Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PDVSA N
TITLE
AK211
NOV.93
GENERAL REVISION
10
L.T.
E.J.
A.N.
NOV.85
FOR APPROVAL
12
J.S.
J.G.
E.S.
APPD.
APPD.
REV.
DATE
E PDVSA, 1983
DESCRIPTION
DATE
PAG. REV.
DATE
NOV.85
ESPECIALISTAS
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION
PDVSA
PDVSA AK211
REVISION
FECHA
NOV.93
Pgina 1
.Men Principal
Indice manual
Indice volumen
Indice norma
Index
1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PDVSA References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Quality Assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Regulatory Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Submittals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Site Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Measurement and Payment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
2
2
2
3
4
4
4
2 MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1
Backfill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 EXECUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Field Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protection of Surrounding Areas or Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Surface Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Excavation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Backfill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Compaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Piping and Culverts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cable Trenches and Concrete Encased Ductbanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Drainage and Dewatering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Field Testing and Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Material Stockpiles and Disposal of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stability of Excavations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protection and Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Blasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
5
5
6
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
9
9
10
10
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION
PDVSA
PDVSA AK211
REVISION
FECHA
NOV.93
Pgina 2
.Men Principal
Indice manual
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GENERAL
1.1
Scope
This specification defines the minimum requirements to be met by designer and
civil contractor for earthwork, excavation and backfill. The work comprises:
General Requirements for excavation and backfill below the finished plant rough
grade elevations.
Excavating and backfilling for all concrete construction, underground piping, and
electrical work.
Earthwork for permanent drainage system ditches, including excavating and
backfilling at culverts.
Compaction of backfill areas.
Stockpiling surplus excavated material suitable for backfill for use as a source of
fill.
Disposing of unsuitable excavated materials.
1.2
1.3
PDVSA References
Culverts
AL211PRT
AG211PRT
Railroad Sidings
AF211R
AE211
AI211
Site Data
SD251
AM211PRT
AC211
Quality Assurance
Inplace compaction tests shall be performed by a testing laboratory meeting the
requirements of Covenin 1750 and ASTM D698 (ASTM E329 AASHTO T99C)
and approved by PDVSA.
1.4
1.4.1
Regulatory Requirements
Comply with all applicable Venezuelan laws, standards, and regulations.
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION
PDVSA
PDVSA AK211
REVISION
FECHA
NOV.93
Pgina 3
.Men Principal
1.4.2
Indice manual
Indice volumen
Indice norma
Covenin 2000
Parte II Edificios
2
Construcciones de Terrazas
2.1
Excavaciones
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.2
Compactacin
2.3
Carga y Transporte
Estructuras
3.1
Infraestructura
3.1.1
Parte I Carreteras
5
10
Drenajes
5.9
5.8
Movimiento de Tierras
10.1
10.2
Banqueos
10.3
Excavacin en Prstamo
10.4
Ejecucin de Terraplenes
10.82 Transportes
1.5
References
The following codes, standards and specifications, shall form a part of this
specification to the extent specified.
1.5.1
AASHTO
M145
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION
PDVSA
PDVSA AK211
REVISION
FECHA
NOV.93
Pgina 4
.Men Principal
1.5.2
1.6
ASTM
Indice manual
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D422
D423
D424
Standard Test Method for Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index of Soils
D698
D1557
Submittals
Contractor shall submit testing laboratory reports to PDVSA to verify compacted
fill meets requirements of this specification.
1.7
1.7.1
See Specifications Site Data, PDVSA SD251 for general physical condition of
site.
1.7.2
Geotechnical report including boring logs and test data to determine soil and
water condition:
1.8
Site Conditions
1.8.1
Measurement and Payment for each contract item shall be in accordance with
COVENIN Standard 2000.
1.8.2
When borrow pits are not available within property limits, Contractor shall include
cost of excavating, purchasing, and hauling of fill in his bid.
1.8.3
Report to PDVSA for measurement and verification any work which exceeds the
requirements of PDVSAs drawings and specifications.
MATERIALS
2.1
Backfill
2.1.1
2.1.2
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION
PDVSA
PDVSA AK211
REVISION
FECHA
NOV.93
Pgina 5
.Men Principal
Indice manual
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Indice norma
2.1.3
Select Fill Backfill of the same material as specified in paragraph 2.1.2, but
containing no particle size greater than 20 mm in any dimension.
2.1.4
2.1.5
When suitable backfill material from the site is not available in sufficient quantities,
it shall be obtained from borrow pits near the job site.
2.1.6
All backfill material from the site, borrow pits, or purchased must be approved by
PDVSA.
EXECUTION
3.1
General
3.1.1
The excavation work for each installation shall conform to the elevations and
dimensions indicated on PDVSAs design drawings.
3.1.2
Preserve all Contractorplaced benchmarks and stakes for verification and use
by others.
3.1.3
Excavation backfill and compaction for the following items are specified in the
listed specification:
3.2
Item
Specification
Roads
Storage Tanks
Railroad Ballast
Railroad Sidings
Field Measurements
3.2.1
3.2.2
Contractor shall establish the necessary line and grade stakes needed to
accomplish the work.
3.2.3
Contractor shall install marked stakes that can be used for locating permanent
markers directly above the centerlines of all underground utilities.
3.3
3.3.1
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION
PDVSA
PDVSA AK211
REVISION
FECHA
NOV.93
Pgina 6
.Men Principal
Indice manual
Indice volumen
Indice norma
required for Owners inspector, except where the concrete for walls or footings is
to be deposited directly against excavated surfaces.
3.3.2
3.4
Place excavated material a sufficient distance from the edge of the excavation to
prevent the material from falling into the excavation or causing caveins.
Surface Preparation
See Appendix PDVSA AI211 numeral 3.9.2 where soft or otherwise unsuitable
material (such as organic soils or debris) extends below the required bottom of
a cut, as indicated on drawings, continue the excavation to suitable soil (as
approved by PDVSA). After all unsuitable material is removed, refill the
excavation in layers to the required elevation with suitable backfill material and
compact in accordance with this specification.
3.5
Excavation
3.5.1
Where the excavation is made below the elevation level indicated on PDVSAs
design drawings, backfill the excavation to the proper elevation in accordance
with the procedure specified for backfill and compacting. If excavation is for
foundation purposes, adequate elevation shall be attained with lean concrete.
3.5.2
Do not disturb the bottom of the excavation when excavating for footings and
foundations. Before the concrete is placed, trim the bottom of the excavation to
the final grade.
3.5.3
Where excavation is required for many closely spaced footings in a general area,
the entire area may be excavated with the written permission of PDVSA.
3.5.4
Undercutting existing foundations shall only be carried out with the written
permission of PDVSA.
3.5.5
Finish all surfaces of drainage ditches, including the faces of all slopes, to a
reasonably smooth and compact surface that is obtainable from either a blade
grader or a hand shovel.
3.6
3.6.1
Backfill
Backfill excavations to plant rough grade as promptly as the work permits, but not
until completion of the following:
Removal of water from the bottom of the excavation.
Removal of concrete formwork, shoring, and bracing.
Cut off of temporary sheet piling that has been driven below the bottom of the
excavation.
Removal of all and debris from the excavation.
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION
PDVSA
PDVSA AK211
REVISION
FECHA
NOV.93
Pgina 7
.Men Principal
Indice manual
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Indice norma
Do not place backfill against retaining walls for at least seven days after placing
the concrete. Do not place backfill against foundations for at least three days after
placing concrete.
3.6.3
Place backfill in horizontal layers not exceeding 150 mm in loose thickness to the
tops of all piping, culverts, and electrical cables. Above the tops of these items,
place the fill in layers not exceeding 200 mm in loose thickness.
3.6.4
Place backfill in horizontal layers not exceeding 200 mm in loose thickness around
concrete structures and surrounding concrete encased ductbank.
3.6.5
If the Contractor desires to use thicker layers than specified, he shall state in
writing the desired layer thickness, the equipment and procedure to be used for
approval by PDVSA. The maximum thickness used shall be 200 mm.
3.6.6
Ensure pipes, cables, and protective coating are not damaged during dumping
and spreading of the backfill material.
3.6.7
Place backfill evenly around structures. To prevent wedging action of the backfill
against a structure, carry the backfill on all sides to the same elevation in each lift.
3.6.8
3.7
Compaction
3.7.1
Use power driven hand tampers to compact backfill adjacent to and between
structures, piping, culvert, cables, and ductbanks.
3.7.2
Compact each layer of fill to at least the following percent of the maximum density
obtained in the laboratory at optimum moisture content by the test specification
indicated:
95% of the test values by ASTM D1557 (Modified Proctor) for fills around or under
foundations and railroad subgrade.
90% of the test values by ASTM D1557 (Modified Proctor) for fills at utilities.
90% of the test values by ASTM D698 (Standard Proctor) for fills at utilities
covered by earth to finished grade.
95% of the test values by ASTM D1557 (Modified Proctor) for fill around or under
foundation road base, subbase and railroad subgrade at optimum moisture
content.
3.8
3.8.1
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION
PDVSA
PDVSA AK211
REVISION
FECHA
NOV.93
Pgina 8
.Men Principal
Indice manual
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Indice norma
3.8.2
Grade bottom of trenches to provide uniform bearing along the bottom of the pipe.
3.8.3
3.8.4
Provide 450 mm minimum clearance between the outside of the pipe and the side
of the excavation.
3.8.5
Tamp backfill surrounding all piping, culverts, and cables to provide firm support.
3.8.6
Leave pipe joints exposed until all required tests have been performed. For
concrete pipe, leave joint exposed for at least 24 hours after the joint has been
completed.
3.8.7
All over excavation portion shall be replaced with compacted standard proctor
density at optimum moisture content.
3.9
3.9.1
Minimum invert elevations and widths of excavations for cables and ductbanks
are indicated on the Owners electrical drawings.
3.9.2
3.9.3
Changes in the direction of the excavation shall suit the permissible bending and
puling radius of the cables.
3.10
3.10.1
3.10.2
Do not allow water to accumulate in the excavations. Remove water from the
excavations using dewatering methods suitable for the local conditions.
3.10.3
Method of lowering the water table shall be approved by PDVSA before starting
the work.
3.10.4
Provide all permanent and necessary temporary drainage ditches. Maintain all
permanent and temporary drainage ditches on the site until the contractor work
is completed.
3.10.5
Do not use trench excavations for site utilities as temporary drainage ditches.
3.10.6
3.10.7
Slope and shape drainage ditches to minimize erosion and sedimentation and to
maintain a minimum flow rate of 300 to 1.000 mm per second. For trench size,
see table N I, Covenin 1750 B1.3.2.
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION
PDVSA
PDVSA AK211
REVISION
FECHA
NOV.93
Pgina 9
.Men Principal
3.10.8
3.11
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Tolerances
All excavations shall be within 25 mm of the invert elevations or dimensions
indicated on PDVSAs drawings. The longitudinal slopes of drainage ditches shall
have a tolerance of 13 mm from a straight slope between points of given
elevations. See Covenin 2000 Parte I N 104.51.
3.12
3.12.1
Contractor shall provide soil testing and inspection service which includes soil
survey for satisfactory soil materials, sampling, and testing soil materials
proposed for use in the work and field testing facilities for quality control during
excavation and fill operations. Testing and inspection service is subject to
acceptance by PDVSA.
3.12.2
Testing service must inspect and approve subgrades and fill layers before further
construction work is performed. Tests of the subgrades and fill layers will be taken
as follows:
Footing Subgrade For each stratum of soil which footings will be placed, conduct
at least one test to verify the required design bearing capacities. Subsequent
verification and approval for each footing subgrade may be based on a visual
comparison of each subgrade with the related tested strata, when acceptable to
PDVSA.
Foundation Wall Backfill Take at least two field density tests at locations and
elevations as directed by PDVSA.
Roadbeds and Railbeds One field density test per each 300 m2 area.
3.13
3.13.1
3.13.2
Waste, trash, debris, and excavated materials not approved for backfill shall be
transported off the construction site and be disposed of in a legal manner.
3.14
Stability of Excavations
3.14.1
Provide the necessary shoring and bracing to prevent excavation caveins and
damage to existing improvements and new construction caused by settlement,
lateral movement, undermining, washouts, or other hazards.
3.14.2
The contractor is responsible for maintaining the stability of all excavated faces
until the final acceptance of the work by PDVSA.
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION
PDVSA
PDVSA AK211
REVISION
FECHA
NOV.93
Pgina 10
.Men Principal
3.14.3
3.15
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3.15.1
Contractor shall place and maintain temporary fences, guard rails, barricades,
lights, and other protective measures needed for the safety of personnel during
construction.
3.15.2
Construction equipment or other vehicles shall not cross over culverts, unless a
fill is placed above the culvert to the same height as the finished grade.
3.15.3
Do not use heavy equipment closer to a foundation than a distance equal to the
height of the backfill, unless authorization is obtained from PDVSA.
3.16
Blasting
3.16.1
3.16.2
Grading Contractor shall remove any rock formation by normal excavation means
where possible. If this cannot be accomplished, rock shall be removed by
controlled blasting methods.
3.16.3