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86 • Wiosna 2002
Rehabilitacja wiæzadÆa krzyºowego
The rehabilitation protocol is flexible, intensity and — return to work after 3 – 6 weeks, recreation and
progression of rehabilitation vary and is related to: sport activity after 4, 6, 9, months
the surgery (graft choice, fixation, operative proce- — close cooperation between surgeon, therapist and
dure), timing from injury (tissue adaptation, com- patient during rehabilitation
pensatory mechanisms), coexisting injures (menis- We focus on achieving as fast as possible, full exten-
cus and cartilage lesion), age, patients activity level, sion of the knee, muscle control and proprioception.
motivation and knowledge of the rehabilitation pro- Exercises are performed in closed and open kinetic
gram. chains, with cocontraction of hamstring muscle, in
the way to avoid too much stress on healing graft.
Principles of postoperative care and rehabilitation in In cases of athletes and recreational active patients,
our clinic are: there were included to rehabilitation program (from
— decrease of pain, swelling, and inflammation early postoperative) elements of sports specific exer-
— full weight bearing as tolerated witch or without cises.
crutches That helped to restore proper movements patterns
— immediate ROM exercises in the range 0° – 60° to and to brake psychical barrier in returning to full
90° as tolerated, gradually increased to 120° and full sports activity.
flexion after 6 – 9 weeks postoperatively (utilizing Return to sport is allowed when patients achieves
CPM, passive, active assisted and active exercises) full range of motion, normal proprioception and ba-
— quadriceps, hamstrings and whole lower limb and lance, functional tests results about 90% and there is
pelvis muscle exercises with increasing resistance in no pain or swelling in connection with physical ac-
close and open kinetic chains tivity. [Acta Clinica 2:86-100]
— prevention from patello-femoral joint problems
— proprioception and coordination exercises (from Key words: anterior cruciate ligament, reconstruc-
early postoperative) tion, rehabilitation
Tom 2, Numer 1 • 87
Acta Clinica
88 • Wiosna 2002
Rehabilitacja wiæzadÆa krzyºowego
Tom 2, Numer 1 • 89
Acta Clinica
90 • Wiosna 2002
Rehabilitacja wiæzadÆa krzyºowego
Tabela 1.
Tom 2, Numer 1 • 91
Acta Clinica
92 • Wiosna 2002
Rehabilitacja wiæzadÆa krzyºowego
Tom 2, Numer 1 • 93
Acta Clinica
94 • Wiosna 2002
Rehabilitacja wiæzadÆa krzyºowego
widÆowego wzorca chodu i profilaktyki do- wysiæku, powodujå nie tylko zwiækszenie
legliwo¥ci ze SRU (16). Jednak zbyt wczes- bólu, ale równieº zwiækszajå obciåºenie
ne i intensywne ìwiczenia forsujåce wy- biernych stabilizatorów stawu i mogå spo-
prost i zgiæcie, szczególnie przy istniejåcym wodowaì rozciågniæcie przeszczepu. Uni-
kamy ìwiczeñ w pozycjach koñcowych ak-
tualnego zakresu ruchu oraz rotacji we-
wnætrznej podudzia, szczególnie podczas
ìwiczeñ biernych, z uwagi na zwiækszenie
obciåºenia przeszczepu (12).
Obciåºanie koñczyny dozwolone jest
w dniu operacji, w zaleºno¥ci od tolerancji
bólowej, ale w fazie ostrej ograniczamy
chodzenie do dwóch-trzech godzin dzien-
nie. Do odzyskania peÆnej kontroli
miæ¥niowej pacjent porusza siæ z pomocå
kul.
Tom 2, Numer 1 • 95
Acta Clinica
96 • Wiosna 2002
Rehabilitacja wiæzadÆa krzyºowego
Tom 2, Numer 1 • 97
Acta Clinica
98 • Wiosna 2002
Rehabilitacja wiæzadÆa krzyºowego
mi urazami, powinni oni kontynuowaì tre- 8. Hooper D., Morrissey M., Drechsler W., Morris-
ning siÆy miæ¥niowej we wÆasnym zakresie, sey D.: Open and closed kinetic chain exercises in
the early period after Anterior Cruciate Ligament
a takºe wÆåczyì do treningu sportowego reconstruction. Am J Sports Med. 2001, 29 (2):
ìwiczenia rozciågajåce i propriocepcji. 167 – 174.
Dziæki odpowiedniej technice operacyj- 9. Lephart S., Pinciniero D., Giraldo J., Fu F.: Cur-
nej oraz systematycznej, indywidualnie do- rent Concept the Role of Proprioception in the Ma-
branej rehabilitacji pacjenci szybko wracajå nagement and Rehabilitation of Athletic Injures.
do codziennej aktywno¥ci, pracy oraz ak- Am J Sports Med, 1997, 25: 130 – 137.
10. Mrozkowiak M., Kowalski J.: Rehabilitacja sta-
tywno¥ci rekreacyjnej i sportowej. wu kolanowego po plastyce wiæzadÆa krzyºowego
Dobre odlegÆe wyniki po rekonstrukcji przedniego metodå Shelbourna. Postæpy Rehabilita-
wiæzadÆa krzyºowego przedniego pacjen- cji. 1998, 12 (3): 37 – 46.
tów operowanych w Carolina Medical Cen- 11. O’Connor J.J.: Can muscle co-contraction pro-
ter ¥wiadczå o tym, ºe technika operacyjna tect knee ligaments after injury or repair? J Bone Jo-
i program rehabilitacji stosowany przez int Surg, 1993, 75-B (1): 41 – 47.
12. Parker M.G.: Biomechanical and histological
nasz zespóÆ, så optymalne dla powrotu peÆ- concepts in the rehabilitation of patients with Ante-
nej funkcji kolana. rior Cruciate Ligament reconstructions. JOSPT,
1994, 20 (1).
13. Rougraff B., Shelbourne D.K., Gerth P., Warner
J.: Arthroscopic and histologic analysis of human
Pi¥miennictwo
patellar tendon autografts used for anterior cruciate
ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med. 1993, 21
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Millennium from roboties to gene therapy, May rior cruciate ligament deficient knee. Knee Surg,
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kewich C.J., Renström P.A., Nichols C.E.: The usprawniania pacjentów po plastyce przedniego wiæ-
strain behavior of the Anterior Crucite Ligament zadÆa krzyºowego kolana z uºyciem wiæzadÆa wÆa¥ci-
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Tom 2, Numer 1 • 99
Acta Clinica
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25. Wilk K.E., Escamilla R.F., Fleising G.S., Bar- Adres do korespondencji / Address for correspon-
rentine S.W., Andrews J.R., Boyd M.L.: A compari- dence: Artur Pasierbiñski, Carolina Medical Center,
son of tibiofemoral joint forces and electromyograp- ul. Broniewskiego 89, 01 – 876 Warszawa