Pakistan Railways Project

Acknowledgement
In the name of Allah the praiseworthy, the passionate
whose blessings made it possible for us to complete this
complex task.
It is a matter of great Pleasure and enthusiasm for us to
complete our project. It is all because of Almighty Allah’s
great guidance that made us do that.
We are especially thankful to our respected Teacher Mr.
Naseem Qaiser who provided us an opportunity to prepare
this Project report and encouraged us. It was not possible
without the guidance he provided to us, to complete this
project. We are also thankful to the organization we have
studied, about Pakistan Railway. As it was not possible
without there help too.
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Federal Urdu University of Arts,Science and Technology Islamabad
Topics Page Number
Acknowledgement 1
Table of Contents 2
History and Introduction 3
Vision and Mission 11
Software Details 11
Hardware Details 16
Data Base Software
Network Structure 21
Database Backup Management 31
Security Management 33
Online Presence
Conclusions & Recommendations 37
Suggestions 37
Table of Contents
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History of Rail Transport:
The history of rail transport dates back nearly 500 years
and includes systems with man or horse power and rails of
wood or stone. Modern rail transport systems first appeared
in England in the 1820s. These systems, which made use of
the steam locomotive, were the first practical forms of
mechanized land transport, and they remained the primary
form of mechanized land transport for the next 100 years.
As the colliery and quarry tram ways and wagon ways
grew longer, the possibility of using the technology for the
public conveyance of goods suggested itself. On 26 July
1803, Jessop opened the Surrey Iron Railway in south London
- arguably, the world's first public railway, albeit a horse-
drawn one. It was not a railway in the modern sense of the
word, as it functioned like a turnpike road. There were no
official services, as anyone could bring a vehicle on the
railway by paying a toll.
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In 1812 Oliver Evans, an American engineer and
inventor, published his vision of what steam railways could
become, with cities and towns linked by a network of long
distance railways plied by speedy locomotives, greatly
reducing the time required for personal travel and for
transport of goods. Evans specified that there should be
separate sets of parallel tracks for trains going in different
directions. Unfortunately, conditions in the infant United
States did not enable his vision to take hold.
This vision had its counterpart in Britain, where it
proved to be far more influential. William James, a rich and
influential surveyor and land agent, was inspired
by the development of the steam locomotive to suggest
a national network of railways. It seems likely in 1808 James
attended the demonstration running of Richard Trevithick’s
steam locomotive Catch me who can in London; certainly at
this time he began to consider the long-term development of
this means of transport. He was responsible for proposing a
number of projects that later came to fruition, and he is
credited with carrying out a survey of the Liverpool and

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Manchester Railway. Unfortunately, he became bankrupt and
his schemes were taken over by George Stephenson and
others. However, he is credited by many historians with the
title of "Father of the Railway".
It was not until 1825 that the success of the Stockton
and Darlington Railway proved that the railways could be
made as useful to the general shipping public as to the
colliery owner. This railway broke new ground by using rails
made of rolled wrought iron, produced at Bedlington
Ironworks in Northumberland. Such rails were stronger. This
railway linked the town of Darlington with the port of
Stockton-on-Tees, and was intended to enable local collieries
(which were connected to the line by short branches) to
transport their coal to the docks. As this would constitute the
bulk of the traffic, the company took the important step of
offering to haul the colliery wagons or chaldrons by
locomotive power, something that required a scheduled or
timetabled service of trains. However, the line also
functioned as a toll railway, where private horse drawn
wagons could be operated upon it.

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This curious hybrid of a system (which also included, at
one stage, a horse drawn passenger wagon) could not last,
and within a few years, traffic was restricted to timetabled
trains. (However, the tradition of private owned wagons
continued on railways in Britain until the 1960s.)
The success of the Stockton and Darlington encouraged
the rich investors of the rapidly industrializing North West of
England to embark upon a project to link the rich cotton
manufacturing town of Manchester with the thriving port of
Liverpool. The Liverpool and Manchester Railway was the
first modern railway, in that both the goods and passenger
traffic was operated by scheduled or timetabled locomotive
hauled trains. At the time of its construction, there was still a
serious doubt that locomotives could maintain a regular
service over the distance involved. A widely reported
competition was held in 1829 called the Rain hill Trials, to
find the most suitable steam engine to haul the trains. A
number of locomotives were entered, including Novelty,
Perseverance, and Sans Pareil. The winner was Stephenson's
Rocket, which had superior steaming qualities as a

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consequence of the installation of a multi-tubular boiler
(suggested by Henry Booth, a director of the railway
company).
The promoters were mainly interested in goods traffic,
but after the line opened on 15 September 1830, they found
to their amazement that passenger traffic was just as
remunerative. The success of the Liverpool and Manchester
railway influenced the development of railways elsewhere in
Britain and abroad. The company hosted many visiting
deputations from other railway projects, and many
railwaymen received their early training and experience
upon this line.
It must be remembered that the Liverpool and
Manchester line was still a short one (35 miles (56 km)),
linking two towns within an English shire county. The world's
first trunk line can be said to be the Grand Junction Railway,
opening in 1837, and linking a mid point on the Liverpool
and Manchester Railway with Birmingham, by way of Crewe,
Stafford, and Wolverhampton.
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Introduction of Railways in Subcontinent:
The idea of a rail network was first thought of in 1847,
with the possibility of Karachi becoming a major seaport. Sir
Henry Edward Frere, who was appointed as the
Commissionar of SindhS, sought permission from Lord
Dalhousie to begin a survey for a Karachi Seaport and a
survey for a railway line in 1858. The proposed railway line
would be laid from Karachi (city) to Kotri. A steamboat
service on the Indus and Chenab rivers would connect Kotri
to Multan and from there another railway line would be laid
to Lahore and beyond.
On May 13th, 1861 the first railway line was opened to
the public, between Karachi (city) and Kotri, with a total
distance of 105 miles (169 km).
By 1886, there were four railway companies operating
in what would become Pakistan. The Scinde (Sindh)
Railways, Indian Flotilla Company, Punjab Railway and Delhi
Railways. These were amalgamated into the Scinde, Punjab
& Delhi Railways Company and purchased by the Secretary
of State for India in 1885, and in January 1886 formed the

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North Western State Railways, which was later on renamed
as North Western Railway (NWR). This would eventually
become Pakistan Railways in 1947.
Another railway line between Karachi and Keamari was
opened on June 16th, 1889. In 1897, the line from Keamari
to Kotri was doubled.
By 1898 as the network began to grow, another
proposed railway line was in the works from Peshawar to
Karachi. It closely followed the route taken by Alexander The
Great and his army while marching through the Hindu Kush
to the Arabian Sea. During the early 20th century, railway
lines were also laid down between Peshawar and Rawalpindi
and Rawalpindi to Lahore. Different sections on the existing
main line from Peshawar and branch lines were constructed
in the last quarter of 19th century and early 20th century.
In 1947, after Pakistan became an independent state,
1,947 route miles (3,133 km) of North Western Railways
were transferred to Pakistan from British India.
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.
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In 1954, the railway line was extended to Mardan and
Charsada, and in 1956 the Jacobabad-Kashmore 2
ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge line was converted into broad gauge.
In 1961, the Pakistani portion of North Western Railways was
renamed Pakistan Railways. The Kot Adu-Kashmore line was
constructed between 1969 and 1973 providing an
alternative route from Karachi to northern Pakistan.
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History of Pakistan Railways:
Pakistan Railways provides an important mode of
Transportation in the farthest corners of the country and
brings them closer for Business, sight seeing, pilgrimage and
education. It has been a great integrating force and forms
the life line of the country by catering to its needs for large
scale movement of people and freight.
The possibility of Karachi as a sea port was first noticed
in the mid of 19th century and Sir Henry Edward Frere who
was appointed Commissioner of Sind after its annexation
with Bombay in 1847 sought permission from Lord Dalhousie
to begin survey of sea port. He also initiated the survey for
Railway line in 1858 . It was proposed that a railway line
from Karachi City to Kotri, steam navigation up the Indus
/Chenab up to Multan and from there an other railway to
Lahore and beyond be constructed.
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It was on 13th May,1861 that first railway line was
opened for public traffic between Karachi City and Kotri, the
distance of 105 miles. The line between Karachi City and
Keamari was opened on 16.6.1889.By 1897 the line from
Keamari to Kotri was doubled. The railway line from
Peshawar to Karachi closely follows Alexander’s line of March
through the HinduKush to the sea. Different sections on
existing main line from Peshawar to Lahore and Multan
branch lines were constructed in the last quarter of 19th
century and early years of 20th century.
The 4 sections i.e.Scinde railways, Indian Flotilla
company Punjab railway and Delhi railways working in a
single company were later on amalgamated into Scinde,
Punjab & Delhi railways company and was purchased by the
Secretary of State for India in 1885 and in January, 1886 it
was named North Western State Railways which was later on
renamed as North Western Railways. At the time of partition,
North Western Railway’s 1847 route mile was transferred to
India leaving route miles 5048 to Pakistan. In 1954 The
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railway line was extended to Mardan and Charsada section
and in 1956 Jacababad-Kashmore 2’-6’’ line was converted
into broad gauge.
Kot Adu-Kashmore line was constructed between 1969
to 1973 providing an alternate route from Karachi to up
country.
Mission Statement:
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To provide a safe reliable, modern, efficient and cost
effective infrastructure to its customers: to contribute in
building the economy of Pakistan and to look after the
welfare of its employees.
Vission Statement:
• Increasing share in freight and passenger market.
• Restoring confidence of the passenger and trading
community.
• Development of human resource need base coupled with
improvement and development of management,
infrastructure and rolling stock.
• Encourage private sector in public private partnership,
both for development of infrastructure and train
operations.
• Diversify all its non-core activities to make them self-
sustainable units.
Software:
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Programs consist of all the electronically encoded
instructions that tell the computer hardware how to
perform a task. Without software, hardware is useless.
These are of two types:
 System Software.
 Application Software.
What is System Software?
Systems software refers to the Operating System and
utility programs (like Compiler, Loader, Linker, and
Debugger) that manage computer resources at a low level.
Operating systems, such as GNU, Microsoft Windows, Mac
OS X or Linux, are prominent examples of system software.
System software is software that basically allows the
parts of a computer to work together. Without the system
software the computer cannot operate as a single unit. In
contrast to system software, software that allows you to do
things like create text documents, play games, listen to
music, or surf the web is called application software.

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In general, application programs are software that
enable the end-user to perform specific, productive tasks,
such as word processing or image manipulation. System
software performs tasks like transferring data from memory
to disk, or rendering text onto a display device.
System software is not generally what a user would buy
a computer for, instead, it is usually the basics of a computer
which come built-in. Application software is the programs on
the computer when the user buys it. These programs may
include word processors and web browsers.
System Softwares used in Pakistan Railways:
Most frequently used system software’s in
Pakistan Railways are:
 Microsoft Windows XP.
 SCO UNIX 5.0.5
 Red Hat Linux 7.2 & Advance Server 2.1
 Windows 98
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 Windows 2000 Professional
 Window XP Professional 2003
 Windows 2000 Server
 Windows 2000 Advance Server
 Windows 2003 Server
 Windows XP
 Windows NT 4.0
 IBM AIX
Oracle Collaboration Suite:
Pakistan Railways has installed the latest office
management tools named OCS ( Oracle Collaboration Suite )
widely and extensively used world wide, this software, which
is based, will help the management by exchanging the data
on LAN and WAN, helping them to schedule the day long
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activities in an organized way. The focus area of OCS is
email sharing, Calendar, File Transfer, Ultra Search, Web
messages. At present mail box capacity has been fixed as 20
MB for each user, Which may be enhanced depending upon
the requirements.
What is Application Software?
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Application software is computer software designed to
help the user perform a particular task. Such programs are
also called software applications, applications or apps.
Typical examples are word processors, spreadsheets, media
players and database applications.
Application software should be contrasted with system
software (infrastructure) or middleware (computer services/
processes integrators), which is involved in integrating a
computer's various capabilities, but typically does not
directly apply them in the performance of tasks that benefit
the user. A simple, if imperfect analogy in the world of
hardware would be the relationship of an electric light bulb
(an application) to an electric power generation plant (a
system). The power plant merely generates electricity, not
itself of any real use until harnessed to an application like
the electric light that performs a service that benefits the
user.
Miscellaneous Software Applications:
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Directorate of Information Technology has developed
the software listed below.
1. Pension System.
2. Statistical System ( Passenger, Goods, Operations).
3. Track Management system for IBU.
4. Electrical Billing system for Commercial and
Residential.
5. Railway Employees Card System.
6. Accounting System for Benevolent Fund Organization.
7. Legal System.
8. Advisement Management System for Public Relation
Department.
9. Monthly Financial Reporting System for the generation
of Computerized Tickets which includes Sales Summery
and Military Concessions.
10. File Management, Inventory Management and
Personnel System for Vigilance Directorate.
11. Billboard System for Marketing Directorate.
12. Website Upgraded.
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13. Passenger Revenue Reporting System on the
website.
Hardware:
All the machinery and equipment in a computer system
is known as hardware. Pakistan Railway possesses one of the
latest computers Technology among the other stations of
pakistan.
Following are the details of computer hardware used by
Pakistan Railway:
Servers:
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Server is a computer in a network that holds collections
of data (databases) and programs for connecting PCs,
workstations, and other devices. Servers enable many users
to share equipment, programs, and data. Nearly, 50 servers
for various purposes are installed in head office.
Each Station has its own server, which is connected
through VPN, DXX or other technology to one of the core
offices’ (Karachi, Lahore, Khanewal and Islamabad) servers.
Following are the specifications of WAN servers used in
Pakistan Railways:
 Acer.
 Dell.
Following are the specifications of LAN servers used in
Pakistan Railways:
 Acer Desktop.
 Dell Desktop.
 Raffles Desktop.
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 Sun System Desktops.
PCs:
Branded as well as non-branded P-III & P-IV PCs are being
used in the Pakistan Railways operational and administration
offices with following specifications:
 Dell Systems and Monitors
 Acer Systems.
 Non Branded Systems.
 View Sonic Monitors.
 Samsung Monitors.
 LG Monitors.
 Philips Monitors
Printers:
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Printers are output devices that produce text and
graphics on paper. Ink jet and laser printers are used in the
offices for providing print facility to staff and for printing
work in administration Offices.
 Hewlett Packard Printers.
 Zerox Printers.
Scanners:
Flatbed as well as jet scanners are used in the offices to
scan Customers Pictures, forms, documents etc.
 Hewlett Packard
Scanners.
Key Board and Mouse:
The most frequently used pointing input devices are
keyboard and mouse. Both branded and non branded
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keyboards and mouse are used in the Pakistan Railway
offices.
Network Structure:
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Pakistan Railway comprises 8,775 route km, 781
stations and 42 trains halts. It has a fleet of 546 diesel
electric locomotives, 25,815 wagons and 2,099 passenger
coaches. Maintenance is provided by three major locomotive
workshops and thirty-five smaller workshops. Signaling
facilities at important stations are track circulated within
interlocking limits. Most routes have VHF radio coverage for
communication between train dispatchers and trains.
Telephone Communication is over wire lines and microwave.
Freight traffic during the past five years has averaged 5-6
million tones per annum. It was 15 million tones per annum
in the 1960 but trucking has steadily taken over the freight
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market. The volume of freight traffic in 1995/96 was
approximately 5.1 billion-km. PR carried about 145 million
passengers per annum in the 1970 but during the past five
years, it has dropped to 70 million per annum.
However the average distance per kilometre has increased
from 80 km in the 70's to about 260 km today. Competition
from the inter-city bus services is increasing and only an
efficient rail service will be able to increase its clientele.
Pakistan Railways is multi system and operates on three
gauges, i.e. broad gauge, meter-gauge and narrow gauge.
The gauge wise route length and track length of Pakistan
Railways on 30th June, 1996 were as under:
Type of Route Route KM Track KM

Broad Gauge 7,718 11,344
Meter Gauge 445 555
Narrow Gauge 611 726
Total 8774 12625
Currently Pakistan Railways functions under the
guidance of Ministry of Railways. The Railway Board
comprises the Chairman and four Members. The Chairman of
the Board is ex-officio Secretary to the Government of
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Pakistan. The four member of the board, namely Member
Traffic, Member Mechanical Engineering, Member Civil
Engineering and Member Finance are ex-officio Additional
Secretary to the Government of Pakistan. The Railway Board
functions as a policy, planning and review Board. In order to
make Pakistan Railways a more efficient and viable
organization by following business led approach, a setup of
Pakistan Railways has been developed and wide powers are
vested in the Board of effectively supervise the running of
the six functional units as follows:
a. Railways Operational Units.
b. Production Unit-I (Carriage factory/Islamabad, Automatic
Vehicle Launching Bride Section, Steel Shops etc).
c. Production Unit-II (Locomotive Factory, Risalpur,
Locomotive Rehabilitation Project).
d. Production Unit-III (Concrete Sleeper Factories, Flash butt
Welding Plant, Sukkur, etc.)
e. RAILCOP (Railway Construction Company, Pakistan Ltd.)
f. PRACS (Pakistan Railway Advisory and Constancy Services
Ltd.)
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The General Manager heads the Railway Operation unit.
The remaining five units are headed by the Managing
Directors who have full autonomy for the running of their
respective units. All Functional units are accountable to the
Railway Board.
A Task Force on Pakistan Railways was constituted by the
Prime Minister in March 1997, and was required to make
specific recommendations for the restructuring and reform of
railways for the balanced and consistent development of the
railroad sector. The Task Force submitted recommendations
in April 1997.
Modernization Activities:
The major emphasis of Pakistan Railways has been on
the replacement of overage assets. Due to resource
constraint, however, it is now engaged in modernizing
certain areas as best as it can. These include the following:-
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i. To ensure more comfortable journey it has been decided
to manufacture only lower class air-conditioned coaches in
future.
ii. All second class coaches are being provided with
cushioned seats.
iii. Reservation work has been computerized on modern
lines at Lahore and Karachi stations; the system's two major
reservation centres. Computerization of reservation offices
of Peshawar, Rawalpindi, Faisalabad, Multan and Hyderabad
is in progress and is likely to be commissioned shortly. The
steps are now underway to link these stations with other
major railway stations.
iv. Closed circuit televisions have been introduced at Lahore,
Karachi, Multan and Faisalabad railway stations. This
entertainment is being extended to Sukkur, Rawalpindi and
Peshawar stations in the next phase. Subak Kharam and
Shalimar trains have also been provided with closed circuit
televisions and this system is being provided in Subak Raftar
also.
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v. Public address system is being provided in Subak Raftar,
Subak Kharam, Tezgam and Khyber Mail trains.
vi. Modernization of Karachi, Quetta, Hyderabad, Multan,
Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi and Peshawar Railway
stations, removal of hindrances on railway platforms and
upgradation of approach roads are being carried out.
vii. Private Sector is being encouraged to participate in the
activities of the system. As a first step, ticket selling and
ticket checking on Lahore-Faisalabad and Lahore-Narowal-
Sialkot Sections have been privatized.
(viii). Feasibility study for a high-speed track is in hand.
Development Schemes:
The Pakistan Railways has proposed major replacement
and rehabilitation schemes for the forthcoming five year
plan.
An amount of Rs. 40 billion has been allocated for ongoing
and new works. The major physical components which would
be completed during the Plan period includes:
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i. Doubling of track from Lodhran to Peshawar (800 Km) to
ensure sustained improvement in the turn round time of
rolling stock and motive power;
ii. Manufacture of 51 locomotives;
iii. Rehabilitation of 101 diesel electric locomotives;
iv. Manufacture of 175 new design light-weight passenger
coaches;
v. Equipping 7000 wagons with roller bearing;
vi. Revamping of 14 electric locomotives;
vii. Procurement of 1400 high capacity wagons;
viii. Procurement of 50 wagon movers;
ix. Introduction of Management Information System;
x. Improvement and Rehabilitation of track to cater for high
speeds;
xi. Telecommunication and Signaling Network on main and
important branch lines
Pakistan Railways (reporting mark PR) is a national state-
owned rail transport service of Pakistan, head-quartered in
Lahore. It is administered by the federal government under
the Ministry of Railways. PR provides an important mode of

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transportation throughout Pakistan. It is commonly referred
to as the "life line of the country", by aiding in large scale
movement of people and freight throughout Pakistan. The
current chairman is Sami-ul-Haq Khilji.
.1. An efficient transportation system plays a vital role in
the economic development of a country Massive investment
and development of infrastructure is essential for
sustainable
economic growth.
2. Pakistan has a natural geo-strategic location at the
peripheral of South Asia and Central Asia. In the south, the
Arabian Sea forms a gateway to the vast Eurasia hinterland
and makes Pakistan a shortest route for transit trade to the
Central Asian Republics (CARs). Indian trade to the region, in
an economical/convenient manner, is also dependent on the
availability of passage through Pakistan.
3. Pakistan’s primary traffic movers Railways as well as
Road are concentrated along the South North Corridor
linking the Central and the Northern part of the country with
Ports and commercial hubs in the south.

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4. In a rapidly growing economy like Pakistan, the need
for a reliable integrated transport is acutely felt. The raison
d’etre of railways primarily exists for mass transport; where
it can be economically viable to survive as a competitive
business. Pakistan Railways (PR) has a definite edge over
Roads for long haul and Mass Traffic movement both for
passengers and freight in addition to a safe, economical and
environmental friendly mode of transport.
5. PR is a Public Sector Organization and provides service
through an obligation (PSO) relying on the back up support
of the Government. A long beginning since 1861 it once
occupied a principal position in land transport in the past.
6. Pakistan’s transportation network, albeit not as modern
and efficient as that of developed countries, is considerably
more efficient than it was a decade ago and the growth in
demand for transportation services is considerably higher
than the GDP. PR is the only enterprise which provides rail
services in the country yet much is required of the planners
enabling rail transport to catch up with time.
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7. The scale of PR historic debts, exorbitant escalating fuel
prices, pay & pension hikes and loss making passenger
services are significant constraints limiting scope of
investment for infrastructural and services development.
9. The total road infrastructure stretches 260,000 km of
which 60% is paved. Road density is 0.32 km/km. An
increase of 15.4% has been achieved since 1996-97.
10. The main arteries along the corridor are the 1819 km
long N-5 which serves 80% of Pakistan’s urban population
and carries 65% of intercity traffic and the Indus Highway (N-
55) an access free, 4 lanes divided facility with a capacity of
66,000 Passenger Car Units (PCUs) per day.
11. During 1990-2005 railways share in the freight sector
declined from 14% to 4.2%. It did register a recovery in
2000-01 when its freight traffic grew by over 20% as against
an average decline of 4.4% in 1990’s.
12. Road transport system makes up 90 percent of
passenger and 96 percent of freight movement. National
Highways and Motorways network. (10,849 km) constitute
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4.2% of the road network and carries 90 percent of
Pakistan’s total traffic.
Automatic database backup:
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A database may become unusable due to a wide variety
of hardware or software failures. Automatic database backup
simplifies database backup management tasks for the DBA
by always ensuring that a recent full backup of the database
is performed as needed. It determines the need to perform a
backup operation based on one or more of the following
measures:
• You have never completed a full database backup.
• The time elapsed since the last full backup is more than
a specified number of hours.
• The transaction log space consumed since the last
backup is more than a specified number of 4 KB pages
(in archive logging mode only).
• Protect your data by planning and implementing a
disaster recovery strategy for your system. If suitable to
your needs, you may incorporate the automatic
database backup feature as part of your backup and
recovery strategy.
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• If the database is enabled for roll-forward recovery
(archive logging), then automatic database backup can
be enabled for either online or offline backup.
Otherwise, only offline backup is available.
• Automatic database backup supports disk, tape,
Tivoli(R) Storage Manager (TSM), and vendor DLL media
types.
• Through the Configure Automatic Maintenance wizard
in the Control Center or Health Center, you can
configure:
1. The requested time or number of log pages
between backups.
2. The backup media.
3. Whether it will be an online or offline backup.
If backup to disk is selected, the automatic backup
feature will regularly delete backup images from the
directory specified in the Configure Automatic Maintenance
wizard. Only the most recent backup image is guaranteed to
be available at any given time. It is recommended that this
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directory be kept exclusively for the automatic backup
feature and not be used to store other backup images.
The automatic database backup feature can be enabled
or disabled by using the auto_db_backup and auto_maint
database configuration parameters. In a partitioned
database environment, the automatic database backup runs
on each database partition if the database configuration
parameters are enabled on that database partition.
Database and Backup Management:
Organizational data such as customers, financial
records and other sensitive information is critical to the
operation of a business. Ensuring that your information is
protected and running as efficiently as possible is a difficult
task for most IT departments. Pakistan Railways has
experienced engineers that are required to ensure that the
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mission-critical information stored in databases is readily
available regardless of any situation.
Database Services:
Database backup strategy design
• Disaster recovery planning
• Accidental data-loss recovery
Database Maintenance and Performance Analysis
• Query Performance Optimization
• Database Schema Performance Optimization
• Database De-Fragmenting
• Growing, Shrinking or Purging Databases
• Moving Databases
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Database Migrations:
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• Migrate databases to a new server
• Migrate any database to or from any of these
popular databases
• My SQL
• Microsoft SQL Server
• Oracle
• DB/2
• Progress
Security of Data;
Security is a balance between maintaining the ease of
use of resources in the organization and controlling access to
those resources. Putting together a security program that
restricts both users and attacks can be time consuming and
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costly. A security program that pushes the balance too far
toward control may disgruntle users with policies that limit
them from effectively doing their work. Following are some
methods adopted by BUL in this context:
 Authentication of servers.
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 Hardware Firewall is used.
 Software firewall is used.
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 Backup Persons can only take backups.
 Online Backup.
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 Tapes and DVD’s are kept under heavy security.
Online Presence:
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Conclusion & Recommendations:
A management information system is a system or
process that provides
the information necessary to manage an organization
effectively. MIS and the
information it generates are generally considered essential
components of
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prudent and reasonable business decisions.
This report discuses all the activities that the
Management Information System perform in our selected
organization “Pakistan Railways”. The report start with the
whole history of Rail transport, introduction of Rail transport
in Subcontinent and the Background of the Beginning Rail
transport in Pakistan.
The details of Hardware and Software used at Pakistan
Railways are also discussed in the report of us. Pakistan
Railways have their own National base website for their
customers.
Suggestions:
• The Rail services should be improved and must be

provided to the Passenger in time.
• The salaries of the employees should be reasonable.
• There should be screening of employees because the
no. of employees working is more than required.
• Overall system should be computerized to save time,
money and resources of the Organization. Pakistan
Railways must have to introduce automation in its
processes and improve MIS system.
49
• The HR department of the Pakistan Railways is not
playing an effective role. Proper arrangement should be
made for professionals by issuing detailed job
description and job specification to get maximum profit
from them.
• Pakistan Railways should decrease its Service rent
because in present environment Organization can
retain its Passengers(Customers) through this strategy.
50

Pakistan Railways Project

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Pakistan Railways Project

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Acknowledgement

In the name of Allah the praiseworthy, the passionate

whose blessings made it possible for us to complete this

It is a matter of great Pleasure and enthusiasm for us to

complete our project. It is all because of Almighty Allah’s

great guidance that made us do that.

We are especially thankful to our respected Teacher Mr.

Naseem Qaiser who provided us an opportunity to prepare

this Project report and encouraged us. It was not possible

without the guidance he provided to us, to complete this

project. We are also thankful to the organization we have

studied, about Pakistan Railway. As it was not possible

without there help too.

The history of rail transport dates back nearly 500 years

and includes systems with man or horse power and rails of

wood or stone. Modern rail transport systems first appeared

in England in the 1820s. These systems, which made use of

the steam locomotive, were the first practical forms of

mechanized land transport, and they remained the primary

form of mechanized land transport for the next 100 years.

As the colliery and quarry tram ways and wagon ways

grew longer, the possibility of using the technology for the

public conveyance of goods suggested itself. On 26 July

1803, Jessop opened the Surrey Iron Railway in south London

- arguably, the world's first public railway, albeit a horse-

drawn one. It was not a railway in the modern sense of the

word, as it functioned like a turnpike road. There were no

official services, as anyone could bring a vehicle on the

railway by paying a toll.

inventor, published his vision of what steam railways could

become, with cities and towns linked by a network of long

distance railways plied by speedy locomotives, greatly

reducing the time required for personal travel and for

transport of goods. Evans specified that there should be

separate sets of parallel tracks for trains going in different

directions. Unfortunately, conditions in the infant United

States did not enable his vision to take hold.

This vision had its counterpart in Britain, where it

proved to be far more influential. William James, a rich and

influential surveyor and land agent, was inspired

by the development of the steam locomotive to suggest

a national network of railways. It seems likely in 1808 James

attended the demonstration running of Richard Trevithick’s

steam locomotive Catch me who can in London; certainly at

this time he began to consider the long-term development of

this means of transport. He was responsible for proposing a

number of projects that later came to fruition, and he is

credited with carrying out a survey of the Liverpool and

his schemes were taken over by George Stephenson and

others. However, he is credited by many historians with the

title of "Father of the Railway".

It was not until 1825 that the success of the Stockton

and Darlington Railway proved that the railways could be

made as useful to the general shipping public as to the

colliery owner. This railway broke new ground by using rails

made of rolled wrought iron, produced at Bedlington

Ironworks in Northumberland. Such rails were stronger. This

railway linked the town of Darlington with the port of

Stockton-on-Tees, and was intended to enable local collieries

(which were connected to the line by short branches) to

transport their coal to the docks. As this would constitute the

bulk of the traffic, the company took the important step of

offering to haul the colliery wagons or chaldrons by