AW101 :

OCCUPATIONAL
SAFETY AND HEALTH 1
CASE STUDY
TOPIC : DROWNING

CONTENT
N
TOPIC
O.
1. INTRODUCTION DROWNING

PAGES

2. TYPES OF DROWNING
3. THE SYMPTOMS OF DROWNING
4. HOW TO HELP VICTIMS OF ALMOST
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

DROWNED (NEAR DROWNING)

HOW TO PREVENT FROM
DROWNING
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
(CPR)
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
ATTACHMENT

INTRODUCTION DROWNING

DROWNING
Drowning is a condition that occurs when oxygen is
blocked / partitions from entering the respiratory tract
caused by drowning in the water, but not to cause death.
However, the lack of oxygen in the blood can lead to
tissue damage and brain death, and this phenomenon is
called drowning.

TYPES OF DROWNING

Dry Drowning
Near Drowning
Fresh Water Drowning
Salt Water Drowning
Secondary Drowning

1.Dry Drowning
Muscle spasms in the area around the voice box block the
airway, often due to immersion in cold water. This is
known as apnoea. No water enters the lungs. Around 10%
of drownings are dry drownings.

2.Near Drowning
Near drowning is the term for survival after suffocation
caused by submersion in water or another fluid. Some
experts exclude from this definition cases of temporary
survival that end in death within 24 hours.

3.Fresh Water Drowning

Only a small amount of either kind of water is needed to

damage the lungs and interfere with the body's ability to
breathe. If fresh water is inhaled, it passes from the lungs
to the bloodstream and destroys red blood cells.

4.Salt Water Drowning

If salt water is inhaled, the salt causes fluid from the body
to enter the lung tissue displacing the air.

5.Secondary Drowning
If a tiny amount of water enters the lungs, this can cause
irritation, and the fluid produced in the lungs as a result
can accumulate to cause drowning up to 72 hours after
immersion in water. Casualties who have suffered near
drowning must always be seen by a doctor as soon as
possible, even if they appear to be fine.

THE SYMPTOMS OF DROWNING

 Symptoms depend on the severity, among others,

include coughing, gasping, vomiting, wheezing,
bluish skin and unconscious.
Effects implication drowning. Almost Drowning
situation can lead to conditions such as:
i) Infection of the lungs
ii) permanent damage brain tissue
iii) Body fluid in the lungs
iv) Heart irregularities, include heart attack and
death

HOW TO HELP VICTIMS OF

ALMOST DROWNED (NEAR
DROWNING)
The level of awareness of victims.
Ask for help
Check the respiratory tract, breathing and pulse victim
conditions
Remove impurities in the mouth (if any)
Perform Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) if the
victim was found not breathing
Immediately seek medical help.

HOW TO PREVENT FROM

DROWNING
Learn cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Encourage all family members including infants to
learn swim
Never swim alone
Dont drink alcohol

CARDIOPULMONARY
RESUSCITATION (CPR)
CPR is an important key in the chain of survival for
victims who suffered sudden shock to the heart and
breathing. It is intended to prevent brain damage before
receiving medical assistance. CPR has two objectives,
namely: Maintain blood flow throughout the body.
Maintain the flow of air in and out of the lungs.
Steps to perform CPR (DRABC)
D = danger.
R = response.
A = airway.
B = breathing.
C = blood circulation.

D = danger

 The value of the prevailing situation. Depending on

the scene.
Remove objects that could be dangerous to you and
your future.
Try to ask for help if you need to control the situation.

R = response
Check the patient's reaction. Wake patients, pat the
shoulder and yelled, "are you ok?"
Place the patient lying supine on a compact surface.
If there is no response, call an ambulance (999 or
991)

A = airway
Do technique 'chin lift and tilt your head'. Open the
airway tract in patients with head tilted his chin with
one hand while with the other hand raised again.
Check whether the tongue victims disturbing the
respiratory tract. Move the tongue that prevents
breathing.

B = breathing
Position the cheek near the nose and mouth, look
toward the patient's chest.
See, hear and feel breathing for 5 to 10 seconds.

 If no breathing, pinch the nose closed the patient until

Give 2 full blowing into her mouth for 2 seconds each
blow
C = blood circulation
If there are no signs of normal breathing, coughing,
or any movement on the patient, start chest pressure.
Put your hands in the middle of the chest / sternum
Bone (heartburn) and press into 1 to 2 inches by 15
times at a rate of 80 - 100times per minute. With the
count And One, And Two, And Three up and Fifteen.
Continue with gusts 2 and 15 times the pressure
until medical help arrives.

CONCLUSION
Drowning is a leading g lobal killer, particularly among
children and young adults. It is pr eventable but
neglected relative to its impact on families, communities
and livelihoods.
Drowning is an important public health issue with major
impacts on children and youth. Drowning is preventable.
Proven strategies implemented at household, community
and national level range from teaching basic swim skills
and installing barriers that control exposure to water
hazards, to providing safe spaces for children such as
nuseries and learning about safe rescue. Tailored to
individual settings and risk groups, countries should take
steps to improve data on drowning mortality and
morbidity, and establish a national water safety plan.

REFERENCES
- Google image
- http://www.scribd.com/doc/30732006/01-LangkahLangkah-Dan-Cara-Menghadapi-Kecemasan#scribd
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drowning

ATTACHMENT