14/03/2015

Weber(unit)Wikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Weber(unit)
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Inphysics,theweber/vebr/[1](symbol:Wb)isthe
SIunitofmagneticflux.AfluxdensityofoneWb/m2
(oneweberpersquaremetre)isonetesla.
TheweberisnamedaftertheGermanphysicist
WilhelmEduardWeber(18041891).

Definition
Thewebermaybedefinedin
termsofFaraday'slaw,which
relatesachangingmagneticflux
throughalooptotheelectricfield
aroundtheloop.Achangeinflux
ofoneweberpersecondwill
induceanelectromotiveforceof
onevolt(produceanelectric
potentialdifferenceofonevolt
acrosstwoopencircuited
terminals).

Weber
Unitsystem

SIderivedunit

Unitof

Magneticflux

Symbol

Wb

Namedafter

WilhelmEduardWeber

InSIbaseunits:

1Wb=1 kgm2s2A1

SImultiplesforweber(Wb)
Submultiples
Multiples
Value

Symbol

Name

101Wb

dWb

deciweber

101Wb

daWb

decaweber

102Wb

cWb

centiweber

102Wb

hWb

hectoweber

103Wb

mWb

milliweber

103Wb

kWb

kiloweber

106Wb

Wb

microweber

106Wb

MWb megaweber

109Wb

nWb

nanoweber

109Wb

GWb

gigaweber

1012Wb

pWb

picoweber

1012Wb

TWb

teraweber

1015Wb

fWb

femtoweber

1015Wb

PWb

petaweber

Weber(unitofmagnetic
1018Wb
flux)Theweberisthe
1021Wb
magneticfluxwhich,
linkingacircuitofoneturn, 1024Wb
wouldproduceinitan
electromotiveforceof1volt
ifitwerereducedtozeroat
auniformratein1
second.[2]

aWb

attoweber

1018Wb

EWb

exaweber

zWb

zeptoweber

1021Wb

ZWb

zettaweber

yWb

yoctoweber

1024Wb

YWb

yottaweber

Officially,

Value Symbol

Name

Commonmultiplesareinboldface.

Theweberiscommonlyexpressedinamultitudeofotherunits:

whereWb=weber,
V=volt,
T=tesla,
J=joule,
m=meter,

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weber_(unit)

1/4

14/03/2015

Weber(unit)Wikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

s=second,
A=ampere,
Mx=maxwell.
ThisSIunitisnamedafterWilhelmEduardWeber.AswitheveryInternationalSystemofUnits(SI)
unitwhosenameisderivedfromthepropernameofaperson,thefirstletterofitssymbolisuppercase
(Wb).However,whenanSIunitisspelledoutinEnglish,itshouldalwaysbeginwithalowercaseletter
(weber),exceptinasituationwhereanywordinthatpositionwouldbecapitalized,suchasatthe
beginningofasentenceorinmaterialusingtitlecase.Notethat"degreeCelsius"conformstothisrule
becausethe"d"islowercase.BasedonTheInternationalSystemofUnits
(http://www.bipm.org/en/publications/sibrochure/section52.html),section5.2.

History
In1861,theBritishAssociationfortheAdvancementofScience(knownas"TheBA"[3])establisheda
committeeunderWilliamThomson(laterLordKelvin)tostudyelectricalunits.[4]InaFebruary1902
manuscript,withhandwrittennotesofOliverHeaviside,GiovanniGiorgiproposedasetofrationalunits
ofelectromagnetismincludingtheweber,notingthat"theproductofthevoltintothesecondhasbeen
calledtheweberbytheB.A."[5]TheInternationalElectrotechnicalCommissionbeganworkon
terminologyin1909andestablishedTechnicalCommittee1in1911,itsoldestestablishedcommittee,
"tosanctionthetermsanddefinitionsusedinthedifferentelectrotechnicalfieldsandtodeterminethe
equivalenceofthetermsusedinthedifferentlanguages."[6][7]
Itwasnotuntil1927thatTC1dealtwiththestudyofvariousoutstandingproblems
concerningelectricalandmagneticquantitiesandunits.Discussionsofatheoreticalnature
wereopenedatwhicheminentelectricalengineersandphysicistsconsideredwhether
magneticfieldstrengthandmagneticfluxdensitywereinfactquantitiesofthesamenature.
Asdisagreementcontinued,theIECdecidedonanefforttoremedythesituation.It
instructedataskforcetostudythequestioninreadinessforthenextmeeting.[8]
In1930,[8]TC1decidedthatthemagneticfieldstrength(H)isofadifferentnaturefromthemagnetic
fluxdensity(B),andtookupthequestionofnamingtheunitsforthesefieldsandrelatedquantities,
amongthemtheintegralofmagneticfluxdensity.
In1935,TC1recommendednamesforseveralelectricalunits,includingtheweberforthepracticalunit
ofmagneticflux(andthemaxwellfortheCGSunit).[8][9]
Itwasdecidedtoextendtheexistingseriesofpracticalunitsintoacompletecomprehensive
systemofphysicalunits,therecommendationbeingadoptedin1935"thatthesystemwith
fourfundamentalunitsproposedbyProfessorGiorgibeadoptedsubjecttothefourth
fundamentalunitbeingeventuallyselected".Thissystemwasgiventhedesignationof
"Giorgisystem".[10]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weber_(unit)

2/4

14/03/2015

Weber(unit)Wikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Alsoin1935,TC1passedresponsibilityfor"electricandmagneticmagnitudesandunits"tothenew
TC24.This"ledeventuallytotheuniversaladoptionoftheGiorgisystem,whichunified
electromagneticunitswiththeMKSdimensionalsystemofunits,thewholenowknownsimplyastheSI
system(SystmeInternationaldunits)."[11]
In1938,TC24"recommendedasaconnectinglink[frommechanicaltoelectricalunits]thepermeability
offreespacewiththevalueof0=4 107H/m.Thisgroupalsorecognizedthatanyoneofthe
practicalunitsalreadyinuse(ohm,ampere,volt,henry,farad,coulomb,andweber),couldequallyserve
asthefourthfundamentalunit.[8]"Afterconsultation,theamperewasadoptedasthefourthunitofthe
GiorgisysteminParisin1950."[10]

Notesandreferences
1. InAmericaalso/wbr/.
"weber(mainentryisAmericanEnglish,CollinsWorldEnglish(furtherdown)isBritish)"
(http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ballet).Dictionary.com.
2. "CIPM,1946:Resolution2/DefinitionsofElectricalUnits"(http://www.bipm.org/en/CIPM/db/1946/2/).
InternationalCommitteeforWeightsandMeasures(CIPM)Resolutions.InternationalBureauofWeights
andMeasures(BIPM).1946.Retrieved20080429.
3. "TheBA(BritishAssociationfortheAdvancementofScience)"(http://www.britishscienceassociation.org).
4. Frary,Mark."Theworldofelectricity:18201904"
(http://www.iec.ch/about/history/articles/world_of_electricity.htm).InternationalElectrotechnical
Commission.Retrieved20080429.
5. Giorgi,Giovanni(February1902)."RationalUnitsofElectromagnetism"
(http://www.iec.ch/about/history/documents/documents_giovanni.htm)(Manuscriptwithhandwrittennotesby
OliverHeaviside).p.9.Retrieved20140221.
6. "IECTechnicalCommittee1"(http://www.iec.ch/cgibin/procgi.pl/www/iecwww.p?
wwwlang=e&wwwprog=dirdet.p&progdb=db1&css_color=purple&committee=TC&number=1).International
ElectrotechnicalCommission.Retrieved20080429.
7. "StrategicPolicyStatement,IECTechnicalCommitteeonTerminology"(http://www.iec.ch/cgi
bin/getsps.pl/1.pdf?file=1.pdf).InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission.Retrieved20080429.
8. "TheroleoftheIEC/Workonquantitiesandunits"(http://www.iec.ch/zone/si/si_role.htm).Historyofthe
SI.InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission.Retrieved20080429.
9. "Summary:ElectricalUnits"(http://www.iec.ch/about/history/overview/summary.htm).IECHistory.
InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission.Retrieved20080429.
Thispageincorrectlystatesthattheunitswereestablishedin1930,sincethatyear,TC1decided"that
thequestionofnamestobeallocatedtomagneticunitsshouldnotbeconsidereduntilgeneral
agreementhadbeenreachedontheirdefinitions"[1](http://www.iec.ch/zone/si/si_role.htm)
10. Ruppert,Louis."IECHistory19061956:BriefHistoryoftheInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission"
(http://www.iec.ch/about/history/pdf_history/IEC%20History%2019061956.pdf).International
ElectrotechnicalCommission.pp.45.Retrieved20080429.
11. Raeburn,Anthony."IECtechnicalcommitteecreation:thefirsthalfcentury(19061949)"
(http://www.iec.ch/about/history/overview/overview_19061949.htm).InternationalElectrotechnical
Commission.Retrieved20080429.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weber_(unit)

3/4

14/03/2015

Weber(unit)Wikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Retrievedfrom"http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weber_(unit)&oldid=646941380"
Categories: SIderivedunits Unitsofmagneticflux
Thispagewaslastmodifiedon13February2015,at11:44.
TextisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionShareAlikeLicenseadditionalterms
mayapply.Byusingthissite,youagreetotheTermsofUseandPrivacyPolicy.Wikipediaisa
registeredtrademarkoftheWikimediaFoundation,Inc.,anonprofitorganization.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weber_(unit)

4/4