Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BTS
OVERVIEW
NOKIA
Nokia UltraSite
WCDMA BTS Optima
Outdoor
NOKIA
Nokia UltraSite
WCDMA BTS Supreme
Indoor
Indoor
Outdoor
Data Sheet:
Output power/carrier in antenna connector:
UltraSite WCDMA BTS (SUPREME & OPTIMA)-10/20/40 W
UltraSite EDGE BTS (TRIPLEMODE), MetroSite - 5/2 W
Uplink Diversity
2-port
standard
Downlink Diversity
2-port /SRC
Triple mode
Nokia UltraSite EDGE BTS
Indoor
NOKIA
Outdoor
TRIPLE MODE NOKIA ULTRASITE EDGE BTS INDOOR (not support US-WCDMA)
TRIPLE MODE NOKIA ULTRASITE EDGE BTS OUTDOOR (not support US-WCDMA)
NOKIA METROSITE WCDMA BTS.
Data Sheet :
Environmental Conditions
Indoor
-5.. +50 C
Compliant to ETS 300 019-1-3 Class 3.2 (Operational)
IP 20
Earthquake: ETSI 300019, 1-3//1-4
Outdoor
-33 .. +50 C
Compliant to ETS 300 019-1-3 Class 3.2 (Operational)
IP 55
Earthquake: ETSI 300019, 1-3//1-4
EMC Compliant
European EMC directive 89/336/EEC
Safety
IEC-950,UL1959,EN6950
Spectrum Allocations
Frequency MHz
1920
1980
2010 2025
2110
2170
60MHz
TDD
2200
60MHz
FDD
SATELLITE
Uplink
TDD
FDD
Uplink
Downlink
SATELLITE
Downlink
1930
1910
1990
60MHz
60MHz
FDD
FDD
Uplink
Downlink
Duplex 80 MHz
3G(WCDMA 1900) for U.S
NOKIA
5 NOKIA
WCDMA BTS /Overview / BTS PCT
1+1+1/2+2+2/1+1+1+1+1+1 sectored
4+4+4/2+2+2+2+2+2 sectored
other features
NOKIA
AC or DC feed
In one sector we cannot fit more than 4 carriers because of a limit in WPA (WCDMA
Power Amplifier).
This BTS contains a maximum of 18 WSP cards (WCDMA Signal Processor),
Each of them is able to handle 32 codes simultaneously in Ran 1.5 and
64 in Ran 2.0
Smart Radio Concept(UL or DL) is optional and consist in 4 Up-Link branch and up to 2
Down-Link branch for each sector in Ran2.0
1800 x 600 x 600 mm (H x W x D)
weight: 135 kg empty, max. 290 kg
core: 110 kg
4+4+4/2+2+2+2+2+2 sectored
other features
NOKIA
AC or DC feed
NOKIA
Optima Compact
NOKIA
RF Extension
Antenna Filter
3xWAF
Antenna Filter
3xWAF
Power Amplifier (1)
3xWPA
Power Amplifier (2)
3xWPA
Transmitter
and Receiver (1)
3xWTR
2xWIC
Transmitter
and Receiver (2)
3xWTR
1xWIC
1xdummypanel
NOKIA
RF Sections
WHX
Baseband 2
6xWSP
2xWAM
1xWSM
1xWPS
BB/AXC Section
1xWFA
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WCDMA Subrack
1+1+1 carriers, 8 W
(previously 5 W)
2+2+2 carriers, 4 W
(previously 2W)
160 code channels Ran 1.5
320 code channels Ran 2.0
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Using the WCDMA Subrack for the Triple Mode BTS we must use WMP (WCDMA Mini
Power amplifier) due to space and thermal problem. Triple mode BTS is available in
Ran 1.5
The new output power is as above at the antenna connector and the naming of the
WMP for the 8 Watts output is 12 Watts WMP
1
2
3 WCDMA carriers/Ran1.5
6 WCDMA carriers/Ran2.0
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AC or DC power feed
Internal antenna
This BTS supports only one sector because it has only 1 WAF (WCDMA Antenna Filter)
Different Amplifier (WMP) is used for this small BTS
Inside the cover(front plate) there is fixed a WCDMA antenna (range 1910-2170 )
that can be used instead of the external one.
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SUPREME INDOOR
WEA = External Alarm
WTR = Transmitter
and Receiver
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WFA = Fan
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WEA - handles external alarms and controls, over voltage protection.Has 2 versions
WEAA and WEAB .
Both versions uses the same PCB
WEAA and WEAB are mechanically and electrically compatible. Differences are:
max. current in EXT_AL lines
WEAA 500 uA/line
WEAB 1 mA/line
WEAB 30 mA/line
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WAF -
3 versions WAFA
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20W WPA(WPAA/WPAB) - 28.2 Watts at the WPA output (Ran 1.5 Unit)
At the antenna connector you get 20 Watts.
To customers known as 30 Watts WPA.
WPAA is the AC version and WPAB is the DC version.
40W WPA (WPAC/D) - 40 Watts WPA for (Ran 1.5 Unit)
WPAC is the AC version and WPAD is the DC version
WPAA and WPAD cannot be combined with WOC. They should use separate WAF in
one sector
The WPAG/H 1900 MHz 53 W WPA (40W Nominal at the top of cabinet) is based on
current 53 W WPAC/D solution. Only difference (depend on raster) is frequency which
is different in WPAG/H. WPAG is working on AC (230VAC) current and WPAH is
working on DC current (48VDC).
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Div in
Comb in 1
Div out 1
Comb in 2
Div out 2
NOKIA
Wideband Input Combiner unit consists of RF and HUB module in same mechanics
The RF module is a RF divider and combiner
The main function of the HUB module is Ethernet repeater for example O&M buses
Notice: Depending on the base station configuration WTR and WPA cables are
connected in different ways to combiner and divider through WIC
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WSM unit routes and distributes digital bit streams between WTR and WSP units.
WSM unit receives spread downlink signals from 6 (max) WSP units, in the case of
softer handover, from up to two neighboring sectors for final summing and then sends
the composite signals forward to WTR for transmission,
WSMA: Ran 1.5 Release unit used together only with WTRA and WSPA
WSMB: Ran 2.0 Release unit compatible with WTRA, WTRB,WSPA,WSPC
WSMA and WSMB cannot be used together in one cabinet
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WSP Functions
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WSP performs RX and TX code channel processing, coding and decoding functions. For
lower data rates convolutional coding/encoding and for higher data rates Turbo
coding/encoding is used. WSP processes RX data samples from twelve receiver
antennas (6 main and 6 diversity antennas) and performs a fast power control.
The number of uplink and downlink code channels is not the same. In softer handover
downlink needs more code channels than uplink. RACH reception needs code channel
processing only for uplink. RACH reception also has some extra requirements e.g.
buffering of input data compared to other code channels.
WSP contains four similar signal processing blocks. Each block has a RAKE receiver and
an encoding/decoding part.
MCU block is for controls and for up- and downlink data transfer between ATM SW
and signal processing.
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There are four RAKE blocks on the WSP unit. Each RAKE has two IRAD ASICs
and one RAKE DSP. The DSP is connected to the WAM unit via DSC ASIC.
Each RAKE block includes four finger banks which have each eight RAKE
fingers: four for the main antenna and four for the diversity antenna. Each finger
bank is time-multiplexed for two users.
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Decoding
capacity
Encoding
capacity
64
64
64
64
16
64
64
32
32
32
64
16
16
128
16
16
144
12
12
256
384
512
NA
ERF voice
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WAM stands for Wideband Application Manager and is used in the BTS for O&M
functions and carrier control.
Performs logical channel processing, ATM termination and controls other processing in
its subrack.
One of the WAMs acts as the master controller for the whole BTS and performs
common O&M functions such as:
-Operational SW local storage and distribution
-Configuration management
-Alarm collection and handling
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Main functions
Cool down the indoor cabinet baseband section.
Function together with the Heat Exchanger to Cool down the outdoor cabinet.
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WCI:Common clock interface for both WSCs towards the AXC backplane
WSC performs synchronization functions and reference clock generation for the other
BTS units (WTR, WAM, WSM) and slave BTS cabinets.
Two WSCs are placed one on top of the other and are connected to the WCI unit.
In case of WSC failure, another WSC becomes the active clock generator.
WCI unit provides a common interface for both WSC units through the transmission
back plane to the other BTS units.
WCI switches the source clock and BS synchronization between the two WSCs.
Changeover to another WSC done automatically or by O&M.
Changeover for the second reference clock done automatically or by O&M in
case of first reference failure
All three units are controlled by WAM unit as CCI-bus (Clock Control Interface)
master.
Live insert for both WSCs
Operational temperature range -10C - +85C
Master WAM
ST-bus
R-bus
RR-bus
WAF
Carrier
InterFace
T-bus
WSP
WSP
WSP
WSP
WSP
WPA
WSM
WSP
WTR
WSC
WAM
MAIN
WCI
RT-bus
WSC
DSC-BUS
REDU
WAF
WSP
WSP
WSP
WSP
WSP
WSM
WSP
WTR
WAM
AXU
WPA
DSC-BUS
Iub
IFU
IFU
IFU
WAF
WPA
DSC-BUS
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NOKIA
WSP
WSP
WSP
WSP
WSP
WSM
WSP
WTR
WAM
Slave WAM
Master WAM: responsible for the O&M functions of the BTS. The BTS software is installed inside the
Master WAM and it is also responsible for the Alarm collection and handling. Furthermore, Master WAM
is also the termination point for the C-NBAP.
Signal Interface(Continuing)
CLK
Clock and synchronisation interface. This interface provides frequency
reference, operational clocks and other timing signals for the use of other units
in the BTS.
R-BUS Receive Bus. This interface delivers received samples from WSM unit
to maximum 6 WSPs.
SR-BUS Sector Receive Bus. Samples from adjacent sectors (adjacent WSMs)
are received via this interface and are further forwarded towards R-BUS.
RR-BUS Radio Receive Bus. This bus delivers the main and diversity received
signal in digital form to the WSM unit for further distribution.
T-BUS Transmit Bus. Carries spreaded and summed signals from one WSP to
WSM. WSM can take input from up to six WSPs simultaneously.
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Signal Interface(Continuing)
ST-BUS - Sector Transmit Bus. Data intended for transmission in adjacent sectors
is delivered via this interface to the adjacent WSMs.
RT-BUS Radio Transmit Bus. WSM composes the whole carrier data from own
and adjacent sector input and forwards the resulting bit stream to WTR via RTBUS for modulation and upconversion .
DSC-BUS Data, Signaling and Control Bus. The 'backbone' of the BTS. All user
data and signaling is carried via this interface from WAM to WSPs. 32-bit wide
parallel bus, 1024 Mbps,
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NOKIA
0 H /1 8 - 1 C H
0 H /1 2 - 1 6
W A M 1 -0
0 H /1 F H
0 H /2 4 H
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I P to o th e r W A M s
U B R , P C R = 4 8 3 0 c e lls /s
W A M p ro to c o l to o th e r W A M s
C B R , P C R = 4 8 3 0 c e lls /s
T e s t lo o p , lo o p e d in A X U
C B R , P C R = 4 8 3 0 c e lls /s
A A L 2 U s e r D a ta to R N C
CBR
0 H /2 2 H
D e d ic a te d N B A P to R N C
CBR
0 H /2 1 H
C o m m o n N B A P to R N C
CBR
0 H /2 3 H
A A L 2 S ig n a llin g to R N C
CBR
Need to be configured
0 H /1 E H
No need to be configured
V P I/V C I
CIF : Carrier Interface. 155 Mbps Interface between WAM and transmission subsystem
(AXC). Carries user data and user related signalling and O&M information from/to
RNC/NMS.
This figure summarizes all possible ATM connections of a WAM. As an example, the
connections of WAM 1-0 are shown. Some VCI values will differ on other WAMs and
some represent a proposal only. Of course, the amount of ATM connections depends
on the configuration of the BTS. The Common-NBAP connection exists only once per
BTS.
O&M IP over ATM/AAL5 in Master WAM
AAL2 user plane link, 1 per WAM
AAL2 signaling link, 1 per WAM
Common-NBAP, AAL5, 1 per BTS in Master-WAM
Dedicated-NBAP, AAL5, 1 per WAM
O&M
relay
CNBAP
Transmission
Control
CNBAP
management, DCH
PCH /BCCH signaling
transmission
WCDMA BTS
logical
resource
manager
WCDMA BTS
O&M
Management
WCDMA BTS
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NOKIA
DNBAP
MS
signaling
User
WCDMA BTS Logical RACH/
data
FACH
resource and
DCH
channel
Logical connection
to Network
Management
AAL2 Signaling
System
Link(s)
WCDMA BTS
WCDMA
AAL2 BTS
AAL2
Signaling
Signaling
DNBAP
User
data
DCH
FP
Termination
Cell(s)
resource
manager
WCDMA BTSAP
Channel
Channel
Channel
DNBAP
MS
signaling
RACH/
FACH
DCH
signaling
User
data
DCH
FP
Termination
Cell(s)
resource
manager
WCDMA BTSAP
Channel
Channel
Channel
MS
signaling
RACH/
FACH
DCH
signaling
User
data
DCH
FP
Termination
Cell(s)
resource
manager
WCDMA BTSAP
Channel
Channel
Channel
Sector
Not a logical / control object within BTS SW !
Several cells may be mapped to one sector e.g. 2+2+2
Sector carriers summed (WIC, WOC)
Do not mix sector with Supreme subrack!
Cell = one WCDMA 5 MHz carrier = WTR output
Consists of WSM, WTR(s), WPA(s), WAF + antennas
Up to 4 receiving antennas (SRC 4 - way diversity)
Referred as LCR (Local Cell Resource) in BTS: meaning LCR is one cell from system point of
view.
One to one mapping to RNCs Cell_ID (by TCOM)
Each cell has common channels (FACH, RACH, PICH)
One cell have two WTRs in case of 4-way diversity / SRC
In Roll Out configuration one cell consist of several sectors
Same TX to all sectors, separate RX from sector antennas
ST-bus
RR-bus
WAF
R-bus
WTR
WPA
RT-bus
WSP
WSP
WPA
WSP
WSP
WTR
WSP
WAF
Carrier
InterFace
T-bus
WSP
WSM
WAM
WSC
WAM
MAIN
WCI
WSC
DSC-BUS
REDU
WAF
WTR
WPA
WSP
WSP
WSP
WSP
WSP
WTR
WPA
WSP
WSM
WAF
WAM
WAM
AXU
AXU
DSC-BUS
Iub
WAF
IFU
IFU
WTR
WPA
WSM
WAF
WTR
WPA
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NOKIA
WSM is used to support the 3rd sector and it is located in the transmission subrack
WAF
R-bus
WTR
WPA
RT-bus
WSP
WSP
WPA
WSP
WTR
WSP
WAF
WSP
WSP
WSM
Carrier
InterFace
T-bus
WAM
WSC
WAM
MAIN
WCI
WSC
DSC-BUS
SR-bus
REDU
ST-bus
WAF
WTR
WPA
WSP
WSP
WSP
WSP
WSP
WSP
WSM
WAM
WAM
AXU
AXU
DSC-BUS
Iub IF
IFU
IFU
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NOKIA
Architecture of Triplemode
BSC/RNC
TRX
2+2+2
GSM/EDGE
900/1800 MHz
DUX
M2X
TRX
DUX
1+1+1
WCDMA
(8W/carrier)
Other
BSs
TRS
TRX
M2X
TRX
TRX
DUX
M2X
WAF
TRX
WTR
WSC
WMP
WAF
WTR
Iub
WMP
WSM
WAF
WTR
WMP
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NOKIA
W
SP
W
SP
W
SP
W
SP
DSC-BUS
W
SP
WAM
AXU
IFU
(RNC)
40
NOKIA
RX
RX
ANT2/1
WAF
20W per sector
ANT1/2
WTRA
TX
D
P
X
WPAA
LPA
WTRA
TX
D
P
X
RX
RX
ANT2/2
WAF
ANT1/3
WPAA
LPA
D
P
X
WTRA
TX
RX
RX
ANT1/1
WPAA
LPA
ANT2/3
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NOKIA
Here is the configuration we can achieve in Ran 1.5 already. When upgrading to the
release Ran 2.0 we use the configuration 2+2+2. You can follow the next slide.
LPA: low noise power amplifier which is used in WPAA
ANT1/1
ANT2/1
WIC
WTR
WAF
WTR
TX
RX
RX
WPAC/D
50 W
ANT1/2
TX
RX
RX
TX
RX
RX
D
P
X
WAF
WPAC/D
50 W
ANT1/3
D
P
X
WAF
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NOKIA
2 WTRB,
3 WPA(50W),
3 WSMB.
Removed:
3 WSMA,
WTRB
TX
RX
RX
TX
RX
RX
WSMB
ANT2/3
WIC
Added:
WTRB
WSMB
ANT2/2
WIC
WSMB
TX
RX
RX
D
P
X
3-6 WAM,
1-18 WSPB,
3 WPS,
1 WSC,
1 AXU,
1-5 IFU
1 WTRA,
3 WPA(28W).
WPA
WIC
50 Wfrom Rel1: Supreme 1+1+1 WTR
D
P
X
TX
RX
RX
WPA
50 W
WTR
TX
RX
RX
WAF
ANT1/2
WAF
ANT2/2
D
P
X
WAF
D
P
X
WAF
ANT2/3
D
P
X
WIC
TX
RX
RX
TX
RX
RX
WPA
50 W
WPA
50 W
WPA
50 W
3-6 WAM,
1-18 WSPB
3 WPS,
1 WSC,
1 AXU,
1-5 IFU
WTRB
Added:
2 WTRB,
3 WPA(50W),
3 WAF,
3 WSMB.
WIC
WTRB
TX
RX
RX
TX
RX
RX
WSMB
ANT1/3
WPA
50 W
WSMB
D
P
X
WSMB
D
P
X
WAF
ANT2/1
per carrier
Removed:
3 WSMA
1 WTRA.
WAF
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NOKIA
This slides shows how you can upgrade from the 1+1+1,20W configuration to (Ran1.5)
to 2+2+2, 40 Win Ran2.0
BTS MANAGER
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Dimensions:
WxDxH
770 x 790 x 1940 mm
770 x 850 x 1940 mm with extended door
47
Cabinet weight:
Empty: 120 kg approx
Maximum: 550 approx (770 kg approx in Extesion
Cabinet)
IP55
NOKIA
Supreme
Integrated Solution
Rectifiers, batteries and auxiliary equipment
integrated into the same cabinet
19 LTE space under heat management
Space for stand-alone AXC unit
Reduced site complexity & Optimised space usage
Support for Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS and UltraSite EDGE BTS
Cabinet design based on WCDMA UtraSite BTS family
Co-siting kits available for UltraSite EDGE BTS
Simplified site installation
Dimensions:
WxDxH
770 x 790 x 1300 mm
770 x 850 x 1300 mm with extended door
48
Cabinet weight:
Empty: 100 kg approx
Maximum: 270 approx (620 kg approx in Extension
Cabinet)
IP55
NOKIA
Integrated Solution
Rectifiers, batteries and auxiliary equipment
integrated into the same cabinet
19 LTE space under heat management
Space for stand-alone AXC unit
Reduced site complexity & Optimised space usage
Support for Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS and UltraSite EDGE BTS
Cabinet design based on WCDMA UtraSite BTS family
Co-siting kits available for UltraSite EDGE BTS
Simplified site installation
Compact
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EmPower 1100-14
Compact Battery Back Up solution for indoor
50
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51
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BSC/RNC
NMS/NetAct
Remote Connection
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The following Nokia power system controller types are supported by PSM and the minimum required
controller SW version is in brackets:
-PCU10.48 for PSSS6000/6600 (SW ver N/A, only one SW version available)
-PSC1000 for Nokia BBU750/15001700/1900, EmPower1900/1900-8/1900-8B (SW ver 2.6)
-PCS for EmPower1100/1100-14 (SW ver 1.11)
-CSM for Extratalk II/II+, Extratalk Mini (SW ver 8.05)
-CCUA for all UltraSite family power systems (NUSS/IBBU/Optima Compact SW ver 2.1.0 ), (Optima
3.0.3)
PSM relese SW can be used only with Nokia BBUs/ SiSSs and it consist of an embedded SWs
(PSMMan, PSM/CCUA and BIOS).
NMS integration SWs are needed to integrate node manager server into NMS/2000 and e.g allow a
usage of PSMMan in NMS machine via X-term window. The X-term window is a function which
enables e.g node manger server display to be displayed on an NMS/2000 or terminal and enabling
operation and control of the remote system by use of the local terminal.
Batteries
Rectifiers
Site
Heat Management
LTE
System commissioning
Battery test
Software download
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Manually
Automatically (periodically)
Locally
Remotely
Nokia Power System Management (PSM) allow user to monitor power system and its alarms in real
time either remotely or locally. At the same it is a common management tool for all Nokia power
systems. It also establish power system SW (if power system controller support this) or Q1IA/
CCUA embedded SWs to be upgraded remotely through network without doing site visit.
Battery test can be started either manually or periodically, period can be set as every x months or
after x days. All battery related paramters are adjustable like float voltage, boost charging settings,
battery disconnection limit etc.
In addition of systems using CCUA all systems equipped with Q1IA have to commission using PSM
own commissioning wizard to avoid communication errors between power system controller and
Q1IA/ CCUA. Commissioning wizard includes all the system, rectifier, battery and site related
information like serial numbers, product codes etc.
PSM improves maintenance efficiency that allows preventative maintenance and diagnosis of what
has failed and hence the correct spare part for any failure can be taken from stores to the site.
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This slideset begins with an introduction to the antenna technology and its basic terms and theory.
Continuing with the Nokia antenna portfolio, including the Nokia RealTilt and ending with different
antenna types and solutions, including the antenna camouflage.
The main focus in this slideset is on the GSM, GSM EDGE and WCDMA/UMTS antennas.
Downlink
Uplink
Mobile
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-Its worth pointing out that if the antennas used in the network are not approved by Nokia, the quality
of the network service can go dramatically down because of Intermodulation, VSWR and/or Isolation
problems which causes interfering on the channels.
Dipole (X-pol)
Dipole (V-pol)
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Patch (X-pol)
The pictures showes the basic difference in the technology design used in the panel antennas of today
X polarized antenna
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-V-pol: Vertically polarized (omni or a panel antenna), horisontal radiating angle normally 30-120
degrees for panels and 360 degrees for the omni, the dipole orientation is vertical, one connector
-X-pol: Cross polarized (panel antenna), horisontal radiating angle normally 30-90 degrees, the dipole
orientation slanted +/-45 degrees compared to V-pol, two connectors (+45 and 45 degrees)
105
120
360 (Omni)
The beam width for antennas are
given as the half-power beam
width, the 3dB point
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As can be seen, the difference between the theoretical horizontal beam widths for the 90, 105 and
120 antennas are small, and in real use the topography and its reflections makes them more or less
equal.
The 3dB point, is the point where the output power from the antenna is reduced to half. (Each 3dB
step decrease the power by half)
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The picture shows the changes in the vertical beam width and gain when going from one (/2)
dipole to eight (/2) dipoles.
The resonance frequency of the dipole is determined by its mechanical lenght, which is half of the
corresponding wave length
The relation between the frequency and the wave lenght can be calculated with the following
formula:
lamda (m) = 300 (the speed of light) / frequency (MHz)
Due to the sidelobes (near the antenna) the beam width is not halved exactly, when doubling the
amount of dipoles
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6dB
Horizon
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To reduce the fieldstrength by 6dB the downtilt angle is smaller for an antenna which vertical beam
width is narrow, than for an antenna which beam width is wide (see the picture of different beams on
slide Vertical
Vertical beam width and Gain)
Gain)
When downtilting the antenna and the downtilt angle is big, then also the sidelobes should be taken
into account.
Mechanical
Down tilt kit
Clamp
Deformation of the
horizontal pattern
Clamp set
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The mechanical DT-kit increases the upper distance to the mast, making the antenna pointing down.
An angle of up to 54 degrees possible with certain antennas.
Different mechanical DT-kits might require different clamps or clamp sets.
The requested downtilt angle is achieved only in the main direction (see pattern shape) causing a
deformation of the horizontal pattern shape.
The benefit using DT is that the radiated power can be concentrated within the sector and that the
reduction of the power towards the horizon avoids interference problems with the next sector
Remote use
Horizontal pattern
remains constant
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Manually you set the electrical down tilt by rotating the adjustment wheel which has a scale for the
tilt range.
The antenna is installed upright i.e. the antenna is not mechanically moved when tilting.
The fixed phase distribution applies to all azimuth directions electrical down tilt angle is constant
keeping the the shape of the horizontal pattern constant at all angles
Remote tilt adjustment requires optionally an Electrical Tilt Adjuster (ETA) to be fitted to the
mechanical interface of the antenna. The ETA is controlled by the Antenna System Controll Unit (ASCU).
The ASCU can be controlled locally by a PC or remotely by the Nokia NetAct Framework via the BTS.
-The benefit using DT is that the radiated power can be concentrated within the sector and that the
reduction of the power towards the horizon avoids interference problems with the next sector
tilted signal
Phase shifters for each dipole group provides variable phase distributions
For sidelobe control the dipole groups are fed with different power
The phase shifter design is based on capacitive coupling, to avoid IM-products
power
splitter
phase shifter
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phase shifter
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The XX-pol antenna shown in the picture is a Dual Band GSM1800/WCDMA 65/65 degree antenna
without combiner.
If the antenna would be fitted with an internal combiner, the amount of connectors would reduce to
two, meaning that both frequency ranges (in this case GSM1800 and WCDMA) would be connected to
the same antenna connectors.
Also Dual Band antennas available where the upper band is Wide Band (1710-2170MHz).
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The benefit in using only one Dual Band or one Triple Band antenna on the site per sector instead of
three respectively two is that the mounting space required is extremely reduced.
By using only one Dual or Triple Band antenna even the amount of feeders can be minimized by using
diplexers or triplexers.
Regulations might allow only one antenna to be installed at the site in city areas.
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Antenna types
-Single Band: Antennas for one cellular system (ex. 1710-1880MHz)
-Dual Band: Antennas for two different (or twice the same) cellular systems (ex. 824-960/17101880MHz or 1710-2170/1710-2170MHz)
-Broad (or Wide) Band: Antennas that covers more than one cellular systems (ex. 1710-2170MHz)
-Triple(or Tri or Multi) Band: Antennas for three different cellular systems (ex. 824-960/17101880/1920-2170MHz or an antenna with one lower band with twice the same upper band ex. 824960/1710-2170/1710-2170MHz)
Nokia Smart Radio Concept (SRC)
-Similar as two separate antennas side-by-side, but in the SRC case within one radom. Its a Dual Band
antenna with twice the same wide frequency band (1710-2170MHz) for optimizing the use of space
diversity with one antenna.
-Improvements when using the Nokia SRC:
- The coverage is improved 2.5-3.0 dB on the uplink side
- The capacity is increased by 75% on the down link side
-The SRC-antenna can also be used as a dual band antenna for two separate cellular systems (ex. 1800
and UMTS).
Frequency band for some cellular systems:
-UMTS/WCDMA: 1920-2170MHz
-GSM1900: 1850-1990MHz
-GSM1800: 1710-1880MHz
-GSM900: 890-959MHz
-GSM800:
-Tetra: 380-430MHz or 806-869MHz
2 RF feeders/sector
RX diversity used
BTS
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One single (X-pol) antenna per sector used when having only one cellular system
The configuration is TX/RX + TX/RX div (diversity)
For a remote controll of the adjustable electrical down tilt (AEDT) one Electrical Tilt Adjuster (ETA) is
required, if the mechanical interface exist.
Frequency band for some cellular systems:
-UMTS/WCDMA: 1920-2170MHz
-GSM1900: 1850-1990MHz
-GSM1800: 1710-1880MHz
-GSM900: 890-959MHz
-GSM800:
-Tetra: 380-430MHz or 806-869MHz
2 RF feeders/sector
no need for diplexers
at the antenna end due
to wide/broad band elements
RX diversity used
Diplexer
GSM
1800
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TX/RX antenna
for GSM1800/GSM1900/UMTS
(1710-2170MHz)
Diplexer
UMTS
One wide band (X-pol) antenna per sector used when having one or two cellular systems at the site,
combined to one antenna.
If more than one cellular system is configured to be used in the same antenna, then they are to be
combined with a diplexer.
The configuration is TX/RX + TX/RX div (diversity).
For a remote controll of the adjustable electrical down tilt (AEDT) one ETA is required. The tilt is
adjustable in common for both bands.
WCDMA MHAs
TX/RX antenna
for two times Wide Band
(1710-2170/1710-2170MHz)
Diplexers
MHA DC-feeds
from BTS
Diplexer
GSM
1800
UMTS
DC-blocks for
multi-MHA use
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One SRC-dual band (XX-pol) antenna per sector used when having two cellular systems at the site,
combined to one antenna or using the Nokia Smart Radio Concept (SRC) for one cellular system.
The amount of feeders used are 4 per antenna or 2 per antenna if diplexers are used.
The configuration is TX/RX + TX/RX div (diversity) per wide band element when two separate cellular
systems.
The configuration is TX/RX + TX/RX div + RX div + RX div when SRC.
For a remote controll of the adjustable electrical down tilt (AEDT) two ETAs are required. The tilt is
individually adjustable for each band.
With external
triplexers
2 RF feeders/sector
RX diversity used
Without triplexers
6 RF feeders/sector
RX diversity used
Triplexers
GSM
900
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GSM
1800
UMTS
GSM
900
GSM
1800
UMTS
One triple band (XXX-pol) antenna per sector used when having three cellular systems at the site
combined to one antenna.
The amount of feeders used are 6 per antenna or 2 per antenna if triplexers are used.
The configuration is TX/RX + TX/RX div (diversity) per band
For a remote controll of the adjustable electrical down tilt (AEDT) three ETAs are required. The tilt is
individually adjustable for each band.
0 tilt
14 tilt
O&M data
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Nokia RealTilt
O&M Center
Antenna
ETA
Splitter
ASCU
Additional
control cable
BTS
Feeder lines
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-ASCU Antenna System Controll Unit (at the BTS). Max. 9 ETAs can be controlled by one ASCU.
-ETA Electrical Tilt Adjuster (at the Antenna)
-Splitter A 1:3 splitter when more than one ETA is to be controlled by the ASCU
-Control cable for the power supply (28VDC) and signal controll (RS485) to the ETA
-Connection from the ASCU to the O&M Center via Ethernet
Antenna camouflage
Hidden
Painted
Integrated
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Camouflage is coming more and more in to the picture when coverage should exist
but the antennas should not be seen in the environment ...
NOTE: Antennas from the Nokia portfolio can be used, but the camouflage work to
be done by a subcontractor.
Pictures shown:
Omni antenna integrated on top of the onion tower
Hidden antennas in a artificial chimney Cover construction of glasfibre and
painted
Perfect matching in the environment by painting the antenna radome
For painting the antenna normally available commercial paints consisting of one or
two components are suitable. Paints with metallic effects or metallic components
are not permissible.
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System NF (dB)
7.0
6.0
M
ut
o
h
it
W
5.0
4.0
HA
1 dB improvement in
system Noise Figure
typically means 10 %
less sites in uplink
limited WCDMA
network
With MHA
3.0
2.0
1.0
0
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4
6
Feeder loss (dB)
10
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Gain
Noise Figure
12 dB
1.7 dB
Dimensions
Weight
Connectors
Sealing
7-16 female
IP 65
Noise Figure is the max at room temp, max over operating temp is 1.9dB
High reliability
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Third party MHAs tpically need an external Power Distribution Unit and cables, also alarms have to be
routed through the external alarms interface
ANTENNA
Internal
BIAS
TEE
TX FILTER
BYPASS PATH
RXin FILTER
RXout FILTER
DC CURRENT
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In case of MHA failure the signal is routed through the by-pass path, thus allowing the cell to operate
(with degraded performance)
Alarm out
DC pwr in
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Fwd. power
coupler
DC block
(capacitor)
Rvrs. power
coupler
ANT port
Broadband detectors
level comparators
alarm-sense logic
RF choke
(inductor)
Lightning
protection
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) measurement is integrated in the WCDMA BiasT.
At the moment VSWR monitoring can be performed on TX antenna line only.
Pure Rx diversity antenna can not be monitored now - "Comparing RSSI (received signal strenght
indication) Value" will do it in later software releases
The fixed VSWR thresholds are as follows:
VSWR 2.6 or lower:
VSWR greater than 2.6:
antenna operation OK
indicates antenna fault
-> alarm
VSWR is designed to detect major faults in antenna line, not to be a high accuracy measurement
feature
- Note a big RL difference between the antenna line with MHA (e.g.15 dB) and without MHA (e.g. 20
dB)!
- 'Call drop rate' and 'Handover success rate' are still good referencies to make sure antenna line is OK
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Nokia Antenna Line products are manufactured to meet demanding electrical and environmental
specifications and they have been field proven in numerous networks around the world.
IMD= intemodulation distortion
Diplexers
WideBand diplexer (singe and double unit)
Lower Band = 800 to 1000 MHz
Upper Band = 1700 to 2170 MHz
DC pass function to MHA (1000mA)
IP 65
Compact, Lightweight
126 x 274 x 28 mm,
1.7 kg w/ mounting bracket
RF Performance
Insertion loss
0.3 dB
Isolation
50 dB
Return Loss
21 dB
Passive Intermodulation
Any RX Band
-159dBc
Rated Power
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GSM 900
250 W avg.
GSM1800 / WCDMA
150 W avg.
Diplexers
GSM1800/WCDMA diplexer
(single and double unit)
Lower Band = 1710 to 1880 MHz
Upper Band = 1920 to 2170 MHz
DC pass function to MHA (1000mA)
IP 65
Compact design, 216 x 315 x 55 mm, 3.4kg
RF Performance
Insertion loss
0.3 dB
Isolation
50 dB
Return Loss
21 dB
Passive Intermodulation
Any RX Band
-159 dBc
Rated Power
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GSM 1800
240 W avg.
WCDMA
40 W avg.
Triplexers
GSM900/GSM1800/WCDMA Triplexer
Used to combine base station TRXs of three different frequencies
to a single feeder cable
Bands: Lower = 880 to 960 MHz
Middle = 1710 to 1880 MHz
Upper = 1920 to 2170 MHz
DC pass function to MHA (1000mA)
IP 65
Compact design, 251 x 318 x 60 mm, 4.8kg
RF Performance
Insertion loss
0.3 dB
Isolation
50 dB
Return Loss
21 dB
Passive Intermodulation
Any RX Band
-159 dBc
Rated Power
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GSM 900/1800
240 W avg.
WCDMA
40 W avg.
WCDMA BTS
GSM 1800 BTS
DC Stop
Works together with Bias Tee to prevent the DC supply
to MHA from shorting to ground Via the antenna or
base station output / input
Installed on diplexer port which is not connected to a
Bias Tee or the MHA
Small compact design
Practical installation
Reliable connection designed to withstand demanding
environmental conditions, IP 65 design
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NOKIA