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6.002 ELECTRONICS
Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
∂φ B Outside elements
=0
∂t
∂q Inside elements
=0
∂t
wires resistors sources
Allows us to create the lumped circuit
abstraction
Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
i
+
v Lumped circuit element
-
Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
KVL:
∑ jν j = 0
loop
KCL:
∑jij = 0
node
Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
R1 R4
R3
+ b d
–
R2 R5
Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
lots of unknowns
lots of equations
lots of fun
solve
Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
Element Relationships
R
For R, V = IR
For voltage source, V = V0 +–
V0
For current source, I = I 0 J
Io
3 lumped circuit elements
Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
+ +
ν1 R1 ν4 R4
– R3 –
+ + b
ν 0 = V0 – d
– +ν 3 –
+ +
ν2 R2 ν5 R5
– –
c
The Demo Circuit
Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
i
+
ν Element e
-
Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
c
L4
The Demo Circuit
Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
/
ugh @#!
Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
R1 R2 R3 RN R1 + R2 + + RN
A … ⇔
B G1 G2 GN ⇔ G1 + G2 + GN
1
Gi =
Ri
V1 V2 V1 + V2
C +– +– ⇔ +–
D
⇔ I1 + I 2
J
J
I1 I2
Example I =?
V + R1
–
R2 R3
I I
R1
V +
– V +
– R
R2 R3
R2 + R3
R2 R3
R = R1 +
R2 + R3
V
I=
R
Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
V0
R1 R R4
3 e2
+ V e1
– 0
R2 R5
J
I1
Step 1
Step 2
Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
V0
R1 R R4
3 e2
+ V e1
– 0
for
R2 R5 I1 convenience,
J
write
1
Gi =
Ri
KCL at e1
(e1 − V0 )G1 + (e1 − e2 )G3 + (e1 )G2 = 0
KCL at e2
(e2 − e1 )G3 + (e2 − V0 )G4 + (e2 )G5 − I1 = 0
Step 3
Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
R1 R R4
3 e2
+ V e1
– 0
R2 R5
J
I1
1
Gi =
Ri
KCL at e1
(e1 − V0 )G1 + (e1 − e2 )G3 + (e1 )G2 = 0
KCL at l2
(e2 − e1 )G3 + (e2 − V0 )G4 + (e2 )G5 − I1 = 0
move constant terms to RHS & collect unknowns
e1 (G1 + G2 + G3 ) + e2 (−G3 ) = V0 (G1 )
e1 (−G3 ) + e2 (G3 + G4 + G5 ) = V0 (G4 ) + I1
2 equations, 2 unknowns Solve for e’s
(compare units) Step 4
Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
⎡G1 + G2 + G3 − G3 ⎤ ⎡ e1 ⎤ ⎡ G1V0 ⎤
⎢ =
⎣ − G3 G3 + G4 + G5 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣e2 ⎥⎦ ⎢G V + I ⎥
⎣ 4 0 1⎦
Solve
⎡G3 + G4 + G5 G3 ⎤ ⎡ G1V0 ⎤
⎡ e1 ⎤ ⎢⎣ G3 G1 + G2 + G3 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣G4V0 + I1 ⎥⎦
⎢e ⎥ = (G1 + G2 + G3 )(G3 + G4 + G5 ) − G3 2
⎣ 2⎦
e = 3 4
(
G +G +G G V + G G V + I
5 1 0 3 4 0 1
)( ) ( )( )
1 G G +G G +G G +G G +G G +G G +G 2 +G G +G G
1 3 1 4 1 5 2 3 2 4 2 5 3 3 4 3 5
(same denominator)
G1 ⎫ 1 G2 ⎫ 1 1
⎬ = ⎬= G3 =
G5 ⎭ 8.2 K G4 ⎭ 3.9 K 1.5 K
I1 = 0
G G V + G +G +G G V + I
e = 3 10 1 2 3 40 1
( )( )
(
2 G + G + G + G + G + G −G 2
1 2 3 3 4 5 3
)( )
1 1 1
G +G +G = + + =1
1 2 3 8.2 3.9 1.5
1 1 1
G3 + G4 + G5 = + + =1
1.5 3.9 8.2
1 1 1
× + 1×
e2 = 8.2 1.5 3.9 V
0
1
1− 2
1.5
Check out the
e2 = 0.6V0 DEMO
If V0 = 3V , then e2 = 1.8V0
Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].