Avogadro's law

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this
article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and
removed. (March 2009)
Avogadro's law (sometimes referred to as Avogadro's hypothesis or Avogadro's principle) is
an experimental gas law relating volume of a gas to the amount of substanceof gas present. A
modern statement of Avogadro's law is:
Avogadro's law states that, "equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure,
have the same number of molecules".
For a given mass of an ideal gas, the volume and amount (moles) of the gas are directly
proportional if the temperature and pressure are constant.
which can be written as:
or

where:
V is the volume of the gas
n is the amount of substance of the gas (measured in moles).
k is a constant equal to RT/P, where R is the universal gas constant, T is the Kelvin
temperature, and P is the pressure. As temperature and pressure are constant, RT/P is
also constant and represented as k. This is derived from the ideal gas law.
This law describes how, under the same condition
of temperature and pressure, equal volumes of all gases contain the same
number of molecules. For comparing the same substance under two
different sets of conditions, the law can be usefully expressed as follows:

The equation shows that, as the number of moles of gas increases, the
volume of the gas also increases in proportion. Similarly, if the number
of moles of gas is decreased, then the volume also decreases. Thus,
the number of molecules or atoms in a specific volume of ideal gas is
independent of their size or the molar mass of the gas.
The law is named after Amedeo Avogadro who, in 1811,[1] hypothesized
that two given samples of an ideal gas, of the same volume and at the
same temperature and pressure, contain the same number of
molecules. As an example, equal volumes of
molecular hydrogen and nitrogen contain the same number of
molecules when they are at the same temperature and pressure, and
observe ideal gas behavior. In practice, real gases show small
deviations from the ideal behavior and the law holds only approximately,
but is still a useful approximation for scientists.
Contents
[hide]

1 Mathematical definition

2 Ideal gas law

3 Molar volume

4 See also

5 References

6 External links

Mathematical definition[edit]
Avogadro's law is stated mathematically as:

Where:
V is the volume of the gas(es).
n is the amount of substance of the gas.
k is a proportionality constant.
The most significant consequence of Avogadro's law is
that the ideal gas constant has the same value for all
gases. This means that:

Where:
p is the pressure of the gas in the cell
T is the temperature in kelvin of the gas

Ideal gas law[edit]

A common rearrangement of this equation
is by letting R be the proportionality
constant, and rearranging as follows:
This equation is known as the ideal
gas law.

Molar volume[edit]
Taking STP to be 101.325 kPa and
273.15 K, we can find the volume of
one mole of a gas:

For 100.00 kPa and 273.15 K, the

molar volume of an ideal gas is
22.712 dm3mol1.