IEEE PES ISGT ASIA 2012 1569535003

Modeling and Simulation of the Asynchronous

Wind Turbine
Wen Shao, Buhan Zhang, Chenxiong Mao, Yizhe Chen, Biao Mao, Yi Chen, Jie Zeng, Xun Chen

network management technology, to facilitate the access of

distributed power generation system, implementation of
demand side management and energy optimized
configuration.
Wind power as a distributed power has been extensively
developed. It has a lot of advantages, such as clean and
pollution-free, short construction period, flexible investment,
small footprint, the quick technology advancement, good
economic and social benefits. However, the randomness,
volatility, as well as uncontrollability, make great fluctuations
in wind power output. With the further development of wind
energy, when the capacity of wind power accounted for a
certain percentage of the total capacity of the grid, this
volatility will adversely affect the power grid [2-3]. In order
to eliminate the impact of large-scale development of wind
power on the grid, people at home and abroad make a variety
of complementary energy systems, such as wind-hydro hybrid
system [4-5], wind-photovoltaic system [6] and wind fuel cell
hybrid energy system [7].
The asynchronous wind turbine is one of the commonly
used wind turbine. This paper builds the asynchronous wind
turbine and the microgrid model based on Matlab/Simulink
simulation platform.The port characteristics of the
asynchronous wind turbine is given. Finally, a storage unit
was connected to the microgrid to study the effect of energy
storage device in the microgrid.

AbstractWith a large number of distributed generations

access, the impact of distributed generations to the grids
security and stability can not be ignored. The microgrid is a
good solution to the access. This paper builds the asynchronous
wind turbine and the microgrid model based on
Matlab/Simulink simulation platform.The port characteristics
of the asynchronous wind turbine is given. Finally, a storage
unit was connected to to the port of the wind turbine to study
the effect of energy storage device in the microgrid.
Index TermsWind Turbine, MicroGrid, Energy Storage

I. INTRODUCTION

ith the development of national economy and the rapid

growth of electricity demand, National electricity sector
concentrates its investment mostly in the thermal power,
hydropower and nuclear power and other large centralized
power and the construction of high pressure on long-distance
transmission networks. However, with the expansion of the
grid, the drawbacks of large scale power systems become
more apparent. With the high cost and operation difficulty,
the large scale power systems become more and more difficult
to adapt to the user's safety and reliability of power supply
requirements and diverse needs. People began to look for new
ways; distributed generation has been put on the agenda.
Distributed generation with less pollution, high reliability and
energy efficiency, flexible installation locations, and many
other advantages, becomes an effective solution to many
large-scale centralized power grids potential problems [1].
Despite the outstanding advantages of distributed power,
there are many problems such as the high access costs of
distributed power and control difficulties. Based on this, the
researchers proposed a new organization and structure of
distributed energy - microgrid, it is a new energy supply and

II. MODELING FOR ASYNCHRONOUS WIND TURBINE

A. Asynchronous Wind Turbine Model
The Asynchronous wind turbine is modeled in
Matlab/Simulink, as shown in Figure 1, the wind turbine
produces the torque from the input wind speed in order to
control the output power of the asynchronous generator. The
wind turbine model comes from the Matlab Demos. The wind
turbine built a two-dimensional table to calculate the output
torque of the turbine according to the Wind Speed.

This work is supported by National Basic Research Program of China(No.

2009CB219702), National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.
50837003) and National Basic Research Program of China2010CB227206.
Wen Shao, Buhan Zhang, Chenxiong Mao, Yizhe Chen, Biao Mao, Yi Chen
are with State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and
Technology (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Wuhan 430074,
China(e-mail:
shaowen_61@126.com,
zhangbuhan@mail.hust.edu.cn,
cxmao@mail.hust.edu.cn, kaisercyz@foxmail.com,
biaomao@gmail.com,
690035718@qq.com).
Jie Zeng, Xun Chen are with Electric Power Research Institute of
Guangdong Power Grid corporation, Guangzhou 510080,China.

2
Fig. 1. the Asynchronous Wind Turbine Model

B. Wind Speed Model

In Matlab/Simulink, we can use multiple sources to
simulate a basic wind, gusts, the gradient wind and the
random wind. At last, we combine these four kinds of wind
speed together to simulate the actual wind speed. The
combination of wind speed is shown in Figure 2.

Fig. 4. the microgrid simulation diagram with asynchronous wind turbine

A. Basic Wind & Gradient Wind

The basic wind velocity is 9m/s, the gradient wind with a
maximum wind velocity 3m/s starts at time 2s, ends at time
5s. The wind speed waveform combined of the basic wind and
the gradient wind is shown in Figure 5, the voltage and power
waveforms of the wind turbine are shown in Figure 6 and
Figure 7.

Fig. 2. the Wind Speed Model

C. Wind Turbine Model

The wind turbine module, as is shown in Figure 3,comes
from the Simulink module.

14
Wind Speed(m/s)

13
12
11
10
9
8
1

4
t(s)

Fig. 5. wind speed waveform

Fig. 3. the Wind Turbine Model

III. THE PORT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WIND TURBINE

We build a microgrid model containing the asynchronous
wind turbine as shown in Figure 4. The three-phase
programmable voltage source and the transformer are treated
as the main grid. While the other elements are treated as the
microgrid. The measure point M0 is the PCC (Point of
Common Coupling) of the loads in the microgrid.
The wind turbines rated capacity, voltage, and wind
speed are 15kVA, 400V and 11m/s respectively. The output
port of the asynchronous wind turbine is in parallel with a
capacitor of 20kvar for the use of reactive power
compensation.
Fig. 6. voltage waveform

8
4

P(kW)

Q(kvar)

Fig. 10. power waveform

Fig. 7. power waveform

From Figure 5 to Figure 10, we can observe that the

power of the asynchronous wind turbine varies as the wind
speed changes. The output active power and absorbed reactive
power are increasing with the increase of the wind speed. the
generator terminal voltage has been stable at 1.0pu.

B. Basic Wind & Gusts

The basic wind velocity is 8m/s, the gusts with a
maximum wind velocity 6m/s starts at time 2s, ends at time
7s. The wind speed waveform combined of the basic wind and
the gusts is shown in Figure 8. The voltage and power
waveforms of the wind turbine are shown in Figure 9 and
Figure 10.
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8
t(s)

IV. SIMULATION CASE OF MICROGRID

Wind Speed(m/s)

To study the effect of energy storage device in the

microgrid, a storage unit was connected to the port of the
wind turbine. The microgrid with the storage device is shown
in Figure 11. The storage unit is chosen as an ideal energy
storage model. Its an device that energy can flow in both
directions. And its control strategy is to follow the power
fluctuation of the wind turbine and compensate it
instantaneously.
The wind speed model of the wind turbine is set as the
basic wind and gusts. The basic wind velocity is 11m/s, the
gusts with a maximum wind velocity 3m/s starts at time 2s,
ends at time 7s. We got the port characteristics of the wind
turbine as Figure 12 to Figure 14.
The exchanged power between the PCC of microgrid and
the main grid when disconnecting and connecting the storage
device is shown in Figure 15 and Figure 16. From the figure
we can easily found that the exchanged power has become
more smoothly as the energy storage device has played an
important role in smoothing the power fluctuation of the wind
turbine. Fig. 17 shows the output power of the storage device.

Fig. 8. wind speed waveform

Fig. 9. voltage waveform

Fig. 11. the microgrid with the storage device

Fig. 12. wind speed waveform

P(kW)

Q(kvar)

Fig. 16. Exchanged reactive power between the PCC and the main grid

Fig. 13. voltage waveform

Fig. 17. Active and reactive power of the energy storage device

V.

CONCLUSION

In this paper, a model of the asynchronous wind turbine is

described and then a microgrid model containing the
asynchronous wind turbine has been built to represent the
port characteristics of the asynchronous wind turbine. Finally,
a storage unit was connected to the port of the wind turbine to
study the effect of energy storage device in the microgrid. It
comes to the conclusion that a storage device is an effective
and important way to smooth the power fluctuation.
In this paper, only the fluctuation of the wind turbine is
considered. In the further research, we can consider the
fluctuation of the load as well as other distributed generations.
The energy storage device is simulated as an ideal energy
storage model. We can use the detailed model in the further
research.

Fig. 14. power waveform

VI. REFERENCES
[1]

[2]

Fig. 15. Exchanged active power between the PCC and the main grid

LU Zongxiang, WANG Caixia, MIN Yong, et al. Overview on microgrid

research[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems ,2007, 31( 19) : 100107.
P Gardner, H Snodin, A Higgins, S McGoldrick. The impacts of increased
levels of wind penetration on the electricity systems of the Republic of
Ireland and Northern Ireland: Final Report[R]. Garrad Hassan and Partners
Limited. 2003:1-39.

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[3]

[4]

[5]
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[7]

S. Neris, N.A. Vovos, G.B.Giannakopoulos. A variable speed wind energy

conversion scheme for connection to weak ac systems[J]. IEEE Trans on
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O.A. Jaramillo, M.A. Borja, J.M. Huacuz. Using hydropower to
complement wind energy: a hybrid system to provide firm power.
Renewable Energy[J].2004,29: 1887-1909.
George C. Bakos. Feasibility study of a hybrid wind/hydro power-system
for low-cost electricity production[J]. Applied Energy, 2002,72:599-608.
Francois Giraud. Analysis of a utility-interactive wind-photovoltaic hybrid
system with battery storage using neural network[D]. Doctor dissertation.
University of Massachusetts Lowell,1999
M.T. Iqbal. Modeling and control of a wind fuel cell hybrid energy system
[J]. Renewable Energy,2003,28(2): 223-237.

VII. BIOGRAPHIES
Wen Shao was born in Tianmen in Hubei province, on June 1,
1989.
He received bachelor degrees from College of Electrical
and Electronic Engineering in Huazhong University of
Science and Technology. And now he is studying for his
master degree in Huazhong University of Science and
Technology.
His research interests include power system analysis,
energy storage system and power electronics technology.
Buhan Zhang received his M.S. degree in electrical
engineering from HUST in 1982. Currently, he is a full
professor and doctorial tutor of HUST. His research activities include power
system analysis and planning, electricity market, distributed generation, energy
storage and electric power safety.
Chenxiong Mao received his Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from
HUST in 1991. Currently, he is a full professor and doctorial tutor of HUST. His
research activities include power system operation and control, the excitation
control of synchronous generator and applications of high power electronic
technology to power system.
Yizhe Chen received his M.S. degree in electrical engineering from
Huazhong University of Science and Technology in 2011. Currently, he is
engaged in the areas of distributed generation, energy storage and microgrid.
Biao mao received his B.E. degree from Huazhong University of Science and
Technology in 2009. Now he is studying for his master degree in Huazhong
University of Science and Technology. His research interests include power system
analysis and economic dispatch of wind power integrated system.
Yi Chen received her B.E. degree from Zhejiang University in 2011. Now
she is studying for her master degree in Huazhong University of Science and
Technology. Her research interests include power system analysis , renewable
energy generation and energy storage system.
Jie Zeng received his Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from HUST.
Currently, he is a senior engineer in Electric Power Research Institute of
Guangdong Power Grid corporation.
Xun Chen is a senior engineer in Electric Power Research Institute of
Guangdong Power Grid corporation.