Mechanics of Materials

CIVL 3322 / MECH 3322

Deformation in Axially
Loaded Members

Design Principles
I

would suggest that you all look over

chapter 4 although we will not spend a lot
of time in class with those principles
It will really help the civil students when
they get to steel and reinforced concrete
design classes

Axial Deformation

Prismatic Homogenous
Members
Homogenous

made of the same material

all through the member, same mechanical
properties
Prismatic same cross-section

Axial Deformation

Saint-Venants Principle
Equipollent

loads will act the same at

sufficient distance along an axially loaded
member

Axial Deformation

Saint-Venants Principle
This

is generally a valid assumption except

in areas where something occurs to alter
the flow of stress

Axial Deformation

Fundamentals
For

any homogenous
prismatic section of an
axially loaded member,
the elongation (or
compression) in that
section can be found by
the expression shown at
the right.
Axial Deformation

F
A
= E

=
L

=
L E
L
=
E
FL
=
AE

P5.8
A solid brass [E = 100 GPa] axial
member is loaded and supported as
shown in Fig. P5.8. Segments (1) and (2)
each have a diameter of 25 mm and
segment (3) has a diameter of 14 mm.

P05_008

Axial Deformation

What is the value of the axial

load in segment (3) of the
member shown in kN?

Axial Deformation

What is the value of the axial

load in segment (2) of the
member shown in kN?

Axial Deformation

What is the value of the axial

load in segment (1) of the
member shown in kN?

Axial Deformation

What is the value of the

average stress in segment
(1) of the member shown in
MPa?

Axial Deformation

What is the value of the

average stress in segment
(2) of the member shown in
MPa?

Axial Deformation

What is the value of the

average stress in segment
(3) of the member shown in
MPa?

Axial Deformation

What is the value of the

microstrain in segment (1)?

Axial Deformation

What is the value of the

microstrain in segment (2)?

Axial Deformation

What is the value of the

microstrain in segment (3)?

Axial Deformation

What is the elongation of

segment (1) in mm?

Axial Deformation

What is the elongation of

segment (2) in mm?

Axial Deformation

What is the elongation of

segment (3) in mm?

Axial Deformation

How far down does

point D move in mm
after this loading is
applied? (assume that
the distances shown are
unloaded distances.)

Axial Deformation

If the load at C was

acting upwards. What
would the microstrain in
section (2) be?

Axial Deformation

If the load at C was

acting upwards. What
would the elongation in
mm in section (2) be?
Be sure to include the
sign.

Axial Deformation

Fundamentals
If

either or both the load or

cross section change as a
function of distance along
the axis, the expressions
on the right are not used
because they assume a
constant load on the
section and a constant
cross sectional area.
Axial Deformation

F
A
= E

=
L

=
L E
L
=
E
FL
=
AE

Fundamentals
Instead,

we can use a differential form of the

expression to estimate the strain and
deflection.
This is actually only an estimate limited to a
small rate of change in the cross section.
L

=
0

F ( x)
dx
A( x) E

where x is the distance along the loading axis

Axial Deformation

P5.12
A

homogenous rod of length L and elastic

modulus E is a truncated cone with diameter
that varies linearly from d0 at one end to 2d0
at the other end.
A concentrated axial load P is applied to the
ends of the rod, as shown in Fig. P5.12.
Assume that the taper of the cone is slight
enough for the assumption of a uniform axial
stress distribution over a cross section to be
valid.
Axial Deformation

P5.12
(a)

Determine an expression for the stress

distribution on an arbitrary cross section at
x.
(b) Determine an expression for the
elongation of the rod.

Axial Deformation

Homework
P

5.3
P 5.6
P 5.13

Axial Deformation