TEMPAT LATIHAN

GERBANG SELATAN BERSEPADU

Lot 20882, Jalan Tengku Azizah,
Bukit Chagar, 80300 Johor Bahru,
Johor, Malaysia.

HII HOW NGUONG

821106-13-5455
AA010142
Tahun 4 Sarjana Muda Kejuruteraan Awam (SAW)
LATIHAN INDUSTRI SESI 2005
( 04/04/2005 12/06/2005 )

REPORT
INDUSTRY TRAINING

Prepared By

: HII HOW NGUONG

Supervisor:

__________________________

( Mohd Johari Bin Ghazali )

PROJECT ENGINEER
Projek Gerbang Selatan Bersepadu,
Lot 20882, Jalan Tengku Azizah,
Bukit Chagar, 80300 Johor Bahru,
Johor, Malaysia.

Acknowledgement
First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisor, DR. Salihuddin Radin Sumadi
who had taken a lot of efforts to meticulously go through my report and came up with
helpful suggestion. Without helping from him, i surely came into deep problem in
completing this report.

Secondly, i would like to acknowledgement my thanks to Mr. Shaharudin Bin

Johari as Senior construction manager, for his cooperation and endless patience in letting
me shadow him around during fieldwork. His cooperation indeed make my work
became easier and faster.

Besides, I would like to extend my gratitude too, to the organization, Gerbang

Perdana Sdn. Bhd for their kindness and their trust giving me the chance to have my
practical training in there. And at the same time, I would like take the change here to
express my deeply thankful for Mr. Mohd Johari Bin Ghazali, as project Engineer who
had taken a lot of effort to go through my daily site report and answering all my doubtful
concern around field work. Never forget too, I would like too, give my heartily and
thousand thank to En. Mohd Zuki Deraman, who was respected senior site supervisor.
He didnt border answer my each question when I am ask for problem or detailing on
construction even he busy with his work.

Finally, i would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my family, friends and

also lecturer for their support, constructive suggestion and also criticism.

Title

Pages

1.0

Preface

2.0

Company Profile

2.1

General

2.2

Board of Directors

2.3

Project Gerbang Selatan Bersepadu

3.0

Responsibility for Practical Trainer

4.0

Method of Construction

10

4.1

Earth Work

10

4.2

Mackintosh Probe Test

12

4.3

Sand Replacement Test

13

4.4

Anti Termite

15

5.0

6.0

Structure Work

17

5.1

Damp Prove Membrane and Lean Concrete

17

5.2

Formwork Work

19

5.3

Steel Reinforcement

23

5.4

Concreting

28

5.5

Slump Test

35

5.6

Cube Test

36

Architectures Work

39

6.1

Brick Laying

39

6.2

Plastering

41

6.3

Floor Screeding

43

7.0

Safety & Access

45

8.0

Plant

48

9.0

Recommendation

51

10.0 Conclusion

52

Appendix

53

1.0 PREFACE

alaysia is a dramatically developing country. Within this twenty years, there

are many high-tech structure kept being built up. As Vision 2020 which claim
to make transform Malaysia to become an industrialize country by the year

2020, developing pace has been increase to make sure the vision become true.
Meanwhile, as the globalization challenges gradually become greater and greater every
day, more and more technology that has been developed.
As students of civil engineering, there is no doubt we have to deals with
construction. Theoretical knowledge and basic concept is no longer enough to prepare us
for future challenges ahead. Besides all these theoretical concept we learn does not
consider environment factor. There are thousand of potential problem causes by
environment which we could ever imagine of. How can we be sure if we are ready for all
these unexpected challenges?
So, this is why university has prepared this practical chance to us. Besides,
through this industry training, we can have a better insight into the reality of this field and
gain some picture about the potential challenge which we might face in the future.
Hoping we may have better prepare in facing future challenges, this training is being
carried out. Through this we have chances to meet some experienced engineers. We can
learn ways of solving problems, people to deal with, necessary precautions and even get
some precious advices from them.
This training will certainly benefit us as civil engineering students.

2.0 Company Profile

2.1

General
Gerbang Perdana Sdn. Bhd has incorporated in Malaysia under the Companies

Act 1965 on 28 September 1999. It is a special purpose company to undertake the

development of the Gerbang Bersepadu (GSB) Project. This project was awarded by
Government of Malaysia which involves the construction of a new Integrated Customs,
Immigration and Quarantine (CIQ) Complex connecting to new Road Bridge, a new
Railway Bridge, connecting roads and interchanges as well as utilities.

Currently,

GERBANG has a staff strength of 174 (as of January 2005).

Gerbang has an authorized share capital of RM50 million, comprising 39.1
million ordinary preference shares of RM1 each. The issued capital stands at RM18.4
million with a paid up capital of RM7.6 million.

Well, Gerbang is owned by a

consortium of three shareholders, namely MERONG MAHAWANGSA SDN. BHD

(Merong) which has occupied 60% of share, DRB-HICOM BERHAD (DRB-HICOM)
which has occupied 20% and the rest 20% was occupied by DETIK NAGASARI SDN
BHD.
MERONG MAHAWANGSA SDN. BHD a member of the IBEX Group of
Companies, under the able and charismatic leadership of Dato Yahya A Jalil. The
companies under the IBEX Group are involved in diversified activities which include
amongst others, infrastructure development, property development and investment
holding.
DHR-HICOM BERHAD was incorporated on 28 August 1990. It is a public
listed company on the Main Board of the Busa Malaysia (KLSE). DRB-HICOM is
highly diversified and is one of the largest conglomerates in Malaysia. Its subsidiary and
associated companies are involved in the manufacture of motor vehicles, finance,
transportation services, cultivation and marketing oil rubber, oil palm and coffee and
investment holding.
While DETIK NAGASARI SDN BHD is a subsidiary of the Berjaya Group of
companies. Up to date, the group has an approximately total of 20,000 employees, and is
a diversified entity engaged in financial services, consumers marketing, direct selling and
retaining, vacation time-share, travel, hotels & resorts development and management,
recreation development and management, property investment and development, gaming

& lottery management, food and beverages, industrial and investment holdings and
others.

2.1.1 Founder
Dato Yahya A.

Jalil has about 25 years experience in the

construction industry. He steers the IBEX Group of companies

(IBEX), having core business in construction and engineering such
as infrastructure and property development. He founded IC&E
Group Sdn. Bhd in 1991 and it is currently a Class A contractor
with an impressive project track record including the construction of multi-million ringgit
infrastructure and property projects such as the Aquatic Centre of the National Sports
Complex at Bukit Jalil, the Administration building for Phase 1 of the Projek Usahasama
Transit Ringan Automatik (PUTRA) LRT and toll plazas along the New Klang Valley
expressway and Projek Lebuh Raya Utara-Selatan.

2.2

Board of Directors

GERBANG has on its board of directors, professionals adept and honed by years
of experience in their chosen fields. The board is chaired by YBhg Tan Sri Razali Ismail,
who sits on the boards of many public listed companies and various non-listed
companies, a majority of which actively participate in the construction and engineering
industry.
Dato Yahya A Jalil is the Managing Director of GERBANG. Hand-picked to
jumpstart and spearhead the GSB project are directors Ir. Yoong Hai Shing and En.
Azahar Abdul Aziz, each having in excess of twenty years engineering and financial
management skills, respectively.
Other specialist on the Boars are YBHg Dato B. Bhaskaran Pillai and En. Amir
Salleh, representatives from DRB-HICOM, where as Mrs. Chock Eng Tah and MR.
Kong Seng Huat are the representatives for Detik Nagasari Sdn. Bhd. Mr. Anand Pon
and En. Kamal Hisham are also directors of GERBANG.

2.3

Project Gerbang Selatan Bersepadu

2.3.1 Project Brief

Gerbang Selatan Bersepadu is a national project undertaken by the Government of

Malaysia and managed by JKR Malaysia. Located in Bukit Chagar, Johor Bahru over an
area of 43 hectares, the Project includes the relocation of the existing Customs,
Immigration and Quarantine Complex to a new Integrated Customs, Immigration and
Quarantine (CIQ) complex facility, the replacement of a part of the Causeway with a road
bridge and a railway swing bridge and the construction of other related infrastructure and
amenities on a fast track basis.
Upon completion, this RM2.5 billion project of national and strategic importance
is expected to create an impressive landmark as an international gateway, improve the
traffic conditions in Johor Bahru and also benefit the nation in numerous ways.

2.3.2 Quick Facts about GSB

DESIGN CONSTRUCTION, COMPLETION AND COMMISSIONING
OF INTEGRATED CUSTOMS, IMMIGRATION AND QUARANTINE
COMPLEX; ROAD BRIDGE,RAIL BRIDGE AND ASSOSICATED
WORKS AT JOHOR BAHRU, JOHOR.

KLIEN

: JKR MALAYSIA

PROJECT DIRECTOR

: GERBANG PERDANA SDN. BHD

PROJECT SITE LOCATION

: Bukit Chagar, Johor Bahru

COMMENCEMENT OF WORK

: January 2003

PROJECT SITE AREA

: 107.410 acres

CIQ BUILD-UP AREA

: 57.39 acres

Current Progress for project

PROGRESS

MAR 2005

APR 2005

Overall

61%

63%

CIQ

75%

75%

JBS

34%

38%

Infrastructures

72%

75%

GSB

Gerbang Selatan Bersepadu

CIQ

Customs, Immigration & Quarantine

JBS

Johor Bahru Sentral

2.3.3 Project Team

Jabatan Kerjaraya Malaysia (JKR), led by YBhg Tan Sri Dato Ir Hj. Zaini Omar
as the Project Director, is managing this design and build contract. On site, a team of
JKR professionals ensure that the project is implemented in accordance to the scope,
quality, schedule and cost agreed upon. Gerbang Perdana Sdn, Bhd is the turnkey
contractor appointed to undertake this project.

In recognition of the extreme demands of the Project, Gerbang Perdana, led by its
Managing Director, YB Dato Yahya A. Jalil, has drawn down together experts from
various fields to form a strong and committed project team.

Technical Consultants
Architect

MAA Akitek

Planning Consultant

KLIA Strategic Planning Sdn Bhd

Civil & Structure

Hussein & k.h Chong Jurutera

Perunding Sdn Bhd

Bridges (Road BridgeHussein & k.h Chong Jurutera

Land & Marine Approach) Perunding Sdn Bhd
Quantity Surveyor

ARH Jurukur Bahan Sdn Bhd

Cable Stayed Bridge

(Design & Build)
Consultant

PJSI (Freyssinet PSC)

Mechanical & Electrical

SSP (E&M) Sdn Bhd

Roads & Interchange /

Water Mains

SMHB Sdn Bhd

Information
Communication
Technology

Waterside IT Solutions Sdn Bhd

Rail Track Consultant

KL Consult Associates Sdn Bhd

Environmental

Asia Pacific Environ. Consultants

Sdn Bhd

Landscape Architect

YZ Alliance Group Sdn Bhd

Hydraulic

HYDEC Engineering Sdn Bhd

Land Surveyor

Jurukur Sejati

Utility Detection

Electro Magnetic Detection

Services

Transport and Traffic

Studies

Perunding Trafik Klasik Sdn Bhd

Ventilation Specialist /
Fire Protection Specialist

Stephen Grubits & Associates

Road Safety Auditor

Perunding Sumber Reka

Geotechnical
Independent Checker

MIMM Resources Sdn Bhd

Structural
Independent Checker

T- Corp Engineers

Structural Independent
Checker (Cable-stayed
Bridge)

EMENEA Engineering Services

Lighting Specialist

NDY Light Sdn Bhd

Non-Technical Advisors
Financial Advisor

Commerce International Merchant

Bankers Berhad

Auditors & Tax Agents

Messrs Ernst & Young

Principal Banker

Affin Bank

Company Secretary

Ashcorp Consulting Sdn Bhd

Insurance Broker

1. MIT-PERINCIMA Insurance Broker

Sdn Bhd
2. Malene Insurance Broker Sdn Bhd

3.0 Responsibility for Practical Trainer

As for ten week I was in this project, Projeck Gerbang Selatan Berdepadu, indeed,
there were a lot of thing I had learnt from it. Many great and modern construction
technologies had been applied here and many practical work I can see here which only
always was being discuss in theory when lecturing. Needless to say, all staffs here are
kind enough. They will try their best to lend their helping hand when trainers are in
problem or having any doubtful.

Well, I had been arranged into building construction department which it will
manage all structures construction and architectures finishing work for this whole
practical period. So, it can say that I had been introduced to almost all construction work.
En. Shaharudin Bin Ghazali who was my supervisor and as senior construction manager
in this department had then arranged me go for CIQ main building work inspection for
the first three week. After that, I had passed my remaining practical time at drainage
construction area and Sewerage Treatment Plant (STP) which located at zone 14
according to site zoning plan. For information, this site had been divided into 14 zones
and most of the area was covered by CIQ main and ancillary building (Please refer to the
drawing which attached at Appendix).
I need go for inspection work on site every day where I take responsible to
besides learning from supervisor or sub contractor at there. Then, I need to submit my
dairy site report to my supervisor at the evening before I went home. And this process
was happened continuously for my whole practical period.

4.0 Method of construction

4.1

Site Office

Earth Work
When one project being introduced, first of all works for construction thus

absolutely will concern with the earth work. Needless to say, earth work therefore was
one of the most important criteria in construction. However, before any earth work being
carried up, one research named Site Investigation( SI ) which then will determine how the
earth work being carried up, need to be launched first.
Normally, Site Investigation will carry up by a group of Geologies specialist.
Through this research, we thus can have the adequate information for site assessment,

safe and economical designs of temporary and permanent works. We too, can have the
adequate information in planning and assessment of the best method of construction,
foresee construction difficulties and finding ways to mitigate the problems that might
delay the construction and installation. Thus, it then wills easier us to make the choice of
site and layout arrangement.
Besides, before any site clearing work started, a group of land surveyor will
appoint to check for the level of the proposed site area, marked it and lastly came out
with the plan which its level was refer to the TBM nearby. Only after these entire tasks, a
contractor can launch their site clearing job according to the plan. In this case, different
plant will be use for different condition, but somehow, excavator still was the best choice
in most condition as it can change the condition of earth surface in very short period. In
most case, stripping of top soil and filled back with approved soil need to be done too if
the level of stiff soil only can obtain far from the top surface of earth.
In this case, all backfilling need to be done in layers according to specification
and programme. For the backfilling work where was around the structure, all debris prior
to excavation need to be clear and all excess water had to pumped out first before any
backfilling work can start. The suitable soil which mean the soil which free from organic
matter and construction rubble then will be transport to site and spread and leveled into
loose layer by a combination of backhoe, backpusher and man power. The soil thus will
compact by either plate compactor or small double drum roller depending upon the
working room available. The thickness of the loose layers will vary from 100mm to
200mm depending on the type of plant used.
For the backfilling work done in open areas, the process will same as above going
on but for this time, 10 tonne single drum roller had being chosen when doing soil
compaction. The thickness of each loose layers however, can maximum to 250mm.
For ground beam construction, the soil below it need to be well compacted,
backfilled with suitable material and lastly a layer of crusher run need to be laid before
any construction work can start. Of course, to determine the degree of compaction
(DOC) can achieve the specified value, a test named Field Density Test (FDT) need to be
done on both layer of backfilled material and crusher run. This method will then same
applied in construction of non-suspend slab. While for suspend slab, however, test

needless to be done on both layer of backfilled. It is because all the loading later from
slab will be transfer and resist by beam which its loading do not supported by ground.
Generally, in the process of soil compaction, a test just as I mention above, Field
Density Test (FDT) need to be done and passed on each well-compacted loose layer
before backfill of next layer can going on. Normally, achievements of 95% compaction
need to be reach in order to have next layer of soil backfill and compaction.
Well, in order to know the bearing capacity of new backfilled soil before any
construction work started, Mackintosh Probe Test had to be carry out. This test somehow
will discuss further in following section. Earth work cannot consider be finish unless all
the excavation, cut and filled work had finished.

Soil compaction work when doing slab construction.

4.2

Mackintosh Probe Test

4.2.1 General
The main objective of this test to be carried out was to determine the bearing
capacity of the soil to withstand the loading and thus deciding either the use of deep
foundation or shallow foundation technology. This test however too, can give us the
approximate deep of foundation need to be achieved in order to withstand the applied
load.

4.2.2 Apparatus

The apparatus of this test consists of six important elements which are cone
penetrometer, coupling, drive head, 5 kg drop hammer and Stop which all sit on guide
rod. Each guide rod has diameter of 12mm, with 120cm long and having the marks
which each of them has different distance of 300mm.

4.2.3 Method
This test was started with raising and then releasing of the 5kg drop hammer
which sit on one end of the rod from specified height, 280mm after cone penetrometer at
the other end of guide rod had pointed to proposed test location. The process of raising
and releasing of drop hammer will repeat and the number of blow will record as the guide
rod had immersed every 300mm. This test will end as if it had achieved its maximum
blow which decided by consultant with three times continuously for following every
300mm.

4.3

Sand Replacement Test

4.3.1 General
As we know, Sand Replacement Test was one of the Field Density Test, which
used for determining the degree of compaction for one compacted soil layer. This test
too, can obtain the maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OPC)
of the sample and thus can achieve for maximum degree of compaction with known
quantity of water being used when doing soil layer compaction. As mention above,
normally the minimum degree of compaction need to be achieved was 95% for each
layer.

4.3.2 Apparatus
1. Filled calibrated sand density funnel cylinder

Calibrated Sand

Cylinder

Density funnel

Beg Plastic

2. Base plate with density ring

3. Beg Plastic
4. Hammer

Hammer

5. Chisel
6. Calibrated sand

Chisel

7. Ladle
Density Hole

4.3.3 Method

Base Plate

This test was begun with the selection of the suitable position and placing of the
base plate on it. Then, the technician starts to dig the density hole with 100mm depth
using the hammer and chisels through density ring on base plate (Please refer to picture
below). The sample which had taken out from density hole by ladle then being placed
into the beg plastic for bringing back to lab for further testing. At the same time, one of
technician at other side started to fill the calibrated sand into the cylinder and its initial
weight being recorded. That cylinder thus later wills being placed on the base plate when
the required depth for density hole had achieved (Please refer to picture below).
Cylinder only will be removed and its final weight recorded after the density hole
fulfilled with calibrated sand. Levels the top surface of the density hole and the extra
calibrated sand will take out by another ladle into another beg plastic. The beg plastic

which with sample must be tied and sealed to avoid evaporation of water from sample.
The degree of compaction (DOC) only will be known after a set of calculation using data
taken from sample.

Digging in process

Filling calibrated sand into dug hole.

4.4

Anti termite

4.4.1 General
Only for the area where below the building slabs, a layer of anti termite need to be
sprayed after a series of earth work and before any construction of structure going on. In
this project, spraying of chosen Chlorpyrifos Ai 38.7% on anti termite pest control
system had been applied to prevent infestation of termite into building.
Besides, this pest control system needed too, applied on excavated earth surface
prior to laying of sewer pipes and constructing manholes. All operators had to wear full
PPE with the additional equipment of mouth & nose filters, safety goggles, gloves and
with nearby first aid case stand by. At the same time, no other people are to be within 5m
of where the work is carried out.

4.4.2 Work sequence flow

Inspect area to
be sprayed.

Spray area.

To lean concrete
area sprayed.

Mix sufficient
chemical for the area.

Protect area from

elements.

Issue warranty when

work complete.

Pump
Anti termite
Apparatus for anti termite spraying task.

Anti termite spraying by technician.

5.0 Structure Work

5.1

Damp Prove membrane and Lean Concrete

After a layer anti termite had sprayed, one layer of damp prove membrane will be

laid before lean concrete casting on it. This layer of membrane can have high pressure
stability. It is highly resistant to water, alkalies, saline solutions and anorganic acids and
is not affected by mineral.

It is also resistant to bacteria, fungi and other small

organisms. But these all advantages too, depend on type and brand of membrane had
being used. Its main objectives was to prevent rising of oil, salts, acids etc from ground
and thus cause the problem of annoying discolouration to surface plaster on decorations
which not acceptable in living or storage accommodation..
On the other hand, normally the grade of the lean concrete has around Grade 15
and usually can mix by hand. However, in this project, all lean concrete was order from
batching plant and of course batching with proper mix proportion and concrete mixer.
The thickness of lean concrete was vary from 50 to 75mm depend on ground condition.

The main objective of lean concrete casting was to prevent the losing of water from fresh
concrete slab which will later placed on it to the ground and at the same time, keeping the
reinforcement bar from contact with soil. This layer of lean concrete later will become
functionless once the fresh concrete slab on it had hardened.
There are two way for casting lean concrete. The faster way which always
applied by contractor was using extend concept (Please refer to picture A). In this way,
the later finish concrete slab or beam area will then being extend out for around 30-50mm
on every side. This means that the volume of lean concrete later being used will increase.
But on the other hand, this method thus can have less support for the formwork of lean
concrete and can fast strip away the formwork after lean concrete had hardened which
then can make the fabrication and transportation of reinforcement bar on slab or beam
became convenient since no barrier around slab or beam. This indeed can accelerate the
process of work.
As for the second way, the fabrication of formwork for the lean concrete was also
used same with slab or column (Please refer to picture B).

This means that, the

formworks which for lean concrete are also for slab or beam and no twice time stripping
and fabricating of formwork required. At the same time, there is no extra lean concrete
volume needed. But, for this method, extra careful and repeat measuring need to be taken
upon formwork dimension and many extra support needed for formwork as can always
maintain its rigidity. At the same time, many inconvenient were caused when fabricating
and transporting the reinforcement bar. These thus will make the progress of work
become slower.

Formwork for slab or

beam later

Formwork for both lean

concrete and slab or beam

Slab or beam

Formwork for lean

concrete.

Picture A

Lean concrete

Slab or beam

Lean Concrete

Picture B

Lean concrete

5.2

Formwork

5.2.1 General
Part of the formwork for structure will started once fresh lean concrete had
hardened. While remaining part of the formwork will be done once all reinforcement bars
had installed. The formwork being used here were either plywood or steel metal faced
was depending on the formwork design or where the structural member is in the building,
and to the required final finish of the concrete, depending on the respective classes of
finish (F1 and F2) as stated in Specifications. According to contract, formwork for Class
F1 finish shall be constructed of timber, sheet metal or any suitable materials, which will
prevent loss of grout when the concrete is vibrated. While for formwork Class F2 finish,
it shall be faced with wrought tongued and grooved boards or plywood or metal panels
arranged in a uniform approved pattern free from defects likely to detract from the
appearance of the surface. In general, all formwork for square or rectangular column and
beam needed been plywood faced, timber backed and tied and strutted.

While for

circular column, will be custom made by metal steel circular moulds tied, strutted and
fixed.

Wood formwork construction.

Steel formwork

5.2.2 Formwork Construction

The construction of the formwork must at the correct position shape, profile and
dimensions as design and approved by the consultant. It need carried out according to the
requirements of the contract specification and drawings. The timber quality for the
formwork should be free from eyes and knots. At the same time, the timber quality need
be well seasoned.
Formwork need to have included all temporary or construction required for their
support. It held together by ties either internally or externally suing a tie & cone
(form-tie) system. Where required ties will permanently being placed in concrete and the
tie holes will be repaired/filled with a non shrink grout accordance with the
manufacturers and as per approval by E. R.
The formwork was then ensured to be sufficiently rigid and tight to prevent loss
of grout or mortal from the concrete at all stages of constructions and to maintain the
forms in their correct position, shape, profile and dimensions. Form ties, of course needed
to be inspected and approved by E. R before use for construction.
For embedded items in walls such as dowel bars, pipes and cast in bolts, will have
their positions marked on the formwork walls. Embedded item that protrude vertically
from the structure will be held in position by additional timber struts or plates placed on

the top of surface of the formwork. These struts or plates will act as a template for which
the anchor bolts or embedded items will be secured to prior to casting. Prior to casting a
survey check will be made on the built in items to make sure that they are in the correct
position and elevation.

Form tie

Patching with nonshrink grout.

Finishing surface because of using form tie

5.2.3 Formwork Cleaning

Before concreting, all forms need to have thoroughly cleaned out, free from
sawdust, except for permanent formwork be coated with approved non-staining form oil
(usually black motor oil being used or other approved material to prevent adhesion of the
concrete). Usually, they use water or compressed air or both when doing formwork
cleaning. The type of treatment of any lining (plywood, metal, plastic, etc) of the forms

need to be appropriated to the concrete finish required. At the same time, void formers
must be secured and adequately anchored to prevent movement or flotation outside the
limits specified, during the concreting operation.

5.2.4 Formwork Stripping

Non-staining form oil (Black motor oil)

form oil coating for formwork.

Formwork needed to be removed carefully so as Non-staining
not to damage
the concrete. The

awareness and agreement from S. O and site supervisor are needed when doing formwork
stripping. No further loads can imposed to the structure until the concrete have attained
sufficient strength to safety withstand such loads. In this case, the minimum periods
between concreting and the removal forms need be as per J. K. R Specification (Please
refer to Table below).

Vertical faces of beams, wall columns, piles, foundation

3 days

Pliinth and precast items.

Under of slabs

14 days

Under of beams

28 days ( minimum 21
days)

5.3

Steel Reinforcement

5.3.1 General
Normally, reinforcement work will start as soon as lean concrete had hardened.
But before reinforcement being transport to site, it should under run a series of testing
and approved by client. Reinforcement need to be placed and maintained in positions
indicated in the drawing, to the required tolerances. According to the contract, all
reinforcement binding wire were No. 16 gauge (0.16mm) son annealed iron wire to B. S.
1052 unless otherwise specified in drawing. All reinforcement needed stored in clean
and dry conditions. Of course, when placed in the works, it shall be clean and free from
loose rust, mill scale, oil, grease, paint and dirt. And all materials in this project are
complying with the following requirements.
1. Hot Rolled Mild Steel and High Yield Bars to M. S. 146.
2. Cold Worked Steel Bars to B. S. 4461.
3. Hard Drawn Mild Steel Wire to M. S. 144.
4. Steel Fabrics Reinforcement to M. S. 145.
5. Dowel Bars shall be plain round Bars to M. S. 146.

5.3.2 Cutting and Bending of Reinforcement

Bars shall be of their correct lengths and bent to the exact shapes required before
being fixed in the works. It shall cut or bent cold in bar bending machine or bar cutting
machine according to the length specified in drawing. Sometime, the angle of bar bent
would play the important role too especially when working with slope.

5.3.3 Fixing of Reinforcement

Reinforcement need be secured against displacement. In a member where the
nominal cover is dimensioned to the links, spacer between the links and formwork need
be the same dimension as the nominal cover. At the same time, all intersecting bars need
be tied together with binding wires by using wire bender and the ends of the wire need
turned into the main body of the concrete. Stirrups and distance pieces need be kept tight
to the bars they embrace or support and all reinforcement need be kept away from the
face of the concrete. Ghaul in construction site term which was in the L shape had
been used when bending two or more reinforcement bar at the same time. The usage of
this equipment really can boost up the reinforcement bending work if compare with usage
of pliers.

5.3.4 Splicing
Any laps and joints including bars, sleeving, threading and other mechanical
connection need be made strictly in accordance with the drawings and specification and
method approved by the S. O. Normally, the length of laps joint required in this project
was 45 multiply to its diameter.

5.3.5 Supporting Spacer Blocks

In this project, supporting spacer blocks required for correctly positioned will be
50mm x 50mm in plan size and thickness in accordance with the required cover. Soft
annealed tying wire will be placed in the spacer block. Spacer blocks will be made from
the same grade concrete used in the works. For the supporting between two layer of
reinforcement especially in slab, bar chair was needed with which bend by bar bending
machine with its height in accordance with the drawing.

Spacer block.

5.3.6 Welding and Reinforcement

Reinforcement in structure shall not be welded except where detailed on the

Drawing or required by Specification and shall be carried out in accordance with B. S
5135 and B. S 638. Besides, welded joint will not be made at bends in reinforcement and
a competent approved welder will perform all welding. The S. O will be informed in
advance of when any welding is to be carried. Welding will not be performed during rain
or other adverse conditions.

5.3.7 Inspection Criteria

The following instruction are serve as a guide for inspection for reinforcement but
it is not exhaustive :
A) Using of the drawing or Specification to inspect the following items: Number, sizes, spacing and type (low yield or high tensile of main
and secondary bars).
Anchorage and lap length.
Location of lap.
Concrete covers to slap, beams, and columns.
Span of mesh main cross wire on the right side up and in the
correct direction.
Number, sizes and type of links and stirrups.
B) The following items are a guide for checking beam reinforcement.
The main bars shall not be sagging.
Spacer bars need to provide between main and secondary bars as
required.
Longitudinal and transverse beams are to span in the correct
direction with the secondary beam bottom rebar resting on the
main beam bottom rebar.
Sufficient cover between reinforcement and box out or other
devices used for forming openings to avoid exposure of steel upon
stripping of box out.
C) The following items are a guide for checking slab reinforcement.
Mesh needed laid to structural fall for roof slabs, if indicated in
drawing.
Mesh need laid at the correct level.

 Bar chair used to support top mesh for the specified slab thickness
is not too far apart or the mesh may sag.
Lapping of mesh is usually not allowed at beam for top mesh and
at mid span of slab for bottom mesh.
D) The following items are a guide in checking Column and Wall
reinforcement.
Starter bars need to be installed for columns of which the sizes are
reduced.
Lapping length needed be sufficient for starter bars.
All starter bars shall be endured that it have been tied in the correct
location prior to concreting.

5.4

Concreting

5.4.1 General
Normally, concrete are supply directly from batching plants. In this GSB project,
due to large amount of concrete needed from time to time, one batching plant which
belonged to Buildcon Sdn. Bhd had been constructed near the site office. Concrete which
made from Portland cement is somehow most widely used as a construction material
nowadays because of its many favorable characteristics. For concrete, in general the
aggregate shall comprise both fine and coarse aggregate where the maximum of the
coarse aggregate shall be 20mm. The cement content shall not be below the minimum
specified for the grade of concrete where as the maximum free water/cement ratio shall
be the maximum water/cement ratio when the aggregate is saturated but surface dry. In
addition, the mixes shall be designed to produce targeted mean concrete cube strength at
28 days after manufacture and shall be greater than the characteristics strength at 28 days
by a margin of at least 7N/mm2. Before any concreting, the proposed design mix of all
grades of concrete to be used for the project is to be submitted by the concrete supplier to
the design engineer for approval. Trail mix can be carried out after the approval and the
design engineer has granted permission. Trial mixes for all relevant grades of concrete
shall be produced and tested on accordance with the method described in BS 1881. The
test cube samples obtained from the trial mix shall be tested for 7 days and 28 days
strength before the concrete can be used for site casting. The grade of concrete used later
on site must as specified as drawing and shall be conform to the requirements of the
contract specification. The following instruction and codes serve as guide for the control
of concrete quality but is not exhaustive:
BS 146

Portland Cement.

BS 882

Specification for aggregate from natural resources for

concrete.

BS 5328

Methods for specifying concrete, including ready-mixed

concrete.

BS 1881

Methods of testing concrete.

 BS 812

Grading of fine and coarse aggregate.

Batching Plant

5.4.2 Placing of Concrete

As just when ready-mixed concrete had arrived to site, the first two things must
do on concrete was slump test and sampling for cube test. But before that, the grades of
the concrete need to be check on the delivery order as if it is the grade which we order.
As if in theory, the concrete slumps for each truck shall be checked within the tolerance
failing with the concrete shall be rejected. But somehow, in practical, slump test did not
done on each truck, it done more on to randomly select truck. As in believe that batching
plant can mixed concrete very well and precisely, it is practical too by applying this
concept.
For all concrete incorporated in the works each batch will be placed and
compacted within 2 hours of adding the cement to the dry aggregates and within 45
minutes (or any other period time as approved by S. O if admixture is used) of adding
water to the cement and aggregate.
When preparing for concreting, all formwork and reinforcement will be clean and
free from standing water immediately before the placing of concrete. Formwork surface
is to be sprayed wet. Sometime, some cement will pour on standing water if those
standing water are less in quantity and hardly can remove. Concreting shall be carried

out continuously between and up to predetermined construction joints in one sequence of

operation.

Compaction will be achieved by internal mechanical vibrations (unless

otherwise agreed beforehand) and shall be thoroughly worked into the corners.
In the event of unavoidable stoppage in position not predetermined, the concreting
shall be terminated on a horizontal plane and against vertical surfaces by the use of
stopping off boards at a location agreed by the S. O. Concrete shall be deposited in
horizontal layers to a compacted depth not exceeding 450mm.

The surface of the

concrete will be maintained reasonably level during concreting.

Concrete will be transport to the formwork generally by one of the following
methods:
i) By crane and Skip. A suitable sized crane which normally was 25T for
mobile crane with a bottom opening concreteskip will life the skip from
the point of discharge of the concrete mixer truck to the location to be
poured, whereupon the concretors will discharge the concrete into the
formwork. Normally, the angel of swing for crane, the length from point
concrete collected from mixer to concrete discharge point and skilled or
the concretors will greatly influent the speed of concreting.

For

information, there are two type of skip which are usually used in
concreting. The one which was most frequently being used have volume
around 0.345m3 while the other one which only used when need to
discharge a large amount of concrete and only can used on 45T crane or
other more bigger crane have around 0.5m3.
ii) By Pump. A suitable concrete pump will be used to pump the concrete
from the point of delivery of the concrete mixer trucks by means of the
appropriate concrete pump hydraulic booms and in static rigid and flexible
hoses to the point of discharge, in the formwork. But normally, the slump
value of this type of concrete will rather high, around 170-200mm.
iii) By bucket. Sometime, excavator or backhoe can use to discharge the
concrete too. But in condition, their bucket must free from dust and was
clean enough. Applying of excavator or backhoe in discharging concrete
not only can save the cost for crane rent, but also can accelerate the
concreting work since excavator or backhoe can work faster than crane.

But this method only can apply if amount of concrete to be discharge are
small.
When concreting, concrete shall not be dropped into place from height
exceeding 1.5m to avoid any segregation of concrete. For formwork higher than 1.5m, a
chute or flexible tremie pipe system will be used down through the formwork so that the
concrete is not dropped more than 1.5m. As the concrete level rises during the pour the
tremie pipe system will raised accordingly and finally discarded when the concrete will
drop is less than 1.5m. Sometimes, for construction of the column which always higher
than 1.5m, several time of concrete casting may needed as if tremie pipe system hardly
can use. Besides, one more method also can be applied when concreting column which
had more than 1.5m height in which for this case temporary holes for discharging
concrete into the formwork will be form on column formwork with condition, the height
from ground to formation level of that holes cannot exceed 1.5m. That holes will then be
sealed when concrete had achieve the formation level of holes and concreting will then
continue discharged from top of the formwork with condition not exceeded 1.5m height.
A steel fixer will be available at the site of reinforced works during the
placing of concrete to reposition concrete works during the placing of concrete to
reposition any reinforcement, which may be displayed. No concrete shall be placed in
flowing or under water.
Besides, the concrete needed to be placed direct in the position in which it
remain and must not allowed to flow along the form especially using a vibrator to spread
concrete over a larger area. Vertical and horizontal rate of placing concrete which will
cause lateral pressure also need be controlled to avoid unbalanced loading on form. The
vibration and shock of arising from the movement shall be minimized in which the
consistency of the concrete have to be matched. In other word, the poker vibrator at
vibration of 4000 to 7000 cycles per minute is to be applied at 0.5m to 1m centers for 5 to
30 seconds, depending on the consistency of the mix, for stiffer mixes up to 1 minute
may be required.
While using the poker vibrator, it is encourage that gradually withdrawal of
the poker at rate of about 80mm per second so that the hole left by the vibrator closes
fully without air trapped. The vibrator shall be immersed through the entire depth of the
freshly deposited concrete and into the later below if it still plastic or can be brought

again to the plastic condition. With a lift of about 0.5m, the vibrator may not be fully
effective in expelling air from the lower part of the layer.
Lastly, the formwork need to be checked during and after concreting to detect
abnormal deflections or signs of failure. Any spillage found must be cleared up before
concrete had hardened.

5.4.3

Temperature Requirements
During hot weather, additional precautions shall be taken to prevent premature

setting and loss of water during placing of concrete in the formwork. These precautions
shall include:
9 No concrete having an internal temperature exceeding 330C will be placed.
9 Concrete shall not be placed in formwork or around reinforcement whose
temperature exceeds 360C.
9 Newly placed concrete will be protected from direct sunlight and from loss of
moisture by covering and shading.
9 No concrete will be placed when the air temperature at the points of deposition
exceeds 360C.

5.4.4

Protection of New Concrete

All concrete work will be protected from damage by shocks, overloading,

falling earth or flowing water.

5.4.5

Curing
Exposed concrete surfaces will be protected from the sun and rain after

pouring by plastic sheets. The concrete will be kept continuously damp by covering with
continually wet Hessian bags, or will have water impounded on them for not less than 5
days.
Generally, the common methods for curing can applied are:
1. Maintaining formwork in place.
2. Covering the surface with an impermeable material such as
polyethylene, which is to be well sealed and fastened.
3. Spraying the surface with an efficient curing membrane.

4. Covering the surface with a damp absorbent material.

5. By continuously or frequently application of water to the surface of
the concrete.

Fresh concrete covered with damp prove membrane for curing purpose.

5.4.6

Construction joint
The position and details of any construction joints will be submitted prior to

starting work. The joint will be at right angles to the general direction of the member.
At horizontal construction joints, 25mm gauge strips will be placed inside the
forms along all exposed surfaces ensure straight joints on those surfaces. The surface of
construction joint will be free from laitance and shall be roughened to the extent that the
coarse aggregate is exposed but not disturbed. Prior to the next concrete pour the joint
surface will be clean and damp but not wet. Immediately before new concrete is placed
against the joints a fresh rich cement mortar (1:2) shall be applied to the exposed surface.
This type of construction joints not only an act as semi water proof, but also can avoid
serious cracking upon on joint.
For beam, concrete shall be placed throughout without joint. If avoidable, the
joint shall be vertical and at the one third of a span due to zero moment always placed at

there. Concrete must run featheredge and vertical joints shall be form with a stop board
or hybrid mesh.
For thoroughly water proof, water stop may needed to be used in which it
normally installed at center of construction joint. Sometimes, kor-park filler will also
being used at construction joint for expansion purpose.

Water stop

Water proofing construction joint.

5.4.7 Kiker
Kiker is one of the important elements on construction which applied on base of
column. The purpose of this kiker to be formed was to act as guide to the size of column
which will need to construct later. Its too, used to support the formwork for column and
fixed it to specified sizes. Kiker also can let concrete will not leek out through base of
the formwork of column when concreting later.
Kiker is formed in square and constructed by 2 x 1 timber. The size of kiker
was depend on the size of column. Generally, kikers will concrete along with beam and
its also can use concrete which mixed by hand.

5.5

Slump Test
Slump test is one of the important concrete test which need to do on site for every

time of concrete delivering. The purpose of doing this test was to determine the slump of
plastic concrete. Slump test too, can determine the workability of work. The concrete
which do not have the proper slump value will be rejected.
Generally, the value of slump is around 75mm and has the tolerances which
depend on the grade of concrete. In this project, grade concrete of 35 was being use on
reinforcement concrete work. Thus it has the tolerances value of 25mm. In other case,
such as for pump able concrete, it will have the higher value of slump which wills then up
to 200mm.
Generally, the equipment of this test are slump mold, tamping rod (5/8-in
diameter) and shovel. And its method will just as following:1. Start the test within 5 min, after obtaining the final portion of the composite
sample.
2. Dampen the mold and place it on a flat moist pan.
3. Hold the mold firmly in place during filling (by standing on the two foot pieces).
4. Fill the mold in three layers, each approximately one-third the volume of the
mold.
5. Rod each layer with 25 strokes of the tamping rod. In filling and rodding the top
layer, heap the concrete above the mold before rodding is started.
6. Strike off the surface by screeding and a rolling motion of the tamping rod.
7. Remove the mold immediately by raising it in a vertical direction. (The entire
test, from the start of the filling through removal of the mold, should be
completed within 2 min).

8. Place the empty mold (upside down) adjacent to the concrete sample and measure
the vertical differences between the top of the mold and the displaced original
center of the top surface of the specimen. And this is the slump value.

5.6

Cube Test
Cube test, also so call compression test is also an important test which always

launched along with slump test. But its result only can obtain after 7 days and 28 days.
The purpose of this test being carried up is to determine whether the concrete can achieve
the minimum target strength in 28 days or not. In other words, concrete will need to hack
and remove or doing repairing works as if compressive test and coring test for concrete
had failed. As for information, coring test for concrete only will be done as if cube test
for structure concrete had failed.
Generally, three cubes shall be made from a single sample taken from randomly
selected batch of concrete. One test cube from each sample shall be tested for the 7 days
compressive strength of the sample. The sample shall be taken at the point of discharge
from the delivery vehicle. All cubes shall be clearly marked with undeletable paint with
date of casting and serial number relating to the part of the work from which they are
taken.
Technically, the methods of this compressive test are as just following:
1. Prepare three moulds of size 150mm x 150mm x 150mm.
2. Thinly coat the interior surfaces of the assembled mould with mould oil to prevent
adhesion of concrete.
3. Fill each mould with three layers of concrete, tamp each layer 35 times with a
25mm square steel rod.
4. Finish the top surface with a trowel and record the date of manufacturing on the
surface of the concrete.
5. Store the cube undisturbed for 24 hours at a temperature of 18 to 22oC and a
relative humidity of not less than 90%.

To ensure this condition cover the

concrete with wet gunny sacks.

6. After 24 hours, strip the mould and cure the cubes further by immersing them in
water at temperature 19 to 21oC until the testing date.
7. Test the cube at the age of 7 days.

8. Position the cube in the compressive machine with the cast faces in contact with
the platens.
9. Apply the load at the rate of 15 MN/m2/min.
10. Record the maximum load to the nearest .0.5 N/mm2.
11. Repeat the steps 8, 9 and 10 at age of 28 days for the remaining two cubes.

Concrete cube curing

Mould

6.0 Architectures work

6.0.1 General
The structure works for one building can consider finish after all beam, slab,
concrete wall, column and stair concreting work had done. So, the following works
which then involved most on architecture will more focus on the work inside the
building. Architecture works will play the important role as it will determine the final
appearance of the inside or outside of building.

6.1

Brick Laying
As we know, wall can divided into load bearing wall and non bearing wall. But

most of the time, brick somehow is still the most common material being applied no
matter on load bearing wall or non load bearing wall due to its good fire resistance,
highly compressive strength and economical.
Before brick can be used on wall construction, there are two thing need to take
into our precaution, the test for brick and the condition of brick. As just brick being
delivering to site, it thus needs go through one simple test to determine whether the brick
had enough strength or not. Although this test is simple enough but it is very important
and those delivered brick will be rejected once if test had failed.
This test started with placing of one brick vertically on ground. Then, take again
another brick vertically by hand and let it drop freely upon the brick which placed on
ground. This test soon will consider fail if got any one or both of those bricks had break
after the test.
Another thing which we also need to take into precaution on brick as I had
mentioned above is its moisture content. Before brick can be used on wall construction,
it need immersed into the water for a night and make sure it had achieve Surface Dry
(SSD) condition. Through this, it thus can minimize the cracking plastering later.
When doing brick laying, one brick wall cant stand alone with more than 3m
height and 4m in width. Lintol need to construct for every 3m height of brick wall and
stiffener need to supply for every 4m width of brick wall. Through lintol and stiffener,
one brick wall will have more strength and will not easily being collapse.
For the brick wall which sit on the ground slab or ground beam, a layer of damp
prove membrane which coated with a layer of bitumen oil was needed at the base of the
brick wall before wall was constructed. It used to avoid the uplift of moisture from slab
to wall in future and then thus discoloring of wall in consequent.
Besides, to have brick wall more static and rigid, thus some reinforcement needed
applied between brick and also between brick and column. Mesh needed to be laid
between brick for every four layer of brick while reinforcement bar which provided from
column are also at every four layer of brick. Mortal is used as binder between brick in all
case.

Stiffener

Dowel Bar

Lintol

6.2

Plastering
Lintol and dowel bar.

Wire mesh between brick

After brick wall have constructed, it is time for let its having plaster to have better
appearance. As same in brick laying, mortal still is the only and important material in
completing this job.
Generally, perfect plastering work will completed with three stages, base coat,
secondary coat and finally, finishing coat. But somehow, still have contractor they done
only in two coats, in which its base coat done same along with secondary coat and lastly
finishing coat.

This however, wills having many cracking plastering as the result.

Moreover, some of this plaster will easily peel off pierces by pierces in future.
For good practical, the second coat of plastering only can be done after one week
of base coat being plaster. To make surface became more adhesive to plaster, some
concrete surface may need being roughen before plastering for base coat. Besides, for

brick wall those was too dry, it needed to wetted before plastering to minimize the
cracking of plaster. Of course, each base layer needed to wet before having next layer of
plaster.
For base coat and secondary, cement mortal which mixed up with cement and
wash sand will be used. For finishing coat, StoGrout which special ordered had been
used in this project for better and smooth finishing surface. Sometime, a layer of skin
coat will apply on finishing coat as if no painting on finishing surface.
Actually, before plastering, there got leveling job need to do with in which they
will mark the thickness of plaster need to be done later. So that, workers will know the
thickness of plastering they need to do with. Usually, they will mark with several small
square of cement mortal plastered on wall with smooth, specified thickness and flat
surface. These all mark will then need inspected and approved by consultant before any
plastering job can start.

Surface roughen before plastering or other finishing work.

6.3

Finishing Coat.

Floor screeding

Finished plastering wall.

In this project, precast prestress hollow core slab which having concrete grade 40
had been used and covered nearly all area of the floor. So in this case, there was a layer
of concrete topping which having grade 35 on it before doing floor screeding.
The material used in floor screeding, once again same as material used in brick
laying which was also cement mortal. The thickness of 75mm of cement mortal will
form a layer concrete toping before laid a layer of floor screeding which also at 75mm.
Generally, there are several type of floor finishing, such as soft or hard floor
rendering, mosaic laying, carpet and etc. In this project, most of the floor finishes will
end up with mosaic or carpet.
So, basically, we can know that they are at least two layer of cement mortal which
each have thickness 75mm and mixed up with cement and wash sand only before covered
with mosaic or carpet. Of course, the finishes surface which preparing for mosaic and
carpet are totally different.

The finishes surface which screed by cement mortal preparing for carpet had far
more smooth and good appearance than the finishes surface which prepare for mosaic.
For finishes surfaces which prepare for mosaic, no smoothen work will be emphasized.
However, for finisher surface which prepare for carpet later, there need done smoothen
work for surface in which they will spread some cement on cement mortal surface and try
to make it as smooth as they can. And this is also so call soft rendering floor.
Like brick wall plastering, the thickness of cement mortal need to be screed also
had to be marked first by sub contractor through construction of several concrete block
with specified level on it surface. Its needed inspected and approved by consultant before
any screeding job can start. This all procedure will then can eliminate many avoidable
man make mistake.

Leveling block.

7.0 Safety & Access

Due to this project to be too huge and which had considered as Mega Project,
Gerbang Perdana as main contractor, had hire a lot of there own safety officer and
manager. This traffic and safety management team will manage all the works which
concern about access, traffic flowing and safety enhancement and inspection work in site.
In order to have the smooth traffic assessment and can having more choice on site
traffic movement, there are totally three entrances which each prepared with wash
through lane, guard house and barricade as specified in JRK standard had been
introduced. All visitors are need to summit their pass or permit before they can enter into
the site. And all cars which go out from site need pass through wash through lane and
cleaned with water pump.
Generally, approved safety helmet and proper shoe must be wore at all time by
anyone who on the project site. Gloves, which need to be wore only when handling tool
or materials that can cause injuries to the hands. Daily and weekly safety inspection will
be conducted to identify unsafe conditions and environmental hazards. The inspection

may involve the subcontractor concerned. And any unsafe conditions will be discussed
during the daily and weekly subcontractors coordinating meeting.
For employees, all employees must be properly attired to work. The minimum of
a sleeve shirt, long pants and proper shoe is expected.

Basic personal protective

equipment (PPE) such as safety helmet, appropriate gloves, safety harness and safety
glasses is considered a necessity. All injuries regardless of how minor need reported to
safety officer and safety officer must in turn report all injuries to the Site Manager /
Project Manager
Employees are never work aloft if afraid to do so, or are subjected to dizzy spells.
Supervisor must be informed immediately so that alternate work could be assigned
whenever possible. And no non-prescription drugs or alcohol will be permitted in the
job. Any employee reporting for work in the possession of or under the influence of
drugs or alcohol will be refused work and is liable to termination.
All electrical equipment and tools must be inspected periodically by designated
person and all lifting machine equipment appliances and gears must be tested by
approved person once every twelve months according to government statutory. Fighting
and horseplay in the job is not tolerable. And no one is allowed to undertake specialized
jobs, such as electrical repairs / connection or scaffold erection / modification unless
otherwise been designated and approved by the site management to do so.

Guard Tower

Tires cleaning

Safety Sign Board

Barricade

Wash Through
Lane
Guard Tower

Entrance

Safety barrier

Safety barrier had applied at open area.

8.0 Plant
There are many plants which had been introduced to apply for multiple of works.
Of course, these all plant had there own specified usage. I will display some of the plant
which always being used in this project at following section:-

Multi Purpose Sky Lift

Lorry

Water Tank Lorry

Vibrator Compactor

Back Pusher

Small Double Drum Compactor

Excavator

Mobile Crane

Mobile Sky Lift

Air Compressor

Concrete Lorry

Backhoe

Bar Bender Machine

Bar Cutting Machine

9.0 Recommendation
In this ten week practical training period, it is really true that I had learnt a lot of
extra knowledge and I do, widen my eyesight. But somehow, the training period that
university provided is rather short. Sometimes, for certain site, even pilling work will
need to spend around two month. So, this is nothing much can learn besides pilling work
for those practical trainers.
Moreover, with longer training period, student can recognize more people who
work in construction field and gain more experience that would totally benefit them when
they are work later. Student may also be able to switch to different department like
planning department with longer period of training. Through this, they not only can gain
more extra knowledge which beyond their working area, they too may be able to
withstand independently in these task in the future.
Besides, in my opinion, if this practical training will only be arrange at the final
semester of study, it would convenient most of the student since they may be able
continue their work with the company as their career. They do not need bother again
with interview or job seeking. Moreover, student who hasnt finished their work can
continue their work until anytime with their company or even until the end of the project.
Last but not least, introduced student to practical work is absolutely benefiting the
student. May be someday, university can let every student to have twice chance of
industrial training for better improvement against the standard and quality of UTM
student.

10.0 CONCLUSION

eedless to say, for this whole training period, I had gain more of the
knowledge which I had expected earlier. All the practical thing happened at
site can let me refreshing back the entire thing which I had learnt while in

lecturing. But somehow, not all theory can totally being practice on site.
However, through this short period of training, I still can learn many thing which
did not stated in book, such as the way to well managing the relationship between
workers and boss, the right attitude in solving the emergency problem or accident on site
and most important, the way to deal with client.
With the well co-operation from company, I had been granted permission to enter
any single point at site. Thus, I can see various type of construction such as road
construction, infra work, earth work, bore pilling, finishing for building and even
mechanical and electrical work. But due to short period, I only can truly go deep into
some part of them such as finishing, infra and lastly civil construction work. But once
again, I am here want express my deeply thankful and congratulation to Gerbang Perdana
Sdn. Bhd for its well management.
Last but not least, heartily hoping with this training, all soon graduated UTM
student can well prepare themselves to face for the problem in the future, having the right
attitude and always to have the desire to learn all type of knowledge and skill.

Prepared by :

(HII HOW NGUONG)

Fourth Year Bachelor of Civil Engineering (4SAW)
Faculty of Civil Engineering