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ActiveProfileisthatpartageartooththatactuallycomesintocontactwithitsmatingtooth
alongthelineofaction.
Angular Bevel Gears are bevel gears in which the axes are not at a
right angle.
Arc of Approach (Qt) is the arc of the pitch circle through which a tooth
travels from the time it first makes contact with a mating tooth
until it is in contact at the pitch point.
Arc of Recession (Qr) is the arc of pitch circle through which a tooth
travels from the time it is in contact with a mating tooth at the
pitch point until contact ceases.
Axial Pressure Angle (x) is the angle between the tangent to the tooth
profile in an axial plane at the pitch surface and a line
perpendicular to the axis.
Base Circular Thickness (tb) is the length of arc on the base circle
between two involute curves forming the profiles of a tooth.
Base Cylinder is the cylinder of the same diameter as the base circle.
Base Lead Angle (b) is the lead angle at the base cylinder.
Base Diameter (Db) is the diameter of the circle from which the
involute form is generated.
Db = D Cos
Base Helix Angle (b) is the helix angle at the base cylinder.
Base Pitch (Pb) is the circular pitch in the plane of rotation at the
base circle.
Pb = Cos / Pd
Base Radius (rb) is the radius of the circle from which the involute
form is generated.
Base Tooth Thickness (Tb) is the distance on the base circle in the plane
of rotation between involutes of the same pitch.
BottomLandisthesurfaceofagearbetweentheflanksoftwoadjacentteeth.Forexternal
gearsitismeasuredintherootandforinternalgearsitismeasuredattheminortipofthe
tooth.
Center Distance (C) is the radial distance from the center of a gear to
the center of its mating gear.
Chordal Addendum (ac) is the radial distance from the circular tooth
thickness chord to the top of the tooth.
P = / Pd
Circular thickness (t) is the thickness of the tooth on the pitch circle.
t (Basic) = .5 P
(P = Circular Pitch)
Clearance (c) is the radial distance between the top of a tooth and
the bottom of the mating tooth space.
c = .157 / Pd
Contact Ratio (mc) is the ratio of the arc of action to the circular pitch.
mc = sqrt(Ro1 - Rb1) + sqrt(Ro2 - Rb2-C SIN )
P COS
(Ro1 and Ro2 = Outside Radius of gear 1 and Gear 2)
(Rb1 and Rb2 = Base Radius of Gear 1 and Gear 2)
(C = Center Distance, P = Circular Pitch, = Pressure Angle)
ContactRatioTotal(mf)istheratioofthesumofthearcofactionandthefaceadvanceto
thecircularpitch.
CrownedTeethareteethhavingmodifiedsurfacesinthelengthwisedirectiontoprevent
contactattheirends.
b = 1.157 / Pd
Diametral Pitch (Pd) is the ratio of the number of teeth per inches
of pitch diameter.
Pd = / P
Pd = N / D
Pd = N + 2 / Do
Pd = (Pb / Cos ) /
Pd = 25.4 / m
(P = Circular Pitch)
(N = Number of Teeth, D = Pitch Diameter)
(Do = Outside Diameter)
(Pb = Base Pitch, = Pressure Angle)
(m = Module)
Effective Face Width (Fe) is the width of face that actually comes into
contact with a mating gear.
Fillet Curve is the concave portion of the tooth profile where it joins
the bottom of the tooth space.
Fillet Radius (rt) is the radius of a circular arc approximating the fillet
curve.
Form Diameter (TIF) - is the diameter of the circle beyond which the
tooth profile must conform to the specified involute curve.
Full Depth Teeth are teeth in which the working depth equals 2.0
divided by the Diametral pitch.
Gear Ratio (mG is the ratio of the number of teeth in a mating set of
gears.
Hub Diameter is the diameter of the central part of the gear body
surrounding the bore and extending beyond the web, spokes or
body.
Hub Extension is the distance that the hub extends beyond the face
of the gear body..
Inside Diameter (Di) is the diameter of the circle which contains the
tops of the teeth of an internal gear.
(a = An angle in degrees)
Involute Roll Angle () is an angle whose arc on the base circle of radius
unity equals the tangent of the pressure angle at a selected point
on the involute.
KFactor(K)Istheratiooftooththicknesschangetothemeasurementover/betweenpins
change.
Lead (L) is the axial advance of a helix for one complete turn, as in
the threads of cylindrical worms and teeth of helical gears.
L = D / Tan
Lead Angle () is the angle between a tangent to the pitch helix and a
plane of rotation.
Line of Centers is the straight line through the center of tangent pitch
circles.
Line of Contact is the line or curve along which two tooth surfaces are
tangent to each other.
Long and Short addendum teeth are the teeth of engaging gears (on a
standard designed center distance), one of which has a long
addendum and the other has a short addendum.
Module(Metric)(m)istheratioofthepitchdiameterinmillimeterstothenumberofteeth.
m=25.4/Pd(Pd=DiametralPitch)
Normal Base Pitch (Pnb) is the circular pitch taken along the base circle
normal to the gear helix angle.
Pnb = Pn Cos n
tn = tt Cos
Helix Angle)
tn = .5 Pn
Normal Circular Pitch (Pn) (Normal to the helix angle) is the shortest
distance on the pitch surface between corresponding pitch line
elements of adjacent teeth.
Pn = Pt Cos
Pn = / Pnd
NormalDiametralPitch(Pnd)isthediametralpitchcorrespondingtothenormalcircular
pitchandcalculatedinthenormalplane.
Pnd = Pd / Cos
Operating Pitch Diameters (dp) are the pitch diameters determined from
the numbers of teeth and the center distance at which gears
operate.
dp = Db / Cos
OutsideDiameter(Do)isthediameterofthecirclethatcontainsthetopsoftheteethofan
externalgear.
Do = N + 2 / Pd
Do = D + 2 / Pd
Outside Cylinder is the surface which coincides with the tops of the
teeth of an external cylindrical gear.
Outside helix Angle (o) is the helix angle at the outside Cylinder.
Outside Lead Angle (o) is the lead angle at the outside cylinder.
Outside Radius (Ro) is the radius of the circle which contains the tops
of the teeth of external gears.
PitchCircleisthecirclethroughthepitchpointhavingitscenterattheaxisofthegear.
D = N .3183 P
D = N / Pd
(P = Circular Pitch)
(D = Pitch Diameter)
Pitch Range is the difference between the longest and the shortest
pitches on a gear.
Point of Contact is the point at which two profiles touch each other.
Plane of Rotation is any plane perpendicular to a gear axis.
Cos=Pb/(/Pd)(Pb=BasePitch,Pd=DiametralPitch)
Profile Control Diameter is the diameter of the circle beyond which the
tooth profile must conform to the specified involute curve.
Rack is a gear with teeth spaced along a straight line, and suitable
for straight-line motion. It is also described as a gear with an
infinite number of teeth.
RollAngle(Involute)()isananglewhosearconthebasecircleofradiusunityequalsthe
tangentofthepressureangleataselectedpointontheinvolute.
Root Diameter (DR) is the diameter of the circle which contains the
roots of the teeth.
Root Radius (Rr) is the radius of the root circle containing the
bottoms of the tooth spaces.
Tooth Face is the surface between the pitch line element and the top
of the tooth.
Tooth Fillet is the curved surface of the tooth flank joining it to the
bottom land.
Tooth Flank is the surface between the pitch line and the bottom
land including the fillet.
Tooth Surface is the total area including the tooth face and the tooth
flank.
tt = tn / Cos
Helix Angle)
Transverse Plane (t) is perpendicular to the axial plane and to the pitch plane.
In parallel axis gears, the transverse plane and the plane of rotation
coincide.
TrueInvoluteFormDiameter(TIF)isthediameterofthecirclebeyondwhichthetooth
profilemustconformtothespecifiedinvolutecurve.
Whole Depth (ht) is the radial distance between the outside circle and
the root circle.
ht = 2.157 / Pd