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NOKIA WCDMA

BTS
OVERVIEW

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Nokia WCDMA Base Station Family 1/2


Nokia UltraSite
WCDMA BTS Optima
Compact

Nokia UltraSite
WCDMA BTS Optima

Outdoor

NOKIA

Nokia UltraSite
WCDMA BTS Supreme
Indoor

Indoor

Outdoor

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

NOKIA ULTRASITE WCDMA BTS OPTIMA INDOOR


NOKIA ULTRASITE WCDMA BTS OPTIMA COMPACT OUTDOOR
NOKIA ULTRASITE WCDMA BTS SUPREME INDOOR
NOKIA ULTRASITE WCDMA BTS SUPREME OUTDOOR(Available in RN2.0)

Data Sheet:
Output power/carrier in antenna connector:
UltraSite WCDMA BTS (SUPREME & OPTIMA)-10/20/40 W
UltraSite EDGE BTS (TRIPLEMODE), MetroSite - 5/2 W
Uplink Diversity
2-port

standard

SRC (Smart Radio Concept)-4 Port

option (Supreme & Optima)

Downlink Diversity
2-port /SRC

option (Supreme & Optima)

Nokia WCDMA Base Station Family 2/2


Nokia MetroSite
WCDMA BTS

Triple mode
Nokia UltraSite EDGE BTS
Indoor

NOKIA

Outdoor

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

TRIPLE MODE NOKIA ULTRASITE EDGE BTS INDOOR (not support US-WCDMA)
TRIPLE MODE NOKIA ULTRASITE EDGE BTS OUTDOOR (not support US-WCDMA)
NOKIA METROSITE WCDMA BTS.
Data Sheet :
Environmental Conditions
Indoor
-5.. +50 C
Compliant to ETS 300 019-1-3 Class 3.2 (Operational)
IP 20
Earthquake: ETSI 300019, 1-3//1-4
Outdoor
-33 .. +50 C
Compliant to ETS 300 019-1-3 Class 3.2 (Operational)
IP 55
Earthquake: ETSI 300019, 1-3//1-4
EMC Compliant
European EMC directive 89/336/EEC
Safety
IEC-950,UL1959,EN6950

Spectrum Allocations
Frequency MHz
1920

1980

2010 2025

2110

2170

60MHz
TDD

2200

60MHz

FDD

SATELLITE

Uplink

TDD

FDD

Uplink

Downlink

SATELLITE
Downlink

Duplex 190 MHz


3G(WCDMA) 2GHz frequency band for Europe and APAC
Frequency MHz
1850

1930

1910

1990
60MHz

60MHz

FDD

FDD
Uplink

Downlink

Duplex 80 MHz
3G(WCDMA 1900) for U.S

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Fully compliant to 3GPP Air Interface Specifications


Transmission band:
Reception band:
Channel Bandwidth:

2110 2170 MHz, 1930-1990MHz(US-WCDMA)


1920 1980 MHz, 1850-1910MHz(US-WCDMA)
5 MHz

5 NOKIA
WCDMA BTS /Overview / BTS PCT

Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS


SUPREME -Indoor
Configurations Ran 1.5 (20W)

max. 2 carriers in one sector

1+1+1/2+2+2/1+1+1+1+1+1 sectored

Configurations Ran 2.0 (10W&20W)

max. 4 carrier per sector

4+4+4/2+2+2+2+2+2 sectored

Code channel capacity

max. 576 ch/cabinet Ran 1.5

max. 1152 ch/cabinet Ran 2.0

other features

NOKIA

Smart Radio Concept Option

AC or DC feed

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

In one sector we cannot fit more than 4 carriers because of a limit in WPA (WCDMA
Power Amplifier).
This BTS contains a maximum of 18 WSP cards (WCDMA Signal Processor),
Each of them is able to handle 32 codes simultaneously in Ran 1.5 and
64 in Ran 2.0
Smart Radio Concept(UL or DL) is optional and consist in 4 Up-Link branch and up to 2
Down-Link branch for each sector in Ran2.0
1800 x 600 x 600 mm (H x W x D)
weight: 135 kg empty, max. 290 kg
core: 110 kg

Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS


SUPREME-Outdoor
Configurations Ran 2.0 (10W&20W)

4+4+4/2+2+2+2+2+2 sectored

Code channel capacity

max. 1152 ch/cabinet Ran 2.0

other features

NOKIA

Smart Radio Concept Option

AC or DC feed

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

The Outdoor version has a different cabinet.


Mechanics might change in the Program.

Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS


OPTIMA-Indoor
Configurations (20W) Ran1.5 & 2.0
1-3 carriers omni
1+1+1 sectored
Configurations (10W&20W) Ran 2.0
2+2+2 sectored
Code channel capacity
32 ch steps Ran 1.5
max. 384 ch/cabinet Ran 1.5
64 ch steps Ran 2.0
max. 768 ch/cabinet Ran 2.0
other features
2-port uplink diversity, standard
AC or DC feed
1100 x 600 x 600 mm
(H x W x D)
-5C ... +50 C, IP20
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NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Optima Compact

Configurations Ran 1.5 (20W)


Max. 2 carrier per sector
1+1+1
1+1+1+1+1+1
Configurations Ran 2.0 (10W&20W)
Max. 4 carrier per sector
2+2+2 sectored
2+2+2+2+2+2
4+4+4
Code channel capacity
max. 384 ch/cabinet Ran 1.5
max. 768 ch/cabinet Ran 2.0
Other features
AC or DC feed
Smart Radio Concept Option

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Optima compact comes in 2 versions with


IBBU -integrated battery back up unit.

RF Extension

1300 x 1200 x 790 mm (h,w,d)


weight: 145 kg empty, max. 390 kg
core: 120 kg
475 kg with IBBU

Optima Compact Outdoor


Transmission (AXC)
1xWSC (WCI)
2xAXU
2xIFU
1xWPS
1xWSM
1xWFA(Not in the picture)
Baseband 1
6xWSP
2xWAM
1xWSM
1xWPS
1xWFA

Antenna Filter
3xWAF
Antenna Filter
3xWAF
Power Amplifier (1)
3xWPA
Power Amplifier (2)
3xWPA

Transmitter
and Receiver (1)

3xWTR
2xWIC

Transmitter
and Receiver (2)

3xWTR
1xWIC
1xdummypanel

NOKIA

RF Sections

WHX
Baseband 2
6xWSP
2xWAM
1xWSM
1xWPS
BB/AXC Section
1xWFA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Door size is different for RF extension compared with IBBU compact.

UltraSite WCDMA BTS Optima Compact


with IBBU extension
Rectifiers: 3 x BATA 1.3 kW
DC, total 3.9 kW DC
Power Distribution Unit (PDU)
Common Control Unit (CCUA)
LTE space: 3 x HU
Batteries: 90 Ah (@ 48 V DC)

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NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Nokia UltraSite EDGE BTS/TRIPLEMODE


Combines GSM, EDGE and WCDMA
Single cabinet can house simultaneously

either 12GSM/EDGE transceivers or


6 GSM/EDGE and 3 (6 in Ran 2.0)
WCDMA carriers

WCDMA Subrack

1+1+1 carriers, 8 W
(previously 5 W)
2+2+2 carriers, 4 W
(previously 2W)
160 code channels Ran 1.5
320 code channels Ran 2.0

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NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Using the WCDMA Subrack for the Triple Mode BTS we must use WMP (WCDMA Mini
Power amplifier) due to space and thermal problem. Triple mode BTS is available in
Ran 1.5
The new output power is as above at the antenna connector and the naming of the
WMP for the 8 Watts output is 12 Watts WMP

Upgrading Nokia UltraSite EDGE BTS for WCDMA


6 GSM/EDGE TRXs

1
2
3 WCDMA carriers/Ran1.5
6 WCDMA carriers/Ran2.0
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NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

-replace existing GSM/ EDGE equipment with WCDMA equipment.


-work required to be done can be done at site.
- available for Indoor and Outdoor cabinet
-In outdoor sites add new cabinet door contains heat exchange size corresponds
current door size.

Nokia MetroSite WCDMA BTS


Configurations
1 carrier omni 8W (Ran1.5)
64 HW Ch - Ran 1.5
1 (8W) or 2 (4W) carrier omni (Ran2.0)
128 HW Ch - Ran 2.0
Other features
same cabinet for indoor and outdoor usage
wall or pole installation
vertical and horizontal installation

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NOKIA

AC or DC power feed
Internal antenna

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

This BTS supports only one sector because it has only 1 WAF (WCDMA Antenna Filter)
Different Amplifier (WMP) is used for this small BTS
Inside the cover(front plate) there is fixed a WCDMA antenna (range 1910-2170 )
that can be used instead of the external one.

Metrosite WCDMA BTS Unit positions

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NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Common units in all Nokia WCDMA BTS


WCDMA transmitter and receiver unit (WTR)
input combiner (WIC)
Antenna Filter (WAF)
Summing and Multiplexing (WSM)
Signal Processing unit ( WSP)
Application Manager (WAM)
Transmission Interface Unit (IFU)
ATM Cross-Connection Unit (AXU)
Input Combiner (WIC)
Specific Units
Mini Power Amplifier (WMP)- used in both Metrosite and Triple-mode
Summing and Multiplexing and System Clock integrated in one plug -in (WMC)-used
in Metrosite
WIB-indoor battery in Metrosite

SUPREME INDOOR
WEA = External Alarm

WAF = Antenna Filter

WTR = Transmitter
and Receiver

WPA = Power Amplifier

WPS = Power Supply

WIC = Input Combiner

WAM = Application Manager

WSC = System Clock

WSP x 6 = Signal Processor

AXU = ATM Multiplexer


IFU x 5 = Interface

WSM = Summing and


Multiplexing

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NOKIA

WFA = Fan

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Units are the in the same location in the Outdoor Supreme.

WIDEBAND EXTERNAL ALARM (WEA)

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NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

WEA - handles external alarms and controls, over voltage protection.Has 2 versions
WEAA and WEAB .
Both versions uses the same PCB
WEAA and WEAB are mechanically and electrically compatible. Differences are:
max. current in EXT_AL lines
WEAA 500 uA/line

WEAB 1 mA/line

max. current in EXT_CO lines


WEAA 20 mA/line

WEAB 30 mA/line

A and B versions differs from each other by value/amount of certain resistors

WIDEBAND ANTENNA FILTER UNIT (WAF)

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NOKIA

WAF -

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

3 versions WAFA

Global version 12dB for 2100MHz


WAFB-Japanese version 30dB for 2100MHz
WAFC-US-WCDMA 1900MHZ
WAF has three modules; Filter, LNA/Divider and Interface Module
Filter module removes unwanted signals from the transmitting path and
selects the wanted signals from the receiving paths. It also has an output
that can be used to measure transmitting signals or to connect site test
mobile equipment. The module will support location service system.
LNA/Divider module amplifies and divides received signals into four
outputs.
Interface module feeds power to the unit, also passes power to Nokia
MHA and antenna supervisor. It collects alarms from the unit, Nokia MHA
and antenna supervisor, and delivers them to WAM. It also has a storage for
the unit's electronic serial number.

WIDEBAND POWER AMPLIFIER UNIT (WPA)

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NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

20W WPA(WPAA/WPAB) - 28.2 Watts at the WPA output (Ran 1.5 Unit)
At the antenna connector you get 20 Watts.
To customers known as 30 Watts WPA.
WPAA is the AC version and WPAB is the DC version.
40W WPA (WPAC/D) - 40 Watts WPA for (Ran 1.5 Unit)
WPAC is the AC version and WPAD is the DC version
WPAA and WPAD cannot be combined with WOC. They should use separate WAF in
one sector
The WPAG/H 1900 MHz 53 W WPA (40W Nominal at the top of cabinet) is based on
current 53 W WPAC/D solution. Only difference (depend on raster) is frequency which
is different in WPAG/H. WPAG is working on AC (230VAC) current and WPAH is
working on DC current (48VDC).

WIDEBAND TRANSCEIVER UNIT(WTRB)

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NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

WTRA is the version used for the global market in Release 1


WTRB: 2 Separate TRX can operate in the same frequency or on different
frequency
WTRA and WTRB can be freely installed into same sector/frequency in any
combination.
Output power is from -10dBm to +10 dBm
WTRB unit does not interwork with Release 1 WSMA unit:when WTRB will be
taken in use all WSMAs must be replaced with WSMBs at the same time

WIDEBAND TRANSCEIVER UNIT(WTRC)

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NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

WTRC: 2 Separate TRX can operate in the same frequency or on different


frequency for US-WCDMA 1900
Output power is from -10dBm to +10 dBm

WIDEBAND INPUT COMBINER (WIC UNIT)


Block diagram (RF part)
Comb out

21

Div in

Comb in 1

Div out 1

Comb in 2

Div out 2

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Wideband Input Combiner unit consists of RF and HUB module in same mechanics
The RF module is a RF divider and combiner
The main function of the HUB module is Ethernet repeater for example O&M buses
Notice: Depending on the base station configuration WTR and WPA cables are
connected in different ways to combiner and divider through WIC

WIDEBAND SUMMING AND MULTIPLEXING UNIT


(WSMB)

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NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

WSM unit routes and distributes digital bit streams between WTR and WSP units.
WSM unit receives spread downlink signals from 6 (max) WSP units, in the case of
softer handover, from up to two neighboring sectors for final summing and then sends
the composite signals forward to WTR for transmission,
WSMA: Ran 1.5 Release unit used together only with WTRA and WSPA
WSMB: Ran 2.0 Release unit compatible with WTRA, WTRB,WSPA,WSPC
WSMA and WSMB cannot be used together in one cabinet

WIDEBAND SIGNAL PROCESSOR UNIT


(WSP)

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NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

WSPA: 32 HW channels (Ran 1.5 Specification Unit)


WSPC: WSPC has double the capacity of WSPA, Ran 2.0 Specification Unit. WSPA and
WSPC and be installed in same cabinet and mixed used

WSP Functions

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NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

WSP performs RX and TX code channel processing, coding and decoding functions. For
lower data rates convolutional coding/encoding and for higher data rates Turbo
coding/encoding is used. WSP processes RX data samples from twelve receiver
antennas (6 main and 6 diversity antennas) and performs a fast power control.
The number of uplink and downlink code channels is not the same. In softer handover
downlink needs more code channels than uplink. RACH reception needs code channel
processing only for uplink. RACH reception also has some extra requirements e.g.
buffering of input data compared to other code channels.
WSP contains four similar signal processing blocks. Each block has a RAKE receiver and
an encoding/decoding part.
MCU block is for controls and for up- and downlink data transfer between ATM SW
and signal processing.

Rake Receivers Function


Impulse response measurements
Channel estimation
Receiver fingers allocation
Descrambling in fingers
Despreading in fingers
Maximum ration combining (MRC)
Code tracking
Closed loop power control
Signal to interference ratio (SIR) estimation

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NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

There are four RAKE blocks on the WSP unit. Each RAKE has two IRAD ASICs
and one RAKE DSP. The DSP is connected to the WAM unit via DSC ASIC.
Each RAKE block includes four finger banks which have each eight RAKE
fingers: four for the main antenna and four for the diversity antenna. Each finger
bank is time-multiplexed for two users.

Channel block (codec) functions


Channel encoding: convolutional or Turbo coding
Decoding (+ Viterbi and Turbo)
Interleaving / deinterleaving
Rate matching
CRC checking / calculation
Modulation
Spreading
Scrambling
TPC (transmit power control)

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NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

WSPC Processing Capacity


User data rate /
kbps

Decoding
capacity

Encoding
capacity

64

64

64

64

16

64

64

32

32

32

64

16

16

128

16

16

144

12

12

256

384

512

NA

ERF voice

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NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

WSPA: 32 HW channels (Ran 1.5 Specification Unit)


WSPC(Ran 2.0 Specification Unit): WSPC has double the capacity of WSPA. WSPA and
WSPC can be installed in the same cabinet and mixed used
WSPA has half the capacity of the WSPC

WIDEBAND APPLICATION MANAGER UNIT


(WAM)

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NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

WAM stands for Wideband Application Manager and is used in the BTS for O&M
functions and carrier control.
Performs logical channel processing, ATM termination and controls other processing in
its subrack.
One of the WAMs acts as the master controller for the whole BTS and performs
common O&M functions such as:
-Operational SW local storage and distribution
-Configuration management
-Alarm collection and handling

WIDEBAND POWER SUPPLY UNIT


(WPS)

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NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

WPSB- DC VERSION -when you have a DC powered BTS


WPSA- AC VERSION - when you have a AC powered BTS
Supplies power to individual units in Base Stations.

WIDEBAND FAN UNIT, WFA

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NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Main functions
Cool down the indoor cabinet baseband section.
Function together with the Heat Exchanger to Cool down the outdoor cabinet.

WIDEBAND SYSTEM CLOCK (WSC)

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NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

WCI:Common clock interface for both WSCs towards the AXC backplane
WSC performs synchronization functions and reference clock generation for the other
BTS units (WTR, WAM, WSM) and slave BTS cabinets.
Two WSCs are placed one on top of the other and are connected to the WCI unit.
In case of WSC failure, another WSC becomes the active clock generator.
WCI unit provides a common interface for both WSC units through the transmission
back plane to the other BTS units.
WCI switches the source clock and BS synchronization between the two WSCs.
Changeover to another WSC done automatically or by O&M.
Changeover for the second reference clock done automatically or by O&M in
case of first reference failure
All three units are controlled by WAM unit as CCI-bus (Clock Control Interface)
master.
Live insert for both WSCs
Operational temperature range -10C - +85C

WCDMA Supreme BTS architecture with three


sectors
SR-bus

Master WAM

ST-bus

R-bus

RR-bus

WAF

Carrier
InterFace

T-bus

WSP

WSP

WSP

WSP

WSP

WPA

WSM

WSP

WTR

WSC

WAM

MAIN
WCI

RT-bus

WSC

DSC-BUS

REDU

WAF
WSP

WSP

WSP

WSP

WSP

WSM

WSP

WTR

WAM

AXU

WPA
DSC-BUS
Iub
IFU
IFU
IFU

WAF

WPA
DSC-BUS

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NOKIA

WSP

WSP

WSP

WSP

WSP

WSM

WSP

WTR

WAM

Slave WAM

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Master WAM: responsible for the O&M functions of the BTS. The BTS software is installed inside the
Master WAM and it is also responsible for the Alarm collection and handling. Furthermore, Master WAM
is also the termination point for the C-NBAP.

Signal Interface(Continuing)
CLK
Clock and synchronisation interface. This interface provides frequency
reference, operational clocks and other timing signals for the use of other units
in the BTS.
R-BUS Receive Bus. This interface delivers received samples from WSM unit
to maximum 6 WSPs.
SR-BUS Sector Receive Bus. Samples from adjacent sectors (adjacent WSMs)
are received via this interface and are further forwarded towards R-BUS.
RR-BUS Radio Receive Bus. This bus delivers the main and diversity received
signal in digital form to the WSM unit for further distribution.
T-BUS Transmit Bus. Carries spreaded and summed signals from one WSP to
WSM. WSM can take input from up to six WSPs simultaneously.
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NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Signal Interface(Continuing)
ST-BUS - Sector Transmit Bus. Data intended for transmission in adjacent sectors
is delivered via this interface to the adjacent WSMs.

RT-BUS Radio Transmit Bus. WSM composes the whole carrier data from own
and adjacent sector input and forwards the resulting bit stream to WTR via RTBUS for modulation and upconversion .

DSC-BUS Data, Signaling and Control Bus. The 'backbone' of the BTS. All user
data and signaling is carried via this interface from WAM to WSPs. 32-bit wide
parallel bus, 1024 Mbps,

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NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

CIF (Carrier Interface)


I P to D C N
U B R , P C R = 4 8 3 0 c e lls /s

0 H /1 8 - 1 C H

0 H /1 2 - 1 6

W A M 1 -0

0 H /1 F H
0 H /2 4 H

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NOKIA

I P to o th e r W A M s
U B R , P C R = 4 8 3 0 c e lls /s
W A M p ro to c o l to o th e r W A M s
C B R , P C R = 4 8 3 0 c e lls /s
T e s t lo o p , lo o p e d in A X U
C B R , P C R = 4 8 3 0 c e lls /s
A A L 2 U s e r D a ta to R N C
CBR

0 H /2 2 H

D e d ic a te d N B A P to R N C
CBR

0 H /2 1 H

C o m m o n N B A P to R N C
CBR

0 H /2 3 H

A A L 2 S ig n a llin g to R N C
CBR

Need to be configured

0 H /1 E H

No need to be configured

V P I/V C I

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

CIF : Carrier Interface. 155 Mbps Interface between WAM and transmission subsystem
(AXC). Carries user data and user related signalling and O&M information from/to
RNC/NMS.
This figure summarizes all possible ATM connections of a WAM. As an example, the
connections of WAM 1-0 are shown. Some VCI values will differ on other WAMs and
some represent a proposal only. Of course, the amount of ATM connections depends
on the configuration of the BTS. The Common-NBAP connection exists only once per
BTS.
O&M IP over ATM/AAL5 in Master WAM
AAL2 user plane link, 1 per WAM
AAL2 signaling link, 1 per WAM
Common-NBAP, AAL5, 1 per BTS in Master-WAM
Dedicated-NBAP, AAL5, 1 per WAM

Logical model of WCDMA BTS


at Ran network level
RNC

O&M
relay

CNBAP

Transmission
Control

CNBAP

management, DCH
PCH /BCCH signaling
transmission

WCDMA BTS
logical
resource
manager

WCDMA BTS
O&M
Management

WCDMA BTS
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NOKIA

DNBAP

MS
signaling
User
WCDMA BTS Logical RACH/
data
FACH
resource and
DCH
channel

Logical connection
to Network
Management
AAL2 Signaling
System
Link(s)

WCDMA BTS
WCDMA
AAL2 BTS
AAL2
Signaling
Signaling

DNBAP

User
data
DCH

FP
Termination
Cell(s)
resource
manager
WCDMA BTSAP
Channel
Channel
Channel

DNBAP

MS
signaling
RACH/
FACH
DCH
signaling

User
data
DCH

FP
Termination
Cell(s)
resource
manager
WCDMA BTSAP
Channel
Channel
Channel

MS
signaling
RACH/
FACH
DCH
signaling

User
data
DCH

FP
Termination
Cell(s)
resource
manager
WCDMA BTSAP
Channel
Channel
Channel

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Sector
Not a logical / control object within BTS SW !
Several cells may be mapped to one sector e.g. 2+2+2
Sector carriers summed (WIC, WOC)
Do not mix sector with Supreme subrack!
Cell = one WCDMA 5 MHz carrier = WTR output
Consists of WSM, WTR(s), WPA(s), WAF + antennas
Up to 4 receiving antennas (SRC 4 - way diversity)
Referred as LCR (Local Cell Resource) in BTS: meaning LCR is one cell from system point of
view.
One to one mapping to RNCs Cell_ID (by TCOM)
Each cell has common channels (FACH, RACH, PICH)
One cell have two WTRs in case of 4-way diversity / SRC
In Roll Out configuration one cell consist of several sectors
Same TX to all sectors, separate RX from sector antennas

Architecture of Optima Compact RF Extension cabinet


Air IF
SR-bus

ST-bus

RR-bus

WAF

R-bus

WTR
WPA

RT-bus

WSP

WSP

WPA

WSP

WSP

WTR

WSP

WAF

Carrier
InterFace

T-bus

WSP

WSM

WAM

WSC

WAM

MAIN

WCI
WSC

DSC-BUS

REDU

WAF
WTR
WPA
WSP

WSP

WSP

WSP

WSP

WTR
WPA

WSP

WSM
WAF

WAM

WAM

AXU
AXU

DSC-BUS
Iub

WAF

IFU
IFU

WTR
WPA
WSM
WAF
WTR
WPA

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NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

WSM is used to support the 3rd sector and it is located in the transmission subrack

Architecture of Optima and Optima Compact


IBBU cabinet
Air IF
RR-bus

WAF

R-bus

WTR
WPA

RT-bus

WSP

WSP

WPA

WSP

WTR

WSP

WAF

WSP

WSP

WSM

Carrier
InterFace

T-bus

WAM

WSC

WAM

MAIN
WCI
WSC

DSC-BUS
SR-bus

REDU

ST-bus

WAF
WTR
WPA
WSP

WSP

WSP

WSP

WSP

WSP

WSM

WAM

WAM

AXU
AXU

DSC-BUS
Iub IF
IFU
IFU

38

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Architecture of Triplemode
BSC/RNC
TRX

2+2+2
GSM/EDGE
900/1800 MHz

DUX

M2X
TRX

DUX

1+1+1
WCDMA
(8W/carrier)

Other
BSs

TRS

TRX
M2X
TRX

TRX
DUX

M2X

WAF

TRX
WTR

WSC

WMP

WAF
WTR

Iub

WMP
WSM
WAF
WTR
WMP

39

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

M 2x -2 way receiver multicoupler


DUX - duplexer

W
SP

W
SP

W
SP

W
SP

DSC-BUS

W
SP

WAM

AXU

IFU

(RNC)

Example of Update path from Ran 1.5 to


Ran 2.0

40

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Release 1.5:1+1+1/ 20W


WAF

RX
RX

ANT2/1
WAF
20W per sector

ANT1/2

WTRA
TX

D
P
X

WPAA
LPA

WTRA
TX

D
P
X

RX
RX

ANT2/2
WAF
ANT1/3

WPAA
LPA

D
P
X

WTRA
TX
RX
RX

RX diversity selection and combining

ANT1/1

WPAA
LPA

ANT2/3

41

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Here is the configuration we can achieve in Ran 1.5 already. When upgrading to the
release Ran 2.0 we use the configuration 2+2+2. You can follow the next slide.
LPA: low noise power amplifier which is used in WPAA

Ran2.0 upgrade: Supreme 2+2+2, 20 W per carrier


from Ran1.5: Supreme 1+1+1
WPAC/D
50 W

ANT1/1
ANT2/1

WIC

WTR

WAF

WTR
TX
RX
RX

WPAC/D
50 W

ANT1/2

TX
RX
RX
TX
RX
RX

D
P
X

WAF
WPAC/D
50 W

ANT1/3
D
P
X

WAF

42

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

This slide shows the upgraded configuration in Ran 2.0.

2 WTRB,
3 WPA(50W),
3 WSMB.
Removed:
3 WSMA,

WTRB
TX
RX
RX
TX
RX
RX

WSMB

ANT2/3

WIC

Added:

WTRB

WSMB

ANT2/2

WIC

WSMB

TX
RX
RX

D
P
X

3-6 WAM,
1-18 WSPB,
3 WPS,
1 WSC,
1 AXU,
1-5 IFU

1 WTRA,
3 WPA(28W).

Ran2.0 upgrade: Supreme 2+2+2, 40 W


ANT1/1

WPA
WIC
50 Wfrom Rel1: Supreme 1+1+1 WTR

D
P
X

TX
RX
RX

WPA
50 W

WTR
TX
RX
RX

WAF
ANT1/2

WAF
ANT2/2

D
P
X

WAF
D
P
X

WAF
ANT2/3

D
P
X

WIC

TX
RX
RX
TX
RX
RX

WPA
50 W

WPA
50 W

WPA
50 W

3-6 WAM,
1-18 WSPB
3 WPS,
1 WSC,
1 AXU,
1-5 IFU

WTRB

Added:
2 WTRB,
3 WPA(50W),
3 WAF,
3 WSMB.

WIC

WTRB

TX
RX
RX
TX
RX
RX

WSMB

ANT1/3

WPA
50 W

WSMB

D
P
X

WSMB

D
P
X

WAF
ANT2/1

per carrier

Removed:
3 WSMA
1 WTRA.

WAF
43

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

This slides shows how you can upgrade from the 1+1+1,20W configuration to (Ran1.5)
to 2+2+2, 40 Win Ran2.0

BTS MANAGER

44

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

AXC Manager Features


With AXC Manager you can e.g.
commission the AXC node
create ATM cross-connections
monitor the node alarms
download and activate
new software
backup and restore
AXC node configuration
import network planning
files

45

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Nokia Ultrasite Site Support

46

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Nokia UltraSite Support Supreme

Dimensions:
WxDxH
770 x 790 x 1940 mm
770 x 850 x 1940 mm with extended door

47

CSU depth increased from up to 350 mm to up to 405 mm

Cabinet weight:
Empty: 120 kg approx
Maximum: 550 approx (770 kg approx in Extesion
Cabinet)

External operating temperature range -33C to +50C.

2 options for internal Heat Management


Air Conditioner
Heat Exchanger

IP55

NOKIA

Supreme

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Integrated Solution
Rectifiers, batteries and auxiliary equipment
integrated into the same cabinet
19 LTE space under heat management
Space for stand-alone AXC unit
Reduced site complexity & Optimised space usage

Support for Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS and UltraSite EDGE BTS
Cabinet design based on WCDMA UtraSite BTS family
Co-siting kits available for UltraSite EDGE BTS
Simplified site installation

Easy expansion to higher capacity


Modular design
Allows cabinet chaining

Power System Management

Remote message handling


Remote & automatic battery testing
Sophisticated alarm handling
Savings in operational costs

Heat Management System


Closed air flow for PDU, batteries and LTE space
Optional air-conditioner for tropical environment
Controlled environment for auxiliary equipment and battery compartment

Nokia UltraSite Support Optima

Dimensions:
WxDxH
770 x 790 x 1300 mm
770 x 850 x 1300 mm with extended door

48

CSU depth increased from up to 350 mm to up to 405 mm

Cabinet weight:
Empty: 100 kg approx
Maximum: 270 approx (620 kg approx in Extension
Cabinet)

External operating temperature range -33C to +50C.

2 options for internal Heat Management


Air Conditioner
Heat Exchanger

IP55

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Integrated Solution
Rectifiers, batteries and auxiliary equipment
integrated into the same cabinet
19 LTE space under heat management
Space for stand-alone AXC unit
Reduced site complexity & Optimised space usage

Support for Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS and UltraSite EDGE BTS
Cabinet design based on WCDMA UtraSite BTS family
Co-siting kits available for UltraSite EDGE BTS
Simplified site installation

Easy expansion to higher capacity


Modular design
Allows cabinet chaining

Power System Management

Remote message handling


Remote & automatic battery testing
Sophisticated alarm handling
Savings in operational costs

Heat Management System


Closed air flow for PDU, batteries and LTE space
Optional air-conditioner for tropical environment
Controlled environment for auxiliary equipment and battery compartment

EmPower 1100-8 (the Indoor solution)

Compact

Battery Back Up solution for indoor

UltraSite BTS (GSM-EDGE and WCDMA) and IntraTalk


BTS

49

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Max. 8,8kW integrated power supply system configuration


Possibility to expand to 17,6kW with the extension cabinet
Size 600 x 480 x 700 mm (W x D x H)
Batteries in a separate rack (600 x 600 x 900 mm)
Battery stand or wall installation
Can be installed up to 10 m from existing power system
PSM Hardware readiness with Q1IA (Q1 Interface Adaptor)

EmPower 1100-14
Compact Battery Back Up solution for indoor

UltraSite BTS (GSM-EDGE and WCDMA) and


IntraTalk BTS

50

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Max. 15,4kW integrated power supply system configuration


Battery 3 x 200A
Size 600 x 600 x 2000 mm (W x D x H)
PSM Hardware readiness with Q1IA (Q1 Interface Adaptor)

Nokia EmPower 1900-4

Compact Battery Back Up solution for indoor Talk

Family-, UltraSite GSM/GSM-EDGE- and UltraSite WCDMA


of BTS

51

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Max. 7,6 kW integrated power supply system configuration


Possibility to expand to 15,2kW with the extension cabinet
Size 600 x 480 x 600 mm (W x D x H)
Batteries in a separate rack (600 x 480 x 1000 mm)
Battery stand or wall installation
Can be installed up to 10 m from existing power system
PSM Hardware readiness with Q1IA (Q1 Interface Adaptor)

Nokia EmPower 1900-8

Compact Battery Back Up solution for indoor Talk Family-,

UltraSite GSM/GSM-EDGE- and UltraSite WCDMA of BTS

52

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Max. 15.2 kW integrated power supply system configuration


Size 600 x 600 x 1000 mm (W x D x H)
Batteries in the separate racks [either 600 x 600 x 1200 mm (WxDxH) rack or 600 x
600 x 900 mm (WxDxH)]
PSM Hardware readiness with Q1IA (Q1 Interface Adaptor)

Nokia Power System Management (PSM)


Enables real time power system
remote monitoring
Increased site information
improves operational efficiency

BTS+BBU/SiSS with Q1IA


adapter or integrated
CCUA controller

More reliable Site - Less Site


visits!

BSC/RNC

Available for Nokia power


systems

NMS/NetAct

Remote Connection

53

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Power system monitoring


- PSM enables power system remote monitoring via NMS/NetAct.
- PSM provide real time alarm/ power system management.
- NMS user can e-mail to site engineer e.g. alarm history or event log and engineer can connect to a
node remotely to check site without site visit.
- Provides an alternative to site visits by allowing remote monitoring and any alteration to the site's
operational parameters to be implemented by the Network Management System (NMS).
Operational efficiency
- Installing PSM reduces number of site visits.
- The reduced attention and un-planned site visits releases personnel for other tasks.
- Improved battery management, fault response, information management (logs, reports).
- Multiple access to site: locally at site, via node manager server, via network workstation, via remote
connection to node manager server, via NMS/2000 X-term.
More reliable site => more revenue
- Remote site monitoring allows an operator to evaluate the condition of a site without a site visit.
- PSM will reduce site downtime.
- PSM allows possible faulty critical components to be replaced in time.
Nokia Power System Management (PSM)
- Available for all Nokia power systems (HW available separately for older power systems, integrated in
both EmPowers and Nokia UltraSite family power systems).
- Main parts are power system controller, Q1IA adapter module or CCUA with Q1 interface unit.
- Is a common management tool for all Nokia power systems.

Features & Benefits of Nokia Power System


Management
Ensures a constant and cost-effective operation of power system and
thus provides a high quality service to a BTS sites
Offers more accurate information about power system and gives
opportunity to maximise the electrical efficiency of batteries and
charging system
Is a common management tool for all Nokia power systems and thus
provides better information, a better user interface and commonality of
information between different systems
Allows an operator to evaluate the condition of a site without
a site visit => PSM reduces the amount of site visits
Establish real time power system measurement/monitoring and
alarm monitoring

54

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Main PSM system elements


Power supply system control unit
Q1IA adapter module or CCUA controller unit with
Q1 interface unit
PSM Node Manager software (PSMMan)
NMS integration softwares

55

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

The following Nokia power system controller types are supported by PSM and the minimum required
controller SW version is in brackets:
-PCU10.48 for PSSS6000/6600 (SW ver N/A, only one SW version available)
-PSC1000 for Nokia BBU750/15001700/1900, EmPower1900/1900-8/1900-8B (SW ver 2.6)
-PCS for EmPower1100/1100-14 (SW ver 1.11)
-CSM for Extratalk II/II+, Extratalk Mini (SW ver 8.05)
-CCUA for all UltraSite family power systems (NUSS/IBBU/Optima Compact SW ver 2.1.0 ), (Optima
3.0.3)
PSM relese SW can be used only with Nokia BBUs/ SiSSs and it consist of an embedded SWs
(PSMMan, PSM/CCUA and BIOS).
NMS integration SWs are needed to integrate node manager server into NMS/2000 and e.g allow a
usage of PSMMan in NMS machine via X-term window. The X-term window is a function which
enables e.g node manger server display to be displayed on an NMS/2000 or terminal and enabling
operation and control of the remote system by use of the local terminal.

Site information & tasks via PSM


Real time power system monitoring/
measurement
Real time alarm monitoring
Identifications

Batteries
Rectifiers
Site
Heat Management
LTE

System commissioning
Battery test

Software download

56

NOKIA

Manually
Automatically (periodically)
Locally
Remotely

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Nokia Power System Management (PSM) allow user to monitor power system and its alarms in real
time either remotely or locally. At the same it is a common management tool for all Nokia power
systems. It also establish power system SW (if power system controller support this) or Q1IA/
CCUA embedded SWs to be upgraded remotely through network without doing site visit.
Battery test can be started either manually or periodically, period can be set as every x months or
after x days. All battery related paramters are adjustable like float voltage, boost charging settings,
battery disconnection limit etc.
In addition of systems using CCUA all systems equipped with Q1IA have to commission using PSM
own commissioning wizard to avoid communication errors between power system controller and
Q1IA/ CCUA. Commissioning wizard includes all the system, rectifier, battery and site related
information like serial numbers, product codes etc.
PSM improves maintenance efficiency that allows preventative maintenance and diagnosis of what
has failed and hence the correct spare part for any failure can be taken from stores to the site.

Nokia Base Station Antennas

Please, refer to the note pages

57

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

This slideset begins with an introduction to the antenna technology and its basic terms and theory.
Continuing with the Nokia antenna portfolio, including the Nokia RealTilt and ending with different
antenna types and solutions, including the antenna camouflage.
The main focus in this slideset is on the GSM, GSM EDGE and WCDMA/UMTS antennas.

Why Base Station Antennas?


Antenna System

The BTS antennas are

Downlink

- the sending element when


talking about the down link
signal (BTS to Mobile)
- the receiving element when
talking about the uplink signal
(Mobile to BTS)

Uplink

Mobile

- an important part of the whole


communication chain and
therefore only approved antennas
by Nokia should be used

Base Station (BTS)

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NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

-Its worth pointing out that if the antennas used in the network are not approved by Nokia, the quality
of the network service can go dramatically down because of Intermodulation, VSWR and/or Isolation
problems which causes interfering on the channels.

Panel antenna technology

Dipole (X-pol)
Dipole (V-pol)

59

NOKIA

Patch (X-pol)

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

The pictures showes the basic difference in the technology design used in the panel antennas of today

V-pol versus X-pol design

Vertical polarized antenna

X polarized antenna

- one feeder connector per antenna

- dipoles slanted +/- 45 X shape


- two feeder connectors per antenna

60

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

-V-pol: Vertically polarized (omni or a panel antenna), horisontal radiating angle normally 30-120
degrees for panels and 360 degrees for the omni, the dipole orientation is vertical, one connector
-X-pol: Cross polarized (panel antenna), horisontal radiating angle normally 30-90 degrees, the dipole
orientation slanted +/-45 degrees compared to V-pol, two connectors (+45 and 45 degrees)

Horizontal beam width


The comparision between different
antenna horizontal beam widths
65
90
3dB

105
120
360 (Omni)
The beam width for antennas are
given as the half-power beam
width, the 3dB point

61

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

As can be seen, the difference between the theoretical horizontal beam widths for the 90, 105 and
120 antennas are small, and in real use the topography and its reflections makes them more or less
equal.
The 3dB point, is the point where the output power from the antenna is reduced to half. (Each 3dB
step decrease the power by half)

Vertical beam width and Gain


to concentrate the radiated power into
the area around the horizon, half wave
dipoles are arranged vertically and
combined in phase
with every doubling of the dipoles
number
- the half power beam width
approximately halves
- the gain increases by 3 dB in the main
direction

62

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

The picture shows the changes in the vertical beam width and gain when going from one (/2)
dipole to eight (/2) dipoles.
The resonance frequency of the dipole is determined by its mechanical lenght, which is half of the
corresponding wave length
The relation between the frequency and the wave lenght can be calculated with the following
formula:
lamda (m) = 300 (the speed of light) / frequency (MHz)
Due to the sidelobes (near the antenna) the beam width is not halved exactly, when doubling the
amount of dipoles

Configuration of Cellular Networks


the network is divided into cells in a
honeycomb structure
sector sites with 3 cells of different
frequencies for a higher amount of
subscribers
smaller cells in high traffic areas like cities
and city centers
omni antennas for low traffic cells
the topography, the repeatability of the
frequencies and the antenna locations
influence the network planning

63

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

In a 3 sector site, three 65 antennas are normally used


In a 6 sector site, six 30 or 45 antennas are used
Omni antenna is used in a 1 sector site, giving a 360 coverage

Down tilting the Antenna


as a standard the vertical beam is pointing to
the horizon
Horizon

downtilting of the pattern provides the


following benefits
- the majority of the radiated power is
concentrated within the sector
- the reduction of the power towards the
horizon avoids interference problems with the
next sector

6dB
Horizon

best results when fieldstrength in the horizon


is reduced by 6 dB
selected downtilt angle depends on the
vertical half power beam width

64

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

To reduce the fieldstrength by 6dB the downtilt angle is smaller for an antenna which vertical beam
width is narrow, than for an antenna which beam width is wide (see the picture of different beams on
slide Vertical
Vertical beam width and Gain)
Gain)
When downtilting the antenna and the downtilt angle is big, then also the sidelobes should be taken
into account.

Mechanical down tilt


No real maximum tilt angle
Mechanical down tilt causes deformation in the
horizontal pattern
For a complete installation also clamps or a clamp
set is required

Mechanical
Down tilt kit
Clamp

Deformation of the
horizontal pattern
Clamp set

65

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

The mechanical DT-kit increases the upper distance to the mast, making the antenna pointing down.
An angle of up to 54 degrees possible with certain antennas.
Different mechanical DT-kits might require different clamps or clamp sets.
The requested downtilt angle is achieved only in the main direction (see pattern shape) causing a
deformation of the horizontal pattern shape.
The benefit using DT is that the radiated power can be concentrated within the sector and that the
reduction of the power towards the horizon avoids interference problems with the next sector

Adjustable Electrical Down Tilt


The Adjustable EDT antennas can be adjusted manually or remotely
Phase shifters provides variable phase distribution which in turn keeps the pattern
shape constant
Maximum Adjustable EDT range approx. 0-14 (normally 0-8)
For a higher downtilt angle a combination of the Mechanical DT and the Adjustable
EDT is recommended
Manual use

Remote use

Horizontal pattern
remains constant

66

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Manually you set the electrical down tilt by rotating the adjustment wheel which has a scale for the
tilt range.
The antenna is installed upright i.e. the antenna is not mechanically moved when tilting.
The fixed phase distribution applies to all azimuth directions electrical down tilt angle is constant
keeping the the shape of the horizontal pattern constant at all angles
Remote tilt adjustment requires optionally an Electrical Tilt Adjuster (ETA) to be fitted to the
mechanical interface of the antenna. The ETA is controlled by the Antenna System Controll Unit (ASCU).
The ASCU can be controlled locally by a PC or remotely by the Nokia NetAct Framework via the BTS.
-The benefit using DT is that the radiated power can be concentrated within the sector and that the
reduction of the power towards the horizon avoids interference problems with the next sector

Adjustable Electrical Down Tilt Design

tilted signal

Phase shifters for each dipole group provides variable phase distributions
For sidelobe control the dipole groups are fed with different power
The phase shifter design is based on capacitive coupling, to avoid IM-products

power
splitter

phase shifter

67

NOKIA

phase shifter

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Phase shifters provide continious downtilt angle adjustments.


The antenna is not mechanically tilted (the antenna is installed upright), the selected tilt is achieved
by rotating the adjustment wheel which in turn moves the phase shifters inside the antenna.
The phase shifters takes care of the electrical tilting by varying the phase delays (i.e. cable lenght) to
the dipoles.
By using capacitive coupling there is no risk for Intemodulation Products (IM) or limitation of the
lifetime of the Phase Shifter.

Dual Band Antenna

separate radiation elements for 1800MHz


and WCDMA
1800MHz dipoles interlocked between the
WCDMA dipoles
vertical dipole spacing one wave length
higher number of 1800MHz dipoles
higher gain
two feeder connectors per frequency band
4 connectors per antenna

68

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

The XX-pol antenna shown in the picture is a Dual Band GSM1800/WCDMA 65/65 degree antenna
without combiner.
If the antenna would be fitted with an internal combiner, the amount of connectors would reduce to
two, meaning that both frequency ranges (in this case GSM1800 and WCDMA) would be connected to
the same antenna connectors.
Also Dual Band antennas available where the upper band is Wide Band (1710-2170MHz).

The benefit using Dual and Triple Band antennas

Instead of mounting three or two antennas,


only one antenna is required, per sector

69

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

The benefit in using only one Dual Band or one Triple Band antenna on the site per sector instead of
three respectively two is that the mounting space required is extremely reduced.
By using only one Dual or Triple Band antenna even the amount of feeders can be minimized by using
diplexers or triplexers.
Regulations might allow only one antenna to be installed at the site in city areas.

BTS Antennas in the Nokia portfolio


Antennas for the following cellular systems
UMTS / WCDMA
GSM and GSM EDGE
Tetra (a limited selection)
Main types available are 33/45, 65 & 88/90 Panel
antennas with adjustable electrical down tilt and Omni
antennas
All main types with a selection of 2-4 different gain versions
Antennas for Single, Dual, Wide or Triple Band use
Smart Radio Concept (SRC) antennas

70

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Antenna types
-Single Band: Antennas for one cellular system (ex. 1710-1880MHz)
-Dual Band: Antennas for two different (or twice the same) cellular systems (ex. 824-960/17101880MHz or 1710-2170/1710-2170MHz)
-Broad (or Wide) Band: Antennas that covers more than one cellular systems (ex. 1710-2170MHz)
-Triple(or Tri or Multi) Band: Antennas for three different cellular systems (ex. 824-960/17101880/1920-2170MHz or an antenna with one lower band with twice the same upper band ex. 824960/1710-2170/1710-2170MHz)
Nokia Smart Radio Concept (SRC)
-Similar as two separate antennas side-by-side, but in the SRC case within one radom. Its a Dual Band
antenna with twice the same wide frequency band (1710-2170MHz) for optimizing the use of space
diversity with one antenna.
-Improvements when using the Nokia SRC:
- The coverage is improved 2.5-3.0 dB on the uplink side
- The capacity is increased by 75% on the down link side
-The SRC-antenna can also be used as a dual band antenna for two separate cellular systems (ex. 1800
and UMTS).
Frequency band for some cellular systems:
-UMTS/WCDMA: 1920-2170MHz
-GSM1900: 1850-1990MHz
-GSM1800: 1710-1880MHz
-GSM900: 890-959MHz
-GSM800:
-Tetra: 380-430MHz or 806-869MHz

Antenna Line for 1 Sector, Single Band


TX/RX antenna
for the used frequency band
UMTS: 1920-2170MHz
GSM 1900: 1850-1990MHz
GSM 1800: 1710-1880MHz
GSM 900: 890-960MHz

2 RF feeders/sector
RX diversity used

BTS

71

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

One single (X-pol) antenna per sector used when having only one cellular system
The configuration is TX/RX + TX/RX div (diversity)
For a remote controll of the adjustable electrical down tilt (AEDT) one Electrical Tilt Adjuster (ETA) is
required, if the mechanical interface exist.
Frequency band for some cellular systems:
-UMTS/WCDMA: 1920-2170MHz
-GSM1900: 1850-1990MHz
-GSM1800: 1710-1880MHz
-GSM900: 890-959MHz
-GSM800:
-Tetra: 380-430MHz or 806-869MHz

Antenna Line for 1 Sector, Wide Band

2 RF feeders/sector
no need for diplexers
at the antenna end due
to wide/broad band elements
RX diversity used
Diplexer

GSM
1800

72

NOKIA

TX/RX antenna
for GSM1800/GSM1900/UMTS
(1710-2170MHz)

Diplexer

UMTS

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

One wide band (X-pol) antenna per sector used when having one or two cellular systems at the site,
combined to one antenna.
If more than one cellular system is configured to be used in the same antenna, then they are to be
combined with a diplexer.
The configuration is TX/RX + TX/RX div (diversity).
For a remote controll of the adjustable electrical down tilt (AEDT) one ETA is required. The tilt is
adjustable in common for both bands.

Antenna Line for 1 Sector, Dual Band (SRC)


1800 MHAs

WCDMA MHAs

TX/RX antenna
for two times Wide Band
(1710-2170/1710-2170MHz)

Bias-T with DC-block

Diplexers

With external diplexers


2 RF feeders/sector
Rx diversity used

MHA DC-feeds
from BTS

Diplexer

GSM
1800

UMTS

The Nokia Smart Radio Concept can be


used with this antenna, if all four
ports are used for the same frequency
band

DC-blocks for
multi-MHA use

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WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

One SRC-dual band (XX-pol) antenna per sector used when having two cellular systems at the site,
combined to one antenna or using the Nokia Smart Radio Concept (SRC) for one cellular system.
The amount of feeders used are 4 per antenna or 2 per antenna if diplexers are used.
The configuration is TX/RX + TX/RX div (diversity) per wide band element when two separate cellular
systems.
The configuration is TX/RX + TX/RX div + RX div + RX div when SRC.
For a remote controll of the adjustable electrical down tilt (AEDT) two ETAs are required. The tilt is
individually adjustable for each band.

Antenna Line for 1 Sector, Triple Band


TX/RX antenna
for 900/1800/UMTS
Triplexers

With external
triplexers
2 RF feeders/sector
RX diversity used

Without triplexers
6 RF feeders/sector
RX diversity used

Triplexers

GSM
900

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NOKIA

GSM
1800

UMTS

GSM
900

GSM
1800

UMTS

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

One triple band (XXX-pol) antenna per sector used when having three cellular systems at the site
combined to one antenna.
The amount of feeders used are 6 per antenna or 2 per antenna if triplexers are used.
The configuration is TX/RX + TX/RX div (diversity) per band
For a remote controll of the adjustable electrical down tilt (AEDT) three ETAs are required. The tilt is
individually adjustable for each band.

Nokia RealTilt with NetAct


Antenna tilt is controlled remotely from within
the NetAct Framework by the user
In a later NetAct version, both antenna control
and optimal tilt calculation can be carried out
automatically by the Optimizer tool running
within the Nokia NetAct Framework, if required
NetAct

0 tilt

14 tilt

O&M data

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NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

The RealTilt Hardware (see next slide) will be available 4Q2002


Remote tilt controlled from the BTS element manager will be available in RAN2.0 (estimated 1Q2003)
Full integration into Optimizer and automated tilt functionaility will be available in RAN3.0
When building WCDMA networks, antenna tilt angle is a critical parameter to be considered during
network planning and network deployment . Inaccuracies in the initial network plan or adjustment
errors during the antenna installation result in the need to reset the antenna tilt angle. In addition, as
new cells or new sites are added, there is a need to readjust the tilt angle of several sites at a time.
Very dramatic changes in traffic density can occur within a very short period due to sports events,
trade fairs etc. Under these circumstances it is essential to be able to dynamically adjust antenna tilt
angle to direct the signal towards the area of high traffic density.
RealTilt offers complete flexibilty in antenna tilt adjustment. From the network management system
Nokia NetAct the user can monitor and adjust antenna tilt angle. By using dominance area maps and
Key Performance Reports which show the effect of tilt on the network, the optimal tilt angle can be
calculated and visualised. Future releases will enable automated tilt which will use sophisticated
algorithms to calculate the optimal tilt angle and adjust the antennas accordingly. The user will be able
to control the level of automation applied when tilting the antennas.
Operational savings are derived from the reduced effort in analyzing the optimal antenna tilt angle
and elimination of the need to visit sites to carry out the tilt adjustment. Capital savings are derived
from the fact that optimising the existing infrastructure postpones the addition of extra cells or sites
when the load density increases.

Nokia RealTilt

O&M Center

Nokia RealTilt is a fully integrated


solution which enables the
optimization of WCDMA networks
by adjusting antenna tilt angle
remotely from the network
management system, Nokia NetAct

Antenna

ETA

Splitter
ASCU

Additional
control cable

BTS
Feeder lines

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WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

-ASCU Antenna System Controll Unit (at the BTS). Max. 9 ETAs can be controlled by one ASCU.
-ETA Electrical Tilt Adjuster (at the Antenna)
-Splitter A 1:3 splitter when more than one ETA is to be controlled by the ASCU
-Control cable for the power supply (28VDC) and signal controll (RS485) to the ETA
-Connection from the ASCU to the O&M Center via Ethernet

Antenna camouflage

Hidden

Painted
Integrated

77

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Camouflage is coming more and more in to the picture when coverage should exist
but the antennas should not be seen in the environment ...
NOTE: Antennas from the Nokia portfolio can be used, but the camouflage work to
be done by a subcontractor.
Pictures shown:
Omni antenna integrated on top of the onion tower
Hidden antennas in a artificial chimney Cover construction of glasfibre and
painted
Perfect matching in the environment by painting the antenna radome
For painting the antenna normally available commercial paints consisting of one or
two components are suitable. Paints with metallic effects or metallic components
are not permissible.

Nokia WCDMA MastHead Amplifier


System

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WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Why to use Mast Head Amplifier

System NF (dB)

7.0
6.0

M
ut
o
h
it
W

5.0
4.0

HA

1 dB improvement in
system Noise Figure
typically means 10 %
less sites in uplink
limited WCDMA
network

The curves have been derived by


using Friis' formula for cascaded
stages, with the following
assumptions:
Antenna filter unit WAFA
Gain 18 dB
NF
2.2 dB

With MHA

3.0

MHA for WCDMA


Gain 12 dB
NF 1.8 dB

2.0
1.0
0

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NOKIA

4
6
Feeder loss (dB)

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

10

Nokia WCDMA Dual MHA

80

NOKIA

Gain
Noise Figure

12 dB
1.7 dB

Dimensions
Weight

230mm x 125mm x 115mm


6 kg

Connectors
Sealing

7-16 female
IP 65

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Noise Figure is the max at room temp, max over operating temp is 1.9dB

Nokia WCDMA Mast Head Amplifier Features


Considerable increase in system sensitivity, even with small
cable losses (>1.5 dB)
->bigger cells, less sites, higher indoor location probability

Extends the battery life time of mobile terminals

-due to increased sensitivity mobiles can transmit at lower power

High reliability

-Excellent MTBF (600 000 hours)

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WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Third party MHAs tpically need an external Power Distribution Unit and cables, also alarms have to be
routed through the external alarms interface

Nokia Mast Head Amplifier block diagram


BTS

ANTENNA
Internal
BIAS
TEE

TX FILTER
BYPASS PATH

RXin FILTER

RXout FILTER

DC CURRENT

Current Sense, Bypass & Alarm Control Circuit

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WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

In case of MHA failure the signal is routed through the by-pass path, thus allowing the cell to operate
(with degraded performance)

WCDMA Bias Tee


Feeds the power to MHA through feeder line
Handles MHA and VSWR alarms
BTS port

Alarm out
DC pwr in

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NOKIA

Fwd. power
coupler

DC block
(capacitor)

Rvrs. power
coupler

ANT port

Broadband detectors
level comparators
alarm-sense logic

RF choke
(inductor)

Lightning
protection

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) measurement is integrated in the WCDMA BiasT.
At the moment VSWR monitoring can be performed on TX antenna line only.
Pure Rx diversity antenna can not be monitored now - "Comparing RSSI (received signal strenght
indication) Value" will do it in later software releases
The fixed VSWR thresholds are as follows:
VSWR 2.6 or lower:
VSWR greater than 2.6:

antenna operation OK
indicates antenna fault

An alarm is generated in case of antenna fault when VSWR threshold exceeded.


raised in the O&M system and the affected TRXs turned off.

-> alarm

VSWR is designed to detect major faults in antenna line, not to be a high accuracy measurement
feature
- Note a big RL difference between the antenna line with MHA (e.g.15 dB) and without MHA (e.g. 20
dB)!
- 'Call drop rate' and 'Handover success rate' are still good referencies to make sure antenna line is OK

Nokia Antenna Line

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WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Nokia Antenna Line Products


Complete antenna line
with guaranteed
performance
Excellent IMD and return
loss characteristics
Capable of broadband
operation
With Nokia Antenna
System Co-Siting
products it is possible to
combine different
frequencies/BTSs into a
single feeder

85

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WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Nokia Antenna Line products are manufactured to meet demanding electrical and environmental
specifications and they have been field proven in numerous networks around the world.
IMD= intemodulation distortion

Antenna line products cover all the relevant GSM/WCDMA frequencies.


Most products cover the frequency range of 800-2200MHz.
Co-siting products:
Diplexers combine different frequency base station outputs into a single antenna cable
900/1800MHz, 800/1900MHz, 900/WCDMA, 1800/WCDMA
Triplexer 900/1800/WCDMA
Multi-band DC stop for using Diplexer & MHA together
applications with all diplexers and triplexer
Multiband antennas with internal diplexers
Hybrid Combiners combine same frequency base station outputs into a single antenna cable
900 MHz
900 MHz, 1800MHz Metrosite

Diplexers
WideBand diplexer (singe and double unit)
Lower Band = 800 to 1000 MHz
Upper Band = 1700 to 2170 MHz
DC pass function to MHA (1000mA)
IP 65
Compact, Lightweight
126 x 274 x 28 mm,
1.7 kg w/ mounting bracket

RF Performance
Insertion loss

0.3 dB

Isolation

50 dB

Return Loss

21 dB

Passive Intermodulation
Any RX Band

-159dBc
Rated Power

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WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

GSM 900

250 W avg.

GSM1800 / WCDMA

150 W avg.

Diplexers
GSM1800/WCDMA diplexer
(single and double unit)
Lower Band = 1710 to 1880 MHz
Upper Band = 1920 to 2170 MHz
DC pass function to MHA (1000mA)
IP 65
Compact design, 216 x 315 x 55 mm, 3.4kg
RF Performance
Insertion loss

0.3 dB

Isolation

50 dB

Return Loss

21 dB

Passive Intermodulation
Any RX Band

-159 dBc
Rated Power

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NOKIA

GSM 1800

240 W avg.

WCDMA

40 W avg.

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

Triplexers
GSM900/GSM1800/WCDMA Triplexer
Used to combine base station TRXs of three different frequencies
to a single feeder cable
Bands: Lower = 880 to 960 MHz
Middle = 1710 to 1880 MHz
Upper = 1920 to 2170 MHz
DC pass function to MHA (1000mA)
IP 65
Compact design, 251 x 318 x 60 mm, 4.8kg
RF Performance
Insertion loss

0.3 dB

Isolation

50 dB

Return Loss

21 dB

Passive Intermodulation
Any RX Band

-159 dBc
Rated Power

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NOKIA

GSM 900/1800

240 W avg.

WCDMA

40 W avg.

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

GSM 900 BTS

WCDMA BTS
GSM 1800 BTS

DC Stop
Works together with Bias Tee to prevent the DC supply
to MHA from shorting to ground Via the antenna or
base station output / input
Installed on diplexer port which is not connected to a
Bias Tee or the MHA
Small compact design
Practical installation
Reliable connection designed to withstand demanding
environmental conditions, IP 65 design
89

NOKIA

WCDMA BTS Overview / BTS PCT/Version 2.0

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