Chemistry=The study of particles and how they move and interact with each other.

Particles examples: element, proton, compound, electron, etc.

Particle types:
Atom:
The smallest part of an
element that still has the
properties of that element

COMPOUND

element
a substance that is made
up entirely from only 1
type or one kind of atom
of atoms

A substance made up of
2 or more different
types of atoms
chemically bonded together.
(meaning, made from 2 or more
DIFFERENT elements)

Ex: water (H2O), table salt (NaCl)

smallest particle that makes

up matter
the basic building blocks of
matter, and cannot be
chemically broken down by
ordinary means.
the smallest particle of an
element (or pure substance)
that still has the properties of
that element.
composed of three type of
particles: protons, neutrons,
and electrons.

each type of atom has

properties different from other
atoms

A total of 112 elements

are known today.

made from atoms from 2

or more DIFFERENT

Molecule
A particle made up of 2 or more
atoms chemically bonded
together, atoms are of the
SAME or DIFFERENT types.

(meaning, it can be made from 2 or

more the SAME or DIFFERENT
elements)
Ex: (H2, O2, H2O)

elements
Compounds do not have
the properties of the
elements which they are
formed from.

So, if it is made up of 2 or
more different types of
atoms ----in other words,
it contains 2 or more
different elements. )

formed when atoms of the

same or different
elements chemically
combine (meaning, the
atoms can be the same type
or different types).

A molecule can be made up of 2

or more atoms of the same
ELEMENT joining together (like
Hydrogen gas = 2 atoms of
Hydrogen) or
2 or more atoms of different
elements joining together (like
water = 2 atoms of Hydrogen

The number of protons in

an atom determines what
element it is.

a compound contains 2 or
more types of atoms
because it is made up of 2
or more different

elements

When a molecule has

and 1 atom of Oxygen)

Recall:
same element = means same
type of atoms
different elements= means
different type of atoms

atoms of at least 2
different elements, it is
called a COMPOUND. Eg:
water (H2O) is a
compound.

Examples of Compounds:
Water is made up if 2 elements:
H2O =the most abundant compound on Earth's
surface

hydrogen (H)
Oxygen (O)

Sugar (Sucrose) is made up of 3 elements:

(C12H22O11)

Halite (rock salt) is made made up of 2 elements:

(NaCl)

Hydrogen (H)
Oxygen (O)
Carbon (C)

Sodium
chlorine

The chemical formula for water is H2O, which

means each molecule of water consists of:
1 Oxygen (O) atom chemically bonded to 2
hydrogen (H) atoms

All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds.

Ex: Hydrogen gas is a molecule but NOT a compound

A compound is a molecule that contains at least 2 different elements .

When two or more ATOMS join together, (automatically) ==== they make a MOLECULE.
WHY??? What is the difference between a compound and a molecule?
A molecule is formed when 2 or more atoms join together chemically, the atoms can be of the SAME or DIFFERENT
elements (which means the atoms can be the same type or different types).

A molecule can be made up of 2 or more atoms of the same element joining together (Ex: Hydrogen gas = 2 atoms of
Hydrogen) OR 2 or more atoms of different elements joining together (Ex: water = 2 atoms of Hydrogen and 1 atom of
Oxygen)

A compound is a molecule that contains at least two different

of atoms)

When a molecule has atoms of at least 2 different

elements (which means it contains DIFFERENT types

elements, it is called a COMPOUND.

Ex: water (H2O) is a compound.

Molecule only but NOT compounds:
Molecular hydrogen (H2), molecular oxygen (O2) and molecular nitrogen (N2) are not compounds because each is composed of
a 1

element only.

BOTH Compounds and Molecules:

Water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are compounds because each is made from more than 1

element. The smallest bit of each of these substances would be referred to as a molecule.
Why is water a molecule and a compound?

How do you determine whether a substance is a compound or a molecule?

A molecule is what you get when any 2 or more atoms join together (from same or different elements).
A compound is what you get when atoms of two or more different types (or atoms of two or more different
elements) join together.
All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds.
Water is a molecule because it is made from atoms that have been chemically combined.
It is also a compound because the atoms that make water are not all the same - some are oxygen and some
are hydrogen.
Atom:

COMPOUND

element

Molecule

Au (Gold)

Au

HaSO4

HaSO4

K (Potassium)

HCl

HCl

Ar (Argon)

Ar

CO2

CO2

Na (Sodium)

Na

H2O

H2O

CO

CO

Fe2O3

Fe2O3
O3
O2
H2
N2

CH4

The Atom

CH4

Building blocks of matter

STRUCTURE an atom: Atom is composed of three smaller particles (sub-atomic particles): : Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

Positively
charged
PROTONS
In the

No
charge

NUCLE
US

NEUTRONS

Negatively charged
ELECTRONS orbits around the
NUCLEUS which occur in

SHELLS

or energy levels

ELECTRONS are
arranged in energy
levels, or SHELLS,
around the
NUCLEUS.

In a stable atom:
no. of ELECTRONS

= no. of PROTONS

Why?
because the positive charge of PROTONS will be
cancelled out by the negative charge of ELECTRONS
.

There are three atomic species.......

Neutral Atom is the atom with no net charge.
The number of electrons in an atom is always the same as the number of protons, so atoms are electrically neutral overall.

In this type of atom, Atomic Number = Number of Protons = Number of Electrons.

For example, Gold (Au) has an atomic number of 79, which means it has 79 protons and 79 neutrons.
Ion is the atom that is capable of gaining or losing electrons.
Atoms can lose or gain electrons. When they do, they form charged particles called ions:
if an atom loses one or more electrons, it becomes a positively charged ion
if an atom gains one or more electrons, it becomes a negatively charged ion

Negative charged ion (aka. anion) is an ion that gains electrons. Non-metals are the anions.
Positive charged ion (aka. cation ) is an ion that loses electrons. Metals are the cations.
In this case, number of protons can be calculated by Protons - Charge.
Isotopes are the atomic species that have same atomic number / number of protons but different atomic masses
/ mass numbers.
In all species, the number of neutrons are calculated byAtomic mass - Number of Protons.

http://education.jlab.org/qa/compound.html
http://education.jlab.org/qa/atoms_and_elements.html
http://faculty.colostate-pueblo.edu/linda.wilkes/111/2a.html
http://www.leekhigh.staffs.sch.uk/science/chemistry/chim/PTfolder/PTTe.htm
http://teacherknowledge.wikispaces.com/McCaman+demo+lesson+rationale
http://chemistrymysteries.blogspot.com/2012/04/atomic-structure.html