WIRELESS RF CONTROLLED LPG DETECTING

ROBOT FOR UNDERGROUND AND MINING

APPLICATIONS

A project report submitted

in partial fulfillment of requirements of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in

Electronics and Communication Engineering

by
M.PRATHYUSHA

(11K41A0486)

G.JASWITHA

(11K41A0469)

A.KRISHNA MOHAN REDDY

(11K41A0462)

V.KARTEESH KUMAR

(11K41A04B8)

Under the Guidance of

MD.MEER MAHABUB ALI

&
Mr. J.Ravichander
of ECE Dept.

SR ENGINEERINGCOLLEGE
(Affiliated to JNTU, Hyd., Accredited by NBA, New Delhi.Approved by AICTE, New Delhi.)

Anantasagar (v), Hasanparty (m), Warangal-506371

1

SR ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Anantasagar, Warangal.

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work entitled WIRELESS RF CONTROLLED

LPG DETECTING ROBOT FOR UNDERGROUND AND MINING APPLICATIONS
is being submitted by M.PRATHYUSHA,G.JASWITHA, A.KRISHNA MOHAN
REDDY, V.KARTEESH KUMAR in partial fulfillment of the requirement of Bachelor of
Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering for the academic year 2014-15
under our guidance and supervision.

HOD
Department of ECE
SR Engineering College
Ananthasagar, Wgl

Guide
Department of ECE
SR Engineering College
Ananthasagar, Wgl

Co-Guide
Department of ECE
SR Engineering College
Ananthasagar, Wgl

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The task of completing a project and submitting a precise report with satisfaction
would be incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible and whose
constant guidance and encouragement crowns all the efforts with success. They are
responsible in leading this work to its fruitful endeavour.
We wish to take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude and deep sense of
respect to our Principal, Dr. C.V.GURU RAO, for making us available all the required
assistance, support and inspiration to carry out this project in the Institute.
Our sincere thanks to Dr. SYED MUSTHAK AHMED professor & HOD,
Department of E.C.E, S.R Engineering College, for his kind support throughout.
We express our deep sense of gratitude to Mr. MEER MAHABUB ALI our
internal guide, for continuously helping and giving valuable suggestions.
We are thankful to our guide Mr. J.RAVICHANDER for his constant motivation
and for standing by our side all through the implementation of the project. His technical
guidance expertise and immense help have largely contributed to the success of the project.
We would also like to thank our friends and family members for their valuable
co-operation.

ABSTRACT
The advent of new high-speed technology and the growing computer Capacity
provided realistic opportunity for new robot controls and realization of new methods of
control theory. This technical improvement together with the need for high performance
robots created faster, more accurate and more intelligent robots using new robots control
devices, new drives and advanced control algorithms. This project describes a new
economical solution of robot control systems. The presented robot control system can be used
for different sophisticated robot applications.
The aim of the project is to design an automatic robot which is capable of detecting
LPG in mining and other underground applications. This project uses the wireless RF
technology. The objective of this project is fulfilled by employing RF module, a
microcontroller, two DC motors for direction control, and an electrical interfacing between
the different modules of the project and the controller. The electrical interfacing between
different peripheral is necessary to satisfy different electrical parameters.
This is an interesting robot, which can detect the LPG and alerts with audible buzzer
sound. This can be moved forward and reverse direction. Also this robot can take sharp
turnings towards left and right directions. A high sensitive LPG detector is fixed to this robot.
When the robot is moving on a surface, the microcontroller sends a signal to buzzer circuit
when LPG is detected. Thus this project is very much useful in the places like mining or other
applications to detect the leakage or the presence of LPG thereby decreasing the humanloss
and the property loss.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sl No.

Contents

Page No.

List Of Figures

vii

List of Tables

ix

List Of Acronyms
1.

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Overview

1.2 Problem Outline

1.3 Proposed Idea

WIRELESS RF TECHNOLOGY
2.1 What is wireless?

2.2 Wireless communication

2.2.1 what is wireless communication?

3.

2.3 Wireless Network

2.4 Radio frequency

2.5 Radio Communication

2.6 RF Module

10

IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS GAS

11

(LPG) IN UNDERGROUND APPLICATIONS

3.1 Mine Gases

11

3.2 Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG)

11

3.3 LPG Composition and characteristics

11

3.4 Gas detection sensors

14

3.5 Emergency plans, procedures

4.

16

3.6 LPG detection using MQ-2 sensor

17

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND

20

DESIGN APPROACH
4.1 Block diagram

20

4.2 PIC microcontroller

21

4.3 PCB

23

4.3.1 Types of PCB

23

4.4 RF Transmitter STT433

24

4.4.1 Operation

25
5

4.4.2 Features and applications

4.5 RF Transmitter STR433

26

4.5.1 Operation

26

4.5.2 Features and applications

27

4.6 Voltage regulator

25

27

4.6.1 LM7805

27

4.6.2 LM7812

28

4.7 Driver IC L293D

29

4.8 Encoder HT12E

29

4.9 Decoder HT12D

30

4.10 Gas sensor MQ-02

31

4.11 Buzzer

33

4.12 LED

33

4.13 Bridge Full Wave Rectifier

34

4.14 Battery

35

4.15 Capacitor

35

4.16 Resistor

36

WORKING OF RF MODULE

37

5.1 Interfacing of RF Module with PIC

37

5.2 How do RF Transmitters and receivers work

37

5.3 Circuit Implementation

38

5.3.1 Power supply circuit

39

5.3.2 Transmitter circuit diagram

39

5.3.3 Receiver circuit diagram

40

RESULT ANALYSIS

42

CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE

45

APPENDIX

47

BIBILIOGRAPHY

53

LIST OF FIGURES
Fig no.

Name of figure

Page No.

1.1

modern example of embedded system

2.1

wireless communications

3.1

chemical composition of LPG

12

3.2

MQ-2 sensor

17

3.3

internal structure of gas sensor

18

3.4

ceramic sensing element

18

4.1

transmitter

20

4.2

receiver

20

4.3

PIC16F877A

21

4.4

pin diagram of PIC16F877A

22

4.5

single sided PCB

24

4.6

RF transmitter STT433

25

4.7

RF receiver STR433

26

4.8

LM7805

28

4.9

LM7812

28

4.10

pin diagram of L293D

29

4.11

pin diagram of HT12E

30

4.12

pin diagram of HT12D

31

4.13

MQ-2 gas sensor

31

4.14

sensitivity characteristics

32

4.15

Buzzer

33

4.16

LED

34

4.17

Bridge rectifier

35

4.18

Hi battery

35

4.19

Capacitor

35

4.20

Resistor

36

5.1

power supply circuit

39

5.2

transmitter circuit diagram

39

5.3

receiver circuit diagram

40

6.1

remote control

42

6.2

transmitter section

43

6.3

receiver section

44

LIST OF TABLES
Table No.

Table name

Page no.

2.1

Radio frequency spectrum

3.1

properties of LPG

12

3.2

technical specifications of LPG

13

3.3

semiconductor gas sensors

15

4.1

features of PIC

22

4.2

pin description of LM7805

28

4.3

Electronic characteristics of MQ-2

32

LIST OF ACRONYMS
LPG -

Liquified Petroleum Gas

CO -

Carbonmonoxide

PC

Personal Computer

RF

Radio Frequency

GPS -

Global Positioning System

IR

Infrared

AM

- Amplitude Modulation

FM

Frequency Modulation

CDMA -

Code Division Multiple Access

GSM

Global System for Mobile

OSI

Open System Interconnection

OSHA -

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

CNS

Central Nervous System

PCB

Printed Circuit Board

PIC

Peripheral Interface Control

OOK

On Off Keying

LED

- Light Emitting Diode

ASK

- Amplitude Shift Keying

TE

- Transmit Enable

I2C

SPI

- Serial Peripheral Interface

Inter Integrated Circuit

DTMF - Dual Tone Multi Frequency

TTL

Transistor Transistor Logic

10