READANDCONSIDER

Inthispartyouwilllearnto

Usethepresentsimpletodescribeapresentstate
expresshypothesis/conditionusingifconditionaltype1
expressquantitywithenough,toomuch,toomanyetc.
expresscauseandeffectwithbecause,as,etc.
formadjectivesbyaddingthesuffixytonouns.

pronouncethefinals

andyouwill:

writeanexpositoryarticle

Letsthinkaboutit
Listenanddo
Languageincontext
Writing

Letsthinkaboutit

Answerthequestionsbelow
1. Doyouthinkthatoureatinghabitshavechangedoverthelast
years?Ifyesinwhatways?
2. Doyouthinkthatadvertisinghascontributedinanywayto
changingthesehabits?
3. Lookatthefollowingpictureandguesswhatthereading
passageisabout?Ticktheansweryouthinkisright.

Thetextisabout:
a.Foodsafetyb.energybalancec.GMFs

Listenanddo

1. Readthetextbelowandcheckyouranswertoquestion3.
HowisYourEnergyBalance?

Itisimportantforpeopletoeatasmuchfoodastheyneedtomake
suretheyhavetherightamountofenergy.Iftheyeattoolittlefoodorthe
wrongkindoffood,theywonthaveenoughenergy.Iftheyeattoomuch
(food),theywillputonweight.Whenweeatenoughfoodfortheexercise
wetake,wecallthisenergybalance.(1)
Inmanypartsofthemodernworldtoday,peopleeatalotoffastfood
and dont take enough exercise. They also eat a lot of sweets between
meals.Althoughmostpeopleknowthatfattyandsugaryfoodscancausea
loss of their energy balance,they find it difficult to refrain from eating
them.(2)
A recent study shows that a great number of people who cannot
managetokeeptheirenergybalancearethosewhospendtomuchtimein
frontoftheirTVsets.Ifpeopleeattoomanyproductswhichcontainalarge
amount of fat and sugar also called junk food and too few products
which provide them with enough quantities of fibre, it is because of the
many advertisements to which they are exposed while watching TV. This
studyalsoshowsthatthoughparentsadvisetheirchildrentoeatsensibly,
agreatmanyofthesechildrendontpaymuchattentiontotheamountof
fastfoodtheyeat.Parentaladviceisnohelpatallifthechildrencontinue
tobeexposedtosuchadvertisements.(3)
Unfortunatelythelossofenergybalanceisnotwithouthealthand
socialconsequences.Owingtothisloss,alotofpeopletodaysufferfrom
obesity.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganisation,forthefirsttimein
history,theworldpopulationcountsmoreobesepeoplethanslimones.As
aresultofoverweight,manyofthemhavedevelopeddiseasesthatcostthe
socialsecuritysystemsoftheircountriesbillionsandbillionsofdollars
everyyear.Thefinancialproblemofthesesecuritysystemsislikelyto
worsenasnoconcretemeasuresaretakentotreattherealcausesof
overweightatworldlevel.(4)
Sinceobesityinourmoderntimesiscausedmostlybyalossofenergy
balance,whichisduemainlytotheimpactofjunkfoodadverts,itishigh
time our governments passed laws to limit this influence. Advertisements
of unhealthy foods are as harmful as advertisements for cigarettes.

Therefore, they should be banned from the media, and wealth warnings
shouldbeaddedonthelabelsoffastfoodpackages.(5)

TextwrittenbytheauthorsofNewProspects(S.AArab,B.
RicheandM.Bensemane)

2. Readthetextandmarkthestatementsastrue(T)orfalse(F).
Correctthefalseones.

A. Aninsufficientamountoffoodcancausealossofenergy
balance..
B. Todaypeopledonttaketheamountofexercisenecessaryfor
theirenergybalance...
C. Therearetoomanyadvertisementsforunhealthyfood.Asa
consequence,peopledontpayenoughattentiontotheir
energybalance..
D. Obesitycausesalotofdiseases.Unlesssomethingisdone
aboutit,socialsecuritysystemswillprobablyencountera
financialproblemsoon...
E. Theadvertisingoffoodhasapositiveinfluenceonoureating
habits.Soourgovernmentsshouldencourageit..

3. Ticktheappropriateanswer.
A. Energybalanceisachievedwhen:
a.weeattherightkindoffood
b.wepayattentiontotheamountofjunkfoodweeat
c.whentheamountoffoodeatenisequaltotheenergyused
todophysicalactivity.
B.Enoughmeans:
a.sufficientb.excessofc.insufficient
C.Junkfoodmeansfoodthatcontains:
a.enoughfibresb.enoughvitaminsc.muchfatandsugar

4. Whatdothewordswritteninboldinthetextreferto?
Paragraph1:Paragraph2:
*They*They

*this*their

*them.
Paragraph3:Paragraph4:
*their..*ones.
*those.*their
*This..
*their..
*they

Paragraph5:
*which..*they
.

Languageincontext

A/Grammar

Presentsimpletense

ConsiderthetensesusedinthetextandanswerquestionsABbelow.
A. ThetensewhichismostlyusedinthetextisthePresentSimple
becausethetextis:
a. expositoryb.narrativec.rgumentative
B. WeusethePresentSimpletenseinothersituations/cases.Match
eachofthefollowingsentencescontainingaverbinthepresentsimple
withthecase/situationitcorrespondsto.
SENTENCES
Cases/situations
1Toomuchjunkfoodcausesobesity.
a.habitualaction
2Iftheyeattoomuch,theywillputon
b.description
weight.

3Igojoggingeveryevening.
c.permanenttruth
4Johnisobese.
d.description of a
situation based on fact
( conditional type 1)

Seegrammarreference(p.93100)

Task:Puttheverbsinbracketsinthepresentsimple.
Obesityandweightproblems(be)amongthetopfiveenemiesofgood
health. Obesity (increase)the risk of disease and death due to stroke,
diabetes, and some cancers. Weight loss and regular exercise (help)
alleviatetheharmfuleffectsofbeingoverweight.Studies(show)thatifyou
(be) overweight or obese, losing 5% to 10% of your body weight can
improveyourhealth.

Ifconditionaltype1

ConsidersentencesAandB.Thenanswerquestions14thatfollow.

A. Iftheyeattoolittlefoodorthewrongkindoffood,theywillnot
getenoughenergy.
B. Iftheyeattoomuchfood,theywillputonweight.

1. Whatdotheclausesinboldtypeexpress?Ticktherightanswer
a. causeb.conditionc.consequence
2. Dotheclausesinboldtypeexpressrealityorsupposition?
3. What2tensesareusedinsentencesAandB?Completethe
followingruleofform
If+subject+..,subject+.

4. Whendoweuseconditionaltype1?Ticktherightanswer.
Weuseconditionaltype1whenwetalkabout:
a. possiblesituationsandtheirprobableresults
b. impossiblesituations
c. somethingtrueatanytime
Seegrammarreference(p.93100)
Task:Joineachpairofsentencestowriteanifconditionalsentence.
Doasshownintheexample.

Example:Youeatrottenfood.Youhaveaseriousindigestion.
Ifyoueatrottenfood,youwillhaveaseriousindigestion.

A. Youhaveaseriousindigestion.Yougoandseeadoctor
B. Yougoandseeadoctor.Hehospitalizesyoufortwotothree
weeks.
C. Doctorhospitalizesyoufortwoorthreeweeks.Youloseyourjob.
D. Youloseyourjob.Younolongerearenoughmoneytobuygood
food.

Enough,toomuch/many,toolittle

Gobacktothetextonthepreviouspagesandanswerthefollowing
questions.
A. Whichquantifierinthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto
sufficientorappropriate?
B. Pickoutthe4sentencesthatcontainquantifiersprecededbythe
degreeadverbtoo.
Whichonemeansanexcessiveamountofandwhichonemeansnot
enough/aninsufficientamountof?
C. Whatdotoomany,toolittle,toomuchandtoofewmean?Write
theappropriatequantifiernexttotheexplanationgiven.
=anexcessivenumberof
..=anexcessiveamountof
=notenough/aninsufficientamountof
..=aninsufficientnumberof

D. Thequantifiersandquantityexpressionsinthefirstcolumnareinthe
text.Readitagainthensaywhichtypeofnounstheycanbeusedwith.
Putacrossintheappropriatecolumn.


Quantifier/Quantity
Countable
Uncountable
Both
expression
noun
noun

1. Much/toomuch
2. Little/toolittle
3. Many/toomany
4. Few/toofew
5. Alotof
6. enough
7. Alargenumberof
8. Alargeamountof
9. Agreatmanyof
Seegrammarreference(p.93100)
Task:Fillintheblankswithtoomuch,toolittle,toomanyandtoo
fewsothatthesentencesinthehealthwarningsbelowmakesense.
Anexampleisprovidedforyou.

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.

Toolittlecalciummaybeharmfultoyourhealth.
Eatingsugarmaycausediabetes.
.vitaminAmayresultinpooreyesight.
Eating.fatcanmakeoneoverweight.
Exposureto.UVraysmaygiverisetoskincancer.
Theberiberidiseaseisdueto.B12vitamin.
Thekidneydiseasemayresultfrom..calcium.
Weaknessesinourimmunitysystemmaybetheresultof
..whitebloodcells.
I. Anaemiaiscauseby..redbloodcells.

Because(of),as,since,owingto,dueto

ConsidersentencesAE.Thenanswerquestions13.
A. Becauseofthemanyadvertisements,peopleeattoomany
productswhichcontainalargeamountoffatandsugar.
B. Lossofenergybalanceisduetojunkfoodadvertisements.
C. Owingtothisloss,alotofpeopletodaysufferfromobesity.

D. Sinceobesityistheresultoftheimpactofjunkfoodadverts,itis
hightimeourgovernmentpassedlawstolimitthisinfluence.
E. Thefinancialproblemofthesesecuritysystemsislikelytoworsen
asnoconcretemeasuresaretaken.
1. Whattypeofrelationshipdothelinkwordsinboldindicate?Tick
therightanswer.
a.resultb.causec.purpose
2.Readthesentencesagainandcirclethepunctuation.

3.ConsidersentencesAE.Thencompletethefollowingrulewiththe
appropriatelinkword.

Becauseof
..+nounphrase+,+restofthe
.Sentence

Subject+verb+Since
Subject+verb++subject+verb+rest
Subject+verb+becauseofthesentence

Task:Fillintheblanksinthesentencesbelowwiththelinkwordsinthe
box.Thereareseveralpossibilities.
A. Advertisingisnecessaryfornewbusinessesitinforms
consumersabouttheservicesandproductstheyoffer
B. .theadvertisementoffastfoods,manypeoplehavedeveloped
unhealthyeatinghabits.
C. .Consumersareawareoftheimportanceoftheenvironment,
mostfoodindustriesnowputecolabelsonthepackagesoftheir
products.

B/Vocabulary

Readthetipsbelowcarefully.Thendotask1thatfollows.

TIPS

Wecanthesuffixytomanynounstoformadjectives.
E.g.sugarsugary;healthhealthy

Whenanounendswithaconsonant+vowel+consonant(CVC),we

doublethelastconsonant.
E.g.Fatfatty.

Task1:TurnthenounsinboldintextsAandBintoadjectives
endinginy.

A. Salt,Spice,andpepperfoodsarebothsavourandtaste.Be
careful,eatingtoomuchofthesefoodsmaycauseyoutrick
healthproblemsinthelongterm.Sodontbegreed.
B. Peoplearewellawarethatitisnoteasetohaveaspeed
recoveryfromfoodpoisoning.Andyet,theycontinuetoeatin
dirt,dustandstufffastfoodrestaurantswithslimefloorsand
counters.

Task2:Choosethemostappropriatewordinbracketstomakethe
textbelowmeaningful.
Life is becoming increasingly (cheap expensive) . So when
(shopperssellers)dotheirshoppingtheyaremorelikelytolookat
the (price tagsquality labels) of the products than anything else.
(Saving Spending) even a little money by buying ( high poor)
qualitygoodshelpspeoplewitha(highlow)budgettopayutility
(bills charges) and the (rentlease) for the flat at the end of the
month.These(savingsspending)alsohelp(purchasesell)mobile
phonesforthelovedones.

C/Pronunciation

Gobacktothetextandpickoutwordsendinginsandclassify
theminthetablebelowaccordingtothepronunciationoftheir
finals.

/S/
/Z/
/IZ/

Languageincontext

Writeanexpositoryarticledevelopingthestatementinitalics
below.Followtheprocedureindicated.
Foodsafetyhasbecomeoneofthemajorworriesformankind.This
worryhasthreemajorsources:industries,foodadditivesandfast
foods.

1. Readhecausesandeffectslistedbelow.
Reasons/causes
industriespollutingthe
soilwithchemicals/too
muchtoxicwastethrown
intorivers/farmersusing
toomanyinsecticidesprays
.(1)
toomanyadditives
(preservatives,flavourings,
colourings)usingtoomuch
salt/sugar.(2)
toofewpeoplepreparing
theirownmeals/toomany
peopleeatinginfastfood
restaurants/fastfood
containingtoomuchfat
.(3)

Results/effects
poisoningofwatersources/toolittle
watertodrink/fruitsandvegetables
containinginsecticideandchemical
residues.(1)

peopledeveloping
allergies/sufferingfromfood
poisoning.(2)

puttingonweight/developing
diseases.(3)


2. Linkthecausesandeffectsusingthefollowing
connectors:because,owingto,since,as,dueto,asaresult,so,
consequently.
3. Writeafirstdraftofyournewspaperarticle.Organizeitaccording
tothediagrambelow.Inyourconclusion,trytosuggestasolution
totheproblem.

introduction
conclusion

123

Body
4. Reviewyournewspaperarticlepayingattentionto
punctuation,spellingmistakes,subjectverbagreement,
tensesandsentenceconstruction.Thenwriteyourfinal
version.