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Preface
It gives us great pleasure to present this thoroughly revised edition of
OMTEX MATHEMATICS & STATISTICS for Standard XII, prepared
according to the pattern prescribed by the board.

A thorough study and practice of this edition with the help of Omtex
guidance (teaching + coaching) will enable the students to pass the HSC
Examination with flying colours.

Meticulous care has been taken to make this edition of OMTEX

MATHEMATICS & STATISTICS perfect and useful in every respect. However,
suggestions, if any, for its improvement are most welcome.

Omtex

Note: - No part of this book may be copied, adapted, abridged or translated, stored in any
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or by any means without a prior written permission of the Omtex classes.

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MATHS – II

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CH. NO. 1. THEORY OF ATTRIBUTES

EX. NO. 1
1. Find the missing frequencies in the following data of two attributes A and B.
𝑁 = 800, 𝐴𝐵 = 120, 𝐵 = 500, 𝐴 = 300.
2. For a data for 2 attributes, it is given that 𝑁 = 500, 𝐴 = 150, 𝐵 = 100, 𝐴𝐵 = 60, find
the other class frequencies.
3. In a population of 10,000 adults, 1290 are literate, 1390 are unemployed and 820 are literate
unemployed. Find the number of (i) literate employed. (ii) literates, (iii) employed.
4. In a co – educational school of 200 students contained 150 boys. An examination was
conducted in which 120 passed. If 10 girls failed, find the number of (i) boys who failed, (ii)
girls who passed.
5. In a sample of 240 persons, 40 were graduates and 5 were graduates employed. If 40 non –
graduates were employed, find the number of unemployed non – graduates and the number of
unemployed persons.
6. If for 3 attributes A, B and C, it is given that (ABC) = 210, 𝛼𝐵𝐶 = 280, 𝐴𝐵𝛾 = 180
𝛼𝐵𝛾 = 240, 𝐴𝛽𝐶 = 250, 𝛼𝛽𝐶 = 160, 𝐴𝛽𝛾 = 360, 𝛼𝛽𝛾 = 32, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 (A), (B), (C),
(AB), (AC) and (BC).
7. If for 3 attributes A, B, C, it is given that (ABC) = 370, 𝛼𝐵𝐶 = 1140, 𝐴𝐵𝛾 = 230,
𝛼𝐵𝛾 = 960, 𝐴𝛽𝐶 = 260, 𝛼𝛽𝐶 = 870, 𝐴𝛽𝛾 = 140, 𝛼𝛽𝛾 = 1030,
𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐵𝛾 , 𝐴 , 𝐵 , 𝐶 .
8. If N = 800, (A)=224, (B) = 301, (C) = 150, (AB) = 125, (AC) = 72, (NC) = 60 and (ABC) = 32, find
𝐴𝛽𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐵𝛾 .
EX. NO. 2
Check the consistency of the following data.
1. 𝐴 = 100, 𝐵 = 150, 𝐴𝐵 = 60, 𝑁 = 500.
2. 𝐴 = 100, 𝐵 = 150, 𝐴𝐵 = 140, 𝑁 = 500.
3. 𝐴 = 300, 𝛽 = 400, 𝐴𝛽 = 200, 𝑁 = 1000.
4. 𝐴 − 150, 𝛽 = 45, 𝐴𝐵 = 125, 𝑁 = 200.
5. 𝐴𝐵 = 40, 𝛼𝛽 = 70, 𝛼 = 160, 𝑁 = 200.
6. 𝐴𝐵 = 75, 𝛼𝛽 = 50, 𝛼 = 55, 𝑁 = 300.
7. 𝐴𝐵 = 50, 𝐴𝛽 = 79, 𝛼𝐵 = 89, 𝛼𝛽 = 782.
8. 𝐴𝐵 = 200, 𝐴 = 300, 𝐵 = 300, 𝑁 = 1000.
EX. NO. 3
1. Discuss the association of A and B if
i. N = 100, (A) = 50, (B) = 40, (AB) = 20.
ii. (AB) = 25, 𝐴𝛽 = 30, 𝛼𝛽 = 25, 𝛼𝐵 = 20.
2. Discuss the association between attributes A and B if
i. N = 100, (A) = 40, (B) = 60, (AB) = 30.
ii. N = 1000, (A) = 470, (B) = 620, (AB) = 320.
iii. N = 500, 𝛼 = 300, 𝛽 = 350, 𝐴𝐵 = 60.
iv. N = 1500, 𝛼 = 1117, 𝐵 = 360, 𝐴𝐵 = 35.

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3. Find the association between literacy and unemployment in the following data.
Total No. Of adults 1000
No. Of literate 130
No. Of unemployed 140
No. Of literate unemployed 80
4. Find the association between literacy and employment from the following data.
Total Adults 10000 Unemployed 1390
Literates 1290 Literate unemployed 820
Comment on the result.
5. Show that there is very little association between the eye colour of husband s and wives from the
following data.
Husband with light eyes and wives with light eyes = 309
Husband with light eyes and wives with dark eyes = 214
Husband with dark eyes and wives with light eyes = 132
Husband with dark eyes and wives with dark eyes = 119
6. 88 persons are classified according to their smoking and tea drinking habits. Find Yule’s coefficient
and draw your conclusion.
Smokers Non – smokers
Tea Drinkers 40 33
Non Tea Drinkers 3 12
7. Show that there is no association between sex and success in examination from the following data.
Boys Girls
Passed examination 120 40
Failed examination 30 10
8. Find Yule’s coefficient to determine if there is association between the heights of spouses
Tall Husbands Short Husbands
Tall Wives 60 10
Short Wives 10 50
9. 300 students appeared for an examination and of these, 200 passed. 130 had attended a coaching
class and 75 of these passed. Find the number of unsuccessful students who did not attend the
coaching class. Also find Q.
10. Calculate Yule’s coefficient of association between smokers and coffee drinkers, from the following
data.
Coffee Drinkers Non – coffee Drinkers
Smokers 90 65
Non – smokers 260 110
11. Out of 700 literates in town, 5 were criminals. Out of 9,300 literates in the same town, 150 were
criminals. Find Q.
12. Examine the consistency of the following data and if so, find Q.
N = 200, (AB) = 24, 𝛼 = 160, 𝛼𝛽 = 70.
13. Find Yule’s coefficient of association for the following data.
Intelligent husbands with intelligent wives 40
Intelligent husbands with dull wives 100
Dull husbands with intelligent wives 160
Dull husbands with dull wives 190

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CH. NO. 2. NUMERICAL METHOD

EX. NO. 1. NEWTON’S FORWARD INTERPOLATION FORMULA.
1. Using Newton’s Interpolation formula, find f(5) from the following table.
𝑥 2 4 6 8
𝑓(𝑥) 4 7 11 18
2. Given the following table find f(24)using an appropriate interpolation formula.
𝑥 20 30 40 50
𝑓(𝑥) 512 439 346 243
3. In an examination the number of candidates who scored marks between certain limits were as
follows. Estimate the number of candidates getting marks less than 70.
Marks 0-19 20-39 40-59 60-79 80-99
No. Of Candidates 41 62 65 50 17
4. The population of a town for 4 year was as given below.
Year 1980 1982 1984 1986
Population (in Thousand) 52 54 58 63
5. For a function f(x), f(0) = 1, f(1) = 3, f(2) = 11, f(3) = 31. Estimate f(1.5), using Newton’s
Interpolation formula.
6. For a function f(x), f(1) = 0, f(3) = 25, f(5) = 86, f(7) = 201. Find f(2.5) using Forward Difference
interpolation formula.
7. Construct a table of values of the function 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 for x = 0,1,2,3,4,5. Find (2.5) and f(2.5)2 using
Newton’s Forward Interpolation Formula.
8. Estimated values of logarithms upto 1 decimal are given below find log(25)
𝑥 10 20 30 40
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 1 1.3 1.4 1.6
9. Estimated values of sin upto 1 decimal are given below find sin(450)
𝑥 00 300 600 900
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 0 0.5 0.87 1
10. Find f(x), if f(0) = 8, f(1) = 12, f(2) = 18.
11. f(x) is a polynomial in x. Given the following data, find f(x)
𝑥 1 2 3 4
𝑓(𝑥) 7 18 35 58
Also find f(1.1)
EX. NO. 2. LAGRANGE’S INTERPOLATION FORMULA.
1. By using suitable interpolation formula estimate f(2) from the following table.
𝑥 -1 0 3
𝑓(𝑥) 3 1 19
2. By suing Lagrange’s Interpolation formula, estimate f(x) when x = 3 from the following table.
𝑥 0 1 2 5
𝑓(𝑥) 2 3 10 147
3. A company started selling a new product x in the market. The profit of the company per year due
to this product is as follows:
Year 1st 2nd 7th 8th
Profit (Rs. In lakh) 4 5 5 5
Find the profit of the company in the 6 year by using Lagrange’s Interpolation formula.
th

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4. Using the Lagrange’s Interpolation formula, determine the percentage number of criminals under
35 years.
Age % number of criminals
Under 25 years 52
Under 30 years 67.3
Under 49 years 84.1
Under 50 years 94.4
5. The function y = f(x) is given by the points (7,3), (8,1), (9,1), (10, 9). Find the value of y at x = 9.5
using Lagrange’s formula.
6. Given 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 10 = 1, 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 12 = 1.1, 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 15 = 1.2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 20 = 1.3. find 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 13 = ? [Values
are approximate and rounded off to 1 decimal place].
EX. NO. 3. FORWARD DIFFERENCE TABLE
1. Form the difference table for f(x) = x2 +5 taking values for x = 0, 1 , 2 , 3.
2. Write down the forward difference table of the following polynomials f(x) for x = 0(1)5
a. f(x) = 4x-3
b. f(x) = x2 – 4x – 4.
3. Obtain the difference table for the data. Also what can you say about f(x). From the table?
x 0 1 2 3 4 5
f(x) 0 3 8 15 24 35
4. By constructing a difference table, obtain the 6th term of the series 7, 11, 18, 28, 41.
5. Estimate f(5) from the following table.
𝑥 0 1 2 3 4
𝑓(𝑥) 3 2 7 24 59
6. By constructing a difference table, find 6th and 7th term of the sequence 6, 11, 18, 27, 38.
7. By constructing a difference table, find 7th and 8th term of the sequence 8, 14, 22, 32, 44, 58.
8. Given u4 = 0, u5 = 3, u6 = 9 and the second difference are constant. Find u2.
9. Find u9, if u3 = 5, u4 = 12, u5 = 21, u6 = 32, u7 = 45.
EX. NO. 4
1. Estimate the missing term by using " ∈ "𝑎𝑛𝑑 "∆" from the following table.
a.
x 0 1 2 3 4
y 1 3 9 - 81
b.
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
y 2 4 8 - 32 64 128
c.
𝑥 1 2 3 4 5
𝑓(𝑥) 2 5 7 - 32

2. Find ∆𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑛 each of the following case, assuming the interval of difference to be 1.

i. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑥 − 1 𝑥 − 2 𝑥 − 3 . iii. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 4.
ii. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥. iv. 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 3.
3. Given 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 5 taking the interval of differentiating equal to 1. Find ∆𝑓 𝑥 and ∆2 𝑓 𝑥 .
2

4. Given 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 2, taking the interval of differentiating equal to 1. Find ∆𝑓 𝑥 and

∆2 𝑓 𝑥 .

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2
5. Find ∆ 𝑓 𝑥 if 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑥 + 1 𝑥 + 2 .
6. Evaluate
i. ∆2 𝑥 2 + 5 ii. ∆ sin 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 iii. ∆cos⁡
(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)
7. Evaluate
i. ∆3 5𝑒 𝑥 ∆2
iii. ∈ 𝑥 3 v. ∆2 𝑥
1

ii. ∆4 (𝑎𝑏 𝑥 ) ∆2 𝑥 3
iv. ∈𝑥 3 vi. ∆𝑒 𝑥
∆2 ∈𝑒 𝑥
8. Show that 𝑒𝑥 . = 𝑒𝑥
∈ ∆2 𝑒 𝑥
∆𝑓 𝑥
9. Show that ∆𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑓 𝑥 = log 1 + 𝑓 𝑥
10. If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 . Show that 𝑓 𝑥 , ∆𝑓, ∆2 𝑓 𝑥 , … … … … … . ∆𝑛 𝑓 𝑥 are in geometric progression.
11. Given: u0 = 3, u1 = 12, u2 = 81, u4 =100, u5 = 8, find∆5 𝑢0 .
12. Given: u2 = 13, u3 = 28, u4 = 49, find ∆2 𝑢2 .
13. Given: u2 = 13, u3 = 28, u4 = 49, u5 = 76. Compute ∆3 𝑢2 + ∆2 𝑢3 .
14. Prove the following:
i. ∆4 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 + 3𝑕 − 3𝑓 𝑥 + 2𝑕 + 3𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑕 − 𝑓 𝑥
ii. ∆4 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 + 4𝑕 − 4𝑓 𝑥 + 3𝑕 + 6𝑓 𝑥 + 2𝑕 − 4𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑕 + 𝑓 𝑥 .
iii. 𝑓 𝑎 + 3𝑕 = 𝑓 𝑎 + 3∆𝑓 𝑎 + 3∆2 𝑓 𝑎 + ∆3 𝑓 𝑎 .
iv. 𝑓 𝑎 + 5𝑕 = 𝑓 𝑎 + 5∆𝑓 𝑎 + 10∆2 𝑓 𝑎 + 10∆3 𝑓 𝑎 + 5∆4 𝑓 𝑎 + ∆5 𝑓 𝑎 .
15. Assuming that the difference interval h = 1, prove the following.
i. 𝑓 4 = 𝑓 3 + ∆𝑓 2 + ∆2 𝑓 1 + ∆3 𝑓 1 .
ii. 𝑓 7 = 𝑓 6 + ∆𝑓 5 + ∆2 𝑓 4 + ∆3 𝑓 4 .
iii. 𝑓 5 = 𝑓 4 + ∆𝑓 3 + ∆2 𝑓 2 + ∆3 𝑓 1 + ∆4 𝑓 1 .
iv. 𝑓 2 = 𝑓 1 + ∆𝑓 0 + ∆2 𝑓 −1 + ∆3 𝑓 −1 .

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CH. NO. 3. BINOMIAL AND POISSON DISTRIBUTION
EX. 1
1. An unbiased coin is tossed 6 times. Find
the probability of getting 3 heads. (5/16)
2. Find the probability of getting atleast 4 8.
heads, in 6 trials of a coin. (11/32)
3. An ordinary coin is tossed 4 times. Find
the probability of getting
a. No heads(1/16)
b. Exactly 1 head(1/4)
c. Exactly 3 tails(1/4) 9.
d. Two or more heads(11/16)
4. On an average ‘A’ can solve 40% of the
problems. What is the probability of ‘A’
solving
a. No problems out of 6. 10.
(729/15625)
b. Exactly four problems out of 6.
(432/3125)
5. The probability that a student is not a
swimmer is 1/5. Out of five students 11.
considered, find the probability that
a. 4 are swimmers. (256/625)
b. Atleast 4 are swimmers/
(2304/3125)
6. In a certain tournament, the probability 12.
of A’s winning is 2/3. Find the probability
of A’s winning atleast 4 games out of 5.
(112/243)
7. A has won 20 out of 30 games of chess
with B. In a new series of 6 games, what is
the probability that A would win.
EX. 2. BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION
NOTE: - For a binomial variate parameter means n, p and q.
1. A biased coin in which P(H) = 1/3 and P(T) = 2/3 is tossed 4 times. If getting a head is success
then find the probability distribution.
2. An urn contains 2 white and 3 black balls. A ball is drawn, its colour noted and is replaced in
the urn. If four balls are drawn in this manner, find the probability distribution if success
denotes finding a white ball.
3. Find Mean and Variance of Binomial Distribution. If
a. n = 12; p = 1/3 b. n = 10; p = 2/5
4. Find n and p for a binomial distribution, if
a. Mean = 6; S.D. = 2.
b. 𝑥 = 6, variance = 5
c. 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 12, 𝑉𝐴𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 10.2
d. 𝑥 = 10, 𝜎 = 3.
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a. 4 or more games. (496/729)
b. Only 4 games. (80/243)
If the chances that any of the 5 telephone
lines are busy at any instant are 0.1, find
the probability that all the lines are busy.
Also find the probability that not more
than three lines are busy. (1/100000)
(99954/100000)
It is noted that out of 5 T.V. programs,
only one is popular. If 3 new programs are
introduced, find the probability that
a. None is popular. (64/125)
b. At least one is popular. (61/125)
A marks man’s chance of hitting a target
is 4/5. If he fires 5 shots, what is the
probability of hitting the target
a. Exactly twice (31/625)
b. Atleast once. (3124/3125)
It is observed that on an average, 1 person
out of 5 is a smoker. Find the probability
that no person out of 3 is a smoker. Also
find that atleast 1 person out of 3 is
smoker. (64/125) (61/125).
A bag contains 7 white and 3 black balls.
A ball drawn is always replaced in the
bag. If a ball is drawn 5 times in this way,
find the probability of we get 2 white and
3 black balls. (1323/100000)
c. n = 100; p = 0.1
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EX. 3. POISSON DISTRIBUTION
Note: For a random variable x with a Poisson distribution with the parameter𝝀, the
probability of success is given by.

𝝀𝒙 𝒆−𝝀
𝑷 𝒙 =
𝒙!
Note: - For a Poisson distribution Mean = Variance = 𝝀.
For a Poisson variate parameter is known as 𝝀 and𝝀 = 𝒏𝒑. If 𝒏 ≥ 𝟏𝟎𝟎 & 𝝀 ≤ 𝟏𝟎.
1. For a Poisson distribution with 𝜆 = 0.7, find p(2).
2. For a Poisson distribution with 𝜆 = 0.7, find 𝑝(𝑥 ≤ 2).
3. If a random variable x follows Poisson distribution such that p(1) = p(2), find its mean and
variance.
4. The probability that an individual will have a reaction after a particular drug is injected is 0.0001.
If 20000 individuals are given the injection find the probability that more than 2 having reaction.
5. The average number of incoming telephone calls at a switch board per minute is 2. Find the
probability that during a given period 2 or more telephone calls are received.
6. In the following situations of a Binomial variate x, can they be approximated to a Poisson Variate?
a. n = 150 p = 0.05
b. n = 400 p = 0.25
7. For a Poisson distribution with 𝜆 = 3, find p(2) , 𝑝 𝑥 ≤ 3 .
8. The average customers, who appear at the counter of a bank in 1 minute is 2. Find the probability
that in a given minute
a. No customer appears.
b. At most 2 customers appear.
9. The probability that a person will react to a drug is 0.001 out of 2000 individuals checked, find the
probability that
a. Exactly 3
b. More than 2 individuals get a reaction.
10. A machine producing bolts is known to produce 2% defective bolts. What is the probability that a
consignment of 400 bolts will have exactly 5 defective bolts?
11. The probability that a car passing through a particular junction will make an accident is 0.00005.
Among 10000 can that pass the junction on a given day, find the probability that two car meet
with an accident.
12. The number of complaints received in a super market per day is a random variable, having a
Poisson distribution with 𝜆= 3.3. Find the probability of exactly 2 complaints received on a given
day.
13. For a Poisson distribution if p(1) = p(2), find p(3).
14. In a manufacturing process 0.5% of the goods produced are defective. In a sample of 400 goods.
Find the probability that at most 2 items are defective.
15. In a Poisson distribution, if p(2) = p(3), find mean.
16. In a Poisson distribution the probability of 0 successes is 10%. Find its mean.

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CH. NO. 4. ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS AND SEQUENCING
Ex. No. 1
1. Solve the following minimal assignment II 3 11 10 8
problem. III 3 4 6 1
A B C D IV 2 13 11 7
1 16 1 6 11
2 25 10 0 10 6. A Departmental head has four subordinates
3 10 25 2 14 and four task to be performed. The time each
4 15 7 14 10 man would take to perform each task is
2. A Departmental Store has 4 wormers to pack given below.
their items. The timing in minutes required A B C D
for each workers to complete the packing per I 12 20 11 5
item sold is given below. How should the II 1 16 2 14
manager of the store assign the job to the III 28 9 8 5
workers, so as to minimize the total time of IV 10 17 15 1
packing? 7. Minimise the following assignment problem.
Books Toys Crockery Cattery A B C D
A 2 10 9 7 I 2 13 3 4
B 12 2 12 2 II 9 12 6 13
C 3 4 6 1 III 10 2 4 15
D 4 15 4 9 IV 7 6 1 9
3. Solve the following minimal assignment 8. A team of 4 horses and 4 riders has entered
problem. the jumping show contest. The number of
A B C D penalty points to be expected when each
1 3 4 6 5 rider rides each horse is shown below. How
2 5 6 10 9 should the horses be assigned to the riders so
3 1 2 3 2 as to minimise the expected loss? Also find
4 4 10 6 4 the minimum expected loss.
4. For an examination, the answer papers of the HORSES H1 H2 H3 H4
divisions I, II, III and IV are to be distributed RIDERS
amongst 4 teachers A, B, C & D. It is a policy R1 12 3 3 2
decision of the department that every R2 1 11 4 13
teacher corrects the papers of exactly one R3 11 10 6 11
division. Also, since Mr. A’s son is in Division I, R4 5 8 1 7
he cannot be assigned the corrections of that 9. The owner of a small machine shop has ‘four’
division. If the time required in days, for machinists available to assign jobs for the
every teacher to asses the papers of the day. ‘Five’ jobs are offered to be done on the
various divisions is listed below find the day. The expected profits for each job done
allocation of the work so as to minimize the by each machinist are given below. Find the
time required to complete the assessment. assignment of jobs to the machinists that will
A B C D results in maximum profit. Also find the
I - 5 2 6 maximum profit. [One machinist can be
II 4 5 3 8 assigned only ‘one’ job]
III 6 6 2 5 JOBS A B C D E
IV 1 6 3 4 MACHINISTS
5. Solve the following minimal assignment M1 62 78 50 101 82
problem. M2 71 84 61 73 59
A B C D M3 87 92 111 71 81
I 12 1 11 5 M4 48 61 87 77 80

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10. A Chartered Accountants’ firm has accepted E5 3 6 4 7 3
‘five’ new cases. The estimated number of 11. The cost (in hundreds of Rs.) of sending
days required by each of their ‘five’ material to ‘five’ terminals by ‘four’ trucks,
employees for each case are given below, incurred by a company is given below. Find
where ‘-‘means that the particular employee the assignment of trucks to terminals which
cannot be assigned the particular case. will minimize the cost. [‘One’ truck is
Determine he optimal assignment of cases to assigned to only ‘one’ terminal] Which
the employees so that the total number of terminal will ‘not’ receive material from the
days required completing these ‘five’ cases truck company? What is the minimum cost?
will be minimum. Also find the minimum TRUCKS A B C D
number of days. TERMINALS
CASES I II III IV V T1 3 6 2 6
EMPLOYEES T2 7 1 4 4
E1 5 2 4 2 6 T3 3 8 5 8
E2 3 4 - 5 7 T4 5 2 6 3
E3 6 3 4 1 2 T5 5 7 6 2
E4 4 2 2 3 5
EX. NO. 2
1. Find the sequence that minimises the total 6. Solve the following problem for minimum
elapsed time, required to complete the elapsed time. Also state the idling time for
following jobs on two machineries. each machine.
Job A B C D E F G Job A B C D E F G
M1 7 2 3 2 7 4 5 Machine A 2 7 6 3 8 7 9
M2 4 6 5 4 3 1 4 Machine B 3 2 1 4 0 3 2
2. Solve the following for minimum elapsed time Machine C 5 6 4 10 4 5 11
and idling time for each machine. 7. Five jobs have to go through the machines A,
Job A B C D E B, C in order ABC. Following table shows the
M1 5 1 9 3 10 processing times in hours for the five jobs.
M2 2 6 7 8 4 Job J1 J2 J3 J4 J5
3. Solve the following problems for minimum Machine A 5 7 6 9 5
elapsed time. Also state the idling time for the Machine B 2 2 4 5 3
machine. Machine C 3 6 5 6 7
Job 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Determine the sequence of jobs, which will
M1 2 5 4 9 6 8 7 5 4 minimise the total elapsed time.
M2 6 8 7 4 3 9 3 8 11 8. Determine the eptimum sequence so as to
4. Solve the following problem for minimum minimize the total elapsed time.
elapsed time. Also state the idling time for Type of Number Processing
each machine. Chairs To be time on
Job 1 2 3 4 5 processed/day
Machine A 8 10 6 7 11 Machine
Machine B 5 6 2 3 4 A B
Machine C 4 9 8 6 5 1 4 4 8
5. Solve the following problem for minimum 2 6 12 6
elapsed time. Also state the idling time for 3 5 14 16
each machine. 4 2 20 22
Job 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 4 8 10
Machine A 8 3 7 2 5 1 6 3 10 2
Machine B 3 4 5 2 1 6
Machine C 8 7 6 9 10 9

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CH. NO. 5. VITAL STATISTICS, MORTALITY RATES AND LIFE TABLE
CRUDE DEATH RATE (C.D.R.)
1. For the following data, find the crude death rate.
Age group 0-25 25-50 50-75 Above 75
Population 5000 7000 6000 2000
No. of deaths 800 600 500 100
2. Compare the crude death rate of the two given population.
Age group 0-30 30-60 60 & above
Population A 4000 8000 3000
Deaths in A 180 120 200
Population B 7000 9000 4000
Deaths in B 250 320 230
3. Compare the crude death rate of the two given population.
Age group 0-25 25-50 50-75 Above 75
Population A in thousands 60 70 40 30
Deaths in A 250 120 180 200
Population B in thousands 20 40 30 10
Deaths in B 120 100 160 170
4. For the following data. Find 𝑥 if the C.D.R. = 31.25 per thousand.
Age group Population Deaths
0-35 4000 80
35-70 3000 120
Above 70 1000 𝑥
5. For the following data. Find 𝑥 if the C.D.R. = 3.75
Age group 0-20 20-40 40-60 Above 60
Population in thousands 58 71 41 30
Deaths 195 130 𝑥 245
6. For the following data. Find 𝑥 if the C.D.R. = 50
Age group 0-25 25-40 40-70 Above 70
Population in thousands 25 𝑥 28 15
Deaths 1250 1000 1570 1680

SPECIFIC DEATHS RATES (S.D.R.)

1. Find the Age Specific deaths rates (S.D.R.) for the following data.
Age group Population No. of deaths
0-15 6000 150
15-40 20000 180
40-60 1000 120
Above 60 4000 160
2. Find the age Specific deaths rates (S.D.R.) for population A and B of the following.
Age – group 0-30 30-60 60 and above
Population A in thousands 50 90 30
Deaths in A 150 180 200
Population B in thousands 60 100 20
Deaths in B 120 160 250

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3. Find the Age specific deaths rates (S.D.R.) for population A and B for the following.
Age – group 0-30 30-60 60-80 Above 80
Population A in thousands 30 60 50 20
Deaths in A 150 120 200 400
Population B in thousands 50 100 90 70
Deaths in B 200 140 270 350

STANDARD DEATHS RATES (S.T.D.R.)

1. Find the Standard Deaths Rates for the following data:
Age – group 0-30 30-60 Above 60
Population A in thousands 60 90 50
Deaths in A 240 270 250
Standard Population in thousands 20 30 20
2. Find the Standard Deaths Rates for the following data.
Age – group 0-25 25-50 50-75 Over 75
Population A in thousands 66 54 55 25
Deaths in A 132 108 88 100
Population B in thousands 34 58 52 16
Deaths in B 102 116 78 80
Standard Population in thousands 40 60 80 20
3. Taking A, as the standard population. Compare the standardized death rates for the
population A and B for the given data.
Age – group 0-30 30-60 Above 60
Population A in thousands 5 7 3
Deaths in A 150 210 120
Population B in thousands 6 8 2.5
Deaths in B 240 160 7.5
4. Taking A, as the standard population. Compare the standardized death rates for the
population A and B for the given data.
Age – group 0-20 20-40 40-75 Above 75
Population A in thousands 7 15 10 8
Deaths in A 140 150 110 240
Population B in thousands 9 13 12 6
Deaths in B 270 260 300 150

LIFE TABLES
1. Construct the life tables for the rabbits from the following data.
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
lx 10 9 7 5 2 1 0

2. Construct the life tables for the following data.

x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
lx 50 36 21 12 6 2 0

3. Construct the life tables for the following data.

x 0 1 2 3 4 5
lx 30 26 18 10 4 0

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4. Fill in the blanks in the following tabled marked by ‘?’ sign.
Age lx dx qx px Lx Tx e0x
50 60 ? ? ? ? 240 ?
51 50 - - - - ? ?

5. Fill in the blanks in the following table marked by ‘?’ sign.

Age lx dx qx px Lx Tx e0x
56 400 ? ? ? ? 3200 ?
57 250 ? ? ? ? ? ?
58 120 - - - - ? ?

CH. NO. 6. INDEX NUMBER

EX. NO. 1.
SIMPLE AGGREGATIVE METHOD
I. FIND THE INDEX NUMBER.
1. Find Index number. [Ans. 137.73] T.V. 30 20 15
Commodities Prices in Prices in Computer 80 50 25
2002 (P0) 2003 (P1) Mobile 8 6 5
5. Find the index number for the year 2003 and
I 21.3 30.7 2006 by taking the base year 2000. [Ans. 48,
II 55.9 88.4 75.4359]
III 100.2 130 Security at 2000 2003 2006
IV 60.5 90.1 Stock market
V 70.6 85.7 P0 P1 P1
2. Find Index number. [Ans. 180] A 160 180 210
Commodities Prices in Prices in B 2400 35 8
1990 (P0) 2002 (P1) C 800 550 850
D 3500 2000 4000
A 12 38 E 150 600 220
B 28 42 6. Calculate Index Number. [Ans. 69.078,
C 10 24 238.15]
D 16 30
Real Estate 1990 1998 2006
E 24 46
Area wise
3. Find Index number. [Ans. 107.1, 109.375]
Commodities Prices Prices Prices A 100 65 250
in in in B 35 22 75
2000 2003 2006 C 5 7 12
D 12 11 25
Trucks 800 830 850 7. Calculate Index Number. [Ans. 113.0952]
Cars 176 200 215
Items 2000 2005
Three wheelers 100 127 115
Two wheelers 44 43 43
Wheat 500 600
4. Find Index number. [Ans. 64.06, 39.06]
Rice 400 430
Commodities 1998 2000 2005 Dal 700 770
P0 P1 P1 Milk 20 32
Stereo 10 6 5 Clothing 60 68

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8. Calculate the Index Number. [Ans. 412.19, 9. Compute the Index Number. [Ans. 110.526,
92.68] 126.31579]
Security at 1988 1991 1994 Food Units 2004 2005 2006
Stock market Items
P0 P1 P1 P0 P1 P1
A 650 3500 700 Potato Kg 10 12 14
B 1200 1350 1300 Onion Kg 12 25 16
C 530 4700 200 Tomato Kg 12 25 16
D 270 5050 100 Eggs Dozen 24 2 26
E 1450 2300 1500 Banana Dozen 18 20 24

II. THE INDEX NUMBER BY THE METHOD OF AGGREGATES IS GIVEN IN EACH OF THE
FOLLOWING EXAMPLE. FIND THE VALUE OF X IN EACH CASE.
1. Index Number = 180 IV 7 10
Commodity Base year Current Year V 14 𝑥
P0 P1 [Ans. 𝑥 = 15]
A 12 38 3. Index Number = 120
B 28 41 Commodity Base Year Current Year
C 𝑥 25 P0 P1
D 26 36 I 40 60
E 24 40 II 80 90
[Ans. 𝑥 = 10] III 50 70
2. Index Number = 112.5 IV 𝑥 110
Commodity Base Year Current Year V 30 30
P0 P1 [Ans. 𝑥 = 100]
I 3 5
II 16 25
III 40 35

EX. NO. 2.
WEIGHTED AGGREGATIVE INDEX NUMBERS.
1. For the following data find Laspeyre’s, Paasche’s, Dorbish – Bowley’s and Marshall – Edgeworth
Index Numbers. [Ans. 134.2, 130, 132.1, 132.05]
Commodities Base Year Current Year
Price Quantity Price Quantity
A 20 3 25 4
B 30 5 45 2
C 50 2 60 1
D 70 1 90 3
2. For the following data find Laspeyre’s, Paasche’s, Dorbish - Bowley’s and Marshall –
Edgeworth Index Numbers. [Ans. 144.11, 149.2, 146.66, 147.422]
Commodities Base Year Current Year
Price Quantity Price Quantity
1 10 3 20 3
2 40 4 60 9
3 30 1 50 4
4 60 2 70 2

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3. Find Fisher’s Price Index Number. [Ans. 132.1] {using log table}
Commodities Base Year Current Year
Price Quantity Price Quantity
A 20 3 25 4
B 30 5 45 2
C 50 2 60 1
D 70 1 90 3
4. Find Walsch’s Price Index Number.[Ans. 116.21]
Commodities Base Year Current Year
Price Quantity Price Quantity
I 10 4 20 9
II 40 5 3 5
III 30 1 50 4
IV 50 0.5 60 2
5. Calculate Price Index Number by using Walsch’s Method. [Ans. 126.83]
Commodities Base Year Current Year
Price Quantity Price Quantity
A 5 4 7 1
B 2 6 3 6
C 10 9 12 4
6. The ratio of Laspeyre’s and Paasche’s Index number is 28:27. Find x. [Ans. x = 4]
Commodities 1960 1965
Price Quantity Price Quantity
A 1 10 2 5
B 1 5 X 2
7. For the following the Laspeyre’s and Paasche’s index number are equal, find 𝑘.
Commodity P0 Q0 P1 Q1
A 4 6 6 5
B 4 𝑘 4 4

EX. NO. 3.
COST OF LIVING INDEX NUMBER
THERE ARE TWO METHODS TO CONSTRUCT COST OF LIVING INDEX NUMBER.
1. AGGREGATIVE EXPENDITURE METHOD.
2. FAMILY BUDGET METHOD.
1. Taking the base year as 1995, construct the cost of living index number for the year 2000 from
the following data. [Ans. 137.5]
Group 1995 2000
Price Quantity Price
Food 23 4 25
Clothes 15 5 20
Fuel and Lighting 5 9 8
House Rent 12 5 18
Miscellaneous 8 6 13

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2. The price relatives I, for the current year and weights (W), for the base year are given below
find the cost of living Index number. [Ans. 221.3]
Group Food Clothes Fuel & Lighting House Rent Miscellaneous

I 320 140 270 160 210

W 20 15 18 22 25

3. Find the cost of living Index number. [Ans. 150]

Group Food Clothes Fuel & Lighting House Rent Miscellaneous

I 200 150 140 100 120

W 6 4 3 3 4

4. Find the cost of living index number. [Ans. 208]

Group 1995 2000
Price Quantity Price
Food 90 5 200
Clothes 25 4 80
Fuel and Lighting 40 3 50
House Rent 30 1 70
Miscellaneous 50 6 90

5. Find the cost of living index number. [Ans. 86.06]

Group 1995 2000
Price Quantity Price
Food 30 15 25
Clothes 45 10 30
Fuel and Lighting 25 12 20
House Rent 12 8 15
Miscellaneous 36 20 35

6. Find 𝑥 if the cost of living index number is 150

Commodity Food Clothes Fuel & Lighting House Rent Miscellaneous

I 200 150 140 100 120

W 6 4 𝑥 3 4

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CH. NO. 7. REGRESSION ANALYSIS

1. For a bivariate data the mean of 𝑥 series is 35 and the mean of 𝑦 series is 29. The regression co –
efficient of 𝑥 𝑜𝑛 𝑦 is 0.56. Find the regression equation of 𝑥 𝑜𝑛 𝑦. Estimate the value of 𝑥 when
𝑦 = 25.
2. For a bivariate data the means of 𝑦 series is 40 and mean of 𝑥 series is 35. The Regression co –
efficient of 𝑦 𝑜𝑛 𝑥 is 1.2. Find the line of Regression of y on x. Estimate the value of 𝑦 when
𝑥 = 28.
3. For the following data, find the regression line of 𝑦 𝑜𝑛 𝑥.
𝑥 1 2 3
𝑦 2 1 6
Hence find the most likely value of 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 4.
4. 𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 𝑜𝑛 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑦 𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑛 𝑥 =
10.
𝑥 1 2 3 4 5 6
𝑦 2 4 7 6 5 6
5. 𝑇𝑕𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑦. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑕𝑒
𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 125 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠.
Production 120 115 120 124 126 121
Price Rs/unit 13 15 14 13 12 14
6. Compute the appropriate regression equation for the data.
𝑥 [𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒] 2 4 5 6 8 11
𝑦 [𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒] 18 12 10 8 7 5
7. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
𝑥 𝑦
Mean 13 17
S.D. 3 2
𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 0.6. 𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑥 𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑛 𝑦 = 15, 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑦 𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 10.
8. 𝑌𝑜𝑢 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑎𝑑𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠.
Adv. Exp 𝑥 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑦
(Rs. Lakhs) 𝑅𝑠. 𝐿𝑎𝑘𝑕𝑠
Mean 10 90
S.D. 3 12
𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜 − 𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 0.8
𝑎. 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠.
𝑏. 𝑊𝑕𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑕𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑏𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑓 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑤𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 120 𝑙𝑎𝑘𝑕𝑠.
9. 𝑇𝑕𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑑𝑣. 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑚 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤.
𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑦 Adv. Exp 𝑥
𝑅𝑠. 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 (Rs. In crores)
Mean 40 6
S.D. 10 1.5
𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟 = 0.9
𝑎. 𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑘𝑒𝑙𝑦 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑑𝑣. 𝑒𝑥𝑝. 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑠. 10 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠?
𝑏. 𝑊𝑕𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑕𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑏𝑒 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑣. 𝑒𝑥𝑝. 𝑖𝑓 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑚 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑠. 60 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠?
10. 𝐼𝑓 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑜𝑛 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 4 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 𝑜𝑛 𝑥 𝑖𝑠
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 1, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑥 , 𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟.
11. 𝐼𝑓 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑏𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑎𝑟𝑒 2𝑥 = 𝑦 + 15 𝑥 𝑜𝑛 𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑

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4𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 25, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑖. 𝑥 𝑖𝑖. 𝑦 𝑖𝑖𝑖. 𝑏𝑦𝑥 𝑖𝑣. 𝑏𝑥𝑦 𝑣. 𝑟
12. 𝐼𝑓 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑏𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑎𝑟𝑒 10𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 62 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑
6𝑥 + 57 − 50 = 0. 𝐼𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑜𝑛 𝑦. 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑥 , 𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟. 𝐴𝑙𝑠𝑜
𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝜎𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝜎𝑦 = 2.
13. 𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 8𝑥 − 10𝑦 + 66 = 0 & 40𝑥 − 18𝑦 = 214.
𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 = 9. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑥 , 𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆. 𝐷. 𝑜𝑓 𝑦.
14. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝 𝑜𝑓 30 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑓𝑒 𝑦 𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓
𝜎 2 9
𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑕𝑢𝑠𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 3𝑦 − 4𝑥 + 60 = 0. 𝐼𝑓 𝑦 = 40, 𝜎 𝑥 = 25 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟.
𝑦2
15. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 50 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑠 𝑥 𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠
𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 3𝑦 − 5𝑥 + 18 = 0. 𝑇𝑕𝑒 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑓𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑖𝑠 44 𝑎𝑛𝑑
9
𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑠 𝑖𝑠 16 𝑡𝑕 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑦.
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜 − 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡.
16. 𝐴𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑓 50 𝑓𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑦 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑕𝑖𝑝 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑅𝑠. 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑠. 𝑦 𝑔𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑥 = 8500, 𝑦 = 9600, 𝜎𝑥 = 60, 𝜎𝑦 = 20, 𝑟 = 0.6
17. 𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑎𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑛 = 5, 𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦, 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑕𝑒
𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠. 𝑥 = 30, 𝑦 = 40, 𝑥 2 = 220, 𝑦 2 = 340, 𝑥𝑦 = 214.
18. 𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 𝑜𝑛 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 𝑜𝑛 𝑦.
𝑛 = 8, 𝑥 = 40, 𝑦 = 32, 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 = 32, 𝑦 − 𝑦 2 = 16 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑦 = 6.
𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑛 𝑦 = 5.
19. 𝑁 = 50, 𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑦 = 10000, 𝑥 = 500, 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 = 20000, 𝑦 = 1000,
𝑦 − 𝑦 2 = 9800. 𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑦 𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 12.

CH. NO. 8. LINEAR PROGRAMMING

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MATHS – I

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CH. NO. 1. LOGIC

1. Express the following in the symbolic form 𝑞 ∶ 𝑅𝑎𝑚𝑎 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡.
i. Hari is either intelligent or hard working. 12. Construct the truth table and determine
ii. 𝑎 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 𝑖𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑓 𝑎𝑏 = 0. whether the statement is tautology,
2. Given p ≡ x is an irrational number. contradiction or neither.
q ≡ x is the square of an integer. i. ( p → q) (q ~q)
Write the verbal statement for the following. ii. [ p ⋁ (~ q p)] → p
i. 𝑝 ~𝑞 iii. ~( p q)
ii. ~𝑝 → 𝑞 iv. p → (q → p)
3. 𝑼𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔: v. p ⋁ (~q p).
P: Kiran passed the examination. vi. ~ ( p ↔ q).
S: Kiran is sad. vii. [ p ⋁ (~ q ~p)] → p
And assuming that ‘not sad’ is happy, represent the viii. ( p → ~q) → (q ~q)
following statement in symbolic form. ix. [q ( p → q)] → p
“Kiran failed or Kiran passed as well as he is x. ~( ~p ~q )
happy” xi. [~(p ⋁ q) p]
4. Write the following statements in symbolic 13. Do as directed.
form. i. Prove that the following statements are logically
i. Bangalore is a garden city and Mumbai is a equivalent: p → q ≡ ~q → ~p
metropolitan city. ii. Show that the statements p → q and ~( p ~q) are
ii. Ram is tall or Shyam is intelligent. equivalent.
5. Write the following statements in iii. Write the truth table for “Disjunction”. Write the
symbolically. disjunction of the statements: India is a
i. If a man is happy, then he is rich. democratic country. France is in India.
ii. If a man is not rich, then he is not happy. iv. Using the truth table, Prove that p (~p ⋁ q) ≡ p
6. Write the following statements in symbolic q.
form. v. Show that p ↔ q ≡ ( p → q ) ( q → p ).
i. Akhila likes mathematics but not chemistry. vi. Using truth table show that, p → q ≡ (~p ⋁ q)
ii. IF the question paper is not easy then we shall not vii. Using truth table prove that, p → q ≡ (~q) → (~p)
pass. viii. Prove that the statement pattern ( p q)
7. Let p : Riyaz passes B.M.S. (~p⋁~q) is a contradiction.
q : Riyaz gets a job. ix. Show that the following pairs of statements are
r : Riyaz is happy. equivalent: p q and ~ (p → ~q).
Write a verbal sentence to describe the 14. Represent the following statements by
following. Venn Diagrams:
𝑖. 𝑝 → 𝑞 𝑟 𝑖𝑖. 𝑝 𝑞 ~𝑟 i. No politician is honest.
8. Using appropriate symbols, translate the ii. Some students are hard working.
following statements into symbolic form. iii. No poet is intelligent.
“A person is successful only if he is a politician or iv. Some poets are intelligent.
he has good connections”. v. Some mathematicians are wealthy. Some poets are
9. Express the following statements in verbal mathematicians. Can you conclude that some
form: poets are wealthy?
𝑖. 𝑝 𝑞 𝑖𝑖. ~𝑝 ⋁𝑞 𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑒 vi. Some parallelograms are rectangles.
𝑝: 𝑆𝑎𝑐𝑔𝑢𝑏𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑡. 𝑞: 𝑆𝑎𝑐𝑕𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑕𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑕𝑦. vii. If a quadrilateral is a rhombus, then it is a
10. Let p: Rohit is tall. q: Rohit is parallelogram.
handsome. viii. No quadrilateral is a triangle.
Write the following statements in verbal form ix. Sunday implies a holiday.
using p & q. x. If U = set of all animals.
a. ~𝑝 (~𝑞) D = Set of dogs.
b. 𝑝 ⋁(~𝑝 𝑞) W = Set of all wild animals;
11. 𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒂 𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒃𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒇𝒐𝒓 Observe the diagram and state
a. 𝑝 → ~𝑞
b. ~𝑝 ↔ ~𝑞
𝑝 ∶ 𝑅𝑎𝑚𝑎 𝑖𝑠 𝑦𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑔.

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xi. Some students are obedient.
xii. No artist is cruel.
xiii. All students are lazy.
xiv. Some students are lazy.
xv. All students are intelligent.
xvi. Some students are intelligent.
xvii. All triangles are polygons.
xviii. Some right-angled triangles are isosceles.
whether the following statements are true or false xix. All doctors are honest.
a. All wild animals are dogs. xx. Some doctors are honest.
b. Some dogs are wild.

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CH. NO. 2. LIMIT
Ex. No. 1. [Algebraic Limits]
𝑥 3 +6𝑥 2 +9𝑥 3
𝑥 3 −𝑥−7 53 14. lim𝑥→−3
1. lim𝑥→4 𝑥 3 +5𝑥 2 +3𝑥−9 4
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥−2 26
𝑥 2 +𝑥−2 3
𝑥 2 +𝑥+1 1 15. lim𝑥→1 −
2. lim𝑥→−2 2 𝑥 2 −4𝑥+3 2
𝑥 −𝑥+3 3
𝑥 5 −243 135
𝑥 3 +𝑥 2 −12 16 16. lim𝑥→3
3. lim𝑥→2 3 2 2 𝑥 2 −9 4
𝑥 −𝑥 −𝑥−2 7
𝑥 3 −𝑥−24 26 𝑦 2 −4𝑦+3 2
4. lim𝑥→3 17. lim𝑦→3
𝑥 3 +𝑥 2 −36 33 2𝑦 2 −3𝑦−9 9
3𝑥 3 +4𝑥 2 −6𝑥−1 11 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥−1 7
5. lim𝑥→1 18. lim𝑥→1
2𝑥 3 −𝑥−1 5 𝑥−1 2
𝑥 4 −3𝑥+2 1 𝑥 3 −64 16
6. lim𝑥→1 19. lim𝑥→4
3𝑥 4 −𝑥−2 11 𝑥 3 −15𝑥−4 11
𝑥 3 −2𝑥 2 −4𝑥+8 4 𝑥 2 −9
7. lim𝑥→2 20. lim𝑥→3 (3)
𝑥 3 −5𝑥 2 +8𝑥−4 1 𝑥 3 −6𝑥 2 +11𝑥−6
𝑥 3 −𝑥−24 𝑥 2 +2𝑥 𝑥−3
8. lim𝑥→3 [𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑] 21. lim𝑥→1 (5)
𝑥 3 −6𝑥 2 +9𝑥 𝑥−1
𝑥 3 −8𝑥 2 +16𝑥 𝑥 2 +3 3𝑥−12 5
9. lim𝑥→4 0 22. lim𝑥→ 3
𝑥 3 −𝑥−16 𝑥 4 −9 12
𝑥 3 −𝑥 2 −𝑥+1 1 𝑥 4 −168
10. lim𝑥→1 23. lim𝑥→ 2 𝑥 2 −5𝑥+6 5
𝑥 3 +𝑥 2 −5𝑥+3 2
8𝑥 3 −1 𝑥 4 −16
11. lim𝑥→1 (3) 24. lim𝑥→2 (−32)
3
2 4𝑥 −𝑥
𝑥 2 −5𝑥+6
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥−4 𝑥 7 +𝑥 4 −2
12. lim𝑥→ 25. lim𝑥→1 3 (11)
2 𝑥 2 −3 2𝑥+4 (−3) 𝑥 −2𝑥+1
𝑥 2 +𝑥 3−6 3
13. lim𝑥→ 3 3
𝑥 −3𝑥 2
Ex No 2. [Algebraic Limits]
1 2 1 1 1
1. lim𝑥→2 − 9. lim𝑥→1 − (1)
𝑥−2 𝑥 2 −2𝑥 2 𝑥−1 𝑥 2 −𝑥
1 5 1 3𝑥 4 11
2. lim𝑥→5 − 10. lim𝑥→1 −
𝑥−5 𝑥 2 −5𝑥 5 𝑥 2 +𝑥−2 𝑥 2 +2𝑥−3 12
1 9𝑥 𝑥 2 −5𝑥+6 𝑥 3 −27 169
3. lim𝑥→3 − (0) 11. lim𝑥→3 −
𝑥−3 𝑥 3 −27 𝑥 2 −9 𝑥 2 +𝑥−12 42
1 2 3 1 4
4. lim𝑥→2 − 12. lim𝑥→2 − (1)
𝑥−2 𝑥 𝑥 2 −3𝑥+2 2 𝑦−2 𝑦 3 −2𝑦 2
1 1 1 1
5. lim𝑥→2 − −3 13. lim𝑥→2 − (1)
𝑥 2 −5𝑥+6 2𝑥 2 −7𝑥+6 𝑥−2 𝑥 2 −3𝑥+2
1 1 2 1 27
6. lim𝑥→4 − (− ) 14. lim𝑥→3 − (1)
𝑥 2 3𝑥−4 𝑥 2 −13𝑥+36 25 𝑦−3 𝑦 4 −3𝑦 3
1 1 1
7. lim𝑥→−3 − −
𝑥 2 +4𝑥+3 𝑥 2 +8𝑥+15 2
1 1 3
8. lim𝑥→𝑎 𝑥 2 −3𝑎𝑥 +2𝑎 2
− 2𝑥 2 −3𝑎𝑥 +𝑎 2 (− 𝑎 2 )

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Ex No 3
𝒙𝒏 − 𝒂𝒏
𝐥𝐢𝐦 = 𝒏𝒂𝒏−𝟏
𝒙→𝒂 𝒙 − 𝒂
𝑥 3 −𝑎 3 3 𝑕 1
1. lim𝑥→𝑎 ( 7) 12.lim𝑕→0
10
𝑥 −𝑎 10 10𝑎 𝑎+𝑕 8 −𝑎 8 8𝑎 7
𝑥 25 −𝑎 25 5𝑎 10 1 1
2. lim𝑥→𝑎 ( ) 13.lim𝑥→2
𝑥 2 −22 3
𝑥 15 −𝑎 15 3𝑎 1 1 5
𝑦 5 −𝑏 5 5 𝑥 3 −23 26
3. lim𝑦→𝑏 ( ) 3 3
𝑥− 𝑎 2
𝑦 9 −𝑏 9 9𝑏 4
𝑦 15 −𝑏 15 3
14.lim𝑥→𝑎 1
𝑥− 𝑎
4. lim𝑦→𝑏 ( ) 3𝑎 6
𝑦 20 −𝑏20 4𝑏 5
𝑥 2 −4 4 2
𝑥 7 −128 7 15.lim𝑥→2
5. lim𝑥→2 𝑥 𝑥−2 2 3
𝑥 6 −64 3 𝑥 2 −22 4 2
𝑥 6 −64 3 16.lim𝑥→2 3 3
6. lim𝑥→2 𝑥 2 −22
3
𝑥 10 −1024 80
𝑥 8 −38 𝑥+𝑥 +𝑥 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+𝑥 𝑛 −𝑛
2 3

7. lim𝑥→3
2 17.lim𝑥→1
𝑥 12 −312 243 𝑥−1
𝒏
𝑥 7 −57 7 Note: 𝑺𝒏 = [𝟐𝒂 + 𝒏 − 𝟏 𝒅]
8. lim𝑥→5 𝟐
𝒏
𝑥 10 −510 1250
𝑥 −6 −𝑎 −6 3𝑎 2 Ans. [𝟏 + 𝒏]
𝟐
9. lim𝑥→𝑎 ( ) 3
𝑥 −8 −𝑎 −8 4 10−𝑥 −2 1
𝑥 −5 −𝑎 −5 5𝑎 2 18.lim𝑥→2 −
10.lim𝑥→𝑎 𝑥−2 12
𝑥 −7 −𝑎 −7 7
𝑎+𝑕 6 −𝑎 6
11.lim𝑕→0 6𝑎5
𝑕

Ex No 4 [Rationalizing]
𝑥+6−3 1 𝑥+1 1
1. lim𝑥→3 11.lim𝑥→ −1
𝑥 2 −9 36 ( 𝑥 2 +4𝑥+5− 𝑥 2 +1) 2
2𝑥+1−3 1 3
𝑥 −4−2
2. lim𝑥→4 12. lim𝑥→2 −6
𝑥 2 −𝑥−12 21 20−𝑥 2 −4
𝑥 2 +𝑥−20 𝑥 2 + 𝑥+6− 12 37
3. lim𝑥→4 (24) 13.lim𝑥→3
3𝑥+4−4 𝑥 2 −9 36
𝑥 2 −6𝑥+5 𝑥+3−2 1
4. lim𝑥→5 (−8) 14.lim𝑥→1
14−2𝑥−2 2𝑥−1−1 4
𝑥 2 +17−9 8 𝑎+𝑥− 𝑎−𝑥 1
5. lim𝑥→8 15.lim𝑥→0
𝑥 2 +𝑥−72 153 4𝑥 4 𝑎
𝑥 3 −5𝑥−12 𝑥+2𝑎− 3𝑎 1
6. lim𝑥→3 (11) 16.lim𝑥→𝑎
2𝑥 2 −9−3 𝑥 2 −𝑎 2 4 3𝑎 3
𝑥 4 −64𝑥 𝑥+𝑕− 𝑥 1
7. lim𝑥→4 240 17.lim𝑕→0
𝑥 2 +9−5 𝑕 2 𝑥
𝑥 2 −16 8
8. lim𝑥→4 18.lim𝑕→0
𝑥+𝑕 − 𝑥 3 3 𝑥
3
𝑥 𝑥−8 3
𝑕 2
2+𝑥− 𝑥 2 +𝑥−7 1
9. lim𝑥→3 19.lim𝑥→2
6+𝑥− 10−𝑥 1
9−𝑥 2 2 5
𝑥 2 −4 8 2
𝑥 2 −4 4 2
10.lim𝑥→2
𝑥 𝑥−2 2 3

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𝑎+𝑕− 𝑎 1 8+𝑥−3 2
20.lim𝑕→0 22.lim𝑥→1 −
𝑕 𝑎+𝑕 2𝑎 5−𝑥−2 3
3𝑥+4−4 3 𝑥 3 + 𝑥+2−10 49
21.lim𝑥→4 23.lim𝑥→2
5𝑥−4−4 5 𝑥 2 −4 16
Ex. No. 5 Trigonometric Limits
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙
𝐥𝐢𝐦 = 𝟏 & 𝐥𝐢𝐦 =𝟏
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙 𝒙→𝟎 𝒙
𝑠𝑖𝑛 25𝑥 2 sin 5𝑥 2𝜃 +3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 5
1. lim𝑥→0 25 11. lim𝑥→0 (25) 21. lim𝜃 →0
𝑥 𝑥2 3𝜃 +5𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 8
𝑠𝑖𝑛 4𝑥 sin 𝑥 2 +5𝑥 𝑥 2 +𝑥 sin 𝑥−1 2
2. lim𝑥→0 (𝜋) 12. lim𝑥→0 (5) 22. lim𝑥→0
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 2 +𝑥−2 3
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜋𝑥 𝑥
3. lim𝑥→0 4 𝑆𝑖𝑛 3 2𝑥 23. lim𝑥→0 ( 2)
𝑥 13. lim𝑥→0 (8) 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛 5𝑥 5 𝑥3
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1
4. lim𝑥→0 sin 2
𝑥
1 24. lim𝑥→0
4𝑥 4 14. lim𝑥→0 2
𝑥3 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝑥 3 𝑥2 4 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 3𝑥 9
5. lim𝑥→0 𝑠𝑖𝑛 4𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 6𝑥 24 25. lim𝑥→0
2𝑥 2 15. lim𝑥→0 𝑥2 2
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 5𝑥 2 5
6. lim𝑥→0 1 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑚𝑥 𝑚 2
𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 5𝑥 75 26. lim𝑥→0
16. lim𝑥→0 𝑥2 2
7. lim𝑥→0 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 1 7𝑥 2 7 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑚𝑥 𝑚2
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
17. lim𝑥→0
𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 +𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
2 27. lim𝑥→0 ( )
8. lim𝑥→0 0 𝑥 2 +𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥
𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑛2
𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛 3𝑥 3 3𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥 +2𝑥 8 28. lim𝑥→0 (2)
9. lim𝑥→0 18. lim𝑥→0 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2𝑥 2 3𝑥+2𝑡𝑎𝑛 3𝑥 9
7𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 +3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
10. lim𝑥→0
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥 2 19. lim𝑥→0 3𝑥 2 +𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
10
𝑡𝑎𝑛 3𝑥 3 8𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 −𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 7
20. lim𝜃 →0
3𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 +𝜃 2 3

Ex. 6. [Logarithmic Limits]

𝒂𝒙 − 𝟏
𝐥𝐢𝐦 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙
𝑒 𝑎 +𝑥 −𝑒 𝑎 10 𝑥 −2𝑥 −5𝑥 +1 4 𝑥 −1 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
1. 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥→0 10.lim𝑥→0 19.lim𝑥→0
𝑥 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑥3
𝑎 𝑥 −𝑏 𝑥 6𝑥 −3𝑥 −2𝑥 +1 𝑎 𝑥 −1 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2. lim𝑥→0 11.lim𝑥→0 20.lim𝑥→0
𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥3
32𝑥 −23𝑥 𝑥 1 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
3. lim𝑥→0 12.lim𝑥→0
4 + 𝑥 −2
4 21.lim𝑥→0
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑒 3𝑥 −𝑒 𝑥
𝑥2 2𝑥 −1 2
5𝑥 −3𝑥 5𝑥 +5−𝑥 −2
4. lim𝑥→0 13.lim𝑥→0 22.lim𝑥→0
4 𝑥 −1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥+1
𝑥2
3𝑥 −2𝑥 2 32𝑥 −1 4 𝑥 −3𝑥
5. lim𝑥→0 14.lim𝑥→0 23.lim𝑥→0
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 +𝑠𝑖𝑛 4𝑥
7𝑥 +8𝑥 +9𝑥 −3𝑥 +1 1 𝑎𝑏 𝑥 −𝑎 𝑥 𝑏
6. lim𝑥→0 5𝑥 + 𝑥 −2 24.lim𝑥→1
𝑥 15.lim𝑥→0 5 𝑥−1
𝑎 3𝑥 −𝑎 2𝑥 −𝑎 𝑥 +1 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑒 8𝑥 − 𝑒 5𝑥 − 𝑒 3𝑥 +1
7. lim𝑥→0 32𝑥 −1 25.lim𝑥→0
𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 16.lim𝑥→0 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4𝑥 −𝑐𝑜𝑠 10𝑥
𝑎 𝑥 −𝑏 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
8. lim𝑥→0 𝑒 𝑥 +3𝑥 +4 𝑥 −3
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 17.lim𝑥→0
𝑒 6𝑥 −𝑒 4𝑥 −𝑒 2𝑥 +1 𝑥
9. lim𝑥→0 𝑎 𝑥 +𝑏 𝑥 −2𝑥+1
𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 18.lim𝑥→0
𝑥

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Ex. 7. Exponential Limits
𝟏
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝟏 + 𝒙 𝒙 =𝒆
5
𝒙→𝟎
log 1+3𝑥
1. lim𝑥→0 1 + 2𝑥 𝑥 =𝑒 10 10.lim𝑥→0 =3
3
𝑥
log 5+𝑥 −log 5−𝑥 2
2. lim𝑥→0 1 + 4𝑥 𝑥 = 𝑒 12 11.lim𝑥→0 =
4 𝑥 5
5𝑥 20 𝑙𝑜𝑔 10+log ⁡(𝑥+0.1)
3. lim𝑥→0 1 +
𝑥
=𝑒 3 12.lim𝑥→0 = 10
3 𝑥
5 1 𝑥+1
4𝑥 2𝑥 1 13.lim𝑥→0 [𝑙𝑜𝑔10 + log ]=1
4. lim𝑥→0 1 − = 𝑥 10
10 log 7+𝑥 −log 7−𝑥 2
7
𝑒7 14.lim𝑥→0 =
1 𝑥 7
1+3𝑥 𝑥 7 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 −𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 1
5. lim𝑥→0 =𝑒 15.lim𝑥→3 =
1−4𝑥 𝑥−3 3
1 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 −𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 1
4𝑥+1 𝑥 16.lim𝑥→2 =
6. lim𝑥→0 = 𝑒8 𝑥−2 2
1−4𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 −1 1
1 17.lim𝑥→𝑒 =
2+𝑥 𝑥 𝑥−𝑒 𝑒
7. lim𝑥→0 =𝑒 1
2−𝑥
1
18.lim𝑥→1 𝑥 𝑥−1 =𝑒
1
4−8𝑥 𝑥 1
8. lim𝑥→0 =− 13 19.lim𝑥→2 𝑥 − 1 𝑥−2 =𝑒
4+5𝑥 1
𝑒4
log 1+𝑝𝑥 20.lim𝑥→0 𝑥 − 3 𝑥−4 =𝑒
9. lim𝑥→0 =𝑝
𝑥

Ex. 8. Trigonometric Limits

2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 −𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥 sin 𝑥+𝑕 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

1. lim𝑥→0 = (1) 11.lim𝑕→0 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
𝑥3 𝑕
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1 tan 𝑥+𝑕 −𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
2. lim𝑥→0
𝑥3
=
2
12.lim𝑕→0 = (sec 2 𝑥)
𝑕
𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛 5𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎
3. lim𝑥→0 = −2 13.lim𝑥→𝑎 = (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎)
𝑥 𝑥−𝑎
𝑐𝑜𝑠 3𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 −𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑎
4. lim𝑥→0 = (−4) 14.lim𝑥→𝑎
𝑥2 𝑥−𝑎
𝑥−𝑎
5. lim𝑥→0
𝑥2
=
1 15.lim𝑥→𝑎
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 −𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑎
𝑐𝑜𝑠 4𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠 10𝑥 42 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎
6. lim𝑥→0
𝑐𝑜𝑠 4𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠 8𝑥
= (24) 16.lim𝑥→𝑎
𝑥− 𝑎
𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑥2 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑎
7. lim𝑥→0 = −
1 17.lim𝑥→𝑎
𝑐𝑜𝑠 14𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠 10𝑥 48 𝑥−𝑎
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 −𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 1
8. lim𝑥→0
𝑐𝑜𝑠 8𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥
=
15 18.lim𝑥→𝜋 𝜋 =
2 −𝑥 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠 12𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠 4𝑥 32 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑚𝑥 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥 𝑚 2 −𝑛 2 sin 𝜋𝑥
9. lim𝑥→0 = 19.lim𝑥→1 =(𝜋)
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑝𝑥 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑞𝑥 𝑝 2 −𝑞 2 1−𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 −1 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 −1 1
10.lim𝑥→0 = 20.lim𝑥→𝜋 2 =
𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 +1 3 16 2
𝜋
−𝑥 2
2

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1+cos 𝜋𝑥 𝜋2 3−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 4
21.lim𝑥→1 2
= 26.lim𝑥→𝜋 =
1−𝑥 2 3 𝜋−3𝑥 3
1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
22.lim𝑥→𝜋 = 27.lim𝑥→𝜋
4 𝜋−4𝑥 2 𝜋−6𝑥
6
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
23.lim𝑥→𝜋 = 28.lim𝑥→𝜋
4 𝜋−4𝑥 2 2 1− 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
4
3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 +𝑐𝑜𝑠 3𝑥
24.lim𝑥→𝜋 = 29.lim𝑥→𝜋
2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 −1
−
1
2 𝜋−2𝑥 3
4 1−𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 2
5+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 −2 1
25.lim𝑥→𝜋 =
𝜋−𝑥 2 8

𝒇 𝒙+𝒉 −𝒇(𝒙)
Ex. 9. Using first principle find 𝒇′ 𝒙 or Find 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝒉→𝟎
𝒉
1. 𝑓 𝑥 =𝑥 1 17. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
9. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑥
2. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥2 18. 𝑓 𝑥 = sin2 𝑥
3. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥3 10. 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 1 19. 𝑓 𝑥 = cos 2 𝑥
4. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥4 11. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑥 20. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
5. 𝑓 𝑥 =
1
12. 𝑓 𝑥 = 1 + 𝑥2 21. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑥
13. 𝑓 𝑥 =
1 22. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑎2𝑥
6. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑥+3 2
23. 𝑓 𝑥 = log 3𝑥 + 2
7. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑐 14. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
1 24. 𝑓 𝑥 = log⁡ (2𝑥 − 1)
8. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 15. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
16. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑥

Ex. 10.

𝑓 2+𝑕 −𝑓 2
1. 𝐼𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 lim𝑕→0 𝟕
𝑕
𝑓 3+𝑕 −𝑓 3
2. 𝐼𝑓 lim𝑕→0 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑢𝑡, 𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 5 𝟗
𝑕
𝑓 𝑥 −𝑓 1 𝟏
3. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 lim𝑥→1 𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥2 + 3
𝑥 2 −1 𝟒
𝑓 1+𝑕 −𝑓 1 𝟏
4. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 lim𝑕→0 𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑓 𝑥 = 7 − 2𝑥 −
𝑕 𝟓
𝑓 3+𝑕 −𝑓 3
5. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 lim𝑕→0 𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑓 𝑥 = 7 − 2𝑥 −𝟏
𝑕
𝑓 −3+𝑕 −𝑓 −3 1 𝟏
6. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 lim𝑕→0 𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥−5 − 𝟔𝟒
𝑕
𝑓 2+𝑕 −𝑓(2) 1 𝟏
7. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 lim𝑕→0 𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 +2 −𝟗
𝑕
𝑓 1+𝑕 −𝑓(1) 𝑥+5
8. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 lim𝑕→0 𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥+1 (−𝟏)
𝑕

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Continuity
Ex. No. 1.
I. Discuss the continuity for the following functions and if the function discontinues,
determine whether the discontinuity is removable.
𝑒 3𝑥 −1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 0;
𝑥2
=4 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 0, 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0.
2. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 3 − 2 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 1;
=2 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 1, 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 1.
3𝑥 −1 2
3. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 0;
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1+𝑥)
= 2𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 0, 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0.
𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 +3𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
4. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 0;
𝑥 2 +𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
=4 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 0, 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0.
𝑥+6−3
5. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 3;
𝑥 2 −9
1
= 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 3, 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 3.
2
𝑒 5𝑥 −𝑒 2𝑥
6. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 0;
𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝑥
=1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 0, 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0.
3−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝜋
7. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 3 ;
𝜋 −3𝑥
4 𝜋 𝜋
= 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = , 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = .
3 3 3
5𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 −1 𝜋
8. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝜋 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 2 ;
−𝑥
2
𝜋 𝜋
= 2𝑙𝑜𝑔5 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = , 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = .
2 2
5𝑥 −3𝑥
9. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 0;
2𝑥 −1
5
log 3
= 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 0, 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0.
𝑙𝑜𝑔2
𝑥 2 −16
10. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 4;
𝑥−4
=9 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 4, 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 4.
11. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 1 𝑓𝑜𝑟0 ≤ 𝑥 < 2;
= 4𝑥 + 1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4 , 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 2.
12. 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 3 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 2;
=4 𝑓𝑜𝑟 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 5, 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 2.
13. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 5 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 3;
= 2𝑥 + 5 𝑓𝑜𝑟 3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 6, 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 3.

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Ex. No. 2.
𝑒 3𝑥 −1
1. 𝐼𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 = , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 < 0;
𝑎𝑥
= 1, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 0;
log⁡
(1 + 𝑏𝑥)
= 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 0 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎 & 𝑏.
4𝑥

2
3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 −1
2. 𝐼𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 = , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 0; 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑓 0 .
𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1+𝑥)

3. 𝐼𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0 𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑒
𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑎−𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 0;
𝑥
=𝑘 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 0 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑘.

2
7𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 −1
4. 𝐼𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1+5𝑥) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 0; 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑓 0 .
𝑐𝑜𝑠 3𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
5. 𝐼𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 0; 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑓 0 .
𝑥2
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑘𝑥
6. 𝐼𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 0; 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑘, 𝑖𝑓 𝑓 0 = 3.
𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
15 𝑥 −3𝑥 −5𝑥 +1
7. 𝐼𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 = , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 0; 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑓 0 .
𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
8. 𝐼𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0 𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑒
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 𝛼, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 0;
= 2 𝑥2 + 1 + 𝛽 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 < 0 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝛼&𝛽 𝑖𝑓 𝑓 0 = 2.

9. 𝐼𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0 𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑒
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 𝛼, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≥ 0;
= 2 𝑥2 + 1 + 𝛽 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 < 0 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝛼&𝛽 𝑖𝑓 𝑓 2 = 4.

10. 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑢𝑠𝑠 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔.

3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 1
𝑓 𝑥 = 2 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 [0,5]
2𝑥 − 𝑥 − 15

11. 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑢𝑠𝑠 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔.

3𝑥 2 −2𝑥−1
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 +7𝑥+12 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 [−2, −7]

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CH. NO. 3. DIFFERENTIATION (DERIVATIVES)
EX. NO. 1. 𝑫𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒄𝒕 𝒕𝒐 𝒙.
1. 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 6.
5
+
1
− 𝑥𝑛 11. 𝑥 1 +
3
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
2. 4𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 1 4 1 1
7. 5𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑥 3 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 2 12. + 5−𝑥
3. 𝑥 𝑎 + 𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑎𝑎 1
𝑒 −𝑥
4 8. + sin−1 𝑥 + cos −1 𝑥
4. 7𝑥 3 + 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 3
𝑥2
−1
1 9. tan 𝑥 + sec −1 𝑥
5. 𝑎𝑥 𝑏 + 𝑥 3 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
1 2
10. 𝑥+ 𝑥

EX. NO. 2.
1. 5𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 19.
1+𝑥
32.
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
1−𝑥 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2. 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥3 1+ 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
20. 33.
3. 4𝑥 𝑥 4 1− 𝑥 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑥 2 +1 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
4. 𝑥 −3 3𝑥 21. 34. 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑥 2 −1
5. 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
22.
3𝑥−5 35.
6. 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 2𝑥+3 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 −1
𝑥 3 −5𝑥+2 36.
7. 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 23. 𝑒 𝑥 +1
2𝑥+1
8. 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑥 2 +𝑥−1 37.
3+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

9. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 24. 1+3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

𝑥 2 +𝑥−3 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
25.
𝑥 38.
10. 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑥−1 𝑥−2
𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 +𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
11. 𝑥 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 39.
26. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
12. (𝑥−1)(x-2) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥
13. 2𝑥 + 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥. 27. 40. 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥
1+𝑥
14. 𝑥 2 + 1 (𝑥 2 −x+1) 28.
𝑒𝑥
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥
15. 𝑥 + 1 (𝑥−2)(x+3) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 41.
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥
𝑥 2 +𝑥−1
16. 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 29. 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 42. 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 +𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
17. 𝑥. 5𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 30.
𝑥+ 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥+1
43. 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 3𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
2
18. 𝑥+1 𝑥
31.
1+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑢
44. If 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥. 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑥 = sec 2 𝑥 𝑏𝑦 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑥 𝑣

EX. NO. 3.
1
1. 𝑥2 + 1 5
6.
4 𝑥 2 +1
2. 2𝑥 + 3 1
3 7.
2𝑥+1
3. 2𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 + 1 2
1
8. 2𝑥 + 1 +
4. 𝑎2 − 𝑥2 𝑥 2 +3

5. 1 − 𝑥2

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9.
1−𝑥 46.
𝑥 2+ 𝑎 2+ 𝑥 2+ 𝑏2
1+𝑥
𝑥 2 +𝑒 3𝑥
47. 𝑎
10. 𝑥 𝑥 2 + 1
48. 𝑥 2 . 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
11. 𝑥 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2
1
49. 𝑥 3 cos 𝑥 2
12. 3 50. 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 sin 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
2𝑥 2 −5𝑥+1
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
13. 𝑥+ 𝑥 51. 𝑎
1
14. sin 3𝑥 52. 𝑦 = 7𝑥+𝑥
15. cos 8𝑥 + 5 53. 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 +𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
16. sin2 𝑥 54. log⁡ (tan1 𝑥)
17. sin3 𝑥 55. log 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
18. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 56. (log 𝑥)3
19. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 0 (𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2
57. log⁡
20. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 0 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 0 58. log 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2
21. sin−1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
59. log[𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 ]
22. tan−1 𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑎 2 −𝑥 2 𝑎2 𝑥
23. sin−1 𝑥 2 60. + sin−1
2 2 𝑎
24. tan−1 𝑥 2 61.
𝑥 𝑥 2 −𝑎 2 𝑎2
− 2 log 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2
𝑥 2
25. sin−1 𝑥 𝑥 2 +𝑎 2 𝑎2
𝑎
62. + log 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2
𝑥 2 2
26. sin−1 2
3
𝑥 𝑥−2 5
63. log 𝑒 𝑥+3
−1 𝑥
27. sin 2𝑎 𝑥+1
1 64. log 𝑒 3𝑥
𝑥−5
28. sin−1 𝑥
29. log 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 3 1+2𝑥 2
65. log 53𝑥
30. log 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑥−1

31. log 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑥−3 3

32. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 2 66. log 𝑎3𝑥 2𝑥+1
33. sin2 𝑒 3𝑥 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥
34. sin 𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 67. log 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥
35. sin(𝑚 sin−1 𝑥) 68. log
cos 𝑥
1−sin 𝑥
36. cos 𝑚 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
37. 𝑒 𝑚 sin 𝑥
−1 69. log 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
38. 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 70. log
𝑥 2 +𝑎 2 +𝑥
𝑥 2 +𝑎 2 −𝑥
39. sin2 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
40. 32𝑥 + log 𝑥 − 3 71. log 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
41. log 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑥 2 +4
72. log 2𝑥 sin 3𝑥+2
42. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑦
43.
1 73. If 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥
𝑆. 𝑇. 𝑑𝑥 = 1 − 𝑦2 .
𝑎 cos 𝑥+𝑏 sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
44. 1 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥 74. If 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 − cot 𝑥 , 𝑆. 𝑇. 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
1
45.
𝑥+ 1+𝑥 2

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EX. NO. 4. INVERSE

sin 𝑥
1. sin−1 1 − 𝑥 2 23. tan−1 45. tan−1
𝑥
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1+20𝑥
2. cos−1 1 − 𝑥 2 24. tan−1 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 1− 𝑥+3 𝑥+4
−1
46. cot −1
3. sin 2𝑥 1 − 𝑥 2 𝑥− 𝑎 2 −𝑥 2 2𝑥+7
25. tan−1 −1 𝑥+ 𝑥
4. sin−1
1 𝑥+ 𝑎 2 −𝑥 2 47. tan
1− 𝑥 3
1+𝑥 2 𝑥2 8𝑥
2𝑥 26. tan−1 48. tan −1
5. sin−1 1+𝑥 2 𝑎 2 −𝑥 2 1−16𝑥 2
2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 +3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 5𝑥+𝑠𝑖𝑛 5𝑥
6. sin −1
3𝑥 − 4𝑥 3 27. cos−1 49. cot −1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 5𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛 5𝑥
13
4𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛 4𝑥
7. sin−1 1+4𝑥 2 28. cos −1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 50. cot −1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4𝑥+𝑠𝑖𝑛 4𝑥
2
−1
8. cos 1 − 2𝑥 2 𝛼+ 1−𝑥 2 51. cot −1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥
−1 1 29. cos−1
9. sec 2 1+𝑥
1−2𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 +𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 52. cot −1 1−𝑥
1 30. sin−1
10. sec −1 2𝑥 2 −1 2 1−3𝑥 3
−1 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 +𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 53. cot −1
1 31. sin 3𝑥−𝑥 3
11. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑎 2 +𝑏 2 1+𝑥
2𝑥 1−𝑥 2 𝑏𝑥 +𝑎 54. sec −1 2 𝑥
1−𝑥 2 32. tan−1
12. sin−1 1+𝑥 2 𝑏−𝑎𝑥
2𝑥 2
33. tan −1 𝑎+𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 55. sin−1 1+𝑥 4
1+𝑥 2
13. sec −1 𝑏−𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
8𝑥
1−𝑥 2 5𝑥 56. sin−1 1+16𝑥 2
−1
𝑎 2 +𝑥 2 34. tan
1−6𝑥 2
14. sec −1 1+25𝑥 2
𝑎
35. tan−1
𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 +𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 57. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1
𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 −𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 10𝑥
1+𝑥 2
15. cos−1 −1 3−2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 −1 1−36𝑥
2 36. cot 58. cos 1+36𝑥 2
2+3𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑥 1−25𝑥 2
16. tan−1
1−𝑥 2 37. tan −1 59. sin−1 1+25𝑥 2
𝑥 1+56𝑥 2
13𝑥 1−𝑥
𝑥 38. tan−1 60. cos−1
17. tan−1 1−42𝑥 2 1+𝑥
1−𝑥 2
𝑥 1−𝑥 2
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 39. tan−1 61. cos−1 1+𝑥 2
18. tan−1 1+12𝑥 2
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 2𝑥 1+𝑥+ 1−𝑥
40. tan−1 62. sin−1
1+15𝑥 2 2
−1 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
19. tan 4 𝑥
63. sin −1
𝑥 + cos −1
1−𝑥
1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 41. tan−1 1−4𝑥
1−𝑥 3 64. sin−1 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 +
20. tan−1 1+𝑥 2
1+𝑥 42. cot −1 𝑥−𝑥 1−𝑥2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
−1
21. tan 1+ 𝑥2 +𝑥 𝑒 − 𝑥 +𝑒 𝑥
43. tan−1 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 2
65. 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1
1+𝑥 2 −1 2
22. tan−1 𝑥 44. tan−1
1+𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

EX. NO. 5. LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

5 1 2
4
1. 𝑥+3 2𝑥 + 1 2 3𝑥 − 1 3
3.
𝑥 1−2𝑥 3
3
5 7 1
2−3𝑥 4
2. 𝑥+2 4 2𝑥 − 3 2 3𝑥 − 1 3

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3
2𝑥−1 2 20. 𝑥 log 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
4. 5 1 −1
𝑥+1 3 3𝑥−2 3 21. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑥 sin 𝑥
𝑥 3 −1
3
2𝑥−1 22. 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + (sin 𝑥) 𝑥
5.
𝑥−3 4𝑥−1 23. 𝑥 𝑥 + sin−1 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
6.
𝑎+𝑥
𝑥2 + 5 24. 𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑥
𝑎−𝑥
25. (sin 𝑥)𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑥
𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 .𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
7. 1−2𝑥 26. 𝑥 + log 𝑥 𝑥+1
𝑥
8. 𝑥 27. cos 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑥
9. 𝑥 28.
𝑥 1+𝑥 2
10. 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 29.
11. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 1+𝑥 2
𝑥
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 sin −1 𝑥
12. 𝑥 30.
1−𝑥 2
13. (tan−1 𝑥) 𝑥 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
31. 1+𝑥 2
14. sin−1 𝑥 cos 𝑥
(tan −1 𝑥)𝑥
15. 𝑥 sin 𝑥
−1 32.
1+𝑥 2
16. cos−1 𝑥 𝑥 33. 𝑥 + 𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑎
𝑥

17. 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 34. 𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 22

𝑥
18. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑥 35. 𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑥
𝑥
19. 𝑥𝑥 36. 1 + 𝑥 3 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥+2 𝑑𝑦 𝑥2
37. If 𝑦 = then show that + log =
𝑥 2 +1 𝑥+1 𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥 𝑥+1
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑥 𝑥𝑠𝑒 𝑐 2 𝑥 2𝑥
38. If 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 then show that = −
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 1+𝑥 2

EX. NO. 6. IMPLICIT FUNCTION

1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑔𝑥 + 2𝑓𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 11. 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 + 𝑦
2. 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = 3𝑎𝑥𝑦 12. 𝑥 = 𝑦 + tan−1 𝑦
3. 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = 3𝑎𝑥 2 𝑦 13. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = sin 𝑥𝑦
4. 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2𝑕𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 + 2𝑔𝑥 + 2𝑓𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0. 14. 𝑥+ 𝑦= 𝑥
5. 𝑦 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 15. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥𝑦
6. 𝑥2 𝑦2 = 𝑥2 − 𝑦2 16. 𝑥𝑦 = log 𝑥𝑦
7. 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑦 + 𝑒𝑦 17. 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
8. 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 18. 𝑦 𝑦 = 𝑥. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦
9. 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥−𝑦 2 2 2

𝑑𝑦 𝑒𝑦
19. 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = 𝑎3
10. If 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥+𝑦 show that 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑒 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 𝑥 2 −1
20. If 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑥 = 1, Show that = −𝑦 2 +1
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 2 −1
𝑥+𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
21. If sec 𝑥−𝑦
= 𝑎, 𝑠𝑕𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥

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𝑥 2 −𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
22. If sin−1 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
= log 𝑎, show that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑥 2 −𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
23. If cos−1 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 = tan−1 𝑎, show that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑥 3 −𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
24. If log 𝑥 3 +𝑦 3 = 𝑎, show that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑥 2 −𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
25. If cos−1 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 = 2𝑘, show that 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 tan2 𝑘
𝑥 2 −𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑎
26. If tan−1 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 = 𝑎, show that 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑎
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
27. If 𝑥 4 𝑦 5 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 9 , show that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
28. If 𝑥 3 𝑦 𝑘 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 3+𝑘
, show that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
29. If 𝑥 𝑝 𝑦 𝑞 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑝+𝑞
, show that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
30. If 𝑥 𝑚 𝑦 𝑛 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑚 +𝑛
, show that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 sin 2 (𝑎+𝑦)
31. If sin 𝑦 = 𝑥. sin 𝑎 + 𝑦 , show that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
32. If 𝑦 = 𝑥. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦, show that 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥 1−𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
33. If 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥−𝑦 , show that 𝑑𝑥 = 1+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 1+𝑥𝑦
34. If 𝑦 = 𝑥. 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 , show that =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 1−𝑥𝑦
𝑥+𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑘
35. If 𝑦=𝑘 , show that =
𝑑𝑥 1−𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑘
𝑑𝑦 − 1+𝑦 1−𝑥 2
36. If 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑦, show that =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 1−𝑥 2
𝑦 𝑥 𝑚
37. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑎
38. 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑦 𝑥 = 1
𝑑𝑦 𝑒𝑦
39. If 𝑦 = 1 + 𝑥𝑒 𝑦 , show that =
𝑑𝑥 2−𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑦2
40. If 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 , show that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑦−𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 −1
41. If 𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑦 , Prove that 𝑑𝑥 = log 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 2
42. If 𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑦 𝑥 , Prove that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 −1
𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑥+𝑦
43. If log 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = tan−1 show that =
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥−𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔 5−𝑦
44. If 𝑥 𝑦 = 5𝑥−𝑦 , show that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔 5𝑥

EX. NO. 7. PARAMETER FUNCTIONS

In the following problems 𝑡, 𝜃, 𝑚 are parameters
𝑑𝑦 1
1. If 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑡 2 , 𝑦 = 2𝑎𝑡, 𝑠𝑕𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑡
𝑑𝑦
2. If 𝑥 − acos 𝜃 , 𝑦 = 𝑏 sin 𝜃 , 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑏 cot 𝜃 = 0
3. Differentiate 𝑥 2 + 1 w.r.to 𝑥 3
4. Differentiate 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 w.r.to sin 𝑥

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𝑑𝑦 𝜋
5. If 𝑥 = sin2 𝜃 and 𝑦 = tan 𝜃 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑥 𝑎𝑡 𝜃 = 4
𝑑𝑦
6. If 𝑥 = 𝑎 sec 𝜃 , 𝑦 = 𝑎 tan 𝜃, show that = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
7. If 𝑥 = 𝑎 sin3 𝜃 , 𝑦 = 𝑎 cos3 𝜃 , 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑡 + cot 𝜃 = 0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝜃
8. If 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 , 𝑦 = 𝑎 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 , 𝑠𝑕𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑥 = = tan 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑡
9. If 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑡 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 , 𝑦 = 𝑎 1 − cos 𝑡 , 𝑠𝑕𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑥 = cot 2
𝑑𝑦
10. If 𝑥 = 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 2 sin3 𝜃, 𝑦 = 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 2 cos3 𝜃, 𝑠𝑕𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑥 = tan 𝜃
𝑑𝑦
11. If 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝜃 cos 𝜃 , 𝑦 = 𝑎 cos 𝜃 + 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 , 𝑠𝑕𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑡 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃
𝑑𝑥
𝑎 𝑎𝑚 𝑑𝑦 2𝑚 3 −1
12. If 𝑥 = 1+𝑚 3 , 𝑦 = 1+𝑚 3 , 𝑠𝑕𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑥 = 3𝑚 2
𝑎 1−𝑡 2 2𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑦 𝑡 2 −1
13. If 𝑥 = 2 ,𝑦 = 2 , 𝑠𝑕𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑡 =
1+𝑡 1+𝑡 𝑑𝑥 2𝑡
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑡 𝑑𝑦 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑡 −𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑡
14. If 𝑥 = 𝑒 ,𝑦 = 𝑒 , 𝑠𝑕𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑡 + = 0.
𝑑𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 2𝑡
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑡 𝑑𝑦 𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
15. If 𝑥 = 𝑒 , 𝑦=𝑒 , 𝑆𝑕𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑡 = −
𝑑𝑥 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦
−1 𝑡 −1 1 𝑑𝑦
16. If 𝑥 = sin 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = cos , 𝑠𝑕𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑥 = 1
1+𝑡 2 1+𝑡 2
2𝑏𝑡 1−𝑡 2 𝑑𝑢 𝑏2𝑣
17. If 𝑢 = 1+𝑡 2 , 𝑣 = 𝑎 1+𝑡 2
, 𝑠𝑕𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑣 = − 𝑎 2 𝑢
18. Differentiate 𝑥. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 with respect to 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑥 1
19. Differentiate tan−1 with respect to sec −1 2𝑥 2 −1
1−𝑥 2
1+𝑥 2 +𝑥
20. Differentiate log with respect to log 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
1+𝑥 2 −𝑥
𝑑𝑦 3𝜃
21. If 𝑥 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 , 𝑦 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃, 𝑠𝑕𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑡 = tan
𝑑𝑥 2
22. Differentiate 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑥 with respect to 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥.
23. Differentiate log10 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 with respect to cos 𝑥
1−𝑥 2
24. Differentiate tan−1 𝑥
with respect to cos−1 2𝑥 1 − 𝑥 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
25. Differentiate tan−1 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 with respect to sec −1 𝑥
−1 2
26. Differentiate cos 2𝑥 − 1 with respect to 1 − 𝑥 2
27. Differentiate cos −1 2𝑥 − 1 with respect to 1 − 𝑥 2
𝑐 𝑑𝑦
28. If 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 , 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 , 𝑡𝑕𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑕𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑡 = − cot 2𝜃.
2 𝑑𝑥

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CH. 4. APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

Ex. No. 1 Approx.

1. Find approximately, the value of
100.1, 64.1
3
2. Find approximately, the value of 28 to
three decimal place.
3
3. Find approximately, the value of 26.96 to
four decimal places.
3 3
4. Find approximately, the value of 997, 63
5. Find approximately, the value of 4.1 4 &
3.07 4
6. Find approximately, the value of
𝑡𝑎𝑛(450 30′ ) given 10 = 0.0175𝑐
7. Find approximately, the value of
𝑠𝑖𝑛 310 , 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 10 = 0.0175𝑐 , 𝑐𝑜𝑠300 =
0.0866, 𝑠𝑖𝑛300 = 0.5
8. Find approximately, the value of cos(89030’),
given 10 = 0.0175𝑐
9. Find approximately, the value of cos(30030’),
given
10 = 0.0175𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠300 = 0.0866, 𝑠𝑖𝑛300 =
0.5
10. Find approximately, the value of
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 1.001 , 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 0.999
11. Find approximately, the value of
𝑒 2.1 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑒 2 = 7.389
12. Find approximately, the value of
𝑒 1.002 , 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑒 = 2.71828.
13. Find approximately, the value of
𝑙𝑜𝑔10 1016 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝑒 = 2.3026.
14. Find approximately the value of
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 101 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 10 = 203026
15. Find approximately, the value of 𝑙𝑜𝑔9.01
given 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 = 1.0986.
16. Find approximately, the value of
1 1
511 3 , 80.7 4
17. Find approximately, the value of 𝑓 𝑥 =
2𝑥 3 + 7𝑥 + 1 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 2.001
18. Find approximately, the value of 5𝑥 2 +
80
𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 5.083
𝑥
19. Find approximately, the value of
5
32.01 , 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 = 1.0986 𝑎𝑛𝑑 31.5

Ex. No. 2 Error

1. Radius of the sphere is measured as 12 cm
with an error of 0.06cm. Find
a. Approximate error
b. Relative error
c. Percentage error in calculating
the volume.
2. Radius of a sphere is measures as 25 cm
with an error of 0.01cm. Find
a. Approximate error
b. Relative error
c. Percentage error in calculating
the volume.
3. Radius of a sphere is found to be 24cm
with the possible error of 0.01cm. Find
approximately
a. Consequent error
b. Relative error
c. Percentage error in the surface
area of the sphere.
4. The side of a square is 5 meter is
incorrectly measured as 5.11 meters. Find
up to one decimal place the resulting
error in the calculation of the area of
sphere.
5. If an edge of a cube is measured as 2m
with an possible error of 0.5 cm. Find the
corresponding error in calculating the
volume of the cube.
6. Find the approx error in the surface area
of the cube having an edge of 3m. If an

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error of 2cm is made in measuring the
edge. Also find the percentage error.
7. The volume of a cone is found by
measuring its height and diameter of base
as 7 cm and 5 cm respectively. It is found
that the diameter is measured incorrectly
to the extent of 0.06 cm. Find the
consequent error in the volume.
8. The diameter of a spherical ball is found
to be 2cm with a possible error of
0.082mm. Find approximately the possible
error in the calculated value of the volume
of the ball.
9. Side of an equilateral triangle is measured
as 6cm with a possible error of 0.4mm.
Find approximate error in the calculated
value of its area.
10. Find the approximate % error in
calculating the volume of a sphere, if an
error of 2% is made in measuring its
radius.
11. If an error of 0.3% in the measurement of
12. If the radius of a spherical balloon
increases 0.1%. Find the approximate %
increase in its volume.
13. Under ideal conditions a perfect gas
satisfies the equation PV = K; where P =
Pressure, V = Volume and K = Constant. If
K = 60 and Pressure is found by
measurement to be 1.5 unit with error of
0.05 per unit. Find approximately the
error in calculating the volume.
14. In ∆ABC, ∠B is measured using the
𝑎 2 +𝑐 2 −𝑏 2
formula 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 = 2𝑎𝑐
. Find the error
in calculation of ∠B if an error of 2% is
made in the measurement of side b.
15. Area of the triangle is calculated by the
1
formula 𝑏𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴. If ∠A is measured as 300
2
with 1% error. Find the % error in the
area.
16. Time (T) for completing certain length (L)
is given by the equation 𝑇 = 2𝜋
𝑙
where
𝑔

the radius of spherical balloon, find the g is a constant. Find the % error in the
%error in its volume. measure of period, if the error in the
measurement of length (L) is 1.2%.

Ex. No. 3. MAXIMA AND MINIMA

1. Examine each of the function for Maximum and Minimum.
i. 𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 2 + 24𝑥
ii. 2𝑥 3 − 15𝑥 2 + 36𝑥 + 10
iii. 8𝑥 3 − 75𝑥 2 + 150𝑥
7𝑥 2 𝑥3
2. Output ′𝑄′, is given by 𝑄 = 10 + 60𝑥 + − . Where x is the input. Find Input for which
2 3
output ‘Q’ is maximum.
3. Find the position of the point P on seg AB of length 12cm, so that 𝐴𝑃2 + 𝐵𝑃2 is minimum.
4. Find two Natural Number whose sum is
i. 30 and product is maximum.
ii. 18 and the sum of the square is minimum.
iii. 16 and the sum of the cube is minimum.
5. Find two Natural numbers x and y such that
i. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 2 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚.
ii. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 60 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥𝑦 3 𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚.
6. Product of two natural numbers is 36. Find them when their sum is minimum.

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7. Product of two Natural Number is 144. Find them when their sum is minimum.
8. Divide 70 in two part, such that
i. Their product is maximum
ii. The sum of their square is minimum.
9. Divide 100 in two part, such that the sum of their squares is minimum.
10. Divide 12 in two parts, so that the product of their square of one part and fourth power of the
other is maximum.
11. Divide 10 in two part, such that sum of twice of one part and square of the other is minimum.
12. The perimeter of a rectangle is 100 cm. Find the length of sides when its area is maximum.
13. Perimeter of a rectangle is 48cm. Find the length of its sides when its area is maximum.
14. A metal wire 36cm long is bent to form a rectangle. Find its dimensions when its areas is
maximum.
15. A box with a square base and open top is to be made from a material of area 192 sq. cm. Find
its dimensions so as to have the largest volume.
16. An open tank with a square base is to be constructed so as to hold 4000 cu.mt. of water. Find
its dimensions so as to use the minimum area of sheet metal.
17. Find the maximum volume of a right circular cylinder if the sum of its radius and height is 6
mts.

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CH. NO. 5. INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

Ex. No. 1 Integrate the following functions
1. 4𝑥 3 21. 𝑥 − 1 2 𝑥 37. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2. 3𝑥 2 22. 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3 𝑥 38. sin 2 𝑥
3
3. 𝑥2 23.
𝑥+2 𝑥+3
39. tan2 3𝑥 − sin 4𝑥 + 3
1 𝑥
4. 2𝑥 3 +5𝑥 2 +4 40.
1
− 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2
𝑥
2𝑥 3
1
24. 1−𝑥 2 2
𝑥
5. 41. cot 2 𝑥 − sin 5𝑥 + 3 +
𝑥 𝑥 3 −2𝑥 2 +5𝑥−7+𝑥 2 𝑎 𝑥
4 25. 1
6. 𝑥3 𝑥 .
𝑥
𝑥 2 +3𝑥−2+ 𝑥7𝑥
7. 2𝑥 + 5 26. 42.
1
𝑥
1 1
4−9𝑥 2
8. 27. 3
1
𝑥 −3 + 𝑥 + 2 1
3𝑥−2
𝑥
43.
1 5−3𝑥 2
9. 𝑥+1 (𝑥+2) 1
4
3𝑥−2 3 28. 44.
2 5−4𝑥 2
1
10. 4 29.
1
1+𝑥
1 1
45. 9+𝑥 2
2−3𝑥 3 𝑥
1 1
11. 2𝑥 + 1 + 1 2 46. 3𝑥 2 +5
3𝑥+5 30. 𝑥 + 𝑥
1 1
12. 1 47. 9𝑥 2 +25
3𝑥−2 3 31. 𝑥− 𝑥−1 1
1
13. 1 48. 3𝑥 2 +4
7−3𝑥 3 32. 𝑎+𝑥− 𝑎 1
𝑥
14. 7 1 49.
33. 5𝑥 2 +4
15. 53𝑥 3𝑥+10− 3𝑥−7 1
𝑥+1 50.
16. 3𝑥 2𝑥 34. 4𝑥 2 +25
𝑥−2 1
17. 𝑒 5𝑥 + 3−5𝑥 𝑥+2 51.
35. 3𝑥 2 +2
𝑥+3
18. 4𝑥 3𝑥 1
52. 25−9𝑥 2
𝑥+ 1−𝑥 2
19. 𝑒 𝑥 2𝑥 36.
𝑥 1−𝑥 2 1
53. 4−9𝑥 2
20. 4𝑥 52𝑥
Ex. No. 2. Integrate the following functions
1. sin2 𝑥 9. cos3 𝑥 17. 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥
1

2. cos2 𝑥 10. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

18. 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
3.
𝑥
sin2 2 11. sin2 𝑥 cos 2 𝑥
12. sin3 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 19. 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
2 𝑥
4. cos 13. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 20. 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
2
2
5. cos 3𝑥 1
14. sin 2 𝑥𝑐𝑜 𝑠 2 𝑥 21. 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
6. tan2 𝑥 1 22. 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
15. 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
7. cot 2 𝑥 23. 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
1
8. sin3 𝑥 16. 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
24. 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

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2
25. 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 32. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 40. 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥
26. 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
1 33. sec 2 3𝑥 − 1 41. 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠7𝑥
sin 2 𝑥 42. 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 34. 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
27. 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 43. 𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛7𝑥
sin 2 𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
28. 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 35. 44. sin−1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 2
1−2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
29. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 +𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 36. 45. tan−1
sin 2 𝑥 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 −4 −1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
30. 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 37. 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 46. tan 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥
31. cos 2 𝑥𝑠𝑖 𝑛 2 𝑥 38. 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥 47. tan −1 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
39. 𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥
Ex. No. 3. Integrate the following functions
Note: - Whenever the degree (Highest Power of a polynomial equation) of the numerator is
greater than or equal to the degree of the denominator then divide the numerator by
denominator.
𝑥 2+𝑥 5𝑥 2 +𝑥−1
1. 7. 13.
𝑥+1 2−𝑥 𝑥−1
𝑥+3 𝑥 2 +1
2. 𝑥 2 −1
𝑥−3 8. 14. 𝑥 2 +1
𝑥−1
2𝑥+3
3. 2𝑥 2 +𝑥 𝑥
𝑥+1 9. 15.
𝑥−1 𝑥+1 2
2𝑥+1
4. 𝑥 3 +5𝑥 2 +2𝑥+3 𝑥 2 −2𝑥+3
𝑥+2 10. 16.
5𝑥+4 2𝑥−1 𝑥 −1 2
5. 5𝑥 2 −6𝑥+3
𝑥+2 11.
2𝑥+1 2𝑥+1
6. 5𝑥 2 +3𝑥+1
3𝑥−2
12. 2𝑥−1

Ex. No. 4. Integration by Substitution

1. 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 2 𝑒𝑥 [ tan −1 𝑥)
2
11. 20.
2 4−𝑒 2𝑥 1+𝑥 2
2. 2𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
12. 25−cos 2 𝑥 21. 3
3. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 2
𝑥 13. 2+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 2
4−sin 2 𝑥
4.
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
1 22.
log 1+ 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
14. 𝑒 𝑥 1+𝑥
5. 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑛
𝑛 −1 𝑥 𝑥+1 23. cos 2
𝑥 𝑥𝑒 𝑥
log ⁡
(tan )
6. 𝑥 𝑛 −1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑛 15. 2 1
sinx 24. 𝑥𝑐𝑜 𝑠 2
7. 𝑥 2 sec 2 𝑥 3 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
16. 25. 1+sin 2 𝑥
8. 3𝑥 2 tan2 𝑥 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑒𝑥 cos 3 𝑥 2
9. 17. 26.
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥
𝑒 2𝑥 −4 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 2
1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑒𝑥
10. 𝑒 2𝑥 +1 18. 2𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1
27. 𝑥.𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
19. sin3 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

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1 4𝑥+10 𝑒𝑥
28. 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 .log 49. 𝑥 2 +5𝑥−1 70. 𝑥
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
𝑒 2 −1
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 3 5𝑥
29. 50. 2𝑥 2 +3 71. 𝑥+
1
𝑥 𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 2𝑥+6
30. 𝑒 sec 2 𝑥 51. 𝑥 2 +6𝑥+10 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
72. 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑥+1 𝑥+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 2 2−𝑥
31. 52. 6+4𝑥−𝑥 2 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
2𝑥 73. 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
(cos −1 𝑥) 2 3𝑥
32. 53. 1−𝑥 2 1
74. 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
1−𝑥 2
−1 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑒 sin 54. 𝑥+3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
33. 75. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 +𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
1−𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 .𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 55. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥
34. sin 4 𝑥 log 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 76.
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 +𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 2
(sin −1 𝑥) 3 56. 𝑥
35. 3𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 +1 cos 2 𝑥 77.
1−𝑥 2 1 𝑥 2 +1
cos −1 𝑥 57. 78.
𝑥
36. 1+𝑒 𝑥 1−𝑒 −𝑥
𝑥 2 −𝑎 2
1−𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑒−1 +𝑒 𝑥 −1 𝑥
𝑒 tan
−1 𝑥 58. 79.
𝑥 𝑒 +𝑒 𝑥 1−𝑥 2
37. 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥 2𝑥+1
1+𝑥 2
(tan −1 𝑥)
sin ⁡
59. 𝑥+sin 2 𝑥 80. 𝑥62+𝑥−5
38. 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 2𝑥+3
1+x 2 60. log
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
81.
𝑥 2 +3𝑥−1
39. 𝑥𝑐𝑜 𝑠 2 1 𝑒𝑥
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
𝑥
61. 2𝑥+𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 82.
40. 3 𝑒 𝑥 +1
1+𝑥 2 1 1
1
62. 83.
𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑎+𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
41. 𝑥 𝑥
2+3𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2
63. 84.
42. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 1+𝑥 1−𝑥 2−3 sin 2 𝑥
𝑥3 𝑎−𝑥
43. 𝑥𝑠𝑖 𝑛 2
1 64. 85.
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 3+𝑥 2 3−𝑥 2 2𝑎𝑥 −𝑥 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 𝑥+1 65. acos 2 𝑥+𝑏𝑠𝑖 𝑛 2 𝑥 86.
44. sin 2 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑥𝑒 𝑥
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥
𝑥𝑡𝑎 𝑛 𝑥 2
−1 66. 1+𝑒 −𝑥 87.
45. 𝑎 2 sin 2 𝑥+𝑏 2 cos 2 𝑥
1+𝑥 4 𝑒 2𝑥 −1
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
46. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 +𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 67. 𝑒 2𝑥 +1
𝑒 𝑥 +1
1 1 𝑛 1 68. 𝑒 𝑥 −1
47. −
𝑎 𝑥 𝑥2 1
2𝑥+1 69. 𝑒 𝑥 +1
48. 𝑥 2 +𝑥+5

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Ex. No. 5. Integration of the type

𝒇 𝒙
𝒇 𝒙 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃𝒅𝒙 or 𝒅𝒙
𝒂𝒙+𝒃

1 𝑒𝑥
1. 2𝑥 + 1 𝑥+1 17. 33.
1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 16−𝑒 2𝑥
3𝑥+4
2. 18.
1 𝑥2
𝑥−3
1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 34.
𝑥2 1+𝑥 6
3. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑥
𝑥+1 19. 35.
sin 𝑥+𝑎 𝑥 4 +25
2
4. 𝑥 𝑥+1 20. cos
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑎𝑥
𝑥−𝑎 36.
𝑥 2 −𝑥+1 𝑎 2𝑥 −9
5. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 sec 2 𝑥
𝑥+1 21. cos 37.
𝑥−𝑎 3 tan 2 𝑥+2
𝑥 2 +𝑥+3
6. sin 𝑥−𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑥−1 22. sin 38. 25−cos 2 𝑥
𝑥+𝑎
2
7. 𝑥 2𝑥 − 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 sec 2 𝑥
23. cos 39. 4 tan 2 𝑥−9
(2 sin 2 𝑥+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 −3)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑥−𝑎
8. cos 𝑥+𝑎 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 −1
24. cos 40. 𝑥
2𝑒 2𝑥 +9𝑒 𝑥 +5)𝑒 𝑥 𝑥−𝑎 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 2 +9𝑥
9. sin 𝑥−𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 +1
25. sin 41. 4 sin 2 𝑥−3
tan 1+ 𝑥 𝑥 −𝑏
10. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑥 cos 𝑥−𝑎
26. cos 42. 4+sin 2 𝑥
cot 1+ 𝑥 𝑥−𝑏
11. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑥 27. sin
1 43. 4 sin 2 𝑥+5
tan 2+3𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑥−𝑎 sin 𝑥−𝑏
12. 1 𝑎+𝑥
𝑥 28. cos 44.
𝑥−𝑎 cos 𝑥 −𝑏 𝑎−𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥
13. 1
𝑥 29. sin 𝑥+1
sec 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑥−𝑎 cos 𝑥−𝑏 45. 𝑥−1
14. 1
𝑥 30. cos 𝑥−𝑎 sin 𝑥−𝑏
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥
15. 1+tan 2 𝑥
𝑥 31. 1−tan 2 𝑥
1
16. 1
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 32. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 .cos 2 𝑥

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Ex. No. 6. Integration of the type

𝟏 𝟏
𝒅𝒙 OR 𝒅𝒙
𝒂𝒙𝟐 +𝒃𝒙+𝒄 𝒂𝒙𝟐 +𝒃𝒙+𝒄

1 5 1
1. 7. 13.
𝑥 2 +6𝑥+10 4−2𝑥−𝑥 2 3𝑥 2 −4𝑥−3
5 1 1
2. 8. 14.
4𝑥 2 +4𝑥−15 4+4𝑥−3𝑥 2 3+4𝑥−4𝑥 2
1 1 1
3. 9. 15.
3𝑥 2 −4𝑥+5 𝑥 2 +4𝑥+3 9+8𝑥−𝑥 2
1 1 𝑒𝑥
4. 10. 16.
9𝑥62+6𝑥+5 3𝑥 2 −4𝑥+2 𝑒 2𝑥 +4𝑒 𝑥 +13
1 1
5. 11.
𝑥 2 +𝑥+1 𝑥 2 +4𝑥+5
1 1
6. 12.
15+4𝑥−4𝑥 2 4𝑥 2 −4𝑥+3

Ex. No. 7. Integration of the type

𝒎𝒙+𝒏 𝒎𝒙+𝒏
𝒅𝒙 OR 𝒅𝒙
𝒂𝒙𝟐 +𝒃𝒙+𝒄 𝒂𝒙𝟐 +𝒃𝒙+𝒄
2𝑥+3 𝑥+3 2𝑥−3
1. 7. 13.
𝑥 2 +3𝑥+1 𝑥 2 +4 𝑥 2 −3𝑥+4
2𝑥−5 2𝑥+1 2𝑥+1
2. 8. 14.
𝑥 2 −5𝑥+2 9−4𝑥 2 𝑥 2 +3𝑥−4
𝑥−3 3𝑥+5
3. 9. 𝑥+4
𝑥 2 −6𝑥+4 𝑥 2 +4𝑥+5 15.
1−𝑥 3−𝑥
𝑥 3 +5𝑥 2 +12𝑥+10
4. 3+2𝑥−𝑥 2 10. 2𝑥 3 +8𝑥 2 −3𝑥−6
𝑥 2 +4𝑥+5 16.
2𝑥+1 𝑥−1 𝑥 2 +6𝑥+10
5. 11. 3+4𝑥−3𝑥 2
𝑥 2 +3𝑥+5
3𝑥+7 2𝑥−1
6. 12.
2𝑥 2 +3𝑥−2 𝑥 2 −𝑥+3

Ex. No. 8. [Important] Integration of the type

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝒅𝒙 OR 𝒅𝒙 Or 𝒅𝒙
𝒂+𝒃𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒂+𝒃𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙+𝒃𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙+𝒄
1 1 1
1. 4. 7.
3−2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 3+2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 5−4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
1 1 1
2. 5. 8.
5+4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1+3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 +𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
1 1 1
3. 6. 9.
5−3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 4+9𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

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1 1 1
10. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 +𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 13. 3+2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 16. 5+3𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥
1 1 1
11. 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 14. 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥 17. 1−2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥
1 1
12. 13+3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 +𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 15. 4+5𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥

Ex. No. 9. [Important] Integration of the type

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝒅𝒙 OR 𝒅𝒙 Or 𝒅𝒙
𝒂+𝒃𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙 𝒂+𝒃𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙 𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙+𝒃𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙+𝒄
1 1 1
1. 5. 9.
3−2 sin 2 𝑥 1+7 cos 2 𝑥 4 cos 2 𝑥+3 sin 2 𝑥
1 1 1
2. 6. 10. 𝑎 2 sin 2 𝑥+𝑏 2 cos 2 𝑥
2+3 sin 2 𝑥 5−cos 2 𝑥
1 1
3. 7.
2−3 cos 2 𝑥 4+5 sin 2 𝑥
1 1
4. 8.
3−sin 2 𝑥 2 sin 2 𝑥+3 cos 2 𝑥

Ex. No. 10. [Important] Integration of the type

1. sin2 𝑥 13. sin3 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 24. tan4 𝑥
2. cos2 𝑥 14. sin3 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 25. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 4 𝑥
3. sin3 𝑥 sin 3 𝑥 26. tan5 𝑥
15. cos 4 𝑥
4. cos3 𝑥 27. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 6 𝑥
16. sin5 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
5. cos4 𝑥 28. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 8 𝑥
6. cos5 𝑥 17. cos5 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 29. 𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥
7. sin6 𝑥 18. tan3 𝑥 30. 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥
8. cos7 𝑥 19. 31. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
9. sin7 𝑥 20. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥. cos 3 𝑥 32. 4𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
10. sin3 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥 21. sin5 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 33. 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥
11. sin2 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 22. cot 3 𝑥
12. sin5 𝑥 23. sec 4 𝑥

Ex. No. 11. [Important] Integrate the following .

1 𝑥 2 +1 𝑥+1
1. 3. 5.
𝑥+1 𝑥+2 𝑥+1 𝑥+2 𝑥−3 𝑥 𝑥 2 −4
𝑥 3𝑥−2 1
2. 4. 6.
𝑥−1 𝑥+2 𝑥 2 −3𝑥+2 1+𝑥+𝑥 2 +𝑥 3

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𝑥−1 1
7. 2
9.
𝑥+1 𝑥+1 𝑥 2 +1
2
𝑥+1 𝑥 3 +2𝑥 2 +6
8. 10.
𝑥−1 2 𝑥 2 +𝑥−2

Ex. No. 12. [Important] Integrate the following.

𝒅
𝒖𝒗𝒅𝒙 = 𝒖 𝒗𝒅𝒙 − 𝒗𝒅𝒙 . 𝒖 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒙
1. 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 7. tan−1 𝑥 13. 𝑥 3 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
2. 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 8. log 𝑥 2 + 4 14. 𝑥𝑒 𝑥
3. 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 9.
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 15. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 2
𝑥3
4. log 𝑥 + 4 16. 𝑒 𝑥
10. 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
log 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
5. 𝑥
11. 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥
𝑥
4𝑥
6. 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥 12. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
Ex. No. 13. [Important] Integrate the following

𝒆𝒙 [𝒇 𝒙 + 𝒇′ 𝒙 ]𝒅𝒙 = 𝒆𝒙 𝒇 𝒙 + 𝒄

1. 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 4. 𝑒 𝑥 [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 ]𝑑𝑥

1 5. sin 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + cos 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
2. 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
𝑥
6. tan 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + sec 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
3. 𝑒 𝑥 [𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 + log 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ]𝑑𝑥
DEFINITE INTEGRATION
Ex. No. 1.
1 𝜋 1
1. 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 9. 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 2 (sin −1 𝑥)3
0 0 16. 𝑑𝑥
3 1
0 1−𝑥 2
2 5𝑥
2. 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 10. 𝑑𝑥 𝜋
1
9 1
0 𝑥 2 +4
𝜋
17. 0
sin2 𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥
2

3. 4 𝑥3
𝑑𝑥 11. 4 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑎 𝑎 2 −𝑥 2
∞ −𝑥
0 18. 𝑎 𝑑𝑥
4. 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 𝜋
2 𝑥2
0 12. 0
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥𝑑𝑥 6 36−𝑥 2
2 𝑑𝑥
5. 𝑑𝑥 𝜋 19. 𝑑𝑥
1 3𝑥−2 3 𝑥2
1 𝑑𝑥 13. 2
0
sin3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 4−𝑥 2
6. −1 1+𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 𝜋 20. 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑥2
1 1−𝑥 2 14. 𝜋
2
1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝜋
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
7. 0 1+𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 3 21. 2 𝑑𝑥
𝜋 0 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 3
2 𝑑𝑥
8. 𝑑𝑥 15. 0
4 𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 22.
𝜋 𝑥
𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥𝑑𝑥
0 𝑥− 𝑥−1 0

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𝜋 1 1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 27. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥𝑑𝑥
23. 2
0
𝑑𝑥 25. 2
0 1−2𝑥 2 0
5+3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1−𝑥 2
1 1−𝑥 2 𝜋
24. −1 1+𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 26. 4
1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑥
0 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥

Ex. No. 2. [Important] PROPERTIES

𝑏 𝑏
1. 𝑎
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎
𝑓 𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝑏 𝑎
2. 𝑎
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑏
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑏 𝑐 𝑐
3. 𝑎
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑏
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑎 𝑎
4. 0
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑓 𝑎 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑏 𝑏
5. 𝑎
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎
𝑓 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

2𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
6. 0
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 0
𝑓 2𝑎 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑎 𝑎
7. –𝑎
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2 0
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑

= 0 𝑖𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑.

𝜋 ∞ 𝑑𝑥
2 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
1. 𝑑𝑥 8. 2 𝑑𝑥 15. 0 1+𝑥 1+𝑥 2
1 𝑥+ 3−𝑥 0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 +𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2 𝑥+2
𝜋 3 1
2. 𝑑𝑥 9. 2
𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 +𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑑𝑥 16. 0 𝑥+ 9−𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
1 𝑥+2+ 5−𝑥 0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 +𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝜋 𝑎 𝑑𝑥
4 5−𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 17.
3. 5 𝑥−4+ 5−𝑥
𝑑𝑥 10. 2 𝑑𝑥 0 𝑥+ 𝑎 2 −𝑥 2
0 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 +𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 𝜋 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
2 𝑥 𝜋
1 18. 0 1+cos 2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
4. 0 𝑥+ 2−𝑥
𝑑𝑥 11. 2 𝑑𝑥 𝜋
0 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
1 𝑥 𝜋
1
19. 4
0
log 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
5. 0 𝑥+ 1−𝑥
𝑑𝑥 12. 𝜋
3
𝑑𝑥 𝜋 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
1+ 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 20. 𝑑𝑥
4 6
5 𝑥+4 0 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 +𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
6. 𝑑𝑥 𝜋 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
0 𝑥+4+ 4 9−𝑥
4 13. 0 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑥 21.
1
𝑥 1 − 𝑥𝑑𝑥
0
3 𝑥+2 4 𝑑𝑥 4 𝑥
7. 0 𝑥+2+ 5−𝑥
𝑑𝑥 14. 0 𝑥+ 16−𝑥 2 22. 𝑑𝑥
0 4−𝑥

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CH. NO. 6. DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

EX. NO. 1.
A. Form the differential equations by eliminating the arbitrary constant.

1. 𝑦 = 𝑥2 𝑎 + 𝑥 19.
𝑥2
+
𝑦2
=1
𝑎2 𝑏2
2. 𝑦 = 𝐴. 𝑒 𝑥
20. 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑒 + 𝐵𝑒 −3𝑥
3𝑥
3. 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒 −𝑥
21. 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑒 𝐵𝑥
4. 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2
𝑐 22. 𝑦 =𝑎 𝑥−𝑎
5. 𝑦 = 𝑐2 + 𝑥
23. 𝑦 = 𝐴. 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝐵. 𝑒 5𝑥
6. 𝑥 − 𝑎 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 24. 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑏𝑒 −2𝑥
7. 𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥 25. 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
8. 𝑦 2 = 4𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑎 26. 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠7𝑥 − 𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛7𝑥
9. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑎𝑥 = 0 27. 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶𝑒 𝑦 = 1
10. 𝑦 = 4 𝑥−𝑐 2 28. 𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑦 2 = 4
11. 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 1 29. 𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑥 2 + 𝐶2 𝑥
12. 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑎 30. 𝐴𝑥 3 + 𝐵𝑦 2 = 5 (Note: Important sum use
13. 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 the condition for consistency)
14. 𝑦 = sin 𝑎𝑥 𝑥2 𝑦2
31. 𝑎2
+ 𝑏2 = 1
15. 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 + 𝑎
16. 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 32. 𝐶1 𝑥 2 + 𝐶2 𝑦 2 = 5
17. 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏
𝑥 𝑦
18. 𝑎
+𝑏 =1

EX. NO. 2.
𝑑𝑦
1. Solve 𝑥 2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
𝑑𝑥
2. Solve the differential equation 𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑦
3. Solve the differential equation = 𝑒 −2𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
4. Solve 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 = sin 𝑥 + 𝑦 − sin 𝑥 − 𝑦 .
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
5. Solve = sin 𝑥 + 𝑦 + cos 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑏𝑦 𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑢.
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
6. Find the particular solution of the differential equation 𝑦 1 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 − 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 0 when
𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑒 2 .
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
7. Solve the differential equation 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦 sin 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 by substituting 𝑥 = 𝑣.
𝑑𝑦 2
8. Solve = 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 1 by using substitution 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 1 = 𝑢.
𝑑𝑥
9. Solve 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 1 𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 3 𝑑𝑦 = 0.
10. Find the particular solution of the differential equation 1 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 − 1 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 0, 𝑖𝑓 𝑦 =
4 𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 2.

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𝑑𝑦 1+𝑦 2
11. Solve 𝑑𝑥 = 1+𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑥+𝑦+1
12. Solve the D.E. 𝑑𝑥 = 2 𝑥+𝑦 −1
13. Solve the D.E. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0
2
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
14. Solve 𝑦 − 𝑥 = 𝑦2 + . Hence find the particular solution if 𝑦 = 2 𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 1.
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
15. Solve the equation 𝑒 + 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑦

𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
16. Verity that 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏 is a solution of 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 − 𝑑𝑥 = 0.
17. Verify that 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥 + 𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥 is the general solution of the differential equation
𝑑2𝑦
𝑑𝑥 2
+ 9𝑦 = 0.
𝑑𝑦
18. Find the particular solution of the differential equation: 𝑥 + 1 − 1 = 2𝑒 −𝑦 when
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 = 1 & 𝑦 = 0.
𝑑𝑦 4𝑥+6𝑦−2
19. Solve the differential equation = , by taking 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 𝑡.
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥+3𝑦+3

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2
20. Verify that 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2 is a solution of the D.E. 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑟 1 + 𝑑𝑥
.
𝑑𝑦 1
21. Find the order and degree of the D.E. 𝑑𝑥 = .
3 𝑑𝑦 2
1+
𝑑𝑥

𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2
22. Determine the order and degree of the differential equation. 𝑑𝑥 2 + 3 1 − 𝑑𝑥
− 𝑦 = 0.
𝑑2𝑦 1
23. Determine the order and degree of the D.E. + 𝑑𝑦 2
= 𝑦.
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2 1
24. Determine the order and degree of the differential equation 5 𝑑𝑥
= 10𝑥 − 𝑑𝑦 .
𝑑𝑥

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CH. NO. 7. MATRICES
Ex: 1
A.
1. Consider the Matrices
4 4 −6 3
2 3
𝐴 = [2 −1 3 4], 𝐵= 6, 𝐶= , D = −2 4 1 ,
3 1
1 6 5 2
𝑎 3 5 7
E= , F = [5 6 −7], G = [ ]
3 𝑏 𝑎 6
Answer the following questions.
a. State the orders of the matrices A, C, D, G.
b. Which of these are row matrixes?
c. If G is a triangular matrix. Find a.
d. If e11 = e12. Find a.
e. For D, state the values of d21, d32, d13.

2. A = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]2×3 such that 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 𝑖 + 𝑗. Write down A in full.

3. Find which of the following matrices are non – singular.

1 2 3 2 −1 3 6 5 −4
3 3 5 −20
𝐴= , 𝐵= , 𝐶 = 3 −1 2 , 𝐷 = 8 2 6 ,𝐸 = 2 1 0
−8 8 −4 16
7 0 7 12 0 12 10 6 3

6 3
4. If 𝐴 = is a singular matrix, find a.
−4 𝑎

6 −5 1
5. If 𝐴 = 4 2 −1 is a singular matrix, find k.
14 −1 𝑘
B.
1. Consider the matrices.
1 2 3 −5 1 −1 𝑎−𝑏 2 3 𝑎
𝐴= ,𝐵 = ,𝐶 = ,𝐷 = ,𝐸 = ,
−1 3 4 2 2 3 −1 𝑎+𝑏 𝑏−𝑎 2
2 −1 𝜋
2 1 3 2 sin 3
𝐹= ,𝐺 = 1 2 ,𝐻 = 2
−1 2 4
3 4 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋 2 4
Answer the following questions.
i. 𝐴𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶, 𝐹 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐻, 𝐹 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐺, 𝐹 ′ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐺 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙.
ii. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = 𝐷, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏.
iii. 𝐼𝑓 𝐵 = 𝐸, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏.

𝑎 − 4𝑏 5 11 5
2. If = , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏.
6 −𝑎 + 𝑏 6 −5

𝑎 + 2𝑏 2−𝑏 2 3
3. Find 𝑎, 𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 𝑖𝑓 =
𝑏+𝑐 𝑎−𝑐 1 2

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Ex: 2
4 3
2 −1 −3 2 1 6 2 5 2 −2 6
1. 𝐴 = ,𝐵 = ,𝐶 = ,𝐷 = 2 2 ,𝐹 = ,𝐹 =
3 5 6 −1 5 −1 5 𝑎 4 −3 −5
−2 1
Answer the following.
a. Can you find,
i. A + B; ii. A + C; iii. B + D, iv. B’ +D; v. A + A’; vi. D + D’; vii. C + F’.
b. If A + F = 0, find b.
c. If C – E = I, Find a.

3 −1 2 −1 2 4 8 2 4
2. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = ,𝐵 = ,𝐶 =
4 3 −5 8 −1 3 −2 3 7
Verify the following.
a. A + B = B + A
b. A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C
c. A – (B – C) = A – B + C.
d. 3(A + B – C) = 3A +3B – 3C
e. A + B ’ = A’ + B’.

6 3 0 −1
3. If 𝐴 = ,𝐵 = 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 𝐴 − 3 𝐵.
2 1 3 −2

4 5 10 1
4. Find 𝑥 𝑖𝑓 + 𝑥=
3 6 0 −5

1 2
5. If 𝐴 = , 𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 𝐵 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑕 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑡 𝐴 + 𝐵 = 0.
3 4
1 2
6. If 𝐴 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2𝐴 + 3𝐵 = 0, find the matrix B.
−3 4
3 2 1 8
7. If 𝐴 = find the matrix ‘X’ such that 𝐴 − 2𝑋 = .
1 5 7 −6
1 2 2 1 0 1
8. If 𝐴 = ,𝐵 = Find the matrix C such that A + B + C is a zero matrix.
−3 −1 0 2 1 3
2 1 1 2
9. If 𝐴 = ,𝐵 = Find the matrix X such that 2X + 3A – 4B = 0.
2 4 −3 0

4 5 7 11
10. Find the matrix ‘X’ such that 3𝑋 + = .
1 −3 −8 9

11. Find the values of x and y satisfying the matrix equation.

1 𝑥 0 3 1 2 4 2 2
a. + =
𝑦 2 4 4 3 −2 6 5 2
2𝑥 + 1 −1 1 −1 6 4 4 5 5
b. + =
3 4𝑦 4 3 0 3 6 12 7

𝑥+𝑦 𝑦−𝑧 3 −1
12. Find x, y & z if =
𝑧 − 2𝑥 𝑦−𝑥 1 1

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Ex: 3
1. Find the following products:
4 2 3
−2 3
𝑎. [2 3 −1] −1 𝑏. [3 4] 𝑐. [−2 4] 𝑑. [6 5 ]
−1 −2 𝑒. [4 𝑥 0 0
]
1 0 𝑦
3 2
𝑎
𝑥 5 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃
𝑓. [2 𝑥 ] −1 𝑔. [8 −4] 𝑕. [𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑏
] 𝑖. [𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 ]
2 𝑐 −𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
2. Find x in the following cases.
3 −𝑥
−1
𝑎. [−3 2] = [1] 𝑏. [4 𝑥 1] −2 = [8] 𝑐. [4 𝑥 ] 𝑥 = [21]
𝑥
𝑥
2𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑑. [5 𝑥 −1] 𝑥 = [20] 𝑒. [𝑥 2𝑥 3𝑥 ] 2 = [0] 𝑓. [𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 ] 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = [5]
4 −1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

Ex: 4
A.
1. Find AB and BA whenever they exist in each of the following cases.
2 5 3 1
2. 𝐴 = ,𝐵 =
2 5 1 3
2 3 1 −2 3
3. 𝐴 = , 𝐵=
1 −2 0 −1 2
1 0 2 −1 3
4. 𝐴 = ,𝐵 =
1 −1 0 0 1
2 3 −1 0 2 0
5. 𝐴 = 5 −1 0 , 𝐵 = 1 2 3
3 2 1 1 −1 2
4
6. 𝐴 = [3 −1 2], 𝐵 = 3
−5
1 0 −3 16 −6 9
7. 𝐴 = 4 3 −2 , 𝐵 = −18 7 −10
1 2 4 5 −2 3
1 −2 5 6 −2 0
2. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = ,𝐵 = ,𝐶 = [ ] Then verify the following
4 3 7 8 8 3

𝒂. 𝐴 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐴𝐵 𝐶 𝒃. 𝐵 𝐴 − 𝐶 = 𝐵𝐴 − 𝐵𝐶 𝒄. 𝐴 + 𝐵 𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶 + 𝐵𝐶

𝒅. 𝐴𝐼 = 𝐼𝐴 = 𝐴, 𝑊𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐼 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥

2 −1 2 5 7 −1 6 4
3. If 𝐴 = ,𝐵 = ,𝐶 = [ ] verify the following.
3 3 −3 −2 1 3 2 1

𝒂. 𝐴 𝐵 + 𝐶 = 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐴𝐶. 𝒃. 𝐴 𝐵 − 𝐶 = 𝐴𝐵 − 𝐴𝐶.
1 2 2
4. If 𝐴 = 2 1 2 show that 𝐴2 − 4𝐴 is a scalar matrix.
2 2 1

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0 3 3 𝑥
5. If 𝐴 = −3 0 4 , 𝐵 = 𝑦 , 𝐵′ = [𝑥 𝑦 𝑧] 𝑆. 𝑇. 𝐵′ 𝐴 𝐵 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑁𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥.
−3 −4 0 𝑧

6. (A) Find the values of a and b from the matrix equation:

3 2 𝑎 1 4 5
=
4 1 5 𝑏 3 5

6. (B) Find the values of x and y

2 𝑥
1 2 𝑥 5 3 5 −3 −7 1 2 0 1 3 1
a. = b. 4 −2 0 = 𝑦
3 2 2 𝑦 −5 7 7 −1 2 1 3 2 3 8
1

6. (C). Find x, y, z values in each of the following cases.

1 3 4 𝑥 9 3 𝑥
𝑦 3
i. −2 0 6 = 8 𝑖𝑖. 2 [1 2] = 𝑦
−1
5 2 −3 𝑧 −4 2 𝑧
1 0 5 1 0 1 2 𝑥
[𝑥 𝑦 𝑧] 2 3 7 = [−4 −4 7] 2
ii. 𝑖𝑖𝑖. 5 0 1 − 3 −2 3 = 𝑦
1 𝑧
−4 2 1 1 1 3 1
1 2 𝑥 𝑦 3 7 0 7
7. Find x, y, z, a, b, c if =
3 2 3 −1 𝑧 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
1 0 1 2 𝑥
2
8. If 𝐴 = 0 1 , 𝐵 = −2 3 , 𝐶 = , 𝑋 = 𝑦 Find the values of x, y, z if 5𝐴 − 3𝐵 𝐶 = 𝑋
1 𝑧
1 1 3 1
4 1
1 −6 4
9. If 𝐴 = 5 2 , 𝐵= Find the Matrix AB and without computing the Matrix BA, show
2 0 3
3 4
that AB ≠ BA.

3 −5 1 −2
10. If 𝐴 = , 𝐵 = Verify that AB ≠BA.
2 0 3 4

11.

1 2
1 3 2
i. If 𝐴 = 3 2 , 𝐵= , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐵
4 −1 −3
−1 0
2 1 1 2
ii. If 𝐴 = , 𝐵= 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑡 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴 . |𝐵|
0 3 3 −2
0 1
−2 0 1
12. If 𝐴 = , 𝐵 = 2 3 show that AB is a Non singular matrix.
1 2 3
1 −1
2 4
13. If 𝐴 = , Show that 𝐴2 is a null matrix.
−1 −2

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“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
1 −1
14. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = show that 𝐴2 = 2𝐴.
−1 1
2 4
15. 𝑎. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = [ ] Show that A satisfies the Matrix Equation 𝐴2 = 3𝐴 + 2𝐼.
1 1
1 2
𝑏. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = , 𝑠𝑕𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑡 𝐴2 − 5𝐴 − 2𝐼 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑍𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥.
3 4
𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∝ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ∝
16. If 𝐴∝ = show that 𝐴𝛼 𝐴𝛽 = 𝐴𝛽 𝐴𝛼 = 𝐴𝛼 +𝛽
−𝑠𝑖𝑛 ∝ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∝

Ex: 5
3 2 8 4
1. If 𝐴 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = show that AB = 0.
12 8 −12 −6
1 2 4 3 2 1
2. If 𝐴 = 𝐵= ,𝐶 = show that BA = CA.
−1 −2 5 3 7 5
3. Show that AB = AC does not imply that B = C.
3 4 5 6
4. 𝑎. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = , 𝐵= show that AB = BA.
4 3 6 5
−3 6
𝑏. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = show that 𝐴2 = 𝐴.
−2 4
3 1 2 5
5. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = , 𝐵= show that 𝐴 + 𝐵 𝐴 − 𝐵 = 𝐴2 − 𝐵2
−1 3 −5 2
3 2 6 18
6. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = , 𝐵= show that
12 8 −9 −27
𝑎. 𝐴 + 𝐵 2 = 𝐴2 + 𝐵𝐴 + 𝐵2 𝑏. 𝐴 + 𝐵 𝐴 − 𝐵 = 𝐴2 + 𝐴𝐵 − 𝐵2 .
8 4 5 −4
7. If 𝐴 = , 𝐵= show that
10 5 10 −8
𝑎. 𝐴 + 𝐵 2 = 𝐴2 + 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵2 𝑏. 𝐴 + 𝐵 𝐴 − 𝐵 = 𝐴2 − 𝐴𝐵 − 𝐵2 .
2 −2 −4 −1 2 4
8. If 𝐴 = −1 3 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = 1 −2 −4
1 −2 −3 −1 2 4
𝑠𝑕𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑡 𝐴 + 𝐵 2 = 𝐴2 + 𝐵2
1 −1 1 𝑎
9. If 𝐴 = and 𝐵 = such that 𝐴 + 𝐵 2 = 𝐴2 + 𝐵2 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎 & 𝑏.
2 −1 4 𝑏
1 2 2 𝑎
10. If 𝐴 = , 𝐵= and 𝐴 + 𝐵 2 = 𝐴2 + 𝐵2 , find a and b
−1 −2 −1 𝑏
Ex: 6
I. Write down the following equation in the Matrix Form and hence find values of x, y, z using
Matrix method.
1. 𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 12; 𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 15 ; 𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 13.
2. 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 6; 3𝑥 – 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 10 ; 5𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 4𝑧 = 3.
3. 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3; 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 4; 5𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 𝑧 = 11.
4. 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 + 4 = 0; 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 4; 5𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 𝑧 = 11.
5. 4𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1; 𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 10; 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 4.
6. 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1; 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 10 ; 3𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 21.

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“THE HOME OF SUCCESS”
II. Solve the following equation by the methods of reduction.
1. 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 7; 3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 5𝑧 = 6; 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 7.
2. 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 4; 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 6𝑧 = 5; 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = 4.
3. 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1; 3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 1; 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 2.
4. 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3; 7𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 9; 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 4
5. 4𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = 3; 𝑥 − 2𝑡 + 𝑧 = −8; 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = −7
6. 3𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 4𝑧 = 2; 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1; 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 1.
Ex: 7
A. Find the inverse of each of the following Matrices by using elementary transformations.

1 3 3 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 −𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
2 5 2 4 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 −𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃
2 0 1 1 2 −2 7 −3 −3 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 0
6. 0 −1 2 7. −1 3 0 8. −1 1 0 9. −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 0
1 0 1 0 −2 1 −1 0 1 0 0 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 0 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 0 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 0
10. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 0 11. 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 0 12. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 0
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1

3 1
𝐵. 1. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = , 𝑠𝑕𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑡 𝐴2 − 5𝐴 + 7𝐼 = 0, 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐴−1 .
−1 2
2 4
2. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = , 𝑠𝑕𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑡 𝐴2 − 3𝐴 = 2𝐼, 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐴−1 .
1 1
1 3
3. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = , 𝑠𝑕𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑡 𝐴2 − 4𝐴 + 3𝐼 = 0, 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐴−1 .
0 3
1 2 2
4. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = 2 1 2 , 𝑠𝑕𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑡 𝐴2 − 4𝐴 = 5𝐼, 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐴−1 .
2 2 1
3 1 7 3
𝐶. 1. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = , 𝐵= 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 𝑋 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑕 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑡 𝐴𝑋 = 𝐵.
−1 2 0 6
1 0 1 2 3
2. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = ,𝐵 = , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 𝑋 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑕 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑡 𝐴𝑋 = 𝐵.
−1 1 4 5 6

3. 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 5; −𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 0; −2𝑦 + 𝑧 = −3, 𝑏𝑦 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥.

1 3 4
4. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 + 𝐼 = −1 1 3 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 𝐴 + 𝐼 𝐴 − 𝐼 .
−2 −3 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃
5. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = , 𝑡𝑕𝑒𝑛 𝑆𝑕𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑡 𝐴2 =
−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 −𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃

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0 1
−2 0 0 −1
6. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = , 𝐵= 2 3 , 𝑠𝑕𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑡 𝐴𝐵 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠.
−2 −1 3
1 −1
2 −1 3 1 −1
7. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = , 𝐵= , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐵 .
1 0 2 1

1 𝜔 𝜔2 𝜔 𝜔2 1
8. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = 𝜔 𝜔2 1 , 𝐵 = 𝜔2 1 𝜔 𝑡𝑕𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑕𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑡 𝐴𝐵 = 0,
𝜔2 1 𝜔 1 𝜔 𝜔2
𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑤 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑦.

−1 1 1 2 4
9. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵−1 𝐴−1 , 𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐴 = , 𝐵=
0 1 1 3

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