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The software or hardware described in this document is furnished under a license
and may be used or disclosed only in accordance with the terms of such license.
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ABB AB
Substation Automation Products
SE-721 59 Vsters
Sweden
Telephone: +46 (0) 21 32 50 00
Facsimile: +46 (0) 21 14 69 18
http://www.abb.com/substationautomation
Disclaimer
The data, examples and diagrams in this manual are included solely for the concept
or product description and are not to be deemed as a statement of guaranteed
properties. All persons responsible for applying the equipment addressed in this
manual must satisfy themselves that each intended application is suitable and
acceptable, including that any applicable safety or other operational requirements
are complied with. In particular, any risks in applications where a system failure and/
or product failure would create a risk for harm to property or persons (including but
not limited to personal injuries or death) shall be the sole responsibility of the
person or entity applying the equipment, and those so responsible are hereby
requested to ensure that all measures are taken to exclude or mitigate such risks.
This document has been carefully checked by ABB but deviations cannot be
completely ruled out. In case any errors are detected, the reader is kindly requested
to notify the manufacturer. Other than under explicit contractual commitments, in
no event shall ABB be responsible or liable for any loss or damage resulting from
the use of this manual or the application of the equipment.
Conformity
This product complies with the directive of the Council of the European
Communities on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to
electromagnetic compatibility (EMC Directive 2004/108/EC) and concerning
electrical equipment for use within specified voltage limits (Low-voltage directive
2006/95/EC). This conformity is the result of tests conducted by ABB in
accordance with the product standards EN 50263 and EN 60255-26 for the EMC
directive, and with the product standards EN 60255-1 and EN 60255-27 for the low
voltage directive. The IED is designed in accordance with the international
standards of the IEC 60255 series.
Table of contents
Table of contents
Section 1
Introduction.....................................................................31
Introduction to the technical reference manual.................................31
About the complete set of manuals for an IED............................31
About the technical reference manual.........................................32
This manual.................................................................................33
Introduction.............................................................................33
Principle of operation..............................................................33
Input and output signals.........................................................36
Function block........................................................................36
Setting parameters.................................................................36
Technical data........................................................................37
Intended audience.......................................................................37
Related documents......................................................................37
Revision notes.............................................................................38
Section 2
Analog inputs..................................................................39
Introduction.......................................................................................39
Operation principle...........................................................................39
Function block..................................................................................40
Setting parameters...........................................................................41
Section 3
Local HMI.......................................................................47
Human machine interface ................................................................47
Small size HMI..................................................................................49
Small............................................................................................49
Design.........................................................................................49
Medium size graphic HMI.................................................................51
Medium........................................................................................51
Design.........................................................................................51
Keypad.............................................................................................53
LED...................................................................................................54
Introduction..................................................................................54
Status indication LEDs................................................................54
Indication LEDs...........................................................................54
Local HMI related functions..............................................................55
Introduction..................................................................................55
General setting parameters.........................................................56
Status LEDs.................................................................................56
Design....................................................................................56
Function block........................................................................56
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Section 4
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Table of contents
Principle of operation.................................................................106
Function block...........................................................................106
Output signals............................................................................106
Setting parameters....................................................................107
Denial of service DOS....................................................................107
Introduction................................................................................107
Principle of operation.................................................................107
Function blocks..........................................................................107
Signals.......................................................................................108
Settings......................................................................................108
Section 5
Differential protection...................................................109
Line differential protection..............................................................109
Introduction................................................................................109
Line differential protection, 3 or 6 CT sets L3CPDIF,
L6CPDIF...............................................................................109
Line differential protection 3 or 6 CT sets, with in-zone
transformers LT3CPDIF, LT6CPDIF....................................111
Analog signal transfer for line differential protection............111
Principle of operation.................................................................112
Algorithm and logic...............................................................112
Time synchronization...........................................................118
Analog signal communication for line differential
protection..............................................................................120
Open CT detection feature...................................................123
Binary signal transfer............................................................124
Line differential coordination function LDLPDIF ..................125
Function block...........................................................................125
Input and output signals............................................................127
Setting parameters....................................................................133
Technical data...........................................................................143
1Ph High impedance differential protection HZPDIF .....................143
Identification..............................................................................143
Introduction................................................................................144
Principle of operation.................................................................144
Logic diagram.......................................................................144
Function block...........................................................................145
Input and output signals............................................................145
Setting parameters....................................................................145
Technical data...........................................................................146
Additional security logic for differential protection STSGGIO ........146
Introduction................................................................................146
Principle of operation.................................................................147
Function block...........................................................................151
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Section 6
Table of contents
Table of contents
Setting parameters....................................................................255
Mho impedance supervision logic ZSMGAPC................................256
Introduction................................................................................256
Principle of operation.................................................................257
Fault inception detection......................................................257
Function block...........................................................................258
Input and output signals............................................................258
Setting parameters....................................................................259
Faulty phase identification with load encroachment
FMPSPDIS.....................................................................................259
Introduction................................................................................260
Principle of operation.................................................................260
The phase selection function................................................260
Function block...........................................................................271
Input and output signals............................................................272
Setting parameters....................................................................272
Technical data...........................................................................273
Distance protection zone, quadrilateral characteristic, separate
settings ZMRPDIS, ZMRAPDIS and ZDRDIR................................273
Introduction................................................................................274
Principle of operation.................................................................275
Full scheme measurement...................................................275
Impedance characteristic.....................................................275
Minimum operating current...................................................279
Measuring principles............................................................279
Directional impedance element for quadrilateral
characteristics......................................................................282
Simplified logic diagrams......................................................284
Function block...........................................................................287
Input and output signals............................................................288
Setting parameters....................................................................290
Technical data...........................................................................292
Phase selection, quadrilateral characteristic with settable
angle FRPSPDIS............................................................................292
Introduction................................................................................293
Principle of operation.................................................................293
Phase-to-earth fault..............................................................295
Phase-to-phase fault............................................................297
Three-phase faults...............................................................299
Load encroachment..............................................................299
Minimum operate currents....................................................304
Simplified logic diagrams......................................................305
Function block...........................................................................309
Input and output signals............................................................310
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Setting parameters....................................................................311
Technical data...........................................................................312
Power swing detection ZMRPSB ...................................................312
Introduction................................................................................312
Principle of operation.................................................................312
Resistive reach in forward direction.....................................314
Resistive reach in reverse direction.....................................314
Reactive reach in forward and reverse direction..................315
Basic detection logic.............................................................315
Operating and inhibit conditions...........................................318
Function block...........................................................................319
Input and output signals............................................................319
Setting parameters....................................................................320
Technical data...........................................................................321
Power swing logic ZMRPSL ..........................................................321
Introduction................................................................................321
Principle of operation.................................................................321
Communication and tripping logic........................................321
Blocking logic.......................................................................322
Function block...........................................................................324
Input and output signals............................................................324
Setting parameters....................................................................325
Pole slip protection PSPPPAM ......................................................325
Introduction................................................................................325
Principle of operation.................................................................325
Function block...........................................................................329
Input and output signals............................................................329
Setting parameters....................................................................330
Technical data...........................................................................330
Automatic switch onto fault logic, voltage and current based
ZCVPSOF ......................................................................................331
Introduction................................................................................331
Principle of operation.................................................................331
Function block...........................................................................333
Input and output signals............................................................333
Setting parameters....................................................................333
Technical data...........................................................................334
Phase preference logic PPLPHIZ...................................................334
Introduction................................................................................334
Principle of operation.................................................................334
Function block...........................................................................337
Input and output signals............................................................337
Setting parameters....................................................................338
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Section 7
Current protection.........................................................341
Instantaneous phase overcurrent protection PHPIOC ..................341
Introduction................................................................................341
Principle of operation.................................................................341
Function block...........................................................................342
Input and output signals............................................................342
Setting parameters....................................................................342
Technical data...........................................................................343
Four step phase overcurrent protection OC4PTOC ......................343
Introduction................................................................................343
Principle of operation.................................................................343
Function block...........................................................................348
Input and output signals............................................................348
Setting parameters....................................................................350
Technical data...........................................................................355
Instantaneous residual overcurrent protection EFPIOC ................356
Introduction................................................................................356
Principle of operation.................................................................356
Function block...........................................................................357
Input and output signals............................................................357
Setting parameters....................................................................357
Technical data...........................................................................358
Four step residual overcurrent protection EF4PTOC ....................358
Introduction................................................................................358
Principle of operation.................................................................359
Operating quantity within the function..................................359
Internal polarizing.................................................................360
External polarizing for earth-fault function............................362
Base quantities within the protection....................................362
Internal earth-fault protection structure................................362
Four residual overcurrent steps............................................363
Directional supervision element with integrated
directional comparison function............................................364
Second harmonic blocking element.....................................366
Switch on to fault feature......................................................368
Function block...........................................................................370
Input and output signals............................................................371
Setting parameters....................................................................372
Technical data...........................................................................377
Four step directional negative phase sequence overcurrent
protection NS4PTOC .....................................................................377
Introduction................................................................................378
Principle of operation.................................................................378
9
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Principle of operation.................................................................418
Pole discordance signaling from circuit breaker...................421
Unsymmetrical current detection..........................................421
Function block...........................................................................421
Input and output signals............................................................422
Setting parameters....................................................................422
Technical data...........................................................................423
Directional underpower protection GUPPDUP...............................423
Introduction................................................................................423
Principle of operation.................................................................424
Low pass filtering..................................................................426
Calibration of analog inputs..................................................426
Function block...........................................................................427
Input and output signals............................................................428
Setting parameters....................................................................428
Technical data...........................................................................429
Directional overpower protection GOPPDOP ................................430
Introduction................................................................................430
Principle of operation.................................................................431
Low pass filtering..................................................................433
Calibration of analog inputs..................................................433
Function block...........................................................................434
Input and output signals............................................................435
Setting parameters....................................................................435
Technical data...........................................................................437
Broken conductor check BRCPTOC .............................................437
Introduction................................................................................437
Principle of operation.................................................................437
Function block...........................................................................438
Input and output signals............................................................439
Setting parameters....................................................................439
Technical data...........................................................................439
Section 8
Voltage protection........................................................441
Two step undervoltage protection UV2PTUV ................................441
Introduction................................................................................441
Principle of operation.................................................................441
Measurement principle.........................................................442
Time delay............................................................................442
Blocking................................................................................447
Design..................................................................................448
Function block...........................................................................450
Input and output signals............................................................450
Setting parameters....................................................................451
11
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Technical data...........................................................................453
Two step overvoltage protection OV2PTOV ..................................454
Introduction................................................................................454
Principle of operation.................................................................454
Measurement principle.........................................................455
Time delay............................................................................455
Blocking................................................................................461
Design..................................................................................461
Function block...........................................................................463
Input and output signals............................................................463
Setting parameters....................................................................464
Technical data...........................................................................466
Two step residual overvoltage protection ROV2PTOV .................466
Introduction................................................................................466
Principle of operation.................................................................467
Measurement principle.........................................................467
Time delay............................................................................467
Blocking................................................................................472
Design..................................................................................472
Function block...........................................................................473
Input and output signals............................................................474
Setting parameters....................................................................474
Technical data...........................................................................476
Overexcitation protection OEXPVPH ............................................476
Introduction................................................................................476
Principle of operation.................................................................477
Measured voltage.................................................................479
Operate time of the overexcitation protection.......................480
Cooling.................................................................................484
Overexcitation protection function measurands...................484
Overexcitation alarm............................................................485
Logic diagram.......................................................................485
Function block...........................................................................486
Input and output signals............................................................486
Setting parameters....................................................................486
Technical data...........................................................................488
Voltage differential protection VDCPTOV ......................................488
Introduction................................................................................488
Principle of operation.................................................................488
Function block...........................................................................490
Input and output signals............................................................490
Setting parameters....................................................................490
Technical data...........................................................................491
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Section 9
Frequency protection....................................................495
Underfrequency protection SAPTUF .............................................495
Introduction................................................................................495
Principle of operation.................................................................495
Measurement principle.........................................................496
Time delay............................................................................496
Voltage dependent time delay..............................................496
Blocking................................................................................498
Design..................................................................................498
Function block...........................................................................499
Input and output signals............................................................499
Setting parameters....................................................................499
Technical data...........................................................................500
Overfrequency protection SAPTOF ...............................................500
Introduction................................................................................501
Principle of operation.................................................................501
Measurement principle.........................................................501
Time delay............................................................................501
Blocking................................................................................502
Design..................................................................................502
Function block...........................................................................503
Input and output signals............................................................503
Setting parameters....................................................................503
Technical data...........................................................................504
Rate-of-change frequency protection SAPFRC .............................504
Introduction................................................................................504
Principle of operation.................................................................504
Measurement principle.........................................................505
Time delay............................................................................505
Blocking................................................................................505
Design..................................................................................506
Function block...........................................................................507
Input and output signals............................................................507
Setting parameters....................................................................507
Technical data...........................................................................508
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Section 12 Control..........................................................................553
Synchrocheck, energizing check, and synchronizing
SESRSYN......................................................................................553
Introduction................................................................................553
Principle of operation.................................................................554
Basic functionality.................................................................554
Logic diagrams.....................................................................554
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Function block...........................................................................563
Input and output signals............................................................563
Setting parameters....................................................................566
Technical data...........................................................................569
Autorecloser SMBRREC ...............................................................569
Introduction................................................................................570
Principle of operation.................................................................570
Logic Diagrams....................................................................570
Auto-reclosing operation Off and On....................................570
Auto-reclosing mode selection.............................................570
Start auto-reclosing and conditions for start of a
reclosing cycle......................................................................571
Control of the auto-reclosing open time for shot 1...............572
Long trip signal.....................................................................572
Time sequence diagrams.....................................................579
Function block...........................................................................582
Input and output signals............................................................582
Setting parameters....................................................................584
Technical data...........................................................................586
Apparatus control APC...................................................................586
Introduction................................................................................586
Principle of operation.................................................................586
Error handling............................................................................587
Bay control QCBAY...................................................................589
Introduction...........................................................................589
Principle of operation............................................................589
Function block......................................................................591
Input and output signals.......................................................591
Setting parameters...............................................................592
Local/Remote switch.................................................................592
Introduction...........................................................................592
Principle of operation............................................................592
Function block......................................................................594
Input and output signals.......................................................594
Setting parameters...............................................................595
Switch controller SCSWI...........................................................595
Introduction...........................................................................596
Principle of operation............................................................596
Function block......................................................................601
Input and output signals.......................................................601
Setting parameters...............................................................602
Circuit breaker SXCBR..............................................................602
Introduction...........................................................................603
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Principle of operation............................................................603
Function block......................................................................607
Input and output signals.......................................................607
Setting parameters...............................................................608
Circuit switch SXSWI.................................................................608
Introduction...........................................................................608
Principle of operation............................................................608
Function block......................................................................612
Input and output signals.......................................................612
Setting parameters...............................................................613
Bay reserve QCRSV..................................................................613
Introduction...........................................................................614
Principle of operation............................................................614
Function block......................................................................616
Input and output signals.......................................................617
Setting parameters...............................................................618
Reservation input RESIN...........................................................618
Introduction...........................................................................618
Principle of operation............................................................618
Function block......................................................................620
Input and output signals.......................................................621
Setting parameters...............................................................622
Interlocking ....................................................................................622
Introduction................................................................................622
Principle of operation.................................................................622
Logical node for interlocking SCILO .........................................625
Introduction...........................................................................625
Logic diagram.......................................................................625
Function block......................................................................626
Input and output signals.......................................................626
Interlocking for busbar earthing switch BB_ES .........................626
Introduction...........................................................................627
Function block......................................................................627
Logic diagram.......................................................................627
Input and output signals.......................................................627
Interlocking for bus-section breaker A1A2_BS..........................628
Introduction...........................................................................628
Function block......................................................................629
Logic diagram.......................................................................630
Input and output signals.......................................................631
Interlocking for bus-section disconnector A1A2_DC ................632
Introduction...........................................................................633
Function block......................................................................633
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Table of contents
Logic diagram.......................................................................634
Input and output signals.......................................................634
Interlocking for bus-coupler bay ABC_BC ................................635
Introduction...........................................................................635
Function block......................................................................636
Logic diagram.......................................................................637
Input and output signals.......................................................639
Interlocking for 1 1/2 CB BH .....................................................642
Introduction...........................................................................642
Function blocks....................................................................643
Logic diagrams.....................................................................645
Input and output signals.......................................................650
Interlocking for double CB bay DB ...........................................654
Introduction...........................................................................654
Function block......................................................................655
Logic diagrams.....................................................................657
Input and output signals ......................................................660
Interlocking for line bay ABC_LINE ..........................................663
Introduction...........................................................................663
Function block......................................................................664
Logic diagram.......................................................................665
Input and output signals.......................................................670
Interlocking for transformer bay AB_TRAFO ............................672
Introduction...........................................................................673
Function block......................................................................674
Logic diagram.......................................................................675
Input and output signals.......................................................676
Position evaluation POS_EVAL.................................................678
Introduction...........................................................................678
Logic diagram.......................................................................678
Function block......................................................................679
Input and output signals.......................................................679
Logic rotating switch for function selection and LHMI
presentation SLGGIO.....................................................................679
Introduction................................................................................679
Principle of operation.................................................................679
Functionality and behaviour ................................................681
Graphical display..................................................................681
Function block...........................................................................683
Input and output signals............................................................683
Setting parameters....................................................................684
Selector mini switch VSGGIO.........................................................685
Introduction................................................................................685
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Principle of operation.................................................................685
Function block...........................................................................686
Input and output signals............................................................686
Setting parameters....................................................................687
Generic double point function block DPGGIO................................687
Introduction................................................................................687
Principle of operation.................................................................687
Function block...........................................................................688
Input and output signals............................................................688
Settings......................................................................................688
Single point generic control 8 signals SPC8GGIO.........................688
Introduction................................................................................688
Principle of operation.................................................................689
Function block...........................................................................689
Input and output signals............................................................689
Setting parameters....................................................................690
AutomationBits, command function for DNP3.0 AUTOBITS..........690
Introduction................................................................................691
Principle of operation.................................................................691
Function block...........................................................................692
Input and output signals............................................................692
Setting parameters....................................................................693
Single command, 16 signals SINGLECMD....................................707
Introduction................................................................................707
Principle of operation.................................................................707
Function block...........................................................................708
Input and output signals............................................................708
Setting parameters....................................................................709
Table of contents
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Table of contents
Table of contents
Table of contents
Introduction...........................................................................773
Principle of operation............................................................774
Function block......................................................................774
Input and output signals.......................................................774
Setting parameters...............................................................775
Technical data......................................................................775
Section 14 Logic.............................................................................777
Tripping logic SMPPTRC ...............................................................777
Introduction................................................................................777
Principle of operation.................................................................777
Logic diagram.......................................................................779
Function block...........................................................................782
Input and output signals............................................................782
Setting parameters....................................................................783
Technical data...........................................................................784
Trip matrix logic TMAGGIO............................................................784
Introduction................................................................................784
Principle of operation.................................................................784
Function block...........................................................................786
Input and output signals............................................................786
Setting parameters....................................................................787
Configurable logic blocks................................................................788
Introduction................................................................................788
Inverter function block INV........................................................788
OR function block OR................................................................789
AND function block AND...........................................................790
Timer function block TIMER......................................................790
Pulse timer function block PULSETIMER..................................791
Exclusive OR function block XOR.............................................791
Loop delay function block LOOPDELAY...................................792
Set-reset with memory function block SRMEMORY.................792
Reset-set with memory function block RSMEMORY.................793
Controllable gate function block GATE......................................794
Settable timer function block TIMERSET..................................795
Technical data...........................................................................796
Fixed signal function block FXDSIGN............................................796
Principle of operation.................................................................796
Function block...........................................................................797
Input and output signals............................................................797
Setting parameters....................................................................797
Boolean 16 to Integer conversion B16I..........................................798
Introduction................................................................................798
Principle of operation.................................................................798
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Function block...........................................................................798
Input and output signals............................................................798
Setting parameters....................................................................799
Boolean 16 to Integer conversion with logic node
representation B16IFCVI................................................................799
Introduction................................................................................799
Principle of operation.................................................................800
Function block...........................................................................800
Input and output signals............................................................800
Setting parameters....................................................................801
Integer to Boolean 16 conversion IB16..........................................801
Introduction................................................................................801
Principle of operation.................................................................801
Function block...........................................................................802
Input and output signals............................................................802
Setting parameters....................................................................803
Integer to Boolean 16 conversion with logic node
representation IB16FCVB...............................................................803
Introduction................................................................................803
Principle of operation.................................................................803
Function block...........................................................................804
Input and output signals............................................................804
Setting parameters....................................................................805
Section 15 Monitoring.....................................................................807
Measurements................................................................................807
Introduction................................................................................808
Principle of operation.................................................................809
Measurement supervision....................................................809
Measurements CVMMXN.....................................................813
Phase current measurement CMMXU.................................818
Phase-phase and phase-neutral voltage measurements
VMMXU, VNMMXU..............................................................819
Voltage and current sequence measurements VMSQI,
CMSQI..................................................................................819
Function block...........................................................................819
Input and output signals............................................................821
Setting parameters....................................................................824
Technical data...........................................................................837
Event counter CNTGGIO................................................................837
Identification..............................................................................837
Introduction................................................................................837
Principle of operation.................................................................838
Reporting..............................................................................838
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Design..................................................................................838
Function block...........................................................................839
Input signals..............................................................................839
Setting parameters....................................................................839
Technical data...........................................................................840
Event function EVENT....................................................................840
Introduction................................................................................840
Principle of operation.................................................................840
Function block...........................................................................842
Input and output signals............................................................842
Setting parameters....................................................................843
Logical signal status report BINSTATREP.....................................845
Introduction................................................................................845
Principle of operation.................................................................845
Function block...........................................................................846
Input and output signals............................................................846
Setting parameters....................................................................847
Fault locator LMBRFLO..................................................................847
Introduction................................................................................848
Principle of operation.................................................................848
Measuring Principle..............................................................849
Accurate algorithm for measurement of distance to fault.....849
The non-compensated impedance model............................853
IEC 60870-5-103..................................................................854
Function block...........................................................................854
Input and output signals............................................................854
Setting parameters....................................................................855
Technical data...........................................................................856
Measured value expander block RANGE_XP................................856
Introduction................................................................................856
Principle of operation.................................................................856
Function block...........................................................................857
Input and output signals............................................................857
Disturbance report DRPRDRE.......................................................857
Introduction................................................................................858
Principle of operation.................................................................858
Function block...........................................................................865
Input and output signals............................................................867
Setting parameters....................................................................868
Technical data...........................................................................878
Event list.........................................................................................878
Introduction................................................................................878
Principle of operation.................................................................878
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Function block...........................................................................879
Input signals..............................................................................879
Technical data...........................................................................879
Indications......................................................................................879
Introduction................................................................................879
Principle of operation.................................................................880
Function block...........................................................................881
Input signals..............................................................................881
Technical data...........................................................................881
Event recorder ...............................................................................881
Introduction................................................................................881
Principle of operation.................................................................881
Function block...........................................................................882
Input signals..............................................................................882
Technical data...........................................................................882
Trip value recorder.........................................................................882
Introduction................................................................................882
Principle of operation.................................................................883
Function block...........................................................................883
Input signals..............................................................................884
Technical data...........................................................................884
Disturbance recorder......................................................................884
Introduction................................................................................884
Principle of operation.................................................................884
Memory and storage............................................................885
IEC 60870-5-103..................................................................886
Function block...........................................................................887
Input and output signals............................................................887
Setting parameters....................................................................887
Technical data...........................................................................887
Section 16 Metering.......................................................................889
Pulse-counter logic PCGGIO..........................................................889
Introduction................................................................................889
Principle of operation.................................................................889
Function block...........................................................................891
Input and output signals............................................................892
Setting parameters....................................................................892
Technical data...........................................................................893
Function for energy calculation and demand handling
ETPMMTR......................................................................................893
Introduction................................................................................893
Principle of operation.................................................................893
Function block...........................................................................894
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Principle of operation.................................................................928
Communication ports...........................................................935
Design.......................................................................................935
Setting parameters....................................................................936
Technical data...........................................................................936
IEC 60870-5-103 communication protocol.....................................936
Introduction................................................................................936
Principle of operation.................................................................936
General.................................................................................936
Communication ports...........................................................946
Function block...........................................................................946
Input and output signals............................................................949
Setting parameters....................................................................954
Technical data...........................................................................957
Horizontal communication via GOOSE for interlocking
GOOSEINTLKRCV.........................................................................957
Function block...........................................................................957
Input and output signals............................................................958
Setting parameters....................................................................959
Goose binary receive GOOSEBINRCV..........................................960
Function block...........................................................................960
Input and output signals............................................................960
Setting parameters....................................................................961
Multiple command and transmit MULTICMDRCV,
MULTICMDSND.............................................................................961
Introduction................................................................................962
Principle of operation.................................................................962
Design.......................................................................................962
General.................................................................................962
Function block...........................................................................963
Input and output signals............................................................964
Setting parameters....................................................................965
27
Technical reference manual
Table of contents
Table of contents
Table of contents
Section 20 Labels.........................................................................1049
Labels on IED...............................................................................1049
Section 23 Glossary.....................................................................1103
30
Technical reference manual
Section 1
Introduction
Section 1
Introduction
1.1
1.1.1
Decommissioning
deinstalling & disposal
Maintenance
Operation
Commissioning
Installing
Engineering
Engineeringmanual
Installation and
Commissioning manual
Operators manual
Application manual
Technical reference
manual
IEC09000744-1-en.vsd
IEC09000744 V1 EN
Section 1
Introduction
1.1.2
Local HMI describes the control panel on the IED and explains display
characteristics, control keys and various local HMI features.
Basic IED functions presents functions for all protection types that are
included in all IEDs, for example, time synchronization, self supervision with
event list, test mode and other general functions.
Differential protection describes differential functions and restricted earth fault
protection.
Impedance protection describes functions for distance zones with their
quadrilateral characteristics, phase selection with load encroachment, power
swing detection and similar.
Current protection describes functions, for example, over current protection,
breaker failure protection and pole discordance.
Voltage protection describes functions for under voltage and over voltage
protection and residual over voltage protection.
Frequency protection describes functions for over frequency, under frequency
and rate of change of frequency protection.
Multipurpose protection describes the general protection function for current
and voltage.
Secondary system supervision describes current based functions for current
circuit supervision and fuse failure supervision.
Control describes control functions, for example, synchronization and
energizing check and other product specific functions.
Scheme communication describes functions related to current reversal and
weak end infeed logic.
32
Technical reference manual
Section 1
Introduction
1.1.3
This manual
The description of each IED related function follows the same structure (where
applicable). The different sections are outlined below.
1.1.3.1
Introduction
Outlines the implementation of a particular protection function.
1.1.3.2
Principle of operation
Describes how the function works, presents a general background to algorithms
and measurement techniques. Logic diagrams are used to illustrate functionality.
Logic diagrams
Logic diagrams describe the signal logic inside the function block and are bordered
by dashed lines.
Signal names
Input and output logic signals consist of two groups of letters separated by two
dashes. The first group consists of up to four letters and presents the abbreviated
name for the corresponding function. The second group presents the functionality
of the particular signal. According to this explanation, the meaning of the signal
BLKTR in figure 4 is as follows:
BLKTR informs the user that the signal will BLOCK the TRIP command from
the under-voltage function, when its value is a logical one (1).
Input signals are always on the left hand side, and output signals on the right hand
side. Settings are not displayed.
33
Technical reference manual
Section 1
Introduction
&
Block TUV=Yes
>1
BLOCK-int.
BLOCK
VTSU
BLOCK-int.
STUL1N
&
BLOCK-int.
&
STUL2N
BLOCK-int.
STUL3N
&
>1
&
TRIP
START
STL1
STL2
STL3
xx04000375.vsd
IEC04000375 V1 EN
Figure 1:
34
Technical reference manual
Section 1
Introduction
External signals
Signal paths that extend beyond the logic diagram and continue in another diagram
have the suffix -cont., see figure 2 and figure 3.
STZMPP-cont.
>1
STCND
STNDL1L2-cont.
&
1L1L2
STNDL2L3-cont.
&
1L2L3
1L3L1
1L1N
1L2N
&
STNDL3L1-cont.
&
STNDL1N-cont.
&
STNDL2N-cont.
STNDL3N-cont.
&
1L3N
STNDPE-cont.
>1
>1
1--VTSZ
&
>1
1--BLOCK
1--STND
BLK-cont.
xx04000376.vsd
IEC04000376 V1 EN
Figure 2:
STNDL1N-cont.
>1
STNDL2N-cont.
STNDL3N-cont.
STNDL1L2-cont.
>1
&
15 ms
t
STL1
&
15 ms
t
STL2
&
15 ms
t
STL3
&
15 ms
t
START
STNDL2L3-cont.
STNDL3L1-cont.
>1
>1
BLK-cont.
xx04000377.vsd
IEC04000377 V1 EN
Figure 3:
35
Technical reference manual
Section 1
Introduction
1.1.3.3
1.1.3.4
Function block
Each function block is illustrated graphically.
Input signals are always on the left hand side and output signals on the right hand
side. Settings are not displayed. Special kinds of settings are sometimes available.
These are supposed to be connected to constants in the configuration scheme and
are therefore depicted as inputs. Such signals will be found in the signal list but
described in the settings table.
The ^ character in front of an input or output signal name in the function block
symbol given for a function, indicates that the user can set a signal name of
their own in PCM600.
The * character after an input or output signal name in the function block
symbol given for a function, indicates that the signal must be connected to
another function block in the application configuration to achieve a valid
application configuration.
IEC 61850 - 8 -1
Logical Node
Mandatory
signal (*)
Inputs
Outputs
PCGGIO
BLOCK
READ_VAL
BI_PULSE*
RS_CNT
INVALID
RESTART
BLOCKED
NEW_VAL
^SCAL_VAL
en05000511-1-en.vsd
User defined
name (^)
Diagram
Number
IEC05000511 V2 EN
Figure 4:
1.1.3.5
Setting parameters
These are presented in tables and include all parameters associated with the
function in question.
36
Technical reference manual
Section 1
Introduction
1.1.3.6
Technical data
The technical data section provides specific technical information about the
function or hardware described.
1.1.4
Intended audience
General
This manual addresses system engineers, installation and commissioning
personnel, who use technical data during engineering, installation and
commissioning, and in normal service.
Requirements
The system engineer must have a thorough knowledge of protection systems,
protection equipment, protection functions and the configured functional logics in
the protective devices. The installation and commissioning personnel must have a
basic knowledge in the handling electronic equipment.
1.1.5
Related documents
Identity number
Operators manual
Application manual
Sample specification
SA2005-001281
37
Technical reference manual
Section 1
Introduction
1.1.6
Revision notes
Revision
Description
38
Technical reference manual
Section 2
Analog inputs
Section 2
Analog inputs
2.1
Introduction
Analog input channels must be configured and set properly to get correct
measurement results and correct protection operations. For power measuring and
all directional and differential functions the directions of the input currents must be
defined properly. Measuring and protection algorithms in the IED use primary
system quantities. Set values are done in primary quantities as well and it is
important to set the data about the connected current and voltage transformers
properly.
A reference PhaseAngleRef can be defined to facilitate service values reading. This
analog channels phase angle will always be fixed to zero degree and all other angle
information will be shown in relation to this analog input. During testing and
commissioning of the IED the reference channel can be changed to facilitate testing
and service values reading.
The IED has the ability to receive analog values from primary
equipment, that are sampled by Merging units (MU) connected to a
process bus, via the IEC 61850-9-2 LE protocol.
2.2
Operation principle
The direction of a current to the IED depends on the connection of the CT. The
main CTs are typically star connected and can be connected with the star point to
the object or from the object. This information must be set to the IED.
Directional conventions for current or power, for example
Positive value of current or power means quantity direction into the object.
Negative value of current or power means quantity direction out from the object.
39
Technical reference manual
Section 2
Analog inputs
Definition of direction
for directional functions
Forward
Forward
Reverse
Protected Object
Line, transformer, etc
e.g. P, Q, I
Measured quantity is
positive when flowing
towards the object
e.g. P, Q, I
Measured quantity is
positive when flowing
towards the object
Set parameter
CTStarPoint
Correct Setting is
"ToObject"
Set parameter
CTStarPoint
Correct Setting is
"FromObject"
en05000456.vsd
IEC05000456 V1 EN
Figure 5:
The ratios of the main CTs and VTs must be known to use primary system
quantities for settings and calculation in the IED, The user has to set the rated
secondary and primary currents and voltages of the CTs and VTs to provide the
IED with this information.
The CT and VT ratio and the name on respective channel is done under Main
menu/Hardware/Analog modules in the Parameter Settings tool.
2.3
Function block
The function blocks are not represented in the configuration tool.
The signals appear only in the SMT tool when a TRM is included in
the configuration with the function selector tool. In the SMT tool
they can be mapped to the desired virtual input (SMAI) of the IED
and used internally in the configuration.
40
Technical reference manual
Section 2
Analog inputs
2.4
Setting parameters
Dependent on ordered IED type.
Table 1:
Name
PhaseAngleRef
Values (Range)
TRM40-Ch1
TRM40-Ch2
TRM40-Ch3
TRM40-Ch4
TRM40-Ch5
TRM40-Ch6
TRM40-Ch7
TRM40-Ch8
TRM40-Ch9
TRM40-Ch10
TRM40-Ch11
TRM40-Ch12
TRM41-Ch1
TRM41-Ch2
TRM41-Ch3
TRM41-Ch4
TRM41-Ch5
TRM41-Ch6
TRM41-Ch7
TRM41-Ch8
TRM41-Ch9
TRM41-Ch10
TRM41-Ch11
TRM41-Ch12
MU1-L1I
MU1-L2I
MU1-L3I
MU1-L4I
MU1-L1U
MU1-L2U
MU1-L3U
MU1-L4U
MU2-L1I
MU2-L2I
MU2-L3I
MU2-L4I
MU2-L1U
MU2-L2U
MU2-L3U
MU2-L4U
MU3-L1I
MU3-L2I
MU3-L3I
MU3-L4I
MU3-L1U
MU3-L2U
MU3-L3U
MU3-L4U
Unit
-
Step
-
Default
TRM40-Ch1
Description
Reference channel for phase angle
presentation
41
Technical reference manual
Section 2
Analog inputs
Table 2:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
CTStarPoint1
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec1
1 - 10
CTprim1
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint2
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec2
1 - 10
CTprim2
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint3
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec3
1 - 10
CTprim3
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint4
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec4
1 - 10
CTprim4
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint5
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec5
1 - 10
CTprim5
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint6
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec6
1 - 10
CTprim6
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint7
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec7
1 - 10
CTprim7
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint8
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec8
1 - 10
CTprim8
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint9
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec9
1 - 10
CTprim9
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint10
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec10
1 - 10
CTprim10
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint11
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec11
1 - 10
Section 2
Analog inputs
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
CTprim11
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint12
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec12
1 - 10
CTprim12
1 - 99999
3000
Table 3:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
CTStarPoint1
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec1
1 - 10
CTprim1
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint2
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec2
1 - 10
CTprim2
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint3
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec3
1 - 10
CTprim3
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint4
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec4
1 - 10
CTprim4
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint5
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec5
1 - 10
CTprim5
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint6
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec6
1 - 10
CTprim6
1 - 99999
3000
VTsec7
0.001 - 999.999
0.001
110.000
VTprim7
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
VTsec8
0.001 - 999.999
0.001
110.000
VTprim8
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
VTsec9
0.001 - 999.999
0.001
110.000
VTprim9
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
VTsec10
0.001 - 999.999
0.001
110.000
VTprim10
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
VTsec11
0.001 - 999.999
0.001
110.000
43
Technical reference manual
Section 2
Analog inputs
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
VTprim11
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
VTsec12
0.001 - 999.999
0.001
110.000
VTprim12
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
Step
Default
Table 4:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Description
Description
CTStarPoint1
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec1
1 - 10
CTprim1
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint2
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec2
1 - 10
CTprim2
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint3
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec3
1 - 10
CTprim3
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint4
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec4
1 - 10
CTprim4
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint5
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec5
1 - 10
CTprim5
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint6
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec6
1 - 10
CTprim6
1 - 99999
3000
Table 5:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
CTStarPoint1
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec1
1 - 10
CTprim1
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint2
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec2
1 - 10
CTprim2
1 - 99999
3000
44
Technical reference manual
Section 2
Analog inputs
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
CTStarPoint3
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec3
1 - 10
CTprim3
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint4
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec4
1 - 10
CTprim4
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint5
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec5
1 - 10
CTprim5
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint6
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec6
1 - 10
CTprim6
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint7
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec7
1 - 10
CTprim7
1 - 99999
3000
VTsec8
0.001 - 999.999
0.001
110.000
VTprim8
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
VTsec9
0.001 - 999.999
0.001
110.000
VTprim9
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
VTsec10
0.001 - 999.999
0.001
110.000
VTprim10
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
VTsec11
0.001 - 999.999
0.001
110.000
VTprim11
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
VTsec12
0.001 - 999.999
0.001
110.000
VTprim12
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
Step
Default
Table 6:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Description
CTStarPoint1
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec1
1 - 10
CTprim1
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint2
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec2
1 - 10
CTprim2
1 - 99999
3000
45
Technical reference manual
Section 2
Analog inputs
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
CTStarPoint3
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec3
1 - 10
CTprim3
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint4
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec4
1 - 10
CTprim4
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint5
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec5
1 - 10
CTprim5
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint6
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec6
1 - 10
CTprim6
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint7
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec7
1 - 10
CTprim7
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint8
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec8
1 - 10
CTprim8
1 - 99999
3000
CTStarPoint9
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTsec9
1 - 10
CTprim9
1 - 99999
3000
VTsec10
0.001 - 999.999
0.001
110.000
VTprim10
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
VTsec11
0.001 - 999.999
0.001
110.000
VTprim11
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
VTsec12
0.001 - 999.999
0.001
110.000
VTprim12
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
46
Technical reference manual
Section 3
Local HMI
Section 3
Local HMI
3.1
47
Technical reference manual
Section 3
Local HMI
IEC05000055-LITEN V1 EN
Figure 6:
IEC05000056-LITEN V1 EN
Figure 7:
48
Technical reference manual
Section 3
Local HMI
3.2
3.2.1
Small
The small sized HMI is available for 1/2, 3/4 and 1/1 x 19 case. The LCD on the
small HMI measures 32 x 90 mm and displays 7 lines with up to 40 characters per
line. The first line displays the product name and the last line displays date and
time. The remaining 5 lines are dynamic. This LCD has no graphic display potential.
3.2.2
Design
The local HMI is identical for both the 1/2, 3/4 and 1/1 cases. The different parts of
the small local HMI are shown in figure 8
49
Technical reference manual
Section 3
Local HMI
en05000055.eps
IEC05000055-CALLOUT V1 EN
Figure 8:
50
Technical reference manual
Section 3
Local HMI
3.3
3.3.1
Medium
The following case sizes can be equipped with the medium size LCD:
1/2 x 19
3/4 x 19
1/1 x 19
This is a fully graphical monochrome LCD which measures 120 x 90 mm. It has 28
lines with up to 40 characters per line. To display the single line diagram, this LCD
is required.
3.3.2
Design
The different parts of the medium size local HMI are shown in figure 9. The local
HMI exists in an IEC version and in an ANSI version. The difference is on the
keypad operation buttons and the yellow LED designation.
51
Technical reference manual
Section 3
Local HMI
en05000056.eps
IEC05000056-CALLOUT V1 EN
Figure 9:
52
Technical reference manual
Section 3
Local HMI
3.4
Keypad
The keypad is used to monitor and operate the IED. The keypad has the same look
and feel in all IEDs. LCD screens and other details may differ but the way the keys
function is identical.
IEC05000153 V1 EN
Figure 10:
Table 7 describes the HMI keys that are used to operate the IED.
Table 7:
Key
IEC05000101 V1 EN
Press to open two sub menus: Key operation and IED information.
IEC05000103 V1 EN
Press to open the main menu and to move to the default screen.
IEC05000105 V1 EN
Press to start the editing mode and confirm setting changes, when in editing mode.
IEC05000108 V1 EN
53
Technical reference manual
Section 3
Local HMI
Key
Function
Press to navigate forward between screens and move right in editing mode.
IEC05000109 V1 EN
Press to navigate backwards between screens and move left in editing mode.
IEC05000110 V1 EN
Press to move up in the single line diagram and in the menu tree.
IEC05000111 V1 EN
Press to move down in the single line diagram and in the menu tree.
IEC05000112 V1 EN
3.5
LED
3.5.1
Introduction
The LED module is a unidirectional means of communicating. This means that
events may occur that activate a LED in order to draw the operators attention to
something that has occurred and needs some sort of action.
3.5.2
Information
Green:
Steady
In service
Flashing
Internal failure
Dark
No power supply
Yellow:
Steady
Flashing
Red:
Steady
3.5.3
Indication LEDs
The LED indication module comprising 15 LEDs is standard in 670 series. Its main
purpose is to present an immediate visual information for protection indications or
alarm signals.
54
Technical reference manual
Section 3
Local HMI
Alarm indication LEDs and hardware associated LEDs are located on the right
hand side of the front panel. Alarm LEDs are located on the right of the LCD
screen and show steady or flashing light.
Alarm LEDs can be configured in PCM600 and depend on the binary logic.
Therefore they can not be configured on the local HMI.
Typical examples of alarm LEDs
The RJ45 port has a yellow LED indicating that communication has been
established between the IED and a computer.
The Local/Remote key on the front panel has two LEDs indicating whether local or
remote control of the IED is active.
3.6
3.6.1
Introduction
The local HMI can be adapted to the application configuration and to user preferences.
55
Technical reference manual
Section 3
Local HMI
3.6.2
Table 8:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Language
English
OptionalLanguage
English
DisplayTimeout
10 - 120
Min
10
60
AutoRepeat
Off
On
On
ContrastLevel
-10 - 20
DefaultScreen
0-0
Default screen
EvListSrtOrder
Latest on top
Oldest on top
Latest on top
SymbolFont
IEC
ANSI
IEC
3.6.3
Status LEDs
3.6.3.1
Design
The function block LocalHMI controls and supplies information about the status of
the status indication LEDs. The input and output signals of local HMI are
configured with PCM600.
The function block can be used if any of the signals are required in a configuration
logic.
See section "Status indication LEDs" for information about the LEDs.
3.6.3.2
Function block
LocalHMI
CLRLEDS
HMI-ON
RED-S
YELLOW-S
YELLOW-F
CLRPULSE
LEDSCLRD
IEC05000773-2-en.vsd
IEC05000773 V2 EN
Figure 11:
3.6.3.3
Default
0
Description
Input to clear the LCD-HMI LEDs
56
Technical reference manual
Section 3
Local HMI
Table 10:
Name
Type
Description
HMI-ON
BOOLEAN
RED-S
BOOLEAN
YELLOW-S
BOOLEAN
YELLOW-F
BOOLEAN
CLRPULSE
BOOLEAN
LEDSCLRD
BOOLEAN
3.6.4
Indication LEDs
3.6.4.1
Introduction
The function block LEDGEN controls and supplies information about the status of
the indication LEDs. The input and output signals of LEDGEN are configured with
PCM600. The input signal for each LED is selected individually with the Signal
Matrix Tool in PCM600.
Each indication LED on the local HMI can be set individually to operate in six
different sequences
The light from the LEDs can be steady (-S) or flashing (-F). See the technical
reference manual for more information.
3.6.4.2
Design
The information on the LEDs is stored at loss of the auxiliary power to the IED in
some of the modes of LEDGEN. The latest LED picture appears immediately after
the IED is successfully restarted.
Operating modes
Collecting mode
57
Section 3
Local HMI
Re-starting mode
In the re-starting mode of operation each new start resets all previous
active LEDs and activates only those which appear during one
disturbance. Only LEDs defined for re-starting mode with the latched
sequence type 6 (LatchedReset-S) will initiate a reset and a restart at a
new disturbance. A disturbance is defined to end a settable time after the
reset of the activated input signals or when the maximum time limit has
elapsed.
Acknowledgment/reset
Automatic reset
Automatic reset can only be performed for indications defined for restarting mode with the latched sequence type 6 (LatchedReset-S). When
automatic reset of the LEDs has been performed, still persisting
indications will be indicated with a steady light.
Operating sequences
For the Follow type the LED follows the input signal completely.
For the Latched type each LED latches to the corresponding input signal until
it is reset.
58
Technical reference manual
Section 3
Local HMI
Figure 12 show the function of available sequences that are selectable for each
LED separately.
The letters S and F in the sequence names have the meaning S = Steady and F =
Flashing.
At the activation of the input signal, the indication operates according to the
selected sequence diagrams.
In the sequence diagrams the LEDs have the characteristics as shown in figure 12.
= No indication
= Steady light
= Flash
en05000506.vsd
IEC05000506 V1 EN
Figure 12:
Sequence 1 (Follow-S)
This sequence follows all the time, with a steady light, the corresponding input
signals. It does not react on acknowledgment or reset. Every LED is independent of
the other LEDs in its operation.
Activating
signal
LED
IEC01000228_2_en.vsd
IEC01000228 V2 EN
Figure 13:
Sequence 2 (Follow-F)
This sequence is the same as sequence 1, Follow-S, but the LEDs are flashing
instead of showing steady light.
Sequence 3 (LatchedAck-F-S)
This sequence has a latched function and works in collecting mode. Every LED is
independent of the other LEDs in its operation. At the activation of the input signal,
the indication starts flashing. After acknowledgment the indication disappears if
59
Technical reference manual
Section 3
Local HMI
the signal is not present any more. If the signal is still present after
acknowledgment it gets a steady light.
Activating
signal
LED
Acknow.
en01000231.vsd
IEC01000231 V1 EN
Figure 14:
Sequence 4 (LatchedAck-S-F)
This sequence has the same functionality as sequence 3, but steady and flashing
light have been alternated.
Sequence 5 (LatchedColl-S)
This sequence has a latched function and works in collecting mode. At the
activation of the input signal, the indication will light up with a steady light. The
difference to sequence 3 and 4 is that indications that are still activated will not be
affected by the reset that is, immediately after the positive edge of the reset has
been executed a new reading and storing of active signals is performed. Every LED
is independent of the other LEDs in its operation.
Activating
signal
LED
Reset
IEC01000235_2_en.vsd
IEC01000235 V2 EN
Figure 15:
Sequence 6 (LatchedReset-S)
In this mode all activated LEDs, which are set to sequence 6 (LatchedReset-S), are
automatically reset at a new disturbance when activating any input signal for other
LEDs set to sequence 6 (LatchedReset-S). Also in this case indications that are still
activated will not be affected by manual reset, that is, immediately after the
positive edge of that the manual reset has been executed a new reading and storing
60
Technical reference manual
Section 3
Local HMI
of active signals is performed. LEDs set for sequence 6 are completely independent
in its operation of LEDs set for other sequences.
Definition of a disturbance
A disturbance is defined to last from the first LED set as LatchedReset-S is
activated until a settable time, tRestart, has elapsed after that all activating signals
for the LEDs set as LatchedReset-S have reset. However if all activating signals
have reset and some signal again becomes active before tRestart has elapsed, the
tRestart timer does not restart the timing sequence. A new disturbance start will be
issued first when all signals have reset after tRestart has elapsed. A diagram of this
functionality is shown in figure 16.
From
disturbance
length control
per LED
set to
sequence 6
New
disturbance
tRestart
t
&
&
1
&
en01000237.vsd
IEC01000237 V1 EN
Figure 16:
In order not to have a lock-up of the indications in the case of a persisting signal
each LED is provided with a timer, tMax, after which time the influence on the
definition of a disturbance of that specific LED is inhibited. This functionality is
shown i diagram in figure 17.
Activating signal
To LED
AND
tMax
To disturbance
length control
t
en05000507.vsd
IEC05000507 V1 EN
Figure 17:
61
Technical reference manual
Section 3
Local HMI
Disturbance
tRestart
Activating
signal 1
Activating
signal 2
LED 1
LED 2
Automatic
reset
Manual
reset
IEC01000239_2-en.vsd
IEC01000239 V2 EN
Figure 18:
Figure 19 shows the timing diagram for a new indication after tRestart time has
elapsed.
Disturbance
tRestart
Disturbance
tRestart
Activating
signal 1
Activating
signal 2
LED 1
LED 2
Automatic
reset
Manual
reset
IEC01000240_2_en.vsd
IEC01000240 V2 EN
Figure 19:
62
Technical reference manual
Section 3
Local HMI
Figure 20 shows the timing diagram when a new indication appears after the first
one has reset but before tRestart has elapsed.
Disturbance
tRestart
Activating
signal 1
Activating
signal 2
LED 1
LED 2
Automatic
reset
Manual
reset
IEC01000241_2_en.vsd
IEC01000241 V2 EN
Figure 20:
LED 1
LED 2
Automatic
reset
Manual
reset
IEC01000242_2_en.vsd
IEC01000242 V2 EN
Figure 21:
Section 3
Local HMI
3.6.4.3
Function block
LEDGEN
BLOCK
RESET
LEDTEST
NEWIND
ACK
IEC05000508_2_en.vsd
IEC05000508 V2 EN
Figure 22:
3.6.4.4
Name
Type
RESET
BOOLEAN
LEDTEST
BOOLEAN
Name
Table 13:
Name
Description
BOOLEAN
Table 12:
3.6.4.5
Default
BLOCK
Type
Description
NEWIND
BOOLEAN
ACK
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
LEDGEN Non group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
tRestart
0.0 - 100.0
0.1
0.0
tMax
0.0 - 100.0
0.1
0.0
SeqTypeLED1
Follow-S
Follow-F
LatchedAck-F-S
LatchedAck-S-F
LatchedColl-S
LatchedReset-S
Follow-S
SeqTypeLED2
Follow-S
Follow-F
LatchedAck-F-S
LatchedAck-S-F
LatchedColl-S
LatchedReset-S
Follow-S
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Section 3
Local HMI
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
SeqTypeLED3
Follow-S
Follow-F
LatchedAck-F-S
LatchedAck-S-F
LatchedColl-S
LatchedReset-S
Follow-S
SeqTypeLED4
Follow-S
Follow-F
LatchedAck-F-S
LatchedAck-S-F
LatchedColl-S
LatchedReset-S
Follow-S
SeqTypeLED5
Follow-S
Follow-F
LatchedAck-F-S
LatchedAck-S-F
LatchedColl-S
LatchedReset-S
Follow-S
SeqTypeLED6
Follow-S
Follow-F
LatchedAck-F-S
LatchedAck-S-F
LatchedColl-S
LatchedReset-S
Follow-S
SeqTypeLED7
Follow-S
Follow-F
LatchedAck-F-S
LatchedAck-S-F
LatchedColl-S
LatchedReset-S
Follow-S
SeqTypeLED8
Follow-S
Follow-F
LatchedAck-F-S
LatchedAck-S-F
LatchedColl-S
LatchedReset-S
Follow-S
SeqTypeLED9
Follow-S
Follow-F
LatchedAck-F-S
LatchedAck-S-F
LatchedColl-S
LatchedReset-S
Follow-S
SeqTypeLED10
Follow-S
Follow-F
LatchedAck-F-S
LatchedAck-S-F
LatchedColl-S
LatchedReset-S
Follow-S
SeqTypeLED11
Follow-S
Follow-F
LatchedAck-F-S
LatchedAck-S-F
LatchedColl-S
LatchedReset-S
Follow-S
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Technical reference manual
Section 3
Local HMI
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
SeqTypeLED12
Follow-S
Follow-F
LatchedAck-F-S
LatchedAck-S-F
LatchedColl-S
LatchedReset-S
Follow-S
SeqTypeLED13
Follow-S
Follow-F
LatchedAck-F-S
LatchedAck-S-F
LatchedColl-S
LatchedReset-S
Follow-S
SeqTypeLED14
Follow-S
Follow-F
LatchedAck-F-S
LatchedAck-S-F
LatchedColl-S
LatchedReset-S
Follow-S
SeqTypeLED15
Follow-S
Follow-F
LatchedAck-F-S
LatchedAck-S-F
LatchedColl-S
LatchedReset-S
Follow-S
66
Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
Section 4
4.1
Authorization
To safeguard the interests of our customers, both the IED and the tools that are
accessing the IED are protected, by means of authorization handling. The
authorization handling of the IED and the PCM600 is implemented at both access
points to the IED:
4.1.1
Principle of operation
There are different levels (or types) of users that can access or operate different
areas of the IED and tools functionality. The pre-defined user types are given in
Table 14.
Be sure that the user logged on to the IED has the access required
when writing particular data to the IED from PCM600.
The meaning of the legends used in the table:
Table 14:
R= Read
W= Write
- = No access rights
Access rights
Guest
Super User
SPA Guest
System
Operator
Protection
Engineer
Design
Engineer
User
Administrator
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Section 4
Basic IED functions
Access rights
Guest
Super User
SPA Guest
System
Operator
Protection
Engineer
Design
Engineer
User
Administrator
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Advanced configuration
possibilities (application
configuration including SMT, GDE
and CMT)
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
The IED users can be created, deleted and edited only with the User Management
Tool (UMT) within PCM600. The user can only LogOn or LogOff on the local
HMI on the IED, there are no users, groups or functions that can be defined on
local HMI.
Only characters A - Z, a - z and 0 - 9 should be used in user names
and passwords.
4.1.1.1
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Section 4
Basic IED functions
Once a user is created and downloaded to the IED, that user can perform a Log on,
introducing the password assigned in the tool.
If there is no user created, an attempt to log on will display a message box: No
user defined!
If one user leaves the IED without logging off, then after the timeout (set in Main
menu/Settings/General Settings/HMI/Screen/Display Timeout) elapses, the IED
returns to Guest state, when only reading is possible. The display time out is set to
60 minutes at delivery.
If there are one or more users created with the User Management Tool and
downloaded into the IED, then, when a user intentionally attempts a Log on or
when the user attempts to perform an operation that is password protected, the Log
on window will appear.
The cursor is focused on the User identity field, so upon pressing the E key, the
user can change the user name, by browsing the list of users, with the up and
down arrows. After choosing the right user name, the user must press the E
key again. When it comes to password, upon pressing the E key, the following
character will show up: $. The user must scroll for every letter in the password.
After all the letters are introduced (passwords are case sensitive) choose OK and
press the E key again.
If everything is alright at a voluntary Log on, the local HMI returns to the
Authorization screen. If the Log on is OK, when required to change for example a
password protected setting, the local HMI returns to the actual setting folder. If the
Log on has failed, then the Log on window opens again, until either the user makes
it right or presses Cancel.
4.2
4.2.1
Introduction
Self supervision with internal event list function listens and reacts to internal
system events, generated by the different built-in self-supervision elements. The
internal events are saved in an internal event list.
4.2.2
Principle of operation
The self-supervision operates continuously and includes:
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Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
The self-supervision function status can be monitored from the local HMI, from the
Event Viewer in PCM600 or from a SMS/SCS system.
Under the Diagnostics menu in the local HMI the present information from the selfsupervision function can be reviewed. The information can be found under Main
menu/Diagnostics/Internal events or Main menu/Diagnostics/IED status/
General. The information from the self-supervision function is also available in the
Event Viewer in PCM600.
A self-supervision summary can be obtained by means of the potential free alarm
contact (INTERNAL FAIL) located on the power supply module. The function of
this output relay is an OR-function between the INT-FAIL signal see figure 24 and
a couple of more severe faults that can occur in the IED, see figure 23
IEC04000520 V1 EN
Figure 23:
70
Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
IO fail
OR
IO stopped
Set
Reset
IO started
OR
Internal
FAIL
OR
LON ERROR
FTF fatal error
OR
Watchdog
NUMFAIL
OR
Reset
Internal
WARN
Set
OR
RTCERROR
Set
RTC OK
Reset
TIMESYNCHERROR
Time reset
OR
Set
Reset
SYNCH OK
Settings changed
NUMWARNING
TIMESYNCHERROR
SETCHGD
1 second pulse
en04000519-1.vsd
IEC04000519 V2 EN
Figure 24:
Some signals are available from the INTERRSIG function block. The signals from
this function block are sent as events to the station level of the control system. The
signals from the INTERRSIG function block can also be connected to binary
outputs for signalization via output relays or they can be used as conditions for
other functions if required/desired.
Individual error signals from I/O modules can be obtained from respective module
in the Signal Matrix tool. Error signals from time synchronization can be obtained
from the time synchronization block TIME.
4.2.2.1
Internal signals
Self supervision provides several status signals, that tells about the condition of the
IED. As they provide information about the internal status of the IED, they are also
called internal signals. The internal signals can be divided into two groups.
Standard signals are always presented in the IED, see Table 15.
Hardware dependent internal signals are collected depending on the hardware
configuration, see Table 16.
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Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
Table 15:
Name of signal
Description
FAIL
WARNING
NUMFAIL
NUMWARNING
RTCERROR
TIMESYNCHERROR
RTEERROR
IEC61850ERROR
WATCHDOG
LMDERROR
APPERROR
SETCHGD
Settings changed
SETGRPCHGD
FTFERROR
Table 16:
Card
Description
PSM
PSM-Error
ADOne
ADOne-Error
BIM
BIM-Error
BOM
BOM-Error
IOM
IOM-Error
MIM
MIM-Error
LDCM
LDCM-Error
Table 17:
Name of signal
FAIL
WARNING
NUMFAIL
NUMWARNING
RTCERROR
This signal will be active when there is a hardware error with the
real time clock.
Section 4
Basic IED functions
Name of signal
4.2.2.2
TIMESYNCHERROR
RTEERROR
IEC61850ERROR
This signal will be active if the IEC 61850 stack did not succeed
in some actions like reading IEC 61850 configuration, startup,
for example
WATCHDOG
This signal will be activated when the terminal has been under
too heavy load for at least 5 minutes. The operating systems
background task is used for the measurements.
LMDERROR
APPERROR
SETCHGD
SETGRPCHGD
FTFERROR
This signal will be active if both the working file and the backup
file are corrupted and can not be recovered.
Run-time model
The analog signals to the A/D converter is internally distributed into two different
converters, one with low amplification and one with high amplification, see Figure
25.
ADx
Adx_Low
x1
u1
x2
Adx_High
Adx
Controller
x1
u1
x2
en05000296-2-en.vsd
IEC05000296 V2 EN
Figure 25:
73
Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
The technique to split the analog input signal into two A/D converters with
different amplification makes it possible to supervise the incoming signals under
normal conditions where the signals from the two converters should be identical.
An alarm is given if the signals are out of the boundaries. Another benefit is that it
improves the dynamic performance of the A/D conversion.
The self-supervision of the A/D conversion is controlled by the ADx_Controller
function. One of the tasks for the controller is to perform a validation of the input
signals. This is done in a validation filter which has mainly two objects: First is the
validation part that checks that the A/D conversion seems to work as expected.
Secondly, the filter chooses which of the two signals that shall be sent to the CPU,
that is the signal that has the most suitable level, the ADx_LO or the 16 times
higherADx_HI.
When the signal is within measurable limits on both channels, a direct comparison
of the two channels can be performed. If the validation fails, the CPU will be
informed and an alarm will be given.
The ADx_Controller also supervise other parts of the A/D converter.
4.2.3
Function block
IEC09000787 V1 EN
Figure 26:
4.2.4
Output signals
Table 18:
Name
4.2.5
Description
FAIL
BOOLEAN
Internal fail
WARNING
BOOLEAN
Internal warning
CPUFAIL
BOOLEAN
CPU fail
CPUWARN
BOOLEAN
CPU warning
Setting parameters
The function does not have any parameters available in the local HMI or PCM600.
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Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
4.2.6
Technical data
Table 19:
Data
Value
Recording manner
List size
4.3
Time synchronization
4.3.1
Introduction
The time synchronization source selector is used to select a common source of
absolute time for the IED when it is a part of a protection system. This makes it
possible to compare event- and disturbance data between all IEDs in a station
automation system possible. A common source shall be used for IED and merging
unit when IEC 61850-9-2LE process bus communication is used.
Micro SCADA OPC server should not be used as a time
synchronization source.
4.3.2
Principle of operation
4.3.2.1
General concepts
Time definitions
The error of a clock is the difference between the actual time of the clock, and the
time the clock is intended to have. The rate accuracy of a clock is normally called
the clock accuracy and means how much the error increases, that is how much the
clock gains or loses time. A disciplined (trained) clock knows its own faults and
tries to compensate for them.
The time system is based on a software clock, which can be adjusted from external
time sources and a hardware clock. The protection and control modules will be
timed from a hardware clock, which runs independently from the software clock.
See figure 27.
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Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
External
Synchronization
sources
Off
LON
SPA
Min. pulse
GPS
SNTP
DNP
Communication
TimeRegulator
(Setting,
see
technical
reference
manual)
Events
Protection
and control
functions
SW-time
Connected when GPS-time is
used for differential protection
IRIG-B
PPS
Off
GPS
IRIG-B
PPS
TimeRegulator
(fast or slow)
A/D
converter
Diff.communication
Transducers*
*IEC 61850-9-2
IEC08000287-2-en.vsd
IEC08000287 V2 EN
Figure 27:
All time tagging is performed by the software clock. When for example a status
signal is changed in the protection system with the function based on free running
hardware clock, the event is time tagged by the software clock when it reaches the
event recorder. Thus the hardware clock can run independently.
The echo mode for the differential protection is based on the hardware clock. Thus,
there is no need to synchronize the hardware clock and the software clock.
The synchronization of the hardware clock and the software clock is necessary only
when GPS or IRIG B 00X with optical fibre, IEEE 1344 is used for differential
protection. The two clock systems are synchronized by a special clock
synchronization unit with two modes, fast and slow. A special feature, an
automatic fast clock time regulator is used. The automatic fast mode makes the
synchronization time as short as possible during start-up or at interruptions/
disturbances in the GPS timing. The setting fast or slow is also available on the
local HMI.
If a GPS clock is used for other 670 series IEDs than line differential RED670, the
hardware and software clocks are not synchronized
76
Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
Synchronization principle
Synchronization from
a higher level
Function
Optional synchronization of
modules at a lower level
IEC09000342-1-en.vsd
IEC09000342 V1 EN
Figure 28:
Synchronization principle
77
Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
4.3.2.2
During power off, the system time in the IED is kept by a capacitor-backed realtime clock that will provide 35 ppm accuracy for 5 days. This means that if the
power is off, the time in the IED may drift with 3 seconds per day, during 5 days,
and after this time the time will be lost completely.
The first message that contains the full time (as for instance LON, SNTP and GPS)
gives an accurate time to the IED. After the initial setting of the clock, one of three
things happens with each of the coming synchronization messages configured as
fine:
Synchronization messages configured as coarse are only used for initial setting of
the time. After this has been done, the messages are checked against the internal
time and only an offset of more than 10 seconds resets the time.
Rate accuracy
In the IED, the rate accuracy at cold start is 100 ppm but if the IED is synchronized
for a while, the rate accuracy is approximately 1 ppm if the surrounding
temperature is constant. Normally, it takes 20 minutes to reach full accuracy.
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Section 4
Basic IED functions
4.3.2.3
Synchronization alternatives
Three main alternatives of external time synchronization are available. Either the
synchronization message is applied via any of the communication ports of the IED
as a telegram message including date and time or as a minute pulse, connected to a
binary input, or via GPS. The minute pulse is used to fine tune already existing
time in the IEDs.
On the serial buses (both LON and SPA) two types of synchronization messages
are sent.
Coarse message is sent every minute and comprises complete date and time,
that is, year, month, day, hours, minutes, seconds and milliseconds.
Fine message is sent every second and comprises only seconds and milliseconds.
IEC60870-5-103 is not used to synchronize the IED, but instead the offset between
the local time in the IED and the time received from 103 is added to all times (in
events and so on) sent via 103. In this way the IED acts as it is synchronized from
various 103 sessions at the same time. Actually, there is a local time for each 103
session.
The SLM module is located on the AD conversion Module (ADM).
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Section 4
Basic IED functions
The built in GPS clock modules receives and decodes time information from the
global positioning system. The modules are located on the GPS time
synchronization Module (GTM).
The IED accepts minute pulses to a binary input. These minute pulses can be
generated from, for example station master clock. If the station master clock is not
synchronized from a world wide source, time will be a relative time valid for the
substation. Both positive and negative edge on the signal can be accepted. This
signal is also considered as a fine time synchronization signal.
The minute pulse is connected to any channel on any Binary Input Module in the
IED. The electrical characteristic is thereby the same as for any other binary input.
If the objective of synchronization is to achieve a relative time within the
substation and if no station master clock with minute pulse output is available, a
simple minute pulse generator can be designed and used for synchronization of the
IEDs. The minute pulse generator can be created using the logical elements and
timers available in the IED.
The definition of a minute pulse is that it occurs one minute after the last pulse. As
only the flanks are detected, the flank of the minute pulse shall occur one minute
after the last flank.
Binary minute pulses are checked with reference to frequency.
Pulse data:
80
Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
a
b
c
en05000251.vsd
IEC05000251 V1 EN
Figure 29:
The default time-out-time for a minute pulse is two minutes, and if no valid minute
pulse is received within two minutes a SYNCERR will be given.
If contact bounces occurs, only the first pulse will be detected as a minute pulse.
The next minute pulse will be registered first 60 s - 50 ms after the last contact bounce.
If the minute pulses are perfect, for example, it is exactly 60 seconds between the
pulses, contact bounces might occur 49 ms after the actual minute pulse without
effecting the system. If contact bounces occurs more than 50 ms, for example, it is
less than 59950 ms between the two most adjacent positive (or negative) flanks, the
minute pulse will not be accepted.
Binary synchronization example
An IED is configured to use only binary input, and a valid binary input is applied
to a binary input card. The HMI is used to tell the IED the approximate time and
the minute pulse is used to synchronize the IED thereafter. The definition of a
minute pulse is that it occurs one minute after the previous minute pulse, so the
first minute pulse is not used at all. The second minute pulse will probably be
rejected due to the spike filter. The third pulse will give the IED a good time and
will reset the time so that the fourth minute pulse will occur on a minute border.
After the first three minutes, the time in the IED will be good if the coarse time is
set properly via the HMI or the RTC backup still keeps the time since last up-time.
If the minute pulse is removed for instance for an hour, the internal time will drift
by maximum the error rate in the internal clock. If the minute pulse is returned, the
first pulse automatically is rejected. The second pulse will possibly be rejected due
to the spike filter. The third pulse will either synchronize the time, if the time offset
is more than 100 ms, or adjust the time, if the time offset is small enough. If the
time is set, the application will be brought to a safe state before the time is set. If
the time is adjusted, the time will reach its destination within 1.7 minutes.
Synchronization via IRIG-B
IRIG-B is a protocol used only for time synchronization. A clock can provide local
time of the year in this format. The B in IRIG-B states that 100 bits per second
are transmitted, and the message is sent every second. After IRIG-B there numbers
stating if and how the signal is modulated and the information transmitted.
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Basic IED functions
To receive IRIG-B there are two connectors in the IRIG-B module, one galvanic
BNC connector and one optical ST connector. IRIG-B 12x messages can be
supplied via the galvanic interface, and IRIG-B 00x messages can be supplied via
either the galvanic interface or the optical interface, where x (in 00x or 12x) means
a number in the range of 1-7.
00 means that a base band is used, and the information can be fed into the IRIGB module via the BNC contact or an optical fiber. 12 means that a 1 kHz
modulation is used. In this case the information must go into the module via the
BNC connector.
If the x in 00x or 12x is 4, 5, 6 or 7, the time message from IRIG-B contains
information of the year. If x is 0, 1, 2 or 3, the information contains only the time
within the year, and year information has to come from PCM600 or local HMI.
The IRIG-B module also takes care of IEEE1344 messages that are sent by IRIG-B
clocks, as IRIG-B previously did not have any year information. IEEE1344 is
compatible with IRIG-B and contains year information and information of the timezone.
It is recommended to use IEEE 1344 for supplying time information to the IRIG-B
module. In this case, send also the local time in the messages, as this local time
plus the TZ Offset supplied in the message equals UTC at all times.
4.3.2.4
4.3.3
Function block
TIMEERR
TSYNCERR
RTCERR
IEC05000425-2-en.vsd
IEC05000425 V2 EN
Figure 30:
4.3.4
Output signals
Table 20:
Name
Description
TSYNCERR
BOOLEAN
RTCERR
BOOLEAN
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Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
4.3.5
Setting parameters
Path in the local HMI is located under Main menu/Setting/Time
Path in PCM600 is located under Main menu/Settings/Time/Synchronization
Table 21:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
CoarseSyncSrc
Off
SPA
LON
SNTP
DNP
Off
FineSyncSource
Off
SPA
LON
BIN
GPS
GPS+SPA
GPS+LON
GPS+BIN
SNTP
GPS+SNTP
IRIG-B
GPS+IRIG-B
PPS
Off
SyncMaster
Off
SNTP-Server
Off
TimeAdjustRate
Slow
Fast
Fast
HWSyncSrc
Off
GPS
IRIG-B
PPS
Off
AppSynch
NoSynch
Synch
NoSynch
SyncAccLevel
Class T5 (1us)
Class T4 (4us)
Unspecified
Unspecified
Table 22:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
ModulePosition
3 - 16
BinaryInput
1 - 16
BinDetection
PositiveEdge
NegativeEdge
PositiveEdge
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Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
Table 23:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
ServerIP-Add
0 - 18
IP
Address
0.0.0.0
Server IP-address
RedServIP-Add
0 - 18
IP
Address
0.0.0.0
Table 24:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
MonthInYear
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
March
DayInWeek
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
WeekInMonth
Last
First
Second
Third
Fourth
Last
UTCTimeOfDay
0 - 172800
3600
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Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
Table 25:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
MonthInYear
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
October
DayInWeek
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
WeekInMonth
Last
First
Second
Third
Fourth
Last
UTCTimeOfDay
0 - 172800
3600
Table 26:
Name
Values (Range)
NoHalfHourUTC
Table 27:
-24 - 24
Unit
-
Step
1
Default
0
Description
Number of half-hours from UTC
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
SynchType
BNC
Opto
Opto
Type of synchronization
TimeDomain
LocalTime
UTC
LocalTime
Time domain
Encoding
IRIG-B
1344
1344TZ
IRIG-B
Type of encoding
TimeZoneAs1344
MinusTZ
PlusTZ
PlusTZ
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Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
4.3.6
Technical data
Table 28:
Function
Value
1 ms
1.0 ms typically
1.0 ms typically
4.4
4.4.1
Introduction
Use the six sets of settings to optimize the IED operation for different system
conditions. Creating and switching between fine-tuned setting sets, either from the
local HMI or configurable binary inputs, results in a highly adaptable IED that can
cope with a variety of system scenarios.
4.4.2
Principle of operation
Parameter setting groups ActiveGroup function has six functional inputs, each
corresponding to one of the setting groups stored in the IED. Activation of any of
these inputs changes the active setting group. Seven functional output signals are
available for configuration purposes, so that up to date information on the active
setting group is always available.
A setting group is selected by using the local HMI, from a front connected personal
computer, remotely from the station control or station monitoring system or by
activating the corresponding input to the ActiveGroup function block.
Each input of the function block can be configured to connect to any of the binary
inputs in the IED. To do this PCM600 must be used.
The external control signals are used for activating a suitable setting group when
adaptive functionality is necessary. Input signals that should activate setting groups
must be either permanent or a pulse exceeding 400 ms.
More than one input may be activated at the same time. In such cases the lower
order setting group has priority. This means that if for example both group four and
group two are set to activate, group two will be the one activated.
Every time the active group is changed, the output signal SETCHGD is sending a
pulse.
The parameter MAXSETGR defines the maximum number of setting groups in use
to switch between.
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Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
ACTIVATE GROUP 6
ACTIVATE GROUP 5
ACTIVATE GROUP 4
ACTIVATE GROUP 3
ACTIVATE GROUP 2
ACTIVATE GROUP 1
+RL2
IOx-Bly1
IOx-Bly2
IOx-Bly3
IOx-Bly4
ActiveGroup
ACTGRP1
GRP1
ACTGRP2
GRP2
ACTGRP3
GRP3
ACTGRP4
GRP4
IOx-Bly5
ACTGRP5
GRP5
IOx-Bly6
ACTGRP6
GRP6
SETCHGD
en05000119.vsd
IEC05000119 V2 EN
Figure 31:
The above example also includes seven output signals, for confirmation of which
group that is active.
SETGRPS function block has an input where the number of setting groups used is
defined. Switching can only be done within that number of groups. The number of
setting groups selected to be used will be filtered so only the setting groups used
will be shown on the Parameter Setting Tool.
4.4.3
Function block
ActiveGroup
ACTGRP1
GRP1
ACTGRP2
GRP2
ACTGRP3
GRP3
ACTGRP4
GRP4
ACTGRP5
GRP5
ACTGRP6
GRP6
SETCHGD
IEC05000433_2_en.vsd
IEC05000433 V2 EN
Figure 32:
SETGRPS
MAXSETGR
IEC05000716_2_en.vsd
IEC05000716 V2 EN
Figure 33:
87
Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
4.4.4
Name
Type
BOOLEAN
ACTGRP2
BOOLEAN
ACTGRP3
BOOLEAN
ACTGRP4
BOOLEAN
ACTGRP5
BOOLEAN
ACTGRP6
BOOLEAN
Name
Table 31:
Name
t
Table 32:
Name
Description
ACTGRP1
Table 30:
4.4.5
Default
Type
Description
GRP1
BOOLEAN
GRP2
BOOLEAN
GRP3
BOOLEAN
GRP4
BOOLEAN
GRP5
BOOLEAN
GRP6
BOOLEAN
SETCHGD
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
ActiveGroup Non group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
0.0 - 10.0
Unit
Step
0.1
Default
1.0
Description
Pulse length of pulse when setting
changed
Unit
Step
Default
Description
ActiveSetGrp
SettingGroup1
SettingGroup2
SettingGroup3
SettingGroup4
SettingGroup5
SettingGroup6
SettingGroup1
ActiveSettingGroup
MAXSETGR
1-6
No
4.5
88
Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
4.5.1
Introduction
Change lock function (CHNGLCK) is used to block further changes to the IED
configuration and settings once the commissioning is complete. The purpose is to
block inadvertent IED configuration changes beyond a certain point in time.
4.5.2
Principle of operation
The Change lock function (CHNGLCK) is configured using ACT.
The function, when activated, will still allow the following changes of the IED
state that does not involve reconfiguring of the IED:
Monitoring
Reading events
Resetting events
Reading disturbance data
Clear disturbances
Reset LEDs
Reset counters and other runtime component states
Control operations
Set system time
Enter and exit from test mode
Change of active setting group
The binary input signal LOCK controlling the function is defined in ACT or SMT:
Binary input
4.5.3
Function
Activated
Deactivated
Function block
CHNGLCK
LOCK
IEC09000946-1-en.vsd
IEC09000946 V1 EN
Figure 34:
4.5.4
Default
0
Description
Parameter change lock
89
Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
4.5.5
Table 34:
Name
Operation
Setting parameters
CHNGLCK Non group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
LockHMI and Com
LockHMI,
EnableCom
EnableHMI,
LockCom
Unit
-
Step
-
Default
LockHMI and Com
4.6
4.6.1
Introduction
Description
Operation mode of change lock
4.6.2
Principle of operation
Put the IED into test mode to test functions in the IED. Set the IED in test mode by
While the IED is in test mode, the ACTIVE output of the function block
TESTMODE is activated. The other outputs of the function block TESTMODE
shows the generator of the Test mode: On state input from configuration
(OUTPUT output is activated) or setting from local HMI (SETTING output is
activated).
While the IED is in test mode, the yellow START LED will flash and all functions
are blocked. Any function can be unblocked individually regarding functionality
and event signalling.
Most of the functions in the IED can individually be blocked by means of settings
from the local HMI. To enable these blockings the IED must be set in test mode
(output ACTIVE is activated), see example in figure 35. When leaving the test
90
Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
mode, that is entering normal mode, these blockings are disabled and everything is
set to normal operation. All testing will be done with actually set and configured
values within the IED. No settings will be changed, thus no mistakes are possible.
The blocked functions will still be blocked next time entering the test mode, if the
blockings were not reset.
The blocking of a function concerns all output signals from the actual function, so
no outputs will be activated.
When a binary input is used to set the IED in test mode and a
parameter, that requires restart of the application, is changed, the
IED will re-enter test mode and all functions will be blocked, also
functions that were unblocked before the change. During the reentering to test mode, all functions will be temporarily unblocked
for a short time, which might lead to unwanted operations. This is
only valid if the IED is put in TEST mode by a binary input, not by
local HMI.
The TESTMODE function block might be used to automatically block functions
when a test handle is inserted in a test switch. A contact in the test switch (RTXP24
contact 29-30) can supply a binary input which in turn is configured to the
TESTMODE function block.
Each of the protection functions includes the blocking from the TESTMODE
function block. A typical example from the undervoltage function is shown in
figure 35.
The functions can also be blocked from sending events over IEC 61850 station bus
to prevent filling station and SCADA databases with test events, for example
during a maintenance test.
91
Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
Disconnection
Normal voltage
U1<
U2<
tBlkUV1 <
t1,t1Min
IntBlkStVal1
tBlkUV2 <
t2,t2Min
IntBlkStVal2
Time
Block step 1
Block step 2
en05000466.vsd
IEC05000466 V1 EN
Figure 35:
4.6.3
Function block
TESTMODE
INPUT
ACTIVE
OUTPUT
SETTING
NOEVENT
IEC09000219-1.vsd
IEC09000219 V1 EN
Figure 36:
4.6.4
Default
0
Description
Sets terminal in test mode when active
92
Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
Table 36:
Name
4.6.5
Table 37:
Type
Description
ACTIVE
BOOLEAN
OUTPUT
BOOLEAN
SETTING
BOOLEAN
NOEVENT
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
TESTMODE Non group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
TestMode
Off
On
Off
EventDisable
Off
On
Off
CmdTestBit
Off
On
Off
4.7
IED identifiers
4.7.1
Introduction
IED identifiers (TERMINALID) function allows the user to identify the individual
IED in the system, not only in the substation, but in a whole region or a country.
Use only characters A-Z, a-z and 0-9 in station, object and unit names.
4.7.2
Table 38:
Setting parameters
TERMINALID Non group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
StationName
0 - 18
Station name
Station name
StationNumber
0 - 99999
Station number
ObjectName
0 - 18
Object name
Object name
ObjectNumber
0 - 99999
Object number
UnitName
0 - 18
Unit name
Unit name
UnitNumber
0 - 99999
Unit number
93
Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
4.8
Product information
4.8.1
Introduction
The Product identifiers function identifies the IED. The function has seven pre-set,
settings that are unchangeable but nevertheless very important:
IEDProdType
ProductDef
FirmwareVer
SerialNo
OrderingNo
ProductionDate
The settings are visible on the local HMI , under Main menu/Diagnostics/IED
status/Product identifiers
They are very helpful in case of support process (such as repair or maintenance).
4.8.2
Setting parameters
The function does not have any parameters available in the local HMI or PCM600.
4.8.3
IEDProdType
ProductDef
FirmwareVer
Describes the type of the IED (like REL, REC or RET). Example: REL670
IEDMainFunType
94
Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
SerialNo
OrderingNo
ProductionDate
4.9
4.9.1
Introduction
The Signal matrix for binary inputs (SMBI) function is used within the Application
Configuration Tool (ACT) in direct relation with the Signal Matrix Tool (SMT),
see the application manual to get information about how binary inputs are brought
in for one IED configuration.
4.9.2
Principle of operation
The Signal matrix for binary inputs (SMBI) function , see figure 37, receives its
inputs from the real (hardware) binary inputs via the Signal Matrix Tool (SMT),
and makes them available to the rest of the configuration via its outputs, BI1 to
BI10. The inputs and outputs, as well as the whole block, can be given a user
defined name. These names will be represented in SMT as information which
signals shall be connected between physical IO and SMBI function. The input/
output user defined name will also appear on the respective output/input signal.
4.9.3
Function block
SMBI
^VIN1
^VIN2
^VIN3
^VIN4
^VIN5
^VIN6
^VIN7
^VIN8
^VIN9
^VIN10
^BI1
^BI2
^BI3
^BI4
^BI5
^BI6
^BI7
^BI8
^BI9
^BI10
IEC05000434-2-en.vsd
IEC05000434 V2 EN
Figure 37:
95
Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
4.9.4
Name
Type
Default
Description
VIn1
BOOLEAN
VIn2
BOOLEAN
VIn3
BOOLEAN
VIn4
BOOLEAN
VIn5
BOOLEAN
VIn6
BOOLEAN
VIn7
BOOLEAN
VIn8
BOOLEAN
VIn9
BOOLEAN
VIn10
BOOLEAN
Table 40:
Name
Type
Description
BI1
BOOLEAN
Binary input 1
BI2
BOOLEAN
Binary input 2
BI3
BOOLEAN
Binary input 3
BI4
BOOLEAN
Binary input 4
BI5
BOOLEAN
Binary input 5
BI6
BOOLEAN
Binary input 6
BI7
BOOLEAN
Binary input 7
BI8
BOOLEAN
Binary input 8
BI9
BOOLEAN
Binary input 9
BI10
BOOLEAN
Binary input 10
4.10
4.10.1
Introduction
The Signal matrix for binary outputs (SMBO) function is used within the
Application Configuration Tool (ACT) in direct relation with the Signal Matrix
Tool (SMT), see the application manual to get information about how binary inputs
are sent from one IED configuration.
96
Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
4.10.2
Principle of operation
The Signal matrix for binary outputs (SMBO) function , see figure 38, receives
logical signal from the IED configuration, which is transferring to the real
(hardware) outputs, via the Signal Matrix Tool (SMT). The inputs in SMBO are
BO1 to BO10 and they, as well as the whole function block, can be tag-named. The
name tags will appear in SMT as information which signals shall be connected
between physical IO and the SMBO.
It is important that SMBO inputs are connected when SMBOs
are connected to physical outputs through the Signal Matrix
Tool. If SMBOs are connected (in SMT) but their inputs not, all
the physical outputs will be set by default. This might cause
malfunction of primary equipment and/or injury to personnel.
4.10.3
Function block
SMBO
BO1
BO2
BO3
BO4
BO5
BO6
BO7
BO8
BO9
BO10
^BO1
^BO2
^BO3
^BO4
^BO5
^BO6
^BO7
^BO8
^BO9
^BO10
IEC05000439-2-en.vsd
IEC05000439 V2 EN
Figure 38:
4.10.4
Default
Description
BO1
BOOLEAN
BO2
BOOLEAN
BO3
BOOLEAN
BO4
BOOLEAN
BO5
BOOLEAN
BO6
BOOLEAN
BO7
BOOLEAN
BO8
BOOLEAN
BO9
BOOLEAN
BO10
BOOLEAN
97
Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
4.11
4.11.1
Introduction
The Signal matrix for mA inputs (SMMI) function is used within the Application
Configuration Tool (ACT) in direct relation with the Signal Matrix Tool (SMT),
see the application manual to get information about how milliamp (mA) inputs are
brought in for one IED configuration.
4.11.2
Principle of operation
The Signal matrix for mA inputs (SMMI) function, see figure 39, receives its
inputs from the real (hardware) mA inputs via the Signal Matrix Tool (SMT), and
makes them available to the rest of the configuration via its analog outputs, named
AI1 to AI6. The inputs, as well as the whole block, can be tag-named. These tags
will be represented in SMT.
The outputs on SMMI are normally connected to the IEC61850 generic
communication I/O functions (MVGGIO) function for further use of the mA signals.
4.11.3
Function block
SMMI
^VIN1
^VIN2
^VIN3
^VIN4
^VIN5
^VIN6
AI1
AI2
AI3
AI4
AI5
AI6
IEC05000440-2-en.vsd
IEC05000440 V2 EN
Figure 39:
4.11.4
Default
Description
VIn1
REAL
VIn2
REAL
VIn3
REAL
VIn4
REAL
VIn5
REAL
VIn6
REAL
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Section 4
Basic IED functions
Table 43:
Name
Type
Description
AI1
REAL
AI2
REAL
AI3
REAL
AI4
REAL
AI5
REAL
AI6
REAL
4.12
4.12.1
Introduction
Signal matrix for analog inputs function SMAI (or the pre-processing function) is
used within PCM600 in direct relation with the Signal Matrix tool or the
Application Configuration tool. Signal Matrix tool represents the way analog
inputs are brought in for one IED configuration.
4.12.2
Principle of operation
Every Signal matrix for analog inputs function (SMAI) can receive four analog
signals (three phases and one neutral value), either voltage or current, see figure 41
and figure 42. SMAI outputs give information about every aspect of the 3ph analog
signals acquired (phase angle, RMS value, frequency and frequency derivates etc.
244 values in total). The BLOCK input will reset all outputs to 0.
The output signal AI1 to AI4 are direct output of the, in SMT, connected input to
GRPxL1, GRPxL2, GRPxL3 and GRPxN, x=1-12. AIN is always the neutral
current, calculated residual sum or the signal connected to GRPxN. Note that
function block will always calculate the residual sum of current/voltage if the input
is not connected in SMT. Applications with a few exceptions shall always be
connected to AI3P.
4.12.3
Frequency values
The frequency functions includes a functionality based on level of positive
sequence voltage, IntBlockLevel, to validate if the frequency measurement is valid
or not. If positive sequence voltage is lower than IntBlockLevel the function is
blocked. IntBlockLevel, is set in % of UBase/3
If SMAI setting ConnectionType is Ph-Ph at least two of the inputs GRPxL1,
GRPxL2 and GRPxL3 must be connected in order to calculate positive sequence
voltage. If SMAI setting ConnectionType is Ph-N, all three inputs GRPxL1,
99
Section 4
Basic IED functions
IEC10000060-1-en.vsd
IEC10000060 V1 EN
Figure 40:
Connection example
The outputs from the above configured SMAI block shall only be
used for Overfrequency protection (SAPTOF), Underfrequency
protection (SAPTUF) and Rate-of-change frequency protection
(SAPFRC) due to that all other information except frequency and
positive sequence voltage might be wrongly calculated.
4.12.4
Function block
SMAI1
BLOCK
DFTSPFC
^GRP1L1
^GRP1L2
^GRP1L3
^GRP1N
TYPE
SPFCOUT
AI3P
AI1
AI2
AI3
AI4
AIN
IEC05000705-2-en.vsd
IEC05000705 V2 EN
Figure 41:
100
Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
SMAI2
BLOCK
^GRP2L1
^GRP2L2
^GRP2L3
^GRP2N
TYPE
AI3P
AI1
AI2
AI3
AI4
AIN
IEC07000130-2-en.vsd
IEC07000130 V2 EN
Figure 42:
4.12.5
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block group 1
DFTSPFC
REAL
20.0
GRP1L1
STRING
GRP1L2
STRING
GRP1L3
STRING
GRP1N
STRING
Table 45:
Name
Description
SPFCOUT
REAL
AI3P
GROUP SIGNAL
AI1
GROUP SIGNAL
AI2
GROUP SIGNAL
AI3
GROUP SIGNAL
AI4
GROUP SIGNAL
AIN
GROUP SIGNAL
101
Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
Table 46:
Name
Type
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block group 2
GRP2L1
STRING
GRP2L2
STRING
GRP2L3
STRING
GRP2N
STRING
Table 47:
Name
4.12.6
Description
AI3P
GROUP SIGNAL
AI1
GROUP SIGNAL
AI2
GROUP SIGNAL
AI3
GROUP SIGNAL
AI4
GROUP SIGNAL
AIN
GROUP SIGNAL
Setting parameters
Settings DFTRefExtOut and DFTReference shall be set to default
value InternalDFTRef if no VT inputs are available. Internal
nominal frequency DFT reference is then the reference.
102
Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
Table 48:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
DFTRefExtOut
InternalDFTRef
AdDFTRefCh1
AdDFTRefCh2
AdDFTRefCh3
AdDFTRefCh4
AdDFTRefCh5
AdDFTRefCh6
AdDFTRefCh7
AdDFTRefCh8
AdDFTRefCh9
AdDFTRefCh10
AdDFTRefCh11
AdDFTRefCh12
External DFT ref
InternalDFTRef
DFTReference
InternalDFTRef
AdDFTRefCh1
AdDFTRefCh2
AdDFTRefCh3
AdDFTRefCh4
AdDFTRefCh5
AdDFTRefCh6
AdDFTRefCh7
AdDFTRefCh8
AdDFTRefCh9
AdDFTRefCh10
AdDFTRefCh11
AdDFTRefCh12
External DFT ref
InternalDFTRef
DFT reference
ConnectionType
Ph-N
Ph-Ph
Ph-N
TYPE
1-2
Ch
1=Voltage, 2=Current
Table 49:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Negation
Off
NegateN
Negate3Ph
Negate3Ph+N
Off
Negation
MinValFreqMeas
5 - 200
10
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
Base voltage
103
Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
Table 50:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
DFTReference
InternalDFTRef
AdDFTRefCh1
AdDFTRefCh2
AdDFTRefCh3
AdDFTRefCh4
AdDFTRefCh5
AdDFTRefCh6
AdDFTRefCh7
AdDFTRefCh8
AdDFTRefCh9
AdDFTRefCh10
AdDFTRefCh11
AdDFTRefCh12
External DFT ref
InternalDFTRef
DFT reference
ConnectionType
Ph-N
Ph-Ph
Ph-N
TYPE
1-2
Ch
1=Voltage, 2=Current
Table 51:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Negation
Off
NegateN
Negate3Ph
Negate3Ph+N
Off
Negation
MinValFreqMeas
5 - 200
10
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
Base voltage
4.13
4.13.1
Introduction
Summation block 3 phase function 3PHSUM is used to get the sum of two sets of
three-phase analog signals (of the same type) for those IED functions that might
need it.
4.13.2
Principle of operation
Summation block 3 phase 3PHSUM receives the three-phase signals from Signal
matrix for analog inputs function (SMAI). In the same way, the BLOCK input will
reset all the outputs of the function to 0.
104
Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
4.13.3
Function block
3PHSUM
BLOCK
DFTSPFC
G1AI3P*
G2AI3P*
AI3P
AI1
AI2
AI3
AI4
IEC05000441-2-en.vsd
IEC05000441 V2 EN
Figure 43:
4.13.4
Name
Type
Description
BOOLEAN
Block
DFTSPFC
REAL
G1AI3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
G2AI3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
Table 53:
Name
4.13.5
Default
BLOCK
Type
Description
AI3P
GROUP SIGNAL
AI1
GROUP SIGNAL
AI2
GROUP SIGNAL
AI3
GROUP SIGNAL
AI4
GROUP SIGNAL
Setting parameters
Settings DFTRefExtOut and DFTReference shall be set to default
value InternalDFTRef if no VT inputs are available.
Table 54:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
SummationType
Group1+Group2
Group1-Group2
Group2-Group1
-(Group1+Group2)
Group1+Group2
Summation type
DFTReference
InternalDFTRef
AdDFTRefCh1
External DFT ref
InternalDFTRef
DFT reference
105
Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
Table 55:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
FreqMeasMinVal
5 - 200
10
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
Base voltage
4.14
4.14.1
Introduction
Authority status (ATHSTAT) function is an indication function block for user logon activity.
4.14.2
Principle of operation
Authority status (ATHSTAT) function informs about two events related to the IED
and the user authorization:
the fact that at least one user has tried to log on wrongly into the IED and it
was blocked (the output USRBLKED)
the fact that at least one user is logged on (the output LOGGEDON)
Whenever one of the two events occurs, the corresponding output (USRBLKED or
LOGGEDON) is activated. The output can for example, be connected on Event
(EVENT) function block for LON/SPA.The signals are also available on IEC
61850 station bus.
4.14.3
Function block
ATHSTAT
USRBLKED
LOGGEDON
IEC06000503-2-en.vsd
IEC06000503 V2 EN
Figure 44:
4.14.4
Output signals
Table 56:
Name
Description
USRBLKED
BOOLEAN
LOGGEDON
BOOLEAN
106
Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
4.14.5
Setting parameters
The function does not have any parameters available in the local HMI or PCM600.
4.15
4.15.1
Introduction
The Denial of service functions (DOSFRNT, DOSOEMAB and DOSOEMCD) are
designed to limit overload on the IED produced by heavy Ethernet network traffic.
The communication facilities must not be allowed to compromise the primary
functionality of the device. All inbound network traffic will be quota controlled so
that too heavy network loads can be controlled. Heavy network load might for
instance be the result of malfunctioning equipment connected to the network.
4.15.2
Principle of operation
The Denial of service functions (DOSFRNT, DOSOEMAB and DOSOEMCD)
measures the IED load from communication and, if necessary, limit it for not
jeopardizing the IEDs control and protection functionality due to high CPU load.
The function has the following outputs:
4.15.3
Function blocks
DOSFRNT
LINKUP
WARNING
ALARM
IEC09000749-1-en.vsd
IEC09000749 V1 EN
Figure 45:
DOSOEMAB
LINKUP
WARNING
ALARM
IEC09000750-1-en.vsd
IEC09000750 V1 EN
Figure 46:
107
Technical reference manual
Section 4
Basic IED functions
DOSOEMCD
LINKUP
WARNING
ALARM
IEC09000751-1-en.vsd
IEC09000751 V1 EN
Figure 47:
4.15.4
Signals
Table 57:
Name
Description
LINKUP
BOOLEAN
WARNING
BOOLEAN
ALARM
BOOLEAN
Table 58:
Name
Description
LINKUP
BOOLEAN
WARNING
BOOLEAN
ALARM
BOOLEAN
Table 59:
Name
4.15.5
Description
LINKUP
BOOLEAN
WARNING
BOOLEAN
ALARM
BOOLEAN
Settings
The function does not have any parameters available in the local HMI or PCM600.
108
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
Section 5
Differential protection
5.1
IEC 61850
identification
L3CPDIF
IEC 60617
identification
3Id/I>
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
87L
SYMBOL-HH V1 EN
L6CPDIF
3Id/I>
87L
SYMBOL-HH V1 EN
LT3CPDIF
3Id/I>
87LT
SYMBOL-HH V1 EN
LT6CPDIF
LDLPDIF
3Id/I>
87LT
SYMBOL-HH V1 EN
87L
5.1.1
Introduction
5.1.1.1
Section 5
Differential protection
power lines, power transformers and cables. It offers phase-segregated true current
differential protection with high sensitivity and provides phase selection
information for single-pole tripping.
The three terminal version is used for conventional two-terminal lines with or
without 1 1/2 circuit breaker arrangement in one end, as well as three terminal lines
with single breaker arrangements at all terminals.
Protected zone
Comm. Channel
IED
IED
IEC05000039_2_en.vsd
IEC05000039 V2 EN
Figure 48:
The six terminal versions are used for conventional two-terminal lines with 1 1/2
circuit breaker arrangements in both ends, as well as multi terminal lines with up to
five terminals.
Protected zone
Comm. Channel
IED
IED
Comm. Channel
Comm. Channel
IED
IEC05000040_2_en.vsd
IEC05000040 V2 EN
Figure 49:
The current differential algorithm provides high sensitivity for internal faults, at the
same time as it has excellent stability for external faults. Current samples from all
CTs are exchanged between the IEDs in the line ends (master-master mode) or sent
to one IED (master-slave mode) for evaluation.
A restrained dual biased slope evaluation is made where the bias current is the
highest phase current in any line end giving a secure through fault stability even
with heavily saturated CTs. In addition to the restrained evaluation, an unrestrained
high differential current setting can be used for fast tripping of internal faults with
very high currents.
A special feature with this function is that applications with small power
transformers (rated current less than 50 % of the differential current setting)
connected as line taps (that is, as "shunt" power transformers), without
measurements of currents in the tap, can be handled. The normal load current is
110
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
here considered to be negligible, and special measures need only to be taken in the
event of a short circuit on the LV side of the transformer. In this application, the
tripping of the differential protection can be time delayed for low differential
currents to achieve coordination with down stream over current IEDs.
A line charging current compensation provides increased sensitivity of Line
differential protection.
5.1.1.2
Comm. Channel
IED
Comm. Channel
IED
Comm. Channel
IED
IEC05000042_2_en.vsd
IEC05000042 V2 EN
Figure 50:
5.1.1.3
111
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
Protected zone
IED
IED
Comm.
Channels
IED
IED
IED
IEC0500043_2_en.vsd
IEC05000043 V2 EN
Figure 51:
RED
670
RED
670
Comm.
Channels
RED
670
RED
670
RED
670
en05000044.vsd
IEC05000044 V1 EN
Figure 52:
Current samples from IEDs located geographically apart from each other, must be
time coordinated so that the current differential algorithm can be executed
correctly. In IED, it is possible to make this coordination in two different ways.
The echo method of time synchronizing is normally used whereas for applications
where transmit and receive times can differ, the optional built in GPS receivers can
be used.
The communication link is continuously monitored, and an automatic switchover
to a standby link is possible after a preset time.
5.1.2
Principle of operation
5.1.2.1
112
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
Remote end
Local end
LDCM
Analog Input
Module
A/D
Converter
LDCM
Current
samples from
local end
Current
samples from
remote end
Pre-processing
Block
Calculation of
CH1IL2RE
fundamental
frequency
differential
currents (3x)
& bias current
CH1IL2IM
Currents from
all ends as
phasors
Magnitudes of
differential
currents
Bias current
Start L2
St L1 low sens
St L2 low sens
St L3 low sens
CH1IL2SM
CH1IL3SM
CH2IL1SM
Curr. samples
from all ends
Calculation
of
instantaneous
differential
currents
(3x)
2nd h. block
[samples]
Instantaneous
differential
currents
(samples)
Harmonic
analysis
( 2nd and 5th)
Output logic:
Start L3
characteristics
CH1IL1SM
5th h. block
- 2nd
- 5th
-
CH1INSIM
CH1INSRE
CH1INSIM
Neg. seq.
currents from
all ends
as phasors
Two to six
contributions
to neg. seq.
differential
current as
phasors
High sensitive
internal/external fault
discriminator
- Decreased
sensitivity for
external faults
Internal fault
External fault
harmonic block
harmonic block
CH1INSRE
Calculation
of
negative-sequence
differential
current
(1x)
TRIP
Start L1
TRL1
TRL2
TRL3
TRIPRES
TRIPUNRE
TRIPENHA
START
STL1
STL2
STL3
BLK2H
BLK2HL1
BLK2HL2
BLK2HL3
Information
[magnitude]
CH1IL1RE
CH1IL1IM
Trip commands
BLK5H
BLK5HL1
BLK5HL2
BLK5HL3
INTFAULT
EXTFAULT
IEC05000294_2_en.vsd
IEC05000294 V2 EN
Figure 53:
The remote currents are received to the IED as samples via a communication link.
When entering the IED, they are processed in the Line Differential Communication
Module (LDCM) where they are time coordinated with the local current samples,
and interpolated in order to be comparable with the local samples.
113
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
In the Pre-Processing Block, the real and imaginary parts of the fundamental
frequency phase currents and negative sequence currents are derived. Together
with the current samples, they are then forwarded to the differential function block
where three different analyses are carried out.
The first analysis is the classical differential and bias current evaluation with the
characteristic as seen in figure 54. Line differential protection is phase segregated
where the differential current is the vectorial sum of all measured currents taken
separately for each phase. The bias current, on the other hand, is considered as the
greatest phase current in any line end and it is common for all three phases. The
two slopes (SlopeSection1, SlopeSection2) and breakpoints (EndSection1,
EndSection2) can be set in PCM600 or via the local HMI.
Current values plotted above the characteristic formed by IdMin and the dual slope
will give a start in that phase. The level IdMinHigh is a setting value that is used to
temporarily decrease the sensitivity in situations when:
There is also an unrestrained high differential current setting that can be used for
fast tripping of internal faults with very high currents.
114
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
Operate current
[ in pu of IBase]
Operate
unconditionally
UnrestrainedLimit
Operate
IdMinHigh
conditionally
A
2
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
SlopeSection3
1
IdMin
SlopeSection2
Restrain
0
0
EndSection1
EndSection2
Restrain current
[ in pu of IBase]
en05000300.vsd
IEC05000300 V1 EN
Figure 54:
where:
1.
IdMin
2.
EndSection1
3.
EndSection2
4.
5.
SlopeSection2
SlopeSection3
The second analysis is the 2nd and 5th harmonic analysis on the differential current.
Occurrence of these harmonics over a level that is set separately for each one will
block tripping action from the biased slope evaluation.
115
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
The third analysis is the negative sequence current analysis. Effectively this is a
fault discriminator that distinguishes between internal and external faults. It works
such that the phase angle of the negative sequence current from the local end is
compared with the phase angle of the sum of the negative sequence currents from
the remote ends. The characteristic for this fault discriminator is shown in
figure 55, where the directional characteristic is defined by the two setting
parameters IminNegSeq and NegSeqRoa.
90 deg
120 deg
If one or the
other of
currents is too
low, then no
measurement
is done, and
120 degrees
is mapped
Internal/external
fault boundary
NegSeqROA
(Relay
Operate
Angle)
180 deg
0 deg
IMinNegSeq
External
fault
region
Internal
fault
region
270 deg
en05000188-2-en.vsd
IEC05000188 V2 EN
Figure 55:
116
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
With reference to figure 53, the outputs from the three analysis blocks are fed to
the output logic. Figure 56 shows a simplified block diagram of this output logic
where only trip commands and no alarm signals are shown for simplicity.
Trip unrestrained L1
Trip unrestrained L2
OR
TRIP
Trip unrestrained L3
Start L1
AND
OR
Start L2
AND
TRL1
OR
Start L3
OR
AND
TRL2
AND
OR
OR
OR
AND
OR
St L1 IdMinHigh
OR
OR
St L2 IdMinHigh
TRL3
AND
St L3 IdMinHigh
Internal fault
AND
NegSeqDiffEn
tIdMinHigh
t
AND
External fault
OR
Line energizing
AND
OR
AND
OR
OR
OR
AND
th
OR
OR
OR
AND
CrossBlockEn
IEC05000295-2-en.vsd
IEC05000295 V2 EN
Figure 56:
Remembering that current values plotted above the characteristic formed by IdMin
and the dual slope in figure 55 are said to give a start, the output logic can be
summarized as follows:
A start in one phase, gives a trip under the condition that the content of 2nd and
5th harmonic is below the set level for these harmonics. Otherwise it is blocked
117
Section 5
Differential protection
as long as the harmonic is above the set level. However, when a line is
energized the current setting value IdMinHigh is used. Effectively this means
that the line A-B-C in figure 54 forms the characteristic.
Current values above the unrestrained limit gives a trip irrespective of any
presence of harmonics.
Classification of a fault as internal by the negative sequence fault
discriminator, will give a trip under the condition that a start has occurred in
that phase. This means that any harmonic blocking is then overridden.
However, occurrence of harmonics at the same time as the differential current
is below the level IdMinHigh, will block a trip even though the fault is
classified as internal. This latter condition is to prevent unwanted trips when
energizing a line tap transformer.
Classification of a fault as external by the negative sequence fault
discriminator will cause IdMinHigh to be used as the lower limit for the
restrained characteristic according to figure 54. Cross blocking will also be
activated in this situation.
5.1.2.2
Time synchronization
In a numerical line differential protection, current samples from protections located
geographically apart from each other, must be time coordinated so that the currents
118
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
from the different line ends can be compared without introducing irrelevant errors.
Accuracy requirements on this time coordination are extremely high.
As an example, an inaccuracy of 0.1 ms in a 50 Hz system gives a maximum
amplitude error approximately around 3% whilst an inaccuracy of 1 ms gives a
maximum amplitude error of approximately 31%. The corresponding figures for a
60 Hz system are 4% and 38% respectively.
In Line differential protection, the time coordination is made with the so-called
echo method, which can be complemented with GPS synchronization as an option.
Each IED has an accurate local clock with a very small time drift. This clock
makes time tagging of telegrams, and the echo method is then used to find out the
time difference between the clocks in two ends of a power line.
Referring to figure 57, it works such that the transmission time to send a message
from station B to station A (T1 T2) and receive a message from A to B (T3
T4) is measured. The time instances T2 and T3 are taken with the local clock
reference of station A, and the time instances T1 and T4 are taken with the local
clock reference of station B.
T2
A
B
T1
T3
T4
en05000293.vsd
IEC05000293 V1 EN
Figure 57:
Calculation of the delay time one-way Td and the time difference t between the
clocks in A and B is then possible to do with equation 2 and equation 3, which are
only valid under the condition that the send and receive times are equal.
Td =
(T2 - T1 ) + (T4 - T3 )
2
EQUATION1358 V1 EN
Dt =
(Equation 2)
(T1 + T4 ) - (T2 + T3 )
2
EQUATION1359 V1 EN
(Equation 3)
t is calculated every time a telegram is received, and the time difference is then
used to adjust and interpolate the current measurements from the remote end before
the current differential algorithm is executed.
119
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
5.1.2.3
For a two-terminal line, the current from the local CT needs to be communicated
over a 64 kbit/s channel to the remote line end, and the remote end current
communicated back on the same channel. If there is, for example, a three terminal
line another 64 kbit/s channel will be needed to exchange the same local current
with the third line end current.
In one-and-a-half breaker arrangements, there are two local currents meaning two
64 kbit/s channels to each remote substation. Alternatively, it is possible to add
together the two local currents before sending them and in that way reduce the
number of communication channels needed. This is achieved by selecting proper
setting for parameter TransmCurr (CT-SUM, CT-DIFF1 or CT-DIFF2). However,
information about bias currents is reduced if the alternative option is followed. For
further information and discussions on this matter, refer to the Application manual.
The communication can be arranged as a master-master system or a master-slave
system alternatively. Figure 58 shows a master-master system for a five-terminal
line. Here current samples are exchanged between all IEDs, and an evaluation is
120
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
made in each IED. This means that a 64 kbit/s communication channel is needed
between every IED included in the same line differential protection zone.
Protected zone
IED
IED
Comm. Channels
IED
IED
IED
IEC05000292_2_en.vsd
IEC05000292 V2 EN
Figure 58:
In the master-slave system, current samples are sent from all slave IEDs to one
master IED where the evaluation is made and trip signals are sent to the remote
ends when needed. In this system, a 64 kbit/s communication channel is only
needed between the master, and each one of the slave IEDs, as shown in figure 59.
Protected zone
IED
IED
Comm. Channels
IED
IED
IED
IEC05000291_2_en.vsd
IEC05000291 V2 EN
Figure 59:
Test mode
Line differential protection function in one IED can be set in test mode. This can
block the trip outputs on that IED, and set the remote IEDs in a remote test mode,
so that injected currents can be echoed back phase shifted and with a settable
amplitude. The trip outputs in the remote IEDs can also be blocked automatically.
For further information, refer to the installation and commissioning manual.
The currents are sampled twenty times per power system cycle in the protection
terminals, but the communication exchange is made only once every 5 ms. This
121
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
Current
sample
telegram
sent
Current
sample
telegram
sent
Current
sample
telegram
sent
Current
sample
telegram
sent
Current
sample
telegram
sent
Current
sample
telegram
sent
10
15
20
25
30
35
Current
sample
telegram
sent
Time
(ms)
en05000290.vsd
IEC05000290 V1 EN
Figure 60:
where:
x
With redundant communication channels, as shown in figure 61, both channels are
in operation continuously but with one of them favoured as a primary channel.
Telecom. Network
LD
CM
LD
CM
IEC05000289 V1 EN
Figure 61:
Telecom. Network
Primary
channel
Secondary redundant
channel
LD
CM
LD
CM
en05000289.vsd
Direct fibre optical connection between two IEDs with LDOM over
longer distances.
Section 5
Differential protection
5.1.2.4
Section 5
Differential protection
Once the open CT condition is declared, the algorithm stops to search for further
open CT circuits. It waits until the first open CT circuit has been corrected. Note
that once the open CT condition has been detected, it can be automatically reset
within the differential function. It is not possible to externally reset open CT
condition. To reset the open CT circuit alarm automatically, the following
conditions must be fulfilled:
After the reset, the open CT detection algorithm starts again to search for any other
open CT circuit within the protected zone.
5.1.2.5
124
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
5.1.2.6
5.1.3
Function block
L3CPDIF
I3P1*
I3P2*
I3P3*
TRIP
TRL1
TRL2
TRL3
TRIPRES
TRIPUNRE
TRIPENHA
START
STL1
STL2
STL3
BLK2H
BLK2HL1
BLK2HL2
BLK2HL3
BLK5H
BLK5HL1
BLK5HL2
BLK5HL3
ALARM
OPENCT
OPENCTAL
IDL1
IDL2
IDL3
IDL1MAG
IDL2MAG
IDL3MAG
IBIAS
IDNSMAG
IEC06000252-2-en.vsd
IEC06000252 V2 EN
Figure 62:
125
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
L6CPDIF
I3P1*
I3P2*
I3P3*
I3P4*
I3P5*
I3P6*
TRIP
TRL1
TRL2
TRL3
TRIPRES
TRIPUNRE
TRIPENHA
START
STL1
STL2
STL3
BLK2H
BLK2HL1
BLK2HL2
BLK2HL3
BLK5H
BLK5HL1
BLK5HL2
BLK5HL3
ALARM
OPENCT
OPENCTAL
IDL1
IDL2
IDL3
IDL1MAG
IDL2MAG
IDL3MAG
IBIAS
IDNSMAG
IEC06000253-2-en.vsd
IEC06000253 V2 EN
Figure 63:
LT3CPDIF
I3P1*
I3P2*
I3P3*
TRIP
TRL1
TRL2
TRL3
TRIPRES
TRIPUNRE
TRIPENHA
START
STL1
STL2
STL3
BLK2H
BLK2HL1
BLK2HL2
BLK2HL3
BLK5H
BLK5HL1
BLK5HL2
BLK5HL3
ALARM
OPENCT
OPENCTAL
IDL1
IDL2
IDL3
IDL1MAG
IDL2MAG
IDL3MAG
IBIAS
IDNSMAG
IEC06000254_2_en.vsd
IEC06000254 V2 EN
Figure 64:
126
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
LT6CPDIF
I3P1*
I3P2*
I3P3*
I3P4*
I3P5*
I3P6*
TRIP
TRL1
TRL2
TRL3
TRIPRES
TRIPUNRE
TRIPENHA
START
STL1
STL2
STL3
BLK2H
BLK2HL1
BLK2HL2
BLK2HL3
BLK5H
BLK5HL1
BLK5HL2
BLK5HL3
ALARM
OPENCT
OPENCTAL
IDL1
IDL2
IDL3
IDL1MAG
IDL2MAG
IDL3MAG
IBIAS
IDNSMAG
IEC06000255_2_en.vsd
IEC06000255 V2 EN
Figure 65:
CTFAIL
OUTSERV
BLOCK
TRIP
TRL1
TRL2
TRL3
TRLOCAL
TRLOCL1
TRLOCL2
TRLOCL3
TRREMOTE
DIFLBLKD
IEC05000394-2-en.vsd
IEC05000394 V3 EN
Figure 66:
5.1.4
Default
Description
I3P1
GROUP
SIGNAL
I3P2
GROUP
SIGNAL
I3P3
GROUP
SIGNAL
127
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
Table 61:
Name
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
TRL1
BOOLEAN
TRL2
BOOLEAN
TRL3
BOOLEAN
TRIPRES
BOOLEAN
TRIPUNRE
BOOLEAN
TRIPENHA
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
STL1
BOOLEAN
STL2
BOOLEAN
STL3
BOOLEAN
BLK2H
BOOLEAN
BLK2HL1
BOOLEAN
BLK2HL2
BOOLEAN
BLK2HL3
BOOLEAN
BLK5H
BOOLEAN
BLK5HL1
BOOLEAN
BLK5HL2
BOOLEAN
BLK5HL3
BOOLEAN
OPENCT
BOOLEAN
ALARM
BOOLEAN
OPENCTAL
BOOLEAN
IDL1
REAL
IDL2
REAL
IDL3
REAL
IDL1MAG
REAL
IDL2MAG
REAL
IDL3MAG
REAL
IBIAS
REAL
IDNSMAG
REAL
128
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
Table 62:
Name
Default
Description
I3P1
GROUP
SIGNAL
I3P2
GROUP
SIGNAL
I3P3
GROUP
SIGNAL
I3P4
GROUP
SIGNAL
I3P5
GROUP
SIGNAL
I3P6
GROUP
SIGNAL
Table 63:
Name
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
TRL1
BOOLEAN
TRL2
BOOLEAN
TRL3
BOOLEAN
TRIPRES
BOOLEAN
TRIPUNRE
BOOLEAN
TRIPENHA
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
STL1
BOOLEAN
STL2
BOOLEAN
STL3
BOOLEAN
BLK2H
BOOLEAN
BLK2HL1
BOOLEAN
BLK2HL2
BOOLEAN
BLK2HL3
BOOLEAN
BLK5H
BOOLEAN
BLK5HL1
BOOLEAN
BLK5HL2
BOOLEAN
BLK5HL3
BOOLEAN
OPENCT
BOOLEAN
ALARM
BOOLEAN
OPENCTAL
BOOLEAN
IDL1
REAL
IDL2
REAL
129
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
Name
Type
Description
IDL3
REAL
IDL1MAG
REAL
IDL2MAG
REAL
IDL3MAG
REAL
IBIAS
REAL
IDNSMAG
REAL
Table 64:
Name
Default
Description
I3P1
GROUP
SIGNAL
I3P2
GROUP
SIGNAL
I3P3
GROUP
SIGNAL
Table 65:
Name
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
TRL1
BOOLEAN
TRL2
BOOLEAN
TRL3
BOOLEAN
TRIPRES
BOOLEAN
TRIPUNRE
BOOLEAN
TRIPENHA
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
STL1
BOOLEAN
STL2
BOOLEAN
STL3
BOOLEAN
BLK2H
BOOLEAN
BLK2HL1
BOOLEAN
BLK2HL2
BOOLEAN
BLK2HL3
BOOLEAN
BLK5H
BOOLEAN
BLK5HL1
BOOLEAN
BLK5HL2
BOOLEAN
130
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
Name
Type
Description
BLK5HL3
BOOLEAN
OPENCT
BOOLEAN
ALARM
BOOLEAN
OPENCTAL
BOOLEAN
IDL1
REAL
IDL2
REAL
IDL3
REAL
IDL1MAG
REAL
IDL2MAG
REAL
IDL3MAG
REAL
IBIAS
REAL
IDNSMAG
REAL
Table 66:
Name
Default
Description
I3P1
GROUP
SIGNAL
I3P2
GROUP
SIGNAL
I3P3
GROUP
SIGNAL
I3P4
GROUP
SIGNAL
I3P5
GROUP
SIGNAL
I3P6
GROUP
SIGNAL
Table 67:
Name
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
TRL1
BOOLEAN
TRL2
BOOLEAN
TRL3
BOOLEAN
TRIPRES
BOOLEAN
TRIPUNRE
BOOLEAN
TRIPENHA
BOOLEAN
Section 5
Differential protection
Name
Type
Description
START
BOOLEAN
STL1
BOOLEAN
STL2
BOOLEAN
STL3
BOOLEAN
BLK2H
BOOLEAN
BLK2HL1
BOOLEAN
BLK2HL2
BOOLEAN
BLK2HL3
BOOLEAN
BLK5H
BOOLEAN
BLK5HL1
BOOLEAN
BLK5HL2
BOOLEAN
BLK5HL3
BOOLEAN
OPENCT
BOOLEAN
ALARM
BOOLEAN
OPENCTAL
BOOLEAN
IDL1
REAL
IDL2
REAL
IDL3
REAL
IDL1MAG
REAL
IDL2MAG
REAL
IDL3MAG
REAL
IBIAS
REAL
IDNSMAG
REAL
Table 68:
Name
Default
Description
CTFAIL
BOOLEAN
OUTSERV
BOOLEAN
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
Table 69:
Name
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
TRL1
BOOLEAN
TRL2
BOOLEAN
Section 5
Differential protection
Name
5.1.5
Table 70:
Type
Description
TRL3
BOOLEAN
TRLOCAL
BOOLEAN
TRLOCL1
BOOLEAN
TRLOCL2
BOOLEAN
TRLOCL3
BOOLEAN
TRREMOTE
BOOLEAN
DIFLBLKD
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
L3CPDIF Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
IdMin
0.20 - 2.00
IB
0.01
0.30
IdMinHigh
0.20 - 10.00
IB
0.01
0.80
tIdMinHigh
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
1.000
IdUnre
1.00 - 50.00
IB
0.01
10.00
NegSeqDiffEn
Off
On
On
NegSeqROA
30.0 - 120.0
Deg
1.0
60.0
IMinNegSeq
0.01 - 0.20
IB
0.01
0.04
CrossBlockEn
No
Yes
No
ChargCurEnable
Off
On
Off
AddDelay
Off
On
Off
IMaxAddDelay
0.20 - 5.00
IB
0.01
1.00
tDefTime
0.000 - 6.000
0.001
0.000
tMinInv
0.001 - 6.000
0.001
0.010
133
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
CurveType
0.05 - 1.10
0.01
1.00
IdiffAlarm
0.05 - 1.00
IB
0.01
0.15
tAlarmdelay
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
10.000
Table 71:
Name
Step
Default
EndSection1
Values (Range)
0.20 - 1.50
IB
0.01
1.25
Description
End of section 1, as multiple of reference
current IBase
EndSection2
1.00 - 10.00
IB
0.01
3.00
SlopeSection2
10.0 - 50.0
0.1
40.0
SlopeSection3
30.0 - 100.0
0.1
80.0
I2/I1Ratio
5.0 - 100.0
1.0
10.0
I5/I1Ratio
5.0 - 100.0
1.0
25.0
0.01 - 1000.00
0.01
0.02
0.01 - 1000.00
0.01
0.14
0.01 - 1000.00
0.01
1.00
0.01 - 1000.00
0.01
1.00
OpenCTEnable
Off
On
On
tOCTAlarmDelay
0.100 - 10.000
0.001
1.000
tOCTResetDelay
0.100 - 10.000
0.001
0.250
134
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
Table 72:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
NoOfTerminals
2
3
Chan2IsLocal
No
Yes
No
IBase
50.0 - 9999.9
0.1
3000.0
Table 73:
Step
Default
Name
Values (Range)
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
IdMin
0.20 - 2.00
IB
0.01
0.30
IdMinHigh
0.20 - 10.00
IB
0.01
0.80
tIdMinHigh
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
1.000
IdUnre
1.00 - 50.00
IB
0.01
10.00
NegSeqDiffEn
Off
On
On
NegSeqROA
30.0 - 120.0
Deg
1.0
60.0
IMinNegSeq
0.01 - 0.20
IB
0.01
0.04
CrossBlockEn
No
Yes
No
I2/I1Ratio
5.0 - 100.0
1.0
10.0
I5/I1Ratio
5.0 - 100.0
1.0
25.0
ChargCurEnable
Off
On
Off
AddDelay
Off
On
Off
IMaxAddDelay
0.20 - 5.00
IB
0.01
1.00
tDefTime
0.000 - 6.000
0.001
0.000
tMinInv
0.001 - 6.000
0.001
0.010
135
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
CurveType
0.05 - 1.10
0.01
1.00
IdiffAlarm
0.05 - 1.00
IB
0.01
0.15
tAlarmdelay
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
10.000
Table 74:
Name
Step
Default
EndSection1
Values (Range)
0.20 - 1.50
IB
0.01
1.25
Description
End of section 1, as multiple of reference
current IBase
EndSection2
1.00 - 10.00
IB
0.01
3.00
SlopeSection2
10.0 - 50.0
0.1
40.0
SlopeSection3
30.0 - 100.0
0.1
80.0
0.01 - 1000.00
0.01
0.02
0.01 - 1000.00
0.01
0.14
0.01 - 1000.00
0.01
1.00
0.01 - 1000.00
0.01
1.00
OpenCTEnable
Off
On
On
tOCTAlarmDelay
0.100 - 10.000
0.001
1.000
tOCTResetDelay
0.100 - 10.000
0.001
0.250
136
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
Table 75:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
NoOfTerminals
2
3
4
5
6
Chan2IsLocal
No
Yes
No
IBase
50.0 - 9999.9
0.1
3000.0
Table 76:
Name
Values (Range)
Step
Default
Unit
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
IdMin
0.20 - 2.00
IB
0.01
0.30
IdMinHigh
0.20 - 10.00
IB
0.01
0.80
tIdMinHigh
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
1.000
IdUnre
1.00 - 50.00
IB
0.01
10.00
NegSeqDiffEn
Off
On
On
NegSeqROA
30.0 - 120.0
Deg
1.0
60.0
IMinNegSeq
0.01 - 0.20
IB
0.01
0.04
CrossBlockEn
No
Yes
No
ChargCurEnable
Off
On
Off
AddDelay
Off
On
Off
IMaxAddDelay
0.20 - 5.00
IB
0.01
1.00
tDefTime
0.000 - 6.000
0.001
0.000
tMinInv
0.001 - 6.000
0.001
0.010
137
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
CurveType
0.05 - 1.10
0.01
1.00
IdiffAlarm
0.05 - 1.00
IB
0.01
0.15
tAlarmdelay
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
10.000
Table 77:
Name
Step
Default
EndSection1
Values (Range)
0.20 - 1.50
IB
0.01
1.25
Description
End of section 1, as multiple of reference
current IBase
EndSection2
1.00 - 10.00
IB
0.01
3.00
SlopeSection2
10.0 - 50.0
0.1
40.0
SlopeSection3
30.0 - 100.0
0.1
80.0
I2/I1Ratio
5.0 - 100.0
1.0
10.0
I5/I1Ratio
5.0 - 100.0
1.0
25.0
0.01 - 1000.00
0.01
0.02
0.01 - 1000.00
0.01
0.14
0.01 - 1000.00
0.01
1.00
0.01 - 1000.00
0.01
1.00
OpenCTEnable
Off
On
On
tOCTAlarmDelay
0.100 - 10.000
0.001
1.000
tOCTResetDelay
0.100 - 10.000
0.001
0.250
138
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
Table 78:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
NoOfTerminals
2
3
Chan2IsLocal
No
Yes
No
IBase
50.0 - 9999.9
0.1
3000.0
ZerSeqCurSubtr
Off
On
Off
TraAOnInpCh
No Transf A
1
2
3
No Transf A
RatVoltW1TraA
1.0 - 9999.9
kV
0.1
130.0
RatVoltW2TraA
1.0 - 9999.9
kV
0.1
130.0
ClockNumTransA
0 [0 deg]
1 [30 deg lag]
2 [60 deg lag]
3 [90 deg lag]
4 [120 deg lag]
5 [150 deg lag]
6 [180 deg lag]
7 [210 deg lag]
8 [240 deg lag]
9 [270 deg lag]
10 [300 deg lag]
11 [330 deg lag]
0 [0 deg]
ZerSeqPassTraA
No
Yes
No
TraBOnInpCh
No Transf B
1
2
3
No Transf B
RatVoltW1TraB
1.0 - 9999.9
kV
0.1
130.0
RatVoltW2TraB
1.0 - 9999.9
kV
0.1
130.0
ClockNumTransB
0 [0 deg]
1 [30 deg lag]
2 [60 deg lag]
3 [90 deg lag]
4 [120 deg lag]
5 [150 deg lag]
6 [180 deg lag]
7 [210 deg lag]
8 [240 deg lag]
9 [270 deg lag]
10 [300 deg lag]
11 [330 deg lag]
0 [0 deg]
ZerSeqPassTraB
No
Yes
No
139
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
Table 79:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
IdMin
0.20 - 2.00
IB
0.01
0.30
IdMinHigh
0.20 - 10.00
IB
0.01
0.80
tIdMinHigh
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
1.000
IdUnre
1.00 - 50.00
IB
0.01
10.00
NegSeqDiffEn
Off
On
On
NegSeqROA
30.0 - 120.0
Deg
1.0
60.0
IMinNegSeq
0.01 - 0.20
IB
0.01
0.04
CrossBlockEn
No
Yes
No
I2/I1Ratio
5.0 - 100.0
1.0
10.0
I5/I1Ratio
5.0 - 100.0
1.0
25.0
ChargCurEnable
Off
On
Off
AddDelay
Off
On
Off
IMaxAddDelay
0.20 - 5.00
IB
0.01
1.00
tDefTime
0.000 - 6.000
0.001
0.000
tMinInv
0.001 - 6.000
0.001
0.010
CurveType
140
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
Name
Step
Default
0.05 - 1.10
0.01
1.00
IdiffAlarm
0.05 - 1.00
IB
0.01
0.15
tAlarmdelay
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
10.000
Table 80:
Values (Range)
Unit
Description
Name
Unit
Step
Default
EndSection1
0.20 - 1.50
IB
0.01
1.25
EndSection2
1.00 - 10.00
IB
0.01
3.00
SlopeSection2
10.0 - 50.0
0.1
40.0
SlopeSection3
30.0 - 100.0
0.1
80.0
0.01 - 1000.00
0.01
0.02
0.01 - 1000.00
0.01
0.14
0.01 - 1000.00
0.01
1.00
0.01 - 1000.00
0.01
1.00
OpenCTEnable
Off
On
On
tOCTAlarmDelay
0.100 - 10.000
0.001
1.000
tOCTResetDelay
0.100 - 10.000
0.001
0.250
Table 81:
Values (Range)
Description
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
NoOfTerminals
2
3
4
5
6
Chan2IsLocal
No
Yes
No
IBase
50.0 - 9999.9
0.1
3000.0
ZerSeqCurSubtr
Off
On
Off
141
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
TraAOnInpCh
No Transf A
1
2
3
4
5
6
No Transf A
RatVoltW1TraA
1.0 - 9999.9
kV
0.1
130.0
RatVoltW2TraA
1.0 - 9999.9
kV
0.1
130.0
ClockNumTransA
0 [0 deg]
1 [30 deg lag]
2 [60 deg lag]
3 [90 deg lag]
4 [120 deg lag]
5 [150 deg lag]
6 [180 deg lag]
7 [210 deg lag]
8 [240 deg lag]
9 [270 deg lag]
10 [300 deg lag]
11 [330 deg lag]
0 [0 deg]
ZerSeqPassTraA
No
Yes
No
TraBOnInpCh
No Transf B
1
2
3
4
5
6
No Transf B
RatVoltW1TraB
1.0 - 9999.9
kV
0.1
130.0
RatVoltW2TraB
1.0 - 9999.9
kV
0.1
130.0
ClockNumTransB
0 [0 deg]
1 [30 deg lag]
2 [60 deg lag]
3 [90 deg lag]
4 [120 deg lag]
5 [150 deg lag]
6 [180 deg lag]
7 [210 deg lag]
8 [240 deg lag]
9 [270 deg lag]
10 [300 deg lag]
11 [330 deg lag]
0 [0 deg]
ZerSeqPassTraB
No
Yes
No
142
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
Table 82:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
On
Operation Off / On
testModeSet
Off
On
Off
ReleaseLocal
Block all
Release local
Block all
5.1.6
Technical data
Table 83:
Function
Range or value
Accuracy
(20-200)% of IBase
1.0% of Ir at I Ir
1.0% of I at I >I r
SlopeSection2
(10.0-50.0)%
SlopeSection3
(30.0-100.0)%
EndSection 1
(20150)% of IBase
EndSection 2
(1001000)% of IBase
(1005000)% of IBase
1.0% of Ir at I Ir
1.0% of I at I > Ir
(5.0100.0)% of fundamental
2.0% of Ir
(5.0100.0)% of fundamental
6.0% of Ir
19 curve types
Operate time
25 ms typically at 0 to 10 x Id
Reset time
15 ms typically at 10 to 0 x Id
2 ms typically at 0 to 10 x Id
On/Off
5.2
5.2.1
Identification
Function description
IEC 61850
identification
HZPDIF
IEC 60617
identification
Id
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
87
SYMBOL-CC V2 EN
143
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
5.2.2
Introduction
The 1Ph High impedance differential protection (HZPDIF) function can be used
when the involved CT cores have the same turns ratio and similar magnetizing
characteristics. It utilizes an external CT current summation by wiring, a series
resistor, and a voltage dependent resistor which are mounted externally connected
to the IED.
HZPDIF can be used to protect tee-feeders or busbars. Six single phase function
blocks are available to allow application for two three-phase zones busbar protection.
5.2.3
Principle of operation
The 1Ph High impedance differential protection (HZPDIF) function is based on
one current input with external stabilizing resistors and voltage dependent resistors.
Three functions can be used to provide a three phase differential protection
function. The stabilizing resistor value is calculated from the IED function
operating value UR calculated to achieve through fault stability. The supplied
stabilizing resistor has a link to allow setting of the correct resistance value .
See the application manual for operating voltage and sensitivity calculation.
5.2.3.1
Logic diagram
The logic diagram shows the operation principles for the 1Ph High impedance
differential protection function HZPDIF, see figure 67. It is a simple one step IED
function with an additional lower alarm level. By activating inputs, the HZPDIF
function can either be blocked completely, or only the trip output.
IEC05000301 V1 EN
Figure 67:
144
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
5.2.4
Function block
HZPDIF
ISI*
BLOCK
BLKTR
TRIP
ALARM
MEASVOLT
IEC05000363-2-en.vsd
IEC05000363 V2 EN
Figure 68:
5.2.5
Name
Type
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
BLKTR
BOOLEAN
Block of trip
Name
Table 86:
Description
GROUP
SIGNAL
Table 85:
5.2.6
Default
ISI
Type
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
Trip signal
ALARM
BOOLEAN
Alarm signal
MEASVOLT
REAL
Setting parameters
HZPDIF Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
U>Alarm
2 - 500
10
tAlarm
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
5.000
U>Trip
5 - 900
100
SeriesResistor
10 - 20000
ohm
250
145
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
5.2.7
Technical data
Table 87:
Function
5.3
Range or value
Operate voltage
(20-400) V
I=U/R
1.0% of Ir
Reset ratio
>95%
Maximum
continuous voltage
U>Trip2/series
Operate time
10 ms typically at 0 to 10 x Ud
Reset time
90 ms typically at 10 to 0 x Ud
2 ms typically at 0 to 10 x Ud
resistor 200 W
5.3.1
Accuracy
IEC 61850
identification
STSGGIO
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
11
Introduction
Additional security logic for differential protection (STSGGIO ) can help the
security of the protection especially when the communication system is in
abnormal status or for example when there is unspecified asymmetry in the
communication link. It helps to reduce the probability for mal-operation of the
protection. STSGGIO is more sensitive than the main protection logic to always
release operation for all faults detected by the differential function. STSGGIO
consists of four sub functions:
Phase-to-phase current variation takes the current samples as input and it calculates
the variation using the sampling value based algorithm. Phase-to-phase current
variation function is major one to fulfill the objectives of the startup element.
Zero sequence criterions takes the zero sequence current as input. It increases the
security of protection during the high impedance fault conditions.
146
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
Low voltage criterion takes the phase voltages and phase-to-phase voltages as
inputs. It increases the security of protection when the three-phase fault occurred
on the weak end side.
Low current criterion takes the phase currents as inputs and it increases the
dependability during the switch onto fault case of unloaded line.
The differential function can be allowed to trip as no load is fed through the line
and protection is not working correctly.
Features:
5.3.2
Principle of operation
Additional security logic for differential protection (STSGGIO) takes the current
samples, current RMS values, phase voltage values, phase-to-phase voltage values,
zero sequence current and remote side startup signals as inputs.
Startup signal becomes activated when any one of the current variation startup
signal, zero sequence current startup signal, voltage startup signal, and current
startup signal is activated.
Phase-to-phase current variation takes current samples and generates the startup
signal by comparing with the start value.
If the zero sequence current value is greater than the start value of zero sequence
current then the zero sequence current startup signal will be activated.
Voltage startup signal becomes activated when the any of phase voltage and line
voltage is less than the voltage start value and the remote startup signal has to be
activated.
Current startup signal becomes activated when the current value in all phases is
less than current start value.
Phase-to-phase current variation
Phase-to-phase current variation one is main startup element. It covers most of the
abnormal status of the system. The phase-to-phase current variation fails in high
impedance faults, three-phase fault on weak side and switch onto fault on unloaded
line because of low sensitivity in these cases.
147
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
Phase-to-phase current variation takes the current samples as input and the signal is
evaluated using the sampling value based algorithm.
The phase-to-phase current variation criterion is shown below:
Where:
IZD
setting of fixed threshold, which corresponds to setting ICV>. The default value for
the setting is 0.2IBase, where IBase is the base current.
IT
float threshold
1 2T -1
DIT = | DiFF (t - n) |
T n =T
EQUATION2256 V1 EN
Where:
T
Di (k ) = [i ( k ) - i (k - N )] - [i (k - N ) - i (k - 2 N )]
= i ( k ) - 2i ( k - N ) + i (k - 2 N )
EQUATION2257 V1 EN
148
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
tCV
STCVL1L2
t
I3P
cont
tCV
Current variation
subfunction
STCVL2L3
tCV
STCVL3L1
OR
STCV
cont
IEC10000295-1-en.vsd
IEC10000295 V1 EN
Figure 69:
tCV is the time setting for the change of current criterion. Phase current samples
are included in input signal I3P.
Zero sequence current criterion
Zero sequence criterion is mainly for detection of remote IED high resistance faults
or some gradual faults. The criterion takes the zero sequence current as input. Zero
sequence current is compared with I3I0> for the t3I0 time to generate the zero
sequence current startup signal.
I3P
a
b
I3IO>
BLK3I0
BLOCK
a>b
AND
t3I0
t
ST3I0
OR
IEC09000778-2-en.vsd
IEC09000778 V2 EN
Figure 70:
Here I3I0> is the setting of the maximum possible non-faulted zero sequence
current for the protected line. The default value for this setting is 0.1 IBase where
IBase is the rated current of the CT.
t3I0 is the time setting for the zero sequence current criterion.
The zero sequence current criterion can be blocked by activating the BLK3I0 input
signal.
Low voltage criterion
149
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
Low voltage criterion is mainly for detection of the three phase faults occurring on
weak side with pre fault no load condition. The low voltage criterion takes the
voltage phase values, voltage phase-to-phase values and remote startup signals as
inputs. The logic for low voltage criterion is shown below:
U3P (UPhN)
UPhN<
U3P (UPhPh)
UPhPh<
a<b
OR
a<b
tUV
REMSTUP (Recived)
AND
STUV
BLKUV
OR
BLOCK
IEC09000779-2-en.vsd
IEC09000779 V2 EN
Figure 71:
Voltage phase value is compared with the start value of voltage phase and voltage
phase-to-phase value is compared with the start value of voltage phase-to-phase. If
any of the phase voltage and phase-to-phase voltages is below the set voltage levels
for some time duration (tUV) then the low voltage START signal becomes
activated after receiving the remote startup signal. Low voltage criterion can be
blocked by activating BLKUV input signal.
If there are more than one remote IED, all the startup signals of the remote ends are
logically OR to obtain the REMSTUP signal from the remote side as input.
Low current criterion
The current in each phase is compared to the set current level. If all currents are
below setting IUC<, the STUC output is activated after the set delay tUC.
I3P
IUC<
BLKUC
BLOCK
a<b
tUC
AND
STUC
OR
IEC09000780-2-en.vsd
IEC09000780 V2 EN
Figure 72:
150
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
The configuration for the additional security logic for differential protection is
shown in fig 73. The function will release tripping of the line differential protection
up to the end of timer tStUpReset.
Phase-phase
current variation
STCV
Zero sequence
current criterion
ST3IO
I0 >
tStUpReset
t
Low voltage
criterion
STUV
Low current
criterion
STUC
START
OR
ULOW <
I0 <
REMSTUP
IEC10000296-2-en.vsd
IEC10000296 V2 EN
Figure 73:
5.3.3
Function block
STSGGIO
I3P*
U3P*
BLOCK
BLKCV
BLKUC
BLK3I0
BLKUV
REMSTUP
START
STCVL1L2
STCVL2L3
STCVL3L1
STUC
ST3I0
STUV
IEC09000781-1-en.vsd
IEC09000781 V1 EN
Figure 74:
5.3.4
Default
Description
I3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
BLKCV
BOOLEAN
BLKUC
BOOLEAN
151
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
Name
Type
Description
BOOLEAN
BLKUV
BOOLEAN
REMSTUP
BOOLEAN
Table 89:
Name
5.3.5
Default
BLK3I0
Type
Description
START
BOOLEAN
STCVL1L2
BOOLEAN
STCVL2L3
BOOLEAN
STCVL3L1
BOOLEAN
STUC
BOOLEAN
ST3I0
BOOLEAN
STUV
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
Table 90:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off/On
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400
tStUpReset
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
7.000
OperationCV
Off
On
On
ICV>
1 - 100
%IB
20
OperationUC
Off
On
On
IUC<
0 - 100
%IB
Operation3I0
Off
On
On
I3I0>
1 - 100
%IB
10
OperationUV
Off
On
On
UPhN<
1 - 100
%UB
60
UPhPh<
1 - 100
%UB
60
152
Technical reference manual
Section 5
Differential protection
Table 91:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
tCV
0.000 - 0.005
0.001
0.002
tUC
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.200
t3I0
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
tUV
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
HysAbsUV
0.0 - 100.0
%UB
0.1
0.5
5.3.6
Step
Default
Description
Technical data
Table 92:
STSGGIOtechnical data
Function
Range or value
Accuracy
(1-100)% of lBase
1,0% of Ir
(1-100)% of lBase
1,0% of Ir
(1-100)% of UBase
0,5% of Ur
(1-100)% of UBase
0,5% of Ur
Timers, general
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
20 ms typically
Transient overreach
< 2% at = 100 ms
153
Technical reference manual
154
Section 6
Impedance protection
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.1
6.1.1
Identification
Function description
Distance protection zone, quadrilateral
characteristic (zone 1)
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
ZMQPDIS
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
21
S00346 V1 EN
ZMQAPDIS
ZDRDIR
21
S00346 V1 EN
21D
Z<->
IEC09000167 V1 EN
6.1.2
Introduction
The line distance protection is a, up to five zone full scheme protection with three
fault loops for phase-to-phase faults and three fault loops for phase-to-earth faults
for each of the independent zones. Individual settings for each zone in resistive and
reactive reach gives flexibility for use as back-up protection for transformer
connected to overhead lines and cables of different types and lengths.
ZMQPDIS together with Phase selection with load encroachment FDPSPDIS has
functionality for load encroachment, which increases the possibility to detect high
resistive faults on heavily loaded lines, as shown in figure75.
155
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
X
Forward
operation
R
Reverse
operation
en05000034.vsd
IEC05000034 V1 EN
Figure 75:
The independent measurement of impedance for each fault loop together with a
sensitive and reliable built-in phase selection makes the function suitable in
applications with single-phase autoreclosing.
Built-in adaptive load compensation algorithm prevents overreaching of zone 1 at
load exporting end at phase-to-earth faults on heavily loaded power lines.
The distance protection zones can operate independently of each other in
directional (forward or reverse) or non-directional mode. This makes them suitable,
together with different communication schemes, for the protection of power lines
and cables in complex network configurations, such as parallel lines, multiterminal lines, and so on.
6.1.3
Principle of operation
6.1.3.1
156
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
L1-N
L2-N
L3-N
L1-L2
L2-L3
L3-L1
Zone 1
L1-N
L2-N
L3-N
L1-L2
L2-L3
L3-L1
Zone 2
L1-N
L2-N
L3-N
L1-L2
L2-L3
L3-L1
Zone 3
L1-N
L2-N
L3-N
L1-L2
L2-L3
L3-L1
Zone 4
L1-N
L2-N
L3-N
L1-L2
L2-L3
L3-L1
Zone 5
en05000458.vsd
IEC05000458 V1 EN
Figure 76:
The use of full scheme technique gives faster operation time compared to switched
schemes which mostly uses a start element to select correct voltages and current
depending on fault type. Each distance protection zone performs like one
independent distance protection IED with six measuring elements.
6.1.3.2
Impedance characteristic
The distance measuring zone includes six impedance measuring loops; three
intended for phase-to-earth faults, and three intended for phase-to-phase as well as,
three-phase faults.
The distance measuring zone will essentially operate according to the nondirectional impedance characteristics presented in figure 77 and figure 78. The phaseto-earth characteristic is illustrated with the full loop reach while the phase-tophase characteristic presents the per phase reach.
157
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
X (Ohm/loop)
R1PE+Rn
RFPE
RFPE
X1PE+Xn
jN
RFPE
Xn =
X0PE-X1PE
3
Rn =
R0PE-R1PE
3
jN
R (Ohm/loop)
RFPE
X1PE+Xn
RFPE
RFPE
en08000280-2-en.vsd
R1PE+Rn
IEC08000280 V1 EN
Figure 77:
158
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
RFPP
(Ohm/phase)
R1PP
RFPP
X 0 PE - X 1RVPE
XNRV =XX00PE
PG- 1RVPG
X3
1XRVPE
XNRV
=
XNRV =
33
X
0
PE
--1X
11FWPE
X
0
PE
X 0 PG X
XFWPE
FWPG
XNFW
XNFW
XNFW===
3 33
X1PP
R (Ohm/phase)
RFPP
RFPP
X1PP
RFPP
2
R1PP
RFPP
2
en07000062.vsd
IEC07000062 V2 EN
Figure 78:
The fault loop reach with respect to each fault type may also be presented as in
figure 79. Note in particular the difference in definition regarding the (fault)
resistive reach for phase-to-phase faults and three-phase faults.
159
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
UL1
IL1
R1 + j X1
Phase-to-earth
fault in phase L1
Phase-to-earth
element
RFPE
(Arc + tower
resistance)
0
Phase-to-phase
fault in phase
L1-L2
UL1
IN
(R0-R1)/3 +
j (X0-X1)/3 )
IL1
R1 + j X1
Phase-to-phase
element L1-L2
RFPP
IL2
(Arc resistance)
UL2
R1 + j X1
UL1
Three-phase
fault
IL1
R1 + j X1
0.5RFPP
R1 + j X1
0.5RFPP
Phase-to-phase
element L1-L3
IL3
UL3
IEC08000282-2-en.vsd
IEC08000282 V2 EN
Figure 79:
The R1 and jX1 in figure 79 represents the positive sequence impedance from the
measuring point to the fault location. The settings RFPE and RFPP are the
eventual fault resistances in the faulty place.
Regarding the illustration of three-phase fault in figure 79, there is of course fault
current flowing also in the third phase during a three-phase fault. The illustration
merely reflects the loop measurement, which is made phase-to-phase.
The zone can be set to operate in Non-directional, Forward or Reverse direction
through the setting OperationDir. The result from respective set value is illustrated
in figure 80. The impedance reach is symmetric, in the sense that it conforms for
forward and reverse direction. Therefore, all reach settings apply to both directions.
160
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Non-directional
Forward
Reverse
en05000182.vsd
IEC05000182 V1 EN
Figure 80:
6.1.3.3
6.1.3.4
Measuring principles
Fault loop equations use the complex values of voltage, current, and changes in the
current. Apparent impedances are calculated and compared with the set limits. The
161
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
EQUATION1222 V1 EN
Here U and I represent the corresponding voltage and current phasors in the
respective phase Ln (n = 1, 2, 3)
The earth return compensation applies in a conventional manner to phase-to-earth
faults (example for a phase L1 to earth fault) according to equation 5.
U L1
Z app = -----------------------------I L1 + I N KN
(Equation 5)
EQUATION1223 V1 EN
Where:
UL1, IL1 and IN
are the phase voltage, phase current and residual current present to the IED
KN is defined as:
KN =
Z0 - Z1
3 Z1
EQUATION 2105 V1 EN
Z 0 = R0 + jX 0
EQUATION2106 V1 EN
Z1 = R1 + jX 1
EQUATION2107 V1 EN
Where
R0
X0
R1
X1
Here IN is a phasor of the residual current in IED point. This results in the same
reach along the line for all types of faults.
The apparent impedance is considered as an impedance loop with resistance R and
reactance X.
162
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
The formula given in equation 5 is only valid for radial feeder application without
load. When load is considered in the case of single phase-to-earth fault,
conventional distance protection might overreach at exporting end and underreach
at importing end. The IED has an adaptive load compensation which increases the
security in such applications.
Measuring elements receive current and voltage information from the A/D
converter. The check sums are calculated and compared, and the information is
distributed into memory locations. For each of the six supervised fault loops,
sampled values of voltage (U), current (I), and changes in current between samples
(DI) are brought from the input memory and fed to a recursive Fourier filter.
The filter provides two orthogonal values for each input. These values are related
to the loop impedance according to equation 6,
X Di
U = R i + ------ ----w 0 Dt
EQUATION1224 V1 EN
(Equation 6)
(Equation 7)
X DIm ( I )
Im ( U ) = R Im ( I ) + ------ ----------------w0
Dt
EQUATION355 V1 EN
(Equation 8)
with
w0 = 2 p f 0
EQUATION356 V1 EN
(Equation 9)
where:
Re
Im
f0
The algorithm calculates Rmmeasured resistance from the equation for the real
value of the voltage and substitutes it in the equation for the imaginary part. The
equation for the Xm measured reactance can then be solved. The final result is
equal to:
163
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Im ( U ) DRe ( I ) Re ( U ) D Im ( I )
R m = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------DRe ( I ) Im ( I ) D Im ( I ) Re ( I )
(Equation 10)
EQUATION357 V1 EN
Re ( U ) Im ( I ) Im ( U ) Re ( I )
Xm = w 0 Dt ------------------------------------------------------------------------------DRe ( I ) Im ( I ) DIm ( I ) Re ( I )
(Equation 11)
EQUATION358 V1 EN
The calculated Rm and Xm values are updated each sample and compared with the
set zone reach. The adaptive tripping counter counts the number of permissive
tripping results. This effectively removes any influence of errors introduced by the
capacitive voltage transformers or by other factors.
The directional evaluations are performed simultaneously in both forward and
reverse directions, and in all six fault loops. Positive sequence voltage and a phase
locked positive sequence memory voltage are used as a reference. This ensures
unlimited directional sensitivity for faults close to the IED point.
6.1.3.5
< ArgNeg Re s
(Equation 12)
EQUATION725 V2 EN
For the L1-L2 element, the equation in forward direction is according to.
- ArgDir < arg
< ArgNeg Re s
(Equation 13)
EQUATION726 V2 EN
where:
ArgDir
is the setting for the lower boundary of the forward directional characteristic, by default
set to 15 (= -15 degrees) and
ArgNegRes is the setting for the upper boundary of the forward directional characteristic, by default
set to 115 degrees, see figure 81.
U1L1
U1L1M
IL1
U1L1L2
U1L1L2M
IL1L2
164
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
The setting of ArgDir and ArgNegRes is by default set to 15 (= -15) and 115
degrees respectively (as shown in figure 81). It should not be changed unless
system studies have shown the necessity.
ZDRDIR gives binary coded directional information per measuring loop on the
output STDIRCND.
STDIR=
STFWL1*1+STFWL2*2+STFWL3*4+STFWL1L2*8+
+STFWL2L3*16+STFWL3L1*32+STRVL1*64+STRVL2*128+
+STRVL3*256+STRVL1L2*512+STRVL2L3*1024+STRVL3L1*2048
ArgNegRes
ArgDir
en05000722.vsd
IEC05000722 V1 EN
Figure 81:
Section 6
Impedance protection
If the current is still above the set value of the minimum operating current
(between 10 and 30% of the set IED rated current IBase), the condition seals in.
6.1.3.6
If the current decreases below the minimum operating value, the memory
resets until the positive sequence voltage exceeds 10% of its rated value.
The design of the distance protection zones are presented for all measuring loops:
phase-to-earth as well as phase-to-phase.
Phase-to-earth related signals are designated by L1N, L2N and L3N. The phase-tophase signals are designated by L1L2, L2L3, and L3L1.
Fulfillment of two different measuring conditions is necessary to obtain the one
logical signal for each separate measuring loop:
Two types of function block, ZMQPDIS and ZMQAPDIS, are used in the IED.
ZMQPDIS is used for zone 1 and ZMQAPDIS for zone 2 - 5.
The STCND input signal represents a connection of six different integer values
from Phase selection with load encroachment, quadrilateral characteristic function
FDPSPDIS within the IED, which are converted within the zone measuring
function into corresponding boolean expressions for each condition separately.
Input signal STCND is connected to FDPSPDIS function output STCNDZ.
The input signal DIRCND is used to give condition for directionality for the
distance measuring zones. The signal contains binary coded information for both
forward and reverse direction. The zone measurement function filters out the
relevant signals depending on the setting of the parameter OperationDir. It must be
configured to the STDIR output on ZDRDIR function.
166
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
IEC99000557-TIFF V1 EN
Figure 82:
Composition of the phase start signals for a case, when the zone operates in a nondirectional mode, is presented in figure 83.
IEC00000488-TIFF V1 EN
Figure 83:
Section 6
Impedance protection
Results of the directional measurement enter the logic circuits, when the zone
operates in directional (forward or reverse) mode, as shown in figure 84.
STNDL1N
DIRL1N
AND
OR
STNDL2N
DIRL2N
AND
STNDL3N
OR
DIRL3N
AND
STNDL1L2
DIRL1L2
AND
STNDL2L3
DIRL2L3
AND
STNDL3L1
DIRL3L1
STZMPE.
AND
OR
OR
AND
15 ms
t
STL1
AND
15 ms
t
STL2
AND
15 ms
t
STL3
AND
OR
STZMPP
AND
BLK
OR
AND
15 ms
t
START
IEC09000888-1-en.vsd
IEC09000888 V1 EN
Figure 84:
Tripping conditions for the distance protection zone one are symbolically presented
in figure 85.
168
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Timer tPP=On
tPP
t
AND
STZMPP
OR
Timer tPE=On
AND
STZMPE
tPE
t
AND
OR
AND
15ms
TRIP
BLKTR
AND
STL1
AND
TRL1
STL2
AND
TRL2
STL3
AND
TRL3
en00000490.vsd
IEC09000887 V1 EN
Figure 85:
6.1.4
Function block
ZMQPDIS
I3P*
U3P*
BLOCK
VTSZ
BLKTR
STCND
DIRCND
TRIP
TRL1
TRL2
TRL3
START
STL1
STL2
STL3
STND
IEC06000256-2-en.vsd
IEC06000256 V2 EN
Figure 86:
169
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
ZMQAPDIS
I3P*
U3P*
BLOCK
VTSZ
BLKTR
STCND
DIRCND
TRIP
TRL1
TRL2
TRL3
START
STL1
STL2
STL3
STND
IEC09000884-1-en.vsd
IEC09000884 V1 EN
Figure 87:
I3P*
U3P*
STDIRCND
IEC10000007-1-en.vsd
IEC10000007 V1 EN
Figure 88:
6.1.5
Default
Description
I3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
VTSZ
BOOLEAN
BLKTR
BOOLEAN
STCND
INTEGER
DIRCND
INTEGER
Table 94:
Name
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
TRL1
BOOLEAN
TRL2
BOOLEAN
TRL3
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
STL1
BOOLEAN
STL2
BOOLEAN
STL3
BOOLEAN
STND
BOOLEAN
170
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Table 95:
Name
Default
Description
I3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
VTSZ
BOOLEAN
BLKTR
BOOLEAN
STCND
INTEGER
DIRCND
INTEGER
Table 96:
Name
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
TRL1
BOOLEAN
TRL2
BOOLEAN
TRL3
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
STL1
BOOLEAN
STL2
BOOLEAN
STL3
BOOLEAN
STND
BOOLEAN
Table 97:
Name
Type
Default
Description
I3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
Table 98:
Name
STDIRCND
Description
Binary coded directional information per
measuring loop
171
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.1.6
Setting parameters
Signals and settings for ZMQPDIS are valid for zone 1 while
signals and settings for ZMQAPDIS are valid for zone 2 - 5
Table 99:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
On
Operation Off / On
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
OperationDir
Off
Non-directional
Forward
Reverse
Forward
X1
0.10 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
30.00
R1
0.01 - 1000.00
ohm/p
0.01
5.00
X0
0.10 - 9000.00
ohm/p
0.01
100.00
R0
0.01 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
15.00
RFPP
0.10 - 3000.00
ohm/l
0.01
30.00
RFPE
0.10 - 9000.00
ohm/l
0.01
100.00
OperationPP
Off
On
On
Timer tPP
Off
On
On
tPP
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
OperationPE
Off
On
On
Timer tPE
Off
On
On
tPE
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
IMinOpPP
10 - 1000
%IB
20
IMinOpPE
10 - 1000
%IB
20
IMinOpIN
5 - 1000
%IB
172
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Table 100:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
On
Operation Off / On
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
OperationDir
Off
Non-directional
Forward
Reverse
Forward
X1
0.10 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
40.00
R1
0.01 - 1000.00
ohm/p
0.01
5.00
X0
0.10 - 9000.00
ohm/p
0.01
120.00
R0
0.01 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
15.00
RFPP
0.10 - 3000.00
ohm/l
0.01
30.00
RFPE
0.10 - 9000.00
ohm/l
0.01
100.00
OperationPP
Off
On
On
Timer tPP
Off
On
On
tPP
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
OperationPE
Off
On
On
Timer tPE
Off
On
On
tPE
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
IMinOpPP
10 - 1000
%IB
20
IMinOpPE
10 - 1000
%IB
20
Table 101:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
IMinOpPP
5 - 30
%IB
10
IMinOpPE
5 - 30
%IB
ArgNegRes
90 - 175
Deg
115
ArgDir
5 - 45
Deg
15
173
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.1.7
Technical data
Table 102:
Function
6.2
Range or value
Accuracy
Number of zones
(5-1000)% of IBase
(10-1000)% of IBase
(0.10-3000.00) /
phase
(0.01-1000.00) /
phase
(0.10-9000.00) /
phase
(0.01-3000.00) /
phase
(0.10-9000.00) /loop
(0.10-3000.00) /loop
Dynamic overreach
<5% at 85 degrees
measured with CVTs
and 0.5<SIR<30
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
Operate time
24 ms typically
Reset ratio
105% typically
Reset time
30 ms typically
174
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Function description
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
ZMCPDIS
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
21
S00346 V1 EN
ZMCAPDIS
21
S00346 V1 EN
ZDSRDIR
21D
Z<->
IEC09000167 V1 EN
6.2.1
Introduction
The line distance protection is a, up to five zone full scheme protection with three
fault loops for phase-to-phase faults and three fault loops for phase-to-earth fault
for each of the independent zones. Individual settings for each zone resistive and
reactive reach give flexibility for use on overhead lines and cables of different
types and lengths.
Quadrilateral characteristic is available.
ZMCPDIS function has functionality for load encroachment which increases the
possibility to detect high resistive faults on heavily loaded lines.
X
Forward
operation
R
Reverse
operation
en05000034.vsd
IEC05000034 V1 EN
Figure 89:
175
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
The independent measurement of impedance for each fault loop together with a
sensitive and reliable built in phase selection makes the function suitable in
applications with single phase auto-reclosing.
Built-in adaptive load compensation algorithm for the quadrilateral function
prevents overreaching of zone1 at load exporting end at phase to earth-faults on
heavily loaded power lines.
The distance protection zones can operate, independent of each other, in directional
(forward or reverse) or non-directional mode. This makes them suitable, together
with different communication schemes, for the protection of power lines and cables
in complex network configurations, such as parallel lines, multi-terminal lines.
6.2.2
Principle of operation
6.2.2.1
L2-N
L3-N
L1-L2
L2-L3
L3-L1
Zone 1
L1-N
L2-N
L3-N
L1-L2
L2-L3
L3-L1
Zone 2
L1-N
L2-N
L3-N
L1-L2
L2-L3
L3-L1
Zone 3
L1-N
L2-N
L3-N
L1-L2
L2-L3
L3-L1
Zone 4
L1-N
L2-N
L3-N
L1-L2
L2-L3
L3-L1
Zone 5
en05000458.vsd
IEC05000458 V1 EN
Figure 90:
The use of full scheme technique gives faster operation time compared to switched
schemes which mostly uses a start element to select correct voltages and current
depending on fault type. Each distance protection zone performs like one
independent distance protection IED with six measuring elements.
6.2.2.2
Impedance characteristic
Distance measuring zone, quadrilateral characteristic for series compensated lines
(ZMCPDIS) include six impedance measuring loops; three intended for phase-toearth faults, and three intended for phase-to-phase as well as, three-phase faults.
176
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
R1PE+RNFw
RFRvPE
RFFwPE
X 0 PE - X 1FwPE
3
X
1RvPE
X
0
PG
X
1
RVPG
X 0 PE =
- XXNFw
1RVPE
XNRV
XNRV XNRv
==
33
X 1FwPE
XNFw =
XX0 PE
- X-1X
FWPE
0 PG
1FWPG
XNFW
XNFW==
3 3
X1FwPE+XNFw
jN
jN
RNFw =
R0 PE - R1PE
3
R (Ohm/loop)
RFRvPE
RFFwPE
X1RvPE+XNRv
jN
RFRvPE
RFFwPE
IEC09000625-1-en.vsd
IEC09000625 V1 EN
Figure 91:
177
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
RFRvPP
(Ohm/phase)
R1PP
RFFwPP
X 0 PE - X 1RVPE
XNRV =XX00PE
PG- 1RVPG
X3
1XRVPE
XNRV
=
XNRV =
33
X
0
PE
--1X
11FWPE
X
0
PE
X 0 PG X
XFWPE
FWPG
XNFW
XNFW
XNFW===
3 33
X1FwPP
j
jN
RFRvPP
RFFwPP
j
R (Ohm/phase)
X1RvPP
jN
RFRvPP
RFFwPP
IEC09000632-1-en.vsd
IEC09000632 V1 EN
Figure 92:
The fault loop reach with respect to each fault type may also be presented as in
figure 93. Note in particular the difference in definition regarding the (fault)
resistive reach for phase-to-phase faults and three-phase faults.
178
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
UL1
IL1
R1 + j X1
Phase-to-earth
fault in phase L1
Phase-to-earth
element
RFPE
(Arc + tower
resistance)
0
Phase-to-phase
fault in phase
L1-L2
UL1
IN
(R0-R1)/3 +
j (X0-X1)/3 )
IL1
R1 + j X1
Phase-to-phase
element L1-L2
RFPP
IL2
(Arc resistance)
UL2
R1 + j X1
UL1
Three-phase
fault
IL1
R1 + j X1
0.5RFPP
R1 + j X1
0.5RFPP
Phase-to-phase
element L1-L3
IL3
UL3
IEC08000282-2-en.vsd
IEC08000282 V2 EN
Figure 93:
The R1 and jX1 in figure 93 represents the positive sequence impedance from the
measuring point to the fault location. The RFPE and RFPP is the eventual fault
resistance in the fault place.
Regarding the illustration of three-phase fault in figure 93, there is of course fault
current flowing also in the third phase during a three-phase fault. The illustration
merely reflects the loop measurement, which is made phase-to-phase.
The zone may be set to operate in Non-directional, Forward or Reverse direction
through the setting OperationDir. The result from respective set value is illustrated
in figure 94. It may be convenient to once again mention that the impedance reach
is symmetric, forward and reverse direction. Therefore, all reach settings apply to
both directions.
179
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Non-directional
Forward
Reverse
en05000182.vsd
IEC05000182 V1 EN
Figure 94:
6.2.2.3
6.2.2.4
Measuring principles
Fault loop equations use the complex values of voltage, current, and changes in the
current. Apparent impedances are calculated and compared with the set limits. The
180
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
EQUATION1222 V1 EN
Here U and I represent the corresponding voltage and current phasors in the
respective phase.
The earth return compensation applies in a conventional manner to ph-E faults
(example for a phase L1 to earth fault) according to equation 15.
U L1
Z app = -----------------------------I L1 + I N KN
(Equation 15)
EQUATION1223 V1 EN
Where:
UL1, IL1 and IN are the phase voltage, phase current and residual current present to the IED
KN
KN =
is defined as:
Z0 - Z1
3 Z1
EQUATION 2105 V1 EN
Z 0 = R0 + jX 0
EQUATION2106 V1 EN
Z1 = R1 + jX 1
EQUATION2107 V1 EN
Where
R0
X0
R1
X1
Here IN is a phasor of the residual current at the IED point. This results in the same
reach along the line for all types of faults.
The apparent impedance is considered as an impedance loop with resistance R and
reactance X.
181
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
The formula given in equation 15 is only valid for no loaded radial feeder
applications. When load is considered in the case of single phase-to-earth fault,
conventional distance protection might overreach at exporting end and underreach
at importing end. IED has an adaptive load compensation which increases the
security in such applications.
Measuring elements receive current and voltage information from the A/D
converter. The check sums are calculated and compared, and the information is
distributed into memory locations. For each of the six supervised fault loops,
sampled values of voltage (U), current (I), and changes in current between samples
(DI) are brought from the input memory and fed to a recursive Fourier filter.
The filter provides two orthogonal values for each input. These values are related
to the loop impedance according to equation 16,
X Di
U = R i + ------ ----w 0 Dt
EQUATION1224 V1 EN
(Equation 16)
(Equation 17)
X DIm ( I )
Im ( U ) = R Im ( I ) + ------ ----------------w0
Dt
EQUATION355 V1 EN
(Equation 18)
with
w0 = 2 p f 0
EQUATION356 V1 EN
(Equation 19)
where:
Re
Im
f0
The algorithm calculates Rm measured resistance from the equation for the real
value of the voltage and substitute it in the equation for the imaginary part. The
equation for the Xm measured reactance can then be solved. The final result is
equal to:
182
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Im ( U ) DRe ( I ) Re ( U ) D Im ( I )
R m = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------DRe ( I ) Im ( I ) D Im ( I ) Re ( I )
EQUATION357 V1 EN
(Equation 20)
Re ( U ) Im ( I ) Im ( U ) Re ( I )
Xm = w 0 Dt ------------------------------------------------------------------------------DRe ( I ) Im ( I ) DIm ( I ) Re ( I )
EQUATION358 V1 EN
(Equation 21)
The calculated Rm and Xm values are updated each sample and compared with the
set zone reach. The adaptive tripping counter counts the number of permissive
tripping results. This effectively removes any influence of errors introduced by the
capacitive voltage transformers or by other factors.
The directional evaluations are performed simultaneously in both forward and
reverse directions, and in all six fault loops. Positive sequence voltage and a phase
locked positive sequence memory voltage are used as a reference. This ensures
unlimited directional sensitivity for faults close to the IED point.
6.2.2.5
Section 6
Impedance protection
This memory control allows in the time domain unlimited correct directional
measurement for all unsymmetrical faults also at voltage reversal. Only at three
phase fault within the range of the set impedance reach of the criteria for control of
the polarization voltage the memory has to be used and the measurement is limited
to 100 ms and thereafter the direction is sealed-in. The special impedance
measurement to control the polarization voltage is set separately and has only to
cover (with some margin) the impedance to fault that can cause the voltage reversal.
The evaluation of the directionality takes place in Directional impedance
quadrilateral, including series compensation (ZDSRDIR) function. Equation 22 and
equation 23 are used to classify that the fault is in forward direction for phase-toearth fault and phase-to-phase fault.
- ArgDir < arg
U 1L1M
< ArgNeg Re s
I L1
(Equation 22)
EQUATION2004 V2 EN
For the L1-L2 element, the equation in forward direction is according to:
- ArgDir < arg
U 1L1L 2 M
< ArgNeg Re s
I L1L 2
(Equation 23)
EQUATION2006 V2 EN
where:
ArgDir
is the setting for the lower boundary of the forward directional characteristic, by default
set to 15 (= -15 degrees) and
ArgNegRes is the setting for the upper boundary of the forward directional characteristic, by default
set to 115 degrees, see figure 95.
U1L1M
IL1
U1L1L2M
IL1L2
The setting of ArgDir and ArgNegRes is by default set to 15 (= -15) and 115
degrees respectively, see figure 95, and it should not be changed unless system
studies have shown the necessity.
ZDSRDIR generates a binary coded signal on the output STDIR depending on the
evaluation where STFWL1N=1 adds 1, STRVL1N=1 adds 2, STFWL2N=1 adds 4.
184
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
ArgNegRes
ArgDir
en05000722.vsd
IEC05000722 V1 EN
Figure 95:
6.2.2.6
The design of distance protection zones are presented for all measuring loops: phaseto-earth as well as phase-to-phase.
Phase-to-earth related signals are designated by Ln, where n represents the
corresponding phase number (L1, L2, and L3). The phase-to-phase signals are
designated by LnLm, where n and m represent the corresponding phase numbers
(L1L2, L2L3, and L3L1).
Fulfillment of two different measuring conditions is necessary to obtain the one
logical signal for each separate measuring loop:
Two types of function block, ZMCPDIS and ZMCAPDIS, are used in the IED.
ZMCPDIS is used for zone 1 and ZMCAPDIS for zone 2 - 5.
185
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
The STCND input signal represents a connection of six different integer values
from the phase selection function within the IED, which are converted within the
zone measuring function into corresponding boolean expressions for each
condition separately. It is connected to Phase selection with load enchroachment,
quadrilateral characteristic (FDPSPDIS) function output STCNDZ.
IEC99000557-TIFF V1 EN
Figure 96:
Composition of the phase starting signals for a case, when the zone operates in a nondirectional mode, is presented in figure 97.
186
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
IEC00000488-TIFF V1 EN
Figure 97:
Results of the directional measurement enter the logic circuits, when the zone
operates in directional (forward or reverse) mode, as shown in figure 98.
STNDL1N
DIRL1N
AND
OR
STNDL2N
DIRL2N
AND
STNDL3N
OR
DIRL3N
AND
STNDL1L2
DIRL1L2
AND
STNDL2L3
DIRL2L3
AND
STNDL3L1
DIRL3L1
STZMPE.
AND
OR
OR
AND
15 ms
t
STL1
AND
15 ms
t
STL2
AND
15 ms
t
STL3
AND
OR
STZMPP
AND
BLK
OR
AND
15 ms
t
START
IEC09000888-1-en.vsd
IEC09000888 V1 EN
Figure 98:
Tripping conditions for the distance protection zone one are symbolically presented
in figure 99.
187
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Timer tPP=On
STZMPP
AND
tPP
t
AND
tPE
t
Timer tPE=On
STZMPE
BLKTR
BLK
OR
15ms
OR
AND
TRIP
STL1
AND
TRL1
STL2
AND
TRL2
STL3
AND
TRL3
en00000490-3.vsd
IEC00000490 2 V1 EN
Figure 99:
6.2.3
Function block
ZMCPDIS
I3P*
U3P*
BLOCK
VTSZ
BLKTR
STCND
DIRCND
TRIP
TRL1
TRL2
TRL3
START
STL1
STL2
STL3
STND
IEC07000036-2-en.vsd
IEC07000036 V2 EN
Figure 100:
ZMCAPDIS
I3P*
U3P*
BLOCK
VTSZ
BLKTR
STCND
DIRCND
TRIP
TRL1
TRL2
TRL3
START
STL1
STL2
STL3
STND
IEC09000890-1-en.vsd
IEC09000890 V1 EN
Figure 101:
188
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
ZDSRDIR
I3P*
U3P*
STFW
STRV
STDIRCND
IEC07000035-2-en.vsd
IEC07000035 V2 EN
Figure 102:
6.2.4
Table 103:
Name
Default
Description
I3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
VTSZ
BOOLEAN
BLKTR
BOOLEAN
STCND
INTEGER
DIRCND
INTEGER
Table 104:
Name
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
TRL1
BOOLEAN
TRL2
BOOLEAN
TRL3
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
STL1
BOOLEAN
STL2
BOOLEAN
STL3
BOOLEAN
STND
BOOLEAN
189
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Table 105:
Name
Default
Description
I3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
VTSZ
BOOLEAN
BLKTR
BOOLEAN
STCND
INTEGER
DIRCND
INTEGER
Table 106:
Name
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
TRL1
BOOLEAN
TRL2
BOOLEAN
TRL3
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
STL1
BOOLEAN
STL2
BOOLEAN
STL3
BOOLEAN
STND
BOOLEAN
Table 107:
Name
Type
Default
Description
I3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
Table 108:
Name
Description
STFW
BOOLEAN
STRV
BOOLEAN
STDIRCND
INTEGER
190
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.2.5
Setting parameters
Settings for ZMCPDIS are valid for zone 1, while settings for
ZMCAPDIS are valid for zone 2 - 5
Table 109:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
On
Operation Off / On
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
OperationDir
Off
Non-directional
Forward
Reverse
Forward
OperationPP
Off
On
On
X1FwPP
0.10 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
30.00
R1PP
0.01 - 1000.00
ohm/p
0.01
5.00
RFFwPP
0.10 - 3000.00
ohm/l
0.01
30.00
X1RvPP
0.10 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
30.00
RFRvPP
0.10 - 3000.00
ohm/l
0.01
30.00
Timer tPP
Off
On
On
tPP
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
OperationPE
Off
On
On
X1FwPE
0.10 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
30.00
R1PE
0.01 - 1000.00
ohm/p
0.01
5.00
X0PE
0.10 - 9000.00
ohm/p
0.01
100.00
R0PE
0.01 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
47.00
RFFwPE
0.10 - 9000.00
ohm/l
0.01
100.00
X1RvPE
0.10 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
30.00
RFRvPE
0.10 - 9000.00
ohm/l
0.01
100.00
Timer tPE
Off
On
On
tPE
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
191
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
IMinOpPP
10 - 1000
%IB
20
IMinOpPE
10 - 1000
%IB
20
IMinOpIN
5 - 1000
%IB
Table 110:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
On
Operation Off / On
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
OperationDir
Off
Non-directional
Forward
Reverse
Forward
OperationPP
Off
On
On
X1FwPP
0.10 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
30.00
R1PP
0.01 - 1000.00
ohm/p
0.01
5.00
RFFwPP
0.10 - 3000.00
ohm/l
0.01
30.00
X1RvPP
0.10 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
30.00
RFRvPP
0.10 - 3000.00
ohm/l
0.01
30.00
Timer tPP
Off
On
On
tPP
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
OperationPE
Off
On
On
X1FwPE
0.10 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
30.00
R1PE
0.01 - 1000.00
ohm/p
0.01
5.00
X0PE
0.10 - 9000.00
ohm/p
0.01
100.00
R0PE
0.01 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
47.00
RFFwPE
0.10 - 9000.00
ohm/l
0.01
100.00
X1RvPE
0.10 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
30.00
RFRvPE
0.10 - 9000.00
ohm/l
0.01
100.00
Timer tPE
Off
On
On
192
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
tPE
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
IMinOpPP
10 - 1000
%IB
20
IMinOpPE
10 - 1000
%IB
20
Table 111:
Step
Default
Description
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
OperationSC
NoSeriesComp
SeriesComp
SeriesComp
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
IMinOpPE
5 - 30
%IB
IMinOpPP
5 - 30
%IB
10
ArgNegRes
90 - 175
Deg
130
ArgDir
5 - 45
Deg
15
INReleasePE
10 - 100
%IPh
20
INBlockPP
10 - 100
%IPh
40
OperationLdCh
Off
On
On
RLdFw
1.00 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
80.00
RLdRv
1.00 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
80.00
ArgLd
5 - 70
Deg
30
X1FwPP
0.50 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
40.00
R1PP
0.10 - 1000.00
ohm/p
0.01
7.00
RFFwPP
0.50 - 3000.00
ohm/l
0.01
30.00
X1RvPP
0.50 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
40.00
RFRvPP
0.50 - 3000.00
ohm/l
0.01
30.00
X1FwPE
0.50 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
40.00
R1PE
0.10 - 1000.00
ohm/p
0.01
7.00
X0FwPE
0.50 - 9000.00
ohm/p
0.01
120.00
193
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Name
Values (Range)
Step
Default
R0PE
0.50 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
20.00
RFFwPE
1.00 - 9000.00
ohm/l
0.01
100.00
X1RvPE
0.50 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
40.00
X0RvPE
0.50 - 9000.00
ohm/p
0.01
120.00
RFRvPE
1.00 - 9000.00
ohm/l
0.01
100.00
6.2.6
Unit
Description
Technical data
Table 112:
Function
Range or value
Accuracy
Number of zones
(5-1000)% of IBase
(10-1000)% of IBase
(0.10-3000.00) /phase
(0.10-1000.00) /phase
(0.01-9000.00) /phase
(0.01-3000.00) /phase
(0.10-9000.00) /loop
(0.10-3000.00) /loop
Dynamic overreach
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
Operate time
24 ms typically
Reset ratio
105% typically
Reset time
30 ms typically
6.3
6.3.1
Identification
Function description
Phase selection with load
encroachment, quadrilateral
characteristic
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
FDPSPDIS
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
21
Z<phs
SYMBOL-DD V1 EN
194
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.3.2
Introduction
The operation of transmission networks today is in many cases close to the stability
limit. Due to environmental considerations, the rate of expansion and
reinforcement of the power system is reduced, for example, difficulties to get
permission to build new power lines. The ability to accurately and reliably classify
the different types of fault, so that single pole tripping and autoreclosing can be
used plays an important role in this matter.Phase selection, quadrilateral
characteristic with fixed angle FDPSPDIS is designed to accurately select the
proper fault loop in the distance function dependent on the fault type.
The heavy load transfer that is common in many transmission networks may make
fault resistance coverage difficult to achieve. Therefore, FDPSPDIS has a built-in
algorithm for load encroachment, which gives the possibility to enlarge the
resistive setting of both the phase selection and the measuring zones without
interfering with the load.
The extensive output signals from the phase selection gives also important
information about faulty phase(s), which can be used for fault analysis.
A current-based phase selection is also included. The measuring elements
continuously measure three phase currents and the residual current and, compare
them with the set values.
6.3.3
Principle of operation
The basic impedance algorithm for the operation of the phase selection measuring
elements is the same as for the distance zone measuring function. Phase selection
with load encroachment, quadrilateral characteristic FDPSPDIS includes six
impedance measuring loops; three intended for phase-to-earth faults, and three
intended for phase-to-phase faults as well as for three-phase faults.
The difference, compared to the distance zone measuring function, is in the
combination of the measuring quantities (currents and voltages) for different types
of faults.
A current-based phase selection is also included. The measuring elements
continuously measure three phase currents and the residual current, and compare
them with the set values. The current signals are filtered by Fourier's recursive
filter, and separate trip counter prevents too high overreaching of the measuring
elements.
The characteristic is basically non-directional, but FDPSPDIS uses information
from the directional function to discriminate whether the fault is in forward or
reverse direction.
The start condition STCNDZ is essentially based on the following criteria:
195
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
1.
2.
3.
Residual current criteria, that is, separation of faults with and without earth
connection
Regular quadrilateral impedance characteristic
Load encroachment characteristics is always active but can be switched off by
selecting a high setting.
Non-directional (ND)
Forward (FW)
Reverse (RV)
en08000286.vsd
IEC08000286 V1 EN
Figure 103:
The setting of the load encroachment function may influence the total operating
characteristic, (for more information, refer to section "Load encroachment").
The input DIRCND contains binary coded information about the directional
coming from the directional function . It shall be connected to the STDIR output on
196
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
STFWL1*1+STFWL2*2+STFWL3*4+STFWL1L2*8+
+STFWL2L3*16+STFWL3L1*32+STRVL1*64+STRVL2*128+
+STRVL3*256+STRVL1L2*512+STRVL2L3*1024+STRVL3L1*2048
6.3.3.1
Phase-to-earth fault
For a phase-to-earth fault, the measured impedance by FDPSPDIS will be
according to equation 24.
Index PHS in images and equations reference settings for Phase
selection with load encroachment function FDPSPDIS.
ZPHSn =
ULn
ILn
EQUATION1255 V1 EN
(Equation 24)
where:
n
Section 6
Impedance protection
RN =
R0 - R1
3
(Equation 25)
EQUATION1256 V1 EN
XN =
X 0 - X1
3
(Equation 26)
EQUATION1257 V1 EN
X (ohm/loop)
Kr(X1+XN)
RFRvPE
RFFwPE
X1+XN
RFFwPE
R (Ohm/loop)
RFRvPE
60 deg
60 deg
X1+XN
Kr =
1
tan(60deg)
RFFwPE
RFRvPE
Kr(X1+XN)
en06000396.vsd
IEC06000396 V2 EN
Figure 104:
Besides this, the 3I0 residual current must fulfil the conditions according to
equation 27 and equation 28.
3 I0 0.5 IMinOpPE
EQUATION2108 V1 EN
(Equation 27)
198
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
3 I0 INReleasePE
------------------------------------ Iphmax
100
(Equation 28)
EQUATION766 V1 EN
where:
IMinOpPE
INReleasePE is the setting for the minimum residual current needed to enable operation in the phaseto-earth fault loops (in %).
Iphmax
6.3.3.2
Phase-to-phase fault
For a phase-to-phase fault, the measured impedance by FDPSPDIS will be
according to equation 29.
ZPHS =
ULm - ULn
-2 ILn
EQUATION1258 V1 EN
(Equation 29)
ULm is the leading phase voltage, ULn the lagging phase voltage and ILn the
phase current in the lagging phase n.
The operation characteristic is shown in figure 105.
199
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
X (W /
phase)
0.5RFFwPP
0.5RFRvPP
KrX1
X1
0.5RFFwPP
60 deg
60 deg
R (W /
0.5RFRvPP
phase)
X1
Kr =
1
tan(60 deg)
KrX1
0.5RFRvPP
0.5RFFwPP
IEC09000047-2-en.vsd
IEC09000047 V2 EN
Figure 105:
In the same way as the condition for phase-to-earth fault, there are current
conditions that have to be fulfilled in order to release the phase-to-phase loop.
Those are according to equation 30 or equation 31.
3I 0 < IMinOpPE
(Equation 30)
EQUATION2109 V1 EN
3I 0 <
INBlockPP
Iph max
100
(Equation 31)
EQUATION2110 V1 EN
where:
IMinOpPE
200
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.3.3.3
Three-phase faults
The operation conditions for three-phase faults are the same as for phase-to-phase
fault, that is equation 29, equation 30 and equation 31 are used to release the
operation of the function.
However, the reach is expanded by a factor 2/3 (approximately 1.1547) in all
directions. At the same time the characteristic is rotated 30 degrees, counterclockwise. The characteristic is shown in figure 106.
X (O/phase)
4 X1
3
90 deg
0.5RFFwPPK3
X1K3
4 RFFwPP
6
R (O/phase)
0.5RFRvPPK3
K3 = 2 / v(3)
30 deg
IEC05000671-3-en.vsd
IEC05000671 V3 EN
Figure 106:
6.3.3.4
Load encroachment
Each of the six measuring loops has its own load encroachment characteristic based
on the corresponding loop impedance. The load encroachment functionality is
always active, but can be switched off by selecting a high setting.
The outline of the characteristic is presented in figure 107. As illustrated, the
resistive blinders are set individually in forward and reverse direction while the
angle of the sector is the same in all four quadrants.
201
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
RLdFw
ArgLd
ArgLd
ArgLd
RLdRv
ArgLd
IEC09000042-1-en.vsd
IEC09000042 V1 EN
Figure 107:
202
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
STCNDZ
STCNDLE
IEC10000099-1en.vsd
IEC10000099 V1 EN
Figure 108:
When FDPSPDIS is set to operate together with a distance measuring zone the
resultant operate characteristic could look like in figure 109. The figure shows a
distance measuring zone operating in forward direction. Thus, the operating area is
highlighted in black.
203
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
X
"Phase selection"
"quadrilateral" zone
Distance measuring zone
Load encroachment
characteristic
R
Directional line
en05000673.vsd
IEC05000673 V1 EN
Figure 109:
Figure 109 is valid for phase-to-earth. During a three-phase fault, or load, when the
quadrilateral phase-to-phase characteristic is subject to enlargement and rotation
the operate area is transformed according to figure 110. Notice in particular what
happens with the resistive blinders of the "phase selection" "quadrilateral" zone.
Due to the 30-degree rotation, the angle of the blinder in quadrant one is now 90
degrees instead of the original 60 degrees. The blinder that is nominally located to
quadrant four will at the same time tilt outwards and increase the resistive reach
around the R-axis. Consequently, it will be more or less necessary to use the load
encroachment characteristic in order to secure a margin to the load impedance.
204
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
X (W /
phase)
Phase selection
Quadrilateral zone
R (W /
phase)
IEC09000049-1-en.vsd
IEC09000049 V1 EN
Figure 110:
Operating characteristic for FDPSPDIS in forward direction for threephase fault, ohm/phase domain
The result from rotation of the load characteristic at a fault between two phases is
presented in fig 111. Since the load characteristic is based on the same
measurement as the quadrilateral characteristic, it will rotate with the quadrilateral
characteristic clockwise by 30 degrees when subject to a pure phase-to-phase fault.
At the same time the characteristic will "shrink" by 2/3, from the full RLdFw and
RLdRv reach, which is valid at load or three-phase fault.
205
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
IEC08000437.vsd
IEC08000437 V1 EN
Figure 111:
6.3.3.5
6.3.3.6
206
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
3I 0 0.5 IMinOpPE
&
INReleasePE
3I 0
Iphmax
100
IRELPE
15 ms
t
&
&
Bool to
integer
BLOCK
3I 0 < IMinOpPE
OR
INBlockPP
3I 0 <
Iphmax
100
STPE
&
10 ms 20 ms
t
t
&
15 ms
t
STCNDLE
STPP
IRELPP
IEC09000149_1_en.vsd
IEC09000149 V1 EN
Figure 112:
207
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
INDL1N
INDL2N
INDL3N
OR
15 ms
t
STNDPE
OR
15 ms
t
STNDL1
OR
15 ms
t
STNDL2
AND
OR
15 ms
t
STNDL3
AND
INDL1L2
IRELPE
ZML1N
ZML2N
ZML3N
ZML1L2
ZML2L3
ZML3L1
IRELPP
AND
AND
AND
INDL2L3
AND
INDL3L1
OR
15 ms
t
STNDPP
IEC00000545_2_en.vsd
IEC00000545-TIFF V2 EN
Figure 113:
208
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
INDL1N
DRVL1N
AND
INDL1L2
DRVL1L2
AND
OR
15 ms
t
STRVL1
OR
15 ms
t
STRVPE
OR
15 ms
t
STRVL2
INDL3L1
DRVL3L1
AND
INDL2N
DRVL2N
AND
INDL1L2
AND
INDL2L3
DRVL2L3
INDL1N
INDL2N
INDL3N
INDL1L2
INDL2L3
INDL3L1
AND
INDL3N
DRVL3N
AND
INDL2L3
Bool to
integer
15 ms
AND
OR
INDL3L1
AND
15 ms
OR
STCNDZ
STRVL3
STRVPP
IEC00000546_2_en.vsd
IEC00000546-TIFF V2 EN
Figure 114:
209
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
AND
INDL1N
DFWL1N
AND
AND
OR
15 ms
t
INDL1L2
DFWL1L2
AND
OR
INDL3L1
DFWL3L1
DFWL2N
OR
15 ms
t
STFWL1
15 ms
t
STFWPE
15 ms
t
STFWL2
15 ms
t
STFW2PH
AND
AND
INDL1L2
AND
OR
INDL2L3
DFWL2L3
STFW1PH
AND
AND
INDL2N
15 ms
t
AND
OR
15 ms
t
AND
INDL3N
DFWL3N
AND
AND
INDL2L3
AND
15 ms
t
STFWL3
15 ms
t
STFW3PH
15 ms
t
STFWPP
OR
INDL3L1
AND
AND
OR
IEC05000201_2_en.vsd
IEC05000201 V2 EN
Figure 115:
Figure 116 presents the composition of output signals TRIP and START, where
internal signals STNDPP, STFWPP and STRVPP are the equivalent to internal
signals STNDPE, STFWPE and STRVPE, but for the phase-to-phase loops.
210
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
TimerPP=Off
tPP
t
AND
OR
TimerPE=Off
tPE
t
AND
AND
OR
TRIP
AND
STNDPP
STFWPP
OR
STRVPP
OR
STNDPE
STFWPE
START
OR
STRVPE
IEC08000441_2_en.vsd
IEC08000441 1 V2 EN
Figure 116:
6.3.4
Function block
FDPSPDIS
I3P*
U3P*
BLOCK
DIRCND
TRIP
START
STFWL1
STFWL2
STFWL3
STFWPE
STRVL1
STRVL2
STRVL3
STRVPE
STNDL1
STNDL2
STNDL3
STNDPE
STFW1PH
STFW2PH
STFW3PH
STPE
STPP
STCNDZ
STCNDLE
IEC10000047-1-en.vsd
IEC10000047 V1 EN
Figure 117:
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.3.5
Default
Description
I3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
DIRCND
INTEGER
Table 114:
Name
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
Trip output
START
BOOLEAN
STFWL1
BOOLEAN
STFWL2
BOOLEAN
STFWL3
BOOLEAN
STFWPE
BOOLEAN
STRVL1
BOOLEAN
STRVL2
BOOLEAN
STRVL3
BOOLEAN
STRVPE
BOOLEAN
STNDL1
BOOLEAN
STNDL2
BOOLEAN
STNDL3
BOOLEAN
STNDPE
BOOLEAN
STFW1PH
BOOLEAN
STFW2PH
BOOLEAN
STFW3PH
BOOLEAN
STPE
BOOLEAN
STPP
BOOLEAN
STCNDZ
INTEGER
STCNDLE
INTEGER
212
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.3.6
Table 115:
Setting parameters
FDPSPDIS Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.01
400.00
INBlockPP
10 - 100
%IPh
40
INReleasePE
10 - 100
%IPh
20
RLdFw
1.00 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
80.00
RLdRv
1.00 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
80.00
ArgLd
5 - 70
Deg
30
X1
0.50 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
40.00
X0
0.50 - 9000.00
ohm/p
0.01
120.00
RFFwPP
0.50 - 3000.00
ohm/l
0.01
30.00
RFRvPP
0.50 - 3000.00
ohm/l
0.01
30.00
RFFwPE
1.00 - 9000.00
ohm/l
0.01
100.00
RFRvPE
1.00 - 9000.00
ohm/l
0.01
100.00
IMinOpPP
5 - 500
%IB
10
IMinOpPE
5 - 500
%IB
Table 116:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
OperationZ<
Off
On
On
OperationI>
Off
On
Off
IPh>
10 - 2500
%IB
120
IN>
10 - 2500
%IB
20
TimerPP
Off
On
Off
tPP
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
3.000
TimerPE
Off
On
Off
tPE
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
3.000
213
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.3.7
Technical data
Table 117:
Function
6.4
Range or value
Accuracy
(5-500)% of IBase
(0.503000.00) /phase
(0.101000.00) /phase
(0.509000.00) /phase
(0.503000.00) /phase
(1.009000.00) /loop
(0.503000.00) /loop
(1.003000.00) /phase
(5-70) degrees
Reset ratio
105% typically
IEC 61850
identification
ZMHPDIS
ANSI/IEEE
C37.2 device
number
21
S00346 V1 EN
6.4.1
Introduction
The numerical mho line distance protection is a, up to five zone full scheme
protection for back-up detection of short circuit and earth faults. The full scheme
technique provides back-up protection of power lines with high sensitivity and low
requirement on remote end communication. The five zones have fully independent
measuring and settings, which gives high flexibility for all types of lines.
The IED can be used up to the highest voltage levels. It is suitable for the
protection of heavily loaded lines and multi-terminal lines where the requirement
for tripping is one-, two- and/or three-pole.
214
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
The independent measurement of impedance for each fault loop together with a
sensitive and reliable built in phase selection makes the function suitable in
applications with single phase autoreclosing.
Built-in adaptive load compensation algorithm prevents overreaching at phase-toearth faults on heavily loaded power lines, see figure 118.
jX
Operation area
Operation area
Operation area
No operation area
No operation area
en07000117.vsd
IEC07000117 V1 EN
Figure 118:
The distance protection zones can operate, independent of each other, in directional
(forward or reverse) or non-directional mode (offset). This makes them suitable,
together with different communication schemes, for the protection of power lines
and cables in complex network configurations, such as parallel lines, multiterminal lines and so on.
The possibility to use the phase-to-earth quadrilateral impedance characteristic
together with the mho characteristic increases the possibility to overcome eventual
lack of sensitivity of the mho element due to the shaping of the curve at remote end
faults.
The integrated control and monitoring functions offer effective solutions for
operating and monitoring all types of transmission and sub-transmission lines.
6.4.2
Principle of operation
6.4.2.1
215
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
depending on fault type. So each distance protection zone performs like one
independent distance protection function with six measuring elements.
6.4.2.2
Impedance characteristic
The distance function consists of five instances. Each instance can be selected to be
either forward or reverse with positive sequence polarized mho characteristic
alternatively self polarized offset mho characteristics with reverse offset. The
operating characteristic is in accordance to figure 119 where zone 5 is selected
offset mho.
jx
X
Mho, zone4
Mho, zone3
Zs=0
Mho, zone2
R
Mho, zone1
Zs=Z1
Zs=2Z1
IEC09000143-1-en.vsd
IEC09000143 V1 EN
Figure 119:
Mho, offset mho characteristic and the source impedance influence on the mho characteristic
The mho characteristic has a dynamic expansion due to the source impedance.
Instead of crossing the origin as for the mho to the left of figure 119, which is only
valid where the source impedance is zero, the crossing point is moved to the
coordinates of the negative source impedance given an expansion of the circle
shown to the right of figure 119.
The polarization quantities used for the mho circle are 100% memorized positive
sequence voltages. This will give a somewhat less dynamic expansion of the mho
circle during faults. However, if the source impedance is high, the dynamic
expansion of the mho circle might lower the security of the function too much with
high loading and mild power swing conditions.
The mho distance element has a load encroachment function which cuts off a
section of the characteristic when enabled. The function is enabled by setting the
setting parameter LoadEnchMode to On. Enabling of the load encroachment
216
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
function increases the possibility to detect high resistive faults without interfering
with the load impedance. The algorithm for the load encroachment is located in the
Faulty phase identification with load encroachment for mho function FMPSPDIS,
where also the relevant settings can be found. Information about the load
encroachment from FMPSPDIS to the zone measurement is given in binary format
to the input signal LDCND.
6.4.2.3
Z0-Z1
3 Z1
(Equation 32)
217
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
KNAng = arg
Z 0 - Z1
3 Z1
)
(Equation 33)
EQUATION1580 V1 EN
where
Z0
Z1
The activation of input signal BLKZ can be made by external fuse failure function
or from the loss of voltage check in the Mho supervision logic (ZSMGAPC). In
both cases the output BLKZ in the Mho supervision logic shall be connected to the
input BLKZ in the Mho distance function block (ZMHPDIS)
The input signal BLKZMTD is activated during some ms after fault has been
detected by ZSMGAPC to avoid unwanted operations due to transients. It shall be
connected to the BLKZMTD output signal of ZSMGAPC function.
At SIR values >10, the use of electronic CVT might cause overreach due to the builtin resonance circuit in the CVT, which reduce the secondary voltage for a while.
The input BLKHSIR shall be connected to the output signal HSIR on ZSMGAPC
for increasing of the filtering and high SIR values. This is valid only when
permissive underreach scheme is selected by setting ReachMode=Underreach.
6.4.2.4
Theory of operation
The mho algorithm is based on the phase comparison of a operating phasor and a
polarizing phasor. When the operating phasor leads the reference polarizing phasor
by more than 90 degrees, the function operates and gives a trip output.
218
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Phase-to-phase fault
Mho
The plain mho circle has the characteristic as in figure 120. The condition for
deriving the angle is according to equation 34.
EQUATION1789 V1 EN
where
U L1L2
EQUATION1790 V2
EN
I L1L2
EQUATION1791 V2
EN
ZPP
Upol
219
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
IL1L2X
Upol
UL1L2
IL1L2R
en07000109.vsd
IEC07000109 V1 EN
Figure 120:
Simplified mho characteristic and vector diagram for phase L1-toL2 fault
Offset Mho
The characteristic for offset mho is a circle where two points on the circle are the
setting parameters ZPP and ZRevPP. The vector ZPP in the impedance plane has
the settable angle AngZPP and the angle for ZRevPP is AngZPP+180.
The condition for operation at phase-to-phase fault is that the angle between the
two compensated voltages Ucomp1 and Ucomp2 is greater than or equal to 90
(figure 121). The angle will be 90 for fault location on the boundary of the circle.
The angle for L1-to-L2 fault can be defined according to equation 35.
U-(-IL1L2 ZRevPP)
b = arg
U -IL1L2 ZPP
(Equation 35)
EQUATION1792 V1 EN
where
EQUATION1800 V1 EN
ZRevPP
is the positive sequence impedance setting for phase-to-phase fault in reverse direction
220
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
IL1L2jX
U
Ucomp2 = U = IFZF=UL1L2
IL1L2R
- IL1L2 Z RevPP
en07000110.vsd
IEC07000110 V1 EN
Figure 121:
ArgDir
is the setting parameter for directional line in fourth quadrant in the directional element,
ZDMRDIR.
ArgNegRes
is the setting parameter for directional line in second quadrant in the directional element,
ZDMRDIR.
The directional information is brought to the mho distance measurement from the
mho directional element as binary coded information to the input DIRCND. See
Directional impedance element for mho characteristic (ZDMRDIR) for information
about the mho directional element.
221
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
IL1L2jX
ZPP
UL1L2
ArgNegRes
IL1L2
ArgDir
en07000111.vsd
IEC07000111 V1 EN
Figure 122:
222
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
X
ZPP
ArgNegRes
IL1L2
ArgDir
UL1L2
ZRevPP
en06000469.eps
IEC06000469 V1 EN
Figure 123:
Phase-to-earth fault
Mho
The measuring of earth faults uses earth-return compensation applied in a
conventional way. The compensation voltage is derived by considering the
influence from the earth-return path.
For an earth fault in phase L1, the compensation voltage Ucomp can be derived, as
shown in figure 124.
EQUATION1793 V1 EN
where
Upol
is the polarizing voltage (memorized UL1 for Phase L1-to- earth fault)
Zloop
Z1+ZN = Z 1 1 + KN
EQUATION1799 V1 EN
)
(Equation 37)
223
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
where
Z1
KN
The angle between the Ucomp and the polarize voltage Upol for a L1-to-earth
fault is
b = arg [UL1 -(IL1 +3I0 KN ) ZPE ] - arg( Upol)
(Equation 38)
GUID-A9492CDF-D3B7-4DC5-8E06-6638BEE2540B V1 EN
where
UL1
IL1
IA
3I0
Z0-Z1
3 Z1
KN
EQUATION1593 V1 EN
EQUATION1594 V1 EN
the setting parameter for the zero sequence compensation consisting of the
magnitude KN and the angle KNAng.
Upol
Vpol
IL1X
IL1ZN
Ucomp
IL1 Zloop
IL1ZPE
Upol
f
IL1 (Ref)
IL1R
en06000472_2.vsd
IEC06000472 V2 EN
Figure 124:
224
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
b = arg
(Equation 41)
EQUATION1802 V1 EN
U L1
EQUATION1
805 V1 EN
IL1L 2 jX
IL1 ZPE
UL1
- I L1 Z Re vPe
en 06000465.vsd
IEC06000465 V1 EN
Figure 125:
Simplified offset mho characteristic and voltage vector for phase L1to-L2 fault
Section 6
Impedance protection
ArgDir
is the setting parameter for directional line in fourth quadrant in the directional element,
ZDMRDIR.
ArgNegRes
is the setting parameter for directional line in second quadrant in the directional element,
ZDMRDIR.
IL1 jX
UL1
ArgNegRes
IL1R
IL1
ArgDir
en 06000466.vsd
IEC06000466 V1 EN
Figure 126:
Simplified characteristic for offset mho in forward direction for L1-toearth fault
Section 6
Impedance protection
The is derived according to equation 41 for the offset mho circle and is the
angle between the voltage and current.
X
ZPE
ArgNegRes
IL
1
ArgDir
UL1
ZRevPE
en06000470.eps
IEC06000470 V1 EN
Figure 127:
6.4.2.5
Simplified characteristic for offset mho in reverse direction for L1-toearth fault
One type of function block, ZMHPDIS are used in the IED for zone 1 - 5.
227
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
The STCND input signal represents a connection of six different integer values
from Phase selection with load encroachment, quadrilateral characteristic function
FMPSPDIS within the IED, which are converted within the zone measuring
function into corresponding boolean expressions for each condition separately.
Input signal STCND is connected to FMPSPDIS function output signal
STCNDPHS.
The input signal DIRCND is used to give condition for directionality for the
distance measuring zones. The signal contains binary coded information for both
forward and reverse direction. The zone measurement function filters out the
relevant signals depending on the setting of the parameter DirMode. Input signal
DIRCND must be configured to the STDIRCND output signal on ZDMRDIR
function.
OffsetMhoDir=
Non-directional
AND
AND
DirMode=Offset
STCND
T
F
AND
AND
LoadEnchMode=
On/Off
LDCND
T
F
True
AND
Release
DIRCND
OffsetMhoDir=
Forward/Reverse
DirMode=
Forward/Reverse
AND
BLKZ
BLOCK
OR
IEC11000216-1-en.vsd
IEC11000216 V1 EN
Figure 128:
228
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Release
STL1N
STL2N
STL3N
STPE
OR
AND
STL1
OR
AND
AND
STL2
OR
STL1L2
STL2L3
AND
AND
STL3
OR
STL3L1
AND
OR
OR
START
STPP
IEC11000217-1-en.vsd
IEC11000217 V1 EN
Figure 129:
Tripping conditions for the distance protection zone one are symbolically presented
in figure 85.
229
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Timer tPP=On
AND
STPP
tPP
t
OR
Timer tPE=On
AND
STPE
tPE
t
15ms
AND
BLKTRIP
TRIP
STL1
AND
TRL1
STL2
AND
TRL2
STL3
AND
TRL3
IEC11000218-1-en.vsd
IEC11000218 V1 EN
Figure 130:
6.4.3
Function block
ZMHPDIS
I3P*
U3P*
CURR_INP*
VOLT_INP*
POL_VOLT*
BLOCK
BLKZ
BLKZMTD
BLKHSIR
BLKTRIP
BLKPE
BLKPP
DIRCND
STCND
LDCND
TRIP
TRL1
TRL2
TRL3
TRPE
TRPP
START
STL1
STL2
STL3
STPE
STPP
IEC06000423_2_en.vsd
IEC06000423 V2 EN
Figure 131:
230
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.4.4
Default
Description
I3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
CURR_INP
GROUP
SIGNAL
VOLT_INP
GROUP
SIGNAL
POL_VOLT
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
BLKZ
BOOLEAN
BLKZMTD
BOOLEAN
BLKHSIR
BOOLEAN
BLKTRIP
BOOLEAN
BLKPE
BOOLEAN
BLKPP
BOOLEAN
DIRCND
INTEGER
STCND
INTEGER
LDCND
INTEGER
Table 119:
Name
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
Trip General
TRL1
BOOLEAN
Trip phase L1
TRL2
BOOLEAN
Trip phase L2
TRL3
BOOLEAN
Trip phase L3
TRPE
BOOLEAN
Trip phase-to-earth
TRPP
BOOLEAN
Trip phase-to-phase
START
BOOLEAN
Start General
STL1
BOOLEAN
Start phase L1
STL2
BOOLEAN
Start phase L2
STL3
BOOLEAN
Start phase L3
STPE
BOOLEAN
Start phase-to-earth
STPP
BOOLEAN
Start phase-to-phase
231
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.4.5
Table 120:
Name
Setting parameters
ZMHPDIS Group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
On
Operation Off/On
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
Base current
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
Base voltage
DirMode
Off
Offset
Forward
Reverse
Forward
Direction mode
LoadEncMode
Off
On
Off
ReachMode
Overreach
Underreach
Overreach
OpModePE
Off
On
On
ZPE
0.005 - 3000.000
ohm/p
0.001
30.000
ZAngPE
10 - 90
Deg
80
KN
0.00 - 3.00
0.01
0.80
KNAng
-180 - 180
Deg
-15
ZRevPE
0.005 - 3000.000
ohm/p
0.001
30.000
tPE
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
IMinOpPE
10 - 30
%IB
20
OpModePP
Off
On
On
ZPP
0.005 - 3000.000
ohm/p
0.001
30.000
ZAngPP
10 - 90
Deg
85
ZRevPP
0.005 - 3000.000
ohm/p
0.001
30.000
tPP
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
IMinOpPP
10 - 30
%IB
20
232
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Table 121:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
OffsetMhoDir
Non-directional
Forward
Reverse
Non-directional
OpModetPE
Off
On
On
OpModetPP
Off
On
On
6.4.6
Technical data
Table 122:
Function
Range or value
Accuracy
(1030)% of IBase
(0.0053000.000) W/phase
(1090) degrees
(0.0053000.000) /phase
(0.003.00)
(-180180) degrees
Dynamic overreach
Timers
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
Operate time
Reset ratio
105% typically
Reset time
30 ms typically
233
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.5
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
ZMMPDIS
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
21
S00346 V1 EN
ZMMAPDIS
21
S00346 V1 EN
6.5.1
Introduction
The line distance protection is a , up to five zone protection with three fault loops
for phase-to-earth fault for each of the independent zones. Individual settings for
each zone resistive and reactive reach give flexibility for use on overhead lines and
cables of different types and lengths.
The Full-scheme distance protection, quadrilateral for earth faults functions
ZMMDPIS and ZMMAPDIS have functionality for load encroachment, which
increases the possibility to detect high resistive faults on heavily loaded lines , see
figure 75.
X
Forward
operation
R
Reverse
operation
en05000034.vsd
IEC05000034 V1 EN
Figure 132:
234
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
The independent measurement of impedance for each fault loop together with a
sensitive and reliable built in phase selection makes the function suitable in
applications with single phase auto-reclosing.
Built-in adaptive load compensation algorithm prevents overreaching of zone1 at
load exporting end at phase to earth faults on heavily loaded power lines.
The distance protection zones can operate, independent of each other, in directional
(forward or reverse) or non-directional mode. This makes them suitable, together
with different communication schemes, for the protection of power lines and cables
in complex network configurations, such as parallel lines, multi-terminal lines.
6.5.2
Principle of operation
6.5.2.1
L2-N
L3-N
Zone 1
L1-N
L2-N
L3-N
Zone 2
L1-N
L2-N
L3-N
Zone 3
L1-N
L2-N
L3-N
Zone 4
L1-N
L2-N
L3-N
Zone 5
en07000080.vsd
IEC07000080 V1 EN
Figure 133:
6.5.2.2
Impedance characteristic
The distance measuring zone include three impedance measuring loops; one fault
loop for each phase.
The distance measuring zone will essentially operate according to the nondirectional impedance characteristics presented in figure 134. The characteristic is
illustrated with the full loop reach.
235
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
X (Ohm/loop)
R1PE+Rn
RFPE
RFPE
X1PE+Xn
jN
RFPE
Xn =
X0PE-X1PE
3
Rn =
R0PE-R1PE
3
jN
R (Ohm/loop)
RFPE
X1PE+Xn
RFPE
RFPE
en08000280-2-en.vsd
R1PE+Rn
IEC08000280 V1 EN
Figure 134:
ILn
R1 + j X1
Phase-to-earth
fault in phase L1
Phase-to-earth
element
RFPE
(Arc + tower
resistance)
0
IN
(R0-R1)/3 +
j (X0-X1)/3 )
en06000412.vsd
IEC06000412 V1 EN
Figure 135:
236
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
The R1 and jX1 in figure 135 represents the positive sequence impedance from the
measuring point to the fault location. The RFPE is presented in order to convey
the fault resistance reach.
The zone may be set to operate in Non-directional, Forward, Off or Reverse
direction through the setting OperationDir. The result from respective set value is
illustrated in figure 136. It may be convenient to once again mention that the
impedance reach is symmetric, in the sense that it is conform for forward and
reverse direction. Therefore, all reach settings apply to both directions.
X
Non-directional
Forward
Reverse
en05000182.vsd
IEC05000182 V1 EN
Figure 136:
6.5.2.3
237
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.5.2.4
Measuring principles
Fault loop equations use the complex values of voltage, current, and changes in the
current. Apparent impedances are calculated and compared with the set limits.
Here U and I represent the corresponding voltage and current phasors in the
respective phase Ln (n = 1, 2, 3).
The calculation of the apparant impedances at phase-to-earth fault follow equation
42
The earth return compensation applies in a conventional manner.
U L1
Z app = -----------------------------I L1 + I N KN
(Equation 42)
EQUATION1223 V1 EN
Where:
UL1, IL1 and IN are the phase voltage, phase current and residual current present to the IED
KN
KN =
is defined as:
Z0 - Z1
3 Z1
EQUATION 2105 V1 EN
Z 0 = R0 + jX 0
EQUATION2106 V1 EN
Z1 = R1 + jX 1
EQUATION2107 V1 EN
Where
R0
X0
R1
X1
Here IN is a phasor of the residual current in IED point. This results in the same
reach along the line for all types of faults.
The apparent impedance is considered as an impedance loop with resistance R and
reactance X.
The formula given in equation 42 is only valid for no loaded radial feeder
applications. When load is considered in the case of single line-to-earth fault,
238
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
(Equation 43)
(Equation 44)
X DIm ( I )
Im ( U ) = R Im ( I ) + ------ ----------------w0
Dt
EQUATION355 V1 EN
(Equation 45)
with
w0 = 2 p f 0
EQUATION356 V1 EN
(Equation 46)
where:
Re
Im
f0
The algorithm calculates Rm measured resistance from the equation for the real
value of the voltage and substitute it in the equation for the imaginary part. The
equation for the Xm measured reactance can then be solved. The final result is
equal to:
Im ( U ) DRe ( I ) Re ( U ) D Im ( I )
R m = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------DRe ( I ) Im ( I ) D Im ( I ) Re ( I )
EQUATION357 V1 EN
(Equation 47)
239
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Re ( U ) Im ( I ) Im ( U ) Re ( I )
Xm = w 0 Dt ------------------------------------------------------------------------------DRe ( I ) Im ( I ) DIm ( I ) Re ( I )
(Equation 48)
EQUATION358 V1 EN
The calculated Rm and Xm values are updated each sample and compared with the
set zone reach. The adaptive tripping counter counts the number of permissive
tripping results. This effectively removes any influence of errors introduced by the
capacitive voltage transformers or by other factors.
The directional evaluations are performed simultaneously in both forward and
reverse directions, and in all six fault loops. Positive sequence voltage and a phase
locked positive sequence memory voltage are used as a reference. This ensures
unlimited directional sensitivity for faults close to the IED point.
6.5.2.5
Directional lines
The evaluation of the directionality takes place in the Directional impedance
element for mho characteristic ZDMRDIR function. Equation 49 is used to classify
that the fault is in forward direction for line-to-earth fault.
< ArgNeg Re s
(Equation 49)
EQUATION1617 V1 EN
where:
ArgDir
is the setting for the lower boundary of the forward directional characteristic, by default
set to 15 (= -15 degrees) and
ArgNegRes is the setting for the upper boundary of the forward directional characteristic, by default
set to 115 degrees, see figure 137.
U1L1
U1L1M
IL1
The setting of ArgDir and ArgNegRes is by default set to 15 (= -15) and 115
degrees respectively (see figure 137) and it should not be changed unless system
studies have shown the necessity.
ZDMRDIR gives a binary coded signal on the output STDIRCND depending on
the evaluation where STFWL1N=1 adds 1, STRVL1N=1 adds 2, STFWL2N=1
adds 4 etc.
240
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
ArgNegRes
ArgDir
en05000722.vsd
IEC05000722 V1 EN
Figure 137:
If the current is still above the set value of the minimum operating current
(between 10 and 30% of the set IED rated current IBase), the condition seals in.
If the current decreases below the minimum operating value, the memory
resets until the positive sequence voltage exceeds 10% of its rated value.
241
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.5.2.6
The design of distance protection zone 1 is presented for all measuring: phase-toearth loops.
Phase-to-earth related signals are designated by LnE, where n represents the
corresponding phase number (L1E, L2E, and L3E).
Fulfillment of two different measuring conditions is necessary to obtain the one
logical signal for each separate measuring loop:
The STCND input signal represents a connection of six different integer values
from the phase selection function within the IED, which are converted within the
zone measuring function into corresponding boolean expressions for each
condition separately. It is connected to the Phase selection with load
enchroachment, quadrilateral characteristic (FDPSPDIS) function output STCNDZ.
The input signal DIRCND is used to give condition for directionality for the
distance measuring zones. The signal contains binary coded information for both
forward and reverse direction. The zone measurement function filter out the
relevant signals on the DIRCND input depending on the setting of the parameter
OperationDir. It shall be configured to the DIRCND output on the Directional
impedance element for mho characteristic (ZDMRDIR) function.
242
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
STCND
L1N
AND
STNDL1N
L2N
AND
STNDL2N
L3N
AND
STNDL3N
STNDPE
OR
OR
VTSZ
BLOCK
AND
OR
STND
BLK
en06000408.vsd
IEC06000408 V1 EN
Figure 138:
Composition of the phase starting signals for a case, when the zone operates in a nondirectional mode, is presented in figure 139.
STNDL1N
AND
15 ms
t
STL1
AND
15 ms
t
STL2
AND
15 ms
t
STL3
AND
15 ms
t
START
STNDL2N
STNDL3N
OR
BLK
en06000409.vsd
IEC06000409 V1 EN
Figure 139:
Results of the directional measurement enter the logic circuits, when the zone
operates in directional (forward or reverse) mode, see figure 140.
243
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
STNDL1N
DIRL1N
AND
OR
STNDL2N
DIRL2N
STNDL3N
DIRL3N
STZMPE.
&
AND
AND
&
15 ms
t
STL1
&
15 ms
t
STL2
&
15 ms
t
STL3
&
15 ms
t
START
BLK
OR
en07000081.vsd
IEC07000081 V1 EN
Figure 140:
Tripping conditions for the distance protection zone one are symbolically presented
in figure 141.
Timer tPE=On
STZMPE
AND
tPE
t
15ms
TRIP
BLKTR
AND
STL1
AND
TRL1
STL2
AND
TRL2
STL3
AND
TRL3
en07000082.vsd
IEC07000082 V1 EN
Figure 141:
244
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.5.3
Function block
ZMMPDIS
I3P*
U3P*
BLOCK
BLKZ
BLKTR
STCND
DIRCND
TRIP
TRL1
TRL2
TRL3
START
STL1
STL2
STL3
STND
IEC06000454-2-en.vsd
IEC06000454 V2 EN
Figure 142:
ZMMAPDIS
I3P*
U3P*
BLOCK
BLKZ
BLKTR
STCND
DIRCND
TRIP
TRL1
TRL2
TRL3
START
STL1
STL2
STL3
STND
IEC09000947-1-en.vsd
IEC09000947 V1 EN
Figure 143:
6.5.4
Default
Description
I3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
BLKZ
BOOLEAN
BLKTR
BOOLEAN
STCND
INTEGER
DIRCND
INTEGER
Table 124:
Name
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
TRL1
BOOLEAN
TRL2
BOOLEAN
TRL3
BOOLEAN
245
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Name
Type
BOOLEAN
STL1
BOOLEAN
STL2
BOOLEAN
STL3
BOOLEAN
STND
BOOLEAN
Table 125:
Name
Type
Name
Description
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
BLKZ
BOOLEAN
BLKTR
BOOLEAN
STCND
INTEGER
DIRCND
INTEGER
Name
Table 127:
Default
I3P
Table 126:
6.5.5
Description
START
Type
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
TRL1
BOOLEAN
TRL2
BOOLEAN
TRL3
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
STL1
BOOLEAN
STL2
BOOLEAN
STL3
BOOLEAN
STND
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
ZMMPDIS Group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
On
Operation Off / On
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
Section 6
Impedance protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
OperationDir
Off
Non-directional
Forward
Reverse
Forward
X1
0.50 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
30.00
R1
0.10 - 1000.00
ohm/p
0.01
5.00
X0
0.50 - 9000.00
ohm/p
0.01
100.00
R0
0.50 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
15.00
RFPE
1.00 - 9000.00
ohm/l
0.01
100.00
Timer tPE
Off
On
On
tPE
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
IMinOpPE
10 - 30
%IB
20
IMinOpIN
5 - 30
%IB
Table 128:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
On
Operation Off / On
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
OperationDir
Off
Non-directional
Forward
Reverse
Forward
X1
0.50 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
40.00
R1
0.10 - 1000.00
ohm/p
0.01
5.00
X0
0.50 - 9000.00
ohm/p
0.01
120.00
R0
0.50 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
15.00
RFPE
1.00 - 9000.00
ohm/l
0.01
100.00
Timer tPE
Off
On
On
tPE
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
IMinOpPE
10 - 30
%IB
20
247
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.5.6
Technical data
Table 129:
Function
6.6
Range or value
Accuracy
Number of zones
(10-30)% of IBase
(0.50-3000.00) W/phase
(0.10-1000.00) /phase
(0.50-9000.00) /phase
(0.50-3000.00) /phase
(1.00-9000.00) W/loop
Dynamic overreach
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
Operate time
24 ms typically
Reset ratio
105% typically
Reset time
30 ms typically
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
ZDMRDIR
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
21D
S00346 V1 EN
Function description
Additional distance protection
directional function for earth faults
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
ZDARDIR
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
-
S00346 V1 EN
248
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.6.1
Introduction
The phase-to-earth impedance elements can be optionally supervised by a phase
unselective directional function based on symmetrical components.
6.6.2
Principle of operation
6.6.2.1
< ArgNeg Re s
(Equation 50)
EQUATION1617 V1 EN
< ArgNeg Re s
(Equation 51)
EQUATION1619 V1 EN
Where:
ArgDir
Setting for the lower boundary of the forward directional characteristic, by default set to
15 (= -15 degrees)
ArgNegRes
Setting for the upper boundary of the forward directional characteristic, by default set to
115 degrees, see figure 144 for mho characteristics.
U1L1
U1L1M
IL1
U1L1L2
U1L1L2M
IL1L2
The default settings for ArgDir and ArgNegRes are 15 (= -15) and 115 degrees
respectively (see figure 144) and they should not be changed unless system studies
show the necessity.
If one sets DirEvalType to Comparator (which is recommended when using the
mho characteristic) then the directional lines are computed by means of a comparatortype calculation, meaning that the directional lines are based on mho-circles (of
infinite radius). The default setting value Impedance otherwise means that the
249
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
X
Zset reach point
ArgNegRes
-ArgDir
-Zs
en06000416.vsd
IEC06000416 V1 EN
Figure 144:
250
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
If the current is still above the set value of the minimum operating current the
condition seals in.
bit 10
(1024)
bit 9
(512)
bit 8
(256)
bit 7
(128)
bit 6
(64)
STRVL3L1=
1
STRVL2L3=
1
STRVL1L2=
1
STRVL3N=1
STRVL2N=1
STRVL1N=1
bit 5
(32)
bit 4
(16)
bit 3
(8)
bit 2
(4)
bit 1
(2)
bit 0
(1)
STFWL3L1=
1
STFWL2L3=
1
STFWL1L2=
1
STFWL3N=1
STFWL2N=1
STFWL1N=1
The STFW output is a logical signal with value 1 or 0. It is made up as an ORfunction of all the forward starting conditions, that is, STFWL1N, STFWL2N,
STFWL3N, STFWL1L2, STFWL2L3 and STFWL3L1. The STRV output is
similar to the STFW output, the only difference being that it is made up as an ORfunction of all the reverse starting conditions, that is, STRVL1N, STRVL2N,
STRVL3N, STRVL1L2, STRVL2L3 and STRVL3L1.
Values for the following parameters are calculated, and may be viewed as service
values:
resistance phase L1
reactance phase L1
resistance phase L2
reactance phase L2
resistance phase L3
reactance phase L3
direction phase L1
direction phase L2
direction phase L3
251
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.6.2.2
There are however some situations that can cause security problems like reverse
phase to phase faults and double phase-to-earth faults during high load periods. To
solve these, additional directional element is used.
For phase-to-earth faults, directional elements using sequence components are very
reliable for directional discrimination. The directional element can be based on one
of following types of polarization:
Zero-sequence voltage
Negative-sequence voltage
Zero-sequence current
252
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
- 3U 0
AngleOp
AngleRCA
3I 0
en06000417.vsd
IEC06000417 V1 EN
Figure 145:
Z0 SA
I0
I0
Z0 SB
Z0 Line
U0
U0
K*I0
U0 + K*I0
IF
en06000418.vsd
IEC06000418 V1 EN
Figure 146:
Note that the sequence based additional directional element cannot give per phase
information about direction to fault. This is why it is an AND-function with the
normal directional element that works on a per phase base. The release signals are
per phase and to have a release of a measuring element in a specific phase both the
additional directional element, and the normal directional element, for that phase
must indicate correct direction.
253
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Normal
directional
element
L1N, L2N, L3N
AND
Release of distance
measuring element
L1N, L2N, L3N
Additional
directional
element
AND per
phase
en06000419.vsd
IEC06000419 V1 EN
Figure 147:
6.6.3
Function block
ZDMRDIR
I3P*
U3P*
DIR_CURR
DIR_VOLT
DIR_POL
STFW
STRV
STDIRCND
IEC06000422_2_en.vsd
IEC06000422 V2 EN
Figure 148:
ZDARDIR
I3P*
U3P*
I3PPOL*
DIRCND
STFWPE
STRVPE
DIREFCND
IEC06000425-2-en.vsd
IEC06000425 V2 EN
Figure 149:
6.6.4
Default
Description
I3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
254
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Table 131:
Name
Type
DIR_CURR
GROUP SIGNAL
Group connection
DIR_VOLT
GROUP SIGNAL
Group connection
DIR_POL
GROUP SIGNAL
Group connection
STFW
BOOLEAN
STRV
BOOLEAN
STDIRCND
INTEGER
Table 132:
Name
Type
Description
GROUP
SIGNAL
Current signals
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
Voltage signals
I3PPOL
GROUP
SIGNAL
DIRCND
INTEGER
Name
Table 134:
Default
I3P
Table 133:
6.6.5
Description
Type
Description
STFWPE
BOOLEAN
STRVPE
BOOLEAN
DIREFCND
INTEGER
Setting parameters
ZDMRDIR Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
0.05
400.00
DirEvalType
Impedance
Comparator
Imp/Comp
Comparator
ArgNegRes
90 - 175
Deg
115
ArgDir
5 - 45
Deg
15
IMinOpPE
5 - 30
%IB
IMinOpPP
5 - 30
%IB
10
Section 6
Impedance protection
Table 135:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
PolMode
-3U0
-U2
IPol
Dual
-3U0Comp
-U2comp
-3U0
AngleRCA
-90 - 90
Deg
75
I>
1 - 200
%IB
UPol>
1 - 100
%UB
IPol>
5 - 100
%IB
10
Table 136:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
AngleOp
90 - 180
Deg
160
Kmag
0.50 - 3000.00
ohm
0.01
40.00
6.7
6.7.1
IEC 61850
identification
ZSMGAPC
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
-
Introduction
The Mho impedance supervision logic (ZSMGAPC) includes features for fault
inception detection and high SIR detection. It also includes the functionality for
loss of potential logic as well as for the pilot channel blocking scheme.
ZSMGAPC can mainly be decomposed in two different parts:
1.
2.
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Section 6
Impedance protection
6.7.2
Principle of operation
6.7.2.1
Or
A fault inception is detected
If it is later detected that it was an internal fault that made the function issue the
BLKCHST signal, the function will issue a CHSTOP signal to unblock the remote
end. The criteria that have to be fulfilled for this are:
1.
2.
3.
The function has to be in pilot mode, that is, the setting PilotMode has to be
set to On
The carrier send signal should be blocked, that is, input signal BLOCKCS is
On and,
A reverse fault should not have been detected while the carrier send signal was
not blocked, that is, input signals REVSTART and BLOCKCS is not activated.
ZSMGAPC function has a built in loss of voltage detection based on the evaluation
of the change in phase voltage or the change in zero sequence voltage (3U0). It
operates if the change in phase voltages exceeds the setting DeltaU or 3U0 exceeds
the setting Delta3U0.
If loss of voltage is detected, but not a fault inception, the distance protection
function will be blocked. This is also the case if a fuse failure is detected by the
257
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
external fuse failure function and activate the input FUSEFAIL. Those blocks are
generated by activating the output BLKZ, which shall be connected to the input
BLKZ on the distance Mho function block.
During fault inception a lot of transients will be developed which in turn might
cause the distance function to overreach. The Mho supervision logic (ZSMGAPC)
will increase the filtering during the most transient period of the fault. This is done
by activating the output BLKZMD, which shall be connected to the input
BLKZMTD on mho distance function block.
High SIR values increases the likelihood that CVT will introduce a prolonged and
distorted transient, increasing the risk for overreach of the distance function.
The SIR function calculates the SIR value as the source impedance divided by the
setting Zreach and activates the output signal HSIR if the calculated value for any
of the six basic shunt faults exceed the setting SIRLevel. The HSIR signal is
intended to block the delta based mho impedance function.
6.7.3
Function block
ZSMGAPC
I3P*
BLKZMTD
U3P*
BLKCHST
BLOCK
CHSTOP
REVSTART
HSIR
BLOCKCS
CBOPEN
IEC06000426-2-en.vsd
IEC06000426 V2 EN
Figure 150:
6.7.4
Default
Description
I3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
REVSTART
BOOLEAN
BLOCKCS
BOOLEAN
CBOPEN
BOOLEAN
258
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Table 138:
Name
6.7.5
Table 139:
Type
Description
BLKZMTD
BOOLEAN
BLKCHST
BOOLEAN
CHSTOP
BOOLEAN
HSIR
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
ZSMGAPC Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
PilotMode
Off
On
Off
Zreach
0.1 - 3000.0
ohm
0.1
38.0
Line impedance
IMinOp
10 - 30
%IB
20
Table 140:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
DeltaI
0 - 200
%IB
10
Delta3I0
0 - 200
%IB
10
DeltaU
0 - 100
%UB
Delta3U0
0 - 100
%UB
SIRLevel
5 - 15
10
6.8
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
FMPSPDIS
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
21
S00346 V1 EN
259
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.8.1
Introduction
The operation of transmission networks today is in many cases close to the stability
limit. Due to environmental considerations the rate of expansion and reinforcement
of the power system is reduced, for example difficulties to get permission to build
new power lines. The ability to accurate and reliable classifying the different types
of fault so that single phase tripping and autoreclosing can be used plays an
important roll in this matter.
The phase selection function is design to accurately select the proper fault loop(s)
in the distance function dependent on the fault type.
The heavy load transfer that is common in many transmission networks may in
some cases interfere with the distance protection zone reach and cause unwanted
operation. Therefore the function has a built in algorithm for load encroachment,
which gives the possibility to enlarge the resistive setting of the measuring zones
without interfering with the load.
The output signals from the phase selection function produce important
information about faulty phase(s), which can be used for fault analysis as well.
6.8.2
Principle of operation
6.8.2.1
The delta based fault detection function uses adaptive technique and is based on
patent US4409636.
The aim of the delta based phase selector is to provide very fast and reliable phase
selection for releasing of tripping from the high speed Mho measuring element and
is essential to Directional Comparison Blocking scheme (DCB), which uses Power
Line Carrier (PLC) communication system across the protected line.
The current and voltage samples for each phase passes through a notch filter that
filters out the fundamental components. Under steady state load conditions or when
no fault is present, the output of the filter is zero or close to zero. When a fault
260
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
occurs, currents and voltages change resulting in sudden changes in the currents
and voltages resulting in non-fundamental waveforms being introduced on the line.
At this point the notch filter produces significant non-zero output. The filter output
is processed by the delta function. The algorithm uses an adaptive relationship
between phases to determine if a fault has occurred, and determines the faulty phases.
The current and voltage delta based phase selector gives a real output signal if the
following criterion is fulfilled (only phase L1 shown):
Max(UL1,UL2,UL3)>DeltaUMinOp
Max(IL1,IL2,IL3)>DeltaIMinOp
where:
UL1, UL2 and UL3
are the minimum harmonic level settings for the voltage and current
filters to decide that a fault has occurred. A slow evolving fault may not
produce sufficient harmonics to detect the fault; however, in such a
case speed is no longer the issue and the sequence components
phase selector will operate.
The delta voltages ULn and delta current ILn (n prefix for phase order) are the
voltage and current between sample t and sample t-1.
The delta phase selector employs adaptive techniques to determine the fault type.
The logic determines the fault type by summing up all phase values and dividing
by the largest value. Both voltages and currents are filtered out and evaluated. The
condition for fault type classification for the voltages and currents can be expressed
as:
FaulType =
EQUATION1621 V2 EN
FaulType =
EQUATION1622 V2 EN
FaultType=1
Phase-to-phase fault
FaultType=2
Three-phase fault;
FaultType=3
261
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Section 6
Impedance protection
The output signal is 1 for single phase-to-earth fault, 2 for phase-to-phase fault and
3 for three-phase fault. At this point the filter does not know if earth was involved
or not.
Typically there are induced harmonics in the non-faulted lines that will affect the
result. This method allows for a significant tolerance in the evaluation of FaultType
over its entire range.
When a single phase-to-earth fault has been detected, the logic determines the
largest quantity, and asserts that phase. If phase-to-phase fault is detected, the two
largest phase quantities will be detected and asserted as outputs.
The faults detected by the delta based phase selector are coordinated in a separate
block. Different phases of faults may be detected at slightly different times due to
differences in the angles of incidence of fault on the wave shape. Therefore the
output is forced to wait a certain time by means of a timer. If the timer expires, and
a fault is detected in one phase only, the fault is deemed as phase-to-earth. This
way a premature single phase-to-earth fault detection is not released for a phase-tophase fault. If, however, earth current is detected before the timer expires, the phaseto-earth fault is released sooner.
If another phase picks up during the time delay, the wait time is reduced by a
certain amount. Each detection of either earth-to-phase or additional phases further
reduce the initial time delay and allow the delta phase selector output to be faster.
There is no time delay, if for example, all three phases are faulty.
The delta function is released if the input DELTAREL is activated at the same time
as input DELTABLK is not activated. Activating the DELTABLK input will block
the delta function. The release signal has an internal pulse timer of 100 ms. When
the DELTAREL signal has disappeared the delta logic is reset. In order not to get
too abrupt change, the reset is decayed in pre-defined steps.
262
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
maxIph
INRelPE
is a setting parameter for the relation between the magnitude of 3I0 and the
maximum phase current
The earth-fault loop is also released if the evaluation of the zero sequence current
by the main sequence function meets the following conditions:
|3I0|>IBase 0.5
|3I0|>maxIph INRelPE
where:
maxIph
INRelPE
is the setting of 3I0 limit for release of phase-to-earth measuring loop in % of IBase
IBase
In systems where the source impedance for zero sequence is high the change of
zero sequence current may not be significant and the above detection may fail. In
those cases the detection enters the second level, with evaluation of zero and
negative sequence voltage. The release of the earth-fault loops can then be
achieved if all of the following conditions are fulfilled:
|3U0|>|U2| 0.5
|3U0|>|U1| 0.2
|U1|> UBase 0.2/(3)
and
263
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
U2
is the magnitude of the negative sequence voltage at the relay measuring point of
phase L1
k5
is design parameter
ILmax
IMinOp
UL3
60
L3-L1 sector
180
UL2
L2-L3 sector
U1L1 (Ref)
L1-L2 sector
UL1
300
en06000383.vsd
IEC06000383 V1 EN
Figure 151:
The phase-to-phase loop for the faulty phases will be determined if the angle
between the sequence voltages U2 and U1 lies within the sector defined according
to figure 151 and the following conditions are fulfilled:
|U1|>U1MinOP
|U2|>U2MinOp
where:
are the setting parameters for positive sequence and negative sequence
minimum operate voltages
264
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
80
L2-E sector
200
L3-E sector
L1-E sector
320
IEC06000384-2-en.vsd
IEC06000384 V2 EN
Figure 152:
The angle is calculated in a directional function block and gives the angle in
radians as input to the U2 and I0 function block. The input angle is released only if
the fault is in forward direction. This is done by the directional element. The fault
is classified as forward direction if the angle between U0 and I0 lies between 20 to
200 degrees, see figure 153.
265
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Forward
200
20
Reverse
en06000385.vsd
IEC06000385 V1 EN
Figure 153:
The input radians are summarized with an offset angle and the result evaluated. If
the angle is within the boundaries for a specific sector, the phase indication for that
sector will be active see figure 152. Only one sector signal is allowed to be
activated at the same time.
The sector function for condition 1 has an internal release signal which is active if
the main sequence function has classified the angle between U0 and I0 as valid. The
following conditions must be fulfilled for activating the release signals:
|U2|>U2MinOp
|3I0|> 0.05 IBase
|3I0|>maxIph INRelPE
where:
U2 and IN
are the magnitude of the negative sequence voltage and zerosequence current (3I0)
U2MinOp
maxIph
INRelPE
is the setting parameter for 3I0 limit for releasing phase-to-earth loop
The angle difference is phase shifted by 180 degrees if the fault is in reverse direction.
The condition 2 looks at the angle relationship between the negative sequence
voltage U2 and the positive sequence voltage U1. Since this is a phase-to-phase
voltage relationship, there is no need for shifting phases if the fault is in reverse
direction. A phase shift is introduced so that the fault sectors will have the same
angle boarders as for condition 1. If the calculated angle between U2 and U1 lies
266
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
within one sector, the corresponding phase for that sector will be activated. The
condition 2 is released if both the following conditions are fulfilled:
|U2|>U2MinOp
|U1|>U1MinOP
where:
|U1| and |U2|
are the setting parameters for positive sequence and negative sequence
minimum operating voltages.
140
L3-E sector
20
L1-E sector
U1L1
(Ref)
L2-E sector
260
IEC06000413_2_en.vsd
IEC06000413 V2 EN
Figure 154:
If both conditions are true and there is sector match, the fault is deemed as single
phase-to-earth. If the sectors, however, do not match the fault is determined to be
the complement of the second condition, that is, a phase-to-phase-to- earth fault.
Condition 1 and
Condition 2
Fault type
L3-E
L3-E
L3-E
L2-E
L1-E
L2-L3-E
The sequence phase selector is blocked when earth is not involved or if a threephase fault is detected.
Three-phase fault detection
Unless it has been categorized as a single or two-phase fault, the function classifies
it as a three-phase fault if the following conditions are fulfilled:
|U1|<U1Level
267
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
and
|I1|>I1LowLevel
or
|I1|>IMaxLoad
where:
|U1| and |I1|
U1Level ,
I1LowLevel
are the setting of limits for positive sequence voltage and current
IMaxLoad
The output signal for detection of three-phase fault is only released if not earth
fault and phase-to-phase fault in the main sequence function is detected.
The conditions for not detecting earth fault are the inverse of equation 5 to 10.
The condition for not detecting phase-to-phase faults is determined by three
conditions. Each of them gives condition for not detecting phase-to-phase fault.
Those are:
1:
earth fault is detected
or
|3I0IN|> 0.05 IBase
and
|3I0IN|>maxIph INRelPE
2:
phase-to-earth and phase-to-phase faults are not fulfilled
and
maxIph<0.1 IBase
and
|I2|<0.1 maxIph
3:
|3I0IN|>maxIph INBlockPP
or
|I2|<maxIph I2maxIL
where:
maxIph
INRelPE
is the setting parameter for 3I0 limit for release of phase-to-earth fault loops
Section 6
Impedance protection
|I2|
I2ILmax
is the setting parameter for the relation between negative sequence current
to the maximum phase current in percent of IBase
INBlockPP
is the setting parameter for 3I0 limit for blocking phase to phase measuring
loops
The phase selection logic has an evaluation procedure that can be simplified
according to figure 155. Only phase L1 is shown in the figure. If the internal signal
3 Phase fault is activated, all four outputs START, STL1, STL2 and STL3 gets
activated.
DeltaIL1
DeltaUL1
Sequence based
function
L1L2 fault
a
OR
a>b
then c=a
else c=b
a<b
then c=b
else c=a
FaultPriority
Adaptive release
dependent on result
from Delta logic
OR
L1N fault
3 Phase fault
STL1
&
IL1Valid
BLOCK
IEC06000386-2-en.vsd
IEC06000386 V2 EN
Figure 155:
Each of the six measuring loops has its own load (encroachment) characteristic
based on the corresponding loop impedance. The load encroachment functionality
is always activated in faulty phase identification with load encroachment for mho
(FMPSPDIS) function but the influence on the zone measurement can be switched
On/Offin the respective impedance measuring function.
The outline of the characteristic is presented in figure 156. As illustrated, the
resistive reach in forward and reverse direction and the angle of the sector is the
same in all four quadrants. The reach for the phase selector will be reduced by the
load encroachment function, as shown in figure 156.
269
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Section 6
Impedance protection
Blinder
Blinder provides a mean to discriminate high load from a fault. The operating
characteristic is illustrated in figure 156. There are six individual measuring loops
with the blinder functionality. Three phase-to-earth loops which estimate the
impedance according to
Zn = Uph / Iph
and three phase-to-phase loops according to
Zph-ph = Uph-ph / Iph-ph
The start operations from respective loop are binary coded into one word and
provides an output signal STCNDPLE.
X
jX
Operation area
Operation area
RLd
ArgLd
ArgLd
R
R
ArgLd
ArgLd
RLd
Operation area
No operation area
No operation area
en06000414.vsd
IEC06000414 V1 EN
Figure 156:
Outputs
The output of the sequence components based phase selector and the delta logic
phase selector activates the output signals STL1, STL2 and STL3. If an earth fault
is detected the signal STPE gets activated.
The phase selector also gives binary coded signals that are connected to the zone
measuring element for opening the correct measuring loop(s). This is done by the
signal STCNDPHS. If only one phase is started (L1, L2 or L3), the corresponding
phase-to- element is enabled. STPE is expected to be made available for two-phase
and three-phase faults for the correct output to be selected. The fault loop is
indicated by one of the decimal numbers below.
The output STCNDPHS provides release information from the phase selection part
only. STCNDLE provides release information from the load encroachment part
only. STCNDPLE provides release information from the phase selection part and
270
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Section 6
Impedance protection
the load encroachment part combined, that is, both parts have to issue a release at
the same time (this signal is normally not used in the zone measuring element). In
these signals, each fault type has an associated value, which represents the
corresponding zone measuring loop to be released. The values are presented in
table 140.
0=
no faulted phases
1=
L1E
2=
L2E
3=
L3E
4=
-L1L2E
5=
-L2L3E
6=
-L3L1E
7=
-L1L2L3E
8=
-L1L2
9=
-L2L3
10=
-L3L1
11=
L1L2L3
An additional logic is applied to handle the cases when phase-to-earth outputs are
to be asserted when the earth input G is not asserted.
The output signal STCNDPLE is activated when the load encroachment is operating.
STCNDPLE is connected to the input STCND for selected quadrilateral impedance
measuring zones to be blocked. The signal must be connected to the input LDCND
for selected mho impedance measuring zones .
The load encroachment at the measuring zone must be activated to
release the blocking from the load encroachment function.
6.8.3
Function block
FMPSPDIS
I3P*
U3P*
BLOCK
ZSTART
TR3PH
1POLEAR
STL1
STL2
STL3
STPE
STCNDPHS
STCNDPLE
STCNDLE
START
IEC06000429-2-en.vsd
IEC06000429 V2 EN
Figure 157:
271
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.8.4
Name
Type
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
ZSTART
BOOLEAN
TR3PH
BOOLEAN
1POLEAR
BOOLEAN
Name
Table 143:
Name
Description
I3P
Table 142:
6.8.5
Default
Type
Description
STL1
BOOLEAN
STL2
BOOLEAN
STL3
BOOLEAN
STPE
BOOLEAN
STCNDPHS
INTEGER
STCNDPLE
INTEGER
STCNDLE
INTEGER
START
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
FMPSPDIS Group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
Base current
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
Base voltage
IMaxLoad
10 - 5000
%IB
200
RLd
1.00 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
80.00
ArgLd
5 - 70
Deg
20
272
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Table 144:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
DeltaIMinOp
5 - 100
%IB
10
DeltaUMinOp
5 - 100
%UB
20
U1Level
5 - 100
%UB
80
I1LowLevel
5 - 200
%IB
10
U1MinOp
5 - 100
%UB
20
U2MinOp
1 - 100
%UB
INRelPE
10 - 100
%IB
20
INBlockPP
10 - 100
%IB
40
6.8.6
Technical data
Table 145:
Function
6.9
Range or value
Accuracy
(5-30)% of IBase
1.0% of Ir
(0.53000) W/phase
(570) degrees
IEC 61850
identification
ZMRPDIS
ZMRAPDIS
IEC 60617
identification
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
21
S00346 V1 EN
21
S00346 V1 EN
273
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Function description
IEC 61850
identification
6.9.1
ZDRDIR
IEC 60617
identification
Z<->
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
21D
Introduction
The line distance protection is up to five zone full scheme protection with three
fault loops for phase-to-phase faults and three fault loops for phase-to-earth fault
for each of the independent zones. Individual settings for each zone in resistive and
reactive reach gives flexibility for use as back-up protection for transformer
connected to overhead lines and cables of different types and lengths.
Mho alternative quadrilateral characteristic is available.
ZMRPDIS together with Phase selection, quadrilateral characteristic with settable
angle FRPSPDIS has functionality for load encroachment, which increases the
possibility to detect high resistive faults on heavily loaded lines, as shown in figure
75.
X
Forward
operation
R
Reverse
operation
en05000034.vsd
IEC05000034 V1 EN
Figure 158:
The independent measurement of impedance for each fault loop together with a
sensitive and reliable built-in phase selection makes the function suitable in
applications with single pole tripping and autoreclosing.
Built-in adaptive load compensation algorithm prevents overreaching of zone 1 at
load exporting end at phase-to-earth faults on heavily loaded power lines.
The distance protection zones can operate, independent of each other, in directional
(forward or reverse) or non-directional mode. This makes them suitable, together
274
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
with different communication schemes, for the protection of power lines and cables
in complex network configurations, such as parallel lines, multi-terminal lines and
so on.
6.9.2
Principle of operation
6.9.2.1
L2-N
L3-N
L1-L2
L2-L3
L3-L1
Zone 1
L1-N
L2-N
L3-N
L1-L2
L2-L3
L3-L1
Zone 2
L1-N
L2-N
L3-N
L1-L2
L2-L3
L3-L1
Zone 3
L1-N
L2-N
L3-N
L1-L2
L2-L3
L3-L1
Zone 4
L1-N
L2-N
L3-N
L1-L2
L2-L3
L3-L1
Zone 5
en05000458.vsd
IEC05000458 V1 EN
Figure 159:
The use of full scheme technique gives faster operation time compared to switched
schemes which mostly uses a start element to select correct voltages and current
depending on fault type. Each distance protection zone performs like one
independent distance protection IED with six measuring elements.
6.9.2.2
Impedance characteristic
The distance measuring zone includes six impedance measuring loops; three
intended for phase-to-earth faults, and three intended for phase-to-phase as well as,
three-phase faults.
The distance measuring zone will essentially operate according to the nondirectional impedance characteristics presented in figure 77 and figure 78. The phaseto-earth characteristic is illustrated with the full loop reach while the phase-tophase characteristic presents the per phase reach.
275
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
X (Ohm/loop)
R1PE+Rn
RFPE
RFPE
X1PE+Xn
jN
RFPE
Xn =
X0PE-X1PE
3
Rn =
R0PE-R1PE
3
jN
R (Ohm/loop)
RFPE
X1PE+Xn
RFPE
RFPE
en08000280-2-en.vsd
R1PE+Rn
IEC08000280 V1 EN
Figure 160:
276
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
RFPP
(Ohm/phase)
R1PP
RFPP
X 0 PE - X 1RVPE
XNRV =XX00PE
PG- 1RVPG
X3
1XRVPE
XNRV
=
XNRV =
33
X
0
PE
--1X
11FWPE
X
0
PE
X 0 PG X
XFWPE
FWPG
XNFW
XNFW
XNFW===
3 33
X1PP
R (Ohm/phase)
RFPP
RFPP
X1PP
RFPP
2
R1PP
RFPP
2
en07000062.vsd
IEC07000062 V2 EN
Figure 161:
The fault loop reach with respect to each fault type may also be presented as in
figure 79. Note in particular the difference in definition regarding the (fault)
resistive reach for phase-to-phase faults and three-phase faults.
277
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
UL1
IL1
R1 + j X1
Phase-to-earth
fault in phase L1
Phase-to-earth
element
RFPE
(Arc + tower
resistance)
0
Phase-to-phase
fault in phase
L1-L2
UL1
IN
(R0-R1)/3 +
j (X0-X1)/3 )
IL1
R1 + j X1
Phase-to-phase
element L1-L2
RFPP
IL2
(Arc resistance)
UL2
R1 + j X1
UL1
Three-phase
fault
IL1
R1 + j X1
0.5RFPP
R1 + j X1
0.5RFPP
Phase-to-phase
element L1-L3
IL3
UL3
IEC08000282-2-en.vsd
IEC08000282 V2 EN
Figure 162:
The R1 and jX1 in figure 79 represents the positive sequence impedance from the
measuring point to the fault location. The settings RFPE and RFPP are the
eventual fault resistances in the faulty place.
Regarding the illustration of three-phase fault in figure 79, there is of course fault
current flowing also in the third phase during a three-phase fault. The illustration
merely reflects the loop measurement, which is made phase-to-phase.
The zone can be set to operate in Non-directional, Forward or Reverse direction
through the setting OperationDir. The result from respective set value is illustrated
in figure 80. The impedance reach is symmetric, in the sense that it conforms for
forward and reverse direction. Therefore, all reach settings apply to both directions.
278
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Non-directional
Forward
Reverse
en05000182.vsd
IEC05000182 V1 EN
Figure 163:
6.9.2.3
6.9.2.4
Measuring principles
Fault loop equations use the complex values of voltage, current, and changes in the
current. Apparent impedances are calculated and compared with the set limits. The
279
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
EQUATION1222 V1 EN
Here U and I represent the corresponding voltage and current phasors in the
respective phase Ln (n = 1, 2, 3)
The earth return compensation applies in a conventional manner to phase-to-earth
faults (example for a phase L1 to earth fault) according to equation 5.
U L1
Z app = -----------------------------I L1 + I N KN
(Equation 55)
EQUATION1223 V1 EN
Where:
UL1, IL1 and IN
are the phase voltage, phase current and residual current present to the IED
KN is defined as:
KN =
Z0 - Z1
3 Z1
EQUATION 2105 V1 EN
Z 0 = R0 + jX 0
EQUATION2106 V1 EN
Z1 = R1 + jX 1
EQUATION2107 V1 EN
Where
R0
X0
R1
X1
Here IN is a phasor of the residual current in IED point. This results in the same
reach along the line for all types of faults.
The apparent impedance is considered as an impedance loop with resistance R and
reactance X.
280
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
The formula given in equation 5 is only valid for radial feeder application without
load. When load is considered in the case of single phase-to-earth fault,
conventional distance protection might overreach at exporting end and underreach
at importing end. The IED has an adaptive load compensation which increases the
security in such applications.
Measuring elements receive current and voltage information from the A/D
converter. The check sums are calculated and compared, and the information is
distributed into memory locations. For each of the six supervised fault loops,
sampled values of voltage (U), current (I), and changes in current between samples
(DI) are brought from the input memory and fed to a recursive Fourier filter.
The filter provides two orthogonal values for each input. These values are related
to the loop impedance according to equation 6,
X Di
U = R i + ------ ----w 0 Dt
EQUATION1224 V1 EN
(Equation 56)
(Equation 57)
X DIm ( I )
Im ( U ) = R Im ( I ) + ------ ----------------w0
Dt
EQUATION355 V1 EN
(Equation 58)
with
w0 = 2 p f 0
EQUATION356 V1 EN
(Equation 59)
where:
Re
Im
f0
The algorithm calculates Rmmeasured resistance from the equation for the real
value of the voltage and substitutes it in the equation for the imaginary part. The
equation for the Xm measured reactance can then be solved. The final result is
equal to:
281
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Im ( U ) DRe ( I ) Re ( U ) D Im ( I )
R m = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------DRe ( I ) Im ( I ) D Im ( I ) Re ( I )
(Equation 60)
EQUATION357 V1 EN
Re ( U ) Im ( I ) Im ( U ) Re ( I )
Xm = w 0 Dt ------------------------------------------------------------------------------DRe ( I ) Im ( I ) DIm ( I ) Re ( I )
(Equation 61)
EQUATION358 V1 EN
The calculated Rm and Xm values are updated each sample and compared with the
set zone reach. The adaptive tripping counter counts the number of permissive
tripping results. This effectively removes any influence of errors introduced by the
capacitive voltage transformers or by other factors.
The directional evaluations are performed simultaneously in both forward and
reverse directions, and in all six fault loops. Positive sequence voltage and a phase
locked positive sequence memory voltage are used as a reference. This ensures
unlimited directional sensitivity for faults close to the IED point.
6.9.2.5
< ArgNeg Re s
(Equation 62)
EQUATION725 V2 EN
For the L1-L2 element, the equation in forward direction is according to.
- ArgDir < arg
< ArgNeg Re s
(Equation 63)
EQUATION726 V2 EN
where:
ArgDir
is the setting for the lower boundary of the forward directional characteristic, by default
set to 15 (= -15 degrees) and
ArgNegRes is the setting for the upper boundary of the forward directional characteristic, by default
set to 115 degrees, see figure 81.
U1L1
U1L1M
IL1
U1L1L2
U1L1L2M
IL1L2
282
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
The setting of ArgDir and ArgNegRes is by default set to 15 (= -15) and 115
degrees respectively (as shown in figure 81). It should not be changed unless
system studies have shown the necessity.
ZDRDIR gives binary coded directional information per measuring loop on the
output STDIRCND.
STDIR=
STFWL1*1+STFWL2*2+STFWL3*4+STFWL1L2*8+
+STFWL2L3*16+STFWL3L1*32+STRVL1*64+STRVL2*128+
+STRVL3*256+STRVL1L2*512+STRVL2L3*1024+STRVL3L1*2048
ArgNegRes
ArgDir
en05000722.vsd
IEC05000722 V1 EN
Figure 164:
Section 6
Impedance protection
If the current is still above the set value of the minimum operating current
(between 10 and 30% of the set IED rated current IBase), the condition seals in.
6.9.2.6
If the current decreases below the minimum operating value, the memory
resets until the positive sequence voltage exceeds 10% of its rated value.
The design of the distance protection zones are presented for all measuring loops:
phase-to-earth as well as phase-to-phase.
Phase-to-earth related signals are designated by L1N, L2N and L3N.. The phase-tophase signals are designated by L1L2, L2L3, and L3L1.
Fulfillment of two different measuring conditions is necessary to obtain the one
logical signal for each separate measuring loop:
The STCND input signal represents a connection of six different integer values
from Phase selection with load encroachment, quadrilateral characteristic function
FRPSPDIS within the IED, which are converted within the zone measuring
function into corresponding boolean expressions for each condition separately.
Input signal STCND is connected to FRPSPDISfunction output STCNDZ.
The input signal DIRCND is used to give condition for directionality for the
distance measuring zones. The signal contains binary coded information for both
forward and reverse direction. The zone measurement function filter out the
relevant signals depending on the setting of the parameter OperationDir. It must be
configured to the STDIRCND output on directional function ZDRDIR function.
284
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
IEC99000557-TIFF V1 EN
Figure 165:
Composition of the phase start signals for a case, when the zone operates in a nondirectional mode, is presented in figure 83.
IEC00000488-TIFF V1 EN
Figure 166:
Section 6
Impedance protection
Results of the directional measurement enter the logic circuits, when the zone
operates in directional (forward or reverse) mode, as shown in figure 84.
STNDL1N
DIRL1N
AND
OR
STNDL2N
DIRL2N
AND
STNDL3N
OR
DIRL3N
AND
STNDL1L2
DIRL1L2
AND
STNDL2L3
DIRL2L3
AND
STNDL3L1
DIRL3L1
STZMPE.
AND
OR
OR
AND
15 ms
t
STL1
AND
15 ms
t
STL2
AND
15 ms
t
STL3
AND
OR
STZMPP
AND
BLK
OR
AND
15 ms
t
START
IEC09000888-1-en.vsd
IEC09000888 V1 EN
Figure 167:
Tripping conditions for the distance protection zone one are symbolically presented
in figure 85.
286
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Timer tPP=On
tPP
t
AND
STZMPP
OR
Timer tPE=On
AND
STZMPE
tPE
t
AND
OR
AND
15ms
TRIP
BLKTR
AND
STL1
AND
TRL1
STL2
AND
TRL2
STL3
AND
TRL3
en00000490.vsd
IEC09000887 V1 EN
Figure 168:
6.9.3
Function block
ZMRPDIS
I3P*
U3P*
BLOCK
BLKZ
BLKTR
STCND
DIRCND
TRIP
TRL1
TRL2
TRL3
START
STL1
STL2
STL3
STND
IEC08000248-1-en.vsd
IEC08000248 V1 EN
Figure 169:
287
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
ZMRAPDIS
I3P*
U3P*
BLOCK
BLKZ
BLKTR
STCND
DIRCND
TRIP
TRL1
TRL2
TRL3
START
STL1
STL2
STL3
STND
IEC08000290_1_en.vsd
IEC08000290 V1 EN
Figure 170:
I3P*
U3P*
STDIRCND
IEC09000639-1-en.vsd
IEC09000639 V1 EN
6.9.4
Default
Description
I3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
BLKZ
BOOLEAN
BLKTR
BOOLEAN
STCND
INTEGER
DIRCND
INTEGER
Table 147:
Name
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
TRL1
BOOLEAN
TRL2
BOOLEAN
TRL3
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
STL1
BOOLEAN
STL2
BOOLEAN
STL3
BOOLEAN
STND
BOOLEAN
288
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Table 148:
Name
Default
Description
I3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
BLKZ
BOOLEAN
BLKTR
BOOLEAN
STCND
INTEGER
DIRCND
INTEGER
Table 149:
Name
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
TRL1
BOOLEAN
TRL2
BOOLEAN
TRL3
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
STL1
BOOLEAN
STL2
BOOLEAN
STL3
BOOLEAN
STND
BOOLEAN
Table 150:
Name
Type
Default
Description
I3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
Table 151:
Name
STDIRCND
Description
Binary coded directional information per
measuring loop
289
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.9.5
Table 152:
Name
Setting parameters
ZMRPDIS Group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
On
Operation Off / On
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
OperationDir
Off
Non-directional
Forward
Reverse
Forward
X1PP
0.10 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
30.00
R1PP
0.01 - 1000.00
ohm/p
0.01
5.00
RFPP
0.10 - 3000.00
ohm/l
0.01
30.00
X1PE
0.10 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
30.00
R1PE
0.01 - 1000.00
ohm/p
0.01
5.00
X0PE
0.10 - 9000.00
ohm/p
0.01
100.00
R0PE
0.01 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
15.00
RFPE
0.10 - 9000.00
ohm/l
0.01
100.00
OperationPP
Off
On
On
Timer tPP
Off
On
On
tPP
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
OperationPE
Off
On
On
Timer tPE
Off
On
On
tPE
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
IMinOpPP
10 - 1000
%IB
20
IMinOpPE
10 - 1000
%IB
20
IMinOpIN
5 - 1000
%IB
290
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Table 153:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
On
Operation Off / On
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
OperationDir
Off
Non-directional
Forward
Reverse
Forward
X1PP
0.10 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
30.00
R1PP
0.01 - 1000.00
ohm/p
0.01
5.00
RFPP
0.10 - 3000.00
ohm/l
0.01
30.00
X1PE
0.10 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
30.00
R1PE
0.01 - 1000.00
ohm/p
0.01
5.00
X0PE
0.10 - 9000.00
ohm/p
0.01
100.00
R0PE
0.01 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
15.00
RFPE
0.10 - 9000.00
ohm/l
0.01
100.00
OperationPP
Off
On
On
Timer tPP
Off
On
On
tPP
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
OperationPE
Off
On
On
Timer tPE
Off
On
On
tPE
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
IMinOpPP
10 - 1000
%IB
20
IMinOpPE
10 - 1000
%IB
20
Table 154:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
IMinOpPP
5 - 30
%IB
10
291
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
IMinOpPE
5 - 30
%IB
ArgNegRes
90 - 175
Deg
115
ArgDir
5 - 45
Deg
15
6.9.6
Technical data
Table 155:
Function
6.10
Range or value
Accuracy
Number of zones
(5-1000)% of IBase
(10-1000)% of IBase
(0.10-3000.00) /
phase
(0.01-1000.00) /
phase
(0.10-9000.00) /
phase
(0.01-3000.00) /
phase
(0.10-9000.00) /loop
(0.10-3000.00) /loop
Dynamic overreach
<5% at 85 degrees
measured with CVTs
and 0.5<SIR<30
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
Operate time
24 ms typically
Reset ratio
105% typically
Reset time
30 ms typically
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
FRPSPDIS
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
21
Z<phs
SYMBOL-DD V1 EN
292
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.10.1
Introduction
The operation of transmission networks today is in many cases close to the stability
limit. Due to environmental considerations, the rate of expansion and
reinforcement of the power system is reduced, for example, difficulties to get
permission to build new power lines. The ability to accurately and reliably classify
the different types of fault, so that single pole tripping and autoreclosing can be
used plays an important role in this matter. Phase selection, quadrilateral
characteristic with settable angle FRPSPDIS is designed to accurately select the
proper fault loop in the distance function dependent on the fault type.
The heavy load transfer that is common in many transmission networks may make
fault resistance coverage difficult to achieve. Therefore, FRPSPDIS has a built-in
algorithm for load encroachment, which gives the possibility to enlarge the
resistive setting of both the phase selection and the measuring zones without
interfering with the load.
The extensive output signals from the phase selection gives also important
information about faulty phase(s) which can be used for fault analysis.
A current-based phase selection is also included. The measuring elements
continuously measure three phase currents and the residual current and, compare
them with the set values.
6.10.2
Principle of operation
The basic impedance algorithm for the operation of the phase selection measuring
elements is the same as for the distance zone measuring function. Phase selection,
quadrilateral characteristic with settable angle (FRPSPDIS) includes six impedance
measuring loops; three intended for phase-to-earth faults, and three intended for
phase-to-phase as well as for three-phase faults.
The difference, compared to the distance zone measuring function, is in the
combination of the measuring quantities (currents and voltages) for different types
of faults.
The characteristic is basically non-directional, but FRPSPDIS uses information
from the directional function ZDRDIR to discriminate whether the fault is in
forward or reverse direction.
The start condition STCNDZ is essentially based on the following criteria:
Residual current criteria, that is, separation of faults with and without earth
connection
Regular quadrilateral impedance characteristic
Load encroachment characteristics is always active but can be switched off by
selecting a high setting.
293
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Non-directional (ND)
Forward (FW)
Reverse (RV)
en08000286.vsd
IEC08000286 V1 EN
Figure 171:
The setting of the load encroachment function may influence the total operating
characteristic, for more information, refer to section "Load encroachment".
The input DIRCND contains binary coded information about the directional
coming from the directional function ZDRDIR. It shall be connected to the STDIR
output on ZDRDIR. This information is also transferred to the input DIRCND on
the distance measuring zones, that is, the ZMRPDIS block.
The code built up for the directionality is as follows:
294
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
STDIR=
STFWL1*1+STFWL2*2+STFWL3*4+STFWL1L2*8+
+STFWL2L3*16+STFWL3L1*32+STRVL1*64+STRVL2*128+
+STRVL3*256+STRVL1L2*512+STRVL2L3*1024+STRVL3L1*2048
6.10.2.1
Phase-to-earth fault
For a phase-to-earth fault, the measured impedance by FRPSPDIS is according to
equation 24.
Index PHS in images and equations reference settings for Phase
selection, quadrilateral characteristic with settable angle
(FRPSPDIS).
ZPHSn =
ULn
ILn
EQUATION1255 V1 EN
(Equation 64)
where:
n
295
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
RN =
R 0 PE - R1PE
3
(Equation 65)
EQUATION 2125 V1 EN
RN =
R0 - R1
3
(Equation 65)
EQUATION1256 V1 EN
XN =
X 0 - X1
3
(Equation 66)
EQUATION1257 V1 EN
X (ohm/loop)
R1PE+RN
RFRvPE
RFFwPE
X1+XN
RFFwPE
R (Ohm/loop)
RFRvPE
X1+XN
RFFwPE
RFRvPE
R1PE+RN
IEC09000633-1-en.vsd
IEC09000633 V1 EN
Figure 172:
Besides this, the 3I0 residual current must fulfil the conditions according to
equation 27 and equation 28.
3 I0 0.5 IMinOpPE
EQUATION2108 V1 EN
(Equation 67)
296
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
3 I0 INReleasePE
------------------------------------ Iphmax
100
(Equation 68)
EQUATION766 V1 EN
where:
IMinOpPE
INReleasePE is the setting for the minimum residual current needed to enable operation in the phaseto-earth fault loops (in %).
Iphmax
6.10.2.2
Phase-to-phase fault
For a phase-to-phase fault, the measured impedance by FRPSPDIS is according to
equation 29.
ZPHS =
ULm - ULn
-2 ILn
EQUATION1258 V1 EN
(Equation 69)
ULm is the leading phase voltage, ULn the lagging phase voltage and ILn the
phase current in the lagging phase n.
The operation characteristic is shown in figure 105.
297
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
X (ohm/phase)
0.5FRvPP
R1PP 0.5RFFwPP
X1
0.5RFFwPP
R (ohm/phase)
0.5RFRvPP
0.5RFRvPP
R1PP
X1
0.5RFFwPP
IEC09000634-1-en.vsd
IEC09000634 V1 EN
Figure 173:
In the same way as the condition for phase-to-earth fault, there are current
conditions that have to be fulfilled in order to release the phase-to-phase loop.
Those are according to equation 30 or equation 31.
3I 0 < IMinOpPE
(Equation 70)
EQUATION2109 V1 EN
3I 0 <
INBlockPP
Iph max
100
(Equation 71)
EQUATION2110 V1 EN
where:
IMinOpPE
298
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.10.2.3
Three-phase faults
The operation conditions for three-phase faults are the same as for phase-to-phase
fault, that is equation 29, equation 30 and equation 31 are used to release the
operation of the function.
However, the reach is expanded by a factor 2/3 (approximately 1.1547) in all
directions. At the same time the characteristic is rotated 30 degrees, counterclockwise. The characteristic is shown in figure 106.
X (ohm/phase)
4 X1PP
3
0.5RFFwPPK3
X1K3
30 deg
RFwPP
2
3
R (ohm/phase)
0.5RFRvPPK3
K3 = 2 / sqrt(3)
30 deg
IEC09000635-1-en.vsd
IEC09000635 V2 EN
Figure 174:
6.10.2.4
Load encroachment
Each of the six measuring loops has its own load encroachment characteristic based
on the corresponding loop impedance. The load encroachment functionality is
always active, but can be switched off by selecting a high setting.
299
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
RLdFw
ArgLd
ArgLd
ArgLd
RLdRv
ArgLd
IEC09000042-1-en.vsd
IEC09000042 V1 EN
Figure 175:
300
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
STCNDZ
STCNDLE
IEC10000099-1en.vsd
IEC10000099 V1 EN
Figure 176:
When FRPSPDIS is set to operate together with a distance measuring zone the
resultant operate characteristic could look like in figure 109. The figure shows a
distance measuring zone operating in forward direction. Thus, the operating area of
the zone together with the load encroachment is highlighted in black.
301
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
X
"Phase selection"
"quadrilateral" zone
Distance measuring zone
Load encroachment
characteristic
R
Directional line
en05000673.vsd
IEC05000673 V1 EN
Figure 177:
Figure 109 is valid for phase-to-earth. During a three-phase fault, or load, when the
quadrilateral phase-to-phase characteristic is subject to enlargement and rotation
the operate area is transformed according to figure 110. Notice in particular what
happens with the resistive blinders of the "phase selection" "quadrilateral" zone.
Due to the 30-degree rotation, the angle of the blinder in quadrant one is now 100
degrees instead of the original 70 degrees (if the angle setting is 70 degrees). The
blinder that is nominally located to quadrant four will at the same time tilt outwards
and increase the resistive reach around the R-axis. Consequently, it will be more or
less necessary to use the load encroachment characteristic in order to secure a
margin to the load impedance.
302
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
X (W /
phase)
Phase selection
Quadrilateral zone
R (W /
phase)
IEC09000049-1-en.vsd
IEC09000049 V1 EN
Figure 178:
Operating characteristic for FRPSPDIS in forward direction for threephase fault, ohm/phase domain
The result from rotation of the load characteristic at a fault between two phases is
presented in fig 111. Since the load characteristic is based on the same
measurement as the quadrilateral characteristic, it will rotate with the quadrilateral
characteristic clockwise by 30 degrees when subject to a pure phase-to-phase fault.
At the same time the characteristic will "shrink" by 2/3, from the full RLdFw and
RLdRv reach, which is valid at load or three-phase fault.
303
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
IEC08000437.vsd
IEC08000437 V1 EN
Figure 179:
6.10.2.5
304
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.10.2.6
3I 0 0.5 IMinOpPE
&
INReleasePE
3I 0
Iphmax
100
IRELPE
15 ms
t
&
&
Bool to
integer
BLOCK
3I 0 < IMinOpPE
OR
INBlockPP
3I 0 <
Iphmax
100
STPE
&
10 ms 20 ms
t
t
&
15 ms
t
STCNDLE
STPP
IRELPP
IEC09000149_1_en.vsd
IEC09000149 V1 EN
Figure 180:
305
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
INDL1N
INDL2N
INDL3N
OR
15 ms
t
STNDPE
OR
15 ms
t
STNDL1
OR
15 ms
t
STNDL2
AND
OR
15 ms
t
STNDL3
AND
INDL1L2
IRELPE
ZML1N
ZML2N
ZML3N
ZML1L2
ZML2L3
ZML3L1
IRELPP
AND
AND
AND
INDL2L3
AND
INDL3L1
OR
15 ms
t
STNDPP
IEC00000545_2_en.vsd
IEC00000545-TIFF V2 EN
Figure 181:
306
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
INDL1N
DRVL1N
AND
INDL1L2
DRVL1L2
AND
OR
15 ms
t
STRVL1
OR
15 ms
t
STRVPE
OR
15 ms
t
STRVL2
INDL3L1
DRVL3L1
AND
INDL2N
DRVL2N
AND
INDL1L2
AND
INDL2L3
DRVL2L3
INDL1N
INDL2N
INDL3N
INDL1L2
INDL2L3
INDL3L1
AND
INDL3N
DRVL3N
AND
INDL2L3
Bool to
integer
15 ms
AND
OR
INDL3L1
AND
15 ms
OR
STCNDZ
STRVL3
STRVPP
IEC00000546_2_en.vsd
IEC00000546-TIFF V2 EN
Figure 182:
307
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
AND
INDL1N
DFWL1N
AND
AND
OR
15 ms
t
INDL1L2
DFWL1L2
AND
OR
INDL3L1
DFWL3L1
DFWL2N
OR
15 ms
t
STFWL1
15 ms
t
STFWPE
15 ms
t
STFWL2
15 ms
t
STFW2PH
AND
AND
INDL1L2
AND
OR
INDL2L3
DFWL2L3
STFW1PH
AND
AND
INDL2N
15 ms
t
AND
OR
15 ms
t
AND
INDL3N
DFWL3N
AND
AND
INDL2L3
AND
15 ms
t
STFWL3
15 ms
t
STFW3PH
15 ms
t
STFWPP
OR
INDL3L1
AND
AND
OR
IEC05000201_2_en.vsd
IEC05000201 V2 EN
Figure 183:
Figure116 presents the composition of output signals TRIP and START, where
internal signals STNDPP, STFWPP and STRVPP are the equivalent to internal
signals STNDPE, STFWPE and STRVPE, but for the phase-to-phase loops.
308
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
TimerPP=Off
tPP
t
AND
OR
TimerPE=Off
tPE
t
AND
AND
OR
TRIP
AND
STNDPP
STFWPP
OR
STRVPP
OR
STNDPE
STFWPE
START
OR
STRVPE
IEC08000441_2_en.vsd
IEC08000441 1 V2 EN
Figure 184:
6.10.3
Function block
FRPSPDIS
I3P*
U3P*
BLOCK
DIRCND
TRIP
START
STFWL1
STFWL2
STFWL3
STFWPE
STRVL1
STRVL2
STRVL3
STRVPE
STNDL1
STNDL2
STNDL3
STNDPE
STFW1PH
STFW2PH
STFW3PH
STPE
STPP
STCNDZ
STCNDLE
IEC08000430-2-en.vsd
IEC08000430 V2 EN
Figure 185:
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.10.4
Default
Description
I3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
DIRCND
INTEGER
Table 157:
Name
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
Trip output
START
BOOLEAN
STFWL1
BOOLEAN
STFWL2
BOOLEAN
STFWL3
BOOLEAN
STFWPE
BOOLEAN
STRVL1
BOOLEAN
STRVL2
BOOLEAN
STRVL3
BOOLEAN
STRVPE
BOOLEAN
STNDL1
BOOLEAN
STNDL2
BOOLEAN
STNDL3
BOOLEAN
STNDPE
BOOLEAN
STFW1PH
BOOLEAN
STFW2PH
BOOLEAN
STFW3PH
BOOLEAN
STPE
BOOLEAN
STPP
BOOLEAN
STCNDZ
INTEGER
STCNDLE
INTEGER
310
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.10.5
Table 158:
Setting parameters
FRPSPDIS Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.01
400.00
INBlockPP
10 - 100
%IPh
40
INReleasePE
10 - 100
%IPh
20
RLdFw
1.00 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
80.00
RLdRv
1.00 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
80.00
ArgLd
5 - 70
Deg
30
X1
0.50 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
40.00
R1PP
0.10 - 1000.00
ohm/p
0.01
15.00
R1PE
0.10 - 1000.00
ohm/p
0.01
1.50
X0
0.50 - 9000.00
ohm/p
0.01
120.00
R0PE
0.50 - 3000.00
ohm/p
0.01
5.00
RFFwPP
0.50 - 3000.00
ohm/l
0.01
30.00
RFRvPP
0.50 - 3000.00
ohm/l
0.01
30.00
RFFwPE
1.00 - 9000.00
ohm/l
0.01
100.00
RFRvPE
1.00 - 9000.00
ohm/l
0.01
100.00
IMinOpPP
5 - 500
%IB
10
IMinOpPE
5 - 500
%IB
Table 159:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
TimerPP
Off
On
Off
tPP
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
3.000
TimerPE
Off
On
Off
tPE
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
3.000
311
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.10.6
Technical data
Table 160:
Function
6.11
Range or value
Accuracy
(5-500)% of IBase
(0.503000.00) /phase
(0.101000.00) /phase
(0.509000.00) /phase
(0.503000.00) /phase
(1.009000.00) /loop
(0.503000.00) /loop
(1.003000.00) /phase
(5-70) degrees
Reset ratio
105% typically
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
ZMRPSB
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
68
Zpsb
SYMBOL-EE V1 EN
6.11.1
Introduction
Power swings may occur after disconnection of heavy loads or trip of big
generation plants.
Power swing detection function (ZMRPSB) is used to detect power swings and
initiate block of selected distance protection zones. Occurrence of earth-fault
currents during a power swing inhibits the ZMRPSB function to allow fault clearance.
6.11.2
Principle of operation
Power swing detection (ZMRPSB ) function comprises an inner and an outer
quadrilateral measurement characteristic with load encroachment, as shown in
figure 186.
312
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Its principle of operation is based on the measurement of the time it takes for a
power swing transient impedance to pass through the impedance area between the
outer and the inner characteristics. Power swings are identified by transition times
longer than a transition time set on corresponding timers. The impedance
measuring principle is the same as that used for the distance protection zones. The
impedance and the characteristic passing times are measured in all three phases
separately.
One-out-of-three or two-out-of-three operating modes can be selected according to
the specific system operating conditions.
jX
X1OutFw
X1InFw
DRv
R1LIn
ZL
DFw
j
R1FInRv
R1FInFw
DFw
ArgLd
DRv
ArgLd
DFw
DFw
R
DFw
DRv
DFw
RLdInRv RLdInFw
DRv
j
RLdOutRv RLdOutFw
DRv
X1InRv
X1OutRv
IEC09000222_1_en.vsd
IEC09000222 V1 EN
Figure 186:
ULn
Rset
Re
ILn
EQUATION1183 V2 EN
(Equation 72)
313
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
ULn
Im
Xset
n
I
L
EQUATION1184 V2 EN
(Equation 73)
6.11.2.1
RLdInFw = kLdRFwRLdOutFw
EQUATION1185 V2 EN
(Equation 74)
where:
The slope of the load encroachment inner and outer boundary is defined by setting
the parameter ArgLd.
The load encroachment in the fourth quadrant uses the same settings as in the first
quadrant (same ArgLd and RLdOutFw and calculated value RLdInFw).
The quadrilateral characteristic in the first quadrant is tilted to get a better
adaptation to the distance measuring zones. The angle is the same as the line angle
and derived from the setting of the reactive reach inner boundary X1InFw and the
line resistance for the inner boundary R1LIn. The fault resistance coverage for the
inner boundary is set by the parameter R1FInFw.
From the setting parameter RLdOutFw and the calculated value RLdInFw a
distance between the inner and outer boundary, DFw, is calculated. This value is
valid for R direction in first and fourth quadrant and for X direction in first and
second quadrant.
6.11.2.2
314
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
RLdInRv = kLdRRvRLdOutRv
EQUATION1187 V2 EN
(Equation 75)
where:
From the setting parameter RLdOutRv and the calculated value RLdInRv, a
distance between the inner and outer boundary, DRv, is calculated. This value is
valid for R direction in second and third quadrant and for X direction in third and
fourth quadrant.
The inner resistive characteristic in the second quadrant outside the load
encroachment part corresponds to the setting parameter R1FInRv for the inner
boundary. The outer boundary is internally calculated as the sum of DRv+R1FInRv.
The inner resistive characteristic in the third quadrant outside the load
encroachment zone consist of the sum of the settings R1FInRv and the line
resistance R1LIn. The argument of the tilted lines outside the load encroachment is
the same as the tilted lines in the first quadrant. The distance between the inner and
outer boundary is the same as for the load encroachment in reverse direction, that is
DRv.
6.11.2.3
The inner characteristic for the reactive reach in reverse direction correspond to the
setting parameter X1InRv for the inner boundary and the outer boundary is defined
as X1InRv + DRv.
where:
DRv = RLdOutRv - KLdRRv RLdOutRv
6.11.2.4
Section 6
Impedance protection
Signals ZOUTLn (outer boundary) and ZINLn (inner boundary) in figure 187 are
related to the operation of the impedance measuring elements in each phase
separately (n represents the corresponding L1, L2 and L3). They are internal
signals, calculated by ZMRPSB function.
The tP1 timer in figure 187 serve as detection of initial power swings, which are
usually not as fast as the later swings are. The tP2 timer become activated for the
detection of the consecutive swings, if the measured impedance exit the operate
area and returns within the time delay, set on the tW waiting timer. The upper part
of figure 187 (internal input signal ZOUTL1, ZINL1, AND-gates and tP-timers)
are duplicated for phase L2 and L3. All tP1 and tP2 timers in the figure have the
same settings.
ZOUTL1
ZINL1
0-tP1
0
AND
AND
0-tP2
0
OR
-loop
AND
ZOUTL2
ZOUTL3
detected
-loop
OR
AND
DET-L1
OR
0
0-tW
IEC05000113-2-en.vsd
IEC05000113 V2 EN
Figure 187:
316
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
DET-L1
DET-L2
DET-L3
DET1of3 - int.
>1
&
>1
&
DET2of3 - int.
&
IEC01000057-2-en.vsd
IEC01000057-TIFF V2 EN
Figure 188:
ZOUTL1
ZOUT
OR
ZOUTL2
ZINL1
ZOUTL3
TRSP
ZIN
OR
ZINL2
AND
ZINL3
tEF
AND
I0CHECK
AND
BLKI02
10 ms
t
OR
tR1
AND
INHIBIT
OR
-loop
tR2
AND
BLKI01
BLOCK
-loop
DET1of3 - int.
REL1PH
BLK1PH
DET2of3 - int.
REL2PH
BLK2PH
AND
tH
OR
AND
t
OR
AND
START
EXTERNAL
en05000114.vsd
IEC05000114 V1 EN
Figure 189:
317
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.11.2.5
318
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.11.3
Function block
ZMRPSB
I3P*
U3P*
BLOCK
BLKI01
BLKI02
BLK1PH
REL1PH
BLK2PH
REL2PH
I0CHECK
TRSP
EXTERNAL
START
ZOUT
ZIN
IEC06000264-2-en.vsd
IEC06000264 V2 EN
Figure 190:
6.11.4
Default
Description
I3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
BLKI01
BOOLEAN
BLKI02
BOOLEAN
BLK1PH
BOOLEAN
REL1PH
BOOLEAN
BLK2PH
BOOLEAN
REL2PH
BOOLEAN
I0CHECK
BOOLEAN
TRSP
BOOLEAN
EXTERNAL
BOOLEAN
Table 162:
Name
Description
START
BOOLEAN
ZOUT
BOOLEAN
ZIN
BOOLEAN
319
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.11.5
Table 163:
Name
Setting parameters
ZMRPSB Group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
X1InFw
0.10 - 3000.00
ohm
0.01
30.00
R1LIn
0.10 - 1000.00
ohm
0.01
30.00
R1FInFw
0.10 - 1000.00
ohm
0.01
30.00
X1InRv
0.10 - 3000.00
ohm
0.01
30.00
R1FInRv
0.10 - 1000.00
ohm
0.01
30.00
OperationLdCh
Off
On
On
RLdOutFw
0.10 - 3000.00
ohm
0.01
30.00
ArgLd
5 - 70
Deg
25
RLdOutRv
0.10 - 3000.00
ohm
0.01
30.00
kLdRFw
0.50 - 0.90
Mult
0.01
0.75
kLdRRv
0.50 - 0.90
Mult
0.01
0.75
tEF
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
3.000
IMinOpPE
5 - 30
%IB
10
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
Table 164:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
tP1
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.045
tP2
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.015
tW
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.250
tH
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.500
tR1
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.300
tR2
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
2.000
Step
Default
Description
320
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.11.6
Technical data
Table 165:
Function
6.12
Range or value
Reactive reach
(0.10-3000.00) W/phase
Resistive reach
(0.101000.00)W/loop
Timers
(0.000-60.000) s
6.12.1
Accuracy
IEC 61850
identification
ZMRPSL
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
-
Introduction
Power Swing Logic (ZMRPSL) is a complementary function to Power Swing
Detection (ZMRPSB) function. It provides possibility for selective tripping of
faults on power lines during system oscillations (power swings or pole slips), when
the distance protection function should normally be blocked. The complete logic
consists of two different parts:
6.12.2
Principle of operation
6.12.2.1
321
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
STDEF
AR1P1
&
STPSD
BLOCK
&
tCS
t
&
tTrip
tBlkTr
t
CS
CSUR
&
BLKZMPS
t
CACC
CR
&
>1
TRIP
en06000236.vsd
IEC06000236 V1 EN
Figure 191:
The complete logic remains blocked as long as there is a logical one on the
BLOCK functional input signal. Presence of the logical one on the STDEF
functional input signal also blocks the logic as long as this block is not released by
the logical one on the AR1P1 functional input signal. The functional output signal
BLKZMPS remains logical one as long as the function is not blocked externally
(BLOCK is logical zero) and the earth-fault is detected on protected line (STDEF
is logical one), which is connected in three-phase mode (AR1P1 is logical zero).
Timer tBlkTr prolongs the duration of this blocking condition, if the measured
impedance remains within the operate area of the Power Swing Detection
(ZMRPSB) function (STPSD input active). The BLKZMPS can be used to block
the operation of the power-swing zones.
Logical one on functional input CSUR, which is normally connected to the TRIP
functional output of a power swing carrier sending zone, activates functional output
CS, if the function is not blocked by one of the above conditions. It also activates
the TRIP functional output.
Initiation of the CS functional output is possible only, if the STPSD input has been
active longer than the time delay set on the security timer tCS.
Simultaneous presence of the functional input signals PLTR_CRD and CR (local
trip condition) also activates the TRIP functional output, if the function is not
blocked by one of the above conditions and the STPSD signal has been present
longer then the time delay set on the trip timer tTrip.
6.12.2.2
Blocking logic
Figure 192 presents the logical circuits, which control the operation of the
underreaching zone (zone 1) at power swings, caused by the faults and their
clearance on the remote power lines.
322
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
&
BLKZMH
&
STZML
BLOCK
STMZH
STZMPSD
STPSD
tZL
t
&
&
tDZ
t
&
>1
STZMLL
>1
&
-loop
en06000237.vsd
IEC06000237 V1 EN
Figure 192:
The logic is disabled by a logical one on functional input BLOCK. It can start only
if the following conditions are simultaneously fulfilled:
STPSD functional input signal must be a logical zero. This means, that Power
swing detection (ZMRPSB) function must not detect power swinging over the
protected power line.
STZMPSD functional input must be a logical one. This means that the
impedance must be detected within the external boundary of ZMRPSB function.
STZMOR functional input must be a logical one. This means that the fault
must be detected by the overreaching distance protection zone, for example
zone 2.
The STZMURPS functional output, which can be used in complete terminal logic
instead of a normal distance protection zone 1, becomes active under the following
conditions:
The BLKZMOR functional output signal can be used to block the operation of the
higher distance protection zone, if the fault has moved into the zone 1 operate area
after tDZ time delay.
323
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.12.3
Function block
ZMRPSL
BLOCK
STZMUR
STZMOR
STPSD
STDEF
STZMPSD
CACC
AR1P1
CSUR
CR
TRIP
STZMURPS
BLKZMUR
BLKZMOR
CS
IEC07000026-2-en.vsd
IEC07000026 V2 EN
Figure 193:
6.12.4
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
STZMUR
BOOLEAN
STZMOR
BOOLEAN
STPSD
BOOLEAN
STDEF
BOOLEAN
STZMPSD
BOOLEAN
CACC
BOOLEAN
AR1P1
BOOLEAN
CSUR
BOOLEAN
CR
BOOLEAN
Table 167:
Name
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
STZMURPS
BOOLEAN
BLKZMUR
BOOLEAN
BLKZMOR
BOOLEAN
CS
BOOLEAN
324
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.12.5
Table 168:
Setting parameters
ZMRPSL Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
tDZ
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.050
tDZMUR
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.200
tCS
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.100
tTrip
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.100
tBlkTr
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.300
6.13
6.13.1
IEC 61850
identification
PSPPPAM
IEC 60617
identification
Ucos
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
78
Introduction
Sudden events in an electrical power system such as large changes in load, fault
occurrence or fault clearance, can cause power oscillations referred to as power
swings. In a non-recoverable situation, the power swings become so severe that the
synchronism is lost, a condition referred to as pole slipping. The main purpose of
the pole slip protection (PSPPPAM) is to detect, evaluate, and take the required
action for pole slipping occurrences in the power system. The electrical system
parts swinging to each other can be separated with the line/s closest to the centre of
the power swing allowing the two systems to be stable as separated islands.
6.13.2
Principle of operation
If the generator is faster than the power system, the rotor movement in the
impedance and voltage diagram is from right to left and generating is signalled. If
the generator is slower than the power system, the rotor movement is from left to
right and motoring is signalled (the power system drives the generator as if it were
a motor).
325
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
The movements in the impedance plain can be seen in figure 194. The transient
behaviour is described by the transient EMF's EA and EB, and by X'd, XT and the
transient system impedance ZS.
Zone 1
EB
Zone 2
Xd
XT
XS
IED
EA
jX
A
XS
Pole slip
impedance
movement
XT
Apparent generator
impedance
Xd
B
IEC06000437_2_en.vsd
IEC06000437 V2 EN
Figure 194:
where:
X'd
XT
ZS
326
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
the minimum current exceeds 0.10 IN (IN is IBase parameter set under general
setting).
the maximum voltage falls below 0.92 UBase
the voltage Ucos (the voltage in phase with the generator current) has an
angular velocity of 0.2...8 Hz and
the corresponding direction is not blocked.
en07000004.vsd
IEC07000004 V1 EN
Figure 195:
An alarm is given when movement of the rotor is detected and the rotor angle
exceeds the angle set for 'WarnAngle'.
Slipping is detected when:
When the impedance crosses the slip line between ZB and ZC it counts as being in
zone 1 and between ZC and ZA in zone 2. The entire distance ZA-ZB becomes zone
1 when signal EXTZONE1 is high (external device detects the direction of the
centre of slipping).
After the first slip, the signals ZONE1 or ZONE2 and depending on the direction
of slip - either GEN or MOTOR are issued.
327
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Every time pole slipping is detected, the impedance of the point where the slip line
is crossed and the instantaneous slip frequency are displayed as measurements.
Further slips are only detected, if they are in the same direction and if the rate of
rotor movement has reduced in relation to the preceding slip or the slip line is
crossed in the opposite direction outside ZA-ZB. A further slip in the opposite
direction within ZA-ZB resets all the signals and is then signalled itself as a first slip.
The TRIP1 tripping command and signal are generated after N1 slips in zone 1,
providing the rotor angle is less than TripAngle. The TRIP2 signal is generated
after N2 slips in zone 2, providing the rotor angle is less than TripAngle.
All signals are reset if:
AND
START
AND
0.2 Slip.Freq. 8 Hz
d startAngle
ZONE1
AND
Z cross line ZA - ZC
ZONE2
AND
Z cross line ZC - ZB
Counter
N1Limit
a
b
ab
d tripAngle
OR
Counter
N2Limit
TRIP1
AND
a
b ab
AND
TRIP
TRIP2
en07000005.vsd
IEC07000005 V1 EN
Figure 196:
328
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.13.3
Function block
PSPPPAM
I3P*
U3P*
BLOCK
BLKGEN
BLKMOTOR
EXTZONE1
TRIP
TRIP1
TRIP2
START
ZONE1
ZONE2
GEN
MOTOR
SFREQ
SLIPZOHM
SLIPZPER
UCOS
UCOSPER
IEC10000045-1-en.vsd
IEC10000045 V1 EN
Figure 197:
6.13.4
Default
Description
I3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
BLKGEN
BOOLEAN
BLKMOTOR
BOOLEAN
EXTZONE1
BOOLEAN
Table 170:
Name
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
TRIP1
BOOLEAN
TRIP2
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
ZONE1
BOOLEAN
ZONE2
BOOLEAN
GEN
BOOLEAN
MOTOR
BOOLEAN
SFREQ
REAL
Slip frequency
SLIPZOHM
REAL
SLIPZPER
REAL
UCOS
REAL
UCosPhi voltage
UCOSPER
REAL
329
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.13.5
Table 171:
Name
Setting parameters
PSPPPAM Group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation On / Off
OperationZ1
Off
On
On
OperationZ2
Off
On
On
ImpedanceZA
0.00 - 1000.00
0.01
10.00
ImpedanceZB
0.00 - 1000.00
0.01
10.00
ImpedanceZC
0.00 - 1000.00
0.01
10.00
AnglePhi
72.00 - 90.00
Deg
0.01
85.00
StartAngle
0.0 - 180.0
Deg
0.1
110.0
TripAngle
0.0 - 180.0
Deg
0.1
90.0
N1Limit
1 - 20
N2Limit
1 - 20
Table 172:
Name
ResetTime
Table 173:
Unit
0.000 - 60.000
Step
0.001
Default
5.000
Description
Time without slip to reset all signals
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
IBase
0.1 - 99999.9
0.1
3000.0
UBase
0.1 - 9999.9
kV
0.1
20.0
MeasureMode
PosSeq
L1L2
L2L3
L3L1
PosSeq
InvertCTcurr
No
Yes
No
6.13.6
Description
Technical data
Table 174:
Function
Range or value
Accuracy
Impedance reach
(0.001000.00)% of Zbase
2.0% of Ur/Ir
Characteristic angle
(72.0090.00) degrees
5.0 degrees
(0.0180.0) degrees
5.0 degrees
(1-20)
330
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.14
6.14.1
IEC 61850
identification
ZCVPSOF
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
-
Introduction
Automatic switch onto fault logic, voltage and current based (ZCVPSOF) is a
function that gives an instantaneous trip at closing of breaker onto a fault. A dead
line detection check is provided to activate the function when the line is dead.
Mho distance protections can not operate for switch onto fault condition when the
phase voltages are close to zero. An additional logic based on UI Level is used for
this purpose.
6.14.2
Principle of operation
Automatic switch onto fault logic, voltage and current based function (ZCVPSOF)
can be activated externally by Breaker Closed Input or internally (automatically)
by using UI Level Based Logic see figure 198.
The activation from the Dead line detection function is released if the internal
signal deadLine from the UILevel function is activated at the same time as the
input ZACC is not activated during at least for a duration tDLD and the setting
parameter AutoInit is set to On.
When the setting AutoInit is Off, the function is activated by an external binary
input BC. To get a trip one of the following operation modes must also be selected
by the parameter Mode:
Mode = Impedance; trip is released if the input ZACC is activated (normal
connected to non directional distance protection zone).
Mode = UILevel; trip is released if UILevel detector is activated.
Mode = UILvl&Imp; trip is initiated based on impedance measured criteria or
UILevel detection.
The internal signal deadLine from the UILevel detector is activated if all three
phase currents and voltages are below the setting IPh< and UPh<.
UI Level based measurement detects the switch onto fault condition even though
the voltage is very low. The logic is based on current and voltage levels. The
internal signal SOTF UILevel is activated if a phase voltage is below the setting
331
Section 6
Impedance protection
UPh< and corresponding phase current is above the setting IPh< longer than the
time tDuration.
ZCVPSOF can be activated externally from input BC and thus setting AutoInit is
bypassed.
The function is released during a settable time tSOTF.
The function can be blocked by activating the input BLOCK.
BLOCK
15
AND
TRIP
BC
AutiInit=On
1000
200
ZACC
AND
IL1
OR
deadLine
IL2
IL3
UL1
UILevel detector
UL2
UL3
Iph<
SOTFU ILevel
Uph<
AND
Mode = Impedance
AND
Mode = UILevel
OR
OR
Mode = UILvl&Imp
AND
en07000084.vsd
IEC07000084 V2 EN
Figure 198:
332
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
6.14.3
Function block
ZCVPSOF
I3P*
U3P*
BLOCK
BC
ZACC
TRIP
IEC06000459-2-en.vsd
IEC06000459 V2 EN
Figure 199:
6.14.4
Name
Type
GROUP
SIGNAL
Current DFT
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
Voltage DFT
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
BC
BOOLEAN
ZACC
BOOLEAN
Name
Type
TRIP
Table 177:
Description
I3P
Table 176:
6.14.5
Default
Description
BOOLEAN
Trip output
Setting parameters
ZCVPSOF Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
On
Operation Off / On
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
Mode
Impedance
UILevel
UILvl&Imp
UILevel
AutoInit
Off
On
Off
IPh<
1 - 100
%IB
20
UPh<
1 - 100
%UB
70
333
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
tDuration
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.020
tSOTF
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
1.000
tDLD
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.200
6.14.6
Step
Default
Technical data
Table 178:
Parameter
6.15
Range or value
Accuracy
(1100)% of
0.5% of Ur
(1100)% of
1.0% of Ir
(0.00060.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
(0.00060.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
UBase
IBase
6.15.1
Description
IEC 61850
identification
PPLPHIZ
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
-
Introduction
Phase preference logic function PPLPHIZ is intended to be used in isolated or high
impedance earthed networks where there is a requirement to trip only one of the
faulty lines at cross-country fault.
Phase preference logic inhibits tripping for single phase-to-earth faults in isolated
and high impedance earthed networks, where such faults are not to be cleared by
distance protection. For cross-country faults, the logic selects either the leading or
the lagging phase-earth loop for measurement and initiates tripping of the preferred
fault based on the selected phase preference. A number of different phase
preference combinations are available for selection.
6.15.2
Principle of operation
Phase preference logic PPLPHIZ has 10 operation modes, which can be set by the
parameter OperMode. The different modes and their explanation are shown in
334
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
table 179 below. The difference between cyclic and acyclic operation can be
explained by the following example. Assume a L1 fault on one line and a L3 fault
on another line. For OperMode = 1231c the line with L3 fault will be tripped (L3
before L1) while for OperMode = 123a the line with L1 1 fault will be tripped (L1
before L3).
Table 179:
OperMode
No filter
No filter, phase-to-phase measuring loops are not blocked during single phase-toearth faults. Tripping is allowed without any particular phase preference at crosscountry faults
No pref
1231 c
1321 c
123 a
132 a
213 a
231 a
312 a
321 a
The function can be divided into two parts; one labeled voltage and current
discrimination and the second one labeled phase preference evaluation, see
figure 200.
The aim with the voltage and current discrimination part is to discriminate faulty
phases and to determine if there is a cross-country fault. If cross-country fault is
detected, an internal signal Detected cross-country fault is created and sent to the
phase preference part to be used in the evaluation process for determining the
condition for trip.
The voltage and current discrimination part gives phase segregated start signals if
the respective measured phase voltage is below the setting parameter UPN< at the
same time as the zero sequence voltage is above the setting parameter 3U0>. If
there is a start in any phase the START output signal will be activated.
The internal signal for detection of cross-country fault, DetectCrossCountry, that
come from the voltage and current discrimination part of the function can be
achieved in three different ways:
335
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
1.
2.
3.
The magnitude of 3I0 has been above the setting parameter IN> for a time
longer than the setting of pick-up timer tIN.
The magnitude of 3I0 has been above the setting parameter IN> at the same
time as the magnitude of 3U0 has been above the setting parameter 3U0>
during a time longer than the setting of pick-up timer tUN.
The magnitude of 3I0 has been above the setting parameter IN> at the same
time as one of the following conditions are fulfilled:
The second part, phase preference evaluation, uses the internal signal
DetectCrossCountry from the voltage and current evaluation together with the
input signal STCND together with phase selection start condition (from phase
selection functions) connected to input STCND, and the information from the
setting parameter OperMode are used to determine the condition for trip. To
release the Phase preference logic, at least two out of three phases must be faulty.
The fault classification whether it is a single phase-to-earth, two-phase or crosscountry fault and which phase to be tripped at cross-country fault is converted into
a binary coded signal and sent to the distance protection measuring zone to release
the correct measuring zone according to the setting of OperMode. This is done by
activating the output ZREL and it shall be connected to the input STCND on the
distance zone measuring element.
The release signals from phase selection will only be gated with the cross-country
check from IN and UN but without time delay. If no phase selection start has
occurred, the release is based on current and voltage discriminating part only.
The input signal STCND consist of binary information of fault type and is
connected to the output STCND on phase selection function. The fault must be
activated in at least two phases to be classified as a cross-country fault in the phase
preference part of the logic.
The input signals RELxxx are additional fault release signals that can be connected
to external protection functions through binary input.
The output START and trip signals can be blocked by activating the input BLOCK
336
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
UL1
UL2
UL3
UL1UL2
UL2UL3
UL3UL1
IN
Voltage and
Current
Discrimination
UN
UPN<
START
AND
UPP<
IN>
UN0>
OperMode
RELL1N
Phase Preference
Evaluation
RELL2N
ZREL
AND
RELL3N
STCND
BLOCK
IEC09000220_1_en.vsd
IEC09000220 V2 EN
Figure 200:
6.15.3
Function block
PPLPHIZ
I3P*
U3P*
BLOCK
RELL1N
RELL2N
RELL3N
STCND
START
ZREL
IEC07000029-2-en.vsd
IEC07000029 V2 EN
Figure 201:
6.15.4
Default
Description
I3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
Section 6
Impedance protection
Name
Type
RELL2N
BOOLEAN
RELL3N
BOOLEAN
STCND
INTEGER
Name
Table 182:
Name
Description
BOOLEAN
Table 181:
6.15.5
Default
RELL1N
Type
Description
START
BOOLEAN
ZREL
INTEGER
Setting parameters
PPLPHIZ Group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
Base current
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.01
400.00
Base voltage
OperMode
No Filter
NoPref
1231c
1321c
123a
132a
213a
231a
312a
321a
No Filter
UPN<
10 - 100
%UB
70
UPP<
10 - 100
%UB
50
3U0>
5 - 300
%UB
20
IN>
10 - 200
%IB
20
tUN
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.100
tOffUN
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.100
tIN
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.150
338
Technical reference manual
Section 6
Impedance protection
Table 183:
Function
Range or value
Accuracy
0,5% of Ur
< 105%
0,5% of Ur
> 95%
> 95%
Timers
(0.000 - 60.000) s
0,5% 10 ms
Operating mode
No Filter, NoPref
Cyclic: 1231c, 1321c
Acyclic: 123a, 132a, 213a, 231a,
312a, 321a
339
Technical reference manual
340
Section 7
Current protection
Section 7
Current protection
7.1
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
PHPIOC
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
50
3I>>
SYMBOL-Z V1 EN
7.1.1
Introduction
The instantaneous three phase overcurrent function has a low transient overreach
and short tripping time to allow use as a high set short-circuit protection function.
7.1.2
Principle of operation
The sampled analogue phase currents are pre-processed in a discrete Fourier filter
(DFT) block. The RMS value of each phase current is derived from the
fundamental frequency components, as well as sampled values of each phase
current. These phase current values are fed to the instantaneous phase overcurrent
protection function PHPIOC. In a comparator the RMS values are compared to the
set operation current value of the function (IP>>). If a phase current is larger than
the set operation current a signal from the comparator for this phase is set to true.
This signal will, without delay, activate the output signal TRLn (n=1,2,3) for this
phase and the TRIP signal that is common for all three phases.
There is an operation mode (OpMode) setting: 1 out of 3 or 2 out of 3. If the
parameter is set to 1 out of 3 any phase trip signal will be activated. If the
parameter is set to 2 out of 3 at least two phase signals must be activated for trip.
There is also a possibility to activate a preset change of the set operation current
(StValMult) via a binary input (ENMULT). In some applications the operation
value needs to be changed, for example due to transformer inrush currents.
341
Section 7
Current protection
7.1.3
Function block
PHPIOC
I3P*
BLOCK
ENMULT
TRIP
TRL1
TRL2
TRL3
IEC04000391-2-en.vsd
IEC04000391 V2 EN
Figure 202:
7.1.4
Name
Type
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
ENMULT
BOOLEAN
Name
Table 186:
Name
Description
GROUP
SIGNAL
Table 185:
7.1.5
Default
I3P
Type
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
TRL1
BOOLEAN
TRL2
BOOLEAN
TRL3
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
PHPIOC Group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
Base current
OpMode
2 out of 3
1 out of 3
1 out of 3
IP>>
1 - 2500
%IB
200
Table 187:
Name
StValMult
Unit
-
Step
0.1
Default
1.0
Description
Multiplier for operate current level
342
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
7.1.6
Technical data
Table 188:
Function
7.2
Range or value
Accuracy
Operate current
(1-2500)% of lBase
1.0% of Ir at I Ir
1.0% of I at I > Ir
Reset ratio
> 95%
Operate time
25 ms typically at 0 to 2 x Iset
Reset time
25 ms typically at 2 to 0 x Iset
10 ms typically at 0 to 2 x Iset
Operate time
10 ms typically at 0 to 10 x Iset
Reset time
35 ms typically at 10 to 0 x Iset
2 ms typically at 0 to 10 x Iset
Dynamic overreach
< 5% at t = 100 ms
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
OC4PTOC
3I>
4
4
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
51/67
alt
TOC-REVA V1 EN
7.2.1
Introduction
The four step phase overcurrent protection function OC4PTOC has an inverse or
definite time delay independent for step 1 and 4 separately. Step 2 and 3 are always
definite time delayed.
All IEC and ANSI inverse time characteristics are available together with an
optional user defined time characteristic.
The directional function is voltage polarized with memory. The function can be set
to be directional or non-directional independently for each of the steps.
A 2nd harmonic blocking can be set individually for each step.
7.2.2
Principle of operation
The Four step overcurrent protection function OC4PTOC is divided into four
different sub-functions, one for each step. For each step x , where x is step 1, 2, 3
343
Section 7
Current protection
faultState
Direction
Element
I3P
dirPh1Flt
dirPh2Flt
dirPh3Flt
faultState
START
U3P
TRIP
I3P
Harmonic
Restraint
Element
harmRestrBlock
enableDir
Mode Selection
enableStep1-4
DirectionalMode1-4
en05000740.vsd
IEC05000740 V1 EN
Figure 203:
A common setting for all steps, StartPhSel, is used to specify the number of phase
currents to be high to enable operation. The settings can be chosen: 1 out of 3, 2 out
of 3 or 3 out of 3.
344
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
U refL1L 2 = U L1 - U L 2
I dirL1L 2 = I L1 - I L 2
(Equation 76)
EQUATION1449 V1 EN
U refL 2 L 3 = U L 2 - U L 3
I dirL 2 L 3 = I L 2 - I L 3
(Equation 77)
EQUATION1450 V1 EN
U refL 3 L1 = U L 3 - U L1
EQUATION1451 V1 EN
I dirL 3 L1 = I L 3 - I L1
(Equation 78)
345
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
U refL1 = U L1
I dirL1 = I L1
(Equation 79)
EQUATION1452 V1 EN
U refL 2 = U L 2
I dirL 2 = I L 2
(Equation 80)
EQUATION1453 V1 EN
U refL 3 = U L 3
I dirL 3 = I L 3
EQUATION1454 V1 EN
(Equation 81)
If the current is still above the set value of the minimum operating current
(between 10 and 30% of the set terminal rated current IBase), the condition
seals in.
If the current decreases below the minimum operating value, the memory
resets until the positive sequence voltage exceeds 10% of its rated value.
The directional setting is given as a characteristic angle AngleRCA for the function
and an angle window AngleROA.
346
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Reverse
Uref
RCA
ROA
ROA
Forward
Idir
en05000745.vsd
IEC05000745 V1 EN
Figure 204:
The default value of AngleRCA is 65. The parameters AngleROA gives the angle
sector from AngleRCA for directional borders.
A minimum current for directional phase start current signal can be set:
IminOpPhSel.
If no blockings are given the start signals will start the timers of the step. The time
characteristic for each step can be chosen as definite time delay or inverse time
characteristic. A wide range of standardized inverse time characteristics is
available. It is also possible to create a tailor made time characteristic. The
possibilities for inverse time characteristics are described in section "Inverse
characteristics".
All four steps in OC4PTOC can be blocked from the binary input BLOCK. The
binary input BLKSTx (x=1, 2, 3 or 4) blocks the operation of respective step.
Different types of reset time can be selected as described in section "Inverse
characteristics".
There is also a possibility to activate a preset change (IxMult x= 1, 2, 3 or 4) of the
set operation current via a binary input (enable multiplier). In some applications the
operation value needs to be changed, for example due to changed network
switching state. The function can be blocked from the binary input BLOCK. The
start signals from the function can be blocked from the binary input BLKST. The
trip signals from the function can be blocked from the binary input BLKTR.
347
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
7.2.3
Function block
OC4PTOC
I3P*
U3P*
BLOCK
BLKTR
BLKST1
BLKST2
BLKST3
BLKST4
ENMULT1
ENMULT2
ENMULT3
ENMULT4
TRIP
TR1
TR2
TR3
TR4
TRL1
TRL2
TRL3
TR1L1
TR1L2
TR1L3
TR2L1
TR2L2
TR2L3
TR3L1
TR3L2
TR3L3
TR4L1
TR4L2
TR4L3
START
ST1
ST2
ST3
ST4
STL1
STL2
STL3
ST1L1
ST1L2
ST1L3
ST2L1
ST2L2
ST2L3
ST3L1
ST3L2
ST3L3
ST4L1
ST4L2
ST4L3
2NDHARM
DIRL1
DIRL2
DIRL3
IEC06000187-2-en.vsd
IEC06000187 V2 EN
Figure 205:
7.2.4
Default
Description
I3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
BLKTR
BOOLEAN
Block of trip
BLKST1
BOOLEAN
Block of Step1
BLKST2
BOOLEAN
Block of Step2
348
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Name
Type
Default
Description
BLKST3
BOOLEAN
Block of Step3
BLKST4
BOOLEAN
Block of Step4
ENMULT1
BOOLEAN
ENMULT2
BOOLEAN
ENMULT3
BOOLEAN
ENMULT4
BOOLEAN
Table 190:
Name
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
Trip
TR1
BOOLEAN
TR2
BOOLEAN
TR3
BOOLEAN
TR4
BOOLEAN
TRL1
BOOLEAN
TRL2
BOOLEAN
TRL3
BOOLEAN
TR1L1
BOOLEAN
TR1L2
BOOLEAN
TR1L3
BOOLEAN
TR2L1
BOOLEAN
TR2L2
BOOLEAN
TR2L3
BOOLEAN
TR3L1
BOOLEAN
TR3L2
BOOLEAN
TR3L3
BOOLEAN
TR4L1
BOOLEAN
TR4L2
BOOLEAN
TR4L3
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
ST1
BOOLEAN
ST2
BOOLEAN
ST3
BOOLEAN
ST4
BOOLEAN
STL1
BOOLEAN
STL2
BOOLEAN
349
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Name
7.2.5
Table 191:
Name
Type
Description
STL3
BOOLEAN
ST1L1
BOOLEAN
ST1L2
BOOLEAN
ST1L3
BOOLEAN
ST2L1
BOOLEAN
ST2L2
BOOLEAN
ST2L3
BOOLEAN
ST3L1
BOOLEAN
ST3L2
BOOLEAN
ST3L3
BOOLEAN
ST4L1
BOOLEAN
ST4L2
BOOLEAN
ST4L3
BOOLEAN
2NDHARM
BOOLEAN
DIRL1
INTEGER
DIRL2
INTEGER
DIRL3
INTEGER
Setting parameters
OC4PTOC Group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
Base current
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
Base voltage
AngleRCA
40 - 65
Deg
55
AngleROA
40 - 89
Deg
80
StartPhSel
1 out of 3
2 out of 3
3 out of 3
1 out of 3
DirMode1
Off
Non-directional
Forward
Reverse
Non-directional
350
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Characterist1
I1>
1 - 2500
%IB
1000
t1
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
k1
0.05 - 999.00
0.01
0.05
IMin1
1 - 10000
%IB
100
t1Min
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
I1Mult
1.0 - 10.0
0.1
2.0
DirMode2
Off
Non-directional
Forward
Reverse
Non-directional
Characterist2
I2>
1 - 2500
%IB
500
t2
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.400
351
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Name
Values (Range)
Step
Default
k2
0.05 - 999.00
Unit
-
0.01
0.05
Description
Time multiplier for the inverse time delay
for step 2
IMin2
1 - 10000
%IB
50
t2Min
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
I2Mult
1.0 - 10.0
0.1
2.0
DirMode3
Off
Non-directional
Forward
Reverse
Non-directional
Characterist3
I3>
1 - 2500
%IB
250
t3
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.800
k3
0.05 - 999.00
0.01
0.05
IMin3
1 - 10000
%IB
33
t3Min
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
I3Mult
1.0 - 10.0
0.1
2.0
DirMode4
Off
Non-directional
Forward
Reverse
Non-directional
352
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Characterist4
I4>
1 - 2500
%IB
175
t4
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
2.000
k4
0.05 - 999.00
0.01
0.05
IMin4
1 - 10000
%IB
17
t4Min
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
I4Mult
1.0 - 10.0
0.1
2.0
Table 192:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
IMinOpPhSel
1 - 100
%IB
2ndHarmStab
5 - 100
%IB
20
ResetTypeCrv1
Instantaneous
IEC Reset
ANSI reset
Instantaneous
tReset1
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.020
tPCrv1
0.005 - 3.000
0.001
1.000
tACrv1
0.005 - 200.000
0.001
13.500
tBCrv1
0.00 - 20.00
0.01
0.00
tCCrv1
0.1 - 10.0
0.1
1.0
tPRCrv1
0.005 - 3.000
0.001
0.500
353
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
tTRCrv1
0.005 - 100.000
0.001
13.500
tCRCrv1
0.1 - 10.0
0.1
1.0
HarmRestrain1
Off
On
Off
ResetTypeCrv2
Instantaneous
IEC Reset
ANSI reset
Instantaneous
tReset2
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.020
tPCrv2
0.005 - 3.000
0.001
1.000
tACrv2
0.005 - 200.000
0.001
13.500
tBCrv2
0.00 - 20.00
0.01
0.00
tCCrv2
0.1 - 10.0
0.1
1.0
tPRCrv2
0.005 - 3.000
0.001
0.500
tTRCrv2
0.005 - 100.000
0.001
13.500
tCRCrv2
0.1 - 10.0
0.1
1.0
HarmRestrain2
Off
On
Off
ResetTypeCrv3
Instantaneous
IEC Reset
ANSI reset
Instantaneous
tReset3
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.020
tPCrv3
0.005 - 3.000
0.001
1.000
tACrv3
0.005 - 200.000
0.001
13.500
tBCrv3
0.00 - 20.00
0.01
0.00
tCCrv3
0.1 - 10.0
0.1
1.0
tPRCrv3
0.005 - 3.000
0.001
0.500
tTRCrv3
0.005 - 100.000
0.001
13.500
tCRCrv3
0.1 - 10.0
0.1
1.0
HarmRestrain3
Off
On
Off
354
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
ResetTypeCrv4
Instantaneous
IEC Reset
ANSI reset
Instantaneous
tReset4
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.020
tPCrv4
0.005 - 3.000
0.001
1.000
tACrv4
0.005 - 200.000
0.001
13.500
tBCrv4
0.00 - 20.00
0.01
0.00
tCCrv4
0.1 - 10.0
0.1
1.0
tPRCrv4
0.005 - 3.000
0.001
0.500
tTRCrv4
0.005 - 100.000
0.001
13.500
tCRCrv4
0.1 - 10.0
0.1
1.0
HarmRestrain4
Off
On
Off
Table 193:
Name
MeasType
7.2.6
Values (Range)
DFT
RMS
Unit
Step
Default
DFT
Description
Selection between DFT and RMS
measurement
Technical data
Table 194:
Function
Setting range
Accuracy
Operate current
(1-2500)% of lBase
1.0% of Ir at I Ir
1.0% of I at I > Ir
Reset ratio
> 95%
(1-100)% of lBase
1.0% of Ir at I Ir
1.0% of I at I > Ir
2.0 degrees
(40.070.0) degrees
2.0 degrees
(75.090.0) degrees
2.0 degrees
(5100)% of fundamental
2.0% of Ir
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
355
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Function
7.3
Setting range
Accuracy
19 curve types
25 ms typically at 0 to 2 x Iset
25 ms typically at 2 to 0 x Iset
10 ms typically at 0 to 2 x Iset
15 ms typically
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
EFPIOC
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
50N
IN>>
IEF V1 EN
7.3.1
Introduction
The Instantaneous residual overcurrent protection EFPIOC has a low transient
overreach and short tripping times to allow the use for instantaneous earth-fault
protection, with the reach limited to less than the typical eighty percent of the line
at minimum source impedance. EFPIOC can be configured to measure the residual
current from the three-phase current inputs or the current from a separate current
input. EFPIOC can be blocked by activating the input BLOCK.
7.3.2
Principle of operation
The sampled analog residual currents are pre-processed in a discrete Fourier filter
(DFT) block. From the fundamental frequency components of the residual current,
as well as from the sample values the equivalent RMS value is derived. This
current value is fed to the Instantaneous residual overcurrent protection (EFPIOC).
In a comparator the RMS value is compared to the set operation current value of
the function (IN>>). If the residual current is larger than the set operation current a
signal from the comparator is set to true. This signal will, without delay, activate
the output signal TRIP.
There is also a possibility to activate a preset change of the set operation current
via a binary input (enable multiplier MULTEN). In some applications the operation
value needs to be changed, for example due to transformer inrush currents.
356
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
EFPIOC function can be blocked from the binary input BLOCK. The trip signals
from the function can be blocked from the binary input BLKAR, that can be
activated during single pole trip and autoreclosing sequences.
7.3.3
Function block
EFPIOC
I3P*
BLOCK
BLKAR
MULTEN
TRIP
IEC06000269-2-en.vsd
IEC06000269 V2 EN
Figure 206:
7.3.4
Name
Type
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
BLKAR
BOOLEAN
MULTEN
BOOLEAN
Name
Type
TRIP
Table 197:
Description
GROUP
SIGNAL
Table 196:
7.3.5
Default
I3P
Description
BOOLEAN
Trip signal
Setting parameters
EFPIOC Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
Base current
IN>>
1 - 2500
%IB
200
Table 198:
Name
StValMult
Values (Range)
0.5 - 5.0
Unit
-
Step
0.1
Default
1.0
Description
Multiplier for operate current level
357
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
7.3.6
Technical data
Table 199:
Function
7.4
Range or value
Accuracy
Operate current
(1-2500)% of lBase
1.0% of Ir at I Ir
1.0% of I at I > Ir
Reset ratio
> 95%
Operate time
25 ms typically at 0 to 2 x Iset
Reset time
25 ms typically at 2 to 0 x Iset
10 ms typically at 0 to 2 x Iset
Operate time
10 ms typically at 0 to 10 x Iset
Reset time
35 ms typically at 10 to 0 x Iset
2 ms typically at 0 to 10 x Iset
Dynamic overreach
< 5% at t = 100 ms
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
EF4PTOC
51N/67N
IN
4
4
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
alt
TEF-REVA V1 EN
7.4.1
Introduction
The four step residual overcurrent protection EF4PTOC has an inverse or definite
time delay independent for each step separately.
All IEC and ANSI time-delayed characteristics are available together with an
optional user defined characteristic.
The directional function includes 3 options
voltage polarized
current polarized
dual polarized
358
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
7.4.2
Principle of operation
This function has the following three Analog Inputs on its function block in the
configuration tool:
1.
2.
3.
These inputs are connected from the corresponding pre-processing function blocks
in the Configuration Tool within PCM600.
7.4.2.1
2.
calculated from three-phase current input within the IED (when the fourth
analog input into the pre-processing block connected to EF4PTOC function
Analog Input I3P is not connected to a dedicated CT input of the IED in
PCM600). In such case the pre-processing block will calculate 3I0 from the
first three inputs into the pre-processing block by using the following formula:
359
Section 7
Current protection
EQUATION1874 V2 EN
where:
IL1, IL2 and IL3
The residual current is pre-processed by a discrete Fourier filter. Thus the phasor of
the fundamental frequency component of the residual current is derived. The
phasor magnitude is used within the EF4PTOC protection to compare it with the
set operation current value of the four steps (IN1>, IN2>, IN3> or IN4>). If the
residual current is larger than the set operation current and the step is used in nondirectional mode a signal from the comparator for this step is set to true. This
signal will, without delay, activate the output signal STINx (x=step 1-4) for this
step and a common START signal.
7.4.2.2
Internal polarizing
A polarizing quantity is used within the protection in order to determine the
direction to the earth fault (Forward/Reverse).
The function can be set to use voltage polarizing, current polarizing or dual polarizing.
Voltage polarizing
When voltage polarizing is selected the protection will use the residual voltage
-3U0 as polarizing quantity U3P. This voltage can be:
1.
2.
(Equation 83)
where:
UL1, UL2 and UL3
Note! In order to use this all three phase-to-earth voltages must be connected to three IED VT inputs.
360
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
The residual voltage is pre-processed by a discrete fourier filter. Thus, the phasor
of the fundamental frequency component of the residual voltage is derived. This
phasor is used together with the phasor of the operating current, in order to
determine the direction to the earth fault (Forward/Reverse). In order to enable
voltage polarizing the magnitude of polarizing voltage shall be bigger than a
minimum level defined by setting parameter UpolMin.
It shall be noted that 3U0 is used to determine the location of the earth fault. This
insures the required inversion of the polarizing voltage within the earth-fault function.
Current polarizing
When current polarizing is selected the function will use the residual current (3I0)
as polarizing quantity IPol. This current can be:
1.
2.
calculated from three phase current input within the IED (when the fourth
analog input into the pre-processing block connected to EF4PTOC function
analog input I3PPOL is NOT connected to a dedicated CT input of the IED in
PCM600). In such case the pre-processing block will calculate 3I0 from the
first three inputs into the pre-processing block by using the following formula:
(Equation 84)
where:
IL1, IL2 and IL3 are fundamental frequency phasors of three individual phase currents.
(Equation 85)
361
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
which will be then used, together with the phasor of the operating current, in order
to determine the direction to the earth fault (Forward/Reverse). In order to enable
current polarizing the magnitude of polarizing current shall be bigger than a
minimum level defined by setting parameter IPolMin.
Dual polarizing
When dual polarizing is selected the function will use the vectorial sum of the
voltage based and current based polarizing in accordance with the following formula:
UTotPol = UUPol + UIPol = -3U 0 + Z 0 s IPol = -3U 0 + ( RNPol + jXNPol ) IPol
EQUATION1878 V3 EN
(Equation 86)
Then the phasor of the total polarizing voltage UTotPol will be used, together with
the phasor of the operating current, to determine the direction of the earth fault
(Forward/Reverse).
7.4.2.3
7.4.2.4
7.4.2.5
362
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
7.4.2.6
Simplified logic diagram for one residual overcurrent step is shown in figure 207.
363
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
BLKTR
IMinx
Characteristx=DefTime
a>b
tx
|IOP|
AND
TRINx
OR
a>b
INxMult
STINx
AND
T
F
INx>
AND
Inverse
tMin
BLKSTx
BLOCK
Characteristx=Inverse
2ndHarm_BLOCK_Int
OR
HarmRestrainx=Off
DirModex=Off
OR
STEPx_DIR_Int
DirModex=Non-directional
DirModex=Forward
DirModex=Reverse
FORWARD_Int
REVERSE_Int
AND
OR
AND
IEC10000008-1-en.vsd
IEC10000008 V1 EN
Figure 207:
The protection can be completely blocked from the binary input BLOCK. Output
signals for respective step, STINx and TRINx, can be blocked from the binary
input BLKSTx. The trip signals from the function can be blocked from the binary
input BLKTR.
7.4.2.7
The operating and polarizing quantity are then used inside the directional element,
as shown in figure 208, in order to determine the direction of the earth fault.
364
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Operating area
STRV
0.6 * IN>DIR
Characteristic
for STRV
40% of
IN>DIR
RCA
65
Upol = -3U 0
IN>DIR
STFW
I op = 3I0
Operating area
Characteristic
for STFW
IEC11000243-1-en.ai
IEC11000243 V1 EN
Figure 208:
365
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
a
b
0.6
a>b
REVERSE_Int
X
a
IN>Dir
0.4
STRV
AND
a>b
FORWARD_Int
STFW
AND
FWD
polMethod=Voltage
OR
polMethod=Dual
UPolMin
UPol
polMethod=Current
OR
IPol
0.0
RNPol
XNPol
T
0.0 F
IPolMin
Iop
UTotPol
T
F
Complex
Number
RVS
UIPol
0.0
T
F
AND
FORWARD_Int
AND
REVERSE_Int
Directional
Characteristic
AngleRCA
STAGE1_DIR_Int
STAGE2_DIR_Int
STAGE3_DIR_Int
STAGE4_DIR_Int
OR
AND
BLOCK
IEC07000067-4-en.vsd
IEC07000067 V4 EN
Figure 209:
7.4.2.8
Simplified logic diagram for directional supervision element with integrated directional
comparison step
366
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Once Block for Parallel Transformers is activated the basic 2nd harmonic blocking
signal will be sealed-in until the residual current magnitude falls below a value
defined by parameter setting UseStartValue (see condition 3 above).
Simplified logic diagram for 2nd harmonic blocking feature is shown in figure 210.
367
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
BLOCK
Extract second
harmonic current
component
IOP
2ndHarmStab
2NDHARMD
OR
a>b
Extract
fundamental
current component
q-1
t=70ms
t
OR
AN
D
OR
2ndH_BLOCK_Int
BlkParTransf=On
|IOP|
UseStartValue
a>b
IN1>
IN2>
IN3>
IN4>
en07000068-2.vsd
IEC07000068 V2 EN
Figure 210:
7.4.2.9
Simplified logic diagram for 2nd harmonic blocking feature and Block for Parallel Transformers
feature
368
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
function. The Under-Time logic can also be blocked by the 2nd harmonic restraint
feature. This enables high sensitivity even if power transformer inrush currents can
occur at breaker closing. This logic is typically used to detect asymmetry of CB
poles immediately after switching of the circuit breaker. The Under-Time logic is
activated either from change in circuit breaker position or from circuit breaker
close and open command pulses. This selection is done by setting parameter
ActUnderTime. In case of a start from step 4 this logic will give a trip after a set
delay tUnderTime. This delay is normally set to a relatively short time (default 300
ms). Practically the Under-Time logic acts as circuit breaker pole-discordance
protection, but it is only active immediately after breaker switching. The UnderTime logic can only be used in solidly or low impedance grounded systems.
SOTF
Open
tPulse
Closed
ActivationSOTF
Close command
tSOTF
AND
STIN2
AND
StepForSOTF
STIN3
OperationMode
BLOCK
OFF
SOTF
UNDERTIME
TRIP
UnderTime
tUnderTime
2nd Harmonic
HarmResSOFT
AND
SOTF or
UnderTime
OR
Open
OR
Close
tPulse
Close command
ActUnderTime
AND
STIN4
IEC06000643-2-en.vsd
IEC06000643 V2 EN
Figure 211:
EF4PTOC Logic Diagram Simplified logic diagram for the complete EF4PTOC
function is shown in figure 212:
369
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
signal to
communication
scheme
Directional Check
Element
INPol
Direction
Element
3U0
operatingCurrent
earthFaultDirection
3I0
TRIP
angleValid
DirMode
enableDir
3I0
Harmonic
Restraint
Element
harmRestrBlock
Mode
Selection
DirMode
enableDir
TRIP
CB
pos
or cmd
enableStep1-4
DirectionalMode1-4
en06000376.vsd
IEC06000376 V1 EN
Figure 212:
7.4.3
Function block
EF4PTOC
I3P*
U3P*
I3PPOL*
BLOCK
BLKTR
BLKST1
BLKST2
BLKST3
BLKST4
ENMULT1
ENMULT2
ENMULT3
ENMULT4
CBPOS
CLOSECB
OPENCB
TRIP
TRIN1
TRIN2
TRIN3
TRIN4
TRSOTF
START
STIN1
STIN2
STIN3
STIN4
STSOTF
STFW
STRV
2NDHARMD
IEC06000424-2-en.vsd
IEC06000424 V2 EN
Figure 213:
370
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
7.4.4
Default
Description
I3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
I3PPOL
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
General block
BLKTR
BOOLEAN
Block of trip
BLKST1
BOOLEAN
BLKST2
BOOLEAN
BLKST3
BOOLEAN
BLKST4
BOOLEAN
ENMULT1
BOOLEAN
ENMULT2
BOOLEAN
ENMULT3
BOOLEAN
ENMULT4
BOOLEAN
CBPOS
BOOLEAN
Breaker position
CLOSECB
BOOLEAN
OPENCB
BOOLEAN
Table 201:
Name
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
Trip
TRIN1
BOOLEAN
TRIN2
BOOLEAN
TRIN3
BOOLEAN
TRIN4
BOOLEAN
TRSOTF
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
STIN1
BOOLEAN
STIN2
BOOLEAN
STIN3
BOOLEAN
STIN4
BOOLEAN
STSOTF
BOOLEAN
371
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Name
7.4.5
Table 202:
Name
Type
Description
STFW
BOOLEAN
STRV
BOOLEAN
2NDHARMD
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
EF4PTOC Group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400
AngleRCA
-180 - 180
Deg
65
polMethod
Voltage
Current
Dual
Voltage
Type of polarization
UPolMin
1 - 100
%UB
IPolMin
2 - 100
%IB
RNPol
0.50 - 1000.00
ohm
0.01
5.00
XNPol
0.50 - 3000.00
ohm
0.01
40.00
IN>Dir
1 - 100
%IB
10
2ndHarmStab
5 - 100
20
BlkParTransf
Off
On
Off
UseStartValue
IN1>
IN2>
IN3>
IN4>
IN4>
SOTF
Off
SOTF
UnderTime
SOTF&UnderTime
Off
ActivationSOTF
Open
Closed
CloseCommand
Open
StepForSOTF
Step 2
Step 3
Step 2
HarmResSOTF
Off
On
Off
tSOTF
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.200
t4U
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
1.000
Section 7
Current protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
ActUnderTime
CB position
CB command
CB position
tUnderTime
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.300
DirMode1
Off
Non-directional
Forward
Reverse
Non-directional
Characterist1
IN1>
1 - 2500
%IB
100
t1
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
k1
0.05 - 999.00
0.01
0.05
IMin1
1.00 - 10000.00
%IB
1.00
100.00
t1Min
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
IN1Mult
1.0 - 10.0
0.1
2.0
ResetTypeCrv1
Instantaneous
IEC Reset
ANSI reset
Instantaneous
tReset1
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.020
HarmRestrain1
Off
On
On
tPCrv1
0.005 - 3.000
0.001
1.000
tACrv1
0.005 - 200.000
0.001
13.500
tBCrv1
0.00 - 20.00
0.01
0.00
tCCrv1
0.1 - 10.0
0.1
1.0
tPRCrv1
0.005 - 3.000
0.001
0.500
373
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
tTRCrv1
0.005 - 100.000
0.001
13.500
tCRCrv1
0.1 - 10.0
0.1
1.0
DirMode2
Off
Non-directional
Forward
Reverse
Non-directional
Characterist2
IN2>
1 - 2500
%IB
50
t2
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.400
k2
0.05 - 999.00
0.01
0.05
IMin2
1.00 - 10000.00
%IB
1.00
50
t2Min
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
IN2Mult
1.0 - 10.0
0.1
2.0
ResetTypeCrv2
Instantaneous
IEC Reset
ANSI reset
Instantaneous
tReset2
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.020
HarmRestrain2
Off
On
On
tPCrv2
0.005 - 3.000
0.001
1.000
tACrv2
0.005 - 200.000
0.001
13.500
tBCrv2
0.00 - 20.00
0.01
0.00
tCCrv2
0.1 - 10.0
0.1
1.0
374
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
tPRCrv2
0.005 - 3.000
0.001
0.500
tTRCrv2
0.005 - 100.000
0.001
13.500
tCRCrv2
0.1 - 10.0
0.1
1.0
DirMode3
Off
Non-directional
Forward
Reverse
Non-directional
Characterist3
IN3>
1 - 2500
%IB
33
t3
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.800
k3
0.05 - 999.00
0.01
0.05
IMin3
1.00 - 10000.00
%IB
1.00
33
t3Min
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
IN3Mult
1.0 - 10.0
0.1
2.0
ResetTypeCrv3
Instantaneous
IEC Reset
ANSI reset
Instantaneous
tReset3
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.020
HarmRestrain3
Off
On
On
tPCrv3
0.005 - 3.000
0.001
1.000
tACrv3
0.005 - 200.000
0.001
13.500
tBCrv3
0.00 - 20.00
0.01
0.00
tCCrv3
0.1 - 10.0
0.1
1.0
375
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
tPRCrv3
0.005 - 3.000
0.001
0.500
tTRCrv3
0.005 - 100.000
0.001
13.500
tCRCrv3
0.1 - 10.0
0.1
1.0
DirMode4
Off
Non-directional
Forward
Reverse
Non-directional
Characterist4
IN4>
1 - 2500
%IB
17
t4
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
1.200
k4
0.05 - 999.00
0.01
0.05
IMin4
1.00 - 10000.00
%IB
1.00
17
t4Min
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
IN4Mult
1.0 - 10.0
0.1
2.0
ResetTypeCrv4
Instantaneous
IEC Reset
ANSI reset
Instantaneous
tReset4
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.020
HarmRestrain4
Off
On
On
tPCrv4
0.005 - 3.000
0.001
1.000
tACrv4
0.005 - 200.000
0.001
13.500
tBCrv4
0.00 - 20.00
0.01
0.00
376
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
tCCrv4
0.1 - 10.0
0.1
1.0
tPRCrv4
0.005 - 3.000
0.001
0.500
tTRCrv4
0.005 - 100.000
0.001
13.500
tCRCrv4
0.1 - 10.0
0.1
1.0
7.4.6
Technical data
Table 203:
Function
7.5
Range or value
Accuracy
Operate current
(1-2500)% of lBase
1.0% of Ir at I Ir
1.0% of I at I > Ir
Reset ratio
> 95%
(1100)% of lBase
1.0% of Ir
Timers
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
18 curve types
(5100)% of fundamental
2.0% of Ir
2.0 degrees
(1100)% of UBase
0.5% of Ur
(1-30)% of IBase
0.25% of Ir
(0.50-1000.00) W/phase
(0.503000.00) W/phase
25 ms typically at 0 to 2 x Iset
25 ms typically at 2 to 0 x Iset
10 ms typically at 0 to 2 x Iset
15 ms typically
377
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Function description
Four step negative sequence
overcurrent protection
IEC 61850
identification
NS4PTOC
46I2
I2
4
4
alt
IEC10000053 V1 EN
7.5.1
Introduction
Four step negative sequence overcurrent protection (NS4PTOC) has an inverse or
definite time delay independent for each step separately.
All IEC and ANSI time delayed characteristics are available together with an
optional user defined characteristic.
The directional function is voltage polarized or dual polarized.
NS4PTOC can be set directional or non-directional independently for each of the
steps.
NS4PTOC can be used as main protection for unsymmetrical fault; phase-phase
short circuits, phase-phase-earth short circuits and single phase earth faults.
NS4PTOC can also be used to provide a system back-up for example, in the case of
the primary protection being out of service due to communication or voltage
transformer circuit failure.
Directional operation can be combined together with corresponding
communication logic in permissive or blocking teleprotection scheme. The same
logic as for directional zero sequence current can be used. Current reversal and weakend infeed functionality are available.
7.5.2
Principle of operation
Four step negative sequence overcurrent protection NS4PTOC function has the
following three Analog Inputs on its function block in the configuration tool:
1.
2.
3.
These inputs are connected from the corresponding pre-processing function blocks
in the Configuration Tool within PCM600.
7.5.2.1
378
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
sequence current is calculated from three-phase current input within the IED. The
pre-processing block calculates I2 from the first three inputs into the preprocessing block by using the following formula:
I op = I 2 =
1
3
IL1 + a IL 2 + a IL3
2
)
(Equation 87)
EQUATION2266 V1 EN
where:
IL1, IL2 and IL3
is so called operator which gives a phase shift of 120 deg, that is, a = 1120 deg
a2
similarly gives a phase shift of 240 deg, that is, a2 = 1240 deg
7.5.2.2
Voltage polarizing
When voltage polarizing is selected, NS4PTOC uses the negative sequence voltage
-U2 as polarizing quantity U3P. This voltage is calculated from three phase voltage
input within the IED. The pre-processing block calculates -U2 from the first three
inputs into the pre-processing block by using the following formula:
UPol = -U 2 = EQUATION2267 V1 EN
1
(UL1 + a UL 2 + a 2 UL3)
3
(Equation 88)
379
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
where:
UL1, UL2 and UL3
Dual polarizing
When dual polarizing is selected, the function uses the vectorial sum of the voltage
based and current based polarizing in accordance with the following formula:
UTotPol = UUPol + UIPol = -U 2 + ZPol IPol = -U 2 + ( RPol + jXPol ) IPol
IECEQUATION2315 V1 EN
(Equation 89)
Then the phasor of the total polarizing voltage UTotPol is used, together with the
phasor of the operating current, to determine the direction to the fault (Forward/
Reverse).
7.5.2.3
7.5.2.4
380
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
7.5.2.5
7.5.2.6
Simplified logic diagram for one negative sequence overcurrent stage is shown in
the following figure:
381
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
BLKTR
Characteristx=DefTime
|IOP|
ENMULTx
IxMult
tx
AND
TRx
OR
a>b
STx
AND
T
F
Ix>
Inverse
BLKSTx
BLOCK
Characteristx=Inverse
OR
DirModex=Off
STAGEx_DIR_Int
DirModex=Non-directional
DirModex=Forward
FORWARD_Int
DirModex=Reverse
REVERSE_Int
AND
OR
AND
IEC09000683-2-en.vsd
IEC09000683 V1 EN
Figure 214:
Simplified logic diagram for negative sequence overcurrent stage x , where x=1, 2, 3 or 4
NS4PTOC can be completely blocked from the binary input BLOCK. The start
signals from NS4PTOC for each stage can be blocked from the binary input
BLKSTx. The trip signals from NS4PTOC can be blocked from the binary input
BLKTR.
7.5.2.7
The operating and polarizing quantity are then used inside the directional element,
as shown in figure 208, to determine the direction of the fault.
382
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Reverse
Area
Upol=-U2
AngleRCA
Forward
Area
Iop = I2
IEC10000031-1-en.vsd
IEC10000031 V1 EN
Figure 215:
383
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
0.6
a a>
b b
REVERSE_Int
X
a a>
b b
I>Dir
0.4
STRV
AND
FORWARD_Int
STFW
AND
polMethod=Voltage
OR
polMethod=Dual
UPolMin
UPol
T
0.0 F
IPolMin
Iop
UTotPol
IPol
RVS
RNPol
XNPol
BLOCK
Complex
Number
AND
FORWARD_Int
AND
REVERSE_Int
D i r e c ti o n a l
t
C h a r a c e ri s ti c
FWD
AngleRCA
UIPol
0.0
T
F
STAGE1_DIR_Int
STAGE2_DIR_Int
STAGE3_DIR_Int
STAGE4_DIR_Int
OR
AND
IEC07000067-4-en.vsd
IEC07000067-4 V1 EN
Figure 216:
Simplified logic diagram for directional supervision element with integrated directional
comparison step
384
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
7.5.3
Function block
NS4PTOC
I3P*
U3P*
I3PPOL*
BLOCK
BLKTR
BLKST1
BLKST2
BLKST3
BLKST4
ENMULT1
ENMULT2
ENMULT3
ENMULT4
TRIP
TR1
TR2
TR3
TR4
START
ST1
ST2
ST3
ST4
STFW
STRV
IEC10000054-1-en.vsd
IEC10000054 V1 EN
Figure 217:
7.5.4
Default
Description
I3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
I3PPOL
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
General block
BLKTR
BOOLEAN
Block of trip
BLKST1
BOOLEAN
BLKST2
BOOLEAN
BLKST3
BOOLEAN
BLKST4
BOOLEAN
ENMULT1
BOOLEAN
ENMULT2
BOOLEAN
ENMULT3
BOOLEAN
ENMULT4
BOOLEAN
385
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Table 205:
Name
7.5.5
Table 206:
Name
Type
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
Trip
TR1
BOOLEAN
TR2
BOOLEAN
TR3
BOOLEAN
TR4
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
ST1
BOOLEAN
ST2
BOOLEAN
ST3
BOOLEAN
ST4
BOOLEAN
STFW
BOOLEAN
STRV
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
NS4PTOC Group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400
AngleRCA
-180 - 180
Deg
65
polMethod
Voltage
Dual
Voltage
Type of polarization
UPolMin
1 - 100
%UB
IPolMin
2 - 100
%IB
RPol
0.50 - 1000.00
ohm
0.01
5.00
XPol
0.50 - 3000.00
ohm
0.01
40.00
I>Dir
1 - 100
%IB
10
DirMode1
Off
Non-directional
Forward
Reverse
Non-directional
386
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Characterist1
I1>
1 - 2500
%IB
100
t1
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
k1
0.05 - 999.00
0.01
0.05
IMin1
1.00 - 10000.00
%IB
1.00
100.00
t1Min
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
I1Mult
1.0 - 10.0
0.1
2.0
ResetTypeCrv1
Instantaneous
IEC Reset
ANSI reset
Instantaneous
tReset1
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.020
tPCrv1
0.005 - 3.000
0.001
1.000
tACrv1
0.005 - 200.000
0.001
13.500
tBCrv1
0.00 - 20.00
0.01
0.00
tCCrv1
0.1 - 10.0
0.1
1.0
tPRCrv1
0.005 - 3.000
0.001
0.500
tTRCrv1
0.005 - 100.000
0.001
13.500
tCRCrv1
0.1 - 10.0
0.1
1.0
DirMode2
Off
Non-directional
Forward
Reverse
Non-directional
387
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Characterist2
I2>
1 - 2500
%IB
50
t2
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.400
k2
0.05 - 999.00
0.01
0.05
IMin2
1.00 - 10000.00
%IB
1.00
50
t2Min
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
I2Mult
1.0 - 10.0
0.1
2.0
ResetTypeCrv2
Instantaneous
IEC Reset
ANSI reset
Instantaneous
tReset2
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.020
tPCrv2
0.005 - 3.000
0.001
1.000
tACrv2
0.005 - 200.000
0.001
13.500
tBCrv2
0.00 - 20.00
0.01
0.00
tCCrv2
0.1 - 10.0
0.1
1.0
tPRCrv2
0.005 - 3.000
0.001
0.500
tTRCrv2
0.005 - 100.000
0.001
13.500
tCRCrv2
0.1 - 10.0
0.1
1.0
DirMode3
Off
Non-directional
Forward
Reverse
Non-directional
388
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Characterist3
I3>
1 - 2500
%IB
33
t3
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.800
k3
0.05 - 999.00
0.01
0.05
IMin3
1.00 - 10000.00
%IB
1.00
33
t3Min
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
I3Mult
1.0 - 10.0
0.1
2.0
ResetTypeCrv3
Instantaneous
IEC Reset
ANSI reset
Instantaneous
tReset3
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.020
tPCrv3
0.005 - 3.000
0.001
1.000
tACrv3
0.005 - 200.000
0.001
13.500
tBCrv3
0.00 - 20.00
0.01
0.00
tCCrv3
0.1 - 10.0
0.1
1.0
tPRCrv3
0.005 - 3.000
0.001
0.500
tTRCrv3
0.005 - 100.000
0.001
13.500
tCRCrv3
0.1 - 10.0
0.1
1.0
DirMode4
Off
Non-directional
Forward
Reverse
Non-directional
389
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Characterist4
I4>
1 - 2500
%IB
17
t4
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
1.200
k4
0.05 - 999.00
0.01
0.05
IMin4
1.00 - 10000.00
%IB
1.00
17
t4Min
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
I4Mult
1.0 - 10.0
0.1
2.0
ResetTypeCrv4
Instantaneous
IEC Reset
ANSI reset
Instantaneous
tReset4
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.020
tPCrv4
0.005 - 3.000
0.001
1.000
tACrv4
0.005 - 200.000
0.001
13.500
tBCrv4
0.00 - 20.00
0.01
0.00
tCCrv4
0.1 - 10.0
0.1
1.0
tPRCrv4
0.005 - 3.000
0.001
0.500
tTRCrv4
0.005 - 100.000
0.001
13.500
tCRCrv4
0.1 - 10.0
0.1
1.0
390
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
7.5.6
Technical data
Table 207:
Function
7.6
Accuracy
(1-2500)% of lBase
1.0% of Ir at I Ir
1.0% of I at I > Ir
Reset ratio
> 95%
Timers
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
18 curve types
1.0% of Ir at I < Ir
1.0% of I at I > Ir
(1100)% of IBase
1.0% of Ir
2.0 degrees
(1100)% of UBase
0.5% of Ur
(2-100)% of IBase
1.0% of Ir
(0.50-1000.00) W/phase
(0.503000.00) W/phase
10 ms typically at 0 to 2 x Iset
15 ms typically
Transient overreach
<10% at = 100 ms
7.6.1
Range or value
IEC 61850
identification
SDEPSDE
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
67N
Introduction
In networks with high impedance earthing, the phase-to-earth fault current is
significantly smaller than the short circuit currents. Another difficulty for earth391
Section 7
Current protection
fault protection is that the magnitude of the phase-to-earth fault current is almost
independent of the fault location in the network.
Directional residual current can be used to detect and give selective trip of phase-toearth faults in high impedance earthed networks. The protection uses the residual
current component 3I0 cos , where is the angle between the residual current
and the residual voltage (-3U0), compensated with a characteristic angle.
Alternatively, the function can be set to strict 3I0 level with an check of angle 3I0
and cos .
Directional residual power can also be used to detect and give selective trip of phaseto-earth faults in high impedance earthed networks. The protection uses the
residual power component 3I0 3U0 cos , where is the angle between the
residual current and the reference residual voltage, compensated with a
characteristic angle.
A normal non-directional residual current function can also be used with definite or
inverse time delay.
A back-up neutral point voltage function is also available for non-directional
sensitive back-up protection.
In an isolated network, that is, the network is only coupled to earth via the
capacitances between the phase conductors and earth, the residual current always
has -90 phase shift compared to the reference residual voltage. The characteristic
angle is chosen to -90 in such a network.
In resistance earthed networks or in Petersen coil earthed, with a parallel resistor,
the active residual current component (in phase with the residual voltage) should be
used for the earth-fault detection. In such networks the characteristic angle is
chosen to 0.
As the amplitude of the residual current is independent of the fault location the
selectivity of the earth-fault protection is achieved by time selectivity.
When should the sensitive directional residual overcurrent protection be used and
when should the sensitive directional residual power protection be used? Consider
the following facts:
392
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
7.6.2
Principle of operation
7.6.2.1
Function inputs
The function is using phasors of the residual current and voltage. Group signals I3P
and U3P containing phasors of residual current and voltage is taken from preprocessor blocks.
The sensitive directional earth fault protection has the following sub-functions
included:
3I0
= ang(3I0 ) ang(3Uref )
3I0 cos
3U0 = Uref
IEC06000648-3-en.vsd
IEC06000648 V3 EN
Figure 218:
RCADir set to 0
393
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Uref
RCADir = 90 , ROADir = 90
3I0
3I0 cos
= ang (3I0 ) ang (Uref )
3U0
IEC06000649_3_en.vsd
IEC06000649 V3 EN
Figure 219:
For trip, both the residual current 3I0cos and the release voltage 3U0, must be
larger than the set levels: INCosPhi> and UNRel>.
Trip from this function can be blocked from the binary input BLKTRDIR.
When the function is activated binary output signals START and STDIRIN are
activated. If the activation is active after the set delay tDef the binary output signals
TRIP and TRDIRIN are activated. The trip from this sub-function has definite time
delay.
There is a possibility to increase the operate level for currents where the angle is
larger than a set value as shown in figure 220. This is equivalent to blocking of the
function if > ROADir. This option is used to handle angle error for the instrument
transformers.
394
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
RCADir = 0o
3I0
Operate area
j
3I0 cos j
-3U0 = Uref
ROADir
IEC06000650_2_en.vsd
IEC06000650 V2 EN
Figure 220:
395
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
RCADir = 0
Operate area
-3U0 =Uref
Instrument
transformer
angle error
RCAcomp
Characteristic after
angle compensation
3I0 (prim)
en06000651.vsd
IEC06000651 V2 EN
Figure 221:
Explanation of RCAComp
396
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
EQUATION1942 V2 EN
Operate area
3I0
80
-3U0
en06000652.vsd
IEC06000652 V2 EN
Figure 222:
Example of characteristic
For trip, both the residual current 3I0 and the release voltage 3U0, shall be larger
than the set levels INDir> and UNREL> and the angle shall be in the set sector
ROADir and RCADir.
Trip from this function can be blocked from the binary input BLKTRDIR.
When the function is activated binary output signals START and STDIRIN are
activated. If the activation is active after the set delay tDef the binary output signals
TRIP and TRDIRIN are activated.
The function indicate forward/reverse direction to the fault. Reverse direction is
defined as is within the angle sector: RCADir + 180 ROADir
This variant shall have definite time delay.
397
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Directional functions
For all the directional functions there are directional start signals STFW: fault in
the forward direction, and STRV: start in the reverse direction. Even if the
directional function is set to operate for faults in the forward direction a fault in the
reverse direction will give the start signal STRV. Also if the directional function is
set to operate for faults in the reverse direction a fault in the forward direction will
give the start signal STFW.
This function will measure the residual current without checking the phase angle.
The function will be used to detect cross-country faults. This function can serve as
alternative or back-up to distance protection with phase preference logic. To assure
selectivity the distance protection can block the non-directional earth fault current
function via the input BLKNDN.
If available the non-directional function is using the calculated residual current,
derived as sum of the phase currents. This will give a better ability to detect crosscountry faults with high residual current, also when dedicated core balance CT for
the sensitive earth fault protection will saturate.
This variant shall have the possibility of choice between definite time delay and
inverse time delay. The inverse time delay shall be according to IEC 60255-3.
For trip, the residual current 3I0 shall be larger than the set levels (INNonDir>).
Trip from this function can be blocked from the binary input BLKNDN.
When the function is activated binary output signal STNDIN is activated. If the
activation is active after the set delay tINNonDir or after the inverse time delay the
binary output signals TRIP and TRNDIN are activated.
The directional function shall be released when the residual voltage gets higher
than a set level.
There shall also be a separate trip, with its own definite time delay, from this set
voltage level.
For trip, the residual voltage 3U0 shall be larger than the set levels (UN>).
Trip from this function can be blocked from the binary input BLKUN.
When the function is activated binary output signal STUN is activated. If the
activation is active after the set delay tUNNonDir TRIP and TRUN are activated. A
simplified logical diagram of the total function is shown in figure 223.
398
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
STNDIN
INNonDir>
t
TRNDIN
TRUN
STUN
UN>
OpMODE=3I0cosfi
IN>
&
INcosPhi>
OpMODE=3I03U0cosfi
&
STARTDIRIN
&
INUNcosPhi>
SN
&
TRDIRIN
TimeChar = InvTime
&
OpMODE=3I0 and fi
TimeChar = DefTime
DirMode = Forward
&
&
1
STFW
Forward
DirMode = Reverse
&
STRV
Reverse
en06000653.vsd
IEC06000653 V2 EN
Figure 223:
7.6.3
Function block
SDEPSDE
I3P*
U3P*
BLOCK
BLKTR
BLKTRDIR
BLKNDN
BLKUN
TRIP
TRDIRIN
TRNDIN
TRUN
START
STDIRIN
STNDIN
STUN
STFW
STRV
STDIR
UNREL
IEC07000032-2-en.vsd
IEC07000032 V2 EN
Figure 224:
399
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
7.6.4
Default
Description
I3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
BLKTR
BOOLEAN
BLKTRDIR
BOOLEAN
BLKNDN
BOOLEAN
BLKUN
BOOLEAN
Table 209:
Name
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
TRDIRIN
BOOLEAN
TRNDIN
BOOLEAN
TRUN
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
STDIRIN
BOOLEAN
STNDIN
BOOLEAN
STUN
BOOLEAN
STFW
BOOLEAN
STRV
BOOLEAN
STDIR
INTEGER
UNREL
BOOLEAN
400
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
7.6.5
Table 210:
Setting parameters
SDEPSDE Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
OpMode
3I0Cosfi
3I03U0Cosfi
3I0 and fi
3I0Cosfi
DirMode
Forward
Reverse
Forward
RCADir
-179 - 180
Deg
-90
RCAComp
-10.0 - 10.0
Deg
0.1
0.0
ROADir
0 - 90
Deg
90
INCosPhi>
0.25 - 200.00
%IB
0.01
1.00
SN>
0.25 - 200.00
%SB
0.01
10.00
INDir>
0.25 - 200.00
%IB
0.01
5.00
tDef
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.100
SRef
0.03 - 200.00
%SB
0.01
10.00
kSN
0.00 - 2.00
0.01
0.10
OpINNonDir>
Off
On
Off
INNonDir>
1.00 - 400.00
%IB
0.01
10.00
tINNonDir
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
1.000
TimeChar
401
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
tMin
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.040
kIN
0.00 - 2.00
0.01
1.00
OpUN>
Off
On
Off
UN>
1.00 - 200.00
%UB
0.01
20.00
tUN
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.100
INRel>
0.25 - 200.00
%IB
0.01
1.00
UNRel>
0.01 - 200.00
%UB
0.01
3.00
Step
Default
Table 211:
Name
Step
Default
Description
Unit
tReset
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.040
tPCrv
0.005 - 3.000
0.001
1.000
tACrv
0.005 - 200.000
0.001
13.500
tBCrv
0.00 - 20.00
0.01
0.00
tCCrv
0.1 - 10.0
0.1
1.0
ResetTypeCrv
Immediate
IEC Reset
ANSI reset
IEC Reset
tPRCrv
0.005 - 3.000
0.001
0.500
tTRCrv
0.005 - 100.000
0.001
13.500
tCRCrv
0.1 - 10.0
0.1
1.0
Table 212:
Name
Description
Unit
Step
Default
Description
IBase
1 - 99999
100
Base Current, in A
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
63.50
SBase
0.05 200000000.00
kVA
0.05
6350.00
402
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Table 213:
Name
RotResU
7.6.6
Values (Range)
0 deg
180 deg
Unit
Step
Default
Description
180 deg
Technical data
Table 214:
Function
Operate level for 3I0cosj
directional residual overcurrent
Range or value
(0.25-200.00)% of lBase
At low setting:
(2.5-10) mA
(10-50) mA
(0.25-200.00)% of SBase
At low setting:
(0.25-5.00)% of SBase
(0.25-200.00)% of lBase
At low setting:
(2.5-10) mA
(10-50) mA
(1.00-400.00)% of lBase
At low setting:
(10-50) mA
Accuracy
1.0% of Ir at I Ir
1.0% of I at I > Ir
0.5 mA
1.0 mA
1.0% of Sr at S Sr
1.0% of S at S > Sr
10% of set value
1.0% of Ir at Ir
1.0% of I at I > Ir
0.5 mA
1.0 mA
1.0% of Ir at I Ir
1.0% of I at I > Ir
1.0 mA
(1.00-200.00)% of UBase
0.5% of Ur at UUr
0.5% of U at U > Ur
(0.25-200.00)% of lBase
1.0% of Ir at I Ir
1.0% of I at I > Ir
At low setting:
(2.5-10) mA
(10-50) mA
0.5 mA
1.0 mA
(0.01-200.00)% of UBase
0.5% of Ur at UUr
0.5% of U at U > Ur
Reset ratio
> 95%
Timers
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
19 curve types
2.0 degrees
(0-90) degrees
2.0 degrees
60 ms typically at 0 to 2 x Iset
60 ms typically at 2 to 0 x Iset
50 ms typically at 2 to 0 x Iset
403
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
7.7
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
LPTTR
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
26
SYMBOL-A V1 EN
7.7.1
Introduction
The increasing utilizing of the power system closer to the thermal limits has
generated a need of a thermal overload protection also for power lines.
A thermal overload will often not be detected by other protection functions and the
introduction of the thermal overload protection can allow the protected circuit to
operate closer to the thermal limits.
The three-phase current measuring protection has an I2t characteristic with settable
time constant and a thermal memory.
An alarm level gives early warning to allow operators to take action well before the
line is tripped.
7.7.2
Principle of operation
The sampled analog phase currents are pre-processed and for each phase current
the RMS value is derived. These phase current values are fed to the thermal
overload protection, one time constant function LPTTR.
From the largest of the three-phase currents a final temperature is calculated
according to the expression:
Q final
I
=
I ref
Tref
EQUATION1167 V1 EN
(Equation 91)
where:
I
Iref
Tref
404
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Qn = Qn -1 + ( Q final - Q n-1 ) 1 - e t
EQUATION1168 V1 EN
(Equation 92)
where:
Qn
Qn-1
Qfinal
Dt
is the set thermal time constant for the protected device (line or cable)
Q
- Qoperate
toperate = -t ln final
Q final - Q n
EQUATION1169 V1 EN
(Equation 93)
405
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Q
- Qlockout _ release
tlockout _ release = -t ln final
Q final - Q n
(Equation 94)
EQUATION1170 V1 EN
Here the final temperature is equal to the set or measured ambient temperature. The
calculated time to reset of lockout is available as a real figure signal, TENRECL.
In some applications the measured current can involve a number of parallel lines.
This is often used for cable lines where one bay connects several parallel cables.
By setting the parameter IMult to the number of parallel lines (cables) the actual
current on one line is used in the protection algorithm. To activate this option the
input ENMULT must be activated.
The protection has a reset input: RESET. By activating this input the calculated
temperature is reset to its default initial value. This is useful during testing when
secondary injected current has given a calculated false temperature level.
START
Final Temp
> TripTemp
actual temperature
Calculation
of actual
temperature
Calculation
of final
temperature
Actual Temp >
AlarmTemp
ALARM
TRIP
Actual Temp
> TripTemp
Lockout
logic
LOCKOUT
Actual Temp
< Recl Temp
Calculation
of time to
trip
Calculation
of time to
reset of
lockout
TTRIP
TENRECL
IEC09000637_1_en.vsd
IEC09000637 V1 EN
Figure 225:
406
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
7.7.3
Function block
LPTTR
I3P*
BLOCK
BLKTR
ENMULT
AMBTEMP
SENSFLT
RESET
TRIP
START
ALARM
LOCKOUT
IEC04000396-2-en.vsd
IEC04000396 V3 EN
Figure 226:
7.7.4
Name
Type
Table 217:
Description
GROUP
SIGNAL
Group connection
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
BLKTR
BOOLEAN
Block of trip
ENMULT
BOOLEAN
AMBTEMP
REAL
SENSFLT
BOOLEAN
RESET
BOOLEAN
Table 216:
Name
7.7.5
Default
I3P
Type
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
Trip
START
BOOLEAN
Start Signal
ALARM
BOOLEAN
Alarm signal
LOCKOUT
BOOLEAN
Lockout signal
Setting parameters
LPTTR Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
IBase
0 - 99999
3000
Base current in A
TRef
0 - 600
Deg
90
407
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
IRef
0 - 400
%IB
100
IMult
1-5
Tau
0 - 1000
Min
45
AlarmTemp
0 - 200
Deg
80
TripTemp
0 - 600
Deg
90
ReclTemp
0 - 600
Deg
75
tPulse
0.05 - 0.30
0.01
0.1
AmbiSens
Off
On
Off
DefaultAmbTemp
-50 - 250
Deg
20
DefaultTemp
-50 - 600
Deg
50
7.7.6
Technical data
Table 218:
Function
Range or value
Accuracy
Reference current
(0-400)% of IBase
1.0% of Ir
Reference temperature
(0-400)C
1.0C
Operate time:
Alarm temperature
(0-200)C
Trip temperature
(0-400)C
(0-400)C
I 2 - I p2
t = t ln 2
I - Ib 2
EQUATION1356 V1 EN
(Equation 95)
7.8
408
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Function description
Breaker failure protection
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
CCRBRF
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
50BF
3I>BF
SYMBOL-U V1 EN
7.8.1
Introduction
Breaker failure protection (CCRBRF) ensures fast back-up tripping of surrounding
breakers in case the own breaker fails to open. CCRBRF can be current based,
contact based, or an adaptive combination of these two conditions.
Current check with extremely short reset time is used as check criterion to achieve
high security against unnecessary operation.
Contact check criteria can be used where the fault current through the breaker is small.
CCRBRF can be single- or three-phase initiated to allow use with single phase
tripping applications. For the three-phase version of CCRBRF the current criteria
can be set to operate only if two out of four for example, two phases or one phase
plus the residual current start. This gives a higher security to the back-up trip
command.
CCRBRF function can be programmed to give a single- or three-phase re-trip of
the own breaker to avoid unnecessary tripping of surrounding breakers at an
incorrect initiation due to mistakes during testing.
7.8.2
Principle of operation
Breaker failure protection CCRBRF is initiated from protection trip command,
either from protection functions within the IED or from external protection devices.
The start signal can be phase selective or general (for all three phases). Phase
selective start signals enable single pole re-trip function. This means that a second
attempt to open the breaker is done. The re-trip attempt can be made after a set
time delay. For transmission lines single pole trip and autoreclosing is often used.
The re-trip function can be phase selective if it is initiated from phase selective line
protection. The re-trip function can be done with or without current check. With
the current check the re-trip is only performed if the current through the circuit
breaker is larger than the operate current level.
The start signal can be an internal or external protection trip signal. This signal will
start the back-up trip timer. If the opening of the breaker is successful this is
detected by the function, by detection of either low current through RMS
evaluation and a special adapted current algorithm or by open contact indication.
The special algorithm enables a very fast detection of successful breaker opening,
that is, fast resetting of the current measurement. If the current and/or contact
409
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
detection has not detected breaker opening before the back-up timer has run its
time a back-up trip is initiated.
Further the following possibilities are available:
The minimum length of the re-trip pulse, the back-up trip pulse and the backup trip pulse 2 are settable. The re-trip pulse, the back-up trip pulse and the backup trip pulse 2 will however sustain as long as there is an indication of closed
breaker.
In the current detection it is possible to use three different options: 1 out of 3
where it is sufficient to detect failure to open (high current) in one pole, 1 out
of 4 where it is sufficient to detect failure to open (high current) in one pole or
high residual current and 2 out of 4 where at least two current (phase current and/
or residual current) shall be high for breaker failure detection.
The current detection level for the residual current can be set different from the
setting of phase current detection.
It is possible to have different back-up time delays for single-phase faults and
for multi-phase faults.
The back-up trip can be made without current check. It is possible to have this
option activated for small load currents only.
It is possible to have instantaneous back-up trip function if a signal is high if
the circuit breaker is insufficient to clear faults, for example at low gas pressure.
START
STL1
30 ms
OR
BFP Started L1
150 ms
AND
S
R
BLOCK
Reset L1
SR
AND
Time out L1
OR
OR
IEC09000976-1-en.vsd
IEC09000976 V1 EN
Figure 227:
410
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
IP>
a
b
FunctionMode
a>b
Current
OR
AND
Reset L1
OR
Contact
Time out L1
OR
IL1
AND
Current High L1
CB Closed L1
AND
OR
BFP Started L1
a
I>BlkCont
AND
a>b
AND
OR
AND
CBCLDL1
Contact Closed L1
AND
IEC09000977-1-en.vsd
IEC09000977 V1 EN
Figure 228:
BFP Started L1
RetripMode
t1
t
From other
phases
No CBPos Check
1
CBFLT
OR
CB Pos Check
CB Closed L1
TRRETL3
TRRETL2
OR
tPulse
OR
TRRET
TRRETL1
OR
AND
AND
IEC09000978-1-en.vsd
IEC09000978 V1 EN
Figure 229:
411
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
IN
IN>
BUTripMode
1
From other
phases
a>b
AND
Contact Closed L1
2 out of 4
1 out of 4
1 out of 3
Current High L2
Current High L3
OR
OR
Current High L1
CBFLT
AND
AND
t2
BFP Started L1
t2MPh
AND
OR
From other
phases
BFP Started L2
AND
OR
AND
Backup Trip L1
OR
tPulse
OR
2 of 3
OR
TRBU
tPulse
BFP Started L3
t3
S
AND
SR
OR
TRBU2
IEC09000979-1-en.vsd
IEC09000979 V1 EN
Figure 230:
Internal logical signals Current High L1, Current High L2, Current High L3 have
logical value 1 when current in respective phase has magnitude larger than setting
parameter IP>.
7.8.3
Function block
CCRBRF
I3P*
BLOCK
START
STL1
STL2
STL3
CBCLDL1
CBCLDL2
CBCLDL3
CBFLT
TRBU
TRBU2
TRRET
TRRETL1
TRRETL2
TRRETL3
CBALARM
IEC06000188-2-en.vsd
IEC06000188 V2 EN
Figure 231:
412
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
7.8.4
Name
Type
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
START
BOOLEAN
STL1
BOOLEAN
STL2
BOOLEAN
STL3
BOOLEAN
CBCLDL1
BOOLEAN
CBCLDL2
BOOLEAN
CBCLDL3
BOOLEAN
CBFLT
BOOLEAN
Name
Table 221:
Description
I3P
Table 220:
7.8.5
Default
Type
Description
TRBU
BOOLEAN
TRBU2
BOOLEAN
TRRET
BOOLEAN
TRRETL1
BOOLEAN
TRRETL2
BOOLEAN
TRRETL3
BOOLEAN
CBALARM
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
CCRBRF Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
Base current
FunctionMode
Current
Contact
Current&Contact
Current
413
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
BuTripMode
2 out of 4
1 out of 3
1 out of 4
1 out of 3
RetripMode
Retrip Off
CB Pos Check
No CBPos Check
Retrip Off
IP>
5 - 200
%IB
10
IN>
2 - 200
%IB
10
t1
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
t2
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.150
t2MPh
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.150
tPulse
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.200
Table 222:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
I>BlkCont
5 - 200
%IB
20
t3
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.030
tCBAlarm
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
5.000
7.8.6
Technical data
Table 223:
Function
Range or value
Accuracy
Operate phase
current
(5-200)% of lBase
1.0% of Ir at I Ir
1.0% of I at I > Ir
> 95%
Operate residual
current
(2-200)% of lBase
1.0% of Ir at I Ir
1.0% of I at I > Ir
> 95%
(5-200)% of lBase
1.0% of Ir at I Ir
1.0% of I at I > Ir
Reset ratio
> 95%
Timers
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
10 ms typically
15 ms maximum
414
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
7.9
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
STBPTOC
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
50STB
3I>STUB
SYMBOL-T V1 EN
7.9.1
Introduction
When a power line is taken out of service for maintenance and the line
disconnector is opened in multi-breaker arrangements the voltage transformers will
mostly be outside on the disconnected part. The primary line distance protection
will thus not be able to operate and must be blocked.
The stub protection STBPTOC covers the zone between the current transformers
and the open disconnector. The three-phase instantaneous overcurrent function is
released from a normally open, NO (b) auxiliary contact on the line disconnector.
7.9.2
Principle of operation
The sampled analog phase currents are pre-processed in a discrete Fourier filter
(DFT) block. From the fundamental frequency components of each phase current
the RMS value of each phase current is derived. These phase current values are fed
to a comparator in the stub protection function STBPTOC. In a comparator the
RMS values are compared to the set operating current value of the function I>.
If a phase current is larger than the set operating current the signal from the
comparator for this phase is activated. This signal will, in combination with the
release signal from line disconnection (RELEASE input), activate the timer for the
TRIP signal. If the fault current remains during the timer delay t, the TRIP output
signal is activated. The function can be blocked by activation of the BLOCK input.
415
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
BLOCK
TRIP
AND
STIL1
OR
STIL2
STIL3
RELEASE
en05000731.vsd
IEC05000731 V1 EN
Figure 232:
7.9.3
Function block
STBPTOC
I3P*
BLOCK
BLKTR
RELEASE
TRIP
START
IEC05000678-2-en.vsd
IEC05000678 V2 EN
Figure 233:
7.9.4
Default
Description
I3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
BLKTR
BOOLEAN
Block of trip
RELEASE
BOOLEAN
Table 225:
Name
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
Trip
START
BOOLEAN
General start
416
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
7.9.5
Table 226:
Setting parameters
STBPTOC Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
Base current
ReleaseMode
Release
Continuous
Release
I>
1 - 2500
%IB
200
Table 227:
Name
t
7.9.6
7.10
Values (Range)
Unit
0.000 - 60.000
Step
0.001
Default
Description
0.000
Time delay
Technical data
Table 228:
Function
Range or value
Accuracy
Operating current
(1-2500)% of IBase
1.0% of Ir at I Ir
1.0% of I at I > Ir
Reset ratio
> 95%
Definite time
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
20 ms typically at 0 to 2 x Iset
Resetting time,
startfunction
25 ms typically at 2 to 0 x Iset
10 ms typically at 0 to 2 x Iset
15 ms typically
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
CCRPLD
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
52PD
PD
SYMBOL-S V1 EN
417
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
7.10.1
Introduction
An open phase can cause negative and zero sequence currents which cause thermal
stress on rotating machines and can cause unwanted operation of zero sequence or
negative sequence current functions.
Normally the own breaker is tripped to correct such a situation. If the situation
persists the surrounding breakers should be tripped to clear the unsymmetrical load
situation.
The Polediscordance protection function CCRPLD operates based on information
from auxiliary contacts of the circuit breaker for the three phases with additional
criteria from unsymmetrical phase currents when required.
7.10.2
Principle of operation
The detection of pole discordance can be made in two different ways. If the contact
based function is used an external logic can be made by connecting the auxiliary
contacts of the circuit breaker so that a pole discordance is indicated, see figure 234.
circuit breaker
Figure 234:
This binary signal is connected to a binary input of the IED. The appearance of this
signal will start a timer that will give a trip signal after the set time delay.
There is also a possibility to connect all phase selective auxiliary contacts (phase
contact open and phase contact closed) to binary inputs of the IED, see figure 235.
418
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
C.B.
IEC05000288 V1 EN
Figure 235:
In this case the logic is realized within the function. If the inputs are indicating pole
discordance the trip timer is started. This timer will give a trip signal after the set
delay.
Pole discordance can also be detected by means of phase selective current
measurement. The sampled analog phase currents are pre-processed in a discrete
Fourier filter (DFT) block. From the fundamental frequency components of each
phase current the RMS value of each phase current is derived. The smallest and the
largest phase current are derived. If the smallest phase current is lower than the
setting CurrUnsymLevel times the largest phase current the settable trip timer
(tTrip) is started. The tTrip timer gives a trip signal after the set delay. The TRIP
signal is a pulse 150 ms long. The current based pole discordance function can be
set to be active either continuously or only directly in connection to breaker open
or close command.
The function also has a binary input that can be configured from the autoreclosing
function, so that the pole discordance function can be blocked during sequences
with a single pole open if single pole autoreclosing is used.
The simplified block diagram of the current and contact based Pole discordance
protection function CCRPLD is shown in figure 236.
419
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
BLOCK
OR
BLKDBYAR
PolPosAuxCont
AND
POLE1OPN
POLE1CL
POLE2OPN
POLE2CL
POLE3OPN
POLE3CL
Discordance
detection
AND
t
t
150 ms
TRIP
OR
PD Signal from CB
AND
EXTPDIND
CLOSECMD
t+200 ms
OR
OPENCMD
AND
Unsymmetry current
detection
en05000747.vsd
IEC05000747 V1 EN
Figure 236:
Simplified block diagram of pole discordance function CCRPLD contact and current based
The IED is in TEST mode and CCRPLD has been blocked from the local HMI
The input signal BLOCK is high
The input signal BLKDBYAR is high
The BLOCK signal is a general purpose blocking signal of the pole discordance
protection. It can be connected to a binary input in the IED in order to receive a
block command from external devices or can be software connected to other
internal functions in the IED itself in order to receive a block command from
internal functions. Through OR gate it can be connected to both binary inputs and
internal function outputs.
The BLKDBYAR signal blocks the pole discordance operation when a single
phase autoreclosing cycle is in progress. It can be connected to the output signal
1PT1 on SMBRRECfunction block. If the autoreclosing function is an external
device, then BLKDBYAR has to be connected to a binary input in the IED and this
binary input is connected to a signalization 1phase autoreclosing in progress
from the external autoreclosing device.
If the pole discordance protection is enabled, then two different criteria can
generate a trip signal TRIP:
420
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
7.10.2.1
7.10.2.2
any phase current is lower than CurrUnsymLevel of the highest current in the
three phases.
the highest phase current is greater than CurrRelLevel of IBase.
If these conditions are true, an unsymmetrical condition is detected and the internal
signal INPS is turned high. This detection is enabled to generate a trip after a set
time delay tTrip if the detection occurs in the next 200 ms after the circuit breaker
has received a command to open trip or close and if the unbalance persists. The 200
ms limitation is for avoiding unwanted operation during unsymmetrical load
conditions.
The pole discordance protection is informed that a trip or close command has been
given to the circuit breaker through the inputs CLOSECMD (for closing command
information) and OPENCMD (for opening command information). These inputs
can be connected to terminal binary inputs if the information are generated from
the field (that is from auxiliary contacts of the close and open push buttons) or may
be software connected to the outputs of other integrated functions (that is close
command from a control function or a general trip from integrated protections).
7.10.3
Function block
CCRPLD
I3P*
BLOCK
BLKDBYAR
CLOSECMD
OPENCMD
EXTPDIND
POLE1OPN
POLE1CL
POLE2OPN
POLE2CL
POLE3OPN
POLE3CL
TRIP
START
IEC06000275-2-en.vsd
IEC06000275 V2 EN
Figure 237:
421
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
7.10.4
Name
Type
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
BLKDBYAR
BOOLEAN
CLOSECMD
BOOLEAN
Close order to CB
OPENCMD
BOOLEAN
Open order to CB
EXTPDIND
BOOLEAN
POLE1OPN
BOOLEAN
POLE1CL
BOOLEAN
POLE2OPN
BOOLEAN
POLE2CL
BOOLEAN
POLE3OPN
BOOLEAN
POLE3CL
BOOLEAN
Name
Table 231:
Name
Description
I3P
Table 230:
7.10.5
Default
Type
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
Trip signal to CB
START
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
CCRPLD Group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
Base current
tTrip
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.300
ContSel
Off
PD signal from CB
Pole pos aux cont.
Off
CurrSel
Off
CB oper monitor
Continuous monitor
Off
CurrUnsymLevel
0 - 100
80
CurrRelLevel
0 - 100
%IB
10
422
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
7.10.6
Technical data
Table 232:
Function
7.11
Range or value
Accuracy
Operate current
(0100)% of IBase
1.0% of Ir
Time delay
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
IEC 61850
identification
GUPPDUP
IEC 60617
identification
P<
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
37
SYMBOL-LL V1 EN
7.11.1
Introduction
The task of a generator in a power plant is to convert mechanical energy available
as a torque on a rotating shaft to electric energy.
Sometimes, the mechanical power from a prime mover may decrease so much that
it does not cover bearing losses and ventilation losses. Then, the synchronous
generator becomes a synchronous motor and starts to take electric power from the
rest of the power system. This operating state, where individual synchronous
machines operate as motors, implies no risk for the machine itself. If the generator
under consideration is very large and if it consumes lots of electric power, it may
be desirable to disconnect it to ease the task for the rest of the power system.
Often, the motoring condition may imply that the turbine is in a very dangerous
state. The task of the reverse power protection is to protect the turbine and not to
protect the generator itself.
Figure 238 illustrates the low forward power and reverse power protection with
underpower and overpower functions respectively. The underpower IED gives a
higher margin and should provide better dependability. On the other hand, the risk
for unwanted operation immediately after synchronization may be higher. One
should set the underpower IED to trip if the active power from the generator is less
than about 2%. One should set the overpower IED to trip if the power flow from
the network to the generator is higher than 1% depending on the type of turbine.
When IED with a metering class input CTs is used pickup can be set to more
sensitive value (e.g.0,5% or even to 0,2%).
423
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Underpower IED
Operate
Line
Overpower IED
Operate
Line
Margin
Margin
Operating point
without
turbine torque
Operating point
without
turbine torque
IEC06000315-2-en.vsd
IEC06000315 V2 EN
Figure 238:
7.11.2
Principle of operation
A simplified scheme showing the principle of the power protection function is
shown in figure 239. The function has two stages with individual settings.
Chosen current
phasors
Chosen voltage
phasors
P
Complex
power
calculation
Derivation of
S(composant)
in Char angle
S(angle)
S(angle) <
Power1
TRIP1
START1
S(angle) <
Power2
TRIP2
START2
P = POWRE
Q = POWIM
IEC09000018-2-en.vsd
IEC09000018 V2 EN
Figure 239:
The function will use voltage and current phasors calculated in the pre-processing
blocks. The apparent complex power is calculated according to chosen formula as
shown in table 233.
424
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Table 233:
Set value: Mode
L1, L2, L3
S = U L1 I L1* + U L 2 I L 2* + U L 3 I L 3*
(Equation 96)
EQUATION1697 V1 EN
Arone
S = U L1L 2 I L1* - U L 2 L 3 I L 3*
EQUATION1698 V1 EN
PosSeq
S = 3 U PosSeq I PosSeq *
EQUATION1699 V1 EN
L1L2
(Equation 102)
S = 3 U L 2 I L 2*
EQUATION1704 V1 EN
L3
(Equation 101)
S = 3 U L1 I L1*
EQUATION1703 V1 EN
L2
(Equation 100)
S = U L 3 L1 ( I L 3* - I L1* )
EQUATION1702 V1 EN
L1
(Equation 99)
S = U L 2 L 3 ( I L 2* - I L 3* )
EQUATION1701 V1 EN
L3L1
(Equation 98)
S = U L1L 2 ( I L1* - I L 2* )
EQUATION1700 V1 EN
L2L3
(Equation 97)
(Equation 103)
S = 3 U L 3 I L 3*
EQUATION1705 V1 EN
(Equation 104)
The active and reactive power is available from the function and can be used for
monitoring and fault recording.
The component of the complex power S = P + jQ in the direction Angle1(2) is
calculated. If this angle is 0 the active power component P is calculated. If this
angle is 90 the reactive power component Q is calculated.
The calculated power component is compared to the power pick up setting
Power1(2). For directional underpower protection, a start signal START1(2) is
activated if the calculated power component is smaller than the pick up value. For
directional overpower protection, a start signal START1(2) is activated if the
calculated power component is larger than the pick up value. After a set time delay
TripDelay1(2) a trip TRIP1(2) signal is activated if the start signal is still active. At
activation of any of the two stages a common signal START will be activated. At
trip from any of the two stages also a common signal TRIP will be activated.
To avoid instability there is a settable hysteresis in the power function. The
absolute hysteresis of the stage1(2) is Hysteresis1(2) = abs (Power1(2) + droppower1(2)). For generator low forward power protection the power setting is very
425
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
low, normally down to 0.02 p.u. of rated generator power. The hysteresis should
therefore be set to a smaller value. The drop-power value of stage1 can be
calculated with the Power1(2), Hysteresis1(2): drop-power1(2) = Power1(2) +
Hysteresis1(2)
For small power1 values the hysteresis1 may not be too big, because the droppower1(2) would be too small. In such cases, the hysteresis1 greater than (0.5
Power1(2)) is corrected to the minimal value.
If the measured power drops under the drop-power1(2) value, the function will
reset after a set time DropDelay1(2). The reset means that the start signal will drop
out and that the timer of the stage will reset.
7.11.2.1
EQUATION1959 V1 EN
Where
S
Sold
is the measured value given from the function in previous execution cycle
is settable parameter by the end user which influence the filter properties
Default value for parameter k is 0.00. With this value the new calculated value is
immediately given out without any filtering (that is without any additional delay).
When k is set to value bigger than 0, the filtering is enabled. A typical value for
k=0.92 in case of slow operating functions.
7.11.2.2
426
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
IEC05000652 V2 EN
Figure 240:
Calibration curves
The first current and voltage phase in the group signals will be used as reference
and the amplitude and angle compensation will be used for related input signals.
Analog outputs (Monitored data) from the function can be used for service values
or in the disturbance report. The active power is provided as MW value: P, or in
percent of base power: PPERCENT. The reactive power is provided as Mvar value:
Q, or in percent of base power: QPERCENT.
7.11.3
Function block
GUPPDUP
I3P*
U3P*
BLOCK
BLOCK1
BLOCK2
TRIP
TRIP1
TRIP2
START
START1
START2
P
PPERCENT
Q
QPERCENT
IEC07000027-2-en.vsd
IEC07000027 V2 EN
Figure 241:
427
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
7.11.4
Name
Type
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
BLOCK1
BOOLEAN
Block of stage 1
BLOCK2
BOOLEAN
Block of stage 2
Name
Table 236:
Name
Description
I3P
Table 235:
7.11.5
Default
Type
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
TRIP1
BOOLEAN
Trip of stage 1
TRIP2
BOOLEAN
Trip of stage 2
START
BOOLEAN
Common start
START1
BOOLEAN
Start of stage 1
START2
BOOLEAN
Start of stage 2
REAL
Active Power in MW
PPERCENT
REAL
REAL
QPERCENT
REAL
Setting parameters
GUPPDUP Group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
OpMode1
Off
UnderPower
UnderPower
Operation mode 1
Power1
0.0 - 500.0
%SB
0.1
1.0
Angle1
-180.0 - 180.0
Deg
0.1
0.0
TripDelay1
0.010 - 6000.000
0.001
1.000
DropDelay1
0.010 - 6000.000
0.001
0.060
OpMode2
Off
UnderPower
UnderPower
Operation mode 2
Power2
0.0 - 500.0
%SB
0.1
1.0
Angle2
-180.0 - 180.0
Deg
0.1
0.0
TripDelay2
0.010 - 6000.000
0.001
1.000
DropDelay2
0.010 - 6000.000
0.001
0.060
428
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Table 237:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
0.000 - 0.999
0.001
0.000
Hysteresis1
0.2 - 5.0
pu
0.1
0.5
Hysteresis2
0.2 - 5.0
pu
0.1
0.5
IAmpComp5
-10.000 - 10.000
0.001
0.000
IAmpComp30
-10.000 - 10.000
0.001
0.000
IAmpComp100
-10.000 - 10.000
0.001
0.000
UAmpComp5
-10.000 - 10.000
0.001
0.000
UAmpComp30
-10.000 - 10.000
0.001
0.000
UAmpComp100
-10.000 - 10.000
0.001
0.000
IAngComp5
-10.000 - 10.000
Deg
0.001
0.000
IAngComp30
-10.000 - 10.000
Deg
0.001
0.000
IAngComp100
-10.000 - 10.000
Deg
0.001
0.000
Table 238:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
Mode
L1, L2, L3
Arone
Pos Seq
L1L2
L2L3
L3L1
L1
L2
L3
Pos Seq
7.11.6
Technical data
Table 239:
Function
Power level
Range or value
(0.0500.0)% of SBase
At low setting:
(0.5-2.0)% of SBase
(2.0-10)% of SBase
Accuracy
1.0% of Sr at S < Sr
1.0% of S at S > Sr
< 50% of set value
< 20% of set value
Characteristic angle
(-180.0180.0) degrees
2 degrees
Timers
(0.00-6000.00) s
0.5% 10 ms
429
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
7.12
IEC 61850
identification
GOPPDOP
IEC 60617
identification
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
32
P>
DOCUMENT172362-IMG158942
V1 EN
7.12.1
Introduction
The task of a generator in a power plant is to convert mechanical energy available
as a torque on a rotating shaft to electric energy.
Sometimes, the mechanical power from a prime mover may decrease so much that
it does not cover bearing losses and ventilation losses. Then, the synchronous
generator becomes a synchronous motor and starts to take electric power from the
rest of the power system. This operating state, where individual synchronous
machines operate as motors, implies no risk for the machine itself. If the generator
under consideration is very large and if it consumes lots of electric power, it may
be desirable to disconnect it to ease the task for the rest of the power system.
Often, the motoring condition may imply that the turbine is in a very dangerous
state. The task of the reverse power protection is to protect the turbine and not to
protect the generator itself.
Figure 242 illustrates the low forward power and reverse power protection with
underpower and overpower functions respectively. The underpower IED gives a
higher margin and should provide better dependability. On the other hand, the risk
for unwanted operation immediately after synchronization may be higher. One
should set the underpower IED to trip if the active power from the generator is less
than about 2%. One should set the overpower IED to trip if the power flow from
the network to the generator is higher than 1%.
When IED with a metering class input CTs is used pickup can be set to more
sensitive value (e.g.0,5% or even to 0,2%).
430
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Underpower IED
Operate
Line
Overpower IED
Operate
Line
Margin
Margin
Operating point
without
turbine torque
Operating point
without
turbine torque
IEC06000315-2-en.vsd
IEC06000315 V2 EN
Figure 242:
7.12.2
Principle of operation
A simplified scheme showing the principle of the power protection function is
shown in figure 243. The function has two stages with individual settings.
Chosen current
phasors
Chosen voltage
phasors
P
Complex
power
calculation
Derivation of
S(composant)
in Char angle
S(angle)
S(angle) >
Power1
TRIP1
START1
S(angle) >
Power2
TRIP2
START2
P = POWRE
Q = POWIM
IEC06000567-2-en.vsd
IEC06000567 V2 EN
Figure 243:
The function will use voltage and current phasors calculated in the pre-processing
blocks. The apparent complex power is calculated according to chosen formula as
shown in table 240.
431
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
Table 240:
Set value: Mode
L1, L2, L3
S = U L1 I L1* + U L 2 I L 2* + U L 3 I L 3*
(Equation 106)
EQUATION1697 V1 EN
Arone
S = U L1L 2 I L1* - U L 2 L 3 I L 3*
(Equation 107)
EQUATION1698 V1 EN
PosSeq
S = 3 U PosSeq I PosSeq *
(Equation 108)
EQUATION1699 V1 EN
L1L2
S = U L1L 2 ( I L1* - I L 2* )
(Equation 109)
EQUATION1700 V1 EN
L2L3
S = U L 2 L 3 ( I L 2* - I L 3* )
(Equation 110)
EQUATION1701 V1 EN
L3L1
S = U L 3 L1 ( I L 3* - I L1* )
EQUATION1702 V1 EN
L1
S = 3 U L1 I L1*
EQUATION1703 V1 EN
L2
(Equation 112)
S = 3 U L 2 I L 2*
EQUATION1704 V1 EN
L3
(Equation 111)
(Equation 113)
S = 3 U L 3 I L 3*
EQUATION1705 V1 EN
(Equation 114)
The active and reactive power is available from the function and can be used for
monitoring and fault recording.
The component of the complex power S = P + jQ in the direction Angle1(2) is
calculated. If this angle is 0 the active power component P is calculated. If this
angle is 90 the reactive power component Q is calculated.
The calculated power component is compared to the power pick up setting
Power1(2). A start signal START1(2) is activated if the calculated power
component is larger than the pick up value. After a set time delay TripDelay1(2) a
trip TRIP1(2) signal is activated if the start signal is still active. At activation of
any of the two stages a common signal START will be activated. At trip from any
of the two stages also a common signal TRIP will be activated.
To avoid instability there is a settable hysteresis in the power function. The
absolute hysteresis of the stage1(2) is Hysteresis1(2) = abs (Power1(2) droppower1(2)). For generator reverse power protection the power setting is very low,
normally down to 0.02 p.u. of rated generator power. The hysteresis should
therefore be set to a smaller value. The drop-power value of stage1 can be
432
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
7.12.2.1
EQUATION1959 V1 EN
Where
S
Sold
is the measured value given from the function in previous execution cycle
is settable parameter by the end user which influence the filter properties
Default value for parameter k is 0.00. With this value the new calculated value is
immediately given out without any filtering (that is, without any additional delay).
When k is set to value bigger than 0, the filtering is enabled. A typical value for k =
0.92 in case of slow operating functions.
7.12.2.2
433
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
IEC05000652 V2 EN
Figure 244:
Calibration curves
The first current and voltage phase in the group signals will be used as reference
and the amplitude and angle compensation will be used for related input signals.
Analog outputs from the function can be used for service values or in the
disturbance report. The active power is provided as MW value: P, or in percent of
base power: PPERCENT. The reactive power is provided as Mvar value: Q, or in
percent of base power: QPERCENT.
7.12.3
Function block
GOPPDOP
I3P*
U3P*
BLOCK
BLOCK1
BLOCK2
TRIP
TRIP1
TRIP2
START
START1
START2
P
PPERCENT
Q
QPERCENT
IEC07000028-2-en.vsd
IEC07000028 V2 EN
Figure 245:
434
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
7.12.4
Name
Type
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
BLOCK1
BOOLEAN
Block of stage 1
BLOCK2
BOOLEAN
Block of stage 2
Name
Table 243:
Description
I3P
Table 242:
7.12.5
Default
Type
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
TRIP1
BOOLEAN
Trip of stage 1
TRIP2
BOOLEAN
Trip of stage 2
START
BOOLEAN
Common start
START1
BOOLEAN
Start of stage 1
START2
BOOLEAN
Start of stage 2
REAL
Active Power in MW
PPERCENT
REAL
REAL
QPERCENT
REAL
Setting parameters
GOPPDOP Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
OpMode1
Off
OverPower
OverPower
Operation mode 1
Power1
0.0 - 500.0
%SB
0.1
120.0
Angle1
-180.0 - 180.0
Deg
0.1
0.0
TripDelay1
0.010 - 6000.000
0.001
1.000
DropDelay1
0.010 - 6000.000
0.001
0.060
OpMode2
Off
OverPower
OverPower
Operation mode 2
Power2
0.0 - 500.0
%SB
0.1
120.0
Angle2
-180.0 - 180.0
Deg
0.1
0.0
TripDelay2
0.010 - 6000.000
0.001
1.000
DropDelay2
0.010 - 6000.000
0.001
0.060
Section 7
Current protection
Table 244:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
0.000 - 0.999
0.001
0.000
Hysteresis1
0.2 - 5.0
pu
0.1
0.5
Hysteresis2
0.2 - 5.0
pu
0.1
0.5
IAmpComp5
-10.000 - 10.000
0.001
0.000
IAmpComp30
-10.000 - 10.000
0.001
0.000
IAmpComp100
-10.000 - 10.000
0.001
0.000
UAmpComp5
-10.000 - 10.000
0.001
0.000
UAmpComp30
-10.000 - 10.000
0.001
0.000
UAmpComp100
-10.000 - 10.000
0.001
0.000
IAngComp5
-10.000 - 10.000
Deg
0.001
0.000
IAngComp30
-10.000 - 10.000
Deg
0.001
0.000
IAngComp100
-10.000 - 10.000
Deg
0.001
0.000
Table 245:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
Mode
L1, L2, L3
Arone
Pos Seq
L1L2
L2L3
L3L1
L1
L2
L3
Pos Seq
436
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
7.12.6
Technical data
Table 246:
Function
Range or value
Power level
Accuracy
(0.0500.0)% of Sbase
1.0% of Sr at S < Sr
1.0% of S at S > Sr
At low setting:
(0.5-2.0)% of Sbase
(2.0-10)% of Sbase
7.13
Characteristic angle
(-180.0180.0) degrees
2 degrees
Timers
(0.00-6000.00) s
0.5% 10 ms
7.13.1
IEC 61850
identification
BRCPTOC
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
46
Introduction
Conventional protection functions can not detect the broken conductor condition.
Broken conductor check (BRCPTOC) function, consisting of continuous current
unsymmetrical check on the line where the IED is connected will give alarm or trip
at detecting broken conductors.
7.13.2
Principle of operation
Broken conductor check (BRCPTOC) detects a broken conductor condition by
detecting the asymmetry between currents in the three phases. The currentmeasuring elements continuously measure the three-phase currents.
The current asymmetry signal output START is set on if:
The difference in currents between the phase with the lowest current and the
phase with the highest current is greater than set percentage Iub> of the
highest phase current
The highest phase current is greater than the minimum setting value IP>.
The lowest phase current is below 50% of the minimum setting value IP>
Section 7
Current protection
The simplified logic diagram of the broken conductor check function is shown in
figure 246
BRCPTOC is disabled (blocked) if:
The IED is in TEST status and the function has been blocked from the local
HMI test menu (BlockBRC=Yes).
The input signal BLOCK is high.
The BLOCK input can be connected to a binary input of the IED in order to receive
a block command from external devices, or can be software connected to other
internal functions of the IED itself to receive a block command from internal
functions.
The output trip signal TRIP is a three-phase trip. It can be used to command a trip
to the circuit breaker or for alarm purpose only.
TEST
TEST-ACTIVE
&
Block BRCPTOC=Yes
START
=1
BLOCK
Function Enable
&
Unsymmetrical
Current Detection
t
t
TRIP
STI
IL1<50%IP>
IL2<50%IP>
=1
IL3<50%IP>
IEC09000158-1-en.vsd
IEC09000158 V1 EN
Figure 246:
7.13.3
Function block
BRCPTOC
I3P*
BLOCK
BLKTR
TRIP
START
IEC07000034-2-en.vsd
IEC07000034 V2 EN
Figure 247:
438
Technical reference manual
Section 7
Current protection
7.13.4
Name
Type
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
BLKTR
BOOLEAN
Name
Table 249:
Description
I3P
Table 248:
7.13.5
Default
Type
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
BRCPTOC Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
IBase
0 - 99999
3000
IBase
Iub>
50 - 90
%IM
50
IP>
5 - 100
%IB
20
tOper
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
5.000
Table 250:
Name
tReset
7.13.6
Values (Range)
Unit
0.010 - 60.000
Step
0.001
Default
Description
0.100
Technical data
Table 251:
Function
Range or value
Accuracy
(5100)% of IBase
0.1% of Ir
0.1% of Ir
Timer
(0.00-6000.00) s
0.5% 10 ms
439
Technical reference manual
440
Section 8
Voltage protection
Section 8
Voltage protection
8.1
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
UV2PTUV
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
27
2U<
SYMBOL-R-2U-GREATER THAN
V1 EN
8.1.1
Introduction
Undervoltages can occur in the power system during faults or abnormal conditions.
Two step undervoltage protection (UV2PTUV) function can be used to open circuit
breakers to prepare for system restoration at power outages or as long-time delayed
back-up to primary protection.
UV2PTUV has two voltage steps, each with inverse or definite time delay.
8.1.2
Principle of operation
Two-step undervoltage protection (UV2PTUV) is used to detect low power system
voltage. UV2PTUV has two voltage measuring steps with separate time delays. If
one, two or three phase voltages decrease below the set value, a corresponding
START signal is generated. UV2PTUV can be set to START/TRIP based on 1 out
of 3, 2 out of 3 or 3 out of 3 of the measured voltages, being below the set point. If
the voltage remains below the set value for a time period corresponding to the
chosen time delay, the corresponding trip signal is issued. To avoid an unwanted
trip due to disconnection of the related high voltage equipment, a voltage
controlled blocking of the function is available, that is, if the voltage is lower than
the set blocking level the function is blocked and no START or TRIP signal is
generated.The time delay characteristic is individually chosen for each step and can
be either definite time delay or inverse time delay.
441
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
EQUATION1429 V2 EN
EQUATION1990 V1 EN
8.1.2.1
Measurement principle
Depending on the set ConnType value, UV2PTUV measures phase-to-earth or phaseto-phase voltages and compare against set values, U1< and U2<. The parameters
OpMode1 and OpMode2 influence the requirements to activate the START
outputs. Either 1 out of 3, 2 out of 3, or 3 out of 3 measured voltages have to be
lower than the corresponding set point to issue the corresponding START signal.
To avoid oscillations of the output START signal, a hysteresis has been included.
8.1.2.2
Time delay
The time delay for the two steps can be either definite time delay (DT) or inverse
time delay (IDMT). For the inverse time delay three different modes are available:
inverse curve A
inverse curve B
customer programmable inverse curve
t=
k
U < -U
U<
EQUATION1431 V1 EN
(Equation 118)
442
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
t=
k 480
U < -U
- 0.5
32
U<
2.0
+ 0.055
EQUATION1432 V1 EN
(Equation 119)
kA
+D
t=
p
U < -U
-C
B
U<
EQUATION1433 V1 EN
(Equation 120)
When the denominator in the expression is equal to zero the time delay will be
infinity. There will be an undesired discontinuity. Therefore a tuning parameter
CrvSatn is set to compensate for this phenomenon. In the voltage interval U<
down to U< (1.0 CrvSatn/100) the used voltage will be: U< (1.0 CrvSatn/
100). If the programmable curve is used this parameter must be calculated so that:
CrvSatn
-C > 0
100
EQUATION1435 V1 EN
(Equation 121)
The lowest voltage is always used for the inverse time delay integration. The
details of the different inverse time characteristics are shown in section 22.3
"Inverse characteristics".
Trip signal issuing requires that the undervoltage condition continues for at least
the user set time delay. This time delay is set by the parameter t1 and t2 for definite
time mode (DT) and by some special voltage level dependent time curves for the
inverse time mode (IDMT). If the start condition, with respect to the measured
voltage ceases during the delay time, and is not fulfilled again within a user defined
reset time (tReset1 and tReset2 for the definite time and tIReset1 and
tIReset2pickup for the inverse time) the corresponding start output is reset. Here it
should be noted that after leaving the hysteresis area, the start condition must be
fulfilled again and it is not sufficient for the signal to only return back to the
hysteresis area. Note that for the undervoltage function the IDMT reset time is
constant and does not depend on the voltage fluctuations during the drop-off
period. However, there are three ways to reset the timer, either the timer is reset
instantaneously, or the timer value is frozen during the reset time, or the timer
value is linearly decreased during the reset time. See figure 248 and figure 249.
443
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
tReset1
Voltage
tReset1
START
Hysteresis
Measured
Voltage
TRIP
U1<
Time
t1
START
TRIP
Time
Integrator
Frozen Timer
t1
Instantaneous
Reset
Time
Linear Decrease
IEC05000010-3-en.vsd
IEC05000010 V3 EN
Figure 248:
Voltage profile not causing a reset of the start signal for step 1, and inverse time delay
444
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
tReset1
Voltage
START
START
tReset1
Hysteresis
Measured Voltage
TRIP
U1<
Time
t1
START
TRIP
Time Integrator
Frozen Timer
t1
Time
Instantaneous
Reset
Linear Decrease
IEC05000011-en-2.vsd
IEC05000011 V2 EN
Figure 249:
Voltage profile causing a reset of the start signal for step 1, and inverse time delay
445
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
ST1
a
b>a
U1<
tReset1
t1
TR1
AND
OFF
Delay
ON
Delay
IEC09000785-1-en.vsd
IEC09000785 V1 EN
Figure 250:
Un<
START
TRIP
tResetn
tn
IEC10000039-1-en.vsd
IEC10000039 V1 EN
Figure 251:
446
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
Un<
START
TRIP
tResetn
tn
IEC10000040-1-en.vsd
IEC10000040 V1 EN
Figure 252:
8.1.2.3
Blocking
It is possible to block Two step undervoltage protection UV2PTUV partially or
completely, by binary input signals or by parameter settings, where:
BLOCK:
BLKTR1:
BLKST1:
BLKTR2:
BLKST2:
If the measured voltage level decreases below the setting of IntBlkStVal1, either the
trip output of step 1, or both the trip and the START outputs of step 1, are blocked.
The characteristic of the blocking is set by the IntBlkSel1 parameter. This internal
blocking can also be set to Off resulting in no voltage based blocking.
Corresponding settings and functionality are valid also for step 2.
In case of disconnection of the high voltage component the measured voltage will
get very low. The event will START both the under voltage function and the
blocking function, as seen in figure 253. The delay of the blocking function must
be set less than the time delay of under voltage function.
447
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
Disconnection
Normal voltage
U1<
U2<
tBlkUV1 <
t1,t1Min
IntBlkStVal1
tBlkUV2 <
t2,t2Min
IntBlkStVal2
Time
Block step 1
Block step 2
en05000466.vsd
IEC05000466 V1 EN
Figure 253:
8.1.2.4
Blocking function
Design
The voltage measuring elements continuously measure the three phase-to-neutral
voltages or the three phase-to-phase voltages. Recursive fourier filters or true RMS
filters of input voltage signals are used. The voltages are individually compared to
the set value, and the lowest voltage is used for the inverse time characteristic
integration. A special logic is included to achieve the 1 out of 3, 2 out of 3 and 3
out of 3 criteria to fulfill the START condition. The design of Two step
undervoltage protection UV2PTUV is schematically shown in Figure 254.
448
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
UL1
Comparator
UL1 < U1<
UL2
Comparator
UL2 < U1<
UL3
Comparator
UL3 < U1<
ST1L1
Voltage Phase
Selector
OpMode1
1 out of 3
2 out of 3
3 out of 3
Phase 1
ST1L2
Phase 2
Phase 3
START
MinVoltSelect
or
Time integrator
t1
tReset1
ResetTypeCrv1
Start
&
Trip
Output
Logic
ST1L3
ST1
OR
TR1L1
Step 1
TR1L2
TRIP
TR1L3
TR1
OR
Comparator
UL1 < U2<
Comparator
UL2 < U2<
Comparator
UL3 < U2<
Voltage Phase
Selector
OpMode2
1 out of 3
2 outof 3
3 out of 3
Time integrator
t2
tReset2
ResetTypeCrv2
ST2L2
Phase 2
Phase 3
START
MinVoltSelect
or
ST2L1
Phase 1
Start
&
Trip
Output
Logic
ST2L3
ST2
OR
TR2L1
Step 2
TR2L2
TRIP
TR2L3
TR2
OR
OR START
OR
TRIP
en05000012.vsd
IEC05000834 V1 EN
Figure 254:
449
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
8.1.3
Function block
UV2PTUV
U3P*
BLOCK
BLKTR1
BLKST1
BLKTR2
BLKST2
TRIP
TR1
TR1L1
TR1L2
TR1L3
TR2
TR2L1
TR2L2
TR2L3
START
ST1
ST1L1
ST1L2
ST1L3
ST2
ST2L1
ST2L2
ST2L3
IEC06000276-2-en.vsd
IEC06000276 V2 EN
Figure 255:
8.1.4
Default
Description
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
BLKTR1
BOOLEAN
BLKST1
BOOLEAN
Block of step 1
BLKTR2
BOOLEAN
BLKST2
BOOLEAN
Block of step 2
Table 253:
Name
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
Trip
TR1
BOOLEAN
TR1L1
BOOLEAN
TR1L2
BOOLEAN
TR1L3
BOOLEAN
TR2
BOOLEAN
TR2L1
BOOLEAN
TR2L2
BOOLEAN
TR2L3
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
450
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
Name
8.1.5
Table 254:
Type
Description
ST1
BOOLEAN
ST1L1
BOOLEAN
ST1L2
BOOLEAN
ST1L3
BOOLEAN
ST2
BOOLEAN
ST2L1
BOOLEAN
ST2L2
BOOLEAN
ST2L3
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
UV2PTUV Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
Base voltage
OperationStep1
Off
On
On
Characterist1
Definite time
Inverse curve A
Inverse curve B
Prog. inv. curve
Definite time
OpMode1
1 out of 3
2 out of 3
3 out of 3
1 out of 3
U1<
1 - 100
%UB
70
t1
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
5.00
t1Min
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
5.000
k1
0.05 - 1.10
0.01
0.05
IntBlkSel1
Off
Block of trip
Block all
Off
IntBlkStVal1
1 - 100
%UB
20
tBlkUV1
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
HystAbs1
0.0 - 100.0
%UB
0.1
0.5
OperationStep2
Off
On
On
Characterist2
Definite time
Inverse curve A
Inverse curve B
Prog. inv. curve
Definite time
451
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
OpMode2
1 out of 3
2 out of 3
3 out of 3
1 out of 3
U2<
1 - 100
%UB
50
t2
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
5.000
t2Min
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
5.000
k2
0.05 - 1.10
0.01
0.05
IntBlkSel2
Off
Block of trip
Block all
Off
IntBlkStVal2
1 - 100
%UB
20
tBlkUV2
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
HystAbs2
0.0 - 100.0
%UB
0.1
0.5
Table 255:
Name
Unit
tReset1
0.000 - 60.000
Step
0.001
Default
0.025
Description
Reset time delay used in IEC Definite
Time curve step 1
ResetTypeCrv1
Instantaneous
Frozen timer
Linearly decreased
Instantaneous
tIReset1
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.025
ACrv1
0.005 - 200.000
0.001
1.000
BCrv1
0.50 - 100.00
0.01
1.00
CCrv1
0.0 - 1.0
0.1
0.0
DCrv1
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
PCrv1
0.000 - 3.000
0.001
1.000
CrvSat1
0 - 100
tReset2
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.025
ResetTypeCrv2
Instantaneous
Frozen timer
Linearly decreased
Instantaneous
tIReset2
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.025
ACrv2
0.005 - 200.000
0.001
1.000
452
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
Name
Step
Default
BCrv2
0.50 - 100.00
0.01
1.00
CCrv2
0.0 - 1.0
0.1
0.0
DCrv2
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
PCrv2
0.000 - 3.000
0.001
1.000
CrvSat2
0 - 100
Table 256:
Values (Range)
Unit
Description
Name
ConnType
8.1.6
Values (Range)
PhN DFT
PhPh RMS
PhN RMS
PhPh DFT
Unit
Step
Default
PhN DFT
Description
Group selector for connection type
Technical data
Table 257:
Function
Range or value
Accuracy
(1100)% of UBase
0.5% of Ur
Absolute hysteresis
(0100)% of UBase
0.5% of Ur
Internal blocking
level, low and high
step
(1100)% of UBase
0.5% of Ur
Inverse time
characteristics for
low and high step,
see table 726
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
Minimum operate
time, inverse
characteristics
(0.00060.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
25 ms typically at 2 to 0 x Uset
25 ms typically at 0 to 2 x Uset
15 ms typically
453
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
8.2
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
OV2PTOV
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
59
2U>
SYMBOL-C-2U SMALLER THAN
V1 EN
8.2.1
Introduction
Overvoltages may occur in the power system during abnormal conditions such as
sudden power loss, tap changer regulating failures, open line ends on long lines etc.
Two step overvoltage protection (OV2PTOV) function can be used to detect open
line ends, normally then combined with a directional reactive over-power function
to supervise the system voltage. When triggered, the function will cause an alarm,
switch in reactors, or switch out capacitor banks.
OV2PTOV has two voltage steps, each of them with inverse or definite time delayed.
OV2PTOV has an extremely high reset ratio to allow settings close to system
service voltage.
8.2.2
Principle of operation
Two step overvoltage protection OV2PTOV is used to detect high power system
voltage. OV2PTOV has two steps with separate time delays. If one-, two- or threephase voltages increase above the set value, a corresponding START signal is
issued. OV2PTOV can be set to START/TRIP, based on 1 out of 3, 2 out of 3 or 3
out of 3 of the measured voltages, being above the set point. If the voltage remains
above the set value for a time period corresponding to the chosen time delay, the
corresponding trip signal is issued.
The time delay characteristic is individually chosen for the two steps and can be
either, definite time delay or inverse time delay.
The voltage related settings are made in percent of the global set base voltage
UBase, which is set in kV, phase-to-phase.
OV2PTOV can be set to measure phase-to-earth fundamental value, phase-to-phase
fundamental value, phase-to-earth RMS value or phase-to-phase RMS value. The
choice of measuring is done by the parameter ConnType.
The setting of the analog inputs are given as primary phase-to-earth or phase-tophase voltage. OV2PTOV will operate if the voltage gets higher than the set
454
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
percentage of the set base voltage UBase. This means operation for phase-to-earth
voltage over:
EQUATION1434 V1 EN
EQUATION1993 V1 EN
8.2.2.1
Measurement principle
All the three voltages are measured continuously, and compared with the set
values, U1> and U2>. The parameters OpMode1 and OpMode2 influence the
requirements to activate the START outputs. Either 1 out of 3, 2 out of 3 or 3 out of
3 measured voltages have to be higher than the corresponding set point to issue the
corresponding START signal.
To avoid oscillations of the output START signal, a hysteresis has been included.
8.2.2.2
Time delay
The time delay for the two steps can be either definite time delay (DT) or inverse
time delay (IDMT). For the inverse time delay four different modes are available:
inverse curve A
inverse curve B
inverse curve C
customer programmable inverse curve
t=
k
U -U >
U>
IEC09000051 V1 EN
(Equation 124)
455
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
t=
k 480
32 U - U > - 0.5
U >
2.0
- 0.035
(Equation 125)
IECEQUATION2287 V1 EN
k 480
32 U - U > - 0.5
U >
3.0
+ 0.035
(Equation 126)
IECEQUATION2288 V1 EN
t=
kA
U -U >
-C
B
U>
EQUATION1439 V1 EN
+D
(Equation 127)
When the denominator in the expression is equal to zero the time delay will be
infinity. There will be an undesired discontinuity. Therefore, a tuning parameter
CrvSatn is set to compensate for this phenomenon. In the voltage interval U< down
to U< (1.0 CrvSatn/100) the used voltage will be: U< (1.0 CrvSatn/100). If
the programmable curve is used this parameter must be calculated so that:
CrvSatn
-C > 0
100
EQUATION1435 V1 EN
(Equation 128)
The highest phase (or phase-to-phase) voltage is always used for the inverse time
delay integration, see figure 256. The details of the different inverse time
characteristics are shown in section "Inverse characteristics"
456
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
Voltage
IDMT Voltage
UL1
UL2
UL3
Time
en05000016.vsd
IEC05000016 V1 EN
Figure 256:
Trip signal issuing requires that the overvoltage condition continues for at least the
user set time delay. This time delay is set by the parameter t1 and t2 for definite
time mode (DT) and by selected voltage level dependent time curves for the
inverse time mode (IDMT). If the START condition, with respect to the measured
voltage ceases during the delay time, and is not fulfilled again within a user defined
reset time (tReset1 and tReset2 for the definite time and tIReset1 and tIReset2 for
the inverse time) the corresponding START output is reset, after that the defined
reset time has elapsed. Here it should be noted that after leaving the hysteresis area,
the START condition must be fulfilled again and it is not sufficient for the signal to
only return back to the hysteresis area. The hysteresis value for each step is settable
(HystAbs2) to allow an high and accurate reset of the function. It should be noted
that for Two step overvoltage protection OV2PTOV the IDMT reset time is
constant and does not depend on the voltage fluctuations during the drop-off
period. However, there are three ways to reset the timer, either the timer is reset
instantaneously, or the timer value is frozen during the reset time, or the timer
value is linearly decreased during the reset time..
457
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
tReset
1
tReset1
Voltage
START
TRIP
U1>
Hysteresis
Measured
Voltage
Time
t1
START
TRIP
Time
Integrator
Linear Decrease
Frozen Timer
t1
Instantaneous
Reset
Time
IEC09000055-en-1.vsd
IEC09000055 V1 EN
Figure 257:
Voltage profile not causing a reset of the START signal for step 1, and inverse time delay
458
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
tReset1
Voltage
START
START
tReset1
Hysteresis
TRIP
U1>
Measured Voltage
Time
t1
START
TRIP
Time Integrator
Frozen Timer
t1
Time
Instantaneous
Reset
Linear Decrease
IEC05000020-en-2.vsd
IEC05000020 V2 EN
Figure 258:
Voltage profile causing a reset of the START signal for step 1, and inverse time delay
459
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
ST1
a
b<a
U1>
tReset1
t1
TR1
AND
OFF
Delay
ON
Delay
IEC10000100-1-en.vsd
IEC10000100 V1 EN
Figure 259:
Un>
START
TRIP
tResetn
tn
IEC10000037-1-en.vsd
IEC10000037 V1 EN
Figure 260:
460
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
Un>
START
TRIP
tResetn
tn
IEC10000038-1-en.vsd
IEC10000038 V1 EN
Figure 261:
8.2.2.3
Blocking
It is possible to block Two step overvoltage protection OV2PTOV partially or
completely, by binary input signals where:
8.2.2.4
BLOCK:
BLKTR1:
BLKST1:
BLKTR2:
BLKST2:
Design
The voltage measuring elements continuously measure the three phase-to-earth
voltages or the three phase-to-phase voltages. Recursive Fourier filters filter the
input voltage signals. The phase voltages are individually compared to the set
value, and the highest voltage is used for the inverse time characteristic integration.
A special logic is included to achieve the 1 out of 3, 2 out of 3 or 3 out of 3 criteria
to fulfill the START condition. The design of Two step overvoltage protection
(OV2PTOV) is schematically described in figure 262.
461
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
UL1
Comparator
UL1 > U1>
UL2
Comparator
UL2 > U1>
UL3
Comparator
UL3 > U1>
ST1L1
Voltage Phase
Selector
OpMode1
1 out of 3
2 outof 3
3 out of 3
Phase 1
ST1L2
Phase 2
Phase 3
START
MaxVoltSelect
or
Time integrator
t1
tReset1
ResetTypeCrv1
Start
&
Trip
Output
Logic
ST1L3
ST1
OR
TR1L1
Step 1
TR1L2
TRIP
TR1L3
TR1
OR
Comparator
UL1 > U2>
Comparator
UL2 > U2>
Comparator
UL3 > U2>
Voltage Phase
Selector
OpMode2
1 out of 3
2 outof 3
3 out of 3
Time integrator
t2
tReset2
ResetTypeCrv2
ST2L2
Phase 2
Phase 3
START
MaxVoltSelect
or
ST2L1
Phase 1
Start
&
Trip
Output
Logic
ST2L3
ST2
OR
TR2L1
Step 2
TR2L2
TRIP
TR2L3
TR2
OR
OR
OR
START
TRIP
en05000013.vsd
IEC05000013-WMF V1 EN
Figure 262:
462
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
8.2.3
Function block
OV2PTOV
U3P*
BLOCK
BLKTR1
BLKST1
BLKTR2
BLKST2
TRIP
TR1
TR1L1
TR1L2
TR1L3
TR2
TR2L1
TR2L2
TR2L3
START
ST1
ST1L1
ST1L2
ST1L3
ST2
ST2L1
ST2L2
ST2L3
IEC06000277-2-en.vsd
IEC06000277 V2 EN
Figure 263:
8.2.4
Default
Description
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
BLKTR1
BOOLEAN
BLKST1
BOOLEAN
Block of step 1
BLKTR2
BOOLEAN
BLKST2
BOOLEAN
Block of step 2
Table 259:
Name
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
Trip
TR1
BOOLEAN
TR1L1
BOOLEAN
TR1L2
BOOLEAN
TR1L3
BOOLEAN
TR2
BOOLEAN
TR2L1
BOOLEAN
TR2L2
BOOLEAN
TR2L3
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
463
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
Name
8.2.5
Table 260:
Name
Type
Description
ST1
BOOLEAN
ST1L1
BOOLEAN
ST1L2
BOOLEAN
ST1L3
BOOLEAN
ST2
BOOLEAN
ST2L1
BOOLEAN
ST2L2
BOOLEAN
ST2L3
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
OV2PTOV Group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
Base voltage
OperationStep1
Off
On
On
Characterist1
Definite time
Inverse curve A
Inverse curve B
Inverse curve C
Prog. inv. curve
Definite time
OpMode1
1 out of 3
2 out of 3
3 out of 3
1 out of 3
U1>
1 - 200
%UB
120
t1
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
5.00
t1Min
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
5.000
k1
0.05 - 1.10
0.01
0.05
HystAbs1
0.0 - 100.0
%UB
0.1
0.5
OperationStep2
Off
On
On
Characterist2
Definite time
Inverse curve A
Inverse curve B
Inverse curve C
Prog. inv. curve
Definite time
OpMode2
1 out of 3
2 out of 3
3 out of 3
1 out of 3
U2>
1 - 200
%UB
150
464
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
t2
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
5.000
t2Min
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
5.000
k2
0.05 - 1.10
0.01
0.05
HystAbs2
0.0 - 100.0
%UB
0.1
0.5
Table 261:
Step
Default
Description
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
tReset1
0.000 - 60.000
Step
0.001
Default
0.025
Description
Reset time delay used in IEC Definite
Time curve step 1
ResetTypeCrv1
Instantaneous
Frozen timer
Linearly decreased
Instantaneous
tIReset1
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.025
ACrv1
0.005 - 200.000
0.001
1.000
BCrv1
0.50 - 100.00
0.01
1.00
CCrv1
0.0 - 1.0
0.1
0.0
DCrv1
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
PCrv1
0.000 - 3.000
0.001
1.000
CrvSat1
0 - 100
tReset2
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.025
ResetTypeCrv2
Instantaneous
Frozen timer
Linearly decreased
Instantaneous
tIReset2
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.025
ACrv2
0.005 - 200.000
0.001
1.000
BCrv2
0.50 - 100.00
0.01
1.00
CCrv2
0.0 - 1.0
0.1
0.0
DCrv2
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
PCrv2
0.000 - 3.000
0.001
1.000
CrvSat2
0 - 100
465
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
Table 262:
Name
ConnType
8.2.6
8.3
Unit
Step
Default
PhN DFT
Description
Group selector for connection type
Technical data
Table 263:
Function
Range or value
Accuracy
(1-200)% of UBase
0.5% of Ur at U < Ur
0.5% of U at U > Ur
Absolute hysteresis
(0100)% of UBase
0.5% of Ur at U < Ur
0.5% of U at U > Ur
Inverse time
characteristics for
low and high step,
see table 725
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
Minimum operate
time, Inverse
characteristics
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
25 ms typically at 0 to 2 x Uset
25 ms typically at 2 to 0 x Uset
10 ms typically at 0 to 2 x Uset
15 ms typically
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
ROV2PTOV
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
59N
3U0
TRV V1 EN
8.3.1
Introduction
Residual voltages may occur in the power system during earth faults.
466
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
8.3.2
Principle of operation
Two step residual overvoltage protection ROV2PTOV is used to detect high singlephase voltage, such as high residual voltage, also called 3U0. The residual voltage
can be measured directly from a voltage transformer in the neutral of a power
transformer or from a three-phase voltage transformer, where the secondary
windings are connected in an open delta. Another possibility is to measure the threephase voltages and internally in the IED calculate the corresponding residual
voltage and connect this calculated residual voltage to ROV2PTOV. ROV2PTOV
has two steps with separate time delays. If the single-phase (residual) voltage
remains above the set value for a time period corresponding to the chosen time
delay, the corresponding TRIP signal is issued.
The time delay characteristic is individually chosen for the two steps and can be
either, definite time delay or inverse time delay.
The voltage related settings are made in percent of the base voltage, which is set in
kV, phase-phase.
8.3.2.1
Measurement principle
The residual voltage is measured continuously, and compared with the set values,
U1> and U2>.
To avoid oscillations of the output START signal, a hysteresis has been included.
8.3.2.2
Time delay
The time delay for the two steps can be either definite time delay (DT) or inverse
time delay (IDMT). For the inverse time delay four different modes are available:
inverse curve A
inverse curve B
inverse curve C
customer programmable inverse curve
467
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
t=
k
U -U >
U>
(Equation 129)
IEC09000051 V1 EN
k 480
32
- 0.5
U >
U -U >
2.0
- 0.035
(Equation 130)
IECEQUATION2287 V1 EN
k 480
32 U - U > - 0.5
U >
3.0
+ 0.035
(Equation 131)
IECEQUATION2288 V1 EN
t=
kA
U -U >
-C
B
U>
EQUATION1439 V1 EN
+D
(Equation 132)
When the denominator in the expression is equal to zero the time delay will be
infinity. There will be an undesired discontinuity. Therefore a tuning parameter
CrvSatn is set to compensate for this phenomenon. In the voltage interval U> up to
U> (1.0 + CrvSatn/100) the used voltage will be: U> (1.0 + CrvSatn/100). If the
programmable curve is used this parameter must be calculated so that:
CrvSatn
-C > 0
100
EQUATION1440 V1 EN
(Equation 133)
The details of the different inverse time characteristics are shown in section
"Inverse characteristics".
TRIP signal issuing requires that the residual overvoltage condition continues for at
least the user set time delay. This time delay is set by the parameter t1 and t2 for
definite time mode (DT) and by some special voltage level dependent time curves
for the inverse time mode (IDMT).
468
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
If the START condition, with respect to the measured voltage ceases during the
delay time, and is not fulfilled again within a user defined reset time (tReset1 and
tReset2 for the definite time and tIReset1 and tIReset2 for the inverse time) the
corresponding START output is reset, after that the defined reset time has elapsed.
Here it should be noted that after leaving the hysteresis area, the START condition
must be fulfilled again and it is not sufficient for the signal to only return back to
the hysteresis area. Also notice that for the overvoltage function IDMT reset time is
constant and does not depend on the voltage fluctuations during the drop-off
period. However, there are three ways to reset the timer, either the timer is reset
instantaneously, or the timer value is frozen during the reset time, or the timer
value is linearly decreased during the reset time. See figure 257 and figure 258.
tReset
1
tReset1
Voltage
START
TRIP
U1>
Hysteresis
Measured
Voltage
Time
t1
START
TRIP
Time
Integrator
Linear Decrease
Frozen Timer
t1
Instantaneous
Reset
Time
IEC09000055-en-1.vsd
IEC09000055 V1 EN
Figure 264:
Voltage profile not causing a reset of the START signal for step 1, and inverse time delay
469
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
tReset1
Voltage
START
START
tReset1
Hysteresis
TRIP
U1>
Measured Voltage
Time
t1
START
TRIP
Time Integrator
Frozen Timer
t1
Time
Instantaneous
Reset
Linear Decrease
IEC05000020-en-2.vsd
IEC05000020 V2 EN
Figure 265:
Voltage profile causing a reset of the START signal for step 1, and inverse time delay
470
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
ST1
a
b<a
U1>
tReset1
t1
TR1
AND
OFF
Delay
ON
Delay
IEC10000100-1-en.vsd
IEC10000100 V1 EN
Figure 266:
Un<
START
TRIP
tResetn
tn
IEC10000039-1-en.vsd
IEC10000039 V1 EN
Figure 267:
471
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
Un<
START
TRIP
tResetn
tn
IEC10000040-1-en.vsd
IEC10000040 V1 EN
Figure 268:
8.3.2.3
Blocking
It is possible to block Two step residual overvoltage protection ROV2PTOV
partially or completely, by binary input signals where:
8.3.2.4
BLOCK:
BLKTR1:
BLKST1:
BLKTR2:
BLKST2:
Design
The voltage measuring elements continuously measure the residual voltage.
Recursive Fourier filters filter the input voltage signal. The single input voltage is
compared to the set value, and is also used for the inverse time characteristic
integration. The design of Two step residual overvoltage protection (ROV2PTOV)
is schematically described in figure 269.
472
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
UN
Comparator
UN > U1>
TR1
START
Time integrator
t1
tReset1
ResetTypeCrv1
Comparator
UN > U2>
TRIP
Start
&
Trip
Output
Logic
Step 1
ST2
Phase 1
TR2
START
Time integrator
t2
tReset2
ResetTypeCrv2
ST1
Phase 1
TRIP
Start
&
Trip
Output
Logic
OR
Step 2
OR
START
TRIP
en05000748.vsd
IEC05000748 V1 EN
Figure 269:
8.3.3
Function block
ROV2PTOV
U3P*
BLOCK
BLKTR1
BLKST1
BLKTR2
BLKST2
TRIP
TR1
TR2
START
ST1
ST2
IEC06000278-2-en.vsd
IEC06000278 V2 EN
Figure 270:
473
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
8.3.4
Name
Type
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
BLKTR1
BOOLEAN
BLKST1
BOOLEAN
Block of step 1
BLKTR2
BOOLEAN
BLKST2
BOOLEAN
Block of step 2
Name
Table 266:
Name
Description
U3P
Table 265:
8.3.5
Default
Type
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
Trip
TR1
BOOLEAN
TR2
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
ST1
BOOLEAN
ST2
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
ROV2PTOV Group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
Base voltage
OperationStep1
Off
On
On
Characterist1
Definite time
Inverse curve A
Inverse curve B
Inverse curve C
Prog. inv. curve
Definite time
U1>
1 - 200
%UB
30
t1
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
5.00
t1Min
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
5.000
k1
0.05 - 1.10
0.01
0.05
HystAbs1
0.0 - 100.0
%UB
0.1
0.5
474
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
OperationStep2
Off
On
On
Characterist2
Definite time
Inverse curve A
Inverse curve B
Inverse curve C
Prog. inv. curve
Definite time
U2>
1 - 100
%UB
45
t2
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
5.000
t2Min
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
5.000
k2
0.05 - 1.10
0.01
0.05
HystAbs2
0.0 - 100.0
%UB
0.1
0.5
Table 267:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
tReset1
0.000 - 60.000
Step
0.001
Default
0.025
Description
Reset time delay used in IEC Definite
Time curve step 1
ResetTypeCrv1
Instantaneous
Frozen timer
Linearly decreased
Instantaneous
tIReset1
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.025
ACrv1
0.005 - 200.000
0.001
1.000
BCrv1
0.50 - 100.00
0.01
1.00
CCrv1
0.0 - 1.0
0.1
0.0
DCrv1
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
PCrv1
0.000 - 3.000
0.001
1.000
CrvSat1
0 - 100
tReset2
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.025
ResetTypeCrv2
Instantaneous
Frozen timer
Linearly decreased
Instantaneous
tIReset2
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.025
ACrv2
0.005 - 200.000
0.001
1.000
BCrv2
0.50 - 100.00
0.01
1.00
CCrv2
0.0 - 1.0
0.1
0.0
475
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
DCrv2
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
PCrv2
0.000 - 3.000
0.001
1.000
CrvSat2
0 - 100
8.3.6
8.4
Technical data
Table 268:
Function
Range or value
Accuracy
(1-200)% of UBase
0.5% of Ur at U < Ur
1.0% of U at U > Ur
Absolute hysteresis
(0100)% of UBase
0.5% of Ur at U < Ur
1.0% of U at U > Ur
Inverse time
characteristics for
low and high step,
see table 727
(0.00060.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
Minimum operate
time
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
25 ms typically at 0 to 2 x Uset
25 ms typically at 2 to 0 x Uset
10 ms typically at 0 to 2 x Uset
15 ms typically
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
OEXPVPH
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
24
U/f >
SYMBOL-Q V1 EN
8.4.1
Introduction
When the laminated core of a power transformer or generator is subjected to a
magnetic flux density beyond its design limits, stray flux will flow into nonlaminated components not designed to carry flux and cause eddy currents to flow.
476
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
The eddy currents can cause excessive heating and severe damage to insulation and
adjacent parts in a relatively short time. The function has settable inverse operating
curves and independent alarm stages.
8.4.2
Principle of operation
The importance of Overexcitation protection (OEXPVPH) function is growing as
the power transformers as well as other power system elements today operate most
of the time near their designated limits.
Modern design transformers are more sensitive to overexcitation than earlier types.
This is a result of the more efficient designs and designs which rely on the
improvement in the uniformity of the excitation level of modern systems. Thus, if
emergency that includes overexcitation does occur, transformers may be damaged
unless corrective action is promptly taken. Transformer manufacturers recommend
an overexcitation protection as a part of the transformer protection system.
Overexcitation results from excessive applied voltage, possibly in combination
with below-normal frequency. Such condition may occur when a transformer unit
is on load, but are more likely to arise when it is on open circuit, or at a loss of load
occurrence. Transformers directly connected to generators are in particular danger
to experience overexcitation condition. It follows from the fundamental
transformer equation, see equation 134, that peak flux density Bmax is directly
proportional to induced voltage E, and inversely proportional to frequency f, and
turns n.
E = 4.44 f n Bmax A
(Equation 134)
EQUATION898 V2 EN
E f
( Ur ) ( fr )
IECEQUATION2296 V1 EN
(Equation 135)
477
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
EQUATION900 V1 EN
V Hz >
fr
(Equation 137)
IECEQUATION2297 V2 EN
where:
V/Hz>
V/Hz> is a setting parameter. The setting range is 100% to 180%. If the user does
not know exactly what to set, then the default value for V/Hz> = 110 % for the
standard IEC 60076-1 shall be used.
In OEXPVPH, the relative excitation M is expressed according to equation 138.
M ( p.u. ) =
IECEQUATION2299 V1 EN
E f
Ur fr
(Equation 138)
It is clear from the above formula that, for an unloaded power transformer, M = 1
for any E and f, where the ratio E/f is equal to Ur/fr. A power transformer is not
overexcited as long as the relative excitation is M V/Hz>, V/Hz> expressed in %
of Ur/fr.
478
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
8.4.2.1
Measured voltage
If one phase-to-phase voltage is available from the side where overexcitation
protection is applied, then Overexcitation protection OEXPVPH shall be set to
measure this voltage, MeasuredU. The particular voltage which is used determines
the two currents that must be used. This must be chosen with the setting MeasuredI.
It is extremely important that MeasuredU and MeasuredI are set to
same value.
If, for example, voltage UL1L2 is fed to OEXPVPH, then currents IL1, and IL2
must be applied. From these two input currents, current IL1L2 = IL1 - IL2 is
479
Section 8
Voltage protection
8.4.2.2
The so called IEEE law approximates a square law and has been chosen based on
analysis of the various transformers overexcitation capability characteristics. They
can match the transformer core capability well.
The square law is according to equation 139.
top =
0.18 k
V Hz> - 1
0.18 k
overexcitation
IECEQUATION2298 V2 EN
(Equation 139)
where:
M
V/Hz>
480
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
Umeasured
fmeasured
=
UBase
frated
Umeasured
frated
UBase fmeasured
IECEQUATION2404 V1 EN
(M (t) - V
Hz > ) dt 0.18 k
2
(Equation 140)
IECEQUATION2300 V1 EN
A digital, numerical relay will instead look for the lowest j (that is, j = n) where it
becomes true that:
n
Dt
( M(j)
V/Hz> ) 0.18 k
j=k
(Equation 141)
EQUATION906 V1 EN
where:
Dt
M(j) - V/Hz> is the relative excitation at (time j) in excess of the normal (rated) excitation which is
given as Ur/fr.
As long as M > V/Hz> (that is, overexcitation condition), the above sum can only
be larger with time, and if the overexcitation persists, the protected transformer will
be tripped at j = n.
Inverse delays as per figure 272, can be modified (limited) by two special definite
delay settings, namely tMax and tMin, see figure 271.
481
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
delay in s
tMax
under excitation
overexcitation
tMin
0
M=V/Hz>
V/Hz>
Excitation M
E (only if f = fr = const)
99001067.vsd
IEC99001067 V1 EN
Figure 271:
A definite maximum time, tMax, can be used to limit the operate time at low
degrees of overexcitation. Inverse delays longer than tMax will not be allowed. In
case the inverse delay is longer than tMax, OEXPVPH trips after tMax seconds.
A definite minimum time, tMin, can be used to limit the operate time at high
degrees of overexcitation. In case the inverse delay is shorter than tMin,
OEXPVPH function trips after tMin seconds. The inverse delay law is not valid for
values exceeding Mmax. The delay will be tMin, irrespective of the overexcitation
level, when values exceed Mmax (that is, M>V/Hz>).
482
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
Time (s)
1000
100
k = 60
k = 20
k = 10
k=9
k=8
k=7
k=6
k=5
10
k=4
k=3
k=2
k=1
1
10
20
OVEREXCITATION IN %
30
40
(M-Emaxcont)*100)
en01000373.vsd
IEC01000373 V1 EN
Figure 272:
(V
Hz>> ) / f
Ur/fr
IECEQUATION2286 V1 EN
= 1.40
(Equation 142)
483
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
delay in s
tMax
tMin
underexcitation
Overexcitation M-Emaxcont
0
Emaxcont
99001068.vsd
IEC99001068 V1 EN
Figure 273:
Delays between two consecutive points, for example t3 and t4, are obtained by
linear interpolation.
Should it happen that tMax be lower than, for example, delays t1, and t2, the actual
delay would be tMax. Above Mmax, the delay can only be tMin.
8.4.2.3
Cooling
Overexcitation protection OEXPVPH is basically a thermal protection; therefore a
cooling process has been introduced. Exponential cooling process is applied.
Parameter Setting tool is an OEXPVPH setting, with a default time constant
tCooling of 20 minutes. This means that if the voltage and frequency return to their
previous normal values (no more overexcitation), the normal temperature is
assumed to be reached not before approximately 5 times tCooling minutes. If an
overexcitation condition would return before that, the time to trip will be shorter
than it would be otherwise.
8.4.2.4
E f
Ur fr
(Equation 143)
484
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
If VPERHZ value is less than setting V/Hz> (in %), the power transformer is
underexcited. If VPERHZ is equal to V/Hz> (in %), the excitation is exactly equal
to the power transformer continuous capability. If VPERHZ is higher than V/Hz>,
the protected power transformer is overexcited. For example, if VPERHZ = 1.100,
while V/Hz> = 110 %, then the power transformer is exactly on its maximum
continuous excitation limit.
Monitored data value THERMSTA shows the thermal status of the protected
power transformer iron core. THERMSTA gives the thermal status in % of the trip
value which corresponds to 100%. THERMSTA should reach 100% at the same
time, as TMTOTRIP reaches 0 seconds. If the protected power transformer is then
for some reason not switched off, THERMSTA shall go over 100%.
If the delay as per IEEE law, or Tailor-made Law, is limited by tMax, and/or tMin,
then the Thermal status will generally not reach 100% at the same time, when
tTRIP reaches 0 seconds. For example, if, at low degrees of overexcitation, the
very long delay is limited by tMax, then the OEXPVPH TRIP output signal will be
set to 1 before the Thermal status reaches 100%.
8.4.2.5
Overexcitation alarm
A separate step, AlarmLevel, is provided for alarming purpose. It is normally set
2% lower than (V/Hz>) and has a definite time delay, tAlarm. This will give the
operator an early abnormal voltages warning.
8.4.2.6
Logic diagram
BLOCK
AlarmLevel
t
V/Hz>
I3P
Calculation
of internal
induced
voltage Ei
Ei
M=
(Ei / f)
(Ur / fr)
ALARM
t>tMin
&
TRIP
tMin
k
&
tAlarm
M>V/Hz>
U3P
t>tAlarm
IEEE law
M
Tailor-made law
M>V/Hz>>
tMax
Xleak
V/Hz>>
Figure 274:
485
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
Simplification of the diagram is in the way the IEEE and Tailor-made delays are
calculated. The cooling process is not shown. It is not shown that voltage and
frequency are separately checked against their respective limit values.
8.4.3
Function block
OEXPVPH
I3P*
U3P*
BLOCK
RESET
TRIP
START
ALARM
IEC05000329-2-en.vsd
IEC05000329 V3 EN
Figure 275:
8.4.4
Name
Type
Current connection
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
Voltage connection
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
RESET
BOOLEAN
Reset operation
Name
Table 271:
Name
Description
GROUP
SIGNAL
Table 270:
8.4.5
Default
I3P
Type
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
ALARM
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
OEXPVPH Group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
V/Hz>
100.0 - 180.0
%UB/f
0.1
110.0
486
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
Name
Step
Default
V/Hz>>
100.0 - 200.0
%UB/f
0.1
140.0
XLeak
0.000 - 200.000
ohm
0.001
0.000
TrPulse
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.100
tMin
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
7.000
tMax
0.00 - 9000.00
0.01
1800.00
tCooling
0.10 - 9000.00
0.01
1200.00
CurveType
IEEE
Tailor made
IEEE
kForIEEE
1 - 60
AlarmLevel
50.0 - 120.0
0.1
100.0
tAlarm
0.00 - 9000.00
0.01
5.00
Default
Table 272:
Values (Range)
Unit
Description
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
t1Tailor
0.00 - 9000.00
0.01
7200.00
t2Tailor
0.00 - 9000.00
0.01
3600.00
t3Tailor
0.00 - 9000.00
0.01
1800.00
t4Tailor
0.00 - 9000.00
0.01
900.00
t5Tailor
0.00 - 9000.00
0.01
450.00
t6Tailor
0.00 - 9000.00
0.01
225.00
Step
Default
Table 273:
Description
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Description
MeasuredU
PosSeq
L1L2
L2L3
L3L1
L1L2
MeasuredI
L1L2
L2L3
L3L1
PosSeq
L1L2
487
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
8.4.6
Technical data
Table 274:
Function
Range or value
Accuracy
(100180)% of (UBase/frated)
0.5% of U
0.5% of Ur at U Ur
0.5% of U at U > Ur
(100200)% of (UBase/frated)
0.5% of U
Curve type
Class 5 + 40 ms
IEEE : t =
(0.18 k )
( M - 1) 2
EQUATION1319 V1 EN
(Equation 144)
where M = (E/f)/(Ur/fr)
8.5
(0.00060.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
(0.009000.00) s
0.5% 10 ms
(0.00060.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
8.5.1
IEC 61850
identification
VDCPTOV
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
60
Introduction
A voltage differential monitoring function is available. It compares the voltages
from two three phase sets of voltage transformers and has one sensitive alarm step
and one trip step.
8.5.2
Principle of operation
The Voltage differential protection function VDCPTOV (60) is based on
comparison of the amplitudes of the two voltages connected in each phase.
Possible differences between the ratios of the two Voltage/Capacitive voltage
transformers can be compensated for with a ratio correction factors RFLx. The
voltage difference is evaluated and if it exceeds the alarm level UDAlarm or trip
level UDATrip signals for alarm (ALARM output) or trip (TRIP output) is given
after definite time delay tAlarm respectively tTrip. The two three phase voltage
supplies are also supervised with undervoltage settings U1Low and U2Low. The
outputs for loss of voltage U1LOW resp U2LOW will be activated. The U1 voltage
488
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
is supervised for loss of individual phases whereas the U2 voltage is supervised for
loss of all three phases.
Loss of all U1or all U2 voltages will block the differential measurement. This
blocking can be switched off with setting BlkDiffAtULow = No.
VDCPTOV function can be blocked from an external condition with the binary
BLOCK input. It can for example, be activated from Fuse failure supervision
function SDDRFUF.
To allow easy commissioning the measured differential voltage is available as
service value. This allows simple setting of the ratio correction factor to achieve
full balance in normal service.
The principle logic diagram is shown in figure 276.
UDTripL1>
AND
UDTripL2>
AND
UDTripL3>
O
R
tReset tTrip
t
t
AND
AND
AND
UDAlarmL1>
TRIP
START
AND
UDAlarmL2>
AND
UDAlarmL3>
O
R
tAlarm
AND
ALARM
AND
U1LOW
AND
U1<L1
AND
U1<L2
tAlarm
t
AND
U1<L3
OR
BlkDiffAtULow
U2<L1
AND
U2<L2
t1
t
AND
U2LOW
U2<L3
BLOCK
en06000382-2.vsd
IEC06000382 V3 EN
Figure 276:
489
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
8.5.3
Function block
VDCPTOV
U3P1*
U3P2*
BLOCK
TRIP
START
ALARM
U1LOW
U2LOW
UL1DIFF
UL2DIFF
UL3DIFF
IEC06000528-2-en.vsd
IEC06000528 V2 EN
Figure 277:
8.5.4
Name
Type
GROUP
SIGNAL
Bus voltage
U3P2
GROUP
SIGNAL
Capacitor voltage
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
Name
Table 277:
Name
Description
U3P1
Table 276:
8.5.5
Default
Type
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
ALARM
BOOLEAN
U1LOW
BOOLEAN
Loss of U1 voltage
U2LOW
BOOLEAN
Loss of U2 voltage
UL1DIFF
REAL
UL2DIFF
REAL
UL3DIFF
REAL
Setting parameters
VDCPTOV Group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off/On
UBase
0.50 - 2000.00
kV
0.01
400.00
Base Voltage
BlkDiffAtULow
No
Yes
Yes
490
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
UDTrip
0.0 - 100.0
%UB
0.1
5.0
tTrip
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
1.000
tReset
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
U1Low
0.0 - 100.0
%UB
0.1
70.0
U2Low
0.0 - 100.0
%UB
0.1
70.0
tBlock
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
UDAlarm
0.0 - 100.0
%UB
0.1
2.0
tAlarm
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
2.000
Table 278:
Name
Values (Range)
RFL1
0.000 - 3.000
0.001
1.000
RFL2
0.000 - 3.000
0.001
1.000
RFL3
0.000 - 3.000
0.001
1.000
8.5.6
Unit
Step
Function
Range or value
Accuracy
(0.0100.0) % of UBase
0.5 % of Ur
(0.0100.0) % of UBase
0.5% of Ur
Timers
(0.00060.000)s
0.5% 10 ms
8.6.1
Description
Technical data
Table 279:
8.6
Default
IEC 61850
identification
LOVPTUV
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
27
Introduction
Loss of voltage check (LOVPTUV) is suitable for use in networks with an
automatic system restoration function. LOVPTUV issues a three-pole trip
491
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
command to the circuit breaker, if all three phase voltages fall below the set value
for a time longer than the set time and the circuit breaker remains closed.
8.6.2
Principle of operation
The operation of Loss of voltage check LOVPTUV is based on line voltage
measurement. LOVPTUV is provided with a logic, which automatically recognises
if the line was restored for at least tRestore before starting the tTrip timer. All three
phases are required to be low before the output TRIP is activated. The START
output signal indicates start.
Additionally, LOVPTUV is automatically blocked if only one or two phase
voltages have been detected low for more than tBlock.
LOVPTUV operates again only if the line has been restored to full voltage for at
least tRestore. Operation of the function is also inhibited by fuse failure and open
circuit breaker information signals, by their connection to dedicated inputs of the
function block.
Due to undervoltage conditions being continuous the trip pulse is limited to a
length set by setting tPulse.
The operation of LOVPTUV is supervised by the fuse-failure function (BLKU
input) and the information about the open position (CBOPEN) of the associated
circuit breaker.
The BLOCK input can be connected to a binary input of the IED in order to receive
a block command from external devices or can be software connected to other
internal functions of the IED itself in order to receive a block command from
internal functions. LOVPTUV is also blocked when the IED is in TEST status and
the function has been blocked from the HMI test menu. (Blocked=Yes).
492
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
TEST
TEST-ACTIVE
&
Blocked = Yes
BLOCK
START
>1
Function Enable
tTrip
&
STUL1N
tPulse
TRIP
&
STUL2N
Latched
Enable
STUL3N
&
tBlock
>1
CBOPEN
Reset Enable
>1
&
VTSU
>1
tRestore
Set Enable
>1
IEC07000089_2_en.vsd
IEC07000089 V2 EN
Figure 278:
8.6.3
Function block
LOVPTUV
U3P*
BLOCK
CBOPEN
VTSU
TRIP
START
IEC07000039-2-en.vsd
IEC07000039 V2 EN
Figure 279:
493
Technical reference manual
Section 8
Voltage protection
8.6.4
Name
Type
GROUP
SIGNAL
Voltage connection
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
CBOPEN
BOOLEAN
VTSU
BOOLEAN
Name
Table 282:
Name
Description
U3P
Table 281:
8.6.5
Default
Type
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
Trip signal
START
BOOLEAN
Start signal
Setting parameters
LOVPTUV Group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off/On
UBase
0.1 - 9999.9
kV
0.1
400.0
Base voltage
UPE
1 - 100
%UB
70
tTrip
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
7.000
Table 283:
Name
Unit
tPulse
0.050 - 60.000
0.001
0.150
tBlock
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
5.000
tRestore
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
3.000
8.6.6
Step
Default
Description
Technical data
Table 284:
Function
Accuracy
Operate voltage
(0100)% of UBase
0.5% of Ur
Pulse timer
(0.05060.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
Timers
(0.00060.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
494
Technical reference manual
Section 9
Frequency protection
Section 9
Frequency protection
9.1
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
SAPTUF
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
81
f<
SYMBOL-P V1 EN
9.1.1
Introduction
Underfrequency occurs as a result of lack of generation in the network.
Underfrequency protection SAPTUF is used for load shedding systems, remedial
action schemes, gas turbine startup and so on.
SAPTUF is provided with an undervoltage blocking.
The operation is based on positive sequence voltage measurement and requires two
phase-phase or three phase-neutral voltages to be connected. For information about
how to connect analog inputs, refer to Application manual/IED application/
Analog inputs/Setting guidelines
9.1.2
Principle of operation
Underfrequency protection SAPTUF is used to detect low power system frequency.
SAPTUF can either have a definite time delay or a voltage magnitude dependent
time delay. If the voltage magnitude dependent time delay is applied, the time
delay will be longer if the voltage is higher, and the delay will be shorter if the
voltage is lower. If the frequency remains below the set value for a time period
corresponding to the chosen time delay, the corresponding trip signal is issued. To
avoid an unwanted trip due to uncertain frequency measurement at low voltage
495
Technical reference manual
Section 9
Frequency protection
magnitude, a voltage controlled blocking of the function is available, that is, if the
voltage is lower than the set blocking voltage IntBlockLevel the function is blocked
and no START or TRIP signal is issued.
9.1.2.1
Measurement principle
The fundamental frequency of the measured input voltage is measured
continuously, and compared with the set value, StartFrequency. The frequency
function is dependent on the voltage magnitude. If the voltage magnitude decreases
the setting IntBlockLevel, SAPTUF gets blocked, and the output BLKDMAGN is
issued. All voltage settings are made in percent of the setting UBase, which should
be set as a phase-phase voltage in kV.
To avoid oscillations of the output START signal, a hysteresis has been included.
9.1.2.2
Time delay
The time delay for underfrequency protection SAPTUF can be either a settable
definite time delay or a voltage magnitude dependent time delay, where the time
delay depends on the voltage level; a high voltage level gives a longer time delay
and a low voltage level causes a short time delay. For the definite time delay, the
setting TimeDlyOperate sets the time delay.
For the voltage dependent time delay the measured voltage level and the settings
UNom, UMin, Exponent, tMax and tMin set the time delay according to figure 280
and equation 145. The setting TimerOperation is used to decide what type of time
delay to apply.
Trip signal issuing requires that the underfrequency condition continues for at least
the user set time delay TimeDlyOperate. If the START condition, with respect to
the measured frequency ceases during this user set delay time, and is not fulfilled
again within a user defined reset time, TimeDlyReset, the START output is reset,
after that the defined reset time has elapsed. Here it should be noted that after
leaving the hysteresis area, the START condition must be fulfilled again and it is
not sufficient for the signal to only return back to the hysteresis area.
On the output of SAPTUF a 100ms pulse is issued, after a time delay
corresponding to the setting of TimeDlyRestore, when the measured frequency
returns to the level corresponding to the setting RestoreFreq.
9.1.2.3
496
Technical reference manual
Section 9
Frequency protection
Exponent
(Equation 145)
EQUATION1182 V1 EN
where:
t
Exponent
is a setting,
= 90%
UNom
= 100%
tMax
= 1.0 s
tMin
= 0.0 s
Exponent
= 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4
TimeDlyOperate [s]
0
Exponenent
1
2
3
0.5
90
95
100
U [% of UBase]
en05000075.vsd
IEC05000075 V1 EN
Figure 280:
497
Technical reference manual
Section 9
Frequency protection
9.1.2.4
Blocking
It is possible to block underfrequency protection SAPTUF partially or completely,
by binary input signals or by parameter settings, where:
BLOCK:
BLKTRIP:
BLKREST:
If the measured voltage level decreases below the setting of IntBlockLevel, both the
START and the TRIP outputs, are blocked.
9.1.2.5
Design
The frequency measuring element continuously measures the frequency of the
positive sequence voltage and compares it to the setting StartFrequency. The
frequency signal is filtered to avoid transients due to switchings and faults. The
time integrator can operate either due to a definite delay time or to the special
voltage dependent delay time. When the frequency has returned back to the setting
of RestoreFreq, the RESTORE output is issued after the time delay
TimeDlyRestore. The design of underfrequency protection SAPTUF is
schematically described in figure 281.
Block
OR
BLKDMAGN
BLOCK
Comparator
U < IntBlockLevel
Voltage
Frequency
Time integrator
Comparator
f < StartFrequency
TimerOperation Mode
Selector
START
TimeDlyOperate
TRIP
Start
&
Trip
Output
Logic
START
TimeDlyReset
TRIP
100 ms
Comparator
f > RestoreFreq
TimeDlyRestore
RESTORE
en05000726.vsd
IEC05000726 V1 EN
Figure 281:
498
Technical reference manual
Section 9
Frequency protection
9.1.3
Function block
SAPTUF
U3P*
BLOCK
BLKTRIP
BLKREST
TRIP
START
RESTORE
BLKDMAGN
FREQ
IEC06000279_2_en.vsd
IEC06000279 V2 EN
Figure 282:
9.1.4
Name
Type
Voltage connection
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
BLKTRIP
BOOLEAN
BLKREST
BOOLEAN
Name
Table 287:
Description
GROUP
SIGNAL
Table 286:
9.1.5
Default
U3P
Type
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
RESTORE
BOOLEAN
BLKDMAGN
BOOLEAN
FREQ
REAL
Measured frequency
Setting parameters
SAPTUF Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
Base voltage
StartFrequency
35.00 - 75.00
Hz
0.01
48.80
IntBlockLevel
0 - 100
%UB
50
TimeDlyOperate
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.200
TimeDlyReset
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
TimeDlyRestore
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
499
Technical reference manual
Section 9
Frequency protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
RestoreFreq
45.00 - 65.00
Hz
0.01
50.10
TimerOperation
Definite timer
Volt based timer
Definite timer
UNom
50 - 150
%UB
100
UMin
50 - 150
%UB
90
Exponent
0.0 - 5.0
0.1
1.0
tMax
0.010 - 60.000
0.001
1.000
tMin
0.010 - 60.000
0.001
1.000
9.1.6
Description
Technical data
Table 288:
Function
Range or value
Accuracy
(35.00-75.00) Hz
2.0 mHz
100 ms typically
100 ms typically
(0.000-60.000)s
0.5%
10 ms
(0.000-60.000)s
0.5%
10 ms
Settings:
UNom=(50-150)% of Ubase
UMin=(50-150)% of Ubase
Exponent=0.0-5.0
tMax=(0.000-60.000)s
tMin=(0.000-60.000)s
Class 5 +
200 ms
U - UMin
t=
UNom - UMin
Exponent
EQUATION1182 V1 EN
(Equation 146)
U=Umeasured
9.2
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
SAPTOF
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
81
f>
SYMBOL-O V1 EN
500
Technical reference manual
Section 9
Frequency protection
9.2.1
Introduction
Overfrequency protection function SAPTOF is applicable in all situations, where
reliable detection of high fundamental power system frequency is needed.
Overfrequency occurs at sudden load drops or shunt faults in the power network.
Close to the generating plant, generator governor problems can also cause over
frequency.
SAPTOF is used mainly for generation shedding and remedial action schemes. It is
also used as a frequency stage initiating load restoring.
SAPTOF is provided with an undervoltage blocking.
The operation is based on positive sequence voltage measurement and requires two
phase-phase or three phase-neutral voltages to be connected. For information about
how to connect analog inputs, refer to Application manual/IED application/
Analog inputs/Setting guidelines
9.2.2
Principle of operation
Overfrequency protection SAPTOF is used to detect high power system frequency.
SAPTOF has a settable definite time delay. If the frequency remains above the set
value for a time period corresponding to the chosen time delay, the corresponding
TRIP signal is issued. To avoid an unwanted TRIP due to uncertain frequency
measurement at low voltage magnitude, a voltage controlled blocking of the
function is available from the preprocessing function, that is, if the voltage is lower
than the set blocking voltage in the preprocessing function, the function is blocked
and no START or TRIP signal is issued.
9.2.2.1
Measurement principle
The fundamental frequency of the positive sequence voltage is measured
continuously, and compared with the set value, StartFrequency. Overfrequency
protection SAPTOF is dependent on the voltage magnitude. If the voltage
magnitude decreases below the setting IntBlockLevel, SAPTOF is blocked, and the
output BLKDMAGN is issued. All voltage settings are made in percent of the
UBase, which should be set as a phase-phase voltage in kV. To avoid oscillations
of the output START signal, a hysteresis has been included.
9.2.2.2
Time delay
The time delay for Overfrequency protection SAPTOF (81) is a settable definite
time delay, specified by the setting TimeDlyOperate.
TRIP signal issuing requires that the overfrequency condition continues for at least
the user set time delay, TimeDlyReset. If the START condition, with respect to the
measured frequency ceases during this user set delay time, and is not fulfilled again
501
Section 9
Frequency protection
within a user defined reset time, TimeDlyReset, the START output is reset, after
that the defined reset time has elapsed. It is to be noted that after leaving the
hysteresis area, the START condition must be fulfilled again and it is not sufficient
for the signal to only return back to the hysteresis area.
9.2.2.3
Blocking
It is possible to block overfrequency protection SAPTOF partially or completely,
by binary input signals or by parameter settings, where:
BLOCK:
BLKTRIP:
If the measured voltage level decreases below the setting of IntBlockLevel, both the
START and the TRIP outputs, are blocked.
9.2.2.4
Design
The frequency measuring element continuously measures the frequency of the
positive sequence voltage and compares it to the setting StartFrequency. The
frequency signal is filtered to avoid transients due to switchings and faults in the
power system. The time integrator operates due to a definite delay time. The design
of overfrequency protection SAPTOF is schematically described in figure 283.
BLOCK
BLKTRIP
BLOCK
Comparator
U < IntBlockLevel
Voltage
Time integrator
Definite Time Delay
Frequency
Comparator
f > StartFrequency
BLKDMAGN
OR
START
Start
&
Trip
Output
Logic
START
TimeDlyOperate
TRIP
TimeDlyReset
TRIP
en05000735.vsd
IEC05000735 V1 EN
Figure 283:
502
Technical reference manual
Section 9
Frequency protection
9.2.3
Function block
SAPTOF
U3P*
BLOCK
BLKTRIP
TRIP
START
BLKDMAGN
FREQ
IEC06000280_2_en.vsd
IEC06000280 V2 EN
Figure 284:
9.2.4
Name
Type
GROUP
SIGNAL
Voltage connection
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
BLKTRIP
BOOLEAN
Name
Table 291:
Description
U3P
Table 290:
9.2.5
Default
Type
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
BLKDMAGN
BOOLEAN
FREQ
REAL
Measured frequency
Setting parameters
SAPTOF Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
Base voltage
StartFrequency
35.00 - 75.00
Hz
0.01
51.20
IntBlockLevel
0 - 100
%UB
50
TimeDlyOperate
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
TimeDlyReset
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
503
Technical reference manual
Section 9
Frequency protection
9.2.6
Technical data
Table 292:
Function
9.3
Range or value
Accuracy
(35.00-75.00) Hz
2.0 mHz at
symmetrical threephase voltage
100 ms typically
(0.000-60.000)s
0.5% 10 ms
(0.000-60.000)s
0.5% 10 ms
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
SAPFRC
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
81
df/dt >
<
SYMBOL-N V1 EN
9.3.1
Introduction
Rate-of-change frequency protection function (SAPFRC) gives an early indication
of a main disturbance in the system. SAPFRC can be used for generation shedding,
load shedding and remedial action schemes. SAPFRC can discriminate between
positive or negative change of frequency.
SAPFRC is provided with an undervoltage blocking. The operation is based on
positive sequence voltage measurement and requires two phase-phase or three phaseneutral voltages to be connected. For information about how to connect analog
inputs, refer to Application manual/IED application/Analog inputs/Setting
guidelines.
9.3.2
Principle of operation
Rate-of-change frequency protection SAPFRC is used to detect fast power system
frequency changes, increase as well as, decrease at an early stage. SAPFRC has a
settable definite time delay. If the rate-of-change of frequency remains below the
set value, for negative rate-of-change, for a time period equal to the chosen time
delay, the TRIP signal is issued. If the rate-of-change of frequency remains above
the set value, for positive rate-of-change, for a time period equal to the chosen time
504
Technical reference manual
Section 9
Frequency protection
delay, the TRIP signal is issued. To avoid an unwanted TRIP due to uncertain
frequency measurement at low voltage magnitude, a voltage controlled blocking of
the function is available, that is if the voltage is lower than the set blocking voltage
IntBlockLevel, the function is blocked and no START or TRIP signal is issued. If
the frequency recovers, after a frequency decrease, a restore signal is issued.
9.3.2.1
Measurement principle
The rate-of-change of the fundamental frequency of the selected voltage is
measured continuously, and compared with the set value, StartFreqGrad. Rate-ofchange frequency protection SAPFRC is also dependent on the voltage magnitude.
If the voltage magnitude decreases below the setting IntBlockLevel, SAPFRC is
blocked, and the output BLKDMAGN is issued. The sign of the setting
StartFreqGrad, controls if SAPFRC reacts on a positive or on a negative change in
frequency. If SAPFRC is used for decreasing frequency that is, the setting
StartFreqGrad has been given a negative value, and a trip signal has been issued,
then a 100 ms pulse is issued on the RESTORE output, when the frequency
recovers to a value higher than the setting RestoreFreq. A positive setting of
StartFreqGrad, sets SAPFRC to START and TRIP for frequency increases.
To avoid oscillations of the output START signal, a hysteresis has been included.
9.3.2.2
Time delay
Rate-of-change frequency protection SAPFRC has a settable definite time delay,
tTrip. .
Trip signal issuing requires that the rate-of-change of frequency condition
continues for at least the user set time delay, tTrip. If the START condition, with
respect to the measured frequency ceases during the delay time, and is not fulfilled
again within a user defined reset time, tReset, the START output is reset, after that
the defined reset time has elapsed. Here it should be noted that after leaving the
hysteresis area, the START condition must be fulfilled again and it is not sufficient
for the signal to only return back into the hysteresis area.
The RESTORE output of SAPFRC is set, after a time delay equal to the setting of
tRestore, when the measured frequency has returned to the level corresponding to
RestoreFreq, after an issue of the TRIP output signal. If tRestore is set to 0.000 s
the restore functionality is disabled, and no output will be given. The restore
functionality is only active for lowering frequency conditions and the restore
sequence is disabled if a new negative frequency gradient is detected during the
restore period, defined by the settings RestoreFreq and tRestore.
9.3.2.3
Blocking
Rate-of-change frequency protection (SAPFRC) can be partially or totally blocked,
by binary input signals or by parameter settings, where:
505
Technical reference manual
Section 9
Frequency protection
BLOCK:
BLKTRIP:
BLKREST:
If the measured voltage level decreases below the setting of IntBlockLevel, both the
START and the TRIP outputs, are blocked.
9.3.2.4
Design
Rate-of-change frequency protection (SAPFRC) measuring element continuously
measures the frequency of the selected voltage and compares it to the setting
StartFreqGrad. The frequency signal is filtered to avoid transients due to power
system switchings and faults. The time integrator operates with a definite delay
time. When the frequency has returned back to the setting of RestoreFreq, the
RESTORE output is issued after the time delay tRestore, if the TRIP signal has
earlier been issued. The sign of the setting StartFreqGrad is essential, and controls
if the function is used for raising or lowering frequency conditions. The design of
SAPFRC is schematically described in figure 285.
BLOCK
BLKTRIP
BLKRESET
Voltage
OR
BLOCK
BLKDMAGN
Comparator
U < IntBlockLevel
Rate-of-Change
of Frequency
Comparator
If
[StartFreqGrad<0
START
AND
df/dt < StartFreqGrad]
OR
[StartFreqGrad>0
AND
df/dt > StartFreqGrad]
Then
START
Time integrator
Definite Time Delay
TimeDlyOperate
Start
&
Trip
Output
Logic
START
TimeDlyReset
TRIP
100 ms
Frequency
Comparator
f > RestoreFreq
TimeDlyRestore
RESTORE
en05000835.vsd
IEC05000835 V1 EN
Figure 285:
506
Technical reference manual
Section 9
Frequency protection
9.3.3
Function block
SAPFRC
U3P*
BLOCK
BLKTRIP
BLKREST
TRIP
START
RESTORE
BLKDMAGN
IEC06000281-2-en.vsd
IEC06000281 V2 EN
Figure 286:
9.3.4
Name
Type
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
BLKTRIP
BOOLEAN
BLKREST
BOOLEAN
Name
Table 295:
Description
U3P
Table 294:
9.3.5
Default
Type
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
RESTORE
BOOLEAN
BLKDMAGN
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
SAPFRC Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
StartFreqGrad
-10.00 - 10.00
Hz/s
0.01
0.50
IntBlockLevel
0 - 100
%UB
50
tTrip
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.200
RestoreFreq
45.00 - 65.00
Hz
0.01
49.90
tRestore
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
tReset
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
507
Technical reference manual
Section 9
Frequency protection
9.3.6
Technical data
Table 296:
Function
Range or value
Accuracy
(-10.00-10.00) Hz/s
10.0 mHz/s
(0-100)% of UBase
0.5% of Ur
100 ms typically
508
Technical reference manual
Section 10
Multipurpose protection
Section 10
Multipurpose protection
10.1
10.1.1
IEC 61850
identification
CVGAPC
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
-
Introduction
The General current and voltage protection (CVGAPC) can be utilized as a
negative sequence current protection detecting unsymmetrical conditions such as
open phase or unsymmetrical faults.
CVGAPC can also be used to improve phase selection for high resistive earth
faults, outside the distance protection reach, for the transmission line. Three
functions are used, which measures the neutral current and each of the three phase
voltages. This will give an independence from load currents and this phase
selection will be used in conjunction with the detection of the earth fault from the
directional earth fault protection function.
10.1.2
Principle of operation
10.1.2.1
509
Technical reference manual
Section 10
Multipurpose protection
Table 297:
CurrentInput
Comment
Phase1
Phase2
Phase3
PosSeq
NegSeq
3ZeroSeq
MaxPh
MinPh
UnbalancePh
10
Phase1-Phase2
11
Phase2-Phase3
12
Phase3-Phase1
13
MaxPh-Ph
14
MinPh-Ph
15
UnbalancePh-Ph
The user can select to measure one of the voltage quantities shown in table 298:
Table 298:
VoltageInput
Comment
Phase1
Phase2
Phase3
Section 10
Multipurpose protection
VoltageInput
Comment
PosSeq
-NegSeq
-3ZeroSeq
MaxPh
MinPh
UnbalancePh
10
Phase1-Phase2
11
Phase2-Phase3
12
Phase3-Phase1
13
MaxPh-Ph
14
MinPh-Ph
15
UnbalancePh-Ph
It is important to notice that the voltage selection from table 298 is always
applicable regardless the actual external VT connections. The three-phase VT
inputs can be connected to IED as either three phase-to-ground voltages UL1, UL2
& UL3 or three phase-to-phase voltages UL1L2, UL2L3 & UL3L1). This information
about actual VT connection is entered as a setting parameter for the pre-processing
block, which will then take automatic care about it.
The user can select one of the current quantities shown in table 299 for built-in
current restraint feature:
511
Technical reference manual
Section 10
Multipurpose protection
Table 299:
10.1.2.2
Comment
PosSeq
NegSeq
3ZeroSeq
MaxPh
rated phase current of the protected object in primary amperes, when the
measured Current Quantity is selected from 1 to 9, as shown in table 297.
rated phase current of the protected object in primary amperes multiplied by
3 (1.732 Iphase), when the measured Current Quantity is selected from 10
to 15, as shown in table 297.
10.1.2.3
rated phase-to-earth voltage of the protected object in primary kV, when the
measured Voltage Quantity is selected from 1 to 9, as shown in table 298.
rated phase-to-phase voltage of the protected object in primary kV, when the
measured Voltage Quantity is selected from 10 to 15, as shown in table 298.
512
Technical reference manual
Section 10
Multipurpose protection
This feature will simple prevent overcurrent step start if the second-to-first
harmonic ratio in the measured current exceeds the set level.
Directional feature
The overcurrent protection step operation can be can be made dependent on the
relevant phase angle between measured current phasor (see table 297) and
measured voltage phasor (see table 298). In protection terminology it means that
the General currrent and voltage protection (CVGAPC) function can be made
directional by enabling this built-in feature. In that case overcurrent protection step
will only operate if the current flow is in accordance with the set direction
(Forward, which means towards the protected object, or Reverse, which means
from the protected object). For this feature it is of the outmost importance to
understand that the measured voltage phasor (see table 298) and measured current
phasor (see table 297) will be used for directional decision. Therefore it is the sole
responsibility of the end user to select the appropriate current and voltage signals in
order to get a proper directional decision. CVGAPC function will NOT do this
automatically. It will just simply use the current and voltage phasors selected by
the end user to check for the directional criteria.
Table 300 gives an overview of the typical choices (but not the only possible ones)
for these two quantities for traditional directional relays.
Table 300:
Set value for the
parameter
CurrentInput
VoltageInput
Comment
PosSeq
PosSeq
NegSeq
-NegSeq
3ZeroSeq
-3ZeroSeq
513
Technical reference manual
Section 10
Multipurpose protection
CurrentInput
Comment
VoltageInput
Phase1
Phase2-Phase3
Phase2
Phase3-Phase1
Phase3
Phase1-Phase2
Unbalance current or voltage measurement shall not be used when the directional
feature is enabled.
Two types of directional measurement principles are available, I & U and
IcosPhi&U. The first principle, referred to as "I & U" in the parameter setting tool,
checks that:
the magnitude of the measured current is bigger than the set pick-up level
the phasor of the measured current is within the operating region (defined by
the relay operate angle, ROADir parameter setting; see figure 287).
U=-3U0
RCADir
Ipickup
ROADir
I=3Io
Operate region
mta line
en05000252.vsd
IEC05000252 V1 EN
Figure 287:
where:
RCADir is -75
ROADir is 50
514
Technical reference manual
Section 10
Multipurpose protection
that the product Icos() is bigger than the set pick-up level, where is angle
between the current phasor and the mta line
that the phasor of the measured current is within the operating region (defined
by the Icos() straight line and the relay operate angle, ROADir parameter
setting; see figure 287).
U=-3U0
RCADir
Ipickup
ROADir
I=3Io
Operate region
mta line
en05000253.vsd
IEC05000253 V1 EN
Figure 288:
where:
RCADir is -75
ROADir is 50
Note that it is possible to decide by a parameter setting how the directional feature
shall behave when the magnitude of the measured voltage phasor falls below the preset value. User can select one of the following three options:
It shall also be noted that the memory duration is limited in the algorithm to 100
ms. After that time the current direction will be locked to the one determined
during memory time and it will re-set only if the current fails below set pickup
level or voltage goes above set voltage memory limit.
Section 10
Multipurpose protection
StartCurr_OC1
VDepFact_OC1 * StartCurr_OC1
ULowLimit_OC1
UHighLimit_OC1
Selected Voltage
Magnitude
en05000324.vsd
IEC05000324 V1 EN
Figure 289:
StartCurr_OC1
VDepFact_OC1 * StartCurr_OC1
UHighLimit_OC1
IEC05000323 V1 EN
Figure 290:
This feature will simply change the set overcurrent pickup level in accordance with
magnitude variations of the measured voltage. It shall be noted that this feature will
as well affect the pickup current value for calculation of operate times for IDMT
516
Technical reference manual
Section 10
Multipurpose protection
curves (overcurrent with IDMT curve will operate faster during low voltage
conditions).
IMeasured
te
ra
pe
O
ea
ar
IsetHigh
tr
es
*I r
f
f
e
Co
s tr
e
I>R
ain
IsetLow
atan(RestrCoeff)
Restraint
en05000255.vsd
IEC05000255 V1 EN
Figure 291:
This feature will simply prevent overcurrent step to start if the magnitude of the
measured current quantity is smaller than the set percentage of the restrain current
magnitude. However this feature will not affect the pickup current value for
calculation of operate times for IDMT curves. This means that the IDMT curve
operate time will not be influenced by the restrain current magnitude.
When set, the start signal will start definite time delay or inverse (IDMT) time
delay in accordance with the end user setting. If the start signal has value one for
longer time than the set time delay, the overcurrent step will set its trip signal to
one. Reset of the start and trip signal can be instantaneous or time delay in
accordance with the end user setting.
10.1.2.4
Section 10
Multipurpose protection
signal to one. Reset of the start and trip signal can be instantaneous or time delay in
accordance with the setting.
10.1.2.5
10.1.2.6
10.1.2.7
Logic diagram
The simplified internal logics, for CVGAPC function are shown in the following
figures.
518
Technical reference manual
Section 10
Multipurpose protection
IED
Phasors &
samples
Selected current
Selected voltage
Phasors &
samples
Phasor calculation of
individual currents
CVGAPC function
Phasor calculation of
individual voltages
A/D conversion
scaling with CT ratio
ADM
IEC05000169_2_en.vsd
IEC05000169 V2 EN
Figure 292:
Figure 292 shows how internal treatment of measured currents is done for
multipurpose protection function
The following currents and voltages are inputs to the multipurpose protection
function. They must all be expressed in true power system (primary) Amperes and
kilovolts.
1.
2.
3.
Selects one current from the three-phase input system (see table 297) for
internally measured current.
Selects one voltage from the three-phase input system (see table 298) for
internally measured voltage.
Selects one current from the three-phase input system (see table 299) for
internally measured restraint current.
519
Technical reference manual
Section 10
Multipurpose protection
CURRENT
UC1
2
Selected current
TRUC1
nd
Harmonic
restraint
STUC2
UC2
2nd Harmonic
restraint
TRUC2
STOC1
OC1
2nd Harmonic
restraint
TROC1
Current restraint
BLK2ND
DIROC1
Directionality
Voltage control /
restraint
STOC2
TROC2
OC2
2nd Harmonic
restraint
Current restraint
Directionality
UDIRLOW
DIROC2
Voltage control /
restraint
STOV1
OV1
TROV1
OV2
TROV2
UV1
TRUV1
STOV2
Selected voltage
STUV1
STUV2
UV2
TRUV2
VOLTAGE
en05000170.vsd
IEC05000170 V1 EN
Figure 293:
520
Technical reference manual
Section 10
Multipurpose protection
Enable
second
harmonic
The selected currents and voltage are given to built-in protection elements.
Each protection element and step makes independent decision about status of
its START and TRIP output signals.
More detailed internal logic for every protection element is given in the
following four figures
Common START and TRIP signals from all built-in protection elements &
steps (internal OR logic) are available from multipurpose function as well.
Second
harmonic check
DEF time
selected
BLKTROC
1
DEF
AND
TROC1
OR
Selected current
a
b
StartCurr_OC1
a>b
OC1=On
BLKOC1
STOC1
AND
Inverse
Voltage
control or
restraint
feature
Selected voltage
Directionality
check
DIR_OK
Inverse
time
selected
Current
Restraint
Feature
Imeasured > k Irestraint
en05000831.vsd
IEC05000831 V1 EN
Figure 294:
Simplified internal logic diagram for built-in first overcurrent step that is, OC1 (step OC2 has the
same internal logic)
521
Technical reference manual
Section 10
Multipurpose protection
Selected current
b>a
DEF
TRUC1
AND
AND
StartCurr_UC1
Operation_UC1=On
STUC1
en05000750.vsd
IEC05000750 V1 EN
Figure 295:
Simplified internal logic diagram for built-in first undercurrent step that is, UC1 (step UC2 has
the same internal logic)
DEF time
selected
BLKTROV1
DEF
AND
TROV1
OR
Selected voltage
a
b
StartVolt_OV1
a>b
STOV1
AND
Inverse
Operation_OV1=On
BLKOV1
Inverse time
selected
en05000751.vsd
IEC05000751 V1 EN
Figure 296:
Simplified internal logic diagram for built-in first overvoltage step OV1 (step OV2 has the same
internal logic)
522
Technical reference manual
Section 10
Multipurpose protection
DEF time
selected
BLKTRUV
1
DEF
AND
TRUV1
OR
Selected voltage
b>a
STUV1
AND
StartVolt_UV1
Inverse
Operation_UV1=On
Inverse time
selected
BLKUV1
en05000752.vsd
IEC05000752 V1 EN
Figure 297:
Simplified internal logic diagram for built-in first undervoltage step UV1 (step UV2 has the same
internal logic)
10.1.3
Function block
CVGAPC
I3P*
U3P*
BLOCK
BLKOC1
BLKOC1TR
ENMLTOC1
BLKOC2
BLKOC2TR
ENMLTOC2
BLKUC1
BLKUC1TR
BLKUC2
BLKUC2TR
BLKOV1
BLKOV1TR
BLKOV2
BLKOV2TR
BLKUV1
BLKUV1TR
BLKUV2
BLKUV2TR
TRIP
TROC1
TROC2
TRUC1
TRUC2
TROV1
TROV2
TRUV1
TRUV2
START
STOC1
STOC2
STUC1
STUC2
STOV1
STOV2
STUV1
STUV2
BLK2ND
DIROC1
DIROC2
UDIRLOW
CURRENT
ICOSFI
VOLTAGE
UIANGLE
IEC05000372-2-en.vsd
IEC05000372 V2 EN
Figure 298:
523
Technical reference manual
Section 10
Multipurpose protection
10.1.4
Default
Description
I3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
BLKOC1
BOOLEAN
BLKOC1TR
BOOLEAN
ENMLTOC1
BOOLEAN
BLKOC2
BOOLEAN
BLKOC2TR
BOOLEAN
ENMLTOC2
BOOLEAN
BLKUC1
BOOLEAN
BLKUC1TR
BOOLEAN
BLKUC2
BOOLEAN
BLKUC2TR
BOOLEAN
BLKOV1
BOOLEAN
BLKOV1TR
BOOLEAN
BLKOV2
BOOLEAN
BLKOV2TR
BOOLEAN
BLKUV1
BOOLEAN
BLKUV1TR
BOOLEAN
BLKUV2
BOOLEAN
BLKUV2TR
BOOLEAN
Table 302:
Name
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
TROC1
BOOLEAN
TROC2
BOOLEAN
TRUC1
BOOLEAN
TRUC2
BOOLEAN
TROV1
BOOLEAN
TROV2
BOOLEAN
TRUV1
BOOLEAN
TRUV2
BOOLEAN
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Section 10
Multipurpose protection
Name
10.1.5
Table 303:
Type
Description
START
BOOLEAN
STOC1
BOOLEAN
STOC2
BOOLEAN
STUC1
BOOLEAN
STUC2
BOOLEAN
STOV1
BOOLEAN
STOV2
BOOLEAN
STUV1
BOOLEAN
STUV2
BOOLEAN
BLK2ND
BOOLEAN
DIROC1
INTEGER
DIROC2
INTEGER
UDIRLOW
BOOLEAN
CURRENT
REAL
ICOSFI
REAL
VOLTAGE
REAL
UIANGLE
REAL
Setting parameters
CVGAPC Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
CurrentInput
phase1
phase2
phase3
PosSeq
NegSeq
3*ZeroSeq
MaxPh
MinPh
UnbalancePh
phase1-phase2
phase2-phase3
phase3-phase1
MaxPh-Ph
MinPh-Ph
UnbalancePh-Ph
MaxPh
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
Base Current
525
Technical reference manual
Section 10
Multipurpose protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
VoltageInput
phase1
phase2
phase3
PosSeq
-NegSeq
-3*ZeroSeq
MaxPh
MinPh
UnbalancePh
phase1-phase2
phase2-phase3
phase3-phase1
MaxPh-Ph
MinPh-Ph
UnbalancePh-Ph
MaxPh
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
Base Voltage
OperHarmRestr
Off
On
Off
l_2nd/l_fund
10.0 - 50.0
1.0
20.0
EnRestrainCurr
Off
On
Off
RestrCurrInput
PosSeq
NegSeq
3*ZeroSeq
Max
PosSeq
RestrCurrCoeff
0.00 - 5.00
0.01
0.00
RCADir
-180 - 180
Deg
-75
ROADir
1 - 90
Deg
75
LowVolt_VM
0.0 - 5.0
%UB
0.1
0.5
Operation_OC1
Off
On
Off
StartCurr_OC1
2.0 - 5000.0
%IB
1.0
120.0
CurveType_OC1
tDef_OC1
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
0.50
526
Technical reference manual
Section 10
Multipurpose protection
Name
Step
Default
k_OC1
Values (Range)
0.05 - 999.00
Unit
-
0.01
0.30
Description
Time multiplier for the dependent time
delay for OC1
IMin1
1 - 10000
%IB
100
tMin_OC1
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
0.05
VCntrlMode_OC1
Voltage control
Input control
Volt/Input control
Off
Off
VDepMode_OC1
Step
Slope
Step
VDepFact_OC1
0.02 - 5.00
0.01
1.00
ULowLimit_OC1
1.0 - 200.0
%UB
0.1
50.0
UHighLimit_OC1
1.0 - 200.0
%UB
0.1
100.0
HarmRestr_OC1
Off
On
Off
DirMode_OC1
Non-directional
Forward
Reverse
Non-directional
DirPrinc_OC1
I&U
IcosPhi&U
I&U
ActLowVolt1_VM
Non-directional
Block
Memory
Non-directional
Operation_OC2
Off
On
Off
StartCurr_OC2
2.0 - 5000.0
%IB
1.0
120.0
CurveType_OC2
tDef_OC2
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
0.50
k_OC2
0.05 - 999.00
0.01
0.30
Section 10
Multipurpose protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
IMin2
1 - 10000
%IB
50
tMin_OC2
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
0.05
VCntrlMode_OC2
Voltage control
Input control
Volt/Input control
Off
Off
VDepMode_OC2
Step
Slope
Step
VDepFact_OC2
0.02 - 5.00
0.01
1.00
ULowLimit_OC2
1.0 - 200.0
%UB
0.1
50.0
UHighLimit_OC2
1.0 - 200.0
%UB
0.1
100.0
HarmRestr_OC2
Off
On
Off
DirMode_OC2
Non-directional
Forward
Reverse
Non-directional
DirPrinc_OC2
I&U
IcosPhi&U
I&U
ActLowVolt2_VM
Non-directional
Block
Memory
Non-directional
Operation_UC1
Off
On
Off
EnBlkLowI_UC1
Off
On
Off
BlkLowCurr_UC1
0 - 150
%IB
20
StartCurr_UC1
2.0 - 150.0
%IB
1.0
70.0
tDef_UC1
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
0.50
tResetDef_UC1
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
0.00
HarmRestr_UC1
Off
On
Off
Operation_UC2
Off
On
Off
EnBlkLowI_UC2
Off
On
Off
BlkLowCurr_UC2
0 - 150
%IB
20
StartCurr_UC2
2.0 - 150.0
%IB
1.0
70.0
tDef_UC2
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
0.50
HarmRestr_UC2
Off
On
Off
Section 10
Multipurpose protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation_OV1
Off
On
Off
StartVolt_OV1
2.0 - 200.0
%UB
0.1
150.0
CurveType_OV1
Definite time
Inverse curve A
Inverse curve B
Inverse curve C
Prog. inv. curve
Definite time
tDef_OV1
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
1.00
tMin_OV1
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
0.05
k_OV1
0.05 - 999.00
0.01
0.30
Operation_OV2
Off
On
Off
StartVolt_OV2
2.0 - 200.0
%UB
0.1
150.0
CurveType_OV2
Definite time
Inverse curve A
Inverse curve B
Inverse curve C
Prog. inv. curve
Definite time
tDef_OV2
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
1.00
tMin_OV2
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
0.05
k_OV2
0.05 - 999.00
0.01
0.30
Operation_UV1
Off
On
Off
StartVolt_UV1
2.0 - 150.0
%UB
0.1
50.0
CurveType_UV1
Definite time
Inverse curve A
Inverse curve B
Prog. inv. curve
Definite time
tDef_UV1
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
1.00
tMin_UV1
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
0.05
k_UV1
0.05 - 999.00
0.01
0.30
EnBlkLowV_UV1
Off
On
On
BlkLowVolt_UV1
0.0 - 5.0
%UB
0.1
0.5
Operation_UV2
Off
On
Off
529
Technical reference manual
Section 10
Multipurpose protection
Name
Step
Default
StartVolt_UV2
2.0 - 150.0
%UB
0.1
50.0
CurveType_UV2
Definite time
Inverse curve A
Inverse curve B
Prog. inv. curve
Definite time
tDef_UV2
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
1.00
tMin_UV2
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
0.05
k_UV2
0.05 - 999.00
0.01
0.30
EnBlkLowV_UV2
Off
On
On
BlkLowVolt_UV2
0.0 - 5.0
%UB
0.1
0.5
Table 304:
Values (Range)
Unit
Description
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
CurrMult_OC1
1.0 - 10.0
0.1
2.0
ResCrvType_OC1
Instantaneous
IEC Reset
ANSI reset
Instantaneous
tResetDef_OC1
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
0.00
P_OC1
0.001 - 10.000
0.001
0.020
A_OC1
0.000 - 999.000
0.001
0.140
B_OC1
0.000 - 99.000
0.001
0.000
C_OC1
0.000 - 1.000
0.001
1.000
PR_OC1
0.005 - 3.000
0.001
0.500
TR_OC1
0.005 - 600.000
0.001
13.500
CR_OC1
0.1 - 10.0
0.1
1.0
CurrMult_OC2
1.0 - 10.0
0.1
2.0
ResCrvType_OC2
Instantaneous
IEC Reset
ANSI reset
Instantaneous
tResetDef_OC2
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
0.00
P_OC2
0.001 - 10.000
0.001
0.020
Section 10
Multipurpose protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
A_OC2
0.000 - 999.000
0.001
0.140
B_OC2
0.000 - 99.000
0.001
0.000
C_OC2
0.000 - 1.000
0.001
1.000
PR_OC2
0.005 - 3.000
0.001
0.500
TR_OC2
0.005 - 600.000
0.001
13.500
CR_OC2
0.1 - 10.0
0.1
1.0
tResetDef_UC2
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
0.00
ResCrvType_OV1
Instantaneous
Frozen timer
Linearly decreased
Instantaneous
tResetDef_OV1
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
0.00
tResetIDMT_OV1
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
0.00
A_OV1
0.005 - 999.000
0.001
0.140
B_OV1
0.500 - 99.000
0.001
1.000
C_OV1
0.000 - 1.000
0.001
1.000
D_OV1
0.000 - 10.000
0.001
0.000
P_OV1
0.001 - 10.000
0.001
0.020
ResCrvType_OV2
Instantaneous
Frozen timer
Linearly decreased
Instantaneous
tResetDef_OV2
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
0.00
tResetIDMT_OV2
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
0.00
A_OV2
0.005 - 999.000
0.001
0.140
B_OV2
0.500 - 99.000
0.001
1.000
C_OV2
0.000 - 1.000
0.001
1.000
D_OV2
0.000 - 10.000
0.001
0.000
P_OV2
0.001 - 10.000
0.001
0.020
531
Technical reference manual
Section 10
Multipurpose protection
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
ResCrvType_UV1
Instantaneous
Frozen timer
Linearly decreased
Instantaneous
tResetDef_UV1
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
0.00
tResetIDMT_UV1
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
0.00
A_UV1
0.005 - 999.000
0.001
0.140
B_UV1
0.500 - 99.000
0.001
1.000
C_UV1
0.000 - 1.000
0.001
1.000
D_UV1
0.000 - 10.000
0.001
0.000
P_UV1
0.001 - 10.000
0.001
0.020
ResCrvType_UV2
Instantaneous
Frozen timer
Linearly decreased
Instantaneous
tResetDef_UV2
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
0.00
tResetIDMT_UV2
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
0.00
A_UV2
0.005 - 999.000
0.001
0.140
B_UV2
0.500 - 99.000
0.001
1.000
C_UV2
0.000 - 1.000
0.001
1.000
D_UV2
0.000 - 10.000
0.001
0.000
P_UV2
0.001 - 10.000
0.001
0.020
532
Technical reference manual
Section 10
Multipurpose protection
10.1.6
Technical data
Table 305:
Function
Range or value
Accuracy
Measuring current
input
Base current
(1 - 99999) A
Measuring voltage
input
Base voltage
(0.05 - 2000.00) kV
Start overcurrent,
step 1 and 2
(2 - 5000)% of IBase
Start undercurrent,
step 1 and 2
(2 - 150)% of IBase
(0.00 - 6000.00) s
0.5% 10 ms
25 ms typically at 0 to 2 x Iset
25 ms typically at 2 to 0 x Iset
25 ms typically at 2 to 0 x Iset
25 ms typically at 0 to 2 x Iset
0.5% of Ur
Start overvoltage,
step 1 and 2
Start undervoltage,
step 1 and 2
25 ms typically at 0 to 2 x Uset
25 ms typically at 2 to 0 x Uset
25 ms typically 2 to 0 x Uset
Section 10
Multipurpose protection
Function
Range or value
Accuracy
25 ms typically at 0 to 2 x Uset
Directional function
Relay characteristic
angle
2.0 degrees
(1 to 90) degrees
2.0 degrees
Reset ratio,
overcurrent
> 95%
Reset ratio,
undercurrent
< 105%
Reset ratio,
overvoltage
> 95%
Reset ratio,
undervoltage
< 105%
10 ms typically at 0 to 2 x Iset
15 ms typically
10 ms typically at 2 to 0 x Iset
15 ms typically
10 ms typically at 0 to 2 x Uset
15 ms typically
10 ms typically at 2 to 0 x Uset
15 ms typically
Overcurrent:
Undercurrent:
Overvoltage:
Undervoltage:
534
Technical reference manual
Section 11
Secondary system supervision
Section 11
11.1
11.1.1
IEC 61850
identification
CCSRDIF
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
87
Introduction
Open or short circuited current transformer cores can cause unwanted operation of
many protection functions such as differential, earth-fault current and negativesequence current functions.
It must be remembered that a blocking of protection functions at an occurrence of
open CT circuit will mean that the situation will remain and extremely high
voltages will stress the secondary circuit.
Current circuit supervision (CCSRDIF) compares the residual current from a three
phase set of current transformer cores with the neutral point current on a separate
input taken from another set of cores on the current transformer.
A detection of a difference indicates a fault in the circuit and is used as alarm or to
block protection functions expected to give unwanted tripping.
11.1.2
Principle of operation
Current circuit supervision CCSRDIF compares the absolute value of the vectorial
sum of the three phase currents |Iphase| and the numerical value of the residual
current |Iref| from another current transformer set, see figure 299.
The FAIL output will be set to a logical one when the following criteria are fulfilled:
535
Technical reference manual
Section 11
Secondary system supervision
The numerical value of the difference |Iphase| |Iref| is higher than 80% of
the numerical value of the sum |Iphase| + |Iref|.
The numerical value of the current |Iphase| |Iref| is equal to or higher than
the set operate value IMinOp.
No phase current has exceeded Ip>Block during the last 10 ms.
CCSRDIF is enabled by setting Operation = On.
The FAIL output remains activated 100 ms after the AND-gate resets when being
activated for more than 20 ms. If the FAIL lasts for more than 150 ms an ALARM
will be issued. In this case the FAIL and ALARM will remain activated 1 s after
the AND-gate resets. This prevents unwanted resetting of the blocking function
when phase current supervision element(s) operate, for example, during a fault.
IEC05000463 V1 EN
Figure 299:
536
Technical reference manual
Section 11
Secondary system supervision
| I phase | - | I ref |
Slope = 1
Slope = 0.8
Operation
area
I MinOp
| I phase | + | I ref |
99000068.vsd
IEC99000068 V1 EN
Figure 300:
Operate characteristics
Due to the formulas for the axis compared, |SIphase | - |I ref | and |S
I phase | + | I ref | respectively, the slope can not be above 2.
11.1.3
Function block
CCSRDIF
I3P*
IREF*
BLOCK
FAIL
ALARM
IEC05000389-2-en.vsd
IEC05000389 V2 EN
Figure 301:
11.1.4
Default
Description
I3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
IREF
GROUP
SIGNAL
TBD
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
537
Technical reference manual
Section 11
Secondary system supervision
Table 307:
Name
11.1.5
Table 308:
Name
Type
Description
FAIL
BOOLEAN
ALARM
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
CCSRDIF Group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
IMinOp
5 - 200
%IB
20
Table 309:
Name
Ip>Block
11.1.6
Unit
Step
%IB
150
Description
Block of the function at high phase
current, in % of IBase
Function
Range or value
Accuracy
Operate current
(5-200)% of Ir
10.0% of Ir at I Ir
10.0% of I at I > Ir
Block current
(5-500)% of Ir
5.0% of Ir at I Ir
5.0% of I at I > Ir
11.2.1
Default
Technical data
Table 310:
11.2
IEC 61850
identification
SDDRFUF
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
-
Introduction
The aim of the fuse failure supervision function (SDDRFUF) is to block voltage
measuring functions at failures in the secondary circuits between the voltage
538
Technical reference manual
Section 11
Secondary system supervision
transformer and the IED in order to avoid unwanted operations that otherwise
might occur.
The fuse failure supervision function basically has three different algorithms,
negative sequence and zero sequence based algorithms and an additional delta
voltage and delta current algorithm.
The negative sequence detection algorithm is recommended for IEDs used in
isolated or high-impedance earthed networks. It is based on the negative-sequence
measuring quantities, a high value of voltage 3U2 without the presence of the
negative-sequence current 3I2.
The zero sequence detection algorithm is recommended for IEDs used in directly
or low impedance earthed networks. It is based on the zero sequence measuring
quantities, a high value of voltage 3U0 without the presence of the residual current
3I0.
For better adaptation to system requirements, an operation mode setting has been
introduced which makes it possible to select the operating conditions for negative
sequence and zero sequence based function. The selection of different operation
modes makes it possible to choose different interaction possibilities between the
negative sequence and zero sequence based algorithm.
A criterion based on delta current and delta voltage measurements can be added to
the fuse failure supervision function in order to detect a three phase fuse failure,
which in practice is more associated with voltage transformer switching during
station operations.
11.2.2
Principle of operation
11.2.2.1
The measured signals are compared with their respective set values 3U0< and
3I0>, 3U2< and 3I2>.
The function enable the internal signal FuseFailDetZeroSeq if the measured zerosequence voltage is higher than the set value 3U0> and the measured zerosequence current is below the set value 3I0<.
539
Technical reference manual
Section 11
Secondary system supervision
CurrZeroSeq
IL1
Zero
sequence
filter
IL2
3I0
a
b
a>b
100 ms
t
3I2
Negative
sequence
filter
IL3
a
b
3I2<
CurrNegSeq
a>b
100 ms
t
AND
AND
3U0>
FuseFailDetZeroSeq
FuseFailDetNegSeq
VoltZeroSeq
UL1
Zero
sequence
filter
UL2
Negative
sequence
filter
UL3
a
b
3U0
a>b
VoltNegSeq
a
b
3U2
a>b
3U2>
IEC10000036-1-en.vsd
IEC10000036 V1 EN
Figure 302:
The calculated values 3U0, 3I0, 3I2 and 3U2 are available as service values on local
HMI and monitoring tool in PCM600.
The output signals 3PH, BLKU and BLKZ can be blocked in the following conditions:
The input BLOCK signal is a general purpose blocking signal of the fuse failure
supervision function. It can be connected to a binary input of the IED in order to
receive a block command from external devices or can be software connected to
other internal functions of the IED itself in order to receive a block command from
540
Technical reference manual
Section 11
Secondary system supervision
internal functions. Through OR gate it can be connected to both binary inputs and
internal function outputs.
The input BLKSP is intended to be connected to the trip output at any of the
protection functions included in the IED. When activated for more than 20 ms, the
operation of the fuse failure is blocked during a fixed time of 100 ms. The aim is to
increase the security against unwanted operations during the opening of the
breaker, which might cause unbalance conditions for which the fuse failure might
operate.
The output signal BLKZ will also be blocked if the internal dead line detection is
activated. The block signal has a 200 ms drop-out time delay.
The input signal MCBOP is supposed to be connected via a terminal binary input
to the N.C. auxiliary contact of the miniature circuit breaker protecting the VT
secondary circuit. The MCBOP signal sets the output signals BLKU and BLKZ in
order to block all the voltage related functions when the MCB is open independent
of the setting of OpMode selector. The additional drop-out timer of 150 ms
prolongs the presence of MCBOP signal to prevent the unwanted operation of
voltage dependent function due to non simultaneous closing of the main contacts of
the miniature circuit breaker.
The input signal DISCPOS is supposed to be connected via a terminal binary input
to the N.C. auxiliary contact of the line disconnector. The DISCPOS signal sets the
output signal BLKU in order to block the voltage related functions when the line
disconnector is open. The impedance protection function is not affected by the
position of the line disconnector since there will be no line currents that can cause
malfunction of the distance protection. If DISCPOS=0 it signifies that the line is
connected to the system and when the DISCPOS=1 it signifies that the line is
disconnected from the system and the block signal BLKU is generated.
The output BLKU can be used for blocking the voltage related measuring functions
(undervoltage protection, synchro-check and so on) except for the impedance
protection.
The function output BLKZ shall be used for blocking the impedance protection
function.
541
Technical reference manual
Section 11
Secondary system supervision
AND
BlocFuse = Yes
BLOCK
intBlock
OR
20 ms
t
BLKTRIP
AND
100 ms
t
AND
AND
AND
SealIn = On
3PH
AND
Any UL < UsealIn<
FuseFailDetDUDI
AND
OpDUDI = On
OR
5s
t
FuseFailDetZeroSeq
AND
AND
FuseFailDetNegSeq
AND
UNsINs
OR
UZsIZs
UZsIZs OR UNsINs
OpMode
CurrZeroSeq
CurrNegSeq
OR
OR
AND
a>b
AND
200 ms
t
DeadLineDet1Ph
AND
150 ms
t
MCBOP
60 sec
t
VoltZeroSeq
VoltNegSeq
OR
OR
OR
OR
AND
AND
BLKZ
BLKU
AND
5 sec
t
AllCurrLow
CBCLOSED
DISCPOS
IEC10000033-1-en.vsd
IEC10000033 V1 EN
Figure 303:
542
Technical reference manual
Section 11
Secondary system supervision
11.2.2.2
The magnitude of the phase-ground voltage has been above UPh> for more
than 1.5 cycle
The magnitude of DU is higher than the corresponding setting DU>
The magnitude of DI is below the setting DI>
The magnitude of the phase current in the same phase is higher than the setting
IPh>
The circuit breaker is closed (CBCLOSED = True)
The first criterion means that detection of failure in one phase together with high
current for the same phase will set the output. The measured phase current is used
to reduce the risk of false fuse failure detection. If the current on the protected line
is low, a voltage drop in the system (not caused by fuse failure) is not by certain
followed by current change and a false fuse failure might occur
The second criterion requires that the delta condition shall be fulfilled in any phase
at the same time as circuit breaker is closed. Opening circuit breaker at one end and
energizing the line from other end onto a fault could lead to wrong start of the fuse
failure function at the end with the open breaker. If this is considering to be an
important disadvantage, connect the CBCLOSED input to FALSE. In this way
only the first criterion can activate the delta function.
543
Technical reference manual
Section 11
Secondary system supervision
DUDI Detection
DUDI detection Phase 1
IL1
One cycle
delay
|DI|
a
b
DI<
UL1
a>b
One cycle
delay
|DU|
a
b
DU>
a
b
UPh>
IL2
a>b
20 ms
t
a>b
AND
1.5 cycle
t
UL2
IL3
UL3
UL1
a
b
IL1
IPh>
a
b
a<b
a>b
AND
CBCLOSED
UL2
a
b
IL2
AND
a
b
a
b
IL3
a
b
OR
AND
a<b
a>b
AND
AND
UL3
OR
OR
OR
AND
a<b
a>b
AND
AND
OR
OR
AND
OR
FuseFailDetDUDI
IEC10000034-1-en.vsd
IEC10000034 V1 EN
Figure 304:
544
Technical reference manual
Section 11
Secondary system supervision
11.2.2.3
a
b
IL2
a
b
IL3
a
b
a<b
AllCurrLow
AND
a<b
a<b
IDLD<
UL1
DeadLineDet1Ph
a
b
UL2
a
b
UL3
a
b
a<b
a<b
AND
OR
AND
AND
AND
a<b
DLD1PH
AND
AND
DLD3PH
UDLD<
intBlock
IEC10000035-1-en.vsd
IEC10000035 V1 EN
Figure 305:
11.2.2.4
Main logic
A simplified diagram for the functionality is found in figure 306. The fuse failure
supervision function (SDDRFUF) can be switched on or off by the setting
parameter Operation to On or Off.
For increased flexibility and adaptation to system requirements an operation mode
selector, OpMode, has been introduced to make it possible to select different
operating modes for the negative and zero sequence based algorithms. The
different operation modes are:
545
Technical reference manual
Section 11
Secondary system supervision
UZsIZs OR UNsINs; Both negative and zero sequence is activated and working
in parallel in an OR-condition
UZsIZs AND UNsINs; Both negative and zero sequence is activated and
working in series (AND-condition for operation)
OptimZsNs; Optimum of negative and zero sequence (the function that has the
highest magnitude of measured negative and zero sequence current will be
activated)
The delta function can be activated by setting the parameter OpDUDI to On. When
selected it operates in parallel with the sequence based algorithms.
As soon as any fuse failure situation is detected, signals FuseFailDetZeroSeq,
FuseFailDetNegSeq or FuseFailDetDUDI, and the specific functionality is
released, the function will activate the output signal BLKU. The output signal
BLKZ will be activated as well if not the internal dead phase detection,
DeadLineDet1Ph, is activated at the same time. The output BLKU can be used for
blocking voltage related measuring functions (under voltage protection, synchrocheck, and so on). For blocking of impedance protection functions output BLKZ
shall be used.
If the fuse failure situation is present for more than 5 seconds and the setting
parameter SealIn is set to On it will be sealed in as long as at least one phase
voltages is below the set value USealIn<. This will keep the BLKU and BLKZ
signals activated as long as any phase voltage is below the set value USealIn<. If
all three phase voltages drop below the set value USealIn< and the setting
parameter SealIn is set to On also the output signal 3PH will be activated. The
signals 3PH, BLKU and BLKZ signals will now be active as long as any phase
voltage is below the set value USealIn<.
If SealIn is set to On fuse failure condition is stored in the non volatile memory in
the IED. At start-up (due to auxiliary power interruption or re-start due to
configuration change) the IED checks the stored value in its non volatile memory
and re-establishes the conditions present before the shut down. All phase voltages
must became above USealIn< before fuse failure is de-activated and inhibits the
block of different protection functions.
The output signal BLKU will also be active if all phase voltages have been above
the setting USealIn< for more than 60 seconds, the zero or negative sequence
voltage has been above the set value 3U0> and 3U2> for more than 5 seconds, all
phase currents are below the setting IDLD< (operate level for dead line detection)
and the circuit breaker is closed (input CBCLOSED is activated).
The input signal MCBOP is supposed to be connected via a terminal binary input
to the N.C. auxiliary contact of the miniature circuit breaker protecting the VT
secondary circuit. The MCBOP signal sets the output signals BLKU and BLKZ in
order to block all the voltage related functions when the MCB is open independent
of the setting of OpMode or OpDUDI. An additional drop-out timer of 150 ms
prolongs the presence of MCBOP signal to prevent the unwanted operation of
546
Technical reference manual
Section 11
Secondary system supervision
voltage dependent function due to non simultaneous closing of the main contacts of
the miniature circuit breaker.
The input signal DISCPOS is supposed to be connected via a terminal binary input
to the N.C. auxiliary contact of the line disconnector. The DISCPOS signal sets the
output signal BLKU in order to block the voltage related functions when the line
disconnector is open. The impedance protection function does not have to be
affected since there will be no line currents that can cause malfunction of the
distance protection.
The output signals 3PH, BLKU and BLKZ as well as the signals DLD1PH and
DLD3PH from dead line detections are blocked if any of the following conditions
occur:
The input BLOCK is a general purpose blocking signal of the fuse failure
supervision function. It can be connected to a binary input of the IED in order to
receive a block command from external devices or can be software connected to
other internal functions of the IED. Through OR gate it can be connected to both
binary inputs and internal function outputs.
The input BLKTRIP is intended to be connected to the trip output of any of the
protection functions included in the IED and/or trip from external equipments via
binary inputs. When activated for more than 20 ms without any fuse fail detected,
the operation of the fuse failure is blocked during a fixed time of 100 ms. The aim
is to increase the security against unwanted operations during the opening of the
breaker, which might cause unbalance conditions for which the fuse failure might
operate.
547
Technical reference manual
Section 11
Secondary system supervision
AND
BlocFuse = Yes
BLOCK
intBlock
OR
20 ms
t
BLKTRIP
AND
100 ms
t
AND
AND
AND
SealIn = On
3PH
AND
Any UL < UsealIn<
FuseFailDetDUDI
AND
OpDUDI = On
OR
5s
t
FuseFailDetZeroSeq
AND
AND
FuseFailDetNegSeq
AND
UNsINs
OR
UZsIZs
UZsIZs OR UNsINs
OpMode
CurrZeroSeq
CurrNegSeq
OR
OR
AND
a>b
AND
200 ms
t
DeadLineDet1Ph
AND
150 ms
t
MCBOP
60 sec
t
VoltZeroSeq
VoltNegSeq
OR
OR
OR
OR
AND
AND
BLKZ
BLKU
AND
5 sec
t
AllCurrLow
CBCLOSED
DISCPOS
IEC10000033-1-en.vsd
IEC10000033 V1 EN
Figure 306:
548
Technical reference manual
Section 11
Secondary system supervision
11.2.3
Function block
SDDRFUF
I3P*
U3P*
BLOCK
CBCLOSED
MCBOP
DISCPOS
BLKTRIP
BLKZ
BLKU
3PH
DLD1PH
DLD3PH
IEC05000700-2-en.vsd
IEC05000700 V3 EN
Figure 307:
11.2.4
Name
Type
GROUP
SIGNAL
Current connection
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
Voltage connection
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
CBCLOSED
BOOLEAN
MCBOP
BOOLEAN
DISCPOS
BOOLEAN
BLKTRIP
BOOLEAN
Name
Table 313:
Description
I3P
Table 312:
11.2.5
Default
Type
Description
BLKZ
BOOLEAN
BLKU
BOOLEAN
3PH
BOOLEAN
DLD1PH
BOOLEAN
DLD3PH
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
SDDRFUF Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
On
Operation Off / On
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
Base current
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
Base voltage
Section 11
Secondary system supervision
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
OpMode
Off
UNsINs
UZsIZs
UZsIZs OR UNsINs
UZsIZs AND
UNsINs
OptimZsNs
UZsIZs
3U0>
1 - 100
%UB
30
3I0<
1 - 100
%IB
10
3U2>
1 - 100
%UB
30
3I2<
1 - 100
%IB
10
OpDUDI
Off
On
Off
DU>
1 - 100
%UB
60
DI<
1 - 100
%IB
15
UPh>
1 - 100
%UB
70
IPh>
1 - 100
%IB
10
SealIn
Off
On
On
USealln<
1 - 100
%UB
70
IDLD<
1 - 100
%IB
UDLD<
1 - 100
%UB
60
11.2.6
Technical data
Table 314:
Function
Range or value
Accuracy
(1-100)% of UBase
1.0% of Ur
(1100)% of IBase
1.0% of Ir
(1100)% of UBase
0.5% of Ur
(1100)% of IBase
1.0% of Ir
(1100)% of UBase
5.0% of Ur
(1100)% of IBase
5.0% of Ir
(1-100)% of UBase
0.5% of Ur
(1-100)% of IBase
1.0% of Ir
Section 11
Secondary system supervision
Function
Range or value
Accuracy
(1-100)% of UBase
0.5% of Ur
(1-100)% of IBase
1.0% of Ir
25 ms typically at 1 to 0 Ubase
35 ms typically at 0 to 1 Ubase
551
Technical reference manual
552
Section 12
Control
Section 12
Control
12.1
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
SESRSYN
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
25
sc/vc
SYMBOL-M V1 EN
12.1.1
Introduction
The Synchronizing function allows closing of asynchronous networks at the correct
moment including the breaker closing time, which improves the network stability.
Synchrocheck, energizing check, and synchronizing (SESRSYN) function checks
that the voltages on both sides of the circuit breaker are in synchronism, or with at
least one side dead to ensure that closing can be done safely.
SESRSYN function includes a built-in voltage selection scheme for double bus and
1 breaker or ring busbar arrangements.
Manual closing as well as automatic reclosing can be checked by the function and
can have different settings.
For systems which are running asynchronous a synchronizing function is provided.
The main purpose of the synchronizing function is to provide controlled closing of
circuit breakers when two asynchronous systems are going to be connected. It is
used for slip frequencies that are larger than those for synchrocheck and lower than
a set maximum level for the synchronizing function.
553
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.1.2
Principle of operation
12.1.2.1
Basic functionality
The synchrocheck function measures the conditions across the circuit breaker and
compares them to set limits. The output is only given when all measured quantities
are simultaneously within their set limits.
The energizing check function measures the bus and line voltages and compares
them to both high and low threshold detectors. The output is given only when the
actual measured quantities match the set conditions.
The synchronizing function measures the conditions across the circuit breaker, and
also determines the angle change occurring during the closing delay of the circuit
breaker, from the measured slip frequency. The output is given only when all
measured conditions are simultaneously within their set limits. The issue of the
output is timed to give closure at the optimal time including the time for the circuit
breaker and the closing circuit.
For single circuit breaker and 1 breaker circuit breaker arrangements, the
SESRSYN function blocks have the capability to make the necessary voltage
selection. For single circuit breaker arrangements, selection of the correct voltage
is made using auxiliary contacts of the bus disconnectors. For 1 breaker circuit
breaker arrangements, correct voltage selection is made using auxiliary contacts of
the bus disconnectors as well as the circuit breakers.
The internal logic for each function block as well as, the input and outputs, and the
setting parameters with default setting and setting ranges is described in this
document. For application related information, please refer to the application manual.
12.1.2.2
Logic diagrams
Logic diagrams
The logic diagrams that follow illustrate the main principles of the synchronizing
function components such as Synchrocheck, Energizing check and Voltage
selection, and are intended to simplify the understanding of the function.
Synchrocheck
The voltage difference, frequency difference and phase angle difference values are
measured in the IED centrally and are available for the synchrocheck function for
evaluation. If the bus voltage is connected as phase-phase and the line voltage as
phase-neutral (or the opposite), this need to be compensated. This is done with a
setting, which scales up the line voltage to a level equal to the bus voltage.
When the function is set to OperationSC = On, the measuring will start.
The function will compare the bus and line voltage values with the set values for
UHighBusSC and UHighLineSC.
554
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
If both sides are higher than the set values, the measured values are compared with
the set values for acceptable frequency, phase angle and voltage difference:
FreqDiff, PhaseDiff and UDiff. If a compensation factor is set due to the use of
different voltages on the bus and line, the factor is deducted from the line voltage
before the comparison of the phase angle values.
The frequency on both sides of the circuit breaker is also measured. The
frequencies must not deviate from the rated frequency more than +/-5Hz. The
frequency difference between the bus frequency and the line frequency is measured
and may not exceed the set value.
Two sets of settings for frequency difference and phase angle difference are
available and used for the manual closing and autoreclose functions respectively, as
required.
The inputs BLOCK and BLKSC are available for total block of the complete
SESRSYN function and block of the Synchrocheck function respectively. Input
TSTSC will allow testing of the function where the fulfilled conditions are
connected to a separate test output.
The outputs MANSYOK and AUTOSYOK are activated when the actual measured
conditions match the set conditions for the respective output. The output signal can
be delayed independently for MANSYOK and AUTOSYOK conditions.
A number of outputs are available as information about fulfilled checking
conditions. UOKSC shows that the voltages are high, UDIFFSC, FRDIFFA,
FRDIFFM, PHDIFFA, PHDIFFM shows when the voltage difference, frequency
difference and phase angle difference conditions are met.
Output INADVCLS, inadvertent circuit breaker closing, indicate that the circuit
breaker has been closed by some other equipment or function than SESRSYN. The
output is activated, if the voltage condition is fulfilled at the same time the phase
angle difference between bus and line is suddenly changed from being larger than
60 degrees to smaller than 5 degrees.
555
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
AND
TSTAUTSY
TSTSC
BLKSC
BLOCK
AND
OR
AND
AUTOSYOK
0-60 s
t
AND
tSCA
UDiffSC
AND
50 ms
t
UHighBusSC
UOKSC
AND
UHighLineSC
FreqDiffA
PhaseDiffA
UDIFFSC
FRDIFFA
PHDIFFA
UDIFFME
voltageDifferenceValue
FRDIFFME
frequencyDifferenceValue
PHDIFFME
phaseAngleDifferenceValue
PhDiff > 60
AND
32 ms
t
100 ms
AND
INADVCLS
PhDiff < 5
IEC07000114-3-en.vsd
IEC07000114 V3 EN
Figure 308:
Synchronizing
556
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
There is a phase angle release internally to block any incorrect closing pulses. At
operation the SYNOK output will be activated with a pulse tClosePulse and the
function reset. The function will also reset if the synchronizing conditions are not
fulfilled within the set tMaxSynch time. This prevents that the functions are, by
mistake, maintained in operation for a long time, waiting for conditions to be fulfilled.
The inputs BLOCK and BLKSYNCH are available for total block of the complete
function respective of the synchronizing part. TSTSYNCH will allow testing of the
function where the fulfilled conditions are connected to a separate output.
SYN1
OPERATION SYNCH
OFF
ON
TEST MODE
OFF
ON
STARTSYN
AND
BLKSYNCH
OR
AND
S
R
UDiffSynch
50 ms
UHighBusSynch
AND
SYNOK
AND
UHighLineSynch
OR
FreqDiffMax
AND
FreqDiffMin
OR
FreqRateChange
fBus&fLine 5 Hz
PhaseDiff < 15 deg
SYNPROGR
AND
AND
TSTSYNOK
tClose
Pulse
tMax
Synch
SYNFAIL
PhaseDiff=closing angle
IEC06000636-2-en.vsd
IEC06000636 V2 EN
Figure 309:
Energizing check
Voltage values are measured in the IED centrally and are available for evaluation
by the Energizing check function.
The function measures voltages on the busbar and the line to verify whether they
are live or dead. This is done by comparing with the set values UHighBusEnerg
and ULowBusEnerg for bus energizing and UHighLineEnerg and ULowLineEnerg
for line energizing.
The frequency on both sides of the circuit breaker is also measured. The
frequencies must not deviate from the rated frequency more than +/-5Hz. The
557
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
frequency difference between the bus frequency and the line frequency is measured
and shall not exceed a set value.
The Energizing direction can be selected individually for the Manual and the
Automatic functions respectively. When the conditions are met the outputs
AUTOENOK and MANENOK respectively will be activated if the fuse
supervision conditions are fulfilled. The output signal can be delayed
independently for MANENOK and AUTOENOK conditions. The Energizing
direction can also be selected by an integer input AENMODE respective
MENMODE, which for example, can be connected to a Binary to Integer function
block (B16I). Integers supplied shall be 1=off, 2=DLLB, 3=DBLL and 4= Both.
Not connected input with connection of INTZERO output from Fixed Signals
(FIXDSIGN) function block will mean that the setting is done from Parameter
Setting tool. The active position can be read on outputs MODEAEN resp
MODEMEN. The modes are 0=OFF, 1=DLLB, 2=DBLL and 3=Both.
The inputs BLOCK and BLKENERG are available for total block of the complete
SESRSYN function respective block of the Energizing check function.
TSTENERG will allow testing of the function where the fulfilled conditions are
connected to a separate test output.
Voltage selection
This function uses the binary input from the disconnectors auxiliary contacts
B1QOPEN-B1QCLD for Bus 1, and B2QOPEN-B2QCLD for Bus 2 to select
between bus 1 and bus 2 voltages. If the disconnector connected to bus 1 is closed
and the disconnector connected to bus 2 is opened the bus 1 voltage is used. All
other combinations use the bus 2 voltage. The Outputs B1SEL and B2SEL
respectively indicate the selected Bus voltage.
558
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
The function checks the fuse-failure signals for bus 1, bus 2 and line voltage
transformers. Inputs UB1OK-UB1FF supervise the fuse for Bus 1 and UB2OKUB2FF supervises the fuse for Bus 2. ULNOK and ULNFF supervises the fuse for
the Line voltage transformer. The inputs fail (FF) or healthy (OK) can alternatively
be used dependent on the available signal. If a fuse-failure is detected in the
selected voltage source an output signal USELFAIL is set. This output signal is
true if the selected bus or line voltages have a fuse failure. This output as well as
the function can be blocked with the input signal BLOCK. The function logic
diagram is shown in figure 310.
B1QOPEN
B1SEL
AND
B1QCLD
B2QOPEN
B2SEL
AND
B2QCLD
AND
bus1Voltage
invalidSelection
busVoltage
bus2Voltage
UB1OK
UB1FF
OR
UB2OK
UB2FF
OR
ULN1OK
ULN1FF
OR
AND
OR
AND
selectedFuseOK
AND
AND
USELFAIL
BLOCK
en05000779.vsd
IEC05000779 V1 EN
Figure 310:
Logic diagram for the voltage selection function of a single circuit breaker with double busbars
Note that with 1 breaker schemes two Synchrocheck functions must be used in
the IED (three for two IEDs in a complete bay). Below, the scheme for one Bus
breaker and the Tie breakers is described.
This voltage selection function uses the binary inputs from the disconnectors and
circuit breakers auxiliary contacts to select the right voltage for the Synchrocheck
(Synchronism and Energizing check) function. For the bus circuit breaker one side
559
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
of the circuit breaker is connected to the busbar and the other side is connected
either to line 1, line 2 or the other busbar depending on the arrangement.
Inputs LN1QOPEN-LN1QCLD, B1QOPEN-B1QCLD, B2QOPEN-B2QCLD,
LN2QOPEN-LN2QCLD are inputs for the position of the Line disconnectors
respectively the Bus and Tie breakers. The Outputs LN1SEL, LN2SEL and B2SEL
will give indication of the selected Line voltage as a reference to the fixed Bus 1
voltage.
The fuse supervision is connected to ULNOK-ULNFF, and with alternative
Healthy or Failing fuse signals depending on what is available for each of fuse (MCB).
The tie circuit breaker is connected either to bus 1 or line 1 on one side and the
other side is connected either to bus 2 or line 2. Four different output combinations
are possible, bus to bus, bus to line, line to bus and line to line.
The function also checks the fuse-failure signals for bus 1, bus 2, line 1 and line 2.
If a fuse-failure is detected in the selected voltage an output signal USELFAIL is
set. This output signal is true if the selected bus or line voltages have a fuse failure.
This output as well as the function can be blocked with the input signal BLOCK.
The function block diagram for the voltage selection of a bus circuit breaker is
shown in figure 311 and for the tie circuit breaker in figure 312
560
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
LN1QOPEN
LN1QCLD
LN1SEL
AND
B1QOPEN
B1QCLD
LN2SEL
AND
AND
LN2QCLD
AND
invalidSelection
AND
AND
B2QOPEN
B2QCLD
B2SEL
OR
LN2QOPEN
AND
line1Voltage
lineVoltage
line2Voltage
bus2Voltage
UB1OK
UB1FF
OR
UB2OK
UB2FF
OR
OR
ULN1OK
ULN1FF
OR
ULN2OK
ULN2FF
OR
AND
AND
AND
AND
selectedFuseOK
USELFAIL
AND
BLOCK
en05000780.vsd
IEC05000780 V1 EN
Figure 311:
Simplified logic diagram for the voltage selection function for a bus circuit breaker in a 1 1/2
breaker arrangement
561
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
LN1QOPEN
LN1QCLD
LN1SEL
AND
B1SEL
1
B1QOPEN
B1QCLD
AND
AND
AND
line1Voltage
busVoltage
bus1Voltage
LN2QOPEN
LN2QCLD
LN2SEL
AND
B2SEL
1
B2QOPEN
B2QCLD
AND
AND
AND
OR
line2Voltage
invalidSelection
lineVoltage
bus2Voltage
UB1OK
UB1FF
UB2OK
UB2FF
OR
AND
OR
OR
ULN1OK
ULN1FF
OR
ULN2OK
ULN2FF
OR
AND
AND
AND
AND
selectedFuseOK
USELFAIL
AND
BLOCK
en05000781.vsd
IEC05000781 V1 EN
Figure 312:
Simplified logic diagram for the voltage selection function for the tie circuit breaker in 1 1/2
breaker arrangement.
External fuse failure signals or signals from a tripped fuse switch/MCB are
connected to binary inputs that are configured to the inputs of SESRSYN functions
in the IED. Alternatively, the internal signals from fuse failure supervision can be
used when available. There are two alternative connection possibilities. Inputs
labelled OK must be connected if the available contact indicates that the voltage
circuit is healthy. Inputs labelled FF must be connected if the available contact
indicates that the voltage circuit is faulty.
562
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
The UB1OK/UB2OK and UB1FF/UB2FF inputs are related to the busbar voltage
and the ULNOK and ULNFF inputs are related to the line voltage. Configure them
to the binary input or function outputs that indicate the status of the external fuse
failure of the busbar and line voltages. In the event of a fuse failure, the energizing
check function is blocked. The synchronizing and the synchrocheck function
requires full voltage on both sides and will be blocked automatically in the event of
fuse failures.
12.1.3
Function block
SESRSYN
U3PBB1*
SYNOK
U3PBB2*
AUTOSYOK
U3PLN1*
AUTOENOK
U3PLN2*
MANSYOK
BLOCK
MANENOK
BLKSYNCH
TSTSYNOK
BLKSC
TSTAUTSY
BLKENERG
TSTMANSY
B1QOPEN
TSTENOK
B1QCLD
USELFAIL
B2QOPEN
B1SEL
B2QCLD
B2SEL
LN1QOPEN
LN1SEL
LN1QCLD
LN2SEL
LN2QOPEN
SYNPROGR
LN2QCLD
SYNFAIL
UB1OK
UOKSYN
UB1FF
UDIFFSYN
UB2OK
FRDIFSYN
UB2FF
FRDIFFOK
ULN1OK
FRDERIVA
ULN1FF
UOKSC
ULN2OK
UDIFFSC
ULN2FF
FRDIFFA
STARTSYN
PHDIFFA
TSTSYNCH
FRDIFFM
TSTSC
PHDIFFM
TSTENERG
INADVCLS
AENMODE
UDIFFME
MENMODE
FRDIFFME
PHDIFFME
UBUS
ULINE
MODEAEN
MODEMEN
IEC10000046-1-en.vsd
IEC10000046 V1 EN
Figure 313:
12.1.4
Default
Description
U3PBB1
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3PBB2
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3PLN1
GROUP
SIGNAL
Section 12
Control
Name
Type
Default
Description
U3PLN2
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
General block
BLKSYNCH
BOOLEAN
Block synchronizing
BLKSC
BOOLEAN
BLKENERG
BOOLEAN
B1QOPEN
BOOLEAN
B1QCLD
BOOLEAN
B2QOPEN
BOOLEAN
B2QCLD
BOOLEAN
LN1QOPEN
BOOLEAN
LN1QCLD
BOOLEAN
LN2QOPEN
BOOLEAN
LN2QCLD
BOOLEAN
UB1OK
BOOLEAN
UB1FF
BOOLEAN
UB2OK
BOOLEAN
UB2FF
BOOLEAN
ULN1OK
BOOLEAN
ULN1FF
BOOLEAN
ULN2OK
BOOLEAN
ULN2FF
BOOLEAN
STARTSYN
BOOLEAN
Start synchronizing
TSTSYNCH
BOOLEAN
TSTSC
BOOLEAN
TSTENERG
BOOLEAN
AENMODE
INTEGER
MENMODE
INTEGER
Table 316:
Name
Description
SYNOK
BOOLEAN
Synchronizing OK output
AUTOSYOK
BOOLEAN
AUTOENOK
BOOLEAN
564
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Name
Type
Description
MANSYOK
BOOLEAN
MANENOK
BOOLEAN
TSTSYNOK
BOOLEAN
TSTAUTSY
BOOLEAN
TSTMANSY
BOOLEAN
TSTENOK
BOOLEAN
USELFAIL
BOOLEAN
B1SEL
BOOLEAN
Bus1 selected
B2SEL
BOOLEAN
Bus2 selected
LN1SEL
BOOLEAN
Line1 selected
LN2SEL
BOOLEAN
Line2 selected
SYNPROGR
BOOLEAN
Synchronizing in progress
SYNFAIL
BOOLEAN
Synchronizing failed
UOKSYN
BOOLEAN
UDIFFSYN
BOOLEAN
FRDIFSYN
BOOLEAN
FRDIFFOK
BOOLEAN
FRDERIVA
BOOLEAN
UOKSC
BOOLEAN
UDIFFSC
BOOLEAN
FRDIFFA
BOOLEAN
PHDIFFA
BOOLEAN
FRDIFFM
BOOLEAN
PHDIFFM
BOOLEAN
INADVCLS
BOOLEAN
UDIFFME
REAL
FRDIFFME
REAL
PHDIFFME
REAL
UBUS
REAL
Bus voltage
ULINE
REAL
Line voltage
MODEAEN
INTEGER
MODEMEN
INTEGER
565
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.1.5
Table 317:
Name
Setting parameters
SESRSYN Group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
CBConfig
No voltage sel.
Double bus
1 1/2 bus CB
1 1/2 bus alt. CB
Tie CB
No voltage sel.
Select CB configuration
UBaseBus
0.001 - 9999.999
kV
0.001
400.000
UBaseLine
0.001 - 9999.999
kV
0.001
400.000
PhaseShift
-180 - 180
Deg
Phase shift
URatio
0.040 - 25.000
0.001
1.000
Voltage ratio
OperationSynch
Off
On
Off
UHighBusSynch
50.0 - 120.0
%UBB
1.0
80.0
UHighLineSynch
50.0 - 120.0
%UBL
1.0
80.0
UDiffSynch
0.02 - 0.50
pu
0.01
0.10
FreqDiffMin
0.003 - 0.250
Hz
0.001
0.010
FreqDiffMax
0.050 - 0.250
Hz
0.001
0.200
FreqRateChange
0.000 - 0.500
Hz/s
0.001
0.300
tBreaker
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.080
tClosePulse
0.050 - 60.000
0.001
0.200
tMaxSynch
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
600.00
tMinSynch
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
2.000
OperationSC
Off
On
On
UHighBusSC
50.0 - 120.0
%UBB
1.0
80.0
UHighLineSC
50.0 - 120.0
%UBL
1.0
80.0
UDiffSC
0.02 - 0.50
pu
0.01
0.15
FreqDiffA
0.003 - 1.000
Hz
0.001
0.010
FreqDiffM
0.003 - 1.000
Hz
0.001
0.010
PhaseDiffA
5.0 - 90.0
Deg
1.0
25.0
566
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Name
Step
Default
PhaseDiffM
Values (Range)
5.0 - 90.0
Unit
Deg
1.0
25.0
Description
Phase angle difference limit between
bus and line Manual
tSCA
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.100
tSCM
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.100
AutoEnerg
Off
DLLB
DBLL
Both
DBLL
ManEnerg
Off
DLLB
DBLL
Both
Both
ManEnergDBDL
Off
On
Off
UHighBusEnerg
50.0 - 120.0
%UBB
1.0
80.0
UHighLineEnerg
50.0 - 120.0
%UBL
1.0
80.0
ULowBusEnerg
10.0 - 80.0
%UBB
1.0
40.0
ULowLineEnerg
10.0 - 80.0
%UBL
1.0
40.0
UMaxEnerg
50.0 - 180.0
%UB
1.0
115.0
tAutoEnerg
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.100
tManEnerg
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.100
567
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Table 318:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
SelPhaseBus1
Phase L1 for
busbar1
Phase L2 for
busbar1
Phase L3 for
busbar1
Phase L1L2 for
busbar1
Phase L2L3 for
busbar1
Phase L3L1 for
busbar1
Pos. sequence for
busbar1
Phase L1 for
busbar1
SelPhaseBus2
Phase L1 for
busbar2
Phase L2 for
busbar2
Phase L3 for
busbar2
Phase L1L2 for
busbar2
Phase L2L3 for
busbar2
Phase L3L1 for
busbar2
Pos. sequence for
busbar2
Phase L1 for
busbar2
SelPhaseLine1
SelPhaseLine2
568
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.1.6
Technical data
Table 319:
Function
12.2
Range or value
Accuracy
(0.40-25.000) % of UBaseBus
0.5% of Ur at U Ur
0.5% of U at U >Ur
> 95%
(0.003-1.000) Hz
2.0 mHz
(5.0-90.0) degrees
2.0 degrees
(0.02-0.5) p.u
0.5% of Ur
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
0.5% of Ur at U Ur
0.5% of U at U >Ur
> 95%
(10.0-80.0)% of UBase
0.5% of Ur
< 105%
0.5% of Ur at U Ur
0.5% of U at U >Ur
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
160 ms typically
80 ms typically
and UBaseLIne
Autorecloser SMBRREC
Function Description
Autorecloser
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
SMBRREC
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
79
O->I
SYMBOL-L V1 EN
569
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.2.1
Introduction
The autorecloser (SMBRREC) function provides high-speed and/or delayed autoreclosing for single or multi-breaker applications.
Up to five reclosing attempts can be included by parameter setting. The first
attempt can be single-, two and/or three phase for single phase or multi-phase faults
respectively.
Multiple autoreclosing functions are provided for multi-breaker arrangements. A
priority circuit allows one circuit breaker to close first and the second will only
close if the fault proved to be transient.
Each autoreclosing function can be configured to co-operate with a synchrocheck
function.
12.2.2
Principle of operation
12.2.2.1
Logic Diagrams
The logic diagrams below illustrate the principles applicable in the understanding
of the functionality.
12.2.2.2
12.2.2.3
570
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
When INTZERO from Fixed signal function block is connected to the input
MODEINT the parameter setting selected will be valid.
12.2.2.4
CBREADY: CB ready for a reclosing cycle, for example, charged operating gear
CBPOS: to ensure that the CB was closed when the line fault occurred and
start was applied
No blocking or inhibit signal shall be present.
After the start has been accepted, it is latched in and an internal signal Started is
set. It can be interrupted by certain events, like an inhibit signal.
To start auto-reclosing by CB position Open instead of from protection trip signals,
one has to configure the CB Open position signal to inputs CBPOS and START
and set a parameter StartByCBOpen = On and CBAuxContType = NormClosed
(normally closed). One also has to configure and connect signals from manual trip
commands to input INHIBIT.
The logic for switching the auto-recloser On/Off and the starting of the reclosing is
shown in figure 314. The following should be considered:
Setting Operation can be set to Off, External ctrl or On. External ctrl offers
the possibility of switching by external switches to inputs ON and OFF,
communication commands to the same inputs, and so on.
SMBRREC is normally started by tripping. It is either a Zone 1 and
Communication aided trip, or a general trip. If the general trip is used the
function must be blocked from all back-up tripping connected to INHIBIT. In
both alternatives the breaker failure function must be connected to inhibit the
function. START makes a first attempt with synchrocheck, STARTHS makes
its first attempt without synchrocheck. TRSOTF starts shots 2-5.
Circuit breaker checks that the breaker was closed for a certain length of time
before the starting occurred and that the CB has sufficient stored energy to
perform an auto-reclosing sequence and is connected to inputs CBPOS and
CBREADY.
571
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Operation:On
Operation:Off
Operation:External Ctrl
AND
ON
AND
OFF
START
STARTHS
OR
OR
CBREADY
CBPOS
initiate
OR
autoInitiate
TRSOTF
SETON
AND S
OR
Additional conditions
AND
start
120 ms
t
CB Closed
AND
AND S
AND
tCBClosedMin
R
t
AND
Blocking conditions
OR
AND
READY
Inhibit condistions
count 0
en05000782.vsd
IEC05000782 V1 EN
Figure 314:
12.2.2.5
12.2.2.6
572
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Extended t1
PLCLOST
initiate
AND
OR
AND
AND
Extend t1
tTrip
t
start
AND
AND
long duration
(block SMBRREC)
IEC05000783_2_en.vsd
IEC05000783 V2 EN
Figure 315:
Control of extended auto-reclosing open time and long trip pulse detection
When dead time has elapsed during the auto-reclosing procedure certain conditions
must be fulfilled before the CB closing command is issued. To achieve this, signals
are exchanged between program modules to check that these conditions are met. In
three-phase reclosing a synchronizing and/or energizing check can be used. It is
possible to use a synchrocheck function in the same physical device or an external
one. The release signal is configured by connecting to the auto-reclosing function
input SYNC. If reclosing without checking is preferred the SYNC input can be set
to TRUE (set high). Another possibility is to set the output of the synchro-check
function to a permanently activated state. At confirmation from the synchro-check,
or if the reclosing is of single-phase or two-phase type, the signal passes on. At singlephase, two-phase reclosing and at three-phase high-speed reclosing started by
STARTHS, synchronization is not checked, and the state of the SYNC input is
disregarded.
By choosing CBReadyType = CO (CB ready for a Close-Open sequence) the
readiness of the circuit breaker is also checked before issuing the CB closing
command. If the CB has a readiness contact of type CBReadyType = OCO (CB
ready for an Open-Close-Open sequence) this condition may not be complied with
after the tripping and at the moment of reclosure. The Open-Close-Open condition
was however checked at the start of the reclosing cycle and it is then likely that the
CB is prepared for a Close-Open sequence.
573
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
The synchro-check or energizing check must be fulfilled within a set time interval,
tSync. If it is not, or if other conditions are not met, the reclosing is interrupted and
blocked.
The reclaim timer defines a time from the issue of the reclosing command, after
which the reclosing function resets. Should a new trip occur during this time, it is
treated as a continuation of the first fault. The reclaim timer is started when the CB
closing command is given.
A number of outputs for Autoreclosing state control keeps track of the actual state
in the reclosing sequence.
574
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
t1 1Ph
t
1P2PTO
3PHSTO
3PT1TO
3PT2TO
3PT3TO
3PT4TO
3PT5TO
SYNC
initiate
CBREADY
OR
t1 2Ph
t
1P2PTO
OR
t1 3Ph HS
t
3PHSTO
t1 3Ph
t
3PT1TO
AND
OR
Pulse AR
AND
AND
AND
OR
SMRREC State
Control
tSync
t
AND
Blocking out
COUNTER
CL
LOGIC
reclosing
programs
TR2P
TR3P
start
initiate
AND
tReclaim
t
Reclaim Timer On
0
1
2
3
4
5
1PT1
2PT1
3PHS
3PT1
Shot 0
Shot 1
Shot 2
Shot 3
Shot 4
Shot 5
Shot 0
Shot 1
Shot 2
Shot 3
Shot 4
Shot 5
INPROGR
OR
3PT2
3PT3
3PT4
PERMIT1P
3PT5
PREP3P
1
Blocking out
OR
INHIBIT
tInhibit
t
Inhibit (internal)
IEC05000784_2_en.vsd
IEC05000784 V2 EN
Figure 316:
Section 12
Control
CutPulse=On. In case of a new trip pulse, the closing command pulse is cut
(interrupted). The minimum duration of the pulse is always 50 ms. See figure 317
When a reclosing command is issued, the appropriate reclosing operation counter is
incremented. There is a counter for each type of reclosing and one for the total
number of reclosing commands issued.
pulse
tPulse
**)
initiate
AND
CLOSECB
OR
50 ms
1PT1
AND
2PT1
AND
3PT1
AND
3PT2
AND
3PT3
AND
3PT4
AND
3PT5
AND
RSTCOUNT
counter
COUNT1P
counter
COUNT2P
counter
COUNT3P1
counter
COUNT3P2
counter
COUNT3P3
counter
COUNT3P4
counter
COUNT3P5
counter
COUNTAR
Figure 317:
Transient fault
After the reclosing command the reclaim timer tReclaim starts running for the set
time. If no tripping occurs within this time, the auto-reclosing will reset.
If a new trip occurs after the CB closing command, and a new input signal START
or TRSOTF appears, the output UNSUCCL (unsuccessful closing) is set high. The
timers for the first shot can no longer be started. Depending on the setting for the
number of reclosing shots, further shots may be made or the reclosing sequence
576
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
will be ended. After the reclaim time has elapsed, the auto-reclosing function resets
but the CB remains open. The CB closed data at the CBPOS input will be missing.
Because of this, the reclosing function will not be ready for a new reclosing cycle.
Normally the signal UNSUCCL appears when a new trip and start is received after
the last reclosing shot has been made and the auto-reclosing function is blocked.
The signal resets once the reclaim time has elapsed. The unsuccessful signal can
also be made to depend on CB position input. The parameter UnsucClByCBChk
should then be set to CBCheck, and a timer tUnsucCl should also be set. If the CB
does not respond to the closing command and does not close, but remains open, the
output UNSUCCL is set high after time tUnsucCl.
initiate
block start
AND
OR
AND
shot 0
UNSUCCL
UnsucClByCBchk = CBcheck
Pulse AR (Closing)
CBPOS
OR
CBclosed
tUnsucCl
AND
AND
eno5000786.vsd
IEC05000786 V1 EN
Figure 318:
577
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
tAutoContWait
t
AND
CLOSECB
AND
S Q
R
AND
CBPOS
CBClosed
OR
START
OR
initiate
en05000787.vsd
IEC05000787 V1 EN
Figure 319:
578
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
StartByCBOpen = On
1
START
AND
STARTHS
AND
100 ms
start
AND
100 ms
AND
en05000788.vsd
IEC05000788 V1 EN
Figure 320:
12.2.2.7
Closed
Open
Closed
CB READY
START
SYNC
(Trip)
tReclaim
READY
INPROG
1PT1
ACTIVE
CLOSE CB
t1 1Ph
tPulse
PREP3P
SUCCL
Time
en04000196-2-en.vsd
IEC04000196 V2 EN
Figure 321:
579
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Fault
CB POS
Closed
Open
START
Open
CB READY
(Trip)
TR3P
SYNC
READY
INPROGR
3PT1
t1 3Ph
3PT2
t2 3Ph
tReclaim
ACTIVE
CLOSE CB
tPulse
tPulse
PREP3P
UNSUCCL
Time
en04000197.vsd
IEC04000197 V1 EN
Figure 322:
580
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Fault
AR01-CBCLOSED
AR01-CBREADY(CO)
AR01-START
AR01-TR3P
AR01-SYNC
AR01-READY
AR01-INPROGR
AR01-1PT1
AR01-T1
AR01-T2
t1s
AR01-CLOSECB
AR01-P3P
AR01-UNSUC
tReclaim
en04000198.vsd
IEC04000198 V1 EN
Figure 323:
Fault
AR01-CBCLOSED
AR01-CBREADY(CO)
AR01-START
AR01-TR3P
AR01-SYNC
AR01-READY
AR01-INPROGR
AR01-1PT1
AR01-T1
AR01-T2
AR01-CLOSECB
t1s
t2
AR01-P3P
AR01-UNSUC
tReclaim
en04000199.vsd
IEC04000199 V1 EN
Figure 324:
Section 12
Control
12.2.3
Function block
SMBRREC
ON
BLOCKED
OFF
SETON
BLKON
READY
BLKOFF
ACTIVE
RESET
SUCCL
INHIBIT
UNSUCCL
START
INPROGR
STARTHS
1PT1
TRSOTF
2PT1
SKIPHS
3PT1
ZONESTEP
3PT2
TR2P
3PT3
TR3P
3PT4
THOLHOLD
3PT5
CBREADY
PERMIT1P
CBPOS
PREP3P
PLCLOST
CLOSECB
SYNC
WFMASTER
WAIT
COUNT1P
RSTCOUNT
COUNT2P
MODEINT
COUNT3P1
COUNT3P2
COUNT3P3
COUNT3P4
COUNT3P5
COUNTAR
MODE
IEC06000189-2-en.vsd
IEC06000189 V2 EN
Figure 325:
12.2.4
Default
Description
ON
BOOLEAN
OFF
BOOLEAN
BLKON
BOOLEAN
BLKOFF
BOOLEAN
RESET
BOOLEAN
INHIBIT
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
STARTHS
BOOLEAN
TRSOTF
BOOLEAN
SKIPHS
BOOLEAN
ZONESTEP
BOOLEAN
TR2P
BOOLEAN
TR3P
BOOLEAN
582
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Name
Type
Default
Description
THOLHOLD
BOOLEAN
CBREADY
BOOLEAN
CBPOS
BOOLEAN
PLCLOST
BOOLEAN
SYNC
BOOLEAN
WAIT
BOOLEAN
RSTCOUNT
BOOLEAN
MODEINT
INTEGER
Table 321:
Name
Description
BLOCKED
BOOLEAN
SETON
BOOLEAN
READY
BOOLEAN
ACTIVE
BOOLEAN
SUCCL
BOOLEAN
UNSUCCL
BOOLEAN
INPROGR
BOOLEAN
1PT1
BOOLEAN
2PT1
BOOLEAN
3PT1
BOOLEAN
3PT2
BOOLEAN
3PT3
BOOLEAN
3PT4
BOOLEAN
3PT5
BOOLEAN
PERMIT1P
BOOLEAN
PREP3P
BOOLEAN
CLOSECB
BOOLEAN
WFMASTER
BOOLEAN
COUNT1P
INTEGER
COUNT2P
INTEGER
COUNT3P1
INTEGER
583
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Name
12.2.5
Table 322:
Name
Type
Description
COUNT3P2
INTEGER
COUNT3P3
INTEGER
COUNT3P4
INTEGER
COUNT3P5
INTEGER
COUNTAR
INTEGER
MODE
INTEGER
Setting parameters
SMBRREC Group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
External ctrl
On
External ctrl
Off, ExternalCtrl, On
ARMode
3 phase
1/2/3ph
1/2ph
1ph+1*2ph
1/2ph+1*3ph
1ph+1*2/3ph
1/2/3ph
t1 1Ph
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
1.000
t1 3Ph
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
6.000
t1 3PhHS
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.400
tReclaim
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
60.00
tSync
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
30.00
tTrip
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.200
tPulse
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.200
tCBClosedMin
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
5.00
tUnsucCl
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
30.00
Priority
None
Low
High
None
tWaitForMaster
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
60.00
584
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Table 323:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
NoOfShots
1
2
3
4
5
StartByCBOpen
Off
On
Off
To be set ON if AR is to be started by
CB open position
CBAuxContType
NormClosed
NormOpen
NormOpen
CBReadyType
CO
OCO
CO
t1 2Ph
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
1.000
t2 3Ph
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
30.00
t3 3Ph
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
30.00
t4 3Ph
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
30.00
t5 3Ph
0.00 - 6000.00
0.01
30.00
Extended t1
Off
On
Off
tExtended t1
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.500
tInhibit
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
5.000
CutPulse
Off
On
Off
Follow CB
Off
On
Off
AutoCont
Off
On
Off
tAutoContWait
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
2.000
UnsucClByCBChk
NoCBCheck
CB check
NoCBCheck
BlockByUnsucCl
Off
On
Off
ZoneSeqCoord
Off
On
Off
585
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.2.6
Technical data
Table 324:
Function
Number of autoreclosing shots
Autoreclosing open time:
shot 1 - t1 1Ph
shot 1 - t1 2Ph
shot 1 - t1 3PhHS
shot 1 - t1 3PhDld
Range or value
1-5
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
shot 2 - t2
shot 3 - t3
shot 4 - t4
shot 5 - t5
(0.00-6000.00) s
(0.000-60.000) s
(0.00-6000.00) s
(0.000-60.000) s
(0.000-60.000) s
Reclaim time
(0.00-6000.00) s
(0.00-6000.00) s
(0.000-60.000) s
(0.00-6000.00) s
(0.00-6000.00) s
(0.000-60.000) s
12.3
12.3.1
Introduction
Accuracy
The apparatus control functions are used for control and supervision of circuit
breakers, disconnectors and earthing switches within a bay. Permission to operate
is given after evaluation of conditions from other functions such as interlocking,
synchrocheck, operator place selection and external or internal blockings.
In normal security, the command is processed and the resulting position is not
supervised. However with enhanced security, the command is processed and the
resulting position is supervised.
12.3.2
Principle of operation
A bay can handle, for example a power line, a transformer, a reactor, or a capacitor
bank. The different primary apparatuses within the bay can be controlled via the
586
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
The three latter functions are logical nodes according to IEC 61850. The functions
Local Remote (LOCREM) and Local Remote Control (LOCREMCTRL), to handle
the local/remote switch, and the functions Bay reserve (QCRSV) and Reservation
input (RESIN), for the reservation function, also belong to the apparatus control
function. The principles of operation, function block, input and output signals and
setting parameters for all these functions are described below.
12.3.3
Error handling
Depending on the error that occurs during the command sequence the error signal
will be set with a value. Table 325 describes vendor specific cause values in
addition to these specified in IEC 61850-8-1 standard. The list of values of the
cause are in order of priority. The values are available over the IEC 61850. An
output L_CAUSE on the function block for Switch controller (SCSWI), Circuit
breaker (SXCBR) and Circuit switch (SXSWI) indicates the latest value of the
error during the command.
587
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Table 325:
Description
Supported
no error
serviceError-type
blocked-by-switchinghierarchy
select-failed
invalid-position
position-reached
parameter-change-inexecution
step-limit
blocked-by-mode
blocked-by-process
10
blocked-by-interlocking
11
blocked-bysynchrocheck
12
command-already-inexecution
13
blocked-by-health
14
1-of-n-control
15
abortion-by-cancel
16
time-limit-over
17
abortion-by-trip
18
object-not-selected
19
Not in use
588
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Attribute value
Description
-20
Not in use
-21
Not in use
-23
blocked-for-command
-24
blocked-for-opencommand
-25
blocked-for-closecommand
-26
Not in use
-27
Not in use
-28
Not in use
-29
Not in use
-30
long-operation-time
-31
switch-not-start-moving
-32
persisting-intermediatestate
-33
switch-returned-to-initialposition
-34
switch-in-bad-state
-35
not-expected-finalposition
Vendor specific
12.3.4
12.3.4.1
Introduction
Supported
The Bay control QCBAY function is used together with Local remote and local
remote control functions to handle the selection of the operator place per bay.
QCBAY also provides blocking functions that can be distributed to different
apparatuses within the bay.
12.3.4.2
Principle of operation
The functionality of the Bay control (QCBAY) function is not defined in the IEC
6185081 standard, which means that the function is a vendor specific logical node.
The function sends information about the Permitted Source To Operate (PSTO)
and blocking conditions to other functions within the bay for example, switch
control functions, voltage control functions and measurement functions.
The local panel switch is a switch that defines the operator place selection. The
switch connected to this function can have three positions remote/local/off. The
positions are here defined so that remote means that operation is allowed from station/
remote level and local from the IED level. The local/remote switch is normally
589
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
situated on the control/protection IED itself, which means that the position of the
switch and its validity information are connected internally, and not via I/O boards.
When the switch is mounted separately on the IED the signals are connected to the
function via I/O boards.
When the local panel switch is in Off position all commands from remote and local
level will be ignored. If the position for the local/remote switch is not valid the
PSTO output will always be set to faulty state (3), which means no possibility to
operate.
To adapt the signals from the local HMI or from an external local/remote switch,
the function blocks LOCREM and LOCREMCTRL are needed and connected to
QCBAY.
The actual state of the operator place is presented by the value of the Permitted
Source To Operate, PSTO signal. The PSTO value is evaluated from the local/
remote switch position according to table 326. In addition, there is one
configuration parameter that affects the value of the PSTO signal. If the parameter
AllPSTOValid is set and LR-switch position is in Local or Remote state, the PSTO
value is set to 5 (all), that is, it is permitted to operate from both local and remote
level without any priority. When the external panel switch is in Off position the
PSTO value shows the actual state of switch that is, 0. In this case it is not possible
to control anything.
Table 326:
Local panel switch
positions
AllPSTOValid
(configuration
parameter)
0 = Off
--
1 = Local
FALSE
Local Panel
1 = Local
TRUE
2 = Remote
FALSE
Remote level
2 = Remote
TRUE
3 = Faulty
--
Blockings
The blocking states for position indications and commands are intended to provide
the possibility for the user to make common blockings for the functions configured
within a complete bay.
The blocking facilities provided by the bay control function are the following:
590
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Blocking of position indications, BL_UPD. This input will block all inputs
related to apparatus positions for all configured functions within the bay.
Blocking of commands, BL_CMD. This input will block all commands for all
configured functions within the bay.
Blocking of function, BLOCK, signal from DO (Data Object) Behavior (IEC
6185081). If DO Behavior is set to "blocked" it means that the function is
active, but no outputs are generated, no reporting, control commands are
rejected and functional and configuration data is visible.
The switching of the Local/Remote switch requires at least system operator level.
The password will be requested at an attempt to operate if authority levels have
been defined in the IED. Otherwise the default authority level, SuperUser, can
handle the control without LogOn. The users and passwords are defined in PCM600.
12.3.4.3
Function block
QCBAY
LR_OFF
LR_LOC
LR_REM
LR_VALID
BL_UPD
BL_CMD
PSTO
UPD_BLKD
CMD_BLKD
LOC
REM
IEC10000048-1-en.vsd
IEC10000048 V1 EN
Figure 326:
12.3.4.4
Default
Description
LR_OFF
BOOLEAN
LR_LOC
BOOLEAN
LR_REM
BOOLEAN
LR_VALID
BOOLEAN
BL_UPD
BOOLEAN
BL_CMD
BOOLEAN
Table 328:
Name
Description
PSTO
INTEGER
UPD_BLKD
BOOLEAN
CMD_BLKD
BOOLEAN
LOC
BOOLEAN
REM
BOOLEAN
591
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.3.4.5
Table 329:
Name
AllPSTOValid
Setting parameters
QCBAY Non group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Priority
No priority
Unit
-
Step
-
12.3.5
Local/Remote switch
12.3.5.1
Introduction
Default
Priority
Description
Priority of originators
The signals from the local HMI or from an external local/remote switch are applied
via the function blocks LOCREM and LOCREMCTRL to the Bay control
(QCBAY) function block. A parameter in function block LOCREM is set to
choose if the switch signals are coming from the local HMI or from an external
hardware switch connected via binary inputs.
12.3.5.2
Principle of operation
The function block Local remote (LOCREM) handles the signals coming from the
local/remote switch. The connections are seen in figure 327, where the inputs on
function block LOCREM are connected to binary inputs if an external switch is
used. When a local HMI is used, the inputs are not used and are set to FALSE in
the configuration. The outputs from the LOCREM function block control the
output PSTO (Permitted Source To Operate) on Bay control (QCBAY).
592
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
LOCREM
CTRLOFF
OFF
LOCCTRL
LOCAL
REMCTRL
REMOTE
LHMICTRL
VALID
QCBAY
LR_ OFF
PSTO
LR_ LOC UPD_ BLKD
LR_ REM CMD_ BLKD
LOC
LR_ VALID
REM
BL_ UPD
BL_ CMD
LOCREM
CTRLOFF
OFF
LOCCTRL
LOCAL
REMCTRL
REMOTE
LHMICTRL
VALID
QCBAY
LR_ OFF
PSTO
LR_ LOC UPD_ BLKD
LR_ REM CMD_ BLKD
LOC
LR_ VALID
REM
BL_ UPD
BL_ CMD
LOCREMCTRL
PSTO1
HMICTR1
PSTO2
HMICTR2
PSTO3
HMICTR3
PSTO4
HMICTR4
PSTO5
HMICTR5
PSTO6
HMICTR6
PSTO7
HMICTR7
PSTO8
HMICTR8
PSTO9
HMICTR9
PSTO 10
HMICTR 10
PSTO 11
HMICTR 11
PSTO 12
HMICTR 12
IEC10000052-1-en.vsd
IEC10000052 V1 EN
Figure 327:
Configuration for the local/remote handling for a local HMI with two
bays and two screen pages
If the IED contains control functions for several bays, the local/remote position can
be different for the included bays. When the local HMI is used the position of the
local/remote switch can be different depending on which single line diagram screen
page that is presented on the local HMI. The function block Local remote control
(LOCREMCTRL) controls the presentation of the LEDs for the local/remote
position to applicable bay and screen page.
The switching of the local/remote switch requires at least system operator level.
The password will be requested at an attempt to operate if authority levels have
been defined in the IED. Otherwise the default authority level, SuperUser, can
handle the control without LogOn. The users and passwords are defined in PCM600.
593
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.3.5.3
Function block
LOCREM
CTRLOFF
LOCCTRL
REMCTRL
LHMICTRL
OFF
LOCAL
REMOTE
VALID
IEC05000360-2-en.vsd
IEC05000360 V2 EN
Figure 328:
PSTO1
PSTO2
PSTO3
PSTO4
PSTO5
PSTO6
PSTO7
PSTO8
PSTO9
PSTO10
PSTO11
PSTO12
LOCREMCTRL
HMICTR1
HMICTR2
HMICTR3
HMICTR4
HMICTR5
HMICTR6
HMICTR7
HMICTR8
HMICTR9
HMICTR10
HMICTR11
HMICTR12
IEC05000361-2-en.vsd
IEC05000361 V2 EN
Figure 329:
12.3.5.4
Default
Description
CTRLOFF
BOOLEAN
Disable control
LOCCTRL
BOOLEAN
Local in control
REMCTRL
BOOLEAN
Remote in control
LHMICTRL
INTEGER
LHMI control
Table 331:
Name
Description
OFF
BOOLEAN
Control is disabled
LOCAL
BOOLEAN
REMOTE
BOOLEAN
VALID
BOOLEAN
594
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Table 332:
Name
Type
INTEGER
PSTO2
INTEGER
PSTO3
INTEGER
PSTO4
INTEGER
PSTO5
INTEGER
PSTO6
INTEGER
PSTO7
INTEGER
PSTO8
INTEGER
PSTO9
INTEGER
PSTO10
INTEGER
PSTO11
INTEGER
PSTO12
INTEGER
Name
Table 334:
Description
PSTO1
Table 333:
12.3.5.5
Default
Type
Description
HMICTR1
INTEGER
HMICTR2
INTEGER
HMICTR3
INTEGER
HMICTR4
INTEGER
HMICTR5
INTEGER
HMICTR6
INTEGER
HMICTR7
INTEGER
HMICTR8
INTEGER
HMICTR9
INTEGER
HMICTR10
INTEGER
HMICTR11
INTEGER
HMICTR12
INTEGER
Setting parameters
LOCREM Non group settings (basic)
Name
ControlMode
12.3.6
Values (Range)
Internal LR-switch
External LR-switch
Unit
-
Step
-
Default
Internal LR-switch
Description
Control mode for internal/external LRswitch
595
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.3.6.1
Introduction
The Switch controller (SCSWI) initializes and supervises all functions to properly
select and operate switching primary apparatuses. The Switch controller may
handle and operate on one three-phase device.
12.3.6.2
Principle of operation
The Switch controller (SCSWI) is provided with verification checks for the select execute sequence, that is, checks the conditions prior each step of the operation.
The involved functions for these condition verifications are interlocking,
reservation, blockings and synchrocheck.
Control handling
Two types of control models can be used. The two control models are "direct with
normal security" and "SBO (Select-Before-Operate) with enhanced security". The
parameter CtlModel defines which one of the two control models is used. The
control model "direct with normal security" does not require a select whereas, the
"SBO with enhanced security" command model requires a select before execution.
Normal security means that only the command is evaluated and the resulting
position is not supervised. Enhanced security means that the command sequence is
supervised in three steps, the selection, command evaluation and the supervision of
position. Each step ends up with a pulsed signal to indicate that the respective step
in the command sequence is finished. If an error occurs in one of the steps in the
command sequence, the sequence is terminated and the error is mapped into the
enumerated variable "cause" attribute belonging to the pulsed response signal for
the IEC 61850 communication. The last cause L_CAUSE can be read from the
function block and used for example at commissioning.
There is no relation between the command direction and the actual
position. For example, if the switch is in close position it is possible
to execute a close command.
Before an execution command, an evaluation of the position is done. If the
parameter PosDependent is true and the position is in intermediate state or in bad
state no execution command is sent. If the parameter is false the execution
command is sent independent of the position value.
Evaluation of position
In the case when there are three one-phase switches connected to the switch control
function, the switch control will "merge" the position of the three switches to the
resulting three-phase position. In the case when the position differ between the onephase switches, following principles will be applied:
596
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
The time stamp of the output three-phase position from switch control will have the
time stamp of the last changed phase when it goes to end position. When it goes to
intermediate position or bad state, it will get the time stamp of the first changed phase.
In addition, there is also the possibility that one of the one-phase switches will
change position at any time due to a trip. Such situation is here called pole
discordance and is supervised by this function. In case of a pole discordance
situation, that is, the position of the one-phase switches are not equal for a time
longer than the setting tPoleDiscord, an error signal POLEDISC will be set.
In the supervision phase, the switch controller function evaluates the "cause"
values from the switch modules Circuit breaker (SXCBR)/ Circuit switch
(SXSWI). At error the "cause" value with highest priority is shown.
Blocking principles
The blocking signals are normally coming from the bay control function (QCBAY)
and via the IEC 61850 communication from the operator place.
The different blocking possibilities are:
The Switch controller (SCSWI) works in conjunction with the synchrocheck and
the synchronizing function (SESRSYN). It is assumed that the synchrocheck
597
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
function is continuously in operation and gives the result to SCSWI. The result
from the synchrocheck function is evaluated during the close execution. If the
operator performs an override of the synchrocheck, the evaluation of the
synchrocheck state is omitted. When there is a positive confirmation from the
synchrocheck function, SCSWI will send the close signal EXE_CL to the switch
function Circuit breaker (SXCBR).
When there is no positive confirmation from the synchrocheck function, SCSWI
will send a start signal START_SY to the synchronizing function, which will send
the closing command to SXCBR when the synchronizing conditions are fulfilled,
see figure 330. If no synchronizing function is included, the timer for supervision
of the "synchronizing in progress signal" is set to 0, which means no start of the
synchronizing function. SCSWI will then set the attribute "blocked-bysynchrocheck" in the "cause" signal. See also the time diagram in figure 334.
SCSWI
EXE_CL
SXCBR
OR
CLOSE
SYNC_OK
START_SY
SY_INPRO
SESRSYN
CLOSECB
Synchro
check
Synchronizing
function
IEC09000209_1_en.vsd
IEC09000209 V1 EN
Figure 330:
Time diagrams
The Switch controller (SCSWI) function has timers for evaluating different time
supervision conditions. These timers are explained here.
The timer tSelect is used for supervising the time between the select and the
execute command signal, that is, the time the operator has to perform the command
execution after the selection of the object to operate.
598
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
select
execute command
tSelect
timer
t1
IEC05000092 V1 EN
Figure 331:
tSelect
The parameter tResResponse is used to set the maximum allowed time to make the
reservation, that is, the time between reservation request and the feedback
reservation granted from all bays involved in the reservation function.
select
reservation request RES_RQ
reservation granted RES_GRT
command termination
tResResponse
timer
t1
t1>tResResponse, then
1-of-n-control in 'cause'
is set
en05000093.vsd
IEC05000093 V1 EN
Figure 332:
tResResponse
The timer tExecutionFB supervises the time between the execute command and the
command termination, see figure 333.
599
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
execute command
position L1 open
close
position L2 open
close
position L3 open
close
cmd termination L1
cmd termination L2
cmd termination L3
cmd termination
position
open
close
tExecutionFB
timer
t1>tExecutionFB, then
long-operation-time in
'cause' is set
t1
Figure 333:
tExecutionFB
The parameter tSynchrocheck is used to define the maximum allowed time between
the execute command and the input SYNC_OK to become true. If SYNC_OK=true
at the time the execute command signal is received, the timer "tSynchrocheck" will
not start. The start signal for the synchronizing is obtained if the synchrocheck
conditions are not fulfilled.
execute command
SYNC_OK
tSynchrocheck
START_SY
t1
SY_INPRO
tSynchronizing
t2
t2>tSynchronizing, then
blocked-by-synchrocheck in
'cause' is set
en05000095.vsd
IEC05000095 V1 EN
Figure 334:
600
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.3.6.3
Function block
SCSWI
BLOCK
PSTO
L_SEL
L_OPEN
L_CLOSE
AU_OPEN
AU_CLOSE
BL_CMD
RES_GRT
RES_EXT
SY_INPRO
SYNC_OK
EN_OPEN
EN_CLOSE
XPOS1
XPOS2
XPOS3
EXE_OP
EXE_CL
SELECTED
RES_RQ
START_SY
POSITION
OPENPOS
CLOSEPOS
POLEDISC
CMD_BLK
L_CAUSE
XOUT
POS_INTR
IEC05000337-2-en.vsd
IEC05000337 V2 EN
Figure 335:
12.3.6.4
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
PSTO
INTEGER
L_SEL
BOOLEAN
L_OPEN
BOOLEAN
L_CLOSE
BOOLEAN
AU_OPEN
BOOLEAN
AU_CLOSE
BOOLEAN
BL_CMD
BOOLEAN
RES_GRT
BOOLEAN
RES_EXT
BOOLEAN
SY_INPRO
BOOLEAN
SYNC_OK
BOOLEAN
EN_OPEN
BOOLEAN
EN_CLOSE
BOOLEAN
XPOS1
GROUP
SIGNAL
XPOS2
GROUP
SIGNAL
XPOS3
GROUP
SIGNAL
601
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Table 336:
Name
12.3.6.5
Table 337:
Name
Type
Description
EXE_OP
BOOLEAN
EXE_CL
BOOLEAN
SELECTED
BOOLEAN
RES_RQ
BOOLEAN
START_SY
BOOLEAN
POSITION
INTEGER
Position indication
OPENPOS
BOOLEAN
CLOSEPOS
BOOLEAN
POLEDISC
BOOLEAN
CMD_BLK
BOOLEAN
L_CAUSE
INTEGER
XOUT
BOOLEAN
POS_INTR
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
SCSWI Non group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
CtlModel
Dir Norm
SBO Enh
SBO Enh
PosDependent
Always permitted
Not perm at 00/11
Always permitted
tSelect
0.00 - 600.00
0.01
30.00
tResResponse
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
5.000
tSynchrocheck
0.00 - 600.00
0.01
10.00
tSynchronizing
0.00 - 600.00
0.01
0.00
tExecutionFB
0.00 - 600.00
0.01
30.00
tPoleDiscord
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
2.000
12.3.7
602
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.3.7.1
Introduction
The purpose of Circuit breaker (SXCBR) is to provide the actual status of positions
and to perform the control operations, that is, pass all the commands to primary
apparatuses in the form of circuit breakers via output boards and to supervise the
switching operation and position.
12.3.7.2
Principle of operation
The users of the Circuit breaker function (SXCBR) is other functions such as for
example, switch controller, protection functions, autorecloser function or an IEC
61850 client residing in another IED or the operator place. This switch function
executes commands, evaluates block conditions and evaluates different time
supervision conditions. Only if all conditions indicate a switch operation to be
allowed, the function performs the execution command. In case of erroneous
conditions, the function indicates an appropriate "cause" value.
SXCBR has an operation counter for closing and opening commands. The counter
value can be read remotely from the operator place. The value is reset from a
binary input or remotely from the operator place by configuring a signal from the
Single Point Generic Control 8 signals (SPC8GGIO) for example.
Local/Remote switch
One binary input signal LR_SWI is included in SXCBR to indicate the local/
remote switch position from switchyard provided via the I/O board. If this signal is
set to TRUE it means that change of position is allowed only from switchyard
level. If the signal is set to FALSE it means that command from IED or higher
level is permitted. When the signal is set to TRUE all commands (for change of
position) from internal IED clients are rejected, even trip commands from
protection functions are rejected. The functionality of the local/remote switch is
described in figure 336.
From I/O
E
RU
Local= Operation at
switch yard level
switchLR
FAL
SE
Remote= Operation at
IED or higher level
en05000096.vsd
IEC05000096 V1 EN
Figure 336:
Local/Remote switch
Blocking principles
SXCBR includes several blocking principles. The basic principle for all blocking
signals is that they will affect commands from all other clients for example,
operators place, protection functions, autoreclosure and so on.
603
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Substitution
The substitution part in SXCBR is used for manual set of the position for the
switch. The typical use of substitution is that an operator enters a manual value
because that the real process value is erroneous for some reason. SXCBR will then
use the manually entered value instead of the value for positions determined by the
process.
It is always possible to make a substitution, independently of the
position indication and the status information of the I/O board.
When substitution is enabled, the position values are blocked for
updating and other signals related to the position are reset. The
substituted values are stored in a non-volatile memory.
Time diagrams
There are two timers for supervising of the execute phase, tStartMove and
tIntermediate. tStartMove supervises that the primary device starts moving after the
execute output pulse is sent. tIntermediate defines the maximum allowed time for
intermediate position. Figure 337 explains these two timers during the execute phase.
604
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
AdaptivePulse = TRUE
EXE_CL
Close pulse duration
OPENPOS
CLOSEPOS
tStartMove timer
t1
tStartMove
tIntermediate timer
t2
tIntermediate
en05000097.vsd
IEC05000097 V1 EN
Figure 337:
The timers tOpenPulse and tClosePulse are the length of the execute output pulses
to be sent to the primary equipment. Note that the output pulses for open and close
command can have different pulse lengths. The pulses can also be set to be
adaptive with the configuration parameter AdaptivePulse. Figure 338 shows the
principle of the execute output pulse. The AdaptivePulse parameter will have affect
on both execute output pulses.
OPENPOS
CLOSEPOS
AdaptivePulse=FALSE
EXE_CL
tClosePulse
AdaptivePulse=TRUE
EXE_CL
tClosePulse
en05000098.vsd
IEC05000098 V1 EN
Figure 338:
If the pulse is set to be adaptive, it is not possible for the pulse to exceed
tOpenPulse or tClosePulse.
The execute output pulses are reset when:
605
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
the new expected final position is reached and the configuration parameter
AdaptivePulse is set to true
the timer tOpenPulse or tClosePulse has elapsed
an error occurs due to the switch does not start moving, that is, tStartMove has
elapsed.
There is one exception from the first item above. If the primary device is in open
position and an open command is executed or if the primary device is in closed
position and a close command is executed. In these cases, with the additional
condition that the configuration parameter AdaptivePulse is true, the execute output
pulse is always activated and resets when tStartMove has elapsed. If the
configuration parameter AdaptivePulse is set to false the execution output remains
active until the pulse duration timer has elapsed.
If the start position indicates bad state (OPENPOS=1 and
CLOSEPOS =1) when a command is executed the execute output
pulse resets only when timer tOpenPulse or tClosePulse has elapsed.
An example of when a primary device is open and an open command is executed is
shown in figure 339 .
OPENPOS
CLOSEPOS
AdaptivePulse=FALSE
EXE_OP
tOpenPulse
AdaptivePulse=TRUE
EXE_OP
tOpenPulse
tStartMove timer
en05000099.vsd
IEC05000099 V1 EN
Figure 339:
606
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.3.7.3
Function block
SXCBR
BLOCK
LR_SWI
OPEN
CLOSE
BL_OPEN
BL_CLOSE
BL_UPD
POSOPEN
POSCLOSE
TR_OPEN
TR_CLOSE
RS_CNT
XIN
XPOS
EXE_OP
EXE_CL
SUBSTED
OP_BLKD
CL_BLKD
UPD_BLKD
POSITION
OPENPOS
CLOSEPOS
TR_POS
CNT_VAL
L_CAUSE
IEC05000338-2-en.vsd
IEC05000338 V2 EN
Figure 340:
12.3.7.4
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
LR_SWI
BOOLEAN
OPEN
BOOLEAN
CLOSE
BOOLEAN
BL_OPEN
BOOLEAN
BL_CLOSE
BOOLEAN
BL_UPD
BOOLEAN
POSOPEN
BOOLEAN
POSCLOSE
BOOLEAN
TR_OPEN
BOOLEAN
TR_CLOSE
BOOLEAN
RS_CNT
BOOLEAN
XIN
BOOLEAN
Table 339:
Name
Description
XPOS
GROUP SIGNAL
EXE_OP
BOOLEAN
EXE_CL
BOOLEAN
SUBSTED
BOOLEAN
OP_BLKD
BOOLEAN
CL_BLKD
BOOLEAN
Section 12
Control
Name
12.3.7.5
Table 340:
Name
Type
Description
UPD_BLKD
BOOLEAN
POSITION
INTEGER
OPENPOS
BOOLEAN
CLOSEPOS
BOOLEAN
TR_POS
INTEGER
CNT_VAL
INTEGER
L_CAUSE
INTEGER
Setting parameters
SXCBR Non group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
tStartMove
0.000 - 60.000
Step
0.001
0.100
tIntermediate
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.150
AdaptivePulse
Not adaptive
Adaptive
Not adaptive
tOpenPulse
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.200
tClosePulse
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.200
SuppressMidPos
Off
On
On
12.3.8
12.3.8.1
Introduction
Default
Description
The purpose of Circuit switch (SXSWI) function is to provide the actual status of
positions and to perform the control operations, that is, pass all the commands to
primary apparatuses in the form of disconnectors or earthing switches via output
boards and to supervise the switching operation and position.
12.3.8.2
Principle of operation
The users of the Circuit switch (SXSWI) is other functions such as for example,
switch controller, protection functions, autorecloser function, or a 61850 client
residing in another IED or the operator place. SXSWI executes commands,
evaluates block conditions and evaluates different time supervision conditions.
Only if all conditions indicate a switch operation to be allowed, SXSWI performs
the execution command. In case of erroneous conditions, the function indicates an
appropriate "cause" value.
608
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
SXSWI has an operation counter for closing and opening commands. The counter
value can be read remotely from the operator place. The value is reset from a
binary input or remotely from the operator place by configuring a signal from the
Single Point Generic Control 8 signals (SPC8GGIO) for example.
Local/Remote switch
One binary input signal LR_SWI is included in SXSWI to indicate the local/remote
switch position from switchyard provided via the I/O board. If this signal is set to
TRUE it means that change of position is allowed only from switchyard level. If
the signal is set to FALSE it means that command from IED or higher level is
permitted. When the signal is set to TRUE all commands (for change of position)
from internal IED clients are rejected, even trip commands from protection
functions are rejected. The functionality of the local/remote switch is described in
figure 341.
From I/O
E
RU
Local= Operation at
switch yard level
switchLR
FAL
SE
Remote= Operation at
IED or higher level
en05000096.vsd
IEC05000096 V1 EN
Figure 341:
Local/Remote switch
Blocking principles
SXSWI includes several blocking principles. The basic principle for all blocking
signals is that they will affect commands from all other clients for example,
operators place, protection functions, autorecloser and so on.
The blocking possibilities are:
609
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Substitution
The substitution part in SXSWI is used for manual set of the position for the
switch. The typical use of substitution is that an operator enters a manual value
because the real process value is erroneous of some reason. SXSWI will then use
the manually entered value instead of the value for positions determined by the
process.
It is always possible to make a substitution, independently of the
position indication and the status information of the I/O board.
When substitution is enabled, the position values are blocked for
updating and other signals related to the position are reset. The
substituted values are stored in a non-volatile memory.
Time diagrams
There are two timers for supervising of the execute phase, tStartMove and
tIntermediate. tStartMove supervises that the primary device starts moving after the
execute output pulse is sent. tIntermediate defines the maximum allowed time for
intermediate position. Figure 342 explains these two timers during the execute phase.
AdaptivePulse = TRUE
EXE_CL
Close pulse duration
OPENPOS
CLOSEPOS
tStartMove timer
t1
tStartMove
tIntermediate timer
t2
tIntermediate
en05000097.vsd
IEC05000097 V1 EN
Figure 342:
The timers tOpenPulse and tClosePulse are the length of the execute output pulses
to be sent to the primary equipment. Note that the output pulses for open and close
command can have different pulse lengths. The pulses can also be set to be
adaptive with the configuration parameter AdaptivePulse. Figure 343 shows the
principle of the execute output pulse. The AdaptivePulse parameter will have affect
on both execute output pulses.
610
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
OPENPOS
CLOSEPOS
AdaptivePulse=FALSE
EXE_CL
tClosePulse
AdaptivePulse=TRUE
EXE_CL
tClosePulse
en05000098.vsd
IEC05000098 V1 EN
Figure 343:
If the pulse is set to be adaptive, it is not possible for the pulse to exceed
tOpenPulse or tClosePulse.
The execute output pulses are reset when:
If the start position indicates bad state (OPENPOS=1 and
CLOSEPOS =1) when a command is executed the execute output
pulse resets only when timer tOpenPulse or tClosePulse has elapsed.
the new expected final position is reached and the configuration parameter
AdaptivePulse is set to true
the timer tOpenPulse or tClosePulse has elapsed
an error occurs due to the switch does not start moving, that is, tStartMove has
elapsed.
There is one exception from the first item above. If the primary device is in open
position and an open command is executed or if the primary device is in close
position and a close command is executed. In these cases, with the additional
condition that the configuration parameter AdaptivePulse is true, the execute output
pulse is always activated and resets when tStartMove has elapsed. If the
configuration parameter AdaptivePulse is set to false the execution output remains
active until the pulse duration timer has elapsed.
An example when a primary device is open and an open command is executed is
shown in figure 344.
611
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
OPENPOS
CLOSEPOS
AdaptivePulse=FALSE
EXE_OP
tOpenPulse
AdaptivePulse=TRUE
EXE_OP
tOpenPulse
tStartMove timer
en05000099.vsd
IEC05000099 V1 EN
Figure 344:
12.3.8.3
Function block
SXSWI
BLOCK
LR_SWI
OPEN
CLOSE
BL_OPEN
BL_CLOSE
BL_UPD
POSOPEN
POSCLOSE
RS_CNT
XIN
XPOS
EXE_OP
EXE_CL
SUBSTED
OP_BLKD
CL_BLKD
UPD_BLKD
POSITION
OPENPOS
CLOSEPOS
CNT_VAL
L_CAUSE
IEC05000339-2-en.vsd
IEC05000339 V2 EN
Figure 345:
12.3.8.4
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
LR_SWI
BOOLEAN
OPEN
BOOLEAN
CLOSE
BOOLEAN
BL_OPEN
BOOLEAN
BL_CLOSE
BOOLEAN
BL_UPD
BOOLEAN
POSOPEN
BOOLEAN
Section 12
Control
Name
Type
RS_CNT
BOOLEAN
XIN
BOOLEAN
Name
Table 343:
Description
BOOLEAN
Table 342:
12.3.8.5
Default
POSCLOSE
Type
Description
XPOS
GROUP SIGNAL
EXE_OP
BOOLEAN
EXE_CL
BOOLEAN
SUBSTED
BOOLEAN
OP_BLKD
BOOLEAN
CL_BLKD
BOOLEAN
UPD_BLKD
BOOLEAN
POSITION
INTEGER
OPENPOS
BOOLEAN
CLOSEPOS
BOOLEAN
CNT_VAL
INTEGER
L_CAUSE
INTEGER
Setting parameters
SXSWI Non group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
tStartMove
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
3.000
tIntermediate
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
15.000
AdaptivePulse
Not adaptive
Adaptive
Not adaptive
tOpenPulse
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.200
tClosePulse
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.200
SwitchType
Load Break
Disconnector
Earthing Switch
HS Earthing Switch
Disconnector
1=LoadBreak,2=Disconnector,
3=EarthSw,4=HighSpeedEarthSw
SuppressMidPos
Off
On
On
12.3.9
Step
Default
Description
613
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.3.9.1
Introduction
The purpose of the reservation function is primarily to transfer interlocking
information between IEDs in a safe way and to prevent double operation in a bay,
switchyard part, or complete substation.
12.3.9.2
Principle of operation
The Bay reserve (QCRSV) function handles the reservation. QCRSV function
starts to operate in two ways. It starts when there is a request for reservation of the
own bay or if there is a request for reservation from another bay. It is only possible
to reserve the function if it is not currently reserved. The signal that can reserve the
own bay is the input signal RES_RQx (x=1-8) coming from switch controller
(SCWI). The signals for request from another bay are the outputs RE_RQ_B and
V_RE_RQ from function block RESIN. These signals are included in signal
EXCH_OUT from RESIN and are connected to RES_DATA in QCRSV.
The parameters ParamRequestx (x=1-8) are chosen at reservation of the own bay
only (TRUE) or other bays (FALSE). To reserve the own bay only means that no
reservation request RES_BAYS is created.
If the reservation request comes from the own bay, the function QCRSV has to
know which apparatus the request comes from. This information is available with
the input signal RES_RQx and parameter ParamRequestx (where x=1-8 is the
number of the requesting apparatus). In order to decide if a reservation request of
the current bay can be permitted QCRSV has to know whether the own bay already
is reserved by itself or another bay. This information is available in the output
signal RESERVED.
If the RESERVED output is not set, the selection is made with the output
RES_GRTx (where x=1-8 is the number of the requesting apparatus), which is
connected to switch controller SCSWI. If the bay already is reserved the command
sequence will be reset and the SCSWI will set the attribute "1-of-n-control" in the
"cause" signal.
When the function QCRSV receives a request from an apparatus in the own bay
that requires other bays to be reserved as well, it checks if it already is reserved. If
not, it will send a request to the other bays that are predefined (to be reserved) and
wait for their response (acknowledge). The request of reserving other bays is done
by activating the output RES_BAYS.
When it receives acknowledge from the bays via the input RES_DATA, it sets the
output RES_GRTx (where x=1-8 is the number of the requesting apparatus). If not
acknowledgement from all bays is received within a certain time defined in SCSWI
(tResResponse), the SCSWI will reset the reservation and set the attribute "1-of-ncontrol" in the "cause" signal.
614
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
When another bay requests for reservation, the input BAY_RES in corresponding
function block RESIN is activated. The signal for reservation request is grouped
into the output signal EXCH_OUT in RESIN, which is connected to input
RES_DATA in QCRSV. If the bay is not reserved, the bay will be reserved and the
acknowledgment from output ACK_T_B is sent back to the requested bay. If the
bay already is reserved the reservation is kept and no acknowledgment is sent.
If only one instance of QCRSV is used for a bay that is, use of up to eight
apparatuses, the input EXCH_IN must be set to FALSE.
If there are more than eight apparatuses in the bay there has to be one additional
QCRSV. The two QCRSV functions have to communicate and this is done through
the input EXCH_IN and EXCH_OUT according to figure 346. If more then one
QCRSV are used, the execution order is very important. The execution order must
be in the way that the first QCRSV has a lower number than the next one.
615
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
QCRSV
EXCH_IN
RES_GRT1
RES_RQ1 RES_GRT2
RES_RQ2 RES_GRT3
RES_RQ3 RES_GRT4
RES_RQ4 RES_GRT5
RES_RQ5 RES_GRT6
RES_RQ6 RES_GRT7
RES_RQ7 RES_GRT8
RES_RQ8 RES_BAYS
BLK_RES
ACK_TO_B
OVERRIDE RESERVED
RES_DATA EXCH_OUT
QCRSV
EXCH_IN
RES_GRT1
RES_RQ1 RES_GRT2
RES_RQ2 RES_GRT3
RES_RQ3 RES_GRT4
RES_RQ4 RES_GRT5
RES_RQ5 RES_GRT6
RES_RQ6 RES_GRT7
RES_RQ7 RES_GRT8
RES_RQ8 RES_BAYS
BLK_RES
ACK_TO_B
OVERRIDE RESERVED
RES_DATA EXCH_OUT
RES_BAYS
ACK_TO_B
RESERVED
IEC05000088_2_en.vsd
IEC05000088 V2 EN
Figure 346:
12.3.9.3
Function block
QCRSV
EXCH_IN
RES_RQ1
RES_RQ2
RES_RQ3
RES_RQ4
RES_RQ5
RES_RQ6
RES_RQ7
RES_RQ8
BLK_RES
OVERRIDE
RES_DATA
RES_GRT1
RES_GRT2
RES_GRT3
RES_GRT4
RES_GRT5
RES_GRT6
RES_GRT7
RES_GRT8
RES_BAYS
ACK_TO_B
RESERVED
EXCH_OUT
IEC05000340-2-en.vsd
IEC05000340 V2 EN
Figure 347:
616
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.3.9.4
Default
Description
EXCH_IN
INTEGER
RES_RQ1
BOOLEAN
RES_RQ2
BOOLEAN
RES_RQ3
BOOLEAN
RES_RQ4
BOOLEAN
RES_RQ5
BOOLEAN
RES_RQ6
BOOLEAN
RES_RQ7
BOOLEAN
RES_RQ8
BOOLEAN
BLK_RES
BOOLEAN
OVERRIDE
BOOLEAN
RES_DATA
INTEGER
Table 345:
Name
Description
RES_GRT1
BOOLEAN
RES_GRT2
BOOLEAN
RES_GRT3
BOOLEAN
RES_GRT4
BOOLEAN
RES_GRT5
BOOLEAN
RES_GRT6
BOOLEAN
RES_GRT7
BOOLEAN
RES_GRT8
BOOLEAN
RES_BAYS
BOOLEAN
ACK_TO_B
BOOLEAN
RESERVED
BOOLEAN
EXCH_OUT
INTEGER
617
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.3.9.5
Table 346:
Name
Setting parameters
QCRSV Non group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
tCancelRes
0.000 - 60.000
Step
0.001
Default
10.000
ParamRequest1
ParamRequest2
ParamRequest3
ParamRequest4
ParamRequest5
ParamRequest6
ParamRequest7
ParamRequest8
12.3.10
12.3.10.1
Introduction
Description
The Reservation input (RESIN) function receives the reservation information from
other bays. The number of instances is the same as the number of involved bays
(up to 60 instances are available).
12.3.10.2
Principle of operation
The reservation input (RESIN) function is based purely on Boolean logic
conditions. The logic diagram in figure 348 shows how the output signals are
created. The inputs of the function block are connected to a receive function block
representing signals transferred over the station bus from another bay.
618
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
EXCH_IN
INT
BIN
ACK_F_B
&
FutureUse
BAY_ACK
1
ANY_ACK
VALID_TX
&
BAY_VAL
1
RE_RQ_B
BAY_RES
&
V _RE_RQ
BIN
EXCH_OUT
INT
en05000089.vsd
IEC05000089 V1 EN
Figure 348:
Figure 349 describes the principle of the data exchange between all RESIN
modules in the current bay. There is one RESIN function block per "other bay"
used in the reservation mechanism. The output signal EXCH_OUT in the last
RESIN functions are connected to the module bay reserve (QCRSV) that handles
the reservation function in the own bay. The value to the input EXCH_IN on the
first RESIN module in the chain has the integer value 5. This is provided by the use
of instance number one of the function block RESIN, where the input EXCH_IN is
set to #5, but is hidden for the user.
619
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
RESIN
BAY_ACK ACK_F_B
BAY_VAL ANY_ACK
BAY_RES VALID_TX
RE_RQ_B
V_RE_RQ
EXCH_OUT
Bay 1
Bay 2
RESIN
EXCH_IN ACK_F_B
BAY_ACK ANY_ACK
BAY_VAL VALID_TX
BAY_RES RE_RQ_B
V_RE_RQ
EXCH_OUT
Bay n
RESIN
EXCH_IN ACK_F_B
BAY_ACK ANY_ACK
BAY_VAL VALID_TX
BAY_RES RE_RQ_B
V_RE_RQ
EXCH_OUT
QCRSV
RES_DATA
en05000090.vsd
IEC05000090 V2 EN
Figure 349:
12.3.10.3
Function block
RESIN1
BAY_ACK
BAY_VAL
BAY_RES
ACK_F_B
ANY_ACK
VALID_TX
RE_RQ_B
V_RE_RQ
EXCH_OUT
IEC05000341-2-en.vsd
IEC05000341 V2 EN
Figure 350:
RESIN2
EXCH_IN
BAY_ACK
BAY_VAL
BAY_RES
ACK_F_B
ANY_ACK
VALID_TX
RE_RQ_B
V_RE_RQ
EXCH_OUT
IEC09000807_1_en.vsd
IEC09000807 V1 EN
Figure 351:
620
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.3.10.4
Default
Description
BAY_ACK
BOOLEAN
BAY_VAL
BOOLEAN
BAY_RES
BOOLEAN
Table 348:
Name
Description
ACK_F_B
BOOLEAN
ANY_ACK
BOOLEAN
VALID_TX
BOOLEAN
RE_RQ_B
BOOLEAN
V_RE_RQ
BOOLEAN
EXCH_OUT
INTEGER
Table 349:
Name
Default
Description
EXCH_IN
INTEGER
BAY_ACK
BOOLEAN
BAY_VAL
BOOLEAN
BAY_RES
BOOLEAN
Table 350:
Name
Description
ACK_F_B
BOOLEAN
ANY_ACK
BOOLEAN
VALID_TX
BOOLEAN
RE_RQ_B
BOOLEAN
V_RE_RQ
BOOLEAN
EXCH_OUT
INTEGER
621
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.3.10.5
Table 351:
Name
FutureUse
Table 352:
Name
FutureUse
Setting parameters
RESIN1 Non group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Bay in use
Bay future use
Unit
-
Step
-
Default
Bay in use
Description
The bay for this ResIn block is for future
use
Unit
-
12.4
Interlocking
12.4.1
Introduction
Step
-
Default
Bay in use
Description
The bay for this ResIn block is for future
use
12.4.2
Principle of operation
The interlocking function consists of software modules located in each control
IED. The function is distributed and not dependent on any central function.
Communication between modules in different bays is performed via the station bus.
The reservation function (see section "Introduction") is used to ensure that HV
apparatuses that might affect the interlock are blocked during the time gap, which
arises between position updates. This can be done by means of the communication
system, reserving all HV apparatuses that might influence the interlocking
condition of the intended operation. The reservation is maintained until the
operation is performed.
After the selection and reservation of an apparatus, the function has complete data
on the status of all apparatuses in the switchyard that are affected by the selection.
Other operators cannot interfere with the reserved apparatus or the status of
switching devices that may affect it.
622
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
The open or closed positions of the HV apparatuses are inputs to software modules
distributed in the control IEDs. Each module contains the interlocking logic for a
bay. The interlocking logic in a module is different, depending on the bay function
and the switchyard arrangements, that is, double-breaker or 1 1/2 breaker bays have
different modules. Specific interlocking conditions and connections between
standard interlocking modules are performed with an engineering tool. Bay-level
interlocking signals can include the following kind of information:
Interlocking
module
Apparatus control
modules
SCILO
SCSWI
SXSWI
Apparatus control
modules
SCILO
SCSWI
SXCBR
Apparatus control
modules
en04000526.vsd
SCILO
SCSWI
SXSWI
IEC04000526 V1 EN
Figure 352:
Bays communicate via the station bus and can convey information regarding the
following:
Unearthed busbars
Busbars connected together
Other bays connected to a busbar
Received data from other bays is valid
623
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Station bus
Bay 1
Bay n
Bus coupler
...
..
WA1 unearthed
WA1 unearthed
WA1 and WA2 interconn
WA1
WA2
QB1
QB2
QB1
QB2
QA1
QA1
QB9
QB9
QB2
QB1
QC1
QC2
QA1
en05000494.vsd
IEC05000494 V1 EN
Figure 353:
When invalid data such as intermediate position, loss of a control IED, or input
board error are used as conditions for the interlocking condition in a bay, a release
for execution of the function will not be given.
On the local HMI an override function exists, which can be used to bypass the
interlocking function in cases where not all the data required for the condition is valid.
For all interlocking modules these general rules apply:
624
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.4.3
12.4.3.1
Introduction
The Logical node for interlocking SCILO function is used to enable a switching
operation if the interlocking conditions permit. SCILO function itself does not
provide any interlocking functionality. The interlocking conditions are generated in
separate function blocks containing the interlocking logic.
12.4.3.2
Logic diagram
The function contains logic to enable the open and close commands respectively if
the interlocking conditions are fulfilled. That means also, if the switch has a
defined end position for example, open, then the appropriate enable signal (in this
case EN_OPEN) is false. The enable signals EN_OPEN and EN_CLOSE can be
true at the same time only in the intermediate and bad position state and if they are
enabled by the interlocking function. The position inputs come from the logical
nodes Circuit breaker/Circuit switch (SXCBR/SXSWI) and the enable signals
625
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
come from the interlocking logic. The outputs are connected to the logical node
Switch controller (SCSWI). One instance per switching device is needed.
SCILO
POSOPEN
POSCLOSE
=1
EN_OPEN
&
>1
&
OPEN_EN
CLOSE_EN
&
EN_CLOSE
>1
&
en04000525.vsd
IEC04000525 V1 EN
Figure 354:
12.4.3.3
Function block
SCILO
POSOPEN
POSCLOSE
OPEN_EN
CLOSE_EN
EN_OPEN
EN_CLOSE
IEC05000359-2-en.vsd
IEC05000359 V2 EN
Figure 355:
12.4.3.4
Default
Description
POSOPEN
BOOLEAN
POSCLOSE
BOOLEAN
OPEN_EN
BOOLEAN
CLOSE_EN
BOOLEAN
Table 354:
Name
12.4.4
Description
EN_OPEN
BOOLEAN
EN_CLOSE
BOOLEAN
626
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.4.4.1
Introduction
The interlocking for busbar earthing switch (BB_ES) function is used for one
busbar earthing switch on any busbar parts according to figure 356.
QC
en04000504.vsd
IEC04000504 V1 EN
Figure 356:
12.4.4.2
Function block
BB_ES
QC_OP
QC_CL
BB_DC_OP
VP_BB_DC
EXDU_BB
QCREL
QCITL
BBESOPTR
BBESCLTR
IEC05000347-2-en.vsd
IEC05000347 V2 EN
Figure 357:
12.4.4.3
Logic diagram
BB_ES
VP_BB_DC
BB_DC_OP
EXDU_BB
&
QCREL
QCITL
QC_OP
QC_CL
BBESOPTR
BBESCLTR
en04000546.vsd
IEC04000546 V1 EN
12.4.4.4
Default
Description
QC_OP
BOOLEAN
QC_CL
BOOLEAN
BB_DC_OP
BOOLEAN
VP_BB_DC
BOOLEAN
EXDU_BB
BOOLEAN
627
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Table 356:
Name
Type
Description
QCREL
BOOLEAN
Switching of QC is allowed
QCITL
BOOLEAN
Switching of QC is forbidden
BBESOPTR
BOOLEAN
BBESCLTR
BOOLEAN
12.4.5
12.4.5.1
Introduction
The interlocking for bus-section breaker (A1A2_BS) function is used for one bussection circuit breaker between section 1 and 2 according to figure 358. The
function can be used for different busbars, which includes a bus-section circuit
breaker.
WA2 (A2)
WA1 (A1)
QC1
QB1
QB2
QC2
QA1
QC3
QC4
A1A2_BS
en04000516.vsd
IEC04000516 V1 EN
Figure 358:
628
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.4.5.2
Function block
QA1_OP
QA1_CL
QB1_OP
QB1_CL
QB2_OP
QB2_CL
QC3_OP
QC3_CL
QC4_OP
QC4_CL
S1QC1_OP
S1QC1_CL
S2QC2_OP
S2QC2_CL
BBTR_OP
VP_BBTR
EXDU_12
EXDU_ES
QA1O_EX1
QA1O_EX2
QA1O_EX3
QB1_EX1
QB1_EX2
QB2_EX1
QB2_EX2
A1A2_BS
QA1OPREL
QA1OPITL
QA1CLREL
QA1CLITL
QB1REL
QB1ITL
QB2REL
QB2ITL
QC3REL
QC3ITL
QC4REL
QC4ITL
S1S2OPTR
S1S2CLTR
QB1OPTR
QB1CLTR
QB2OPTR
QB2CLTR
VPS1S2TR
VPQB1TR
VPQB2TR
IEC05000348-2-en.vsd
IEC05000348 V2 EN
Figure 359:
629
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.4.5.3
Logic diagram
QA1_OP
QA1_CL
QB1_OP
QB1_CL
QB2_OP
QB2_CL
QC3_OP
QC3_CL
QC4_OP
QC4_CL
S1QC1_OP
S1QC1_CL
S2QC2_OP
S2QC2_CL
VPQB1
QB1_OP
QA1O_EX1
VPQB2
QB2_OP
QA1O_EX2
VP_BBTR
BBTR_OP
EXDU_12
QA1O_EX3
VPQB1
VPQB2
VPQA1
VPQC3
VPQC4
VPS1QC1
QA1_OP
QC3_OP
QC4_OP
S1QC1_OP
EXDU_ES
QB1_EX1
VPQC3
VPS1QC1
QC3_CL
S1QC1_CL
EXDU_ES
QB1_EX2
A1A2_BS
=1
VPQA1
=1
VPQB1
=1
VPQB2
=1
VPQC3
=1
VPQC4
=1
VPS1QC1
=1
VPS2QC2
&
>1
1
QA1OPREL
QA1OPITL
&
&
&
&
>1
1
QA1CLREL
QA1CLITL
QB1REL
QB1ITL
&
en04000542.vsd
IEC04000542 V1 EN
630
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
VPQA1
VPQC3
VPQC4
VPS2QC2
QA1_OP
QC3_OP
QC4_OP
S2QC2_OP
EXDU_ES
QB2_EX1
VPQC4
VPS2QC2
QC4_CL
S2QC2_CL
EXDU_ES
QB2_EX2
VPQB1
VPQB2
QB1_OP
QB2_OP
&
>1
1
QB2REL
QB2ITL
&
&
1
1
QC3REL
QC3ITL
QC4REL
QC4ITL
QB1_OP
QB1_CL
VPQB1
QB1OPTR
QB1CLTR
VPQB1TR
QB2_OP
QB2_CL
VPQB2
QB2OPTR
QB2CLTR
VPQB2TR
QB1_OP
QB2_OP
QA1_OP
VPQB1
VPQB2
VPQA1
>1
S1S2OPTR
S1S2CLTR
VPS1S2TR
&
en04000543.vsd
IEC04000543 V1 EN
12.4.5.4
Default
Description
QA1_OP
BOOLEAN
QA1_CL
BOOLEAN
QB1_OP
BOOLEAN
QB1_CL
BOOLEAN
QB2_OP
BOOLEAN
QB2_CL
BOOLEAN
QC3_OP
BOOLEAN
QC3_CL
BOOLEAN
QC4_OP
BOOLEAN
QC4_CL
BOOLEAN
S1QC1_OP
BOOLEAN
S1QC1_CL
BOOLEAN
S2QC2_OP
BOOLEAN
S2QC2_CL
BOOLEAN
BBTR_OP
BOOLEAN
VP_BBTR
BOOLEAN
631
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Name
Default
Description
BOOLEAN
EXDU_ES
BOOLEAN
QA1O_EX1
BOOLEAN
QA1O_EX2
BOOLEAN
QA1O_EX3
BOOLEAN
QB1_EX1
BOOLEAN
QB1_EX2
BOOLEAN
QB2_EX1
BOOLEAN
QB2_EX2
BOOLEAN
Table 358:
Name
12.4.6
Type
EXDU_12
Description
QA1OPREL
BOOLEAN
QA1OPITL
BOOLEAN
QA1CLREL
BOOLEAN
QA1CLITL
BOOLEAN
QB1REL
BOOLEAN
QB1ITL
BOOLEAN
QB2REL
BOOLEAN
QB2ITL
BOOLEAN
QC3REL
BOOLEAN
QC3ITL
BOOLEAN
QC4REL
BOOLEAN
QC4ITL
BOOLEAN
S1S2OPTR
BOOLEAN
S1S2CLTR
BOOLEAN
QB1OPTR
BOOLEAN
QB1CLTR
BOOLEAN
QB2OPTR
BOOLEAN
QB2CLTR
BOOLEAN
VPS1S2TR
BOOLEAN
VPQB1TR
BOOLEAN
VPQB2TR
BOOLEAN
632
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.4.6.1
Introduction
The interlocking for bus-section disconnector (A1A2_DC) function is used for one
bus-section disconnector between section 1 and 2 according to figure 360.
A1A2_DC function can be used for different busbars, which includes a bus-section
disconnector.
QB
WA1 (A1)
WA2 (A2)
QC1
QC2
A1A2_DC
en04000492.vsd
IEC04000492 V1 EN
Figure 360:
12.4.6.2
Function block
A1A2_DC
QB_OP
QBOPREL
QB_CL
QBOPITL
S1QC1_OP
QBCLREL
S1QC1_CL
QBCLITL
S2QC2_OP
DCOPTR
S2QC2_CL
DCCLTR
S1DC_OP
VPDCTR
S2DC_OP
VPS1_DC
VPS2_DC
EXDU_ES
EXDU_BB
QBCL_EX1
QBCL_EX2
QBOP_EX1
QBOP_EX2
QBOP_EX3
IEC05000349-2-en.vsd
IEC05000349 V2 EN
Figure 361:
633
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.4.6.3
Logic diagram
A1A2_DC
QB_OP
QB_CL
=1
VPQB
VPDCTR
DCOPTR
DCCLTR
S1QC1_OP
S1QC1_CL
S2QC2_OP
S2QC2_CL
VPS1QC1
VPS2QC2
VPS1_DC
S1QC1_OP
S2QC2_OP
S1DC_OP
EXDU_ES
VPS1QC1
=1
VPS2QC2
=1
&
>1
1
QBOPREL
QBOPITL
EXDU_BB
QBOP_EX1
VPS1QC1
VPS2QC2
VPS2_DC
S1QC1_OP
S2QC2_OP
S2DC_OP
EXDU_ES
&
EXDU_BB
QBOP_EX2
VPS1QC1
VPS2QC2
S1QC1_CL
S2QC2_CL
EXDU_ES
QBOP_EX3
&
en04000544.vsd
IEC04000544 V1 EN
IEC04000545 V1 EN
12.4.6.4
Default
Description
QB_OP
BOOLEAN
QB is in open position
QB_CL
BOOLEAN
QB is in closed position
S1QC1_OP
BOOLEAN
S1QC1_CL
BOOLEAN
Section 12
Control
Name
Type
Default
Description
S2QC2_OP
BOOLEAN
S2QC2_CL
BOOLEAN
S1DC_OP
BOOLEAN
S2DC_OP
BOOLEAN
VPS1_DC
BOOLEAN
VPS2_DC
BOOLEAN
EXDU_ES
BOOLEAN
EXDU_BB
BOOLEAN
QBCL_EX1
BOOLEAN
QBCL_EX2
BOOLEAN
QBOP_EX1
BOOLEAN
QBOP_EX2
BOOLEAN
QBOP_EX3
BOOLEAN
Table 360:
Name
Description
QBOPREL
BOOLEAN
Opening of QB is allowed
QBOPITL
BOOLEAN
Opening of QB is forbidden
QBCLREL
BOOLEAN
Closing of QB is allowed
QBCLITL
BOOLEAN
Closing of QB is forbidden
DCOPTR
BOOLEAN
DCCLTR
BOOLEAN
VPDCTR
BOOLEAN
12.4.7
12.4.7.1
Introduction
The interlocking for bus-coupler bay (ABC_BC) function is used for a bus-coupler
bay connected to a double busbar arrangement according to figure 362. The
function can also be used for a single busbar arrangement with transfer busbar or
double busbar arrangement without transfer busbar.
635
Section 12
Control
WA1 (A)
WA2 (B)
WA7 (C)
QB1
QB2
QB20
QB7
QC1
QA1
QC2
en04000514.vsd
IEC04000514 V1 EN
Figure 362:
12.4.7.2
Function block
ABC_BC
QA1_OP
QA1_CL
QB1_OP
QB1_CL
QB2_OP
QB2_CL
QB7_OP
QB7_CL
QB20_OP
QB20_CL
QC1_OP
QC1_CL
QC2_OP
QC2_CL
QC11_OP
QC11_CL
QC21_OP
QC21_CL
QC71_OP
QC71_CL
BBTR_OP
BC_12_CL
VP_BBTR
VP_BC_12
EXDU_ES
EXDU_12
EXDU_BC
QA1O_EX1
QA1O_EX2
QA1O_EX3
QB1_EX1
QB1_EX2
QB1_EX3
QB2_EX1
QB2_EX2
QB2_EX3
QB20_EX1
QB20_EX2
QB7_EX1
QB7_EX2
QA1OPREL
QA1OPITL
QA1CLREL
QA1CLITL
QB1REL
QB1ITL
QB2REL
QB2ITL
QB7REL
QB7ITL
QB20REL
QB20ITL
QC1REL
QC1ITL
QC2REL
QC2ITL
QB1OPTR
QB1CLTR
QB220OTR
QB220CTR
QB7OPTR
QB7CLTR
QB12OPTR
QB12CLTR
BC12OPTR
BC12CLTR
BC17OPTR
BC17CLTR
BC27OPTR
BC27CLTR
VPQB1TR
VQB220TR
VPQB7TR
VPQB12TR
VPBC12TR
VPBC17TR
VPBC27TR
IEC05000350-2-en.vsd
IEC05000350 V2 EN
Figure 363:
636
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.4.7.3
Logic diagram
QA1_OP
QA1_CL
QB1_OP
QB1_CL
QB20_OP
QB20_CL
QB7_OP
QB7_CL
QB2_OP
QB2_CL
QC1_OP
QC1_CL
QC2_OP
QC2_CL
QC11_OP
QC11_CL
QC21_OP
QC21_CL
QC71_OP
QC71_CL
VPQB1
QB1_OP
QA1O_EX1
VPQB20
QB20_OP
QA1O_EX2
VP_BBTR
BBTR_OP
EXDU_12
ABC_BC
=1
VPQA1
=1
VPQB1
=1
VPQB20
=1
VPQB7
=1
VPQB2
=1
VPQC1
=1
VPQC2
=1
VPQC11
=1
VPQC21
=1
VPQC71
&
QA1OPREL
QA1OPITL
>1
1
&
&
QA1O_EX3
VPQB1
VPQB2
VPQB7
VPQB20
&
QA1CLREL
QA1CLITL
en04000533.vsd
IEC04000533 V1 EN
VPQA1
VPQB2
VPQC1
VPQC2
VPQC11
QA1_OP
QB2_OP
QC1_OP
QC2_OP
QC11_OP
EXDU_ES
QB1_EX1
VPQB2
VP_BC_12
QB2_CL
BC_12_CL
EXDU_BC
QB1_EX2
VPQC1
VPQC11
QC1_CL
QC11_CL
EXDU_ES
QB1_EX3
&
>1
1
QB1REL
QB1ITL
&
&
en04000534.vsd
IEC04000534 V1 EN
637
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
VPQA1
VPQB1
VPQC1
VPQC2
VPQC21
QA1_OP
QB1_OP
QC1_OP
QC2_OP
QC21_OP
EXDU_ES
QB2_EX1
VPQB1
VP_BC_12
QB1_CL
BC_12_CL
EXDU_BC
QB2_EX2
VPQC1
VPQC21
QC1_CL
QC21_CL
EXDU_ES
QB2_EX3
&
>1
1
QB2REL
QB2ITL
&
&
en04000535.vsd
IEC04000535 V1 EN
VPQA1
VPQB20
VPQC1
VPQC2
VPQC71
QA1_OP
QB20_OP
QC1_OP
QC2_OP
QC71_OP
EXDU_ES
QB7_EX1
VPQC2
VPQC71
QC2_CL
QC71_CL
EXDU_ES
QB7_EX2
VPQA1
VPQB7
VPQC1
VPQC2
VPQC21
QA1_OP
QB7_OP
QC1_OP
QC2_OP
QC21_OP
EXDU_ES
QB20_EX1
VPQC2
VPQC21
QC2_CL
QC21_CL
EXDU_ES
QB20_EX2
&
>1
1
QB7REL
QB7ITL
&
&
>1
1
QB20REL
QB20ITL
&
en04000536.vsd
IEC04000536 V1 EN
638
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
VPQB1
VPQB20
VPQB7
VPQB2
QB1_OP
QB20_OP
QB7_OP
QB2_OP
QB1_OP
QB1_CL
VPQB1
QB20_OP
QB2_OP
VPQB20
VPQB2
QB7_OP
QB7_CL
VPQB7
QB1_OP
QB2_OP
VPQB1
VPQB2
QA1_OP
QB1_OP
QB20_OP
VPQA1
VPQB1
VPQB20
QA1_OP
QB1_OP
QB7_OP
VPQA1
VPQB1
VPQB7
QA1_OP
QB2_OP
QB7_OP
VPQA1
VPQB2
VPQB7
&
1
1
&
&
>1
&
>1
QC1REL
QC1ITL
QC2REL
QC2ITL
QB1OPTR
QB1CLTR
VPQB1TR
QB220OTR
QB220CTR
VQB220TR
QB7OPTR
QB7CLTR
VPQB7TR
QB12OPTR
QB12CLTR
VPQB12TR
BC12OPTR
BC12CLTR
VPBC12TR
&
>1
BC17OPTR
BC17CLTR
VPBC17TR
&
>1
BC27OPTR
BC27CLTR
VPBC27TR
&
en04000537.vsd
IEC04000537 V1 EN
12.4.7.4
Default
Description
QA1_OP
BOOLEAN
QA1_CL
BOOLEAN
QB1_OP
BOOLEAN
QB1_CL
BOOLEAN
QB2_OP
BOOLEAN
QB2_CL
BOOLEAN
QB7_OP
BOOLEAN
QB7_CL
BOOLEAN
QB20_OP
BOOLEAN
QB20_CL
BOOLEAN
QC1_OP
BOOLEAN
QC1_CL
BOOLEAN
QC2_OP
BOOLEAN
QC2_CL
BOOLEAN
QC11_OP
BOOLEAN
639
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Name
Type
Default
Description
QC11_CL
BOOLEAN
QC21_OP
BOOLEAN
QC21_CL
BOOLEAN
QC71_OP
BOOLEAN
QC71_CL
BOOLEAN
BBTR_OP
BOOLEAN
BC_12_CL
BOOLEAN
VP_BBTR
BOOLEAN
VP_BC_12
BOOLEAN
EXDU_ES
BOOLEAN
EXDU_12
BOOLEAN
EXDU_BC
BOOLEAN
QA1O_EX1
BOOLEAN
QA1O_EX2
BOOLEAN
QA1O_EX3
BOOLEAN
QB1_EX1
BOOLEAN
QB1_EX2
BOOLEAN
QB1_EX3
BOOLEAN
QB2_EX1
BOOLEAN
QB2_EX2
BOOLEAN
QB2_EX3
BOOLEAN
QB20_EX1
BOOLEAN
QB20_EX2
BOOLEAN
QB7_EX1
BOOLEAN
QB7_EX2
BOOLEAN
Table 362:
Name
Description
QA1OPREL
BOOLEAN
QA1OPITL
BOOLEAN
QA1CLREL
BOOLEAN
QA1CLITL
BOOLEAN
640
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Name
Type
Description
QB1REL
BOOLEAN
QB1ITL
BOOLEAN
QB2REL
BOOLEAN
QB2ITL
BOOLEAN
QB7REL
BOOLEAN
QB7ITL
BOOLEAN
QB20REL
BOOLEAN
QB20ITL
BOOLEAN
QC1REL
BOOLEAN
QC1ITL
BOOLEAN
QC2REL
BOOLEAN
QC2ITL
BOOLEAN
QB1OPTR
BOOLEAN
QB1CLTR
BOOLEAN
QB220OTR
BOOLEAN
QB220CTR
BOOLEAN
QB7OPTR
BOOLEAN
QB7CLTR
BOOLEAN
QB12OPTR
BOOLEAN
QB12CLTR
BOOLEAN
BC12OPTR
BOOLEAN
BC12CLTR
BOOLEAN
BC17OPTR
BOOLEAN
BC17CLTR
BOOLEAN
BC27OPTR
BOOLEAN
BC27CLTR
BOOLEAN
VPQB1TR
BOOLEAN
VQB220TR
BOOLEAN
VPQB7TR
BOOLEAN
VPQB12TR
BOOLEAN
VPBC12TR
BOOLEAN
VPBC17TR
BOOLEAN
VPBC27TR
BOOLEAN
641
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.4.8
12.4.8.1
Introduction
The interlocking for 1 1/2 breaker diameter (BH_CONN, BH_LINE_A,
BH_LINE_B) functions are used for lines connected to a 1 1/2 breaker diameter
according to figure 364.
WA1 (A)
WA2 (B)
QB2
QB1
QC1
QC1
QA1
QA1
QC2
QC2
QB6
QB6
QC3
BH_LINE_A
QC3
QB61
QA1
BH_LINE_B
QB62
QB9
QB9
QC1
QC2
QC9
QC9
BH_CONN
en04000513.vsd
IEC04000513 V1 EN
Figure 364:
Three types of interlocking modules per diameter are defined. BH_LINE_A and
BH_LINE_B are the connections from a line to a busbar. BH_CONN is the
connection between the two lines of the diameter in the 1 1/2 breaker switchyard
layout.
642
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.4.8.2
Function blocks
BH_LINE_A
QA1_OP
QA1CLREL
QA1_CL
QA1CLITL
QB6_OP
QB6REL
QB6_CL
QB6ITL
QB1_OP
QB1REL
QB1_CL
QB1ITL
QC1_OP
QC1REL
QC1_CL
QC1ITL
QC2_OP
QC2REL
QC2_CL
QC2ITL
QC3_OP
QC3REL
QC3_CL
QC3ITL
QB9_OP
QB9REL
QB9_CL
QB9ITL
QC9_OP
QC9REL
QC9_CL
QC9ITL
CQA1_OP
QB1OPTR
CQA1_CL
QB1CLTR
CQB61_OP
VPQB1TR
CQB61_CL
CQC1_OP
CQC1_CL
CQC2_OP
CQC2_CL
QC11_OP
QC11_CL
VOLT_OFF
VOLT_ON
EXDU_ES
QB6_EX1
QB6_EX2
QB1_EX1
QB1_EX2
QB9_EX1
QB9_EX2
QB9_EX3
QB9_EX4
QB9_EX5
QB9_EX6
QB9_EX7
IEC05000352-2-en.vsd
IEC05000352 V2 EN
Figure 365:
643
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
BH_LINE_B
QA1_OP
QA1CLREL
QA1_CL
QA1CLITL
QB6_OP
QB6REL
QB6_CL
QB6ITL
QB2_OP
QB2REL
QB2_CL
QB2ITL
QC1_OP
QC1REL
QC1_CL
QC1ITL
QC2_OP
QC2REL
QC2_CL
QC2ITL
QC3_OP
QC3REL
QC3_CL
QC3ITL
QB9_OP
QB9REL
QB9_CL
QB9ITL
QC9_OP
QC9REL
QC9_CL
QC9ITL
CQA1_OP
QB2OPTR
CQA1_CL
QB2CLTR
CQB62_OP
VPQB2TR
CQB62_CL
CQC1_OP
CQC1_CL
CQC2_OP
CQC2_CL
QC21_OP
QC21_CL
VOLT_OFF
VOLT_ON
EXDU_ES
QB6_EX1
QB6_EX2
QB2_EX1
QB2_EX2
QB9_EX1
QB9_EX2
QB9_EX3
QB9_EX4
QB9_EX5
QB9_EX6
QB9_EX7
IEC05000353-2-en.vsd
IEC05000353 V2 EN
Figure 366:
QA1_OP
QA1_CL
QB61_OP
QB61_CL
QB62_OP
QB62_CL
QC1_OP
QC1_CL
QC2_OP
QC2_CL
1QC3_OP
1QC3_CL
2QC3_OP
2QC3_CL
QB61_EX1
QB61_EX2
QB62_EX1
QB62_EX2
BH_CONN
QA1CLREL
QA1CLITL
QB61REL
QB61ITL
QB62REL
QB62ITL
QC1REL
QC1ITL
QC2REL
QC2ITL
IEC05000351-2-en.vsd
IEC05000351 V2 EN
Figure 367:
644
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.4.8.3
Logic diagrams
QA1_OP
QA1_CL
QB61_OP
QB61_CL
QB62_OP
QB62_CL
QC1_OP
QC1_CL
QC2_OP
QC2_CL
1QC3_OP
1QC3_CL
2QC3_OP
2QC3_CL
VPQB61
VPQB62
VPQA1
VPQC1
VPQC2
VP1QC3
QA1_OP
QC1_OP
QC2_OP
1QC3_OP
QB61_EX1
VPQC1
VP1QC3
QC1_CL
1QC3_CL
QB61_EX2
VPQA1
VPQC1
VPQC2
VP2QC3
QA1_OP
QC1_OP
QC2_OP
2QC3_OP
QB62_EX1
VPQC2
VP2QC3
QC2_CL
2QC3_CL
QB62_EX2
VPQB61
VPQB62
QB61_OP
QB62_OP
BH_CONN
=1
VPQA1
=1
VPQB61
=1
VPQB62
=1
VPQC1
=1
VPQC2
=1
VP1QC3
=1
VP2QC3
QA1CLREL
QA1CLITL
&
&
>1
1
QB61REL
QB61ITL
&
&
>1
1
QB62REL
QB62ITL
&
&
1
1
QC1REL
QC1ITL
QC2REL
QC2ITL
en04000560.vsd
IEC04000560 V1 EN
645
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
QA1_OP
QA1_CL
QB1_OP
QB1_CL
QB6_OP
QB6_CL
QC9_OP
QC9_CL
QB9_OP
QB9_CL
QC1_OP
QC1_CL
QC2_OP
QC2_CL
QC3_OP
QC3_CL
CQA1_OP
CQA1_CL
CQC1_OP
CQC1_CL
CQC2_OP
CQC2_CL
CQB61_OP
CQB61_CL
QC11_OP
QC11_CL
VOLT_OFF
VOLT_ON
VPQB1
VPQB6
VPQB9
VPQA1
VPQC1
VPQC2
VPQC3
QA1_OP
QC1_OP
QC2_OP
QC3_OP
QB6_EX1
VPQC2
VPQC3
QC2_CL
QC3_CL
QB6_EX2
BH_LINE_A
=1
VPQA1
=1
VPQB1
=1
VPQB6
=1
VPQC9
=1
VPQB9
=1
VPQC1
=1
VPQC2
=1
VPQC3
=1
VPCQA1
=1
VPCQC1
=1
VPCQC2
=1
VPCQB61
=1
VPQC11
=1
VPVOLT
QA1CLREL
QA1CLITL
&
&
>1
1
QB6REL
QB6ITL
&
en04000554.vsd
IEC04000554 V1 EN
646
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
VPQA1
VPQC1
VPQC2
VPQC11
QA1_OP
QC1_OP
QC2_OP
QC11_OP
EXDU_ES
QB1_EX1
VPQC1
VPQC11
QC1_CL
QC11_CL
EXDU_ES
QB1_EX2
VPQB1
VPQB6
QB1_OP
QB6_OP
VPQB6
VPQB9
VPCQB61
QB6_OP
QB9_OP
CQB61_OP
VPQA1
VPQB6
VPQC9
VPQC1
VPQC2
VPQC3
VPCQA1
VPCQB61
VPCQC1
VPCQC2
QB9_EX1
QB6_OP
QB9_EX2
QA1_OP
QC1_OP
QC2_OP
QB9_EX3
&
QB1REL
QB1ITL
>1
1
&
&
QC1REL
QC1ITL
QC2REL
QC2ITL
1
1
QC3REL
QC3ITL
&
1
&
>1
QB9REL
QB9ITL
>1
&
en04000555.vsd
IEC04000555 V1 EN
CQB61_OP
QB9_EX4
CQA1_OP
CQC1_OP
CQC2_OP
QB9_EX5
QC9_OP
QC3_OP
QB9_EX6
VPQC9
VPQC3
QC9_CL
QC3_CL
QB9_EX7
VPQB9
VPVOLT
QB9_OP
VOLT_OFF
QB1_OP
QB1_CL
VPQB1
>1
&
>1
&
&
&
QC9REL
QC9ITL
QB1OPTR
QB1CLTR
VPQB1TR
en04000556.vsd
IEC04000556 V1 EN
647
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
QA1_OP
QA1_CL
QB2_OP
QB2_CL
QB6_OP
QB6_CL
QC9_OP
QC9_CL
QB9_OP
QB9_CL
QC1_OP
QC1_CL
QC2_OP
QC2_CL
QC3_OP
QC3_CL
CQA1_OP
CQA1_CL
CQC1_OP
CQC1_CL
CQC2_OP
CQC2_CL
CQB62_OP
CQB62_CL
QC21_OP
QC21_CL
VOLT_OFF
VOLT_ON
VPQB2
VPQB6
VPQB9
VPQA1
VPQC1
VPQC2
VPQC3
QA1_OP
QC1_OP
QC2_OP
QC3_OP
QB6_EX1
VPQC2
VPQC3
QC2_CL
QC3_CL
QB6_EX2
BH_LINE_B
=1
VPQA1
=1
VPQB2
=1
VPQB6
=1
VPQC9
=1
VPQB9
=1
VPQC1
=1
VPQC2
=1
VPQC3
=1
VPCQA1
=1
VPCQC1
=1
VPCQC2
=1
VPCQB62
=1
VPQC21
=1
VPVOLT
QA1CLREL
QA1CLITL
&
&
>1
1
QB6REL
QB6ITL
&
en04000557.vsd
IEC04000557 V1 EN
648
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
VPQA1
VPQC1
VPQC2
VPQC21
QA1_OP
QC1_OP
QC2_OP
QC21_OP
EXDU_ES
QB2_EX1
VPQC1
VPQC21
QC1_CL
QC21_CL
EXDU_ES
QB2_EX2
VPQB2
VPQB6
QB2_OP
QB6_OP
VPQB6
VPQB9
VPCQB62
QB6_OP
QB9_OP
CQB62_OP
VPQA1
VPQB6
VPQC9
VPQC1
VPQC2
VPQC3
VPCQA1
VPCQB62
VPCQC1
VPCQC2
QB9_EX1
QB6_OP
QB9_EX2
QA1_OP
QC1_OP
QC2_OP
QB9_EX3
&
QB2REL
QB2ITL
>1
1
&
&
QC1REL
QC1ITL
QC2REL
QC2ITL
1
1
QC3REL
QC3ITL
&
1
&
>1
QB9REL
QB9ITL
>1
&
en04000558.vsd
IEC04000558 V1 EN
CQB62_OP
QB9_EX4
CQA1_OP
CQC1_OP
CQC2_OP
QB9_EX5
QC9_OP
QC3_OP
QB9_EX6
VPQC9
VPQC3
QC9_CL
QC3_CL
QB9_EX7
VPQB9
VPVOLT
QB9_OP
VOLT_OFF
QB2_OP
QB2_CL
VPQB2
>1
&
>1
&
&
&
QC9REL
QC9ITL
QB2OPTR
QB2CLTR
VPQB2TR
en04000559.vsd
IEC04000559 V1 EN
649
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.4.8.4
Default
Description
QA1_OP
BOOLEAN
QA1_CL
BOOLEAN
QB6_OP
BOOLEAN
QB6_CL
BOOLEAN
QB1_OP
BOOLEAN
QB1_CL
BOOLEAN
QC1_OP
BOOLEAN
QC1_CL
BOOLEAN
QC2_OP
BOOLEAN
QC2_CL
BOOLEAN
QC3_OP
BOOLEAN
QC3_CL
BOOLEAN
QB9_OP
BOOLEAN
QB9_CL
BOOLEAN
QC9_OP
BOOLEAN
QC9_CL
BOOLEAN
CQA1_OP
BOOLEAN
CQA1_CL
BOOLEAN
CQB61_OP
BOOLEAN
CQB61_CL
BOOLEAN
CQC1_OP
BOOLEAN
CQC1_CL
BOOLEAN
CQC2_OP
BOOLEAN
CQC2_CL
BOOLEAN
QC11_OP
BOOLEAN
QC11_CL
BOOLEAN
VOLT_OFF
BOOLEAN
VOLT_ON
BOOLEAN
EXDU_ES
BOOLEAN
QB6_EX1
BOOLEAN
QB6_EX2
BOOLEAN
QB1_EX1
BOOLEAN
QB1_EX2
BOOLEAN
QB9_EX1
BOOLEAN
650
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Name
Type
Default
Description
QB9_EX2
BOOLEAN
QB9_EX3
BOOLEAN
QB9_EX4
BOOLEAN
QB9_EX5
BOOLEAN
QB9_EX6
BOOLEAN
QB9_EX7
BOOLEAN
Table 364:
Name
Description
QA1CLREL
BOOLEAN
QA1CLITL
BOOLEAN
QB6REL
BOOLEAN
QB6ITL
BOOLEAN
QB1REL
BOOLEAN
QB1ITL
BOOLEAN
QC1REL
BOOLEAN
QC1ITL
BOOLEAN
QC2REL
BOOLEAN
QC2ITL
BOOLEAN
QC3REL
BOOLEAN
QC3ITL
BOOLEAN
QB9REL
BOOLEAN
QB9ITL
BOOLEAN
QC9REL
BOOLEAN
QC9ITL
BOOLEAN
QB1OPTR
BOOLEAN
QB1CLTR
BOOLEAN
VPQB1TR
BOOLEAN
Table 365:
Name
Default
Description
QA1_OP
BOOLEAN
QA1_CL
BOOLEAN
QB6_OP
BOOLEAN
QB6_CL
BOOLEAN
QB2_OP
BOOLEAN
QB2_CL
BOOLEAN
QC1_OP
BOOLEAN
651
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Name
Type
Default
Description
QC1_CL
BOOLEAN
QC2_OP
BOOLEAN
QC2_CL
BOOLEAN
QC3_OP
BOOLEAN
QC3_CL
BOOLEAN
QB9_OP
BOOLEAN
QB9_CL
BOOLEAN
QC9_OP
BOOLEAN
QC9_CL
BOOLEAN
CQA1_OP
BOOLEAN
CQA1_CL
BOOLEAN
CQB62_OP
BOOLEAN
CQB62_CL
BOOLEAN
CQC1_OP
BOOLEAN
CQC1_CL
BOOLEAN
CQC2_OP
BOOLEAN
CQC2_CL
BOOLEAN
QC21_OP
BOOLEAN
QC21_CL
BOOLEAN
VOLT_OFF
BOOLEAN
VOLT_ON
BOOLEAN
EXDU_ES
BOOLEAN
QB6_EX1
BOOLEAN
QB6_EX2
BOOLEAN
QB2_EX1
BOOLEAN
QB2_EX2
BOOLEAN
QB9_EX1
BOOLEAN
QB9_EX2
BOOLEAN
QB9_EX3
BOOLEAN
QB9_EX4
BOOLEAN
QB9_EX5
BOOLEAN
QB9_EX6
BOOLEAN
QB9_EX7
BOOLEAN
652
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Table 366:
Name
Description
QA1CLREL
BOOLEAN
QA1CLITL
BOOLEAN
QB6REL
BOOLEAN
QB6ITL
BOOLEAN
QB2REL
BOOLEAN
QB2ITL
BOOLEAN
QC1REL
BOOLEAN
QC1ITL
BOOLEAN
QC2REL
BOOLEAN
QC2ITL
BOOLEAN
QC3REL
BOOLEAN
QC3ITL
BOOLEAN
QB9REL
BOOLEAN
QB9ITL
BOOLEAN
QC9REL
BOOLEAN
QC9ITL
BOOLEAN
QB2OPTR
BOOLEAN
QB2CLTR
BOOLEAN
VPQB2TR
BOOLEAN
Table 367:
Name
Default
Description
QA1_OP
BOOLEAN
QA1_CL
BOOLEAN
QB61_OP
BOOLEAN
QB61_CL
BOOLEAN
QB62_OP
BOOLEAN
QB62_CL
BOOLEAN
QC1_OP
BOOLEAN
QC1_CL
BOOLEAN
QC2_OP
BOOLEAN
QC2_CL
BOOLEAN
1QC3_OP
BOOLEAN
1QC3_CL
BOOLEAN
2QC3_OP
BOOLEAN
2QC3_CL
BOOLEAN
QB61_EX1
BOOLEAN
653
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Name
Type
Default
Description
QB61_EX2
BOOLEAN
QB62_EX1
BOOLEAN
QB62_EX2
BOOLEAN
Table 368:
Name
Description
QA1CLREL
BOOLEAN
QA1CLITL
BOOLEAN
QB61REL
BOOLEAN
QB61ITL
BOOLEAN
QB62REL
BOOLEAN
QB62ITL
BOOLEAN
QC1REL
BOOLEAN
QC1ITL
BOOLEAN
QC2REL
BOOLEAN
QC2ITL
BOOLEAN
12.4.9
12.4.9.1
Introduction
The interlocking for 1 1/2 breaker diameter including DB_BUS_A, DB_BUS_B,
DB_LINEfunctions are used for a line connected to a double circuit breaker
arrangement according to figure 368.
654
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
WA1 (A)
WA2 (B)
QB1
QB2
QC1
QA1
QC4
QA2
DB_BUS_B
DB_BUS_A
QC2
QB61
QC5
QB62
QC3
QB9
DB_LINE
QC9
en04000518.vsd
IEC04000518 V1 EN
Figure 368:
Three types of interlocking modules per double circuit breaker bay are defined.
DB_LINE is the connection from the line to the circuit breaker parts that are
connected to the busbars. DB_BUS_A and DB_BUS_B are the connections from
the line to the busbars.
12.4.9.2
Function block
DB_BUS_A
QA1_OP
QA1CLREL
QA1_CL
QA1CLITL
QB1_OP
QB61REL
QB1_CL
QB61ITL
QB61_OP
QB1REL
QB61_CL
QB1ITL
QC1_OP
QC1REL
QC1_CL
QC1ITL
QC2_OP
QC2REL
QC2_CL
QC2ITL
QC3_OP
QB1OPTR
QC3_CL
QB1CLTR
QC11_OP
VPQB1TR
QC11_CL
EXDU_ES
QB61_EX1
QB61_EX2
QB1_EX1
QB1_EX2
IEC05000354-2-en.vsd
IEC05000354 V2 EN
Figure 369:
655
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
DB_LINE
QA1_OP
QA1_CL
QA2_OP
QA2_CL
QB61_OP
QB61_CL
QC1_OP
QC1_CL
QC2_OP
QC2_CL
QB62_OP
QB62_CL
QC4_OP
QC4_CL
QC5_OP
QC5_CL
QB9_OP
QB9_CL
QC3_OP
QC3_CL
QC9_OP
QC9_CL
VOLT_OFF
VOLT_ON
QB9_EX1
QB9_EX2
QB9_EX3
QB9_EX4
QB9_EX5
QB9REL
QB9ITL
QC3REL
QC3ITL
QC9REL
QC9ITL
IEC05000356-2-en.vsd
IEC05000356 V2 EN
Figure 370:
DB_BUS_B
QA2_OP
QA2CLREL
QA2_CL
QA2CLITL
QB2_OP
QB62REL
QB2_CL
QB62ITL
QB62_OP
QB2REL
QB62_CL
QB2ITL
QC4_OP
QC4REL
QC4_CL
QC4ITL
QC5_OP
QC5REL
QC5_CL
QC5ITL
QC3_OP
QB2OPTR
QC3_CL
QB2CLTR
QC21_OP
VPQB2TR
QC21_CL
EXDU_ES
QB62_EX1
QB62_EX2
QB2_EX1
QB2_EX2
IEC05000355-2-en.vsd
IEC05000355 V2 EN
Figure 371:
656
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.4.9.3
Logic diagrams
QA1_OP
QA1_CL
QB61_OP
QB61_CL
QB1_OP
QB1_CL
QC1_OP
QC1_CL
QC2_OP
QC2_CL
QC3_OP
QC3_CL
QC11_OP
QC11_CL
VPQB61
VPQB1
VPQA1
VPQC1
VPQC2
VPQC3
QA1_OP
QC1_OP
QC2_OP
QC3_OP
QB61_EX1
VPQC2
VPQC3
QC2_CL
QC3_CL
QB61_EX2
VPQA1
VPQC1
VPQC2
VPQC11
QA1_OP
QC1_OP
QC2_OP
QC11_OP
EXDU_ES
QB1_EX1
VPQC1
VPQC11
QC1_CL
QC11_CL
EXDU_ES
QB1_EX2
DB_BUS_A
=1
VPQA1
=1
VPQB61
=1
VPQB1
=1
VPQC1
=1
VPQC2
=1
VPQC3
=1
&
&
>1
1
VPQC11
QA1CLREL
QA1CLITL
QB61REL
QB61ITL
&
&
>1
1
QB1REL
QB1ITL
&
en04000547.vsd
IEC04000547 V1 EN
VPQB61
VPQB1
QB61_OP
QB1_OP
QB1_OP
QB1_CL
VPQB1
&
1
1
QC1REL
QC1ITL
QC2REL
QC2ITL
QB1OPTR
QB1CLTR
VPQB1TR
en04000548.vsd
IEC04000548 V1 EN
657
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
QA2_OP
QA2_CL
QB62_OP
QB62_CL
QB2_OP
QB2_CL
QC4_OP
QC4_CL
QC5_OP
QC5_CL
QC3_OP
QC3_CL
QC21_OP
QC21_CL
VPQB62
VPQB2
VPQA2
VPQC4
VPQC5
VPQC3
QA2_OP
QC4_OP
QC5_OP
QC3_OP
QB62_EX1
VPQC5
VPQC3
QC5_CL
QC3_CL
QB62_EX2
VPQA2
VPQC4
VPQC5
VPQC21
QA2_OP
QC4_OP
QC5_OP
QC21_OP
EXDU_ES
QB2_EX1
VPQC4
VPQC21
QC4_CL
QC21_CL
EXDU_ES
QB2_EX2
DB_BUS_B
=1
VPQA2
=1
VPQB62
=1
VPQB2
=1
VPQC4
=1
VPQC5
VPQC3
=1
=1
&
&
>1
1
VPQC21
QA2CLREL
QA2CLITL
QB62REL
QB62ITL
&
&
>1
1
QB2REL
QB2ITL
&
en04000552.vsd
IEC04000552 V1 EN
VPQB62
VPQB2
QB62_OP
QB2_OP
QB2_OP
QB2_CL
VPQB2
&
1
1
QC4REL
QC4ITL
QC5REL
QC5ITL
QB2OPTR
QB2CLTR
VPQB2TR
en04000553.vsd
IEC04000553 V1 EN
658
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
QA1_OP
QA1_CL
QA2_OP
QA2_CL
QB61_OP
QB61_CL
QC1_OP
QC1_CL
QC2_OP
QC2_CL
QB62_OP
QB62_CL
QC4_OP
QC4_CL
QC5_OP
QC5_CL
QB9_OP
QB9_CL
QC3_OP
QC3_CL
QC9_OP
QC9_CL
VOLT_OFF
VOLT_ON
VPQA1
VPQA2
VPQC1
VPQC2
VPQC3
VPQC4
VPQC5
VPQC9
QA1_OP
QA2_OP
QC1_OP
QC2_OP
QC3_OP
QC4_OP
QC5_OP
QC9_OP
QB9_EX1
DB_LINE
=1
VPQA1
=1
VPQA2
=1
VPQB61
=1
VPQC1
=1
VPQC2
=1
VPQB62
=1
VPQC4
=1
VPQC5
=1
VPQB9
=1
VPQC3
=1
VPQC9
=1
&
VPVOLT
>1
1
&
QB9REL
QB9ITL
en04000549.vsd
IEC04000549 V1 EN
VPQA1
VPQC1
VPQC2
VPQC3
VPQC9
VPQB62
QA1_OP
QC1_OP
QC2_OP
QC3_OP
QC9_OP
QB62_OP
QB9_EX2
VPQA2
VPQB61
VPQC3
VPQC4
VPQC5
VPQC9
QA2_OP
QB61_OP
QC3_OP
QC4_OP
QC5_OP
QC9_OP
QB9_EX3
VPQC3
VPQC9
VPQB61
VPQB62
QC3_OP
QC9_OP
QB61_OP
QB62_OP
QB9_EX4
VPQC3
VPQC9
QC3_CL
QC9_CL
QB9_EX5
&
>1
&
&
&
en04000550.vsd
IEC04000550 V1 EN
659
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
VPQB61
VPQB62
VPQB9
QB61_OP
QB62_OP
QB9_OP
VPQB9
VPVOLT
QB9_OP
VOLT_OFF
&
1
&
1
QC3REL
QC3ITL
QC9REL
QC9ITL
en04000551.vsd
IEC04000551 V1 EN
12.4.9.4
Default
Description
QA1_OP
BOOLEAN
QA1_CL
BOOLEAN
QB1_OP
BOOLEAN
QB1_CL
BOOLEAN
QB61_OP
BOOLEAN
QB61_CL
BOOLEAN
QC1_OP
BOOLEAN
QC1_CL
BOOLEAN
QC2_OP
BOOLEAN
QC2_CL
BOOLEAN
QC3_OP
BOOLEAN
QC3_CL
BOOLEAN
QC11_OP
BOOLEAN
QC11_CL
BOOLEAN
EXDU_ES
BOOLEAN
QB61_EX1
BOOLEAN
QB61_EX2
BOOLEAN
QB1_EX1
BOOLEAN
QB1_EX2
BOOLEAN
Table 370:
Name
Description
QA1CLREL
BOOLEAN
QA1CLITL
BOOLEAN
QB61REL
BOOLEAN
QB61ITL
BOOLEAN
QB1REL
BOOLEAN
Section 12
Control
Name
Type
Description
QB1ITL
BOOLEAN
QC1REL
BOOLEAN
QC1ITL
BOOLEAN
QC2REL
BOOLEAN
QC2ITL
BOOLEAN
QB1OPTR
BOOLEAN
QB1CLTR
BOOLEAN
VPQB1TR
BOOLEAN
Table 371:
Name
Default
Description
QA1_OP
BOOLEAN
QA1_CL
BOOLEAN
QA2_OP
BOOLEAN
QA2_CL
BOOLEAN
QB61_OP
BOOLEAN
QB61_CL
BOOLEAN
QC1_OP
BOOLEAN
QC1_CL
BOOLEAN
QC2_OP
BOOLEAN
QC2_CL
BOOLEAN
QB62_OP
BOOLEAN
QB62_CL
BOOLEAN
QC4_OP
BOOLEAN
QC4_CL
BOOLEAN
QC5_OP
BOOLEAN
QC5_CL
BOOLEAN
QB9_OP
BOOLEAN
QB9_CL
BOOLEAN
QC3_OP
BOOLEAN
QC3_CL
BOOLEAN
QC9_OP
BOOLEAN
QC9_CL
BOOLEAN
VOLT_OFF
BOOLEAN
VOLT_ON
BOOLEAN
QB9_EX1
BOOLEAN
QB9_EX2
BOOLEAN
661
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Name
Type
Default
Description
QB9_EX3
BOOLEAN
QB9_EX4
BOOLEAN
QB9_EX5
BOOLEAN
Table 372:
Name
Description
QB9REL
BOOLEAN
QB9ITL
BOOLEAN
QC3REL
BOOLEAN
QC3ITL
BOOLEAN
QC9REL
BOOLEAN
QC9ITL
BOOLEAN
Table 373:
Name
Default
Description
QA2_OP
BOOLEAN
QA2_CL
BOOLEAN
QB2_OP
BOOLEAN
QB2_CL
BOOLEAN
QB62_OP
BOOLEAN
QB62_CL
BOOLEAN
QC4_OP
BOOLEAN
QC4_CL
BOOLEAN
QC5_OP
BOOLEAN
QC5_CL
BOOLEAN
QC3_OP
BOOLEAN
QC3_CL
BOOLEAN
QC21_OP
BOOLEAN
QC21_CL
BOOLEAN
EXDU_ES
BOOLEAN
QB62_EX1
BOOLEAN
QB62_EX2
BOOLEAN
QB2_EX1
BOOLEAN
QB2_EX2
BOOLEAN
662
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Table 374:
Name
Type
Description
QA2CLREL
BOOLEAN
QA2CLITL
BOOLEAN
QB62REL
BOOLEAN
QB62ITL
BOOLEAN
QB2REL
BOOLEAN
QB2ITL
BOOLEAN
QC4REL
BOOLEAN
QC4ITL
BOOLEAN
QC5REL
BOOLEAN
QC5ITL
BOOLEAN
QB2OPTR
BOOLEAN
QB2CLTR
BOOLEAN
VPQB2TR
BOOLEAN
12.4.10
12.4.10.1
Introduction
The interlocking for line bay (ABC_LINE) function is used for a line connected to
a double busbar arrangement with a transfer busbar according to figure 372. The
function can also be used for a double busbar arrangement without transfer busbar
or a single busbar arrangement with/without transfer busbar.
WA1 (A)
WA2 (B)
WA7 (C)
QB1
QB2
QB7
QC1
QA1
QC2
QB9
QC9
en04000478.vsd
IEC04000478 V1 EN
Figure 372:
663
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.4.10.2
Function block
ABC_LINE
QA1CLREL
QA1_OP
QA1_CL
QA1CLITL
QB9_OP
QB9REL
QB9_CL
QB9ITL
QB1_OP
QB1REL
QB1_CL
QB1ITL
QB2_OP
QB2REL
QB2_CL
QB2ITL
QB7_OP
QB7REL
QB7_CL
QB7ITL
QC1_OP
QC1REL
QC1_CL
QC1ITL
QC2_OP
QC2REL
QC2_CL
QC2ITL
QC9_OP
QC9REL
QC9_CL
QC9ITL
QC11_OP
QB1OPTR
QC11_CL
QB1CLTR
QC21_OP
QB2OPTR
QC21_CL
QB2CLTR
QC71_OP
QB7OPTR
QC71_CL
QB7CLTR
BB7_D_OP
QB12OPTR
BC_12_CL
QB12CLTR
BC_17_OP
VPQB1TR
BC_17_CL
VPQB2TR
BC_27_OP
VPQB7TR
BC_27_CL
VPQB12TR
VOLT_OFF
VOLT_ON
VP_BB7_D
VP_BC_12
VP_BC_17
VP_BC_27
EXDU_ES
EXDU_BPB
EXDU_BC
QB9_EX1
QB9_EX2
QB1_EX1
QB1_EX2
QB1_EX3
QB2_EX1
QB2_EX2
QB2_EX3
QB7_EX1
QB7_EX2
QB7_EX3
QB7_EX4
IEC05000357-2-en.vsd
IEC05000357 V2 EN
Figure 373:
664
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.4.10.3
Logic diagram
QA1_OP
QA1_CL
QB9_OP
QB9_CL
QB1_OP
QB1_CL
QB2_OP
QB2_CL
QB7_OP
QB7_CL
QC1_OP
QC1_CL
QC2_OP
QC2_CL
QC9_OP
QC9_CL
QC11_OP
QC11_CL
QC21_OP
QC21_CL
QC71_OP
QC71_CL
VOLT_OFF
VOLT_ON
VPQA1
VPQC1
VPQC2
VPQC9
QA1_OP
QC1_OP
QC2_OP
QC9_OP
QB9_EX1
VPQC2
VPQC9
QC2_CL
QC9_CL
QB9_EX2
ABC_LINE
=1
VPQA1
=1
VPQB9
=1
VPQB1
=1
VPQB2
=1
VPQB7
=1
VPQC1
=1
VPQC2
=1
VPQC9
=1
VPQC11
=1
VPQC21
=1
VPQC71
=1
VPVOLT
&
&
QA1CLREL
QA1CLITL
QB9REL
QB9ITL
>1
1
&
en04000527.vsd
IEC04000527 V1 EN
665
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
VPQA1
VPQB2
VPQC1
VPQC2
VPQC11
QA1_OP
QB2_OP
QC1_OP
QC2_OP
QC11_OP
&
VPQB2
&
QB1REL
1
1
QB1ITL
EXDU_ES
QB1_EX1
VP_BC_12
QB2_CL
BC_12_CL
EXDU_BC
QB1_EX2
VPQC1
VPQC11
QC1_CL
QC11_CL
EXDU_ES
&
QB1EX3
en04000528.vsd
IEC04000528 V1 EN
666
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
VPQA1
VPQB1
VPQC1
VPQC2
VPQC21
QA1_OP
QB1_OP
QC1_OP
QC2_OP
QC21_OP
EXDU_ES
&
VPQB1
VP_BC_12
QB1_CL
BC_12_CL
EXDU_BC
&
VPQC1
VPQC21
QC1_CL
QC21_CL
EXDU_ES
&
QB2REL
1
1
QB2ITL
QB2_EX1
QB2_EX2
QB2_EX3
en04000529.vsd
IEC04000529 V1 EN
667
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
VPQC9
VPQC71
&
VP_BB7_D
QB7REL
>1
1
QB7ITL
VP_BC_17
VP_BC_27
QC9_OP
QC71_OP
EXDU_ES
BB7_D_OP
EXDU_BPB
BC_17_OP
BC_27_OP
EXDU_BC
QB7_EX1
VPQA1
VPQB1
VPQC9
VPQB9
VPQC71
VP_BB7_D
VP_BC_17
QA1_CL
QB1_CL
QC9_OP
QB9_CL
QC71_OP
EXDU_ES
&
BB7_D_OP
EXDU_BPB
BC_17_CL
EXDU_BC
QB7_EX2
IEC04000530 V1 EN
668
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
VPQA1
VPQB2
VPQC9
VPQB9
VPQC71
VP_BB7_D
VP_BC_27
QA1_CL
QB2_CL
QC9_OP
QB9_CL
QC71_OP
EXDU_ES
&
>1
BB7_D_OP
EXDU_BPB
BC_27_CL
EXDU_BC
QB7_EX3
VPQC9
VPQC71
QC9_CL
QC71_CL
EXDU_ES
QB7_EX4
VPQB1
VPQB2
VPQB9
QB1_OP
QB2_OP
QB9_OP
VPQB7
VPQB9
VPVOLT
QB7_OP
QB9_OP
VOLT_OFF
&
&
1
1
&
1
QC1REL
QC1ITL
QC2REL
QC2ITL
QC9REL
QC9ITL
en04000531.vsd
IEC04000531 V1 EN
669
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
QB1_OP
QB1_CL
VPQB1
QB1OPTR
QB1CLTR
VPQB1TR
QB2_OP
QB2_CL
VPQB2
QB2OPTR
QB2CLTR
VPQB2TR
QB7_OP
QB7_CL
VPQB7
QB7OPTR
QB7CLTR
VPQB7TR
QB1_OP
QB2_OP
VPQB1
VPQB2
>1
&
QB12OPTR
QB12CLTR
VPQB12TR
en04000532.vsd
IEC04000532 V1 EN
12.4.10.4
Default
Description
QA1_OP
BOOLEAN
QA1_CL
BOOLEAN
QB9_OP
BOOLEAN
QB9_CL
BOOLEAN
QB1_OP
BOOLEAN
QB1_CL
BOOLEAN
QB2_OP
BOOLEAN
QB2_CL
BOOLEAN
QB7_OP
BOOLEAN
QB7_CL
BOOLEAN
QC1_OP
BOOLEAN
QC1_CL
BOOLEAN
QC2_OP
BOOLEAN
QC2_CL
BOOLEAN
QC9_OP
BOOLEAN
QC9_CL
BOOLEAN
QC11_OP
BOOLEAN
QC11_CL
BOOLEAN
QC21_OP
BOOLEAN
670
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Name
Type
Default
Description
QC21_CL
BOOLEAN
QC71_OP
BOOLEAN
QC71_CL
BOOLEAN
BB7_D_OP
BOOLEAN
BC_12_CL
BOOLEAN
BC_17_OP
BOOLEAN
BC_17_CL
BOOLEAN
BC_27_OP
BOOLEAN
BC_27_CL
BOOLEAN
VOLT_OFF
BOOLEAN
VOLT_ON
BOOLEAN
VP_BB7_D
BOOLEAN
VP_BC_12
BOOLEAN
VP_BC_17
BOOLEAN
VP_BC_27
BOOLEAN
EXDU_ES
BOOLEAN
EXDU_BPB
BOOLEAN
EXDU_BC
BOOLEAN
QB9_EX1
BOOLEAN
QB9_EX2
BOOLEAN
QB1_EX1
BOOLEAN
QB1_EX2
BOOLEAN
QB1_EX3
BOOLEAN
QB2_EX1
BOOLEAN
QB2_EX2
BOOLEAN
QB2_EX3
BOOLEAN
QB7_EX1
BOOLEAN
671
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Name
Default
Description
BOOLEAN
QB7_EX3
BOOLEAN
QB7_EX4
BOOLEAN
Table 376:
Name
12.4.11
Type
QB7_EX2
Description
QA1CLREL
BOOLEAN
QA1CLITL
BOOLEAN
QB9REL
BOOLEAN
QB9ITL
BOOLEAN
QB1REL
BOOLEAN
QB1ITL
BOOLEAN
QB2REL
BOOLEAN
QB2ITL
BOOLEAN
QB7REL
BOOLEAN
QB7ITL
BOOLEAN
QC1REL
BOOLEAN
QC1ITL
BOOLEAN
QC2REL
BOOLEAN
QC2ITL
BOOLEAN
QC9REL
BOOLEAN
QC9ITL
BOOLEAN
QB1OPTR
BOOLEAN
QB1CLTR
BOOLEAN
QB2OPTR
BOOLEAN
QB2CLTR
BOOLEAN
QB7OPTR
BOOLEAN
QB7CLTR
BOOLEAN
QB12OPTR
BOOLEAN
QB12CLTR
BOOLEAN
VPQB1TR
BOOLEAN
VPQB2TR
BOOLEAN
VPQB7TR
BOOLEAN
VPQB12TR
BOOLEAN
672
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.4.11.1
Introduction
The interlocking for transformer bay (AB_TRAFO) function is used for a
transformer bay connected to a double busbar arrangement according to figure 374.
The function is used when there is no disconnector between circuit breaker and
transformer. Otherwise, the interlocking for line bay (ABC_LINE) function can be
used. This function can also be used in single busbar arrangements.
WA1 (A)
WA2 (B)
QB1
QB2
QC1
QA1
AB_TRAFO
QC2
T
QC3
QA2
QC4
QB3
QB4
en04000515.vsd
IEC04000515 V1 EN
Figure 374:
673
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.4.11.2
Function block
AB_TRAFO
QA1_OP
QA1CLREL
QA1_CL
QA1CLITL
QB1_OP
QB1REL
QB1_CL
QB1ITL
QB2_OP
QB2REL
QB2_CL
QB2ITL
QC1_OP
QC1REL
QC1_CL
QC1ITL
QC2_OP
QC2REL
QC2_CL
QC2ITL
QB3_OP
QB1OPTR
QB3_CL
QB1CLTR
QB4_OP
QB2OPTR
QB4_CL
QB2CLTR
QC3_OP
QB12OPTR
QC3_CL
QB12CLTR
QC11_OP
VPQB1TR
QC11_CL
VPQB2TR
QC21_OP
VPQB12TR
QC21_CL
BC_12_CL
VP_BC_12
EXDU_ES
EXDU_BC
QA1_EX1
QA1_EX2
QA1_EX3
QB1_EX1
QB1_EX2
QB1_EX3
QB2_EX1
QB2_EX2
QB2_EX3
IEC05000358-2-en.vsd
IEC05000358 V2 EN
Figure 375:
674
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.4.11.3
Logic diagram
QA1_OP
QA1_CL
QB1_OP
QB1_CL
QB2_OP
QB2_CL
QC1_OP
QC1_CL
QC2_OP
QC2_CL
QB3_OP
QB3_CL
QB4_OP
QB4_CL
QC3_OP
QC3_CL
QC11_OP
QC11_CL
QC21_OP
QC21_CL
VPQB1
VPQB2
VPQC1
VPQC2
VPQB3
VPQB4
VPQC3
QA1_EX2
QC3_OP
QA1_EX3
QC1_CL
QC2_CL
QC3_CL
QA1_EX1
AB_TRAFO
=1
VPQA1
=1
VPQB1
=1
VPQB2
=1
VPQC1
=1
VPQC2
=1
VPQB3
=1
VPQB4
=1
VPQC3
=1
VPQC11
=1
VPQC21
QA1CLREL
QA1CLITL
&
>1
&
en04000538.vsd
IEC04000538 V1 EN
VPQA1
VPQB2
VPQC1
VPQC2
VPQC3
VPQC11
QA1_OP
QB2_OP
QC1_OP
QC2_OP
QC3_OP
QC11_OP
EXDU_ES
QB1_EX1
VPQB2
VPQC3
VP_BC_12
QB2_CL
QC3_OP
BC_12_CL
EXDU_BC
QB1_EX2
VPQC1
VPQC2
VPQC3
VPQC11
QC1_CL
QC2_CL
QC3_CL
QC11_CL
EXDU_ES
QB1_EX3
&
>1
1
QB1REL
QB1ITL
&
&
en04000539.vsd
IEC04000539 V1 EN
675
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
VPQA1
VPQB1
VPQC1
VPQC2
VPQC3
VPQC21
QA1_OP
QB1_OP
QC1_OP
QC2_OP
QC3_OP
QC21_OP
EXDU_ES
QB2_EX1
VPQB1
VPQC3
VP_BC_12
QB1_CL
QC3_OP
BC_12_CL
EXDU_BC
QB2_EX2
VPQC1
VPQC2
VPQC3
VPQC21
QC1_CL
QC2_CL
QC3_CL
QC21_CL
EXDU_ES
QB2_EX3
&
>1
1
QB2REL
QB2ITL
&
&
en04000540.vsd
IEC04000540 V1 EN
VPQB1
VPQB2
VPQB3
VPQB4
QB1_OP
QB2_OP
QB3_OP
QB4_OP
&
1
1
QC1REL
QC1ITL
QC2REL
QC2ITL
QB1_OP
QB1_CL
VPQB1
QB1OPTR
QB1CLTR
VPQB1TR
QB2_OP
QB2_CL
VPQB2
QB1_OP
QB2_OP
VPQB1
VPQB2
QB2OPTR
QB2CLTR
VPQB2TR
QB12OPTR
QB12CLTR
VPQB12TR
>1
&
en04000541.vsd
IEC04000541 V1 EN
12.4.11.4
Default
Description
QA1_OP
BOOLEAN
QA1_CL
BOOLEAN
QB1_OP
BOOLEAN
QB1_CL
BOOLEAN
QB2_OP
BOOLEAN
QB2_CL
BOOLEAN
QC1_OP
BOOLEAN
QC1_CL
BOOLEAN
Section 12
Control
Name
Type
Default
Description
QC2_OP
BOOLEAN
QC2_CL
BOOLEAN
QB3_OP
BOOLEAN
QB3_CL
BOOLEAN
QB4_OP
BOOLEAN
QB4_CL
BOOLEAN
QC3_OP
BOOLEAN
QC3_CL
BOOLEAN
QC11_OP
BOOLEAN
QC11_CL
BOOLEAN
QC21_OP
BOOLEAN
QC21_CL
BOOLEAN
BC_12_CL
BOOLEAN
VP_BC_12
BOOLEAN
EXDU_ES
BOOLEAN
EXDU_BC
BOOLEAN
QA1_EX1
BOOLEAN
QA1_EX2
BOOLEAN
QA1_EX3
BOOLEAN
QB1_EX1
BOOLEAN
QB1_EX2
BOOLEAN
QB1_EX3
BOOLEAN
QB2_EX1
BOOLEAN
QB2_EX2
BOOLEAN
QB2_EX3
BOOLEAN
Table 378:
Name
Description
QA1CLREL
BOOLEAN
QA1CLITL
BOOLEAN
QB1REL
BOOLEAN
QB1ITL
BOOLEAN
QB2REL
BOOLEAN
QB2ITL
BOOLEAN
QC1REL
BOOLEAN
QC1ITL
BOOLEAN
QC2REL
BOOLEAN
Section 12
Control
Name
Type
Description
QC2ITL
BOOLEAN
QB1OPTR
BOOLEAN
QB1CLTR
BOOLEAN
QB2OPTR
BOOLEAN
QB2CLTR
BOOLEAN
QB12OPTR
BOOLEAN
QB12CLTR
BOOLEAN
VPQB1TR
BOOLEAN
VPQB2TR
BOOLEAN
VPQB12TR
BOOLEAN
12.4.12
12.4.12.1
Introduction
Position evaluation (POS_EVAL) function converts the input position data signal
POSITION, consisting of value, time and signal status, to binary signals
OPENPOS or CLOSEPOS.
The output signals are used by other functions in the interlocking scheme.
12.4.12.2
Logic diagram
Position including quality
POSITION
POS_EVAL
OPENPOS
CLOSEPOS
Open/close position of
switch device
IEC08000469-1-en.vsd
IEC08000469-1-EN V1 EN
Only the value, open/close, and status is used in this function. Time information is
not used.
Input position (Value)
Signal quality
Output OPENPOS
Output CLOSEPOS
0 (Breaker
intermediate)
Good
1 (Breaker open)
Good
2 (Breaker closed)
Good
3 (Breaker faulty)
Good
Any
Invalid
Any
Oscillatory
678
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.4.12.3
Function block
POSITION
POS_EVAL
OPENPOS
CLOSEPOS
IEC09000079_1_en.vsd
IEC09000079 V1 EN
Figure 376:
12.4.12.4
Name
Type
POSITION
Table 380:
INTEGER
Type
Description
OPENPOS
BOOLEAN
Open position
CLOSEPOS
BOOLEAN
Close position
12.5.1
Description
Name
12.5
Default
IEC 61850
identification
SLGGIO
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
-
Introduction
The logic rotating switch for function selection and LHMI presentation function
(SLGGIO) (or the selector switch function block) is used to get a selector switch
functionality similar to the one provided by a hardware selector switch. Hardware
selector switches are used extensively by utilities, in order to have different
functions operating on pre-set values. Hardware switches are however sources for
maintenance issues, lower system reliability and an extended purchase portfolio.
The logic selector switches eliminate all these problems.
12.5.2
Principle of operation
The logic rotating switch for function selection and LHMI presentation (SLGGIO)
function has two operating inputs UP and DOWN. When a signal is received on
the UP input, the block will activate the output next to the present activated output,
679
Section 12
Control
in ascending order (if the present activated output is 3 for example and one
operates the UP input, then the output 4 will be activated). When a signal is
received on the DOWN input, the block will activate the output next to the present
activated output, in descending order (if the present activated output is 3 for
example and one operates the DOWN input, then the output 2 will be activated).
Depending on the output settings the output signals can be steady or pulsed. In case
of steady signals, in case of UP or DOWN operation, the previously active output
will be deactivated. Also, depending on the settings one can have a time delay
between the UP or DOWN activation signal positive front and the output activation.
Besides the inputs visible in the application configuration in the Application
Configuration tool, there are other possibilities that will allow an user to set the
desired position directly (without activating the intermediate positions), either
locally or remotely, using a select before execute dialog. One can block the
function operation, by activating the BLOCK input. In this case, the present
position will be kept and further operation will be blocked. The operator place
(local or remote) is specified through the PSTO input. If any operation is allowed
the signal INTONE from the Fixed signal function block can be connected.
SLGGIO function block has also an integer value output, that generates the actual
position number. The positions and the block names are fully settable by the user.
These names will appear in the menu, so the user can see the position names
instead of a number.
680
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.5.2.1
Control
Measurements
Events
Disturbance records
Settings
Diagnostics
Test
Reset
Authorization
Language
Ctrl/Com
Single Command
Selector Switch (GGIO)
3
../Com/Sel Sw/
SLGGIO3
Damage ctrl
../Ctrl/Com/Sel Sw
SLGGIO1
SLGGIO2
..
..
SLGGIO15
../Com/Sel Sw/
SLGGIO3
Damage ctrl
P:Disc All
OK
N: Disc Fe
Cancel
4
5
../Com/Sel Sw/
DmgCtrl
Damage ctrl:
IEC06000420-2-en.vsd
IEC06000420 V2 EN
Figure 377:
Example 1 on handling the switch from the local HMI.
From the local HMI:
1 SLGGIO instances in the ACT application configuration
2 Switch name given by the user (max 13 characters)
3 Position number, up to 32 positions
4 Change position
5 New position
12.5.2.2
Graphical display
There are two possibilities for SLGGIO
681
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
if it is used just for the monitoring, the switches will be listed with their actual
position names, as defined by the user (max. 13 characters).
if it is used for control, the switches will be listed with their actual positions,
but only the first three letters of the name will be used.
In both cases, the switch full name will be shown, but the user has to redefine it
when building the Graphical Display Editor, under the "Caption". If used for the
control, the following sequence of commands will ensure:
../Control/SLD/Switch
SMBRREC control
WFM
Pilot setup
OFF
Damage control
DAL
Control
Measurements
Events
Disturbance records
Settings
Diagnostics
Test
Reset
Authorization
Language
E
The pos will not be modified
(outputs will not be activated) until
you press the E-button for O.K.
Control
Single Line Diagram
Commands
../Control/SLD/Switch
SMBRREC control
WFM
Pilot setup
OFF
P: Disc
OK
N: Disc Fe
Cancel
../Control/SLD/Switch
SMBRREC control
WFM
Pilot setup
OFF
Damage control
DFW
IEC06000421-2-en.vsd
IEC06000421 V2 EN
Figure 378:
Example 2 on handling the switch from the local HMI.
From the single line diagram on local HMI.
682
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.5.3
Function block
SLGGIO
BLOCK
PSTO
UP
DOWN
^SWPOS01
^SWPOS02
^SWPOS03
^SWPOS04
^SWPOS05
^SWPOS06
^SWPOS07
^SWPOS08
^SWPOS09
^SWPOS10
^SWPOS11
^SWPOS12
^SWPOS13
^SWPOS14
^SWPOS15
^SWPOS16
^SWPOS17
^SWPOS18
^SWPOS19
^SWPOS20
^SWPOS21
^SWPOS22
^SWPOS23
^SWPOS24
^SWPOS25
^SWPOS26
^SWPOS27
^SWPOS28
^SWPOS29
^SWPOS30
^SWPOS31
^SWPOS32
SWPOSN
IEC05000658-2-en.vsd
IEC05000658 V2 EN
Figure 379:
12.5.4
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
PSTO
INTEGER
UP
BOOLEAN
DOWN
BOOLEAN
Table 382:
Name
Type
Description
SWPOS01
BOOLEAN
SWPOS02
BOOLEAN
SWPOS03
BOOLEAN
SWPOS04
BOOLEAN
SWPOS05
BOOLEAN
683
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Name
12.5.5
Table 383:
Name
Type
Description
SWPOS06
BOOLEAN
SWPOS07
BOOLEAN
SWPOS08
BOOLEAN
SWPOS09
BOOLEAN
SWPOS10
BOOLEAN
SWPOS11
BOOLEAN
SWPOS12
BOOLEAN
SWPOS13
BOOLEAN
SWPOS14
BOOLEAN
SWPOS15
BOOLEAN
SWPOS16
BOOLEAN
SWPOS17
BOOLEAN
SWPOS18
BOOLEAN
SWPOS19
BOOLEAN
SWPOS20
BOOLEAN
SWPOS21
BOOLEAN
SWPOS22
BOOLEAN
SWPOS23
BOOLEAN
SWPOS24
BOOLEAN
SWPOS25
BOOLEAN
SWPOS26
BOOLEAN
SWPOS27
BOOLEAN
SWPOS28
BOOLEAN
SWPOS29
BOOLEAN
SWPOS30
BOOLEAN
SWPOS31
BOOLEAN
SWPOS32
BOOLEAN
SWPOSN
INTEGER
Setting parameters
SLGGIO Non group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off/On
NrPos
2 - 32
32
OutType
Pulsed
Steady
Steady
684
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
tPulse
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.200
tDelay
0.000 - 60000.000
0.010
0.000
StopAtExtremes
Disabled
Enabled
Disabled
12.6
Step
Description
12.6.1
Default
IEC 61850
identification
VSGGIO
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
-
Introduction
The Selector mini switch VSGGIO function block is a multipurpose function used
for a variety of applications, as a general purpose switch.
VSGGIO can be controlled from the menu or from a symbol on the single line
diagram (SLD) on the local HMI.
12.6.2
Principle of operation
Selector mini switch (VSGGIO) function can be used for double purpose, in the
same way as switch controller (SCSWI) functions are used:
for indication on the single line diagram (SLD). Position is received through
the IPOS1 and IPOS2 inputs and distributed in the configuration through the
POS1 and POS2 outputs, or to IEC 61850 through reporting, or GOOSE.
for commands that are received via the local HMI or IEC 61850 and
distributed in the configuration through outputs CMDPOS12 and CMDPOS21.
The output CMDPOS12 is set when the function receives a CLOSE command
from the local HMI when the SLD is displayed and the object is chosen.
The output CMDPOS21 is set when the function receives an OPEN command
from the local HMI when the SLD is displayed and the object is chosen.
It is important for indication in the SLD that the a symbol is
associated with a controllable object, otherwise the symbol won't be
displayed on the screen. A symbol is created and configured in
GDE tool in PCM600.
The PSTO input is connected to the Local remote switch to have a selection of
operators place , operation from local HMI (Local) or through IEC 61850
685
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.6.3
IPOS2
PosUndefined
P00
Position1
P01
Position2
P10
PosBadState
P11
Function block
VSGGIO
BLOCK
PSTO
IPOS1
IPOS2
BLOCKED
POSITION
POS1
POS2
CMDPOS12
CMDPOS21
IEC06000508-2-en.vsd
IEC06000508 V3 EN
Figure 380:
12.6.4
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
PSTO
INTEGER
IPOS1
BOOLEAN
IPOS2
BOOLEAN
Table 385:
Name
Type
Description
BLOCKED
BOOLEAN
POSITION
INTEGER
POS1
BOOLEAN
686
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Name
12.6.5
Table 386:
Type
Description
POS2
BOOLEAN
CMDPOS12
BOOLEAN
CMDPOS21
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
VSGGIO Non group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
CtlModel
Dir Norm
SBO Enh
Dir Norm
Mode
Steady
Pulsed
Pulsed
Operation mode
tSelect
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
30.000
tPulse
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.200
12.7
12.7.1
IEC 61850
identification
DPGGIO
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
-
Introduction
The IEC 61850 generic communication I/O functions (DPGGIO) function block is
used to send double indications to other systems or equipment in the substation. It
is especially used in the interlocking and reservation station-wide logics.
12.7.2
Principle of operation
Upon receiving the input signals, the IEC 61850 generic communication I/O
functions (DPGGIO) function block will send the signals over IEC 61850-8-1 to
the equipment or system that requests these signals. To be able to get the signals,
other tools must be used, as described in the application manual, to PCM600 must
be used to define which function block in which equipment or system should
receive this information.
687
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.7.3
Function block
DPGGIO
OPEN
CLOSE
VALID
POSITION
IEC07000200-2-en.vsd
IEC07000200 V2 EN
Figure 381:
12.7.4
Name
Type
Description
BOOLEAN
Open indication
CLOSE
BOOLEAN
Close indication
VALID
BOOLEAN
Valid indication
Table 388:
Name
POSITION
12.7.5
Default
OPEN
Type
INTEGER
Description
Double point indication
Settings
The function does not have any parameters available in the local HMI or PCM600.
12.8
12.8.1
IEC 61850
identification
SPC8GGIO
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
-
Introduction
The Single point generic control 8 signals (SPC8GGIO) function block is a
collection of 8 single point commands, designed to bring in commands from
REMOTE (SCADA) to those parts of the logic configuration that do not need
extensive command receiving functionality (for example, SCSWI). In this way,
simple commands can be sent directly to the IED outputs, without confirmation.
Confirmation (status) of the result of the commands is supposed to be achieved by
688
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
other means, such as binary inputs and SPGGIO function blocks. The commands
can be pulsed or steady.
12.8.2
Principle of operation
The PSTO input will determine which the allowed position for the operator
(LOCAL, REMOTE, ALL) is. Upon sending a command from an allowed operator
position, one of the 8 outputs will be activated. The settings Latchedx and tPulsex
(where x is the respective output) will determine if the signal will be pulsed (and
how long the pulse is) or latched (steady). BLOCK will block the operation of the
function in case a command is sent, no output will be activated.
PSTO is the universal operator place selector for all control
functions. Even if PSTO can be configured to allow LOCAL or
ALL operator positions, the only functional position usable with the
SPC8GGIO function block is REMOTE.
12.8.3
Function block
SPC8GGIO
BLOCK
PSTO
^OUT1
^OUT2
^OUT3
^OUT4
^OUT5
^OUT6
^OUT7
^OUT8
IEC07000143-2-en.vsd
IEC07000143 V2 EN
Figure 382:
12.8.4
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
PSTO
INTEGER
Table 390:
Name
Description
OUT1
BOOLEAN
Output 1
OUT2
BOOLEAN
Output2
OUT3
BOOLEAN
Output3
OUT4
BOOLEAN
Output4
Section 12
Control
Name
12.8.5
Table 391:
Name
Type
Description
OUT5
BOOLEAN
Output5
OUT6
BOOLEAN
Output6
OUT7
BOOLEAN
Output7
OUT8
BOOLEAN
Output8
Setting parameters
SPC8GGIO Non group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off/On
Latched1
Pulsed
Latched
Pulsed
tPulse1
0.01 - 6000.00
0.01
0.10
Latched2
Pulsed
Latched
Pulsed
tPulse2
0.01 - 6000.00
0.01
0.10
Latched3
Pulsed
Latched
Pulsed
tPulse3
0.01 - 6000.00
0.01
0.10
Latched4
Pulsed
Latched
Pulsed
tPulse4
0.01 - 6000.00
0.01
0.10
Latched5
Pulsed
Latched
Pulsed
tPulse5
0.01 - 6000.00
0.01
0.10
Latched6
Pulsed
Latched
Pulsed
tPulse6
0.01 - 6000.00
0.01
0.10
Latched7
Pulsed
Latched
Pulsed
tPulse7
0.01 - 6000.00
0.01
0.10
Latched8
Pulsed
Latched
Pulsed
tPulse8
0.01 - 6000.00
0.01
0.10
12.9
690
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Function description
AutomationBits, command function for
DNP3
12.9.1
IEC 61850
identification
AUTOBITS
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
-
Introduction
AutomationBits function for DNP3 (AUTOBITS) is used within PCM600 to get
into the configuration of the commands coming through the DNP3 protocol. The
AUTOBITS function plays the same role as functions GOOSEBINRCV (for IEC
61850) and MULTICMDRCV (for LON).
12.9.2
Principle of operation
AutomationBits function (AUTOBITS) has 32 individual outputs which each can
be mapped as a Binary Output point in DNP3. The output is operated by a "Object
12" in DNP3. This object contains parameters for control-code, count, on-time and
off-time. To operate an AUTOBITS output point, send a control-code of latch-On,
latch-Off, pulse-On, pulse-Off, Trip or Close. The remaining parameters will be
regarded were appropriate. ex: pulse-On, on-time=100, off-time=300, count=5
would give 5 positive 100 ms pulses, 300 ms apart.
There is a BLOCK input signal, which will disable the operation of the function, in
the same way the setting Operation: On/Off does. That means that, upon activation
of the BLOCK input, all 32 CMDBITxx outputs will be set to 0. The BLOCK acts
like an overriding, the function still receives data from the DNP3 master. Upon
deactivation of BLOCK, all the 32 CMDBITxx outputs will be set by the DNP3
master again, momentarily. For AUTOBITS , the PSTO input determines the
operator place. The command can be written to the block while in Remote. If
PSTO is in Local then no change is applied to the outputs.
691
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
12.9.3
Function block
AUTOBITS
BLOCK
PSTO
^CMDBIT1
^CMDBIT2
^CMDBIT3
^CMDBIT4
^CMDBIT5
^CMDBIT6
^CMDBIT7
^CMDBIT8
^CMDBIT9
^CMDBIT10
^CMDBIT11
^CMDBIT12
^CMDBIT13
^CMDBIT14
^CMDBIT15
^CMDBIT16
^CMDBIT17
^CMDBIT18
^CMDBIT19
^CMDBIT20
^CMDBIT21
^CMDBIT22
^CMDBIT23
^CMDBIT24
^CMDBIT25
^CMDBIT26
^CMDBIT27
^CMDBIT28
^CMDBIT29
^CMDBIT30
^CMDBIT31
^CMDBIT32
IEC09000925-1-en.vsd
IEC09000925 V1 EN
Figure 383:
12.9.4
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
PSTO
INTEGER
Table 393:
Name
Description
CMDBIT1
BOOLEAN
CMDBIT2
BOOLEAN
CMDBIT3
BOOLEAN
CMDBIT4
BOOLEAN
CMDBIT5
BOOLEAN
CMDBIT6
BOOLEAN
CMDBIT7
BOOLEAN
CMDBIT8
BOOLEAN
Section 12
Control
Name
12.9.5
Table 394:
Description
BOOLEAN
CMDBIT10
BOOLEAN
CMDBIT11
BOOLEAN
CMDBIT12
BOOLEAN
CMDBIT13
BOOLEAN
CMDBIT14
BOOLEAN
CMDBIT15
BOOLEAN
CMDBIT16
BOOLEAN
CMDBIT17
BOOLEAN
CMDBIT18
BOOLEAN
CMDBIT19
BOOLEAN
CMDBIT20
BOOLEAN
CMDBIT21
BOOLEAN
CMDBIT22
BOOLEAN
CMDBIT23
BOOLEAN
CMDBIT24
BOOLEAN
CMDBIT25
BOOLEAN
CMDBIT26
BOOLEAN
CMDBIT27
BOOLEAN
CMDBIT28
BOOLEAN
CMDBIT29
BOOLEAN
CMDBIT30
BOOLEAN
CMDBIT31
BOOLEAN
CMDBIT32
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
AUTOBITS Non group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Operation
Table 395:
Type
CMDBIT9
Off
On
Unit
-
Step
-
Default
Off
Description
Operation Off / On
Name
Operation
Values (Range)
Off
On
Unit
-
Step
-
Default
Off
Description
Operation mode Off / On
693
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Table 396:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
Serial-Mode
Off
Operation mode
BaudRate
300 Bd
600 Bd
1200 Bd
2400 Bd
4800 Bd
9600 Bd
19200 Bd
9600 Bd
WireMode
Four-wire
Two-wire
Two-wire
Table 397:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
DLinkConfirm
Never
Sometimes
Always
Never
Data-link confirm
tDLinkTimeout
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
2.000
DLinkRetries
0 - 255
tRxToTxMinDel
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
Rx to Tx minimum delay in s
ApLayMaxRxSize
20 - 2048
2048
ApLayMaxTxSize
20 - 2048
2048
StopBits
1-2
Stop bits
Parity
No
Even
Odd
Even
Parity
tRTSWarmUp
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
RTS warm-up in s
tRTSWarmDown
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
RTS warm-down in s
tBackOffDelay
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.050
tMaxRndDelBkOf
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.100
Table 398:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
TCP/IP
UDP-Only
Off
Operation mode
TCPIPLisPort
1 - 65535
20000
UDPPortAccData
1 - 65535
20000
UDPPortInitNUL
1 - 65535
20000
UDPPortCliMast
0 - 65535
694
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Table 399:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
ApLayMaxRxSize
20 - 2048
2048
ApLayMaxTxSize
20 - 2048
2048
Table 400:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
TCP/IP
UDP-Only
Off
Operation mode
TCPIPLisPort
1 - 65535
20000
UDPPortAccData
1 - 65535
20000
UDPPortInitNUL
1 - 65535
20000
UDPPortCliMast
0 - 65535
Table 401:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
ApLayMaxRxSize
20 - 2048
2048
ApLayMaxTxSize
20 - 2048
2048
Table 402:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
TCP/IP
UDP-Only
Off
Operation mode
TCPIPLisPort
1 - 65535
20000
UDPPortAccData
1 - 65535
20000
UDPPortInitNUL
1 - 65535
20000
UDPPortCliMast
0 - 65535
Table 403:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
ApLayMaxRxSize
20 - 2048
2048
ApLayMaxTxSize
20 - 2048
2048
695
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Table 404:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
TCP/IP
UDP-Only
Off
Operation mode
TCPIPLisPort
1 - 65535
20000
UDPPortAccData
1 - 65535
20000
UDPPortInitNUL
1 - 65535
20000
UDPPortCliMast
0 - 65535
Table 405:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
ApLayMaxRxSize
20 - 2048
2048
ApLayMaxTxSize
20 - 2048
2048
Table 406:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
SlaveAddress
0 - 65519
Slave address
MasterAddres
0 - 65519
Master address
Obj1DefVar
1:BISingleBit
2:BIWithStatus
1:BISingleBit
Obj2DefVar
1:BIChWithoutTim
e
2:BIChWithTime
3:BIChWithRelTim
e
3:BIChWithRelTim
e
Obj4DefVar
1:DIChWithoutTim
e
2:DIChWithTime
3:DIChWithRelTim
e
3:DIChWithRelTim
e
Obj10DefVar
1:BO
2:BOStatus
2:BOStatus
Obj20DefVar
1:BinCnt32
2:BinCnt16
5:BinCnt32WoutF
6:BinCnt16WoutF
5:BinCnt32WoutF
696
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Obj22DefVar
1:BinCnt32EvWout
T
2:BinCnt16EvWout
T
5:BinCnt32EvWith
T
6:BinCnt16EvWith
T
1:BinCnt32EvWou
tT
Obj30DefVar
1:AI32Int
2:AI16Int
3:AI32IntWithoutF
4:AI16IntWithoutF
5:AI32FltWithF
6:AI64FltWithF
3:AI32IntWithoutF
Obj32DefVar
1:AI32IntEvWoutF
2:AI16IntEvWoutF
3:AI32IntEvWithFT
4:AI16IntEvWithFT
5:AI32FltEvWithF
6:AI64FltEvWithF
7:AI32FltEvWithFT
8:AI64FltEvWithFT
1:AI32IntEvWoutF
Table 407:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
ValMasterAddr
No
Yes
Yes
AddrQueryEnbl
No
Yes
Yes
tApplConfTout
0.00 - 300.00
0.01
10.00
ApplMultFrgRes
No
Yes
Yes
ConfMultFrag
No
Yes
Yes
UREnable
No
Yes
Yes
URSendOnline
No
Yes
No
UREvClassMask
Off
Class 1
Class 2
Class 1 and 2
Class 3
Class 1 and 3
Class 2 and 3
Class 1, 2 and 3
Off
UROfflineRetry
0 - 10
tURRetryDelay
0.00 - 60.00
0.01
5.00
tUROfflRtryDel
0.00 - 60.00
0.01
30.00
UREvCntThold1
1 - 100
Section 12
Control
Name
Unit
Step
Default
tUREvBufTout1
0.00 - 60.00
0.01
5.00
UREvCntThold2
1 - 100
tUREvBufTout2
0.00 - 60.00
0.01
5.00
UREvCntThold3
1 - 100
tUREvBufTout3
0.00 - 60.00
0.01
5.00
DelOldBufFull
No
Yes
No
tSynchTimeout
30 - 3600
1800
TSyncReqAfTout
No
Yes
No
DNPToSetTime
No
Yes
Yes
Averag3TimeReq
No
Yes
No
PairedPoint
No
Yes
Yes
tSelectTimeout
1.0 - 60.0
0.1
30.0
Select timeout
Step
Default
Table 408:
Name
Values (Range)
Description
Unit
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
SlaveAddress
0 - 65519
Slave address
MasterAddres
0 - 65519
Master address
ValMasterAddr
No
Yes
Yes
MasterIP-Addr
0 - 18
IP
Address
0.0.0.0
Master IP-address
MasterIPNetMsk
0 - 18
IP
Address
255.255.255.255
Obj1DefVar
1:BISingleBit
2:BIWithStatus
1:BISingleBit
Obj2DefVar
1:BIChWithoutTim
e
2:BIChWithTime
3:BIChWithRelTim
e
3:BIChWithRelTim
e
Obj3DefVar
1:DIWithoutFlag
2:DIWithFlag
1:DIWithoutFlag
698
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Obj4DefVar
1:DIChWithoutTim
e
2:DIChWithTime
3:DIChWithRelTim
e
3:DIChWithRelTim
e
Obj10DefVar
1:BO
2:BOStatus
2:BOStatus
Obj20DefVar
1:BinCnt32
2:BinCnt16
5:BinCnt32WoutF
6:BinCnt16WoutF
5:BinCnt32WoutF
Obj22DefVar
1:BinCnt32EvWout
T
2:BinCnt16EvWout
T
5:BinCnt32EvWith
T
6:BinCnt16EvWith
T
1:BinCnt32EvWou
tT
Obj30DefVar
1:AI32Int
2:AI16Int
3:AI32IntWithoutF
4:AI16IntWithoutF
5:AI32FltWithF
6:AI64FltWithF
3:AI32IntWithoutF
Obj32DefVar
1:AI32IntEvWoutF
2:AI16IntEvWoutF
3:AI32IntEvWithFT
4:AI16IntEvWithFT
5:AI32FltEvWithF
6:AI64FltEvWithF
7:AI32FltEvWithFT
8:AI64FltEvWithFT
1:AI32IntEvWoutF
Table 409:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
AddrQueryEnbl
No
Yes
Yes
tApplConfTout
0.00 - 300.00
0.01
10.00
ApplMultFrgRes
No
Yes
Yes
ConfMultFrag
No
Yes
Yes
UREnable
No
Yes
Yes
UREvClassMask
Off
Class 1
Class 2
Class 1 and 2
Class 3
Class 1 and 3
Class 2 and 3
Class 1, 2 and 3
Off
699
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
UROfflineRetry
0 - 10
tURRetryDelay
0.00 - 60.00
0.01
5.00
tUROfflRtryDel
0.00 - 60.00
0.01
30.00
UREvCntThold1
1 - 100
tUREvBufTout1
0.00 - 60.00
0.01
5.00
UREvCntThold2
1 - 100
tUREvBufTout2
0.00 - 60.00
0.01
5.00
UREvCntThold3
1 - 100
tUREvBufTout3
0.00 - 60.00
0.01
5.00
DelOldBufFull
No
Yes
No
ExtTimeFormat
LocalTime
UTC
UTC
DNPToSetTime
No
Yes
No
tSynchTimeout
30 - 3600
1800
TSyncReqAfTout
No
Yes
No
Averag3TimeReq
No
Yes
No
PairedPoint
No
Yes
Yes
tSelectTimeout
1.0 - 60.0
0.1
30.0
Select timeout
tBrokenConTout
0 - 3600
tKeepAliveT
0 - 3600
10
Keep-Alive timer
Table 410:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
SlaveAddress
0 - 65519
Slave address
MasterAddres
0 - 65519
Master address
ValMasterAddr
No
Yes
Yes
MasterIP-Addr
0 - 18
IP
Address
0.0.0.0
Master IP-address
700
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
MasterIPNetMsk
0 - 18
IP
Address
255.255.255.255
Obj1DefVar
1:BISingleBit
2:BIWithStatus
1:BISingleBit
Obj2DefVar
1:BIChWithoutTim
e
2:BIChWithTime
3:BIChWithRelTim
e
3:BIChWithRelTim
e
Obj3DefVar
1:DIWithoutFlag
2:DIWithFlag
1:DIWithoutFlag
Obj4DefVar
1:DIChWithoutTim
e
2:DIChWithTime
3:DIChWithRelTim
e
3:DIChWithRelTim
e
Obj10DefVar
1:BO
2:BOStatus
2:BOStatus
Obj20DefVar
1:BinCnt32
2:BinCnt16
5:BinCnt32WoutF
6:BinCnt16WoutF
5:BinCnt32WoutF
Obj22DefVar
1:BinCnt32EvWout
T
2:BinCnt16EvWout
T
5:BinCnt32EvWith
T
6:BinCnt16EvWith
T
1:BinCnt32EvWou
tT
Obj30DefVar
1:AI32Int
2:AI16Int
3:AI32IntWithoutF
4:AI16IntWithoutF
5:AI32FltWithF
6:AI64FltWithF
3:AI32IntWithoutF
Obj32DefVar
1:AI32IntEvWoutF
2:AI16IntEvWoutF
3:AI32IntEvWithFT
4:AI16IntEvWithFT
5:AI32FltEvWithF
6:AI64FltEvWithF
7:AI32FltEvWithFT
8:AI64FltEvWithFT
1:AI32IntEvWoutF
Table 411:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
AddrQueryEnbl
No
Yes
Yes
tApplConfTout
0.00 - 300.00
0.01
10.00
ApplMultFrgRes
No
Yes
Yes
701
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
ConfMultFrag
No
Yes
Yes
UREnable
No
Yes
Yes
UREvClassMask
Off
Class 1
Class 2
Class 1 and 2
Class 3
Class 1 and 3
Class 2 and 3
Class 1, 2 and 3
Off
UROfflineRetry
0 - 10
tURRetryDelay
0.00 - 60.00
0.01
5.00
tUROfflRtryDel
0.00 - 60.00
0.01
30.00
UREvCntThold1
1 - 100
tUREvBufTout1
0.00 - 60.00
0.01
5.00
UREvCntThold2
1 - 100
tUREvBufTout2
0.00 - 60.00
0.01
5.00
UREvCntThold3
1 - 100
tUREvBufTout3
0.00 - 60.00
0.01
5.00
DelOldBufFull
No
Yes
No
ExtTimeFormat
LocalTime
UTC
UTC
DNPToSetTime
No
Yes
No
tSynchTimeout
30 - 3600
1800
TSyncReqAfTout
No
Yes
No
Averag3TimeReq
No
Yes
No
PairedPoint
No
Yes
Yes
tSelectTimeout
1.0 - 60.0
0.1
30.0
Select timeout
tBrokenConTout
0 - 3600
tKeepAliveT
0 - 3600
10
Keep-Alive timer
702
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Table 412:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
SlaveAddress
0 - 65519
Slave address
MasterAddres
0 - 65519
Master address
ValMasterAddr
No
Yes
Yes
MasterIP-Addr
0 - 18
IP
Address
0.0.0.0
Master IP-address
MasterIPNetMsk
0 - 18
IP
Address
255.255.255.255
Obj1DefVar
1:BISingleBit
2:BIWithStatus
1:BISingleBit
Obj2DefVar
1:BIChWithoutTim
e
2:BIChWithTime
3:BIChWithRelTim
e
3:BIChWithRelTim
e
Obj3DefVar
1:DIWithoutFlag
2:DIWithFlag
1:DIWithoutFlag
Obj4DefVar
1:DIChWithoutTim
e
2:DIChWithTime
3:DIChWithRelTim
e
3:DIChWithRelTim
e
Obj10DefVar
1:BO
2:BOStatus
2:BOStatus
Obj20DefVar
1:BinCnt32
2:BinCnt16
5:BinCnt32WoutF
6:BinCnt16WoutF
5:BinCnt32WoutF
Obj22DefVar
1:BinCnt32EvWout
T
2:BinCnt16EvWout
T
5:BinCnt32EvWith
T
6:BinCnt16EvWith
T
1:BinCnt32EvWou
tT
Obj30DefVar
1:AI32Int
2:AI16Int
3:AI32IntWithoutF
4:AI16IntWithoutF
5:AI32FltWithF
6:AI64FltWithF
3:AI32IntWithoutF
Obj32DefVar
1:AI32IntEvWoutF
2:AI16IntEvWoutF
3:AI32IntEvWithFT
4:AI16IntEvWithFT
5:AI32FltEvWithF
6:AI64FltEvWithF
7:AI32FltEvWithFT
8:AI64FltEvWithFT
1:AI32IntEvWoutF
703
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Table 413:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
AddrQueryEnbl
No
Yes
Yes
tApplConfTout
0.00 - 300.00
0.01
10.00
ApplMultFrgRes
No
Yes
Yes
ConfMultFrag
No
Yes
Yes
UREnable
No
Yes
Yes
UREvClassMask
Off
Class 1
Class 2
Class 1 and 2
Class 3
Class 1 and 3
Class 2 and 3
Class 1, 2 and 3
Off
UROfflineRetry
0 - 10
tURRetryDelay
0.00 - 60.00
0.01
5.00
tUROfflRtryDel
0.00 - 60.00
0.01
30.00
UREvCntThold1
1 - 100
tUREvBufTout1
0.00 - 60.00
0.01
5.00
UREvCntThold2
1 - 100
tUREvBufTout2
0.00 - 60.00
0.01
5.00
UREvCntThold3
1 - 100
tUREvBufTout3
0.00 - 60.00
0.01
5.00
DelOldBufFull
No
Yes
No
ExtTimeFormat
LocalTime
UTC
UTC
DNPToSetTime
No
Yes
No
tSynchTimeout
30 - 3600
1800
TSyncReqAfTout
No
Yes
No
Averag3TimeReq
No
Yes
No
PairedPoint
No
Yes
Yes
704
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Name
Unit
Step
Default
tSelectTimeout
1.0 - 60.0
0.1
30.0
Select timeout
tBrokenConTout
0 - 3600
tKeepAliveT
0 - 3600
10
Keep-Alive timer
Table 414:
Values (Range)
Description
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
SlaveAddress
0 - 65519
Slave address
MasterAddres
0 - 65519
Master address
ValMasterAddr
No
Yes
Yes
MasterIP-Addr
0 - 18
IP
Address
0.0.0.0
Master IP-address
MasterIPNetMsk
0 - 18
IP
Address
255.255.255.255
Obj1DefVar
1:BISingleBit
2:BIWithStatus
1:BISingleBit
Obj2DefVar
1:BIChWithoutTim
e
2:BIChWithTime
3:BIChWithRelTim
e
3:BIChWithRelTim
e
Obj3DefVar
1:DIWithoutFlag
2:DIWithFlag
1:DIWithoutFlag
Obj4DefVar
1:DIChWithoutTim
e
2:DIChWithTime
3:DIChWithRelTim
e
3:DIChWithRelTim
e
Obj10DefVar
1:BO
2:BOStatus
2:BOStatus
Obj20DefVar
1:BinCnt32
2:BinCnt16
5:BinCnt32WoutF
6:BinCnt16WoutF
5:BinCnt32WoutF
705
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Obj22DefVar
1:BinCnt32EvWout
T
2:BinCnt16EvWout
T
5:BinCnt32EvWith
T
6:BinCnt16EvWith
T
1:BinCnt32EvWou
tT
Obj30DefVar
1:AI32Int
2:AI16Int
3:AI32IntWithoutF
4:AI16IntWithoutF
5:AI32FltWithF
6:AI64FltWithF
3:AI32IntWithoutF
Obj32DefVar
1:AI32IntEvWoutF
2:AI16IntEvWoutF
3:AI32IntEvWithFT
4:AI16IntEvWithFT
5:AI32FltEvWithF
6:AI64FltEvWithF
7:AI32FltEvWithFT
8:AI64FltEvWithFT
1:AI32IntEvWoutF
Table 415:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
AddrQueryEnbl
No
Yes
Yes
tApplConfTout
0.00 - 300.00
0.01
10.00
ApplMultFrgRes
No
Yes
Yes
ConfMultFrag
No
Yes
Yes
UREnable
No
Yes
Yes
UREvClassMask
Off
Class 1
Class 2
Class 1 and 2
Class 3
Class 1 and 3
Class 2 and 3
Class 1, 2 and 3
Off
UROfflineRetry
0 - 10
tURRetryDelay
0.00 - 60.00
0.01
5.00
tUROfflRtryDel
0.00 - 60.00
0.01
30.00
UREvCntThold1
1 - 100
tUREvBufTout1
0.00 - 60.00
0.01
5.00
UREvCntThold2
1 - 100
Section 12
Control
Name
Unit
Step
Default
tUREvBufTout2
0.00 - 60.00
0.01
5.00
UREvCntThold3
1 - 100
tUREvBufTout3
0.00 - 60.00
0.01
5.00
DelOldBufFull
No
Yes
No
ExtTimeFormat
LocalTime
UTC
UTC
DNPToSetTime
No
Yes
No
tSynchTimeout
30 - 3600
1800
TSyncReqAfTout
No
Yes
No
Averag3TimeReq
No
Yes
No
PairedPoint
No
Yes
Yes
tSelectTimeout
1.0 - 60.0
0.1
30.0
Select timeout
tBrokenConTout
0 - 3600
tKeepAliveT
0 - 3600
10
Keep-Alive timer
12.10
Values (Range)
12.10.1
Description
IEC 61850
identification
SINGLECMD
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
-
Introduction
The IEDs can receive commands either from a substation automation system or
from the local HMI. The command function block has outputs that can be used, for
example, to control high voltage apparatuses or for other user defined functionality.
12.10.2
Principle of operation
Single command, 16 signals (SINGLECMD) function has 16 binary output signals.
The outputs can be individually controlled from a substation automation system or
from the local HMI. Each output signal can be given a name with a maximum of
13 characters in PCM600.
707
Technical reference manual
Section 12
Control
The output signals can be of the types Off, Steady, or Pulse. This configuration
setting is done via the local HMI or PCM600 and is common for the whole
function block. The length of the output pulses are 100 ms. In steady mode,
SINGLECMD function has a memory to remember the output values at power
interruption of the IED. Also a BLOCK input is available used to block the
updating of the outputs.
The output signals, OUT1 to OUT16, are available for configuration to built-in
functions or via the configuration logic circuits to the binary outputs of the IED.
12.10.3
Function block
SINGLECMD
BLOCK
^OUT1
^OUT2
^OUT3
^OUT4
^OUT5
^OUT6
^OUT7
^OUT8
^OUT9
^OUT10
^OUT11
^OUT12
^OUT13
^OUT14
^OUT15
^OUT16
IEC05000698-2-en.vsd
IEC05000698 V3 EN
Figure 384:
12.10.4
Table 417:
Name
Default
0
Description
Block single command function
Description
OUT1
BOOLEAN
OUT2
BOOLEAN
OUT3
BOOLEAN
OUT4
BOOLEAN
OUT5
BOOLEAN
OUT6
BOOLEAN
OUT7
BOOLEAN
OUT8
BOOLEAN
OUT9
BOOLEAN
Section 12
Control
Name
12.10.5
Table 418:
Type
Description
OUT10
BOOLEAN
OUT11
BOOLEAN
OUT12
BOOLEAN
OUT13
BOOLEAN
OUT14
BOOLEAN
OUT15
BOOLEAN
OUT16
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
SINGLECMD Non group settings (basic)
Name
Mode
Values (Range)
Off
Steady
Pulsed
Unit
-
Step
-
Default
Off
Description
Operation mode
709
Technical reference manual
710
Section 13
Scheme communication
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.1
13.1.1
IEC 61850
identification
ZCPSCH
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
85
Introduction
To achieve instantaneous fault clearance for all line faults, a scheme
communication logic is provided. All types of communication schemes for
example, permissive underreaching, permissive overreaching, blocking,
unblocking, intertrip are available.
The built-in communication module (LDCM) can be used for scheme
communication signaling when included.
Phase segregated communication is also available for correct operation at
simultaneous faults when three distance protection communication channels are
available between the line ends.
711
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.1.2
Principle of operation
Depending on whether a reverse or forward directed impedance zone is used to
issue the send signal, the communication schemes are divided into Blocking and
Permissive schemes, respectively.
A permissive scheme is inherently faster and has better security against false
tripping than a blocking scheme. On the other hand, a permissive scheme depends
on a received signal for a fast trip, so its dependability is lower than that of a
blocking scheme.
13.1.2.1
Blocking scheme
The principle of operation for a blocking scheme is that an overreaching zone is
allowed to trip instantaneously after the settable co-ordination time tCoord has
elapsed, when no signal is received from the remote IED.
The received signal, which shall be connected to CR, is used to not release the zone
to be accelerated to clear the fault instantaneously (after time tCoord). The
overreaching zone to be accelerated is connected to the input CACC, see figure 385.
In case of external faults, the blocking signal (CR) must be received before the
settable timer tCoord elapses, to prevent a false trip, see figure 385.
The function can be totally blocked by activating the input BLOCK, block of trip
by activating the input BLKTR, Block of signal send by activating the input BLKCS.
tCoord
CACC
CR
AND
TRIP
en05000512.vsd
IEC05000512 V1 EN
Figure 385:
13.1.2.2
712
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
tCoord
CACC
CR
AND
TRIP
en05000513.vsd
IEC05000513 V1 EN
Figure 386:
13.1.2.3
13.1.2.4
Unblocking scheme
In unblocking scheme, the lower dependability in permissive scheme is overcome
by using the loss of guard signal from the communication equipment to locally
create a receive signal. It is common or suitable to use the function when older, less
reliable, power-line carrier (PLC) communication is used.
The unblocking function uses a guard signal CRG, which must always be present,
even when no CR signal is received. The absence of the CRG signal for a time
longer than the setting tSecurity time is used as a CR signal, see figure 387. This
also enables a permissive scheme to operate when the line fault blocks the signal
transmission.
The received signal created by the unblocking function is reset 150 ms after the
security timer has elapsed. When that occurs an output signal LCG is activated for
signalling purpose. The unblocking function is reset 200 ms after that the guard
signal is present again.
713
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
CR
1
tSecurity
t
CRG
200 ms
t
CRL
>1
150 ms
AND
OR
AND
LCG
en05000746.vsd
IEC05000746 V1 EN
Figure 387:
The unblocking function can be set in three operation modes (setting Unblock):
Off
No restart
Restart
13.1.2.5
Intertrip scheme
In the direct intertrip scheme, the send signal CS is sent from an underreaching
zone that is tripping the line.
The received signal CR is directly transferred to a TRIP for tripping without local
criteria. The signal is further processed in the tripping logic.
In case of single-pole tripping in multi-phase systems, a phase selection is performed.
13.1.2.6
714
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
Unblock =Off
CR
Unblock =
NoRestart
Unblock =
Restart
CRG
CRL
CRL
OR
AND
tSecurit
y
1
200 ms
t
AND
150 ms
OR
AND
LCG
AND
SchemeType =
Intertrip
CSUR
tSendMi
n
BLOCK
CSBLK
CRL
AND
OR
AND
OR
Schemetype =
Permissive UR
AND
AND
CACC
CS
OR
tCoord
OR
25 ms
t
TRIP
Schemetype =
Permissive OR
OR
CSOR
AND
AND
tSendMin
OR
AND
SchemeType =
Blocking
BLKCS
AND
IEC05000515-2-en.vsd
IEC05000515 V2 EN
Figure 388:
715
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.1.3
Function block
ZCPSCH
BLOCK
BLKTR
BLKCS
CSBLK
CACC
CSOR
CSUR
CR
CRG
TRIP
CS
CRL
LCG
IEC06000286-2-en.vsd
IEC06000286 V2 EN
Figure 389:
13.1.4
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
BLKTR
BOOLEAN
BLKCS
BOOLEAN
CSBLK
BOOLEAN
CACC
BOOLEAN
CSOR
BOOLEAN
CSUR
BOOLEAN
CR
BOOLEAN
CRG
BOOLEAN
Table 420:
Name
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
Trip output
CS
BOOLEAN
CRL
BOOLEAN
LCG
BOOLEAN
716
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.1.5
Table 421:
Setting parameters
ZCPSCH Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
SchemeType
Off
Intertrip
Permissive UR
Permissive OR
Blocking
Permissive UR
Scheme type
tCoord
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.035
tSendMin
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.100
Table 422:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Unblock
Off
NoRestart
Restart
Off
tSecurity
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.035
13.1.6
Technical data
Table 423:
Function
Range or value
Accuracy
Scheme type
Intertrip
Permissive Underreach
Permissive Overreach
Blocking
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
Off
NoRestart
Restart
717
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.2
13.2.1
IEC 61850
identification
ZC1PPSCH
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
85
Introduction
Communication between line ends is used to achieve fault clearance for all faults
on a power line. All possible types of communication schemes for example,
permissive underreach, permissive overreach and blocking schemes are available.
To manage problems with simultaneous faults on parallel power lines phase
segregated communication is needed. This will then replace the standard Scheme
communication logic for distance or Overcurrent protection (ZCPSCH) on
important lines where three communication channels (in each subsystem) are
available for the distance protection communication.
The main purpose of the Phase segregated scheme communication logic for
distance protection (ZC1PPSCH) function is to supplement the distance protection
function such that:
fast clearance of faults is also achieved at the line end for which the faults are
on the part of the line not covered by its underreaching zone.
correct phase selection can be maintained to support single-pole tripping for
faults occurring anywhere on the entire length of a double circuit line.
To accomplish this, three separate communication channels, that is, one per phase,
each capable of transmitting a signal in each direction is required.
ZC1PPSCH can be completed with the current reversal and WEI logic for phase
segregated communication, when found necessary in Blocking and Permissive
overreaching schemes.
13.2.2
Principle of operation
Depending on whether a reverse or forward directed impedance zone is used to
issue the send signal, the communication schemes are divided into Blocking and
Permissive schemes, respectively.
A permissive scheme is inherently faster and has better security against false
tripping than a blocking scheme. On the other hand, a permissive scheme depends
on a received signal for a fast trip, so its dependability is lower than that of a
blocking scheme.
718
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.2.2.1
Blocking scheme
The principle of operation for a blocking scheme is that an overreaching zone is
allowed to trip instantaneously after the settable co-ordination time tCoord has
elapsed, when no signal is received from the remote IED. The received signal (sent
by a reverse looking element in the remote IED), which shall be connected to
CRLx, is used to not release the zone to be accelerated to clear the fault
instantaneously (after time tCoord). The overreaching zone to be accelerated is
connected to the input CACCLx, see figure 390. In case of external faults, the
blocking signal (CRLx) must be received before the settable timer tCoord elapses,
to prevent an unneccesary trip, see figure 390.
ZC1PPSCH can be totally blocked by activating the input BLOCK, block of trip is
achieved by activating the input BLKTRLx, Block of carrier send is done by
activating the input BLKCSLx.
CACCLx
CRLx
tCoord
AND
25 ms
TRLx
IEC06000310_2_en.vsd
IEC06000310 V2 EN
Figure 390:
13.2.2.2
Section 13
Scheme communication
overreaching zone (connected to CACCLx) to trip after the tCoord timer has
elapsed. The tCoord is in permissive underreach schemes normally set to zero. The
logic for trip carrier in permissive scheme is shown in figure 391. Three channels
for communication in each direction must be available.
CACCLx
CRLx
AND
tCoord
t
25 ms
t
TRLx
IEC07000088_2_en.vsd
IEC07000088 V2 EN
Figure 391:
13.2.2.3
13.2.2.4
Unblocking scheme
In an unblocking scheme, the lower dependability in permissive scheme is
overcome by using the loss of guard signal from the communication equipment to
locally create a carrier receive signal. It is common or suitable to use the function
when older, less reliable, power-line carrier (PLC) communication is used. As
phase segregated communication schemes uses phases individually and the PLC is
typically connected single-phase or phase-to-phase it is not possible to evaluate
which of the phases to release and the unblocking scheme has thus not been supported.
13.2.2.5
Intertrip scheme
In the direct intertrip scheme, the carrier send signal CS is sent from an
underreaching zone that is tripping the line.
The received signal per phase is directly transferred to the trip function block for
tripping without local criteria. The signal is not further processed in the phase
segregated communication logic. In case of single-pole tripping the phase selection
and logic for tripping the three phases is performed in the trip function block.
720
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.2.2.6
BLOCK
CSBLKLx
CRLx
AND
OR
AND
OR
Scheme Type =
Permissive UR
AND
AND
CACCLx
CSLx
OR
OR
tCoord
t
25 ms
t
TRLx
Scheme Type =
Permissive OR
OR
CSORLx
AND
AND
tSendMin
OR
AND
Scheme Type =
Blocking
BLKCSx
AND
CSL1
CSL2
AND
CSL2
CSL3
AND
OR
CSMPH
CSL3
CSL1
AND
CSL1
CSL2
OR
GENERAL
CSL3
IEC06000311_2_en.vsd
IEC06000311 V2 EN
Figure 392:
721
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.2.3
Function block
ZC1PPSCH
BLOCK
BLKTR
BLKTRL1
BLKTRL2
BLKTRL3
CACCL1
CACCL2
CACCL3
CSURL1
CSURL2
CSURL3
CSORL1
CSORL2
CSORL3
CSBLKL1
CSBLKL2
CSBLKL3
BLKCSL1
BLKCSL2
BLKCSL3
CRL1
CRL2
CRL3
CRMPH
TRIP
TRL1
TRL2
TRL3
CSL1
CSL2
CSL3
CSMPH
CRLL1
CRLL2
CRLL3
IEC06000427-2-en.vsd
IEC06000427 V2 EN
Figure 393:
13.2.4
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
BLKTR
BOOLEAN
BLKTRL1
BOOLEAN
BLKTRL2
BOOLEAN
BLKTRL3
BOOLEAN
CACCL1
BOOLEAN
CACCL2
BOOLEAN
CACCL3
BOOLEAN
CSURL1
BOOLEAN
CSURL2
BOOLEAN
CSURL3
BOOLEAN
722
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
Name
Type
Default
Description
CSORL1
BOOLEAN
CSORL2
BOOLEAN
CSORL3
BOOLEAN
CSBLKL1
BOOLEAN
CSBLKL2
BOOLEAN
CSBLKL3
BOOLEAN
BLKCSL1
BOOLEAN
BLKCSL2
BOOLEAN
BLKCSL3
BOOLEAN
CRL1
BOOLEAN
CRL2
BOOLEAN
CRL3
BOOLEAN
CRMPH
BOOLEAN
Table 425:
Name
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
TRL1
BOOLEAN
TRL2
BOOLEAN
TRL3
BOOLEAN
CSL1
BOOLEAN
CSL2
BOOLEAN
CSL3
BOOLEAN
CSMPH
BOOLEAN
CRLL1
BOOLEAN
CRLL2
BOOLEAN
CRLL3
BOOLEAN
723
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.2.5
Table 426:
Name
Setting parameters
ZC1PPSCH Group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation On / Off
Scheme Type
Off
Intertrip
Permissive UR
Permissive OR
Blocking
Permissive UR
Scheme type
tCoord
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
tSendMin
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.100
13.2.6
Technical data
Table 427:
Function
13.3
Accuracy
Intertrip
Permissive UR
Permissive OR
Blocking
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
Off
NoRestart
Restart
13.3.1
Range or value
Scheme type
IEC 61850
identification
ZCRWPSCH
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
85
Introduction
The current reversal function is used to prevent unwanted operations due to current
reversal when using permissive overreach protection schemes in application with
parallel lines when the overreach from the two ends overlap on the parallel line.
724
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
The weak-end infeed logic is used in cases where the apparent power behind the
protection can be too low to activate the distance protection function. When
activated, received carrier signal together with local under voltage criteria and no
reverse zone operation gives an instantaneous trip. The received signal is also
echoed back to accelerate the sending end.
Three phase or phase segregated scheme logic is available.
13.3.2
Principle of operation
13.3.2.1
IRV
tPickUpRev 10 ms tPickUpRev
t
t
t
AND
IRVBLK
tDelayRev
t
IRVL
en05000122_2_en.vsd
IEC05000122 V2 EN
Figure 394:
The preventing of sending the send signal CS and activating of the TRIP in the
scheme communication block ZCPSCH is carried out by connecting the IRVL
signal to input BLOCK in the ZCPSCH function.
The function has an internal 10 ms drop-off timer which secure that the current
reversal logic will be activated for short input signals even if the pick-up timer is
set to zero.
13.3.2.2
725
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
IEC05000123 V1 EN
Figure 395:
IEC00000551-TIFF V1 EN
Figure 396:
726
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.3.3
Function block
ZCRWPSCH
U3P*
BLOCK
IRVBLK
IRV
WEIBLK1
WEIBLK2
VTSZ
CBOPEN
CRL
IRVL
TRWEI
TRWEIL1
TRWEIL2
TRWEIL3
ECHO
IEC06000287-2-en.vsd
IEC06000287 V2 EN
Figure 397:
13.3.4
Default
Description
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
IRVBLK
BOOLEAN
IRV
BOOLEAN
WEIBLK1
BOOLEAN
WEIBLK2
BOOLEAN
VTSZ
BOOLEAN
CBOPEN
BOOLEAN
CRL
BOOLEAN
Table 429:
Name
Description
IRVL
BOOLEAN
TRWEI
BOOLEAN
TRWEIL1
BOOLEAN
TRWEIL2
BOOLEAN
TRWEIL3
BOOLEAN
ECHO
BOOLEAN
727
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.3.5
Table 430:
Name
Setting parameters
ZCRWPSCH Group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
CurrRev
Off
On
Off
tPickUpRev
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.020
tDelayRev
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.060
WEI
Off
Echo
Echo & Trip
Off
tPickUpWEI
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.010
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
UPP<
10 - 90
%UB
70
UPN<
10 - 90
%UB
70
13.3.6
Technical data
Table 431:
Function
13.4
Range or value
Accuracy
(10-90)% of UBase
0.5% of Ur
(10-90)% of UBase
0.5% of Ur
Reset ratio
<105%
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
IEC 61850
identification
ZCLCPLAL
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
-
728
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.4.1
Introduction
To achieve fast clearing of faults on the whole line, when no communication
channel is available, local acceleration logic (ZCLCPLAL) can be used. This logic
enables fast fault clearing during certain conditions, but naturally, it can not fully
replace a communication channel.
The logic can be controlled either by the autorecloser (zone extension) or by the lossof-load current (loss-of-load acceleration).
13.4.2
Principle of operation
13.4.2.1
Zone extension
The overreaching zone is connected to the input EXACC. For this reason,
configure the ARREADY functional input to a READY functional output of a used
autoreclosing function or via the selected binary input to an external autoreclosing
device, see figure 398.
This will allow the overreaching zone to trip instantaneously.
IEC05000157 V1 EN
Figure 398:
After the autorecloser initiates the close command and remains in the reclaim state,
there will be no ARREADY signal, and the protection will trip normally with step
distance time functions.
In case of a fault on the adjacent line within the overreaching zone range, an
unwanted autoreclosing cycle will occur. The step distance function at the
reclosing attempt will prevent an unwanted retrip when the breaker is reclosed.
On the other hand, at a persistent line fault on line section not covered by
instantaneous zone (normally zone 1) only the first trip will be "instantaneous".
The function will be blocked if the input BLOCK is activated (common with loss-ofload acceleration).
729
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.4.2.2
Loss-of-Load acceleration
When the "acceleration" is controlled by a loss-of-load, the overreaching zone used
for "acceleration" connected to input LLACC is not allowed to trip
"instantaneously" during normal non-fault system conditions. When all three-phase
currents have been above the set value MinCurr for more than setting tLowCurr, an
overreaching zone will be allowed to trip "instantaneously" during a fault condition
when one or two of the phase currents will become low due to a three-phase trip at
the opposite IED, see figure 399. The current measurement is performed internally
and the internal STILL signal becomes logical one under the described conditions.
The load current in a healthy phase is in this way used to indicate the tripping at the
opposite IED. Note that this function will not operate in case of three-phase faults,
because none of the phase currents will be low when the opposite IED is tripped.
IEC05000158 V1 EN
Figure 399:
Breaker closing signals can if decided be connected to block the function during
normal closing.
13.4.3
Function block
ZCLCPLAL
I3P*
BLOCK
ARREADY
NDST
EXACC
BC
LLACC
TRZE
TRLL
IEC05000333-2-en.vsd
IEC05000333 V2 EN
Figure 400:
730
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.4.4
Name
Type
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
ARREADY
BOOLEAN
NDST
BOOLEAN
EXACC
BOOLEAN
BC
BOOLEAN
Breaker Close
LLACC
BOOLEAN
Name
Table 434:
Description
I3P
Table 433:
13.4.5
Default
Type
Description
TRZE
BOOLEAN
TRLL
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
ZCLCPLAL Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
LoadCurr
1 - 100
%IB
10
LossOfLoad
Off
On
Off
ZoneExtension
Off
On
Off
MinCurr
1 - 100
%IB
tLowCurr
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.200
tLoadOn
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
tLoadOff
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.300
731
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.5
13.5.1
IEC 61850
identification
ECPSCH
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
85
Introduction
To achieve fast fault clearance of earth faults on the part of the line not covered by
the instantaneous step of the residual overcurrent protection, the directional
residual overcurrent protection can be supported with a logic that uses
communication channels.
In the directional scheme, information of the fault current direction must be
transmitted to the other line end. With directional comparison, a short operate time
of the protection including a channel transmission time, can be achieved. This short
operate time enables rapid autoreclosing function after the fault clearance.
The communication logic module for directional residual current protection
enables blocking as well as permissive under/overreaching schemes. The logic can
also be supported by additional logic for weak-end infeed and current reversal,
included in Current reversal and weak-end infeed logic for residual overcurrent
protection (ECRWPSCH) function.
13.5.2
Principle of operation
The four step directional residual overcurrent protection EF4PTOC is configured to
give input information, that is directional fault detection signals, to the ECPSCH
logic:
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.5.2.1
Blocking scheme
In the blocking scheme a signal is sent to the other line end if the directional
element detects an earth fault in the reverse direction. When the forward directional
element operates, it trips after a short time delay if no blocking signal is received
from the opposite line end. The time delay, normally 30 40 ms, depends on the
communication transmission time and a chosen safety margin.
One advantage of the blocking scheme is that only one channel (carrier frequency)
is needed if the ratio of source impedances at both end is approximately equal for
zero and positive sequence source impedances, the channel can be shared with the
impedance measuring system, if that system also works in the blocking mode. The
communication signal is transmitted on a healthy line and no signal attenuation will
occur due to the fault.
Blocking schemes are particular favorable for three-terminal applications if there is
no zero-sequence outfeed from the tapping. The blocking scheme is immune to
current reversals because the received signal is maintained long enough to avoid
unwanted operation due to current reversal. There is never any need for weak-end
infeed logic, because the strong end trips for an internal fault when no blocking
signal is received from the weak end. The fault clearing time is however generally
longer for a blocking scheme than for a permissive scheme.
If the fault is on the line, the forward direction measuring element operates. If no
blocking signal comes from the other line end via the CR binary input (received
signal) the TRIP output is activated after the tCoord set time delay.
IEC05000448 V1 EN
Figure 401:
13.5.2.2
Section 13
Scheme communication
direction. The directional element at the other line end must wait for a permissive
signal before activating a trip signal. Independent channels must be available for
the communication in each direction.
An impedance measuring IED, which works in the same type of permissive mode,
with one channel in each direction, can share the channels with the communication
scheme for residual overcurrent protection. If the impedance measuring IED works
in the permissive overreaching mode, common channels can be used in single line
applications. In case of double lines connected to a common bus at both ends, use
common channels only if the ratio Z1S/Z0S (positive through zero-sequence source
impedance) is about equal at both ends. If the ratio is different, the impedance
measuring and the directional earth-fault current system of the healthy line may
detect a fault in different directions, which could result in unwanted tripping.
Common channels cannot be used when the weak-end infeed function is used in
the distance or earth-fault protection.
In case of an internal earth-fault, the forward directed measuring element operates
and sends a permissive signal to the remote end via the CS output (sent signal).
Local tripping is permitted when the forward direction measuring element operates
and a permissive signal is received via the CR binary input (received signal).
The permissive scheme can be of either underreaching or overreaching type. In the
underreaching alternative, an underreaching directional residual overcurrent
measurement element will be used as sending criterion of the permissive input
signal CSUR.
In the overreaching alternative, an overreaching directional residual overcurrent
measurement element will be used as sending criterion of the permissive input
signal CSOR. Also the underreaching input signal CSUR can initiate sending.
734
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
BLOCK
CRL
AND
CR
25 ms
0 - 60 s
AND
CACC
AND
t
tCoord
TRIP
t
50 ms
t
AND
BLKCS
AND
Overreach
CSOR
OR
CS
AND
CSUR
OR
en05000280_2_en.vsd
IEC05000280 V2 EN
13.5.2.3
Unblocking scheme
In unblocking scheme, the lower dependability in permissive scheme is overcome
by using the loss of guard signal from the communication equipment to locally
create a receive signal. It is common or suitable to use the function when older, less
reliable, power line carrier (PLC) communication is used.
The unblocking function uses a guard signal CRG, which must always be present,
even when no CR signal is received. The absence of the CRG signal for a time
longer than the setting tSecurity time is used as a CR signal, see figure 402. This
also enables a permissive scheme to operate when the line fault blocks the signal
transmission.
The received signal created by the unblocking function is reset 150 ms after the
security timer has elapsed. When that occurs an output signal LCG is activated for
signaling purpose. The unblocking function is reset 200 ms after that the guard
signal is present again.
735
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
CR
1
tSecurity
t
CRG
200 ms
t
CRL
>1
150 ms
AND
OR
AND
LCG
en05000746.vsd
IEC05000746 V1 EN
Figure 402:
The unblocking function can be set in three operation modes (setting Unblock):
Off:
No restart:
Restart
It sends a defined (150 ms) CRL after the disappearance of the CRG signal
The function will activate LCG output in case of communication failure
If the communication failure comes and goes (<200 ms) there will not be recurrent
signaling
13.5.3
Function block
ECPSCH
BLOCK
BLKTR
BLKCS
CSBLK
CACC
CSOR
CSUR
CR
CRG
TRIP
CS
CRL
LCG
IEC06000288-2-en.vsd
IEC06000288 V2 EN
Figure 403:
736
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.5.4
Name
Type
BOOLEAN
Block of function
BLKTR
BOOLEAN
BLKCS
BOOLEAN
CSBLK
BOOLEAN
CACC
BOOLEAN
CSOR
BOOLEAN
CSUR
BOOLEAN
CR
BOOLEAN
CRG
BOOLEAN
Name
Table 437:
Description
BLOCK
Table 436:
13.5.5
Default
Type
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
CS
BOOLEAN
CRL
BOOLEAN
LCG
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
ECPSCH Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
SchemeType
Off
Intertrip
Permissive UR
Permissive OR
Blocking
Permissive UR
tCoord
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.035
tSendMin
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.100
737
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
Table 438:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Unblock
Off
NoRestart
Restart
Off
tSecurity
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.035
13.5.6
Technical data
Table 439:
Function
13.6
Range or value
Permissive Underreaching
Permissive Overreaching
Blocking
Communication scheme
coordination time
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
13.6.1
Accuracy
Scheme type
IEC 61850
identification
ECRWPSCH
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
85
Introduction
The Current reversal and weak-end infeed logic for residual overcurrent protection
ECRWPSCH is a supplement to Scheme communication logic for residual
overcurrent protection ECPSCH.
To achieve fast fault clearing for all earth faults on the line, the directional earthfault protection function can be supported with logic that uses communication
channels.
The 670 series IEDs have for this reason available additions to scheme
communication logic.
If parallel lines are connected to common busbars at both terminals, overreaching
permissive communication schemes can trip unselectively due to fault current
reversal. This unwanted tripping affects the healthy line when a fault is cleared on
the other line. This lack of security can result in a total loss of interconnection
between the two buses. To avoid this type of disturbance, a fault current reversal
logic (transient blocking logic) can be used.
738
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.6.2
Principle of operation
13.6.2.1
13.6.2.2
739
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
BLOCK
0-60 s
t
IRV
IRVBLK
tPickUpRev
10 ms
t
0-60 s
t
AND
tPickUpRev
0-60 s
t
IRVL
tDelayRev
IEC09000031-1-en.vsd
IEC09000031 V1 EN
Figure 404:
13.6.2.3
WEIBLK1
CRL
&
50 ms
t
200 ms
t
AND
ECHO
WEI = Echo
IEC09000032-1-en.vsd
IEC09000032 V1 EN
Figure 405:
With the Echo & Trip setting, the logic sends an echo according to above. Further,
it activates the TRWEI signal to trip the breaker if the echo conditions are fulfilled
and the neutral point voltage is above the set operate value for 3U0>.
The voltage signal that is used to calculate the zero sequence voltage is set in the
earth-fault function that is in operation.
740
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
BLOCK
200 ms
t
WEIBLK1
CRL
50 ms
t
AND
200 ms
t
ECHO
AND
AND
WEI = Echo&Trip
ST3U0
TRWEI
AND
CBOPEN
IEC09000020-1-en.vsd
IEC09000020 V1 EN
Figure 406:
The weak-end infeed echo sent to the strong line end has a maximum duration of
200 ms. When this time period has elapsed, the conditions that enable the echo
signal to be sent are set to zero for a time period of 50 ms. This avoids ringing
action if the weak-end echo is selected for both line ends.
13.6.3
Function block
ECRWPSCH
U3P*
BLOCK
IRVBLK
IRV
WEIBLK1
WEIBLK2
VTSZ
CBOPEN
CRL
IRVL
TRWEI
ECHO
CR
IEC06000289-2-en.vsd
IEC06000289 V2 EN
Figure 407:
13.6.4
Default
Description
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
IRVBLK
BOOLEAN
IRV
BOOLEAN
WEIBLK1
BOOLEAN
WEIBLK2
BOOLEAN
VTSZ
BOOLEAN
CBOPEN
BOOLEAN
CRL
BOOLEAN
Section 13
Scheme communication
Table 441:
Name
13.6.5
Table 442:
Name
Type
Description
IRVL
BOOLEAN
TRWEI
BOOLEAN
ECHO
BOOLEAN
CR
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
ECRWPSCH Group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
CurrRev
Off
On
Off
tPickUpRev
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.020
tDelayRev
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.060
WEI
Off
Echo
Echo & Trip
Off
tPickUpWEI
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
3U0>
5 - 70
%UB
25
13.6.6
Technical data
Table 443:
Function
Range or value
Accuracy
Off
Echo
Echo & Trip
(5-70)% of UBase
0.5% of Ur
Reset ratio
>95%
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
(0.00060.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
742
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.7
13.7.1
IEC 61850
identification
ZC1WPSCH
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
85
Introduction
Current reversal and weak-end infeed logic for phase segregated communication
(ZC1WPSCH) function is used to prevent unwanted operations due to current
reversal when using permissive overreach protection schemes in application with
parallel lines when the overreach from the two ends overlaps on the parallel line.
The weak-end infeed logic is used in cases where the apparent power behind the
protection can be too low to activate the distance protection function. When
activated, received carrier signal together with local under voltage criteria and no
reverse zone operation gives an instantaneous trip. The received signal is also
echoed back to accelerate the sending end.
13.7.2
Principle of operation
13.7.2.1
IRVLn
tPickUpRev 10 ms
t
t
tPickUpRev
t
&
IRVBLKLn
tDelayRev
t
IRVOPLn
IEC06000474_2_en.vsd
IEC06000474 V2 EN
Figure 408:
The preventing of sending carrier send signal CSLn and activating of the TRIPLn
in the Scheme communication logic for distance or Overcurrent protection
743
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
>1
tWEI
t
&
50 ms
t
ECHOLn - cont.
200 ms
t
&
WEIBLKL1
200 ms
t
WEIBLKL2
200 ms
t
ECHOLn
IEC07000085_2_en.vsd
IEC07000085 V2 EN
Figure 409:
The WEI function returns the received carrier signal, see figure 409, when:
The input CRLx is active. This input is usually connected to the CRLx output
on the scheme communication logic for distance or Overcurrent protection
(ZCPSCH).
The WEI function is not blocked by the active signal connected to the
WEIBLKLx input or to the VTSZ input. The later is usually configured to the
STGEN output of the fuse-failure function.
No active signal has been present for at least 200 ms on the WEIBLK2 input.
An OR combination of all fault detection functions (not undervoltage) as
present within the IED is usually used for this purpose.
744
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
WEI = Echo&Trip
ECHOLn - cont.
CBOPEN
STUL1N
STUL2N
AND
100 ms
t
OR
STUL3N
OR
TRWEI
AND
15 ms
t
TRWEIL1
AND
15 ms
t
TRWEIL2
AND
15 ms
t
TRWEIL3
en00000551.vsd
IEC00000551-WMF V1 EN
Figure 410:
13.7.3
Function block
ZC1WPSCH
U3P*
TRPWEI
BLOCK
TRPWEIL1
BLKZ
TRPWEIL2
CBOPEN
TRPWEIL3
CRL1
IRVOP
CRL2
IRVOPL1
CRL3
IRVOPL2
IRVL1
IRVOPL3
IRVL2
ECHO
IRVL3
ECHOL1
IRVBLKL1
ECHOL2
IRVBLKL2
ECHOL3
IRVBLKL3
WEIBLK
WEIBLKL1
WEIBLKL2
WEIBLKL3
WEIBLKOP
WEIBLKO1
WEIBLKO2
WEIBLKO3
IEC06000477-2-en.vsd
IEC06000477 V2 EN
Figure 411:
745
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.7.4
Default
Description
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
Voltage
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
BLKZ
BOOLEAN
CBOPEN
BOOLEAN
CRL1
BOOLEAN
CRL2
BOOLEAN
CRL3
BOOLEAN
IRVL1
BOOLEAN
IRVL2
BOOLEAN
IRVL3
BOOLEAN
IRVBLKL1
BOOLEAN
IRVBLKL2
BOOLEAN
IRVBLKL3
BOOLEAN
WEIBLK
BOOLEAN
WEIBLKL1
BOOLEAN
WEIBLKL2
BOOLEAN
WEIBLKL3
BOOLEAN
WEIBLKOP
BOOLEAN
WEIBLKO1
BOOLEAN
WEIBLKO2
BOOLEAN
WEIBLKO3
BOOLEAN
Table 445:
Name
Description
TRPWEI
BOOLEAN
TRPWEIL1
BOOLEAN
TRPWEIL2
BOOLEAN
TRPWEIL3
BOOLEAN
IRVOP
BOOLEAN
IRVOPL1
BOOLEAN
IRVOPL2
BOOLEAN
IRVOPL3
BOOLEAN
746
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
Name
13.7.5
Table 446:
Type
Description
ECHO
BOOLEAN
ECHOL1
BOOLEAN
ECHOL2
BOOLEAN
ECHOL3
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
ZC1WPSCH Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
OperCurrRev
Off
On
Off
tPickUpRev
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.020
tDelayRev
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.060
OperationWEI
Off
Echo
Echo & Trip
Off
UPE<
10 - 90
%UB
70
UPP<
10 - 90
%UB
70
tPickUpWEI
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.010
13.7.6
Technical data
Table 447:
Function
13.8
Description
Range or value
Accuracy
(10-90)% of UBase
0.5% of Ur
(10-90)% of UBase
0.5% of Ur
Reset ratio
<105%
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
747
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.8.1
Introduction
Direct transfer trip (DTT) logic is used together with Line distance protection
function or other type of line protection. One typical example for use of transfer
trip is given below. When Line distance protection function is extended to cover
power lines feeding the transformer directly and there is a fault in transformer
differential area, the transformer differential protection operates faster than line
protection. A trip command is sent to the remote end of the line. On remote end,
before sending a trip command to the circuit breaker, the certainty of a fault
condition is ensured by checking local criterion in DTT logic.
CR
TRIP
CS
DTT
TRIP
IDIFF>
VT1
Xsource
Line
CT1
CT2
CT3
Power
Transformer
Source
Load
en03000120.vsd
IEC03000120 V1 EN
Figure 412:
On receiving the CR signal from remote end, Direct transfer trip logic needs to
check additional local criterion, before sending the trip signal to circuit breaker.
DTT logic can be handled in the following separate application functions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
748
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
CR1
CR2
Impedance protection
Low impedance protection
Breaker Failure
CR1
CR2
Zero sequence overcurrent
protection
Analog input
I3P
LocalCheck
Negative sequence overcurrent
protection
CB Trip output
LCCRPTRC
U3P
OR
IEC09000773-1-en.vsd
IEC09000773 V1 EN
Figure 413:
13.8.2
13.8.2.1
IEC 61850
identification
LAPPGAPC
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
37_55
Introduction
Low active power and power factor protection (LAPPGAPC) function measures
power flow. It can be used for protection and monitoring of:
749
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.8.2.2
Principle of operation
Low active power and low power factor protection (LAPPGAPC) calculates power
and power factor from voltage and current values. Trip signal must be set
independently for low active power and low power factor condition after definite
time delay.
Active power calculation
LAPPGAPC calculates single phase complex power of L1, L2 and L3 loop by
following equations. From this complex apparent power, the real and imaginary
parts can be respective active and reactive power values of respective phases. All
the apparent power values given out of the function are absolute values. The active
power is the real part of the calculated apparent power.
S L1 = U L1 I L1
EQUATION2243 V1 EN
(Equation 147)
S L2 = U L2 IL2
EQUATION2244 V1 EN
(Equation 148)
S L3 = U L3 I L3
EQUATION2245 V1 EN
(Equation 149)
pf L1
PL1
S L1
EQUATION2246 V1 EN
(Equation 150)
750
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
pf L 2
PL 2
SL2
(Equation 151)
EQUATION2247 V1 EN
pf L 3
PL 3
SL3
(Equation 152)
EQUATION2248 V1 EN
I3P
TRLAP
Calculation P and
pf
U3P
STLPFLx
pf < pf<
TRLPFLx
IEC10000011-1-en.vsd
IEC10000011 V1 EN
Figure 414:
Logic diagram of Low active power and low power factor protection
(LAPPGAPC)
751
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.8.2.3
Function block
LAPPGAPC
I3P*
U3P*
BLOCK
BLKTR
TRLAP
TRLPF
TRLPFL1
TRLPFL2
TRLPFL3
STLAP
STLPF
STLAPL1
STLAPL2
STLAPL3
STLPFL1
STLPFL2
STLPFL3
IEC09000763-1-en.vsd
IEC09000763 V1 EN
Figure 415:
13.8.2.4
Default
Description
I3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
BLKTR
BOOLEAN
Table 449:
Name
Description
TRLAP
BOOLEAN
TRLPF
BOOLEAN
TRLPFL1
BOOLEAN
TRLPFL2
BOOLEAN
TRLPFL3
BOOLEAN
STLAP
BOOLEAN
STLPF
BOOLEAN
STLAPL1
BOOLEAN
STLAPL2
BOOLEAN
STLAPL3
BOOLEAN
STLPFL1
BOOLEAN
STLPFL2
BOOLEAN
STLPFL3
BOOLEAN
752
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.8.2.5
Table 450:
Setting parameters
LAPPGAPC Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off/On
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
SBase
1 - 50000
MVA
1200
OperationLAP
Off
On
Off
OpMode
2 out of 3
1 out of 3
2 out of 3
LAP<
2.0 - 100.0
%SB
0.1
5.0
tOpLAP
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.010
OperationLPF
Off
On
Off
LPF<
0.00 - 1.00
0.01
0.40
tOpLPF
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.010
13.8.2.6
Technical data
Table 451:
Function
Range or value
Accuracy
(2.0-100.0)% of SBase
1,0% of Sr
<105%
Transient overreach,
low active power
<20 % at = 100 ms
0.00-1.00
1,0% of Sr
<105%
Transient overreach,
low power factor
<20 % at = 100 ms
Timers
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
10 ms typically
753
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.8.3
IEC 61850
identification
13.8.3.1
IEC 60617
identification
COUVGAPC
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
59_27
Introduction
Compensated over and undervoltage protection (COUVGAPC) function calculates
the remote end voltage of the transmission line utilizing local measured voltage,
current and with the help of transmission line parameters, that is, line resistance,
reactance, capacitance and local shunt reactor. For protection of long transmission
line for in zone faults, COUVGAPCcan be incorporated with local criteria within
direct transfer trip logic to ensure tripping of the line only under abnormal conditions.
13.8.3.2
Principle of operation
Compensated over and undervoltage protection (COUVGAPC) function is phase
segregated and mainly used for local criteria check in Direct transfer trip. The
principle is to utilize local measured voltage and current to calculate the voltage at
the remote end of the line.
The main measured inputs to COUVGAPC are three-phase voltage and current
signals. COUVGAPCuses line resistance, reactance and line charging capacitance
to calculate the remote end voltage. It also takes the input for local shunt reactor,
connected at the line side of the line breaker, reactance value. The calculated
voltage is referred to as compensated voltage.
STOV
TROV
Over voltage
U3P
t
Compensated
voltage calculation
SWIPOS
EnShuntReactor
STOVLx
comparator
I3P
TRIPOVLx
STUVLx
&
Under voltage
comparator
TRIPUVLx
TRUV
STUV
IEC09000782-1-en.vsd
IEC09000782 V1 EN
Figure 416:
754
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
Ulocal
Ilocal
Xsr
Xcp
X sr =
UN
QN
(Equation 153)
EQUATION2249 V1 EN
Where:
UN
QN
If total line capacitance (Ctotal) is known then half line capacitive reactance:
X cp
2
wCtotal
EQUATION2250 V1 EN
(Equation 154)
X cp
= 2 X cTotal
EQUATION2251 V1 EN
(Equation 155)
755
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.8.3.3
Function block
COUVGAPC
I3P*
U3P*
BLOCK
BLKTR
SWIPOS
TRUV
TROV
TRUVL1
TRUVL2
TRUVL3
TROVL1
TROVL2
TROVL3
STUV
STOV
STUVL1
STUVL2
STUVL3
STOVL1
STOVL2
STOVL3
IEC09000764-1-en.vsd
IEC09000764 V1 EN
Figure 417:
13.8.3.4
Default
Description
I3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
BLKTR
BOOLEAN
SWIPOS
BOOLEAN
Table 453:
Name
Description
TRUV
BOOLEAN
TROV
BOOLEAN
TRUVL1
BOOLEAN
TRUVL2
BOOLEAN
TRUVL3
BOOLEAN
TROVL1
BOOLEAN
756
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
Name
13.8.3.5
Table 454:
Type
Description
TROVL2
BOOLEAN
TROVL3
BOOLEAN
STUV
BOOLEAN
STOV
BOOLEAN
STUVL1
BOOLEAN
STUVL2
BOOLEAN
STUVL3
BOOLEAN
STOVL1
BOOLEAN
STOVL2
BOOLEAN
STOVL3
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
COUVGAPC Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off/On
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
OperationUV
Off
On
On
U<
1 - 100
%UB
70
tUV
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
1.000
OperationOV
Off
On
On
U>
1 - 200
%UB
120
tOV
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
5.000
Table 455:
Name
HystAbs
Values (Range)
0.0 - 100.0
Unit
%UB
Step
0.1
Default
0.5
Description
Hysteresis absolute for compensated
over/under voltage in % of UBase
757
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
Table 456:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
R1
0.01 - 3000.00
ohm
0.01
5.00
X1
0.01 - 3000.00
ohm
0.01
40.00
Xc
1.00 - 10000.00
ohm
0.01
1000.00
EnShuntReactor
Off
On
On
Xsh
1.00 - 10000.00
ohm
0.01
1500.00
13.8.3.6
Technical data
Table 457:
Function
13.8.4
Range or value
Accuracy
Operate value,
undervoltage
(1-100)% of UBase
0,5% of Ur
Reset ratio,
undervoltage
<105%
15 ms typically
Operate value,
overvoltage
(1-200)% of UBase
0.5% of Ur at U<Ur
0.5% of U at U>Ur
Reset ratio,
overvoltage
>95%
10 ms typically
Timers
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
IEC 61850
identification
SCCVPTOC
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
51
758
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.8.4.1
Introduction
Sudden change in current variation (SCCVPTOC) function is a fast way of finding
any abnormality in line currents. When there is a fault in the system, the current
changes faster than the voltage. SCCVPTOC finds abnormal condition based on
phase-to-phase current variation. The main application is as a local criterion to
increase security when transfer trips are used.
13.8.4.2
Principle of operation
Sudden change in current variation (SCCVPTOC) function calculates the variation
in phase-to-phase current and gives the START output when this variation crosses
the sum of start level and float threshold for a time of tDelay. The variation is
calculated for all the three phase-to-phase currents.
The variation in the current is calculated using the following equation:
Di = i ( t ) - 2 i ( t - T ) + i ( t - 2T )
EQUATION2252 V1 EN
Where:
i(t)
i(t-T)
Amplitude of the current at the instant exactly one cycle time before
i(t-2T)
Amplitude of the current at the instant exactly two cycle time before
Criteria:
+ I >)
EQUATION2253 V1 EN
(Equation 156)
DIT
1 2T -1
Di ( t - n )
T n =T
EQUATION2254 V1 EN
(Equation 157)
759
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.8.4.3
Function block
SCCVPTOC
I3P*
BLOCK
BLKTR
TRIP
START
IEC09000765-1-en.vsd
IEC09000765 V1 EN
Figure 418:
13.8.4.4
Name
Type
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
BLKTR
BOOLEAN
Name
Table 460:
Name
Description
GROUP
SIGNAL
Table 459:
13.8.4.5
Default
I3P
Type
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
SCCVPTOC Group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off/On
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
I>
0 - 100
%IB
20
tHold
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.500
Table 461:
Name
tDelay
Unit
0.000 - 0.005
Step
0.001
Default
0.002
Description
Time delay for start and trip signals
760
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.8.4.6
Technical data
Table 462:
Function
13.8.5
13.8.5.1
Range or value
Accuracy
Operate value,
overcurrent
(0 - 100)% of IBase
1,0% of Ir
Reset ratio,
overcurrent
>95%
Timers
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
IEC 61850
identification
LCCRPTRC
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
94
Introduction
In Direct transfer trip (DTT) scheme, the received CR signal gives the trip to the
circuit breaker after checking certain local criteria functions in order to increase the
security of the overall tripping functionality. Carrier receive logic (LCCRPTRC)
function gives final trip output of the DTT scheme.
Features:
13.8.5.2
Principle of operation
The functionality of the Carrier receive logic (LCCRPTRC) is to release the TRIP
signal for DTT scheme based on the LOCTRL1, LOCTRL2, LOCTRL3, and
LOCTR signals coming from local criterion, and the Carrier receive signals CR1
and CR2. There are two modes of operation 1 out of 2 and 2 out of 2. In the case of
the 1 out of 2 mode if any one of the carrier signal is received then the trip signals
will be released, and in 2 out of 2 mode both the CRs should be high to release trip
signal. If any one of the channel error signals is high in 2 out of 2 mode, then logic
automatically switches to 1 out of 2 mode after a time delay of 200 ms. After
switching to 1/2 mode under channel error condition and if channel error gets
cleared the mode will switch back only after a time delay of 200 ms.
If the input channel error signal is high then the respective carrier receive signal
will be blocked.
761
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
The complete function can be blocked by setting the BLOCK input high.
13.8.5.3
Function block
LCCRPTRC
BLOCK
LOCTR
LOCTRL1
LOCTRL2
LOCTRL3
CHERR1
CHERR2
CR1
CR2
TRIP
TRL1
TRL2
TRL3
IEC09000766-1-en.vsd
IEC09000766 V1 EN
Figure 419:
13.8.5.4
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
LOCTR
BOOLEAN
LOCTRL1
BOOLEAN
LOCTRL2
BOOLEAN
LOCTRL3
BOOLEAN
CHERR1
BOOLEAN
CHERR2
BOOLEAN
CR1
BOOLEAN
Carrier receive 1
CR2
BOOLEAN
Carrier receive 2
Table 464:
Name
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
Common trip
TRL1
BOOLEAN
Trip phase 1
TRL2
BOOLEAN
Trip phase 2
TRL3
BOOLEAN
Trip phase 3
762
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.8.5.5
Table 465:
Setting parameters
LCCRPTRC Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off/On
ChMode
2 Out Of 2
1 Out Of 2
2 Out Of 2
tOperate
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.100
13.8.5.6
13.8.6
Technical data
Table 466:
Function
Range or value
1 Out Of 2
2 Out Of 2
Timer
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
13.8.6.1
Accuracy
Operation mode
IEC 61850
identification
LCNSPTOV
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
47
Introduction
Negative sequence components are present in all types of fault condition. Negative
sequence voltage and current get high values during unsymmetrical faults.
13.8.6.2
Principle of operation
Negative sequence over voltage protection (LCNSPTOV) is a definite time stage
comparator function. The negative sequence input voltage from the SMAI block is
connected as input to the function through a group connection U3P in PCM600.
This voltage is compared against the preset value and a start signal will be set high
if the input negative sequence voltage is greater than the preset value U2>. Trip
signal will be set high after a time delay setting of tU2. There is a BLOCK input
which will block the complete function. BLKTR will block the trip output. The
negative sequence voltage is also available as service value output U2.
763
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.8.6.3
Function block
LCNSPTOV
U3P*
BLOCK
BLKTR
TRIP
START
IEC09000767-1-en.vsd
IEC09000767 V1 EN
Figure 420:
13.8.6.4
Name
Type
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
BLKTR
BOOLEAN
Name
Table 469:
Name
Description
GROUP
SIGNAL
Table 468:
13.8.6.5
Default
U3P
Type
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
LCNSPTOV Group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off/On
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400
U2>
1 - 200
%UB
10
tU2
0.000 - 120.000
0.001
2.000
764
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.8.6.6
13.8.7
Technical data
Table 470:
Function
Range or value
(1-200)% of UBase
0.5% of Ur at U<Ur
0.5% of U at U>Ur
>95%
20 ms typically at 0 to 2xUset
25 ms typically at 2 to 0xUset
10 ms typically at 0 to 2xUset
15 ms typically
Timers
(0.000-120.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
13.8.7.1
Accuracy
Operate value,
negative sequence
overvoltage
IEC 61850
identification
LCZSPTOV
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
59N
Introduction
Zero sequence components are present in all abnormal conditions involving earth.
They can reach considerably high values during earth faults.
13.8.7.2
Principle of operation
Zero sequence over voltage protection (LCZSPTOV) is a definite time stage
comparator function. The zero sequence input voltage from the SMAI block is
connected as input to the function through a group connection U3P in PCM600.
This voltage is compared against the preset value and a start signal will be set high
if the input zero sequence voltage is greater than the preset value 3U0>. Trip signal
will be set high after a time delay setting of t3U0. BLOCK input will block the
complete function. BLKTR will block the trip output. The zero sequence voltage
will be available as service value output as 3U0.
765
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.8.7.3
Function block
LCZSPTOV
U3P*
BLOCK
BLKTR
TRIP
START
IEC09000768-1-en.vsd
IEC09000768 V1 EN
Figure 421:
13.8.7.4
Name
Type
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
BLKTR
BOOLEAN
Name
Table 473:
Name
Description
GROUP
SIGNAL
Table 472:
13.8.7.5
Default
U3P
Type
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
LCZSPTOV Group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off/On
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400
3U0>
1 - 200
%UB
10
t3U0
0.000 - 120.000
0.001
2.000
766
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.8.7.6
13.8.8
Technical data
Table 474:
Function
Range or value
(1-200)% of UBase
0.5% of Ur at U<Ur
0.5% of U at U>Ur
>95%
25 ms typically at 0 to 1.5xUset
10 ms typically at 0 to 1.5xUset
Timers
(0.000-120.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
13.8.8.1
Accuracy
IEC 61850
identification
LCNSPTOC
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
46
Introduction
Negative sequence components are present in all types of fault condition. They can
reach considerably high values during abnormal operation.
13.8.8.2
Principle of operation
Negative sequence overcurrent protection (LCNSPTOC) is a definite time stage
comparator function. The negative sequence input current from the SMAI block is
connected as input to the function through a group connection I3P in PCM600.
This current is compared against the preset value and a start signal will be set high
if the input negative sequence current is greater than the preset value I2>. Trip
signal will be set high after a time delay setting of tI2. BLOCK input will block the
complete function. BLKTR will block the trip output. The negative sequence
current is available as service value output I2.
767
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.8.8.3
Function block
LCNSPTOC
I3P*
BLOCK
BLKTR
TRIP
START
IEC09000769-1-en.vsd
IEC09000769 V1 EN
Figure 422:
13.8.8.4
Name
Type
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
BLKTR
BOOLEAN
Name
Table 477:
Name
Description
GROUP
SIGNAL
Table 476:
13.8.8.5
Default
I3P
Type
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
LCNSPTOC Group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off/On
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
I2>
1 - 2500
%IB
100
tI2
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
768
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.8.8.6
13.8.9
Technical data
Table 478:
Function
Range or value
(1 - 2500)% of IBase
1.0% of Ir at I < Ir
1.0% of I at I > Ir
>95%
20 ms typically at 0 to 2xIset
15 ms typically at 0 to 10xIset
25 ms typically at 2 to 0xIset
10 ms typically at 0 to 2xIset
2 ms typically at 0 to 10xIset
10 ms typically
Timer
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
Transient overreach,
start function
<5% at = 100 ms
13.8.9.1
Accuracy
Operate value,
negative sequence
overcurrent
IEC 61850
identification
LCZSPTOC
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
51N
Introduction
Zero sequence components are present in all abnormal conditions involving earth.
They have a considerably high value during earth faults.
13.8.9.2
Principle of operation
Zero sequence overcurrent protection (LCZSPTOC) is a definite time stage
comparator function. The zero sequence input current from the SMAI block is
connected as input to the function through a group connection I3P in PCM600.
This current is compared against the preset value and a start signal will be set high
if the input zero sequence current is greater than the preset value 3I0>. Trip signal
will be set high after a time delay setting of t3I0. BLOCK input will block the
complete function. BLKTR will block the trip output. The zero sequence current is
available as service value output 3I0.
769
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.8.9.3
Function block
LCZSPTOC
I3P*
BLOCK
BLKTR
TRIP
START
IEC09000770-1-en.vsd
IEC09000770 V1 EN
Figure 423:
13.8.9.4
Name
Type
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
BLKTR
BOOLEAN
Name
Table 481:
Name
Description
GROUP
SIGNAL
Table 480:
13.8.9.5
Default
I3P
Type
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
LCZSPTOC Group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off/On
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
3I0>
1 - 2500
%IB
100
t3I0
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
770
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.8.9.6
13.8.10
Technical data
Table 482:
Function
Range or value
(1-2500)% of IBase
1.0% of Ir at I<Ir
1.0% of I at I>Ir
>95%
20 ms typically at 0 to 2xIset
15 ms typically at 0 to 10xIset
30 ms typically at 2 to 0xIset
10 ms typically at 0 to 2xIset
2 ms typically at 0 to 10xIset
15 ms typically
Timer
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
13.8.10.1
Accuracy
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
LCP3PTOC
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
51
Introduction
Three phase overcurrent (LCP3PTOC) is designed for overcurrent conditions.
Features:
13.8.10.2
Principle of operation
Three phase overcurrent (LCP3PTOC) is used for detecting over current
conditions. LCP3PTOC starts when the current exceeds the set limit IOC>. It
operates with definite time (DT) characteristics, that is, the function operates after a
predefined time tOC and resets when the fault current disappears. The function
771
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.8.10.3
Function block
LCP3PTOC
I3P*
BLOCK
BLKTR
TRIP
TRL1
TRL2
TRL3
START
STL1
STL2
STL3
IEC09000771-1-en.vsd
IEC09000771 V1 EN
Figure 424:
13.8.10.4
Default
Description
I3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
BLKTR
BOOLEAN
Table 484:
Name
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
TRL1
BOOLEAN
TRL2
BOOLEAN
TRL3
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
STL1
BOOLEAN
STL2
BOOLEAN
STL3
BOOLEAN
772
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.8.10.5
Table 485:
Setting parameters
LCP3PTOC Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation On / Off
IBase
0 - 99999
3000
IOC>
5 - 2500
%IB
1000
tOC
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.020
13.8.10.6
13.8.11
Technical data
Table 486:
Function
Range or value
(5-2500)% of IBase
1.0% of Ir at I < Ir
1.0% of I at I > Ir
Reset ratio,
overcurrent
>95%
20 ms typically at 0 to 2xIset
15 ms typically at 0 to 10xIset
30 ms typically at 2 to 0xIset
5 ms typically at 0 to 2xIset
2 ms typically at 0 to 10xIset
10 ms typically
Timers
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
13.8.11.1
Accuracy
Operate value,
overcurrent
IEC 61850
identification
LCP3PTUC
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
37
Introduction
Three phase undercurrent function (LCP3PTUC) is designed for detecting loss of
load conditions.
Features:
773
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
13.8.11.2
Principle of operation
Three phase undercurrent (LCP3PTUC) is used for detecting sudden load loss
which is considered as fault condition. LCP3PTUC starts when the current is less
than the set limit IUC<. It operates with definite time (DT) characteristics, that is,
the function operates after a predefined time tUC and resets when the load current
restores. The function contains a blocking functionality. It is possible to block the
function output, timer or the function itself, if desired.
13.8.11.3
Function block
LCP3PTUC
I3P*
BLOCK
BLKTR
TRIP
TRL1
TRL2
TRL3
START
STL1
STL2
STL3
IEC09000772-1-en.vsd
IEC09000772 V1 EN
Figure 425:
13.8.11.4
Default
Description
I3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
BLKTR
BOOLEAN
Table 488:
Name
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
TRL1
BOOLEAN
TRL2
BOOLEAN
TRL3
BOOLEAN
START
BOOLEAN
774
Technical reference manual
Section 13
Scheme communication
Name
13.8.11.5
Table 489:
Type
Description
STL1
BOOLEAN
STL2
BOOLEAN
STL3
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
LCP3PTUC Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation On / Off
IBase
0 - 99999
3000
Current Base
IUC<
1.00 - 100.00
%IB
0.01
50.00
tUC
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
13.8.11.6
Technical data
Table 490:
Function
Range or value
Accuracy
Operate value,
undercurrent
(1.00-100.00)% of IBase
1.0% of Ir
Reset ratio,
undercurrent
>105%
20 ms typically at 2 to 0xIset
30 ms typically at 0 to 2xIset
10 ms typically at 2 to 0xIset
10 ms typically
Timers
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
775
Technical reference manual
776
Section 14
Logic
Section 14
Logic
14.1
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
SMPPTRC
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
94
I->O
SYMBOL-K V1 EN
14.1.1
Introduction
A function block for protection tripping is provided for each circuit breaker
involved in the tripping of the fault. It provides pulse prolongation to ensure a trip
pulse of sufficient length, as well as all functionality necessary for correct cooperation with autoreclosing functions.
The trip function block includes functionality for evolving faults and breaker lockout.
14.1.2
Principle of operation
The duration of a trip output signal from tripping logic SMPPTRC is settable
(tTripMin). The pulse length should be long enough to secure the breaker opening.
For three-phase tripping, SMPPTRC has a single input (TRIN) through which all
trip output signals from the protection functions within the IED, or from external
protection functions via one or more of the IEDs binary inputs, are routed. It has a
single trip output (TRIP) for connection to one or more of the IEDs binary outputs,
as well as to other functions within the IED requiring this signal.
777
Technical reference manual
Section 14
Logic
BLOCK
tTripMin
TRIN
AND
TRIP
OR
Operation Mode = On
Program = 3Ph
en05000789.vsd
IEC05000789 V1 EN
Figure 426:
SMPPTRC function for single-phase and two-phase tripping has additional phase
segregated inputs for this, as well as inputs for faulted phase selection. The latter
inputs enable single- phase and two-phase tripping for those functions which do not
have their own phase selection capability, and therefore which have just a single
trip output and not phase segregated trip outputs for routing through the phase
segregated trip inputs of the expanded SMPPTRC function. Examples of such
protection functions are the residual overcurrent protections. The expanded
SMPPTRC function has two inputs for these functions, one for impedance tripping
(for example, carrier-aided tripping commands from the scheme communication
logic), and one for earth fault tripping (for example, tripping output from a residual
overcurrent protection).
Additional logic, including a timer tWaitForPHS, secures a three-phase trip
command for these protection functions in the absence of the required phase
selection signals.
The expanded SMPPTRC function has three trip outputs TRL1, TRL2, TRL3
(besides the trip output TRIP), one per phase, for connection to one or more of the
IEDs binary outputs, as well as to other functions within the IED requiring these
signals. There are also separate output signals indicating single-phase, two-phase or
three-phase trip. These signals are important for cooperation with the autorecloser
SMBRREC function.
The expanded SMPPTRC function is equipped with logic which secures correct
operation for evolving faults as well as for reclosing on to persistent faults. A
special input is also provided which disables single- phase and two-phase tripping,
forcing all tripping to be three-phase.
In multi-breaker arrangements, one SMPPTRC function block is used for each
breaker. This can be the case if single pole tripping and autoreclosing is used.
The breaker close lockout function can be activated from an external trip signal
from another protection function via input (SETLKOUT) or internally at a threephase trip, if desired.
It is possible to lockout seal in the tripping output signals or use blocking of
closing only the choice is by setting TripLockout.
778
Technical reference manual
Section 14
Logic
14.1.2.1
Logic diagram
TRINL1
TRINL2
OR
TRINL3
OR
1PTRZ
1PTREF
OR
TRIN
AND
RSTTRIP - cont.
Program = 3ph
en05000517.vsd
IEC05000517 V1 EN
Figure 427:
TRINP_3P
TRINP_A
PS_A
OR
AND
ATRIP
TRINP_B
PS_B
OR
AND
BTRIP
TRINP_C
PS_C
OR
AND
CTRIP
OR
OR
OR
-loop
-loop
OR
AND
1PTRGF
AND
AND
tWaitForPHS
OR
1PTRZ
AND
t
IEC10000056-1-en.vsd
IEC10000056 V1 EN
Figure 428:
779
Technical reference manual
Section 14
Logic
L1TRIP
150 ms
OR
RTRIP
OR
2000 ms
t
OR
L2TRIP
150 ms
AND
OR
STRIP
OR
2000 ms
t
OR
L3TRIP
150 ms
AND
OR
TTRIP
OR
2000 ms
t
OR
AND
OR
OR
P3PTR
AND
OR
-loop
en05000519.vsd
IEC05000519-WMF V1 EN
Figure 429:
780
Technical reference manual
Section 14
Logic
L1TRIP - cont.
150 ms
OR
RTRIP
OR
2000 ms
t
AND
L2TRIP
150 ms
OR
STRIP
OR
2000 ms
t
AND
AND
L3TRIP
150 ms
OR
TTRIP
OR
2000 ms
t
AND
OR
AND
OR
TRIP
OR
-loop
en05000520.vsd
IEC05000520-WMF V1 EN
Figure 430:
781
Technical reference manual
Section 14
Logic
BLOCK
RTRIP
TRL1
AND
OR
STRIP
TRL2
AND
OR
TTRIP
TRL3
AND
OR
RSTTRIP
TRIP
OR
AND
OR
TR3P
AND
-loop
10 ms
AND
AND
AND
5 ms
AND
AND
TR1P
TR2P
OR
-loop
en05000521.vsd
IEC05000521-WMF V1 EN
Figure 431:
14.1.3
Function block
SMPPTRC
BLOCK
TRIP
BLKLKOUT
TRL1
TRIN
TRL2
TRINL1
TRL3
TRINL2
TR1P
TRINL3
TR2P
PSL1
TR3P
PSL2
CLLKOUT
PSL3
1PTRZ
1PTREF
P3PTR
SETLKOUT
RSTLKOUT
IEC05000707-2-en.vsd
IEC05000707 V2 EN
Figure 432:
14.1.4
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
BLKLKOUT
BOOLEAN
TRIN
BOOLEAN
782
Technical reference manual
Section 14
Logic
Name
Type
Trip phase 1
TRINL2
BOOLEAN
Trip phase 2
TRINL3
BOOLEAN
Trip phase 3
PSL1
BOOLEAN
PSL2
BOOLEAN
PSL3
BOOLEAN
1PTRZ
BOOLEAN
1PTREF
BOOLEAN
P3PTR
BOOLEAN
SETLKOUT
BOOLEAN
RSTLKOUT
BOOLEAN
Name
Table 493:
Description
BOOLEAN
Table 492:
14.1.5
Default
TRINL1
Type
Description
TRIP
BOOLEAN
TRL1
BOOLEAN
TRL2
BOOLEAN
TRL3
BOOLEAN
TR1P
BOOLEAN
Tripping single-pole
TR2P
BOOLEAN
Tripping two-pole
TR3P
BOOLEAN
Tripping three-pole
CLLKOUT
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
SMPPTRC Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
On
Operation Off / On
Program
3 phase
1ph/3ph
1ph/2ph/3ph
1ph/3ph
tTripMin
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.150
tWaitForPHS
0.020 - 0.500
0.001
0.050
783
Technical reference manual
Section 14
Logic
Table 494:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
TripLockout
Off
On
Off
AutoLock
Off
On
Off
14.1.6
Technical data
Table 495:
Function
14.2
Range or value
3-ph, 1/3-ph, 1/2/3-ph
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
Timers
(0.000-60.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
14.2.1
Accuracy
Trip action
IEC 61850
identification
TMAGGIO
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
-
Introduction
Trip matrix logic TMAGGIO function is used to route trip signals and other logical
output signals to different output contacts on the IED.
TMAGGIO output signals and the physical outputs allows the user to adapt the
signals to the physical tripping outputs according to the specific application needs.
14.2.2
Principle of operation
Trip matrix logic (TMAGGIO) block is provided with 32 input signals and 3
output signals. The function block incorporates internal logic OR gates in order to
provide the necessary grouping of connected input signals (for example, for
tripping and alarming purposes) to the three output signals from the function block.
Internal built-in OR logic is made in accordance with the following three rules:
784
Technical reference manual
Section 14
Logic
1.
2.
3.
when any one of first 16 inputs signals (INPUT1 to INPUT16) has logical
value 1 (TRUE) the first output signal (OUTPUT1) will get logical value 1
(TRUE).
when any one of second 16 inputs signals (INPUT17 to INPUT32) has logical
value 1 (TRUE) the second output signal (OUTPUT2) will get logical value 1
(TRUE).
when any one of all 32 input signals (INPUT1 to INPUT32) has logical value
1 (TRUE) the third output signal (OUTPUT3) will get logical value 1 (TRUE).
&
ModeOutput1
Input 1
Ondelay
Offdelay
&
Output 1
Output 2
Output 3
Input 16
PulseTime
&
ModeOutput2
Input 17
Ondelay
Offdelay
&
Input 32
PulseTime
&
ModeOutput3
Ondelay
Offdelay
&
IEC09000612_1_en.vsd
IEC09000612 V1 EN
Figure 433:
Output signals from TMAGGIO are typically connected to other logic blocks or
directly to output contacts in the IED. When used for direct tripping of the circuit
breaker(s) the pulse time delay shall be set to approximately 0.150 seconds in order
to obtain satisfactory minimum duration of the trip pulse to the circuit breaker trip
coils.
785
Technical reference manual
Section 14
Logic
14.2.3
Function block
TMAGGIO
INPUT1
INPUT2
INPUT3
INPUT4
INPUT5
INPUT6
INPUT7
INPUT8
INPUT9
INPUT10
INPUT11
INPUT12
INPUT13
INPUT14
INPUT15
INPUT16
INPUT17
INPUT18
INPUT19
INPUT20
INPUT21
INPUT22
INPUT23
INPUT24
INPUT25
INPUT26
INPUT27
INPUT28
INPUT29
INPUT30
INPUT31
INPUT32
OUTPUT1
OUTPUT2
OUTPUT3
IEC09000830-1-en.vsd
IEC09000830 V1 EN
Figure 434:
14.2.4
Default
Description
INPUT1
BOOLEAN
Binary input 1
INPUT2
BOOLEAN
Binary input 2
INPUT3
BOOLEAN
Binary input 3
INPUT4
BOOLEAN
Binary input 4
INPUT5
BOOLEAN
Binary input 5
INPUT6
BOOLEAN
Binary input 6
INPUT7
BOOLEAN
Binary input 7
INPUT8
BOOLEAN
Binary input 8
INPUT9
BOOLEAN
Binary input 9
INPUT10
BOOLEAN
Binary input 10
INPUT11
BOOLEAN
Binary input 11
INPUT12
BOOLEAN
Binary input 12
INPUT13
BOOLEAN
Binary input 13
INPUT14
BOOLEAN
Binary input 14
INPUT15
BOOLEAN
Binary input 15
INPUT16
BOOLEAN
Binary input 16
INPUT17
BOOLEAN
Binary input 17
INPUT18
BOOLEAN
Binary input 18
INPUT19
BOOLEAN
Binary input 19
INPUT20
BOOLEAN
Binary input 20
Section 14
Logic
Name
Type
Binary input 21
INPUT22
BOOLEAN
Binary input 22
INPUT23
BOOLEAN
Binary input 23
INPUT24
BOOLEAN
Binary input 24
INPUT25
BOOLEAN
Binary input 25
INPUT26
BOOLEAN
Binary input 26
INPUT27
BOOLEAN
Binary input 27
INPUT28
BOOLEAN
Binary input 28
INPUT29
BOOLEAN
Binary input 29
INPUT30
BOOLEAN
Binary input 30
INPUT31
BOOLEAN
Binary input 31
INPUT32
BOOLEAN
Binary input 32
Name
Table 498:
Description
BOOLEAN
Table 497:
14.2.5
Default
INPUT21
Type
Description
OUTPUT1
BOOLEAN
OUTPUT2
BOOLEAN
OUTPUT3
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
TMAGGIO Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
On
Operation Off / On
PulseTime
0.050 - 60.000
0.001
0.150
OnDelay
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
OffDelay
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.000
ModeOutput1
Steady
Pulsed
Steady
ModeOutput2
Steady
Pulsed
Steady
ModeOutput3
Steady
Pulsed
Steady
787
Technical reference manual
Section 14
Logic
14.3
14.3.1
Introduction
A number of logic blocks and timers are available for the user to adapt the
configuration to the specific application needs.
14.3.2
OR function block.
PULSETIMER function block can be used, for example, for pulse extensions
or limiting of operation of outputs.
GATE function block is used for whether or not a signal should be able to
pass from the input to the output.
LOOPDELAY function block used to delay the output signal one execution
cycle.
TIMERSET function has pick-up and drop-out delayed outputs related to the
input signal. The timer has a settable time delay.
SRMEMORY function block is a flip-flop that can set or reset an output from
two inputs respectively. Each block has two outputs where one is inverted. The
memory setting controls if the block's output should reset or return to the state
it was, after a power interruption. Set input has priority.
RSMEMORY function block is a flip-flop that can reset or set an output from
two inputs respectively. Each block has two outputs where one is inverted. The
memory setting controls if the block's output should reset or return to the state
it was, after a power interruption. Reset input has priority.
OUT
IEC04000404_2_en.vsd
IEC04000404 V2 EN
Figure 435:
788
Technical reference manual
Section 14
Logic
Table 499:
Name
Type
INPUT
BOOLEAN
Table 500:
Description
Input
Name
Type
OUT
14.3.3
Default
Description
BOOLEAN
Output
OR function block OR
The OR function is used to form general combinatory expressions with boolean
variables. The OR function block has six inputs and two outputs. One of the
outputs is inverted.
OR
INPUT1
INPUT2
INPUT3
INPUT4
INPUT5
INPUT6
OUT
NOUT
IEC04000405_2_en.vsd
IEC04000405 V2 EN
Figure 436:
OR function block
Table 501:
OR Input signals
Name
Type
Default
Description
INPUT1
BOOLEAN
Input 1 to OR gate
INPUT2
BOOLEAN
Input 2 to OR gate
INPUT3
BOOLEAN
Input 3 to OR gate
INPUT4
BOOLEAN
Input 4 to OR gate
INPUT5
BOOLEAN
Input 5 to OR gate
INPUT6
BOOLEAN
Input 6 to OR gate
Table 502:
Name
OR Output signals
Type
Description
OUT
BOOLEAN
NOUT
BOOLEAN
789
Technical reference manual
Section 14
Logic
14.3.4
OUT
NOUT
IEC04000406_2_en.vsd
IEC04000406 V2 EN
Figure 437:
Table 503:
Name
Type
Description
BOOLEAN
Input 1
INPUT2
BOOLEAN
Input 2
INPUT3
BOOLEAN
Input 3
INPUT4N
BOOLEAN
Input 4 inverted
Table 504:
Name
14.3.5
Default
INPUT1
Type
Description
OUT
BOOLEAN
Output
NOUT
BOOLEAN
Output inverted
ON
OFF
IEC04000378_2_en.vsd
IEC04000378 V2 EN
Figure 438:
Table 505:
Name
INPUT
Type
BOOLEAN
Default
0
Description
Input to timer
790
Technical reference manual
Section 14
Logic
Table 506:
Name
Table 507:
Type
Description
ON
BOOLEAN
OFF
BOOLEAN
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
0.000 - 90000.000
14.3.6
Step
0.001
Default
Description
0.000
OUT
IEC04000407-2-en.vsd
IEC04000407 V2 EN
Figure 439:
Table 508:
Name
Type
INPUT
BOOLEAN
Table 509:
Description
Input to pulse timer
Name
Type
OUT
Table 510:
Default
Description
BOOLEAN
Name
T
14.3.7
Values (Range)
0.000 - 90000.000
Unit
s
Step
0.001
Default
0.010
Description
Time delay of function
791
Technical reference manual
Section 14
Logic
XOR
INPUT1
INPUT2
OUT
NOUT
IEC04000409-2-en.vsd
IEC04000409 V2 EN
Figure 440:
Table 511:
Name
Type
Description
BOOLEAN
INPUT2
BOOLEAN
Table 512:
Name
14.3.8
Default
INPUT1
Type
Description
OUT
BOOLEAN
NOUT
BOOLEAN
OUT
IEC09000296-1-en.vsd
IEC09000296 V1 EN
Figure 441:
Table 513:
Name
INPUT
Table 514:
Name
OUT
14.3.9
Type
BOOLEAN
Default
0
Description
Input signal
Description
Output signal, signal is delayed one execution
cycle
792
Technical reference manual
Section 14
Logic
setting controls if the flip-flop after a power interruption will return the state it had
before or if it will be reset.
Table 515:
SET
OUT
NOUT
Last
value
Inverted
last value
SRMEMORY
SET
OUT
RESET
NOUT
IEC04000408_2_en.vsd
IEC04000408 V2 EN
Figure 442:
Table 516:
Name
Type
Description
BOOLEAN
RESET
BOOLEAN
Table 517:
Name
Table 518:
Default
SET
Type
Description
OUT
BOOLEAN
Output signal
NOUT
BOOLEAN
Name
Memory
14.3.10
Values (Range)
Off
On
Unit
-
Step
-
Default
On
Description
Operating mode of the memory function
793
Technical reference manual
Section 14
Logic
Table 519:
RESET
SET
OUT
NOUT
Last
value
Inverted last
value
RSMEMORY
SET
RESET
OUT
NOUT
IEC09000294-1-en.vsd
IEC09000294 V1 EN
Figure 443:
Table 520:
Name
Type
RESET
BOOLEAN
Name
Name
Memory
14.3.11
Description
BOOLEAN
Table 521:
Table 522:
Default
SET
Type
Description
OUT
BOOLEAN
Output signal
NOUT
BOOLEAN
Unit
Off
On
Step
-
Default
On
Description
Operating mode of the memory function
OUT
IEC04000410-2-en.vsd
IEC04000410 V2 EN
Figure 444:
794
Technical reference manual
Section 14
Logic
Table 523:
Name
Type
INPUT
BOOLEAN
Table 524:
Description
Input to gate
Name
Type
OUT
Table 525:
Default
Description
BOOLEAN
Name
Values (Range)
Operation
Unit
Off
On
14.3.12
Step
Default
Off
Description
Operation Off/On
ON
OFF
IEC04000411-2-en.vsd
IEC04000411 V2 EN
Figure 445:
Table 526:
Name
Type
INPUT
BOOLEAN
Table 527:
Description
Input to timer
Name
Table 528:
Default
Type
Description
ON
BOOLEAN
OFF
BOOLEAN
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off/On
0.000 - 90000.000
0.001
0.000
795
Technical reference manual
Section 14
Logic
14.3.13
Technical data
Table 529:
Logic block
14.4
Range or
value
normal
Accuracy
LogicAND
60
60
160
LogicOR
60
60
160
LogicXOR
10
10
20
LogicInverter
30
30
80
LogicSRMemory
10
10
20
LogicRSMemory
10
10
20
LogicGate
10
10
20
LogicTimer
10
10
20
(0.000
90000.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
LogicPulseTimer
10
10
20
(0.000
90000.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
LogicTimerSet
10
10
20
(0.000
90000.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
LogicLoopDelay
10
10
20
(0.000
90000.000) s
0.5% 10 ms
Boolean 16 to Integer
Boolean 16 to
integer with Logic
Node
Integer to Boolean 16
Integer to Boolean
16 with Logic Node
IEC 61850
identification
FXDSIGN
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
-
14.4.1
Principle of operation
There are eight outputs from FXDSIGN function block:
796
Technical reference manual
Section 14
Logic
14.4.2
Function block
FXDSIGN
OFF
ON
INTZERO
INTONE
REALZERO
STRNULL
ZEROSMPL
GRP_OFF
IEC05000445-2-en.vsd
IEC05000445 V2 EN
Figure 446:
14.4.3
14.4.4
Description
OFF
BOOLEAN
ON
BOOLEAN
INTZERO
INTEGER
INTONE
INTEGER
INTALONE
INTEGER
REALZERO
REAL
STRNULL
STRING
ZEROSMPL
GROUP SIGNAL
GRP_OFF
GROUP SIGNAL
Setting parameters
The function does not have any parameters available in the local HMI or PCM600.
797
Technical reference manual
Section 14
Logic
14.5
IEC 61850
identification
14.5.1
IEC 60617
identification
B16I
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
-
Introduction
Boolean 16 to integer conversion function (B16I) is used to transform a set of 16
binary (logical) signals into an integer.
14.5.2
Principle of operation
Boolean 16 to integer conversion function (B16I) is used to transform a set of 16
binary (logical) signals into an integer. The BLOCK input will freeze the output at
the last value.
14.5.3
Function block
B16I
BLOCK
IN1
IN2
IN3
IN4
IN5
IN6
IN7
IN8
IN9
IN10
IN11
IN12
IN13
IN14
IN15
IN16
OUT
IEC07000128-2-en.vsd
IEC07000128 V2 EN
Figure 447:
14.5.4
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
IN1
BOOLEAN
Input 1
IN2
BOOLEAN
Input 2
IN3
BOOLEAN
Input 3
798
Technical reference manual
Section 14
Logic
Name
Type
Description
BOOLEAN
Input 4
IN5
BOOLEAN
Input 5
IN6
BOOLEAN
Input 6
IN7
BOOLEAN
Input 7
IN8
BOOLEAN
Input 8
IN9
BOOLEAN
Input 9
IN10
BOOLEAN
Input 10
IN11
BOOLEAN
Input 11
IN12
BOOLEAN
Input 12
IN13
BOOLEAN
Input 13
IN14
BOOLEAN
Input 14
IN15
BOOLEAN
Input 15
IN16
BOOLEAN
Input 16
Table 532:
Name
OUT
14.5.5
Default
IN4
Type
INTEGER
Description
Output value
Setting parameters
The function does not have any parameters available in the local HMI or PCM600.
14.6
14.6.1
IEC 61850
identification
B16IFCVI
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
-
Introduction
Boolean 16 to integer conversion with logic node representation function
(B16IFCVI) is used to transform a set of 16 binary (logical) signals into an integer.
B16IFCVI can receive remote values via IEC 61850 depending on the operator
position input (PSTO).
799
Technical reference manual
Section 14
Logic
14.6.2
Principle of operation
Boolean 16 to integer conversion with logic node representation function
(B16IFCVI) is used to transform a set of 16 binary (logical) signals into an integer.
The BLOCK input will freeze the output at the last value.
14.6.3
Function block
B16IFCVI
BLOCK
IN1
IN2
IN3
IN4
IN5
IN6
IN7
IN8
IN9
IN10
IN11
IN12
IN13
IN14
IN15
IN16
OUT
IEC09000624-1-en.vsd
IEC09000624 V1 EN
Figure 448:
14.6.4
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
IN1
BOOLEAN
Input 1
IN2
BOOLEAN
Input 2
IN3
BOOLEAN
Input 3
IN4
BOOLEAN
Input 4
IN5
BOOLEAN
Input 5
IN6
BOOLEAN
Input 6
IN7
BOOLEAN
Input 7
IN8
BOOLEAN
Input 8
IN9
BOOLEAN
Input 9
IN10
BOOLEAN
Input 10
IN11
BOOLEAN
Input 11
IN12
BOOLEAN
Input 12
IN13
BOOLEAN
Input 13
Section 14
Logic
Name
Type
Description
BOOLEAN
Input 14
IN15
BOOLEAN
Input 15
IN16
BOOLEAN
Input 16
Table 534:
Name
OUT
14.6.5
Default
IN14
Type
Description
INTEGER
Output value
Setting parameters
The function does not have any parameters available in the local HMI or PCM600.
14.7
14.7.1
IEC 61850
identification
IB16
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
-
Introduction
Integer to boolean 16 conversion function (IB16) is used to transform an integer
into a set of 16 binary (logical) signals.
14.7.2
Principle of operation
Integer to boolean 16 conversion function (IB16) is used to transform an integer
into a set of 16 binary (logical) signals. IB16 function is designed for receiving the
integer input locally. The BLOCK input will freeze the logical outputs at the last
value.
801
Technical reference manual
Section 14
Logic
14.7.3
Function block
IB16
OUT1
OUT2
OUT3
OUT4
OUT5
OUT6
OUT7
OUT8
OUT9
OUT10
OUT11
OUT12
OUT13
OUT14
OUT15
OUT16
IEC06000501-2-en.vsd
IEC06000501 V2 EN
Figure 449:
14.7.4
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
INP
INTEGER
Integer Input
Table 536:
Name
Description
OUT1
BOOLEAN
Output 1
OUT2
BOOLEAN
Output 2
OUT3
BOOLEAN
Output 3
OUT4
BOOLEAN
Output 4
OUT5
BOOLEAN
Output 5
OUT6
BOOLEAN
Output 6
OUT7
BOOLEAN
Output 7
OUT8
BOOLEAN
Output 8
OUT9
BOOLEAN
Output 9
OUT10
BOOLEAN
Output 10
OUT11
BOOLEAN
Output 11
OUT12
BOOLEAN
Output 12
OUT13
BOOLEAN
Output 13
OUT14
BOOLEAN
Output 14
OUT15
BOOLEAN
Output 15
OUT16
BOOLEAN
Output 16
802
Technical reference manual
Section 14
Logic
14.7.5
Setting parameters
The function does not have any parameters available in the local HMI or PCM600.
14.8
14.8.1
IEC 61850
identification
IB16FCVB
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
-
Introduction
Integer to boolean conversion with logic node representation function (IB16FCVB)
is used to transform an integer to 16 binary (logic) signals.
IB16FCVB function can receive remote values over IEC61850 depending on the
operator position input (PSTO).
14.8.2
Principle of operation
Integer to boolean conversion with logic node representation function (IB16FCVB)
is used to transform an integer into a set of 16 binary (logical) signals. IB16FCVB
function can receive an integer from a station computer for example, over IEC
61850. The BLOCK input will freeze the logical outputs at the last value.
The operator position input (PSTO) determines the operator place. The integer
number can be written to the block while in Remote. If PSTO is in Off
or Local, then no change is applied to the outputs.
803
Technical reference manual
Section 14
Logic
14.8.3
Function block
IB16FCVB
BLOCK
PSTO
OUT1
OUT2
OUT3
OUT4
OUT5
OUT6
OUT7
OUT8
OUT9
OUT10
OUT11
OUT12
OUT13
OUT14
OUT15
OUT16
IEC09000399-1-en.vsd
IEC09000399 V1 EN
Figure 450:
14.8.4
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
PSTO
INTEGER
Table 538:
Name
Description
OUT1
BOOLEAN
Output 1
OUT2
BOOLEAN
Output 2
OUT3
BOOLEAN
Output 3
OUT4
BOOLEAN
Output 4
OUT5
BOOLEAN
Output 5
OUT6
BOOLEAN
Output 6
OUT7
BOOLEAN
Output 7
OUT8
BOOLEAN
Output 8
OUT9
BOOLEAN
Output 9
OUT10
BOOLEAN
Output 10
OUT11
BOOLEAN
Output 11
OUT12
BOOLEAN
Output 12
OUT13
BOOLEAN
Output 13
OUT14
BOOLEAN
Output 14
OUT15
BOOLEAN
Output 15
OUT16
BOOLEAN
Output 16
804
Technical reference manual
Section 14
Logic
14.8.5
Setting parameters
This function does not have any setting parameters.
805
Technical reference manual
806
Section 15
Monitoring
Section 15
Monitoring
15.1
Measurements
Function description
Measurements
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
CVMMXN
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
-
P, Q, S, I, U, f
SYMBOL-RR V1 EN
CMMXU
I
SYMBOL-SS V1 EN
VMMXU
U
SYMBOL-UU V1 EN
CMSQI
VMSQI
I1, I2, I0
SYMBOL-VV V1 EN
U1, U2, U0
SYMBOL-TT V1 EN
VNMMXU
U
SYMBOL-UU V1 EN
807
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
15.1.1
Introduction
Measurement functions is used for power system measurement, supervision and
reporting to the local HMI, monitoring tool within PCM600 or to station level for
example, via IEC 61850. The possibility to continuously monitor measured values
of active power, reactive power, currents, voltages, frequency, power factor etc. is
vital for efficient production, transmission and distribution of electrical energy. It
provides to the system operator fast and easy overview of the present status of the
power system. Additionally, it can be used during testing and commissioning of
protection and control IEDs in order to verify proper operation and connection of
instrument transformers (CTs and VTs). During normal service by periodic
comparison of the measured value from the IED with other independent meters the
proper operation of the IED analog measurement chain can be verified. Finally, it
can be used to verify proper direction orientation for distance or directional
overcurrent protection function.
The available measured values of an IED are depending on the
actual hardware (TRM) and the logic configuration made in PCM600.
All measured values can be supervised with four settable limits that is, low-low
limit, low limit, high limit and high-high limit. A zero clamping reduction is also
supported, that is, the measured value below a settable limit is forced to zero which
reduces the impact of noise in the inputs.
Dead-band supervision can be used to report measured signal value to station level
when change in measured value is above set threshold limit or time integral of all
changes since the last time value updating exceeds the threshold limit. Measure
value can also be based on periodic reporting.
The measurement function, CVMMXN, provides the following power system
quantities:
808
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
It is possible to calibrate the measuring function above to get better then class 0.5
presentation. This is accomplished by angle and amplitude compensation at 5, 30
and 100% of rated current and at 100% of rated voltage.
The power system quantities provided, depends on the actual
hardware, (TRM) and the logic configuration made in PCM600.
The measuring functions CMSQI and VMSQI provide sequential quantities:
15.1.2
Principle of operation
15.1.2.1
Measurement supervision
The protection, control, and monitoring IEDs have functionality to measure and
further process information for currents and voltages obtained from the preprocessing blocks. The number of processed alternate measuring quantities
depends on the type of IED and built-in options.
The information on measured quantities is available for the user at different locations:
All phase angles are presented in relation to a defined reference channel. The
General setting parameter PhaseAngleRef defines the reference, see section
"Analog inputs".
Measured value below zero point clamping limit is forced to zero. This allows the
noise in the input signal to be ignored. The zero point clamping limit is a general
setting (XZeroDb where X equals S, P, Q, PF, U, I, F, IL1-3, UL1-3, UL12-31, I1,
I2, 3I0, U1, U2 or 3U0). Observe that this measurement supervision zero point
clamping might be overridden by the zero point clamping used for the
measurement values within CVMMXU.
809
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Users can continuously monitor the measured quantity available in each function
block by means of four defined operating thresholds, see figure 451. The
monitoring has two different modes of operating:
Overfunction, when the measured current exceeds the High limit (XHiLim) or
High-high limit (XHiHiLim) pre-set values
Underfunction, when the measured current decreases under the Low limit
(XLowLim) or Low-low limit (XLowLowLim) pre-set values.
High-high limit
X_RANGE= 1
Hysteresis
High limit
X_RANGE=0
X_RANGE=0
Low limit
X_RANGE=2
Low-low limit
X_RANGE=4
en05000657.vsd
IEC05000657 V1 EN
Figure 451:
The actual value of the measured quantity is available locally and remotely. The
measurement is continuous for each measured quantity separately, but the reporting
of the value to the higher levels depends on the selected reporting mode. The
following basic reporting modes are available:
810
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Cyclic reporting
Value Reported
Value Reported
Value Reported
Value Reported
Y3
Y2
Y4
Y1
Y5
t (*)
Value 5
Value 4
t (*)
Value 3
t (*)
Value 2
Value 1
t (*)
en05000500.vsd
IEC05000500 V1 EN
Figure 452:
Periodic reporting
If a measuring value is changed, compared to the last reported value, and the
change is larger than the Y pre-defined limits that are set by user (XZeroDb),
then the measuring channel reports the new value to a higher level, if this is
detected by a new measured value. This limits the information flow to a minimum
necessary. Figure 453 shows an example with the amplitude dead-band
supervision. The picture is simplified: the process is not continuous but the values
are evaluated with a time interval of one execution cycle from each other.
811
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Value Reported
Y
Value Reported
(1st)
Value Reported
Y3
Y2
Y1
Value Reported
DY
DY
DY
DY
DY
DY
t
99000529.vsd
IEC99000529 V1 EN
Figure 453:
After the new value is reported, the Y limits for dead-band are automatically set
around it. The new value is reported only if the measured quantity changes more
than defined by the Y set limits. Even if amplitude dead-band reporting is
selected, there will be a 30 s "back-ground" cyclic reporting as well.
The measured value is reported if the time integral of all changes exceeds the preset limit (XZeroDb), figure 454, where an example of reporting with integral deadband supervision is shown. The picture is simplified: the process is not continuous
but the values are evaluated with a time interval of one execution cycle from each
other.
The last value reported, Y1 in figure 454 serves as a basic value for further
measurement. A difference is calculated between the last reported and the newly
measured value and is multiplied by the time increment (discrete integral). The
absolute values of these integral values are added until the pre-set value is
exceeded. This occurs with the value Y2 that is reported and set as a new base for
the following measurements (as well as for the values Y3, Y4 and Y5).
The integral dead-band supervision is particularly suitable for monitoring signals
with small variations that can last for relatively long periods. Even if integral deadband reporting is selected, there will be a 30 s "back-ground" cyclic reporting as well.
812
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
A1 >=
pre-set value
Y
A >=
pre-set value
A2 >=
pre-set value
Y3
Y2
Value Reported
(1st)
A1
A2
Y4
Value
Reported
Value
Reported
A3 + A4 + A5 + A6 + A7 >=
pre-set value
A4
A3
A7
Y5
Value
Reported
Y1
A6
A5
Value
Reported
t
99000530.vsd
IEC99000530 V1 EN
Figure 454:
15.1.2.2
Measurements CVMMXN
Mode of operation
The measurement function must be connected to three-phase current and threephase voltage input in the configuration tool (group signals), but it is capable to
measure and calculate above mentioned quantities in nine different ways depending
on the available VT inputs connected to the IED. The end user can freely select by
a parameter setting, which one of the nine available measuring modes shall be used
within the function. Available options are summarized in the following table:
Set value for Formula used for complex, threeparameter
phase power calculation
Mode
1
L1, L2, L3
S = U L1 I L1 + U L 2 I L 2 + U L 3 I L 3
EQUATION1385 V1 EN
U = ( U L1 + U L 2 + U L 3 ) / 3
I = ( I L1 + I L 2 + I L 3 ) / 3
EQUATION1386 V1 EN
Arone
S = U L1 L 2 I L1 - U L 2 L 3 I L 3
*
EQUATION1387 V1 EN
(Equation 158)
U = ( U L1 L 2 + U L 2 L 3 ) / 2
I = ( I L1 + I L 3 ) / 2
EQUATION1388 V1 EN
PosSeq
S = 3 U PosSeq I PosSeq
*
EQUATION1389 V1 EN
(Equation 160)
U =
(Equation 159)
3 U PosSeq
I = I PosSeq
EQUATION1390 V1 EN
(Equation 161)
Comment
Used when
three phaseto-earth
voltages are
available
Used when
three two
phase-tophase
voltages are
available
Used when
only
symmetrical
three phase
power shall
be measured
813
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
L1L2
S = U L1 L 2 ( I L*1 - I L* 2 )
(Equation 162)
EQUATION1391 V1 EN
U = U L1 L 2
I = ( I L1 + I L 2 ) / 2
EQUATION1392 V1 EN
L2L3
S = U L 2 L3 ( I L 2 - I L3 )
*
(Equation 164)
EQUATION1393 V1 EN
U = U L2 L3
I = ( I L2 + I L3 ) / 2
EQUATION1394 V1 EN
L3L1
S = U L 3 L1 ( I L 3 - I L1 )
*
(Equation 166)
EQUATION1395 V1 EN
L1
S = 3 U L1 I L1
*
(Equation 168)
EQUATION1397 V1 EN
I = ( I L 3 + I L1 ) / 2
U =
L2
S = 3 U L2 I L2
*
(Equation 170)
EQUATION1399 V1 EN
U =
L3
S = 3 U L3 I L3
*
EQUATION1401 V1 EN
(Equation 172)
Used when
only UL3L1
phase-tophase
voltage is
available
Used when
only UL2
phase-toearth voltage
is available
3 U L2
(Equation 171)
Used when
only UL3
phase-toearth voltage
is available
3 U L3
I = I L3
EQUATION1402 V1 EN
Used when
only UL2L3
phase-tophase
voltage is
available
(Equation 169)
I = IL2
U =
Used when
only UL1L2
phase-tophase
voltage is
available
Used when
only UL1
phase-toearth voltage
is available
I = I L1
EQUATION1400 V1 EN
(Equation 167)
3 U L1
EQUATION1398 V1 EN
(Equation 165)
U = U L 3 L1
EQUATION1396 V1 EN
(Equation 163)
Comment
(Equation 173)
It shall be noted that only in the first two operating modes that is, 1 & 2 the
measurement function calculates exact three-phase power. In other operating
modes that is, from 3 to 9 it calculates the three-phase power under assumption that
the power system is fully symmetrical. Once the complex apparent power is
calculated then the P, Q, S, & PF are calculated in accordance with the following
formulas:
P = Re( S )
EQUATION1403 V1 EN
(Equation 174)
814
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Q = Im( S )
(Equation 175)
EQUATION1404 V1 EN
S = S =
P +Q
2
EQUATION1405 V1 EN
(Equation 176)
PF = cosj = P
S
EQUATION1406 V1 EN
(Equation 177)
Additionally to the power factor value the two binary output signals from the
function are provided which indicates the angular relationship between current and
voltage phasors. Binary output signal ILAG is set to one when current phasor is
lagging behind voltage phasor. Binary output signal ILEAD is set to one when
current phasor is leading the voltage phasor.
Each analogue output has a corresponding supervision level output (X_RANGE).
The output signal is an integer in the interval 0-4, see section "Measurement
supervision".
Measured currents and voltages used in the CVMMXN function can be calibrated
to get class 0.5 measuring accuracy. This is achieved by amplitude and angle
compensation at 5, 30 and 100% of rated current and voltage. The compensation
below 5% and above 100% is constant and linear in between, see example in
figure 455.
815
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
IEC05000652 V2 EN
Figure 455:
Calibration curves
The first current and voltage phase in the group signals will be used as reference
and the amplitude and angle compensation will be used for related input signals.
EQUATION1407 V1 EN
where:
X
is a new measured value (that is P, Q, S, U, I or PF) to be given out from the function
XOld
is the measured value given from the measurement function in previous execution cycle
is settable parameter by the end user which influence the filter properties
816
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Default value for parameter k is 0.00. With this value the new calculated value is
immediately given out without any filtering (that is, without any additional delay).
When k is set to value bigger than 0, the filtering is enabled. Appropriate value of k
shall be determined separately for every application. Some typical value for k =0.14.
Compensation facility
In order to compensate for small amplitude and angular errors in the complete
measurement chain (CT error, VT error, IED input transformer errors and so on.) it
is possible to perform on site calibration of the power measurement. This is
achieved by setting the complex constant which is then internally used within the
function to multiply the calculated complex apparent power S. This constant is set
as amplitude (setting parameter PowAmpFact, default value 1.000) and angle
(setting parameter PowAngComp, default value 0.0 degrees). Default values for
these two parameters are done in such way that they do not influence internally
calculated value (complex constant has default value 1). In this way calibration, for
specific operating range (for example, around rated power) can be done at site.
However, to perform this calibration it is necessary to have an external power
meter with high accuracy class available.
Directionality
817
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Busbar
IED
Protected
Object
IEC09000038-1-en.vsd
IEC09000038-1-EN V1 EN
Figure 456:
Practically, it means that active and reactive power will have positive values when
they flow from the busbar towards the protected object and they will have negative
values when they flow from the protected object towards the busbar.
In some application, for example, when power is measured on the secondary side
of the power transformer it might be desirable, from the end client point of view, to
have actually opposite directional convention for active and reactive power
measurements. This can be easily achieved by setting parameter PowAngComp to
value of 180.0 degrees. With such setting the active and reactive power will have
positive values when they flow from the protected object towards the busbar.
Frequency
15.1.2.3
818
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
15.1.2.4
15.1.2.5
15.1.3
Function block
The available function blocks of an IED are depending on the actual hardware
(TRM) and the logic configuration made in PCM600.
819
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
CVMMXN
I3P*
U3P*
S
S_RANGE
P_INST
P
P_RANGE
Q_INST
Q
Q_RANGE
PF
PF_RANGE
ILAG
ILEAD
U
U_RANGE
I
I_RANGE
F
F_RANGE
IEC10000016-1-en.vsd
IEC10000016 V1 EN
Figure 457:
CMMXU
I3P*
IL1
IL1RANG
IL1ANGL
IL2
IL2RANG
IL2ANGL
IL3
IL3RANG
IL3ANGL
IEC05000699-2-en.vsd
IEC05000699 V2 EN
Figure 458:
VNMMXU
U3P*
UL1
UL1RANG
UL1ANGL
UL2
UL2RANG
UL2ANGL
UL3
UL3RANG
UL3ANGL
IEC09000850-1-en.vsd
IEC09000850 V1 EN
Figure 459:
820
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
VMMXU
U3P*
UL12
UL12RANG
UL12ANGL
UL23
UL23RANG
UL23ANGL
UL31
UL31RANG
UL31ANGL
IEC05000701-2-en.vsd
IEC05000701 V2 EN
Figure 460:
CMSQI
I3P*
3I0
3I0RANG
3I0ANGL
I1
I1RANG
I1ANGL
I2
I2RANG
I2ANGL
IEC05000703-2-en.vsd
IEC05000703 V2 EN
Figure 461:
VMSQI
U3P*
3U0
3U0RANG
3U0ANGL
U1
U1RANG
U1ANGL
U2
U2RANG
U2ANGL
IEC05000704-2-en.vsd
IEC05000704 V2 EN
Figure 462:
15.1.4
Default
Description
I3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
821
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Table 540:
Name
Description
REAL
S_RANGE
INTEGER
P_INST
REAL
Active Power
REAL
P_RANGE
INTEGER
Q_INST
REAL
Reactive Power
REAL
Q_RANGE
INTEGER
PF
REAL
PF_RANGE
INTEGER
ILAG
BOOLEAN
ILEAD
BOOLEAN
REAL
U_RANGE
INTEGER
REAL
I_RANGE
INTEGER
REAL
F_RANGE
INTEGER
Table 541:
Name
I3P
Table 542:
Name
Default
-
Description
Group connection abstract block 1
Description
IL1
REAL
IL1RANG
INTEGER
IL1ANGL
REAL
IL2
REAL
IL2RANG
INTEGER
IL2ANGL
REAL
IL3
REAL
IL3RANG
INTEGER
IL3ANGL
REAL
822
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Table 543:
Name
U3P
Table 544:
Name
Default
GROUP
SIGNAL
Description
Group connection abstract block 5
Description
UL1
REAL
UL1RANG
INTEGER
UL1ANGL
REAL
UL2
REAL
UL2RANG
INTEGER
UL2ANGL
REAL
UL3
REAL
UL3RANG
INTEGER
UL3ANGL
REAL
Table 545:
Name
U3P
Table 546:
Name
Default
-
Description
Group connection abstract block 2
Description
UL12
REAL
UL12RANG
INTEGER
UL12ANGL
REAL
UL23
REAL
UL23RANG
INTEGER
UL23ANGL
REAL
UL31
REAL
UL31RANG
INTEGER
UL31ANGL
REAL
Table 547:
Name
I3P
Default
-
Description
Group connection abstract block 3
823
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Table 548:
Name
Type
3I0
REAL
3I0RANG
INTEGER
3I0ANGL
REAL
I1
REAL
I1RANG
INTEGER
I1 Amplitude range
I1ANGL
REAL
I2
REAL
I2RANG
INTEGER
I2 Amplitude range
I2ANGL
REAL
Table 549:
Name
Type
U3P
GROUP
SIGNAL
Table 550:
Default
-
Description
Group connection abstract block 4
Name
15.1.5
Description
Type
Description
3U0
REAL
3U0RANG
INTEGER
3U0ANGL
REAL
U1
REAL
U1RANG
INTEGER
U1 Amplitude range
U1ANGL
REAL
U2
REAL
U2RANG
INTEGER
U2 Amplitude range
U2ANGL
REAL
Setting parameters
The available setting parameters of the measurement function (MMXU, MSQI) are
depending on the actual hardware (TRM) and the logic configuration made in
PCM600.
Table 551:
Name
Default
SLowLim
Values (Range)
0.0 - 2000.0
Unit
%SB
0.1
80.0
Description
Low limit in % of SBase
SLowLowLim
0.0 - 2000.0
%SB
0.1
60.0
SMin
0.0 - 2000.0
%SB
0.1
50.0
824
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Name
Step
Default
SMax
Values (Range)
0.0 - 2000.0
Unit
%SB
0.1
200.0
Description
Maximum value in % of SBase
SRepTyp
Cyclic
Dead band
Int deadband
Cyclic
Reporting type
PMin
-2000.0 - 2000.0
%SB
0.1
-200.0
PMax
-2000.0 - 2000.0
%SB
0.1
200.0
PRepTyp
Cyclic
Dead band
Int deadband
Cyclic
Reporting type
QMin
-2000.0 - 2000.0
%SB
0.1
-200.0
QMax
-2000.0 - 2000.0
%SB
0.1
200.0
QRepTyp
Cyclic
Dead band
Int deadband
Cyclic
Reporting type
PFMin
-1.000 - 1.000
0.001
-1.000
Minimum value
PFMax
-1.000 - 1.000
0.001
1.000
Maximum value
PFRepTyp
Cyclic
Dead band
Int deadband
Cyclic
Reporting type
UMin
0.0 - 200.0
%UB
0.1
50.0
UMax
0.0 - 200.0
%UB
0.1
200.0
URepTyp
Cyclic
Dead band
Int deadband
Cyclic
Reporting type
IMin
0.0 - 500.0
%IB
0.1
50.0
IMax
0.0 - 500.0
%IB
0.1
200.0
IRepTyp
Cyclic
Dead band
Int deadband
Cyclic
Reporting type
FrMin
0.000 - 100.000
Hz
0.001
0.000
Minimum value
FrMax
0.000 - 100.000
Hz
0.001
70.000
Maximum value
FrRepTyp
Cyclic
Dead band
Int deadband
Cyclic
Reporting type
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
SBase
0.05 - 200000.00
MVA
0.05
2080.00
Mode
L1, L2, L3
Arone
Pos Seq
L1L2
L2L3
L3L1
L1
L2
L3
L1, L2, L3
825
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
PowAmpFact
0.000 - 6.000
0.001
1.000
PowAngComp
-180.0 - 180.0
Deg
0.1
0.0
0.000 - 1.000
0.001
0.000
Table 552:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
SDbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
SZeroDb
0 - 100000
m%
500
SHiHiLim
0.0 - 2000.0
%SB
0.1
150.0
SHiLim
0.0 - 2000.0
%SB
0.1
120.0
SLimHyst
0.000 - 100.000
0.001
5.000
PDbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
PZeroDb
0 - 100000
m%
500
PHiHiLim
-2000.0 - 2000.0
%SB
0.1
150.0
PHiLim
-2000.0 - 2000.0
%SB
0.1
120.0
PLowLim
-2000.0 - 2000.0
%SB
0.1
-120.0
PLowLowLim
-2000.0 - 2000.0
%SB
0.1
-150.0
PLimHyst
0.000 - 100.000
0.001
5.000
QDbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
QZeroDb
0 - 100000
m%
500
QHiHiLim
-2000.0 - 2000.0
%SB
0.1
150.0
QHiLim
-2000.0 - 2000.0
%SB
0.1
120.0
QLowLim
-2000.0 - 2000.0
%SB
0.1
-120.0
QLowLowLim
-2000.0 - 2000.0
%SB
0.1
-150.0
QLimHyst
0.000 - 100.000
0.001
5.000
PFDbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
PFZeroDb
0 - 100000
m%
500
PFHiHiLim
-1.000 - 1.000
0.001
1.000
PFHiLim
-1.000 - 1.000
0.001
0.800
PFLowLim
-1.000 - 1.000
0.001
-0.800
PFLowLowLim
-1.000 - 1.000
0.001
-1.000
PFLimHyst
0.000 - 100.000
0.001
5.000
826
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
UDbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
UZeroDb
0 - 100000
m%
500
UHiHiLim
0.0 - 200.0
%UB
0.1
150.0
UHiLim
0.0 - 200.0
%UB
0.1
120.0
ULowLim
0.0 - 200.0
%UB
0.1
80.0
ULowLowLim
0.0 - 200.0
%UB
0.1
60.0
ULimHyst
0.000 - 100.000
0.001
5.000
IDbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
IZeroDb
0 - 100000
m%
500
IHiHiLim
0.0 - 500.0
%IB
0.1
150.0
IHiLim
0.0 - 500.0
%IB
0.1
120.0
ILowLim
0.0 - 500.0
%IB
0.1
80.0
ILowLowLim
0.0 - 500.0
%IB
0.1
60.0
ILimHyst
0.000 - 100.000
0.001
5.000
FrDbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
FrZeroDb
0 - 100000
m%
500
FrHiHiLim
0.000 - 100.000
Hz
0.001
65.000
FrHiLim
0.000 - 100.000
Hz
0.001
63.000
FrLowLim
0.000 - 100.000
Hz
0.001
47.000
FrLowLowLim
0.000 - 100.000
Hz
0.001
45.000
FrLimHyst
0.000 - 100.000
0.001
5.000
UGenZeroDb
1 - 100
%UB
IGenZeroDb
1 - 100
%IB
UAmpComp5
-10.000 - 10.000
0.001
0.000
UAmpComp30
-10.000 - 10.000
0.001
0.000
UAmpComp100
-10.000 - 10.000
0.001
0.000
IAmpComp5
-10.000 - 10.000
0.001
0.000
IAmpComp30
-10.000 - 10.000
0.001
0.000
IAmpComp100
-10.000 - 10.000
0.001
0.000
IAngComp5
-10.000 - 10.000
Deg
0.001
0.000
IAngComp30
-10.000 - 10.000
Deg
0.001
0.000
IAngComp100
-10.000 - 10.000
Deg
0.001
0.000
827
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Table 553:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
IL1DbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
Operation
Off
On
Off
IBase
1 - 99999
3000
IL1Max
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
1000.000
Maximum value
IL1RepTyp
Cyclic
Dead band
Int deadband
Cyclic
Reporting type
IL1AngDbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
IL2DbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
IL2Max
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
1000.000
Maximum value
IL2RepTyp
Cyclic
Dead band
Int deadband
Cyclic
Reporting type
IL2AngDbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
IL3DbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
IL3Max
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
1000.000
Maximum value
IL3RepTyp
Cyclic
Dead band
Int deadband
Cyclic
Reporting type
IL3AngDbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
Table 554:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
IL1ZeroDb
0 - 100000
m%
IL1HiHiLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
900.000
IL1HiLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
800.000
IAmpComp5
-10.000 - 10.000
0.001
0.000
IAmpComp30
-10.000 - 10.000
0.001
0.000
IL1LowLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
0.000
IL1LowLowLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
0.000
828
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
IAmpComp100
-10.000 - 10.000
0.001
0.000
IAngComp5
-10.000 - 10.000
Deg
0.001
0.000
IL1Min
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
0.000
Minimum value
IAngComp30
-10.000 - 10.000
Deg
0.001
0.000
IAngComp100
-10.000 - 10.000
Deg
0.001
0.000
IL1LimHys
0.000 - 100.000
0.001
5.000
IL2ZeroDb
0 - 100000
m%
IL2HiHiLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
900.000
IL2HiLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
800.000
IL2LowLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
0.000
IL2LowLowLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
0.000
IL2Min
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
0.000
Minimum value
IL2LimHys
0.000 - 100.000
0.001
5.000
IL3ZeroDb
0 - 100000
m%
IL3HiHiLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
900.000
IL3HiLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
800.000
IL3LowLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
0.000
IL3LowLowLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
0.000
IL3Min
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
0.000
Minimum value
IL3LimHys
0.000 - 100.000
0.001
5.000
Table 555:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
UL1DbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
Operation
Off
On
Off
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
UL1Max
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
300000.000
Maximum value
829
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
UL1RepTyp
Cyclic
Dead band
Int deadband
Cyclic
Reporting type
UL1LimHys
0.000 - 100.000
0.001
5.000
UL1AnDbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
UL2DbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
UL2Max
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
300000.000
Maximum value
UL2RepTyp
Cyclic
Dead band
Int deadband
Cyclic
Reporting type
UL2LimHys
0.000 - 100.000
0.001
5.000
UL2AnDbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
UL3DbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
UL3Max
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
300000.000
Maximum value
UL3RepTyp
Cyclic
Dead band
Int deadband
Cyclic
Reporting type
UL3LimHys
0.000 - 100.000
0.001
5.000
UL3AnDbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
Table 556:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
UL1ZeroDb
0 - 100000
m%
UL1HiHiLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
260000.000
UL1HiLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
240000.000
UL1LowLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
220000.000
UL1LowLowLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
200000.000
UAmpComp100
-10.000 - 10.000
0.001
0.000
UL1Min
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
0.000
Minimum value
UL2ZeroDb
0 - 100000
m%
UL2HiHiLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
260000.000
Section 15
Monitoring
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
UL2HiLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
240000.000
UL2LowLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
220000.000
UL2LowLowLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
200000.000
UL2Min
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
0.000
Minimum value
UL3ZeroDb
0 - 100000
m%
UL3HiHiLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
260000.000
UL3HiLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
240000.000
UL3LowLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
220000.000
UL3LowLowLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
200000.000
UL3Min
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
0.000
Minimum value
Table 557:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
UL12DbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
Operation
Off
On
Off
UBase
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
UL12Max
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
500000.000
Maximum value
UL12RepTyp
Cyclic
Dead band
Int deadband
Cyclic
Reporting type
UL12AnDbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
UL23DbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
UL23Max
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
500000.000
Maximum value
UL23RepTyp
Cyclic
Dead band
Int deadband
Cyclic
Reporting type
UL23AnDbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
UL31DbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
831
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
UL31Max
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
500000.000
Maximum value
UL31RepTyp
Cyclic
Dead band
Int deadband
Cyclic
Reporting type
UL31AnDbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
Table 558:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
UL12ZeroDb
0 - 100000
m%
UL12HiHiLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
450000.000
UL12HiLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
420000.000
UL12LowLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
380000.000
UL12LowLowLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
350000.000
UAmpComp100
-10.000 - 10.000
0.001
0.000
UL12Min
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
0.000
Minimum value
UL12LimHys
0.000 - 100.000
0.001
5.000
UL23ZeroDb
0 - 100000
m%
UL23HiHiLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
450000.000
UL23HiLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
420000.000
UL23LowLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
380000.000
UL23LowLowLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
350000.000
UL23Min
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
0.000
Minimum value
UL23LimHys
0.000 - 100.000
0.001
5.000
UL31ZeroDb
0 - 100000
m%
UL31HiHiLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
450000.000
UL31HiLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
420000.000
UL31LowLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
380000.000
832
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
UL31LowLowLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
350000.000
UL31Min
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
0.000
Minimum value
UL31LimHys
0.000 - 100.000
0.001
5.000
Table 559:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
3I0DbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
3I0Min
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
0.000
Minimum value
3I0Max
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
1000.000
Maximum value
3I0RepTyp
Cyclic
Dead band
Int deadband
Cyclic
Reporting type
3I0LimHys
0.000 - 100.000
0.001
5.000
3I0AngDbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
Operation
Off
On
Off
3I0AngMin
-180.000 - 180.000
Deg
0.001
-180.000
Minimum value
3I0AngMax
-180.000 - 180.000
Deg
0.001
180.000
Maximum value
3I0AngRepTyp
Cyclic
Dead band
Int deadband
Cyclic
Reporting type
I1DbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
I1Min
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
0.000
Minimum value
I1Max
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
1000.000
Maximum value
I1RepTyp
Cyclic
Dead band
Int deadband
Cyclic
Reporting type
I1AngDbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
I1AngMax
-180.000 - 180.000
Deg
0.001
180.000
Maximum value
I1AngRepTyp
Cyclic
Dead band
Int deadband
Cyclic
Reporting type
I2DbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
I2Min
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
0.000
Minimum value
Section 15
Monitoring
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
I2Max
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
1000.000
Maximum value
I2RepTyp
Cyclic
Dead band
Int deadband
Cyclic
Reporting type
I2LimHys
0.000 - 100.000
0.001
5.000
I2AngDbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
I2AngMin
-180.000 - 180.000
Deg
0.001
-180.000
Minimum value
I2AngRepTyp
Cyclic
Dead band
Int deadband
Cyclic
Reporting type
Table 560:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
3I0ZeroDb
0 - 100000
m%
3I0HiHiLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
900.000
3I0HiLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
800.000
3I0LowLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
0.000
3I0LowLowLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
0.000
3I0AngZeroDb
0 - 100000
m%
I1ZeroDb
0 - 100000
m%
I1HiHiLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
900.000
I1HiLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
800.000
I1LowLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
0.000
I1LowLowLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
0.000
I1LimHys
0.000 - 100.000
0.001
5.000
I1AngZeroDb
0 - 100000
m%
I1AngMin
-180.000 - 180.000
Deg
0.001
-180.000
Minimum value
I2ZeroDb
0 - 100000
m%
I2HiHiLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
900.000
I2HiLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
800.000
I2LowLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
0.000
834
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
I2LowLowLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
0.000
I2AngZeroDb
0 - 100000
m%
I2AngMax
-180.000 - 180.000
Deg
0.001
180.000
Maximum value
Table 561:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
3U0DbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
3U0Min
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
0.000
Minimum value
3U0Max
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
300000.000
Maximum value
3U0RepTyp
Cyclic
Dead band
Int deadband
Cyclic
Reporting type
3U0LimHys
0.000 - 100.000
0.001
5.000
3U0AngDbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
Operation
Off
On
Off
3U0AngZeroDb
0 - 100000
m%
3U0AngMin
-180.000 - 180.000
Deg
0.001
-180.000
Minimum value
3U0AngMax
-180.000 - 180.000
Deg
0.001
180.000
Maximum value
3U0AngRepTyp
Cyclic
Dead band
Int deadband
Cyclic
Reporting type
U1DbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
U1Min
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
0.000
Minimum value
U1Max
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
300000.000
Maximum value
U1RepTyp
Cyclic
Dead band
Int deadband
Cyclic
Reporting type
U1LimHys
0.000 - 100.000
0.001
5.000
U1AngDbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
U2DbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
U2Min
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
0.000
Minimum value
U2Max
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
300000.000
Maximum value
Section 15
Monitoring
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
U2RepTyp
Cyclic
Dead band
Int deadband
Cyclic
Reporting type
U2LimHys
0.000 - 100.000
0.001
5.000
U2AngDbRepInt
1 - 300
Type
10
U2AngMin
-180.000 - 180.000
Deg
0.001
-180.000
Minimum value
U2AngMax
-180.000 - 180.000
Deg
0.001
180.000
Maximum value
U2AngRepTyp
Cyclic
Dead band
Int deadband
Cyclic
Reporting type
UAmpPreComp5
-10.000 - 10.000
0.001
0.000
UAmpPreComp30
-10.000 - 10.000
0.001
0.000
UAmpPreComp100
-10.000 - 10.000
0.001
0.000
Table 562:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
3U0ZeroDb
0 - 100000
m%
3U0HiHiLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
260000.000
3U0HiLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
240000.000
3U0LowLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
220000.000
3U0LowLowLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
200000.000
U1ZeroDb
0 - 100000
m%
U1HiHiLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
260000.000
U1HiLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
240000.000
U1LowLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
220000.000
U1LowLowLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
200000.000
U1AngZeroDb
0 - 100000
m%
U1AngMin
-180.000 - 180.000
Deg
0.001
-180.000
Minimum value
U1AngMax
-180.000 - 180.000
Deg
0.001
180.000
Maximum value
U1AngRepTyp
Cyclic
Dead band
Int deadband
Cyclic
Reporting type
U2ZeroDb
0 - 100000
m%
836
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
U2HiHiLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
260000.000
U2HiLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
240000.000
U2LowLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
220000.000
U2LowLowLim
0.000 10000000000.000
0.001
200000.000
U2AngZeroDb
0 - 100000
m%
15.1.6
Technical data
Table 563:
Function
Range or value
Accuracy
Frequency
(0.95-1.05) fr
2.0 mHz
Voltage
(0.1-1.5) Ur
0.5% of Ur at UUr
0.5% of U at U > Ur
Connected current
(0.2-4.0) Ir
0.5% of Ir at I Ir
0.5% of I at I > Ir
Active power, P
Reactive power, Q
1.0% of Sr at S Sr
1.0% of S at S > Sr
Conditions:
0.8 x Ur < U < 1.2 Ur
0.2 x Ir < I < 1.2 Ir
Apparent power, S
15.2
15.2.1
Identification
Function description
Event counter
IEC 61850
identification
0.02
IEC 60617
identification
CNTGGIO
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
-
S00946 V1 EN
15.2.2
Introduction
Event counter (CNTGGIO) has six counters which are used for storing the number
of times each counter input has been activated.
837
Section 15
Monitoring
15.2.3
Principle of operation
Event counter (CNTGGIO) has six counter inputs. CNTGGIO stores how many
times each of the inputs has been activated. The counter memory for each of the six
inputs is updated, giving the total number of times the input has been activated, as
soon as an input is activated. The maximum count up speed is 10 pulses per
second. The maximum counter value is 10 000. For counts above 10 000 the
counter will stop at 10 000 and no restart will take place.
To not risk that the flash memory is worn out due to too many writings, a
mechanism for limiting the number of writings per time period is included in the
product. This however gives as a result that it can take long time, up to several
minutes, before a new value is stored in the flash memory. And if a new
CNTGGIO value is not stored before auxiliary power interruption, it will be lost.
CNTGGIO stored values in flash memory will however not be lost at an auxiliary
power interruption.
The function block also has an input BLOCK. At activation of this input all six
counters are blocked. The input can for example, be used for blocking the counters
at testing.The function block has an input RESET. At activation of this input all six
counters are set to 0.
All inputs are configured via PCM600.
15.2.3.1
Reporting
The content of the counters can be read in the local HMI.
Reset of counters can be performed in the local HMI and a binary input.
Reading of content can also be performed remotely, for example from a IEC 61850
client. The value can also be presented as a measuring value on the local HMI
graphical display.
15.2.3.2
Design
The function block has six inputs for increasing the counter values for each of the
six counters respectively. The content of the counters are stepped one step for each
positive edge of the input respectively.
The function block also has an input BLOCK. At activation of this input all six
counters are blocked and are not updated. Valid number is held.
The function block has an input RESET. At activation of this input all six counters
are set to 0.
838
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
15.2.4
Function block
CNTGGIO
BLOCK
COUNTER1
COUNTER2
COUNTER3
COUNTER4
COUNTER5
COUNTER6
RESET
VALUE1
VALUE2
VALUE3
VALUE4
VALUE5
VALUE6
IEC05000345-2-en.vsd
IEC05000345 V2 EN
Figure 463:
15.2.5
Input signals
Table 564:
Name
Type
BOOLEAN
Block of function
COUNTER1
BOOLEAN
COUNTER2
BOOLEAN
COUNTER3
BOOLEAN
COUNTER4
BOOLEAN
COUNTER5
BOOLEAN
COUNTER6
BOOLEAN
RESET
BOOLEAN
Reset of function
Name
Table 566:
Description
BLOCK
Table 565:
15.2.6
Default
Type
Description
VALUE1
INTEGER
Output of counter1
VALUE2
INTEGER
Output of counter2
VALUE3
INTEGER
Output of counter3
VALUE4
INTEGER
Output of counter4
VALUE5
INTEGER
Output of counter5
VALUE6
INTEGER
Output of counter6
Setting parameters
CNTGGIO Group settings (basic)
Name
Operation
Values (Range)
Off
On
Unit
-
Step
-
Default
Off
Description
Operation Off / On
839
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
15.2.7
Technical data
Table 567:
Function
15.3
Range or value
Accuracy
Counter value
0-10000
10 pulses/s
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
EVENT
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
-
S00946 V1 EN
15.3.1
Introduction
When using a Substation Automation system with LON or SPA communication,
time-tagged events can be sent at change or cyclically from the IED to the station
level. These events are created from any available signal in the IED that is
connected to the Event function (EVENT). The event function block is used for
LON and SPA communication.
Analog and double indication values are also transferred through EVENT function.
15.3.2
Principle of operation
The main purpose of the event function (EVENT) is to generate events when the
state or value of any of the connected input signals is in a state, or is undergoing a
state transition, for which event generation is enabled.
Each EVENT function has 16 inputs INPUT1 - INPUT16. Each input can be given
a name from the Application Configuration tool. The inputs are normally used to
create single events, but are also intended for double indication events.
EVENT function also has an input BLOCK to block the generation of events.
The events that are sent from the IED can originate from both internal logical
signals and binary input channels. The internal signals are time-tagged in the main
processing module, while the binary input channels are time-tagged directly on the
input module. The time-tagging of the events that are originated from internal
logical signals have a resolution corresponding to the execution cyclicity of
EVENT function. The time-tagging of the events that are originated from binary
input signals have a resolution of 1 ms.
840
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
The outputs from EVENT function are formed by the reading of status, events and
alarms by the station level on every single input. The user-defined name for each
input is intended to be used by the station level.
All events according to the event mask are stored in a buffer, which contains up to
1000 events. If new events appear before the oldest event in the buffer is read, the
oldest event is overwritten and an overflow alarm appears.
The events are produced according to the set-event masks. The event masks are
treated commonly for both the LON and SPA communication. The EventMask can
be set individually for each input channel. These settings are available:
NoEvents
OnSet
OnReset
OnChange
AutoDetect
It is possible to define which part of EVENT function generates the events. This
can be performed individually for the SPAChannelMask and LONChannelMask
respectively. For each communication type these settings are available:
Off
Channel 1-8
Channel 9-16
Channel 1-16
For LON communication the events normally are sent to station level at change. It
is possibly also to set a time for cyclic sending of the events individually for each
input channel.
To protect the SA system from signals with a high change rate that can easily
saturate the event system or the communication subsystems behind it, a quota
limiter is implemented. If an input creates events at a rate that completely consume
the granted quota then further events from the channel will be blocked. This block
will be removed when the input calms down and the accumulated quota reach 66%
of the maximum burst quota. The maximum burst quota per input channel is 45
events per second.
841
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
15.3.3
Function block
EVENT
BLOCK
^INPUT1
^INPUT2
^INPUT3
^INPUT4
^INPUT5
^INPUT6
^INPUT7
^INPUT8
^INPUT9
^INPUT10
^INPUT11
^INPUT12
^INPUT13
^INPUT14
^INPUT15
^INPUT16
IEC05000697-2-en.vsd
IEC05000697 V2 EN
Figure 464:
15.3.4
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
INPUT1
GROUP
SIGNAL
Input 1
INPUT2
GROUP
SIGNAL
Input 2
INPUT3
GROUP
SIGNAL
Input 3
INPUT4
GROUP
SIGNAL
Input 4
INPUT5
GROUP
SIGNAL
Input 5
INPUT6
GROUP
SIGNAL
Input 6
INPUT7
GROUP
SIGNAL
Input 7
INPUT8
GROUP
SIGNAL
Input 8
INPUT9
GROUP
SIGNAL
Input 9
INPUT10
GROUP
SIGNAL
Input 10
INPUT11
GROUP
SIGNAL
Input 11
INPUT12
GROUP
SIGNAL
Input 12
842
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Name
15.3.5
Table 569:
Type
Default
Description
INPUT13
GROUP
SIGNAL
Input 13
INPUT14
GROUP
SIGNAL
Input 14
INPUT15
GROUP
SIGNAL
Input 15
INPUT16
GROUP
SIGNAL
Input 16
Setting parameters
EVENT Non group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
SPAChannelMask
Off
Channel 1-8
Channel 9-16
Channel 1-16
Off
LONChannelMask
Off
Channel 1-8
Channel 9-16
Channel 1-16
Off
EventMask1
NoEvents
OnSet
OnReset
OnChange
AutoDetect
AutoDetect
EventMask2
NoEvents
OnSet
OnReset
OnChange
AutoDetect
AutoDetect
EventMask3
NoEvents
OnSet
OnReset
OnChange
AutoDetect
AutoDetect
EventMask4
NoEvents
OnSet
OnReset
OnChange
AutoDetect
AutoDetect
EventMask5
NoEvents
OnSet
OnReset
OnChange
AutoDetect
AutoDetect
EventMask6
NoEvents
OnSet
OnReset
OnChange
AutoDetect
AutoDetect
843
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
EventMask7
NoEvents
OnSet
OnReset
OnChange
AutoDetect
AutoDetect
EventMask8
NoEvents
OnSet
OnReset
OnChange
AutoDetect
AutoDetect
EventMask9
NoEvents
OnSet
OnReset
OnChange
AutoDetect
AutoDetect
EventMask10
NoEvents
OnSet
OnReset
OnChange
AutoDetect
AutoDetect
EventMask11
NoEvents
OnSet
OnReset
OnChange
AutoDetect
AutoDetect
EventMask12
NoEvents
OnSet
OnReset
OnChange
AutoDetect
AutoDetect
EventMask13
NoEvents
OnSet
OnReset
OnChange
AutoDetect
AutoDetect
EventMask14
NoEvents
OnSet
OnReset
OnChange
AutoDetect
AutoDetect
EventMask15
NoEvents
OnSet
OnReset
OnChange
AutoDetect
AutoDetect
EventMask16
NoEvents
OnSet
OnReset
OnChange
AutoDetect
AutoDetect
MinRepIntVal1
0 - 3600
MinRepIntVal2
0 - 3600
MinRepIntVal3
0 - 3600
MinRepIntVal4
0 - 3600
MinRepIntVal5
0 - 3600
Section 15
Monitoring
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
MinRepIntVal6
0 - 3600
MinRepIntVal7
0 - 3600
MinRepIntVal8
0 - 3600
MinRepIntVal9
0 - 3600
MinRepIntVal10
0 - 3600
MinRepIntVal11
0 - 3600
MinRepIntVal12
0 - 3600
MinRepIntVal13
0 - 3600
MinRepIntVal14
0 - 3600
MinRepIntVal15
0 - 3600
MinRepIntVal16
0 - 3600
15.4
15.4.1
IEC 61850
identification
BINSTATREP
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
-
Introduction
The Logical signal status report (BINSTATREP) function makes it possible for a
SPA master to poll signals from various other functions.
15.4.2
Principle of operation
The Logical signal status report (BINSTATREP) function has 16 inputs and 16
outputs. The output status follows the inputs and can be read from the local HMI or
via SPA communication.
When an input is set, the respective output is set for a user defined time. If the
input signal remains set for a longer period, the output will remain set until the
input signal resets.
845
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
INPUTn
OUTPUTn
t
t
IEC09000732-1-en.vsd
IEC09000732 V1 EN
Figure 465:
15.4.3
Function block
BINSTATREP
OUTPUT1
BLOCK
^INPUT1
OUTPUT2
^INPUT2
OUTPUT3
^INPUT3
OUTPUT4
^INPUT4
OUTPUT5
^INPUT5
OUTPUT6
^INPUT6
OUTPUT7
^INPUT7
OUTPUT8
^INPUT8
OUTPUT9
^INPUT9
OUTPUT10
^INPUT10
OUTPUT11
^INPUT11
OUTPUT12
^INPUT12
OUTPUT13
^INPUT13
OUTPUT14
^INPUT14
OUTPUT15
^INPUT15
OUTPUT16
^INPUT16
IEC09000730-1-en.vsd
IEC09000730 V1 EN
Figure 466:
15.4.4
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
INPUT1
BOOLEAN
INPUT2
BOOLEAN
INPUT3
BOOLEAN
INPUT4
BOOLEAN
INPUT5
BOOLEAN
INPUT6
BOOLEAN
INPUT7
BOOLEAN
INPUT8
BOOLEAN
INPUT9
BOOLEAN
Section 15
Monitoring
Name
Type
INPUT11
BOOLEAN
INPUT12
BOOLEAN
INPUT13
BOOLEAN
INPUT14
BOOLEAN
INPUT15
BOOLEAN
INPUT16
BOOLEAN
Name
Table 572:
Description
BOOLEAN
Table 571:
15.4.5
Default
INPUT10
Type
Description
OUTPUT1
BOOLEAN
OUTPUT2
BOOLEAN
OUTPUT3
BOOLEAN
OUTPUT4
BOOLEAN
OUTPUT5
BOOLEAN
OUTPUT6
BOOLEAN
OUTPUT7
BOOLEAN
OUTPUT8
BOOLEAN
OUTPUT9
BOOLEAN
OUTPUT10
BOOLEAN
OUTPUT11
BOOLEAN
OUTPUT12
BOOLEAN
OUTPUT13
BOOLEAN
OUTPUT14
BOOLEAN
OUTPUT15
BOOLEAN
OUTPUT16
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
BINSTATREP Non group settings (basic)
Name
t
15.5
Values (Range)
0.000 - 60000.000
Unit
s
Step
0.001
Default
10.000
Description
Time delay of function
IEC 61850
identification
LMBRFLO
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
-
847
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
15.5.1
Introduction
The accurate fault locator is an essential component to minimize the outages after a
persistent fault and/or to pin-point a weak spot on the line.
The fault locator is an impedance measuring function giving the distance to the
fault in percent, km or miles. The main advantage is the high accuracy achieved by
compensating for load current and for the mutual zero-sequence effect on double
circuit lines.
The compensation includes setting of the remote and local sources and calculation
of the distribution of fault currents from each side. This distribution of fault
current, together with recorded load (pre-fault) currents, is used to exactly calculate
the fault position. The fault can be recalculated with new source data at the actual
fault to further increase the accuracy.
Especially on heavily loaded long lines (where the fault locator is most important)
where the source voltage angles can be up to 35-40 degrees apart the accuracy can
be still maintained with the advanced compensation included in fault locator.
15.5.2
Principle of operation
The Fault locator (LMBRFLO) in the IED is an essential complement to other
monitoring functions, since it measures and indicates the distance to the fault with
great accuracy.
When calculating distance to fault, pre-fault and fault phasors of currents and
voltages are selected from the Trip value recorder data, thus the analog signals used
by the fault locator must be among those connected to the disturbance report
function. The analog configuration (channel selection) is performed using the
parameter setting tool within PCM600.
The calculation algorithm considers the effect of load currents, double-end infeed
and additional fault resistance.
R0L+jX0L
R1L+jX1L
R1A+jX1A
Z0m=Z0m+jX0m
R1B+jX1B
R0L+jX0L
R1L+jX1L
DRPRDRE
LMBRFLO
IEC05000045_2_en.vsd
IEC05000045 V2 EN
Figure 467:
848
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
If source impedance in the near and far end of the protected line have changed in a
significant manner relative to the set values at fault location calculation time (due
to exceptional switching state in the immediate network, power generation out of
order, and so on), new values can be entered via the local HMI and a recalculation
of the distance to the fault can be ordered using the algorithm described below. Its
also possible to change fault loop. In this way, a more accurate location of the fault
can be achieved.
The function indicates the distance to the fault as a percentage of the line length, in
kilometers or miles as selected on the local HMI. The fault location is stored as a
part of the disturbance report information (ER, DR, IND, TVR and FL) and
managed via the local HMI or PCM600.
15.5.2.1
Measuring Principle
For transmission lines with voltage sources at both line ends, the effect of doubleend infeed and additional fault resistance must be considered when calculating the
distance to the fault from the currents and voltages at one line end. If this is not
done, the accuracy of the calculated figure will vary with the load flow and the
amount of additional fault resistance.
The calculation algorithm used in the fault locator in compensates for the effect of
double-end infeed, additional fault resistance and load current.
15.5.2.2
849
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
L
F
ZA
A
IA
pZL
IB
(1-p).ZL
ZB
IF
UA
RF
xx01000171.vsd
IEC01000171 V1 EN
Figure 468:
EQUATION95 V1 EN
Where:
IA
is the line current after the fault, that is, pre-fault current plus current change due to the fault,
IF
EQUATION96 V1 EN
Where:
IFA
DA
is a fault current-distribution factor, that is, the ratio between the fault current at line end A
and the total fault current.
(Equation 181)
850
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Thus, the general fault location equation for a single line is:
I FA
- RF
U A = I A p Z L + ------DA
(Equation 182)
EQUATION98 V1 EN
Table 573:
Fault type:
L1-N
UA
UL1A
IA
IL1A + KN x INA
IFA
3
--- D ( I L1A I 0A )
2
EQUATION110 V1 EN
L2-N
UL2A
IL2A + KN x INA
L3-N
UL3A
IL3A + KN x INA
3
--- D ( I L2A I 0A )
2
EQUATION111 V1 EN
3
--- D ( I L3A I0A )
2
EQUATION112 V1 EN
L1-L2-L3, L1-L2,L1-L2N
UL1A-UL2A
IL1A - IL2A
L2-L3, L2-L3-N
UL2A-UL3A
IL2A - IL3A
L3-L1, L3-L1-N
UL3A-UL1A
IL3A - IL1A
DIL 1 L 2 A
EQUATION113 V1 EN
DIL2L3A
EQUATION114 V1 EN
DIL3L1A
EQUATION115 V1 EN
The KN complex quantity for zero-sequence compensation for the single line is
equal to:
Z0L Z 1L
K N = -----------------------3 Z1L
EQUATION99 V1 EN
(Equation 183)
DI is the change in current, that is the current after the fault minus the current
before the fault.
In the following, the positive sequence impedance for ZA, ZB and ZL is inserted
into the equations, because this is the value used in the algorithm.
For double lines, the fault equation is:
851
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
I FA
U A = I A p Z 1L + -------- RF + I 0P Z 0M
DA
(Equation 184)
EQUATION100 V1 EN
Where:
I0P
Z0M
DA
( 1 p ) ( ZA + ZA L + ZB ) + Z B
DA = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------2 ZA + Z L + 2 Z B
EQUATION101 V1 EN
(Equation 185)
From these equations it can be seen, that, if Z0m = 0, then the general fault location
equation for a single line is obtained. Only the distribution factor differs in these
two cases.
Because the DA distribution factor according to equation 182 or 184 is a function
of p, the general equation 184 can be written in the form:
2
p p K1 + K2 K3 RF = 0
EQUATION103 V1 EN
(Equation 186)
Where:
UA
ZB
- + --------------------------+1
K 1 = --------------I A ZL Z L + ZA DD
EQUATION104 V1 EN
(Equation 187)
UA
ZB
K2 = --------------- --------------------------- + 1
IA Z L Z L + Z A DD
EQUATION105 V1 EN
(Equation 188)
IF A ZA + ZB
- --------------------------- + 1
K 3 = --------------
I A Z L Z 1 + ZA DD
EQUATION106 V1 EN
(Equation 189)
and:
852
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
For a single line, Z0M = 0 and ZADD = 0. Thus, equation 186 applies to both single
and parallel lines.
Equation 186 can be divided into real and imaginary parts:
2
p p Re ( K 1 ) + Re ( K 2 ) R F Re ( K 3 ) = 0
EQUATION107 V1 EN
(Equation 190)
p Im ( K1 ) + Im ( K 2 ) R F Im ( K3 ) = 0
EQUATION108 V1 EN
(Equation 191)
If the imaginary part of K3 is not zero, RF can be solved according to equation 191,
and then inserted to equation 190. According to equation 190, the relative distance
to the fault is solved as the root of a quadratic equation.
Equation 190 gives two different values for the relative distance to the fault as a
solution. A simplified load compensated algorithm, which gives an unequivocal
figure for the relative distance to the fault, is used to establish the value that should
be selected.
If the load compensated algorithms according to the above do not give a reliable
solution, a less accurate, non-compensated impedance model is used to calculate
the relative distance to the fault.
15.5.2.3
(Equation 192)
Where:
IA
853
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
15.5.2.4
IEC 60870-5-103
The communication protocol IEC 60870-5-103 may be used to poll fault location
information from the IED to a master (that is station HSI). There are two outputs
that must be connected to appropriate inputs on the function block I103StatFltDis,
FLTDISTX gives distance to fault (reactance, according the standard) and
CALCMADE gives a pulse (100 ms) when a result is obtainable on FLTDISTX
output.
15.5.3
Function block
LMBRFLO
PHSELL1*
FLTDISTX
PHSELL2*
CALCMADE
PHSELL3*
BCD_80
CALCDIST*
BCD_40
BCD_20
BCD_10
BCD_8
BCD_4
BCD_2
BCD_1
IEC05000679-2-en.vsd
IEC05000679 V3 EN
Figure 469:
15.5.4
Default
Description
PHSELL1
BOOLEAN
Phase selecton L1
PHSELL2
BOOLEAN
Phase selecton L2
PHSELL3
BOOLEAN
Phase selecton L3
CALCDIST
BOOLEAN
Table 575:
Name
Description
FLTDISTX
REAL
CALCMADE
BOOLEAN
BCD_80
BOOLEAN
BCD_40
BOOLEAN
BCD_20
BOOLEAN
BCD_10
BOOLEAN
BCD_8
BOOLEAN
BCD_4
BOOLEAN
BCD_2
BOOLEAN
BCD_1
BOOLEAN
854
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
15.5.5
Table 576:
Setting parameters
LMBRFLO Group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
R1A
0.001 - 1500.000
ohm/p
0.001
2.000
X1A
0.001 - 1500.000
ohm/p
0.001
12.000
R1B
0.001 - 1500.000
ohm/p
0.001
2.000
X1B
0.001 - 1500.000
ohm/p
0.001
12.000
R1L
0.001 - 1500.000
ohm/p
0.001
2.000
X1L
0.001 - 1500.000
ohm/p
0.001
12.500
R0L
0.001 - 1500.000
ohm/p
0.001
8.750
X0L
0.001 - 1500.000
ohm/p
0.001
50.000
R0M
0.000 - 1500.000
ohm/p
0.001
0.000
X0M
0.000 - 1500.000
ohm/p
0.001
0.000
LineLength
0.0 - 10000.0
0.1
40.0
Length of line
Step
Default
Table 577:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Description
DrepChNoIL1
1 - 30
Ch
DrepChNoIL2
1 - 30
Ch
DrepChNoIL3
1 - 30
Ch
DrepChNoIN
0 - 30
Ch
DrepChNoIP
0 - 30
Ch
DrepChNoUL1
1 - 30
Ch
DrepChNoUL2
1 - 30
Ch
DrepChNoUL3
1 - 30
Ch
855
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
15.5.6
Technical data
Table 578:
Function
15.6
Value or range
(0.001-1500.000) /phase
Phase selection
100
15.6.1
Accuracy
IEC 61850
identification
RANGE_XP
IEC 60617
identification
-
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
-
Introduction
The current and voltage measurements functions (CVMMXN, CMMXU, VMMXU
and VNMMXU), current and voltage sequence measurement functions (CMSQI
and VMSQI) and IEC 61850 generic communication I/O functions (MVGGIO) are
provided with measurement supervision functionality. All measured values can be
supervised with four settable limits: low-low limit, low limit, high limit and highhigh limit. The measure value expander block (RANGE_XP) has been introduced
to enable translating the integer output signal from the measuring functions to 5
binary signals: below low-low limit, below low limit, normal, above high-high
limit or above high limit. The output signals can be used as conditions in the
configurable logic or for alarming purpose.
15.6.2
Principle of operation
The input signal must be connected to a range output of a measuring function block
(CVMMXN, CMMXU, VMMXU, VNMMXU, CMSQI, VMSQ or MVGGIO).
The function block converts the input integer value to five binary output signals
according to table 579.
856
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Table 579:
Measured supervised
value is:
Output:
LOWLOW
between low
and high limit
High
LOW
High
NORMAL
High
HIGH
High
HIGHHIGH
15.6.3
High
Function block
RANGE*
RANGE_XP
HIGHHIGH
HIGH
NORMAL
LOW
LOWLOW
IEC05000346-2-en.vsd
IEC05000346 V2 EN
Figure 470:
15.6.4
Table 581:
Name
15.7
Default
0
Description
Measured value range
Description
HIGHHIGH
BOOLEAN
HIGH
BOOLEAN
NORMAL
BOOLEAN
LOW
BOOLEAN
LOWLOW
BOOLEAN
857
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Function description
15.7.1
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
A41RADR
Disturbance report
DRPRDRE
Disturbance report
A1RADR
Disturbance report
A4RADR
Disturbance report
B1RBDR
Introduction
Complete and reliable information about disturbances in the primary and/or in the
secondary system together with continuous event-logging is accomplished by the
disturbance report functionality.
Disturbance report DRPRDRE, always included in the IED, acquires sampled data
of all selected analog input and binary signals connected to the function block with
a, maximum of 40 analog and 96 binary signals.
The Disturbance report functionality is a common name for several functions:
Event list
Indications
Event recorder
Trip value recorder
Disturbance recorder
Fault locator
15.7.2
Principle of operation
Disturbance report DRPRDRE is a common name for several functions to supply
the operator, analysis engineer, and so on, with sufficient information about events
in the system.
The functions included in the disturbance report are:
858
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Figure 471 shows the relations between Disturbance Report, included functions
and function blocks. Event list (EL), Event recorder (ER) and Indications (IND)
uses information from the binary input function blocks (BxRBDR). Trip value
recorder (TVR) uses analog information from the analog input function blocks
(AxRADR). Disturbance recorder DRPRDRE acquires information from both
AxRADR and BxRBDR.
Disturbance Report
A1-4RADR
A4RADR
DRPRDRE
FL
Analog signals
Trip value rec
B1-6RBDR
Binary signals
Fault locator
Disturbance
recorder
B6RBDR
Event list
Event recorder
Indications
IEC09000336-2-en.vsd
IEC09000336 V2 EN
Figure 471:
The whole disturbance report can contain information for a number of recordings,
each with the data coming from all the parts mentioned above. The event list
function is working continuously, independent of disturbance triggering, recording
time, and so on. All information in the disturbance report is stored in non-volatile
flash memories. This implies that no information is lost in case of loss of auxiliary
power. Each report will get an identification number in the interval from 0-999.
859
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Disturbance report
Record no. N
General dist.
information
Trip
values
Indications
Event
recordings
Disturbance
recording
Fault locator
Event list
en05000125.vsd
IEC05000125 V1 EN
Figure 472:
Number of recordings
100
3,4 s
20 analog
96 binary
3,4 s
80
40 analog
96 binary
60
6,3 s
6,3 s
50 Hz
6,3 s
40
60 Hz
300
350
400 s
en05000488.vsd
IEC05000488 V1 EN
Figure 473:
860
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
The IED flash disk should NOT be used to store any user files. This
might cause disturbance recordings to be deleted due to lack of disk
space.
Disturbance information
Date and time of the disturbance, the indications, events, fault location and the trip
values are available on the local HMI. To acquire a complete disturbance report the
user must use a PC and - either the PCM600 Disturbance handling tool - or a FTP
or MMS (over 61850) client. The PC can be connected to the IED front, rear or
remotely via the station bus (Ethernet ports).
Indications (IND)
Indications is a list of signals that were activated during the total recording time of
the disturbance (not time-tagged), see section "Indications" for more detailed
information.
The event recorder may contain a list of up to 150 time-tagged events, which have
occurred during the disturbance. The information is available via the local HMI or
PCM600, see section "Event recorder" for more detailed information.
The event list may contain a list of totally 1000 time-tagged events. The list
information is continuously updated when selected binary signals change state. The
oldest data is overwritten. The logged signals may be presented via local HMI or
PCM600, see section "Event list" for more detailed information.
The recorded trip values include phasors of selected analog signals before the fault
and during the fault, see section "Trip value recorder" for more detailed information.
Disturbance recorder records analog and binary signal data before, during and after
the fault, see section "Disturbance recorder" for more detailed information.
The fault location function calculates the distance to fault, see section "Fault
locator LMBRFLO" for more detailed information.
Time tagging
The IED has a built-in real-time calendar and clock. This function is used for all
time tagging within the disturbance report
861
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Recording times
tRecording =
Trig point
TimeLimit
PreFaultRecT
PostFaultRecT
3
en05000487.vsd
IEC05000487 V1 EN
Figure 474:
PreFaultRecT, 1
Pre-fault or pre-trigger recording time. The time before the fault including the
operate time of the trigger. Use the setting PreFaultRecT to set this time.
tFault, 2
Fault time of the recording. The fault time cannot be set. It continues as long as
any valid trigger condition, binary or analog, persists (unless limited by TimeLimit
the limit time).
PostFaultRecT, 3 Post fault recording time. The time the disturbance recording continues after all
activated triggers are reset. Use the setting PostFaultRecT to set this time.
TimeLimit
Limit time. The maximum allowed recording time after the disturbance recording
was triggered. The limit time is used to eliminate the consequences of a trigger
that does not reset within a reasonable time interval. It limits the maximum
recording time of a recording and prevents subsequent overwriting of already
stored disturbances. Use the setting TimeLimit to set this time.
Analog signals
862
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
A1RADR
SMAI
External
analogue
signals
Block
^GRP2L1
AI3P
AI1
^GRP2L2
^GRP2L3
AI2
AI3
INPUT2
^GRP2N
Type
AI4
AIN
INPUT4
A2RADR
INPUT1
A3RADR
INPUT3
INPUT5
INPUT6
...
A4RADR
INPUT31
INPUT32
INPUT33
INPUT34
INPUT35
INPUT36
...
INPUT40
IEC10000029-1-en.vsd
IEC10000029 V1 EN
Figure 475:
The external input signals will be acquired, filtered and skewed and (after
configuration) available as an input signal on the AxRADR function block via the
SMAI function block. The information is saved at the Disturbance report base
sampling rate (1000 or 1200 Hz). Internally calculated signals are updated
according to the cycle time of the specific function. If a function is running at
lower speed than the base sampling rate, Disturbance recorder will use the latest
updated sample until a new updated sample is available.
If the IED is preconfigured the only tool needed for analog configuration of the
Disturbance report is the Signal Matrix Tool (SMT, external signal configuration).
In case of modification of a preconfigured IED or general internal configuration the
Application Configuration tool within PCM600 is used.
The preprocessor function block (SMAI) calculates the residual quantities in cases
where only the three phases are connected (AI4-input not used).SMAI makes the
information available as a group signal output, phase outputs and calculated
residual output (AIN-output). In situations where AI4-input is used as an input
signal the corresponding information is available on the non-calculated output
(AI4) on the SMAI function block. Connect the signals to the AxRADR accordingly.
For each of the analog signals, Operation = On means that it is recorded by the
disturbance recorder. The trigger is independent of the setting of Operation, and
triggers even if operation is set to Off. Both undervoltage and overvoltage can be
used as trigger conditions. The same applies for the current signals.
863
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Binary signals
Trigger signals
The trigger conditions affect the entire disturbance report, except the event list,
which runs continuously. As soon as at least one trigger condition is fulfilled, a
complete disturbance report is recorded. On the other hand, if no trigger condition
is fulfilled, there is no disturbance report, no indications, and so on. This implies
the importance of choosing the right signals as trigger conditions.
A trigger can be of type:
Manual trigger
Binary-signal trigger
Analog-signal trigger (over/under function)
Manual trigger
A disturbance report can be manually triggered from the local HMI, PCM600 or
via station bus (IEC 61850). When the trigger is activated, the manual trigger
signal is generated. This feature is especially useful for testing. Refer to the
operator's manual for procedure.
Binary-signal trigger
Any binary signal state (logic one or a logic zero) can be selected to generate a
trigger (Triglevel = Trig on 0/Trig on 1). When a binary signal is selected to
864
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
generate a trigger from a logic zero, the selected signal will not be listed in the
indications list of the disturbance report.
Analog-signal trigger
All analog signals are available for trigger purposes, no matter if they are recorded
in the disturbance recorder or not. The settings are OverTrigOp, UnderTrigOp,
OverTrigLe and UnderTrigLe.
The check of the trigger condition is based on peak-to-peak values. When this is
found, the absolute average value of these two peak values is calculated. If the
average value is above the threshold level for an overvoltage or overcurrent trigger,
this trigger is indicated with a greater than (>) sign with the user-defined name.
If the average value is below the set threshold level for an undervoltage or
undercurrent trigger, this trigger is indicated with a less than (<) sign with its name.
The procedure is separately performed for each channel.
This method of checking the analog start conditions gives a function which is
insensitive to DC offset in the signal. The operate time for this start is typically in
the range of one cycle, 20 ms for a 50 Hz network.
All under/over trig signal information is available on the local HMI and PCM600.
Post Retrigger
Disturbance report function does not respond to any new trig condition, during a
recording. Under certain circumstances the fault condition may reoccur during the
post-fault recording, for instance by automatic reclosing to a still faulty power line.
In order to capture the new disturbance it is possible to allow retriggering
(PostRetrig = On) during the post-fault time. In this case a new, complete
recording will start and, during a period, run in parallel with the initial recording.
When the retrig parameter is disabled (PostRetrig = Off), a new recording will not
start until the post-fault (PostFaultrecT or TimeLimit) period is terminated. If a
new trig occurs during the post-fault period and lasts longer than the proceeding
recording a new complete recording will be fetched.
Disturbance report function can handle maximum 3 simultaneous disturbance
recordings.
15.7.3
Function block
DRPRDRE
DRPOFF
RECSTART
RECMADE
CLEARED
MEMUSED
IEC05000406-3-en.vsd
IEC05000406 V3 EN
Figure 476:
865
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
A1RADR
^INPUT1
^INPUT2
^INPUT3
^INPUT4
^INPUT5
^INPUT6
^INPUT7
^INPUT8
^INPUT9
^INPUT10
IEC05000430-3-en.vsd
IEC05000430 V3 EN
Figure 477:
A4RADR
^INPUT31
^INPUT32
^INPUT33
^INPUT34
^INPUT35
^INPUT36
^INPUT37
^INPUT38
^INPUT39
^INPUT40
IEC05000431-3-en.vsd
IEC05000431 V3 EN
Figure 478:
B1RBDR
^INPUT1
^INPUT2
^INPUT3
^INPUT4
^INPUT5
^INPUT6
^INPUT7
^INPUT8
^INPUT9
^INPUT10
^INPUT11
^INPUT12
^INPUT13
^INPUT14
^INPUT15
^INPUT16
IEC05000432-3-en.vsd
IEC05000432 V3 EN
Figure 479:
866
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
15.7.4
Description
DRPOFF
BOOLEAN
RECSTART
BOOLEAN
RECMADE
BOOLEAN
CLEARED
BOOLEAN
MEMUSED
BOOLEAN
Table 583:
Name
Default
Description
INPUT1
GROUP
SIGNAL
INPUT2
GROUP
SIGNAL
INPUT3
GROUP
SIGNAL
INPUT4
GROUP
SIGNAL
INPUT5
GROUP
SIGNAL
INPUT6
GROUP
SIGNAL
INPUT7
GROUP
SIGNAL
INPUT8
GROUP
SIGNAL
INPUT9
GROUP
SIGNAL
INPUT10
GROUP
SIGNAL
Table 584:
Name
Default
Description
INPUT31
REAL
Analogue channel 31
INPUT32
REAL
Analogue channel 32
INPUT33
REAL
Analogue channel 33
INPUT34
REAL
Analogue channel 34
INPUT35
REAL
Analogue channel 35
INPUT36
REAL
Analogue channel 36
INPUT37
REAL
Analogue channel 37
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Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Name
Type
Analogue channel 38
INPUT39
REAL
Analogue channel 39
INPUT40
REAL
Analogue channel 40
Name
Table 586:
Name
Description
REAL
Table 585:
15.7.5
Default
INPUT38
Type
Default
Description
INPUT1
BOOLEAN
Binary channel 1
INPUT2
BOOLEAN
Binary channel 2
INPUT3
BOOLEAN
Binary channel 3
INPUT4
BOOLEAN
Binary channel 4
INPUT5
BOOLEAN
Binary channel 5
INPUT6
BOOLEAN
Binary channel 6
INPUT7
BOOLEAN
Binary channel 7
INPUT8
BOOLEAN
Binary channel 8
INPUT9
BOOLEAN
Binary channel 9
INPUT10
BOOLEAN
Binary channel 10
INPUT11
BOOLEAN
Binary channel 11
INPUT12
BOOLEAN
Binary channel 12
INPUT13
BOOLEAN
Binary channel 13
INPUT14
BOOLEAN
Binary channel 14
INPUT15
BOOLEAN
Binary channel 15
INPUT16
BOOLEAN
Binary channel 16
Setting parameters
DRPRDRE Non group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off/On
PreFaultRecT
0.05 - 9.90
0.01
0.10
PostFaultRecT
0.1 - 10.0
0.1
0.5
TimeLimit
0.5 - 10.0
0.1
1.0
PostRetrig
Off
On
Off
ZeroAngleRef
1 - 30
Ch
OpModeTest
Off
On
Off
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Monitoring
Table 587:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation01
Off
On
Off
Operation On/Off
NomValue01
0.0 - 999999.9
0.1
0.0
UnderTrigOp01
Off
On
Off
UnderTrigLe01
0 - 200
50
OverTrigOp01
Off
On
Off
OverTrigLe01
0 - 5000
200
Operation02
Off
On
Off
Operation On/Off
NomValue02
0.0 - 999999.9
0.1
0.0
UnderTrigOp02
Off
On
Off
UnderTrigLe02
0 - 200
50
OverTrigOp02
Off
On
Off
OverTrigLe02
0 - 5000
200
Operation03
Off
On
Off
Operation On/Off
NomValue03
0.0 - 999999.9
0.1
0.0
UnderTrigOp03
Off
On
Off
UnderTrigLe03
0 - 200
50
OverTrigOp03
Off
On
Off
OverTrigLe03
0 - 5000
200
Operation04
Off
On
Off
Operation On/Off
NomValue04
0.0 - 999999.9
0.1
0.0
UnderTrigOp04
Off
On
Off
UnderTrigLe04
0 - 200
50
OverTrigOp04
Off
On
Off
OverTrigLe04
0 - 5000
200
Operation05
Off
On
Off
Operation On/Off
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Monitoring
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
NomValue05
0.0 - 999999.9
0.1
0.0
UnderTrigOp05
Off
On
Off
UnderTrigLe05
0 - 200
50
OverTrigOp05
Off
On
Off
OverTrigLe05
0 - 5000
200
Operation06
Off
On
Off
Operation On/Off
NomValue06
0.0 - 999999.9
0.1
0.0
UnderTrigOp06
Off
On
Off
UnderTrigLe06
0 - 200
50
OverTrigOp06
Off
On
Off
OverTrigLe06
0 - 5000
200
Operation07
Off
On
Off
Operation On/Off
NomValue07
0.0 - 999999.9
0.1
0.0
UnderTrigOp07
Off
On
Off
UnderTrigLe07
0 - 200
50
OverTrigOp07
Off
On
Off
OverTrigLe07
0 - 5000
200
Operation08
Off
On
Off
Operation On/Off
NomValue08
0.0 - 999999.9
0.1
0.0
UnderTrigOp08
Off
On
Off
UnderTrigLe08
0 - 200
50
OverTrigOp08
Off
On
Off
OverTrigLe08
0 - 5000
200
Operation09
Off
On
Off
Operation On/Off
NomValue09
0.0 - 999999.9
0.1
0.0
UnderTrigOp09
Off
On
Off
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Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
UnderTrigLe09
0 - 200
50
OverTrigOp09
Off
On
Off
OverTrigLe09
0 - 5000
200
Operation10
Off
On
Off
Operation On/Off
NomValue10
0.0 - 999999.9
0.1
0.0
UnderTrigOp10
Off
On
Off
UnderTrigLe10
0 - 200
50
OverTrigOp10
Off
On
Off
OverTrigLe10
0 - 5000
200
Table 588:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation31
Off
On
Off
Operation On/off
NomValue31
0.0 - 999999.9
0.1
0.0
UnderTrigOp31
Off
On
Off
UnderTrigLe31
0 - 200
50
OverTrigOp31
Off
On
Off
OverTrigLe31
0 - 5000
200
Operation32
Off
On
Off
Operation On/off
NomValue32
0.0 - 999999.9
0.1
0.0
UnderTrigOp32
Off
On
Off
UnderTrigLe32
0 - 200
50
OverTrigOp32
Off
On
Off
OverTrigLe32
0 - 5000
200
Operation33
Off
On
Off
Operation On/off
NomValue33
0.0 - 999999.9
0.1
0.0
UnderTrigOp33
Off
On
Off
Section 15
Monitoring
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
UnderTrigLe33
0 - 200
50
OverTrigOp33
Off
On
Off
OverTrigLe33
0 - 5000
200
Operation34
Off
On
Off
Operation On/off
NomValue34
0.0 - 999999.9
0.1
0.0
UnderTrigOp34
Off
On
Off
UnderTrigLe34
0 - 200
50
OverTrigOp34
Off
On
Off
OverTrigLe34
0 - 5000
200
Operation35
Off
On
Off
Operation On/off
NomValue35
0.0 - 999999.9
0.1
0.0
UnderTrigOp35
Off
On
Off
UnderTrigLe35
0 - 200
50
OverTrigOp35
Off
On
Off
OverTrigLe35
0 - 5000
200
Operation36
Off
On
Off
Operation On/off
NomValue36
0.0 - 999999.9
0.1
0.0
UnderTrigOp36
Off
On
Off
UnderTrigLe36
0 - 200
50
OverTrigOp36
Off
On
Off
OverTrigLe36
0 - 5000
200
Operation37
Off
On
Off
Operation On/off
NomValue37
0.0 - 999999.9
0.1
0.0
UnderTrigOp37
Off
On
Off
UnderTrigLe37
0 - 200
50
OverTrigOp37
Off
On
Off
Section 15
Monitoring
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
OverTrigLe37
0 - 5000
200
Operation38
Off
On
Off
Operation On/off
NomValue38
0.0 - 999999.9
0.1
0.0
UnderTrigOp38
Off
On
Off
UnderTrigLe38
0 - 200
50
OverTrigOp38
Off
On
Off
OverTrigLe38
0 - 5000
200
Operation39
Off
On
Off
Operation On/off
NomValue39
0.0 - 999999.9
0.1
0.0
UnderTrigOp39
Off
On
Off
UnderTrigLe39
0 - 200
50
OverTrigOp39
Off
On
Off
OverTrigLe39
0 - 5000
200
Operation40
Off
On
Off
Operation On/off
NomValue40
0.0 - 999999.9
0.1
0.0
UnderTrigOp40
Off
On
Off
UnderTrigLe40
0 - 200
50
OverTrigOp40
Off
On
Off
OverTrigLe40
0 - 5000
200
Table 589:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation01
Off
On
Off
TrigLevel01
Trig on 0
Trig on 1
Trig on 1
IndicationMa01
Hide
Show
Hide
SetLED01
Off
On
Off
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Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation02
Off
On
Off
TrigLevel02
Trig on 0
Trig on 1
Trig on 1
IndicationMa02
Hide
Show
Hide
SetLED02
Off
On
Off
Operation03
Off
On
Off
TrigLevel03
Trig on 0
Trig on 1
Trig on 1
IndicationMa03
Hide
Show
Hide
SetLED03
Off
On
Off
Operation04
Off
On
Off
TrigLevel04
Trig on 0
Trig on 1
Trig on 1
IndicationMa04
Hide
Show
Hide
SetLED04
Off
On
Off
Operation05
Off
On
Off
TrigLevel05
Trig on 0
Trig on 1
Trig on 1
IndicationMa05
Hide
Show
Hide
SetLED05
Off
On
Off
Operation06
Off
On
Off
TrigLevel06
Trig on 0
Trig on 1
Trig on 1
IndicationMa06
Hide
Show
Hide
SetLED06
Off
On
Off
Operation07
Off
On
Off
TrigLevel07
Trig on 0
Trig on 1
Trig on 1
IndicationMa07
Hide
Show
Hide
SetLED07
Off
On
Off
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Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation08
Off
On
Off
TrigLevel08
Trig on 0
Trig on 1
Trig on 1
IndicationMa08
Hide
Show
Hide
SetLED08
Off
On
Off
Operation09
Off
On
Off
TrigLevel09
Trig on 0
Trig on 1
Trig on 1
IndicationMa09
Hide
Show
Hide
SetLED09
Off
On
Off
Operation10
Off
On
Off
TrigLevel10
Trig on 0
Trig on 1
Trig on 1
IndicationMa10
Hide
Show
Hide
SetLED10
Off
On
Off
Operation11
Off
On
Off
TrigLevel11
Trig on 0
Trig on 1
Trig on 1
IndicationMa11
Hide
Show
Hide
SetLED11
Off
On
Off
Operation12
Off
On
Off
TrigLevel12
Trig on 0
Trig on 1
Trig on 1
IndicationMa12
Hide
Show
Hide
SetLED12
Off
On
Off
Operation13
Off
On
Off
TrigLevel13
Trig on 0
Trig on 1
Trig on 1
IndicationMa13
Hide
Show
Hide
SetLED13
Off
On
Off
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Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation14
Off
On
Off
TrigLevel14
Trig on 0
Trig on 1
Trig on 1
IndicationMa14
Hide
Show
Hide
SetLED14
Off
On
Off
Operation15
Off
On
Off
TrigLevel15
Trig on 0
Trig on 1
Trig on 1
IndicationMa15
Hide
Show
Hide
SetLED15
Off
On
Off
Operation16
Off
On
Off
TrigLevel16
Trig on 0
Trig on 1
Trig on 1
IndicationMa16
Hide
Show
Hide
SetLED16
Off
On
Off
FUNT1
0 - 255
FunT
FUNT2
0 - 255
FunT
FUNT3
0 - 255
FunT
FUNT4
0 - 255
FunT
FUNT5
0 - 255
FunT
FUNT6
0 - 255
FunT
FUNT7
0 - 255
FunT
FUNT8
0 - 255
FunT
FUNT9
0 - 255
FunT
FUNT10
0 - 255
FunT
FUNT11
0 - 255
FunT
FUNT12
0 - 255
FunT
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Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
FUNT13
0 - 255
FunT
FUNT14
0 - 255
FunT
FUNT15
0 - 255
FunT
FUNT16
0 - 255
FunT
INFNO1
0 - 255
InfNo
INFNO2
0 - 255
InfNo
INFNO3
0 - 255
InfNo
INFNO4
0 - 255
InfNo
INFNO5
0 - 255
InfNo
INFNO6
0 - 255
InfNo
INFNO7
0 - 255
InfNo
INFNO8
0 - 255
InfNo
INFNO9
0 - 255
InfNo
INFNO10
0 - 255
InfNo
INFNO11
0 - 255
InfNo
INFNO12
0 - 255
InfNo
INFNO13
0 - 255
InfNo
INFNO14
0 - 255
InfNo
INFNO15
0 - 255
InfNo
INFNO16
0 - 255
InfNo
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Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
15.7.6
Technical data
Table 590:
Function
Range or value
Accuracy
Pre-fault time
(0.059.90) s
Post-fault time
(0.110.0) s
Limit time
(0.510.0) s
1 ms
See table 28
30 + 10 (external + internally
derived)
96
30
96
150
Sampling rate
1 kHz at 50 Hz
1.2 kHz at 60 Hz
Recording bandwidth
(5-300) Hz
15.8
Event list
15.8.1
Introduction
Continuous event-logging is useful for monitoring the system from an overview
perspective and is a complement to specific disturbance recorder functions.
The event list logs all binary input signals connected to the Disturbance report
function. The list may contain up to 1000 time-tagged events stored in a ring-buffer.
15.8.2
Principle of operation
When a binary signal, connected to the disturbance report function, changes status,
the event list function stores input name, status and time in the event list in
chronological order. The list can contain up to 1000 events from both internal logic
signals and binary input channels. If the list is full, the oldest event is overwritten
when a new event arrives.
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Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
The list can be configured to show oldest or newest events first with a setting on
the local HMI.
The event list function runs continuously, in contrast to the event recorder function,
which is only active during a disturbance.
The name of the binary input signal that appears in the event recording is the userdefined name assigned when the IED is configured. The same name is used in the
disturbance recorder function (DR), indications (IND)and the event recorder
function (ER).
The event list is stored and managed separate from the disturbance report
information (ER, DR, IND, TVR and FL).
15.8.3
Function block
The Event list has no function block of its own.It is included in the DRPRDRE
block and uses information from the BxRBDR block.
15.8.4
Input signals
The Event list logs the same binary input signals as configured for the Disturbance
report function.
15.8.5
Technical data
Table 591:
technical data
Function
Buffer capacity
Value
Maximum number of events in the list
1000
Resolution
1 ms
Accuracy
Depending on time
synchronizing
15.9
Indications
15.9.1
Introduction
To get fast, condensed and reliable information about disturbances in the primary
and/or in the secondary system it is important to know, for example binary signals
that have changed status during a disturbance. This information is used in the short
perspective to get information via the local HMI in a straightforward way.
There are three LEDs on the local HMI (green, yellow and red), which will display
status information about the IED and the Disturbance report function (trigged).
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Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
The Indication list function shows all selected binary input signals connected to the
Disturbance report function that have changed status during a disturbance.
15.9.2
Principle of operation
The LED indications display this information:
Green LED:
Steady light
In Service
Flashing light
Internal fail
Dark
No power supply
Yellow LED:
Steady light
Flashing light
Red LED:
Steady light
Indication list:
The possible indicated signals are the same as the ones chosen for the disturbance
report function and disturbance recorder.
The indication function tracks 0 to 1 changes of binary signals during the recording
period of the collection window. This means that constant logic zero, constant logic
one or state changes from logic one to logic zero will not be visible in the list of
indications. Signals are not time tagged. In order to be recorded in the list of
indications the:
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Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
15.9.3
Function block
The Indications function has no function block of its own. It is included in the
DRPRDRE block and uses information from the BxRBDR block.
15.9.4
Input signals
The Indications function may log the same binary input signals as the Disturbance
report function.
15.9.5
Technical data
Table 592:
technical data
Function
Buffer capacity
15.10
Event recorder
15.10.1
Introduction
Value
Maximum number of indications
presented for single disturbance
96
100
Quick, complete and reliable information about disturbances in the primary and/or
in the secondary system is vital, for example, time-tagged events logged during
disturbances. This information is used for different purposes in the short term (for
example corrective actions) and in the long term (for example functional analysis).
The event recorder logs all selected binary input signals connected to the
Disturbance report function. Each recording can contain up to 150 time-tagged events.
The event recorder information is available for the disturbances locally in the IED.
The event recording information is an integrated part of the disturbance record
(Comtrade file).
15.10.2
Principle of operation
When one of the trig conditions for the disturbance report is activated, the event
recorder logs every status change in the 96 selected binary signals. The events can
be generated by both internal logical signals and binary input channels. The
internal signals are time-tagged in the main processor module, while the binary
input channels are time-tagged directly in each I/O module. The events are
collected during the total recording time (pre-, post-fault and limit time), and are
stored in the disturbance report flash memory at the end of each recording.
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Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
15.10.3
Function block
The Event recorder has no function block of its own. It is included in the
DRPRDRE block and uses information from the BxRBDR block.
15.10.4
Input signals
The Event recorder function logs the same binary input signals as the Disturbance
report function.
15.10.5
Technical data
Table 593:
technical data
Function
Buffer capacity
Value
Maximum number of events in disturbance
report
150
100
Resolution
1 ms
Accuracy
Depending on time
synchronizing
15.11
15.11.1
Introduction
Information about the pre-fault and fault values for currents and voltages are vital
for the disturbance evaluation.
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Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
The Trip value recorder calculates the values of all selected analog input signals
connected to the Disturbance report function. The result is magnitude and phase
angle before and during the fault for each analog input signal.
The trip value recorder information is available for the disturbances locally in the
IED.
The trip value recorder information is an integrated part of the disturbance record
(Comtrade file).
15.11.2
Principle of operation
Trip value recorder (TVR)calculates and presents both fault and pre-fault
amplitudes as well as the phase angles of all the selected analog input signals. The
parameter ZeroAngleRef points out which input signal is used as the angle
reference. The calculated data is input information to the fault locator (FL).
When the disturbance report function is triggered the sample for the fault
interception is searched for, by checking the non-periodic changes in the analog
input signals. The channel search order is consecutive, starting with the analog
input with the lowest number.
When a starting point is found, the Fourier estimation of the pre-fault values of the
complex values of the analog signals starts 1.5 cycle before the fault sample. The
estimation uses samples during one period. The post-fault values are calculated
using the Recursive Least Squares (RLS) method. The calculation starts a few
samples after the fault sample and uses samples during 1/2 - 2 cycles depending on
the shape of the signals.
If no starting point is found in the recording, the disturbance report trig sample is
used as the start sample for the Fourier estimation. The estimation uses samples
during one cycle before the trig sample. In this case the calculated values are used
both as pre-fault and fault values.
The name of the analog input signal that appears in the Trip value recorder function
is the user-defined name assigned when the IED is configured. The same name is
used in the Disturbance recorder function (DR).
The trip value record is stored as a part of the disturbance report information (ER,
DR, IND, TVR and fault locator) and managed in via the local HMI or PCM600.
15.11.3
Function block
The Trip value recorder has no function block of its own. It is included in the
DRPRDRE block and uses information from the BxRBDR block.
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Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
15.11.4
Input signals
The trip value recorder function uses analog input signals connected to A1RADR
to A3RADR (not A4RADR).
15.11.5
Technical data
Table 594:
technical data
Function
Buffer capacity
Value
Maximum number of analog inputs
30
100
15.12
Disturbance recorder
15.12.1
Introduction
The Disturbance recorder function supplies fast, complete and reliable information
about disturbances in the power system. It facilitates understanding system
behavior and related primary and secondary equipment during and after a
disturbance. Recorded information is used for different purposes in the short
perspective (for example corrective actions) and long perspective (for example
functional analysis).
The Disturbance recorder acquires sampled data from selected analog- and binary
signals connected to the Disturbance report function (maximum 40 analog and 96
binary signals). The binary signals available are the same as for the event recorder
function.
The function is characterized by great flexibility and is not dependent on the
operation of protection functions. It can record disturbances not detected by
protection functions. Up to ten seconds of data before the trigger instant can be
saved in the disturbance file.
The disturbance recorder information for up to 100 disturbances are saved in the
IED and the local HMI is used to view the list of recordings.
15.12.2
Principle of operation
Disturbance recording (DR) is based on the acquisition of binary and analog
signals. The binary signals can be either true binary input signals or internal logical
signals generated by the functions in the IED. The analog signals to be recorded are
input channels from the Transformer Input Module (TRM), Line Differential
communication Module (LDCM) through the Signal Matrix Analog Input (SMAI)
and possible summation (Sum3Ph) function blocks and some internally derived
analog signals.For details, refer to section "Disturbance report DRPRDRE".
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Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
15.12.2.1
The IED flash disk should NOT be used to store any user files. This
might cause disturbance recordings to be deleted due to lack of disk
space.
When a recording is completed, a post recording processing occurs.
This post-recording processing comprises:
Saving the data for analog channels with corresponding data for binary signals
Add relevant data to be used by the Disturbance handling tool (part of PCM 600)
Compression of the data, which is performed without losing any data accuracy
Storing the compressed data in a non-volatile memory (flash memory)
Section 15
Monitoring
TVR and FL). The Disturbance handling tool use this information and present the
recording in a user-friendly way.
General:
Analog:
Binary:
Signal names
Status of binary input signals
15.12.2.2
IEC 60870-5-103
The communication protocol IEC 60870-5-103 may be used to poll disturbance
recordings from the IED to a master (station HSI). The standard describes how to
handle 8 disturbance recordings, 8 analog channels (4 currents and 4 voltages)
using the public range and binary signals.
The last 8 recordings, out of maximum 100, are available for transfer to the master.
When the last one is transferred and acknowledged new recordings in the IED will
appear, in the master points of view (even if they already where stored in the IED).
To be able to report 40 analog channels from the IED using IEC 60870-5-103 the
first 8 channels are placed in the public range and the next 32 are placed in the
886
Technical reference manual
Section 15
Monitoring
private range. To comply the standard the first 8 must be configured according to
table 595.
Table 595:
Signal
IL1
A1RADR
INPUT1
IL2
A1RADR
INPUT2
IL3
A1RADR
INPUT3
IN
A1RADR
INPUT4
UL1
A1RADR
INPUT5
UL2
A1RADR
INPUT6
UL3
A1RADR
INPUT7
UN
A1RADR
INPUT8
The binary signals connected to BxRBDR are reported by polling. The function
blocks include function type and information number.
15.12.3
Function block
The Disturbance recorder has no function block of its own. It is included in the
DRPRDRE, AxRADR and BxRBDR block.
15.12.4
15.12.5
Setting parameters
For Setting parameters see section "Disturbance report DRPRDRE".
15.12.6
Technical data
Table 596:
technical data
Function
Buffer capacity
Value
Maximum number of analog inputs
40
96
100
Maximum total recording time (3.4 s recording time and maximum number
of channels, typical value)
887
Technical reference manual
888
Section 16
Metering
Section 16
Metering
16.1
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
PCGGIO
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
-
S00947 V1 EN
16.1.1
Introduction
Pulse counter (PCGGIO) function counts externally generated binary pulses, for
instance pulses coming from an external energy meter, for calculation of energy
consumption values. The pulses are captured by the binary input module and then
read by the function. A scaled service value is available over the station bus. The
special Binary input module with enhanced pulse counting capabilities must be
ordered to achieve this functionality.
16.1.2
Principle of operation
The registration of pulses is done for positive transitions (0->1) on one of the 16
binary input channels located on the Binary Input Module (BIM). Pulse counter
values are sent to the station HMI with predefined cyclicity without reset.
The reporting time period can be set in the range from 1 second to 60 minutes and
is synchronized with absolute system time. Interrogation of additional pulse
counter values can be done with a command (intermediate reading) for a single
counter. All active counters can also be read by the LON General Interrogation
command (GI) or IEC 61850.
889
Technical reference manual
Section 16
Metering
The transmission of the counter value by SPA can be done as a service value, that
is, the value frozen in the last integration cycle is read by the station HMI from the
database. PCGGIO updates the value in the database when an integration cycle is
finished and activates the NEW_VAL signal in the function block. This signal can
be connected to an Event function block, be time tagged, and transmitted to the
station HMI. This time corresponds to the time when the value was frozen by the
function.
The pulse counter function requires a binary input card, BIMp, that
is specially adapted to the pulse counter function.
Figure 480 shows the pulse counter function block with connections of the inputs
and outputs.
SingleCmdFunc
OUTx
SingleCmdFunc
OUTx
I/O-module
Pulse
INPUT OUT
Pulse length >1s
Reset counter
PulseCounter
BLOCK
INVALID
RESTART
READ_VAL
BLOCKED
NEW_VAL
BI_PULSE
RS_CNT
NAME
SCAL_VAL
SMS settings
1.Operation = Off/On
2.tReporting = 0s...60min
3.Event Mask = No Events/Report Events
4.Scale = 1-90000
EVENT
INPUT1
INPUT2
INPUT3
INPUT4
IEC EVENT
Database
Pulse counter value:
0...2147483647
en05000744.vsd
IEC05000744 V1 EN
Figure 480:
890
Technical reference manual
Section 16
Metering
The NEW_VAL signal is a pulse signal. The signal is set if the counter value was
updated since last report.
The SCAL_VAL signal consists of scaled value (according to parameter Scale),
time and status information.
16.1.3
Function block
PCGGIO
BLOCK
READ_VAL
BI_PULSE*
RS_CNT
INVALID
RESTART
BLOCKED
NEW_VAL
SCAL_VAL
IEC05000709-2-en.vsd
IEC05000709 V3 EN
Figure 481:
891
Technical reference manual
Section 16
Metering
16.1.4
Name
Type
BOOLEAN
Block of function
READ_VAL
BOOLEAN
BI_PULSE
BOOLEAN
RS_CNT
BOOLEAN
Name
Table 599:
Name
Description
BLOCK
Table 598:
16.1.5
Default
Type
Description
INVALID
BOOLEAN
RESTART
BOOLEAN
BLOCKED
BOOLEAN
NEW_VAL
BOOLEAN
SCAL_VAL
REAL
Setting parameters
PCGGIO Non group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off/On
EventMask
NoEvents
ReportEvents
NoEvents
CountCriteria
Off
RisingEdge
Falling edge
OnChange
RisingEdge
Scale
1.000 - 90000.000
0.001
1.000
Quantity
Count
ActivePower
ApparentPower
ReactivePower
ActiveEnergy
ApparentEnergy
ReactiveEnergy
Count
tReporting
0 - 3600
60
892
Technical reference manual
Section 16
Metering
16.1.6
Technical data
Table 600:
Function
16.2
Setting range
Input frequency
(13600) s
16.2.1
Accuracy
IEC 61850
identification
ETPMMTR
IEC 60617
identification
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
-
Introduction
Outputs from the Measurements (CVMMXN) function can be used to calculate
energy consumption. Active as well as reactive values are calculated in import and
export direction. Values can be read or generated as pulses. Maximum demand
power values are also calculated by the function.
16.2.2
Principle of operation
The instantaneous output values of active and reactive power from the
Measurements (CVMMXN) function block are used and integrated over a selected
time tEnergy to measure the integrated energy. The energy values (in MWh and
MVarh) are available as output signals and also as pulsed output which can be
connected to a pulse counter. Outputs are available for forward as well as reverse
direction. The accumulated energy values can be reset from the local HMI reset
menu or with input signal RSTACC.
The maximum demand values for active and reactive power are calculated for the
set time tEnergy and the maximum value is stored in a register available over
communication and from outputs MAXPAFD, MAXPARD, MAXPRFD,
MAXPRRD for the active and reactive power forward and reverse direction until
reset with input signal RSTDMD or from the local HMI reset menu.
893
Technical reference manual
Section 16
Metering
CVMMXN
P_INST
Q_INST
ETPMMTR
P
Q
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
STACC
RSTACC
RSTDMD
IEC09000106.vsd
IEC09000106 V1 EN
Figure 482:
16.2.3
Function block
ETPMMTR
P
Q
STACC
RSTACC
RSTDMD
ACCST
EAFPULSE
EARPULSE
ERFPULSE
ERRPULSE
EAFALM
EARALM
ERFALM
ERRALM
EAFACC
EARACC
ERFACC
ERRACC
MAXPAFD
MAXPARD
MAXPRFD
MAXPRRD
IEC07000120-2-en.vsd
IEC07000120 V2 EN
Figure 483:
16.2.4
Default
Description
REAL
REAL
STACC
BOOLEAN
RSTACC
BOOLEAN
RSTDMD
BOOLEAN
Table 602:
Name
Description
ACCST
BOOLEAN
EAFPULSE
BOOLEAN
EARPULSE
BOOLEAN
Section 16
Metering
Name
16.2.5
Table 603:
Type
Description
ERFPULSE
BOOLEAN
ERRPULSE
BOOLEAN
EAFALM
BOOLEAN
EARALM
BOOLEAN
ERFALM
BOOLEAN
ERRALM
BOOLEAN
EAFACC
REAL
EARACC
REAL
ERFACC
REAL
ERRACC
REAL
MAXPAFD
REAL
MAXPARD
REAL
MAXPRFD
REAL
MAXPRRD
REAL
Setting parameters
ETPMMTR Non group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off/On
StartAcc
Off
On
Off
tEnergy
1 Minute
5 Minutes
10 Minutes
15 Minutes
30 Minutes
60 Minutes
180 Minutes
1 Minute
tEnergyOnPls
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
1.000
tEnergyOffPls
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.500
EAFAccPlsQty
0.001 - 10000.000
MWh
0.001
100.000
895
Technical reference manual
Section 16
Metering
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
EARAccPlsQty
0.001 - 10000.000
MWh
0.001
100.000
ERFAccPlsQty
0.001 - 10000.000
MVArh
0.001
100.000
ERVAccPlsQty
0.001 - 10000.000
MVArh
0.001
100.000
Table 604:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
EALim
0.001 10000000000.000
MWh
0.001
1000000.000
ERLim
0.001 10000000000.000
MVArh
0.001
1000.000
DirEnergyAct
Forward
Reverse
Forward
DirEnergyReac
Forward
Reverse
Forward
EnZeroClamp
Off
On
On
LevZeroClampP
0.001 - 10000.000
MW
0.001
10.000
LevZeroClampQ
0.001 - 10000.000
MVAr
0.001
10.000
EAFPrestVal
0.000 - 10000.000
MWh
0.001
0.000
EARPrestVal
0.000 - 10000.000
MWh
0.001
0.000
ERFPresetVal
0.000 - 10000.000
MVArh
0.001
0.000
ERVPresetVal
0.000 - 10000.000
MVArh
0.001
0.000
896
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
Section 17
Station communication
17.1
Overview
Each IED is provided with a communication interface, enabling it to connect to one
or many substation level systems or equipment, either on the Substation
Automation (SA) bus or Substation Monitoring (SM) bus.
Following communication protocols are available:
17.2
17.2.1
Introduction
The IED is equipped with single or double optical Ethernet rear ports (order
dependent) for IEC 61850-8-1 station bus communication. The IEC 61850-8-1
communication is also possible from the optical Ethernet front port. IEC 61850-8-1
protocol allows intelligent electrical devices (IEDs) from different vendors to
exchange information and simplifies system engineering. Peer-to-peer
communication according to GOOSE is part of the standard. Disturbance files
uploading is provided.
897
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
17.2.2
Table 605:
Name
Setting parameters
IEC61850-8-1 Non group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off/On
GOOSE
Front
OEM311_AB
OEM311_CD
OEM311_AB
17.2.3
Technical data
Table 606:
Function
Value
Protocol
IEC 61850-8-1
100BASE-FX
17.2.4
17.2.4.1
Introduction
IEC61850 generic communication I/O functions (SPGGIO) is used to send one
single logical signal to other systems or equipment in the substation.
17.2.4.2
Principle of operation
Upon receiving a signal at its input, IEC61850 generic communication I/O
functions (SPGGIO) function sends the signal over IEC 61850-8-1 to the
equipment or system that requests this signal. To get the signal, PCM600 must be
used to define which function block in which equipment or system should receive
this information.
17.2.4.3
Function block
SPGGIO
BLOCK
^IN
IEC07000124-2-en.vsd
IEC07000124 V2 EN
Figure 484:
898
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
SP16GGIO
BLOCK
^IN1
^IN2
^IN3
^IN4
^IN5
^IN6
^IN7
^IN8
^IN9
^IN10
^IN11
^IN12
^IN13
^IN14
^IN15
^IN16
IEC07000125-2-en.vsd
IEC07000125 V2 EN
Figure 485:
17.2.4.4
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
IN
BOOLEAN
Input status
Table 608:
Name
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
IN1
BOOLEAN
Input 1 status
IN2
BOOLEAN
Input 2 status
IN3
BOOLEAN
Input 3 status
IN4
BOOLEAN
Input 4 status
IN5
BOOLEAN
Input 5 status
IN6
BOOLEAN
Input 6 status
IN7
BOOLEAN
Input 7 status
IN8
BOOLEAN
Input 8 status
IN9
BOOLEAN
Input 9 status
IN10
BOOLEAN
Input 10 status
IN11
BOOLEAN
Input 11 status
IN12
BOOLEAN
Input 12 status
IN13
BOOLEAN
Input 13 status
IN14
BOOLEAN
Input 14 status
IN15
BOOLEAN
Input 15 status
IN16
BOOLEAN
Input 16 status
899
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
17.2.4.5
Setting parameters
The function does not have any parameters available in the local HMI or PCM600.
17.2.5
17.2.5.1
Principle of operation
Upon receiving an analog signal at its input, IEC61850 generic communication I/O
functions (MVGGIO) will give the instantaneous value of the signal and the range,
as output values. In the same time, it will send over IEC 61850-8-1 the value, to
other IEC 61850 clients in the substation.
17.2.5.2
Function block
MVGGIO
BLOCK
^IN
^VALUE
RANGE
IEC05000408-2-en.vsd
IEC05000408 V2 EN
Figure 486:
17.2.5.3
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
IN
REAL
Table 610:
Name
Description
VALUE
REAL
RANGE
INTEGER
Range
900
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
17.2.5.4
Table 611:
Setting parameters
MVGGIO Non group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
MV db
1 - 300
Type
10
MV zeroDb
0 - 100000
m%
500
MV hhLim
-10000000000.000
- 10000000000.000
0.001
90.000
MV hLim
-10000000000.000
- 10000000000.000
0.001
80.000
High limit
MV lLim
-10000000000.000
- 10000000000.000
0.001
-80.000
Low limit
MV llLim
-10000000000.000
- 10000000000.000
0.001
-90.000
MV min
-10000000000.000
- 10000000000.000
0.001
-100.000
Minimum value
MV max
-10000000000.000
- 10000000000.000
0.001
100.000
Maximum value
MV dbType
Cyclic
Dead band
Int deadband
Dead band
Reporting type
MV limHys
0.000 - 100.000
0.001
5.000
17.2.6
17.2.6.1
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
PRPSTATUS
DUODRV
Introduction
Redundant station bus communication is used to assure communication, even
though one communication channels might not be available for some reason.
Redundant communication over station bus running IEC 61850-8-1 use both port
AB and CD on OEM module and IEC 62439-PRP protocol.
17.2.6.2
Principle of operation
The redundant station bus communication (DUODRV) is configured using the
local HMI. The settings for DUODRV are also visible in PST in PCM600.
The communication is performed in parallel, that is the same data package is
transmitted on both channels simultaneously. The received package identity from
901
Section 17
Station communication
one channel is compared with data package identity from the other channel, if the
same, the last package is discarded.
PRPSTATUS function block supervise the redundant communication on the two
channels. If no data package has been received on one (or both) channels within the
last 10 s, the output LAN-A-STATUS and/or LAN-B-STATUS is set to indicate error.
Station Control System
Redundancy
Supervision
Duo
Data
Data
Switch A
Switch B
1 2
1 2
Data
Data
AB
Configuration
CD
IED
OEM
DUODRV
PRPSTATUS
IEC09000758-2-en.vsd
IEC09000758 V2 EN
Figure 487:
902
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
17.2.6.3
Function block
PRPSTATUS
LAN-A-Status
LAN-B-Status
IEC09000757-1-en.vsd
IEC09000757 V1 EN
Figure 488:
17.2.6.4
Output signals
Table 612:
Name
17.2.6.5
Table 613:
Type
Description
LAN-A-Status
BOOLEAN
Channel A status
LAN-B-Status
BOOLEAN
Channel B status
Setting parameters
DUODRV Non group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation Off / On
IPAddress
0 - 18
IP
Address
192.168.7.10
IP-Address
IPMask
0 - 18
IP
Address
255.255.255.0
IP-Mask
17.3
17.3.1
Introduction
The IEC 61850-9-2LE process bus communication protocol enables an IED to
communicate with devices providing measured values in digital format, commonly
known as Merging Units (MU). The physical interface in the IED that is used for
the communication is the OEM modules (the two port module version) "CD" port.
17.3.2
Principle of operation
The ABB merging units (MUs) are situated close to primary equipment, like circuit
breakers, isolators, etc. The MUs have the capability to gather measured values
from measuring transformers, non-conventional transducers or both. The gathered
data are then transmitted to subscribers over the process bus, utilizing the IEC
61850-9-2LE protocol.
903
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
Station Wide
GPS Clock
IRIG-B
1344
SMAI1
BLOCK
DFTSPFC
^GRP1L1
^GRP1L2
^GRP1L3
^GRP1N
TYPE
SPFCOUT
AI3P
AI1
AI2
AI3
AI4
AIN
Preprocessing blocks
SMAI
Splitter
Electrical-toOptical Converter
OEM Module
CD
IEC61850-9-2LE
Ethernet Switch
IEC61850-9-2LE
IEC61850-9-2LE
ABB
Merging
Unit
Combi
Sensor
1PPS
ABB
Merging
Unit
1PPS
Combi
Sensor
en08000212-2.vsd
IEC08000212 V2 EN
Figure 489:
904
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
IED
Application
Preprocessing blocks
SMAI
Station Wide
GPS Clock
Preprocessing blocks
SMAI
MU1
MU2
Splitter
Electrical-toOptical Converter
1PPS
TRM module
OEM Module
CD
110 V
1A
1A
IEC61850-9-2LE
Ethernet Switch
IEC61850-9-2LE
IEC61850-9-2LE
ABB
Merging
Unit
CT
ABB
Merging
Unit
1PPS
Combi
Sensor
CT
1PPS
Combi
Sensor
Conventional VT
en08000072-2.vsd
IEC08000072 V2 EN
Figure 490:
905
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
Timeout
TSYNCERR Indicates that there is some timeout on any configured time source or
the time quality is worse than specified in SynchAccLevel. The timeout is
individually specified per time source (PPS, IRIG-B, SNTP etc.) See section
"Time synchronization"
Blocking condition
Blocking of protection functions is indicated by (SAMPLOST is high) or
(MUSYNCH is high and AppSynch is set to Synch) or (SYNCH is high)
Application synch is not required for differential protection based on ECHO mode.
A missing PPS however will lead to a drift between MU and IED. Therefore
protection functions in this case will be blocked.
17.3.3
906
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
For current signals the correction factors will cause a not insignificant impact on
the reported values at low currents. The correction factors are +2.4% and -3.6
degrees at signal levels below 5% of set base current, +0.6% and -1.12 degrees at
signal level 30% of set base current and 0% and -0.44 degrees at signal levels
above 100% of set base current. Between the calibration points 5%, 30% and 100%
of set base current, linear interpolation is used. Since the output from the Power
measurement function is used as an input for the Energy measuring function
(ETPMMTR) the above described impact will also be valid for the output values
for ETPMMTR.
17.3.4
Function block
The function blocks are not represented in the configuration tool.
The signals appear only in the SMT tool when merging units (MU)
are included in the configuration with the function selector tool. In
the SMT tool they can be mapped to the desired virtual input
(SMAI) of the IED and used internally in the configuration.
17.3.5
Output signals
Table 614:
Name
Description
I1
STRING
Analogue input I1
I2
STRING
Analogue input I2
I3
STRING
Analogue input I3
I4
STRING
Analogue input I4
U1
STRING
Analogue input U1
U2
STRING
Analogue input U2
U3
STRING
Analogue input U3
U4
STRING
Analogue input U4
MUDATA
BOOLEAN
SYNCH
BOOLEAN
SMPLLOST
BOOLEAN
Sample lost
MUSYNCH
BOOLEAN
Synchronization lost in MU
TESTMODE
BOOLEAN
MU in test mode
907
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
17.3.6
Table 615:
Name
Setting parameters
MU1_4I_4U Non group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
SVId
0 - 35
ABB_MU0101
MU identifier
SmplGrp
0 - 65535
Sampling group
CTStarPoint1
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTStarPoint2
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTStarPoint3
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
CTStarPoint4
FromObject
ToObject
ToObject
Table 616:
Name
SynchMode
17.3.7
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Synchronization mode
Technical data
Table 617:
Functions
Value
Protocol
IEC 61850-9-2LE
100BASE-FX
17.4
17.4.1
Introduction
An optical network can be used within the substation automation system. This
enables communication with the IED through the LON bus from the operators
workplace, from the control center and also from other terminals.
LON communication protocol is specified in LonTalkProtocol Specification
Version 3 from Echelon Corporation and is designed for communication in control
networks. These networks are characterized by high speed for data transfer, short
messages (few bytes), peer-to-peer communication, multiple communication
media, low maintenance, multivendor equipment, and low support costs. LonTalk
supports the needs of applications that cover a range of requirements. The protocol
908
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
follows the reference model for open system interconnection (OSI) designed by the
International Standardization Organization (ISO).
In this document the most common addresses for commands and events are
available. For other addresses, refer to section "Related documents".
It is assumed that the reader is familiar with LON communication protocol in general.
17.4.2
Principle of operation
The speed of the network depends on the medium and transceiver design. With
protection and control devices, fibre optic media is used, which enables the use of
the maximum speed of 1.25 Mbits/s. The protocol is a peer-to-peer protocol where
all the devices connected to the network can communicate with each other. The
own subnet and node number are identifying the nodes (max. 255 subnets, 127
nodes per one subnet).
The LON bus links the different parts of the protection and control system. The
measured values, status information, and event information are spontaneously sent
to the higher-level devices. The higher-level devices can read and write memorized
values, setting values, and other parameter data when required. The LON bus also
enables the bay level devices to communicate with each other to deliver, for
example, interlocking information among the terminals without the need of a bus
master.
The LonTalk protocol supports two types of application layer objects: network
variables and explicit messages. Network variables are used to deliver short
messages, such as measuring values, status information, and interlocking/blocking
signals. Explicit messages are used to transfer longer pieces of information, such as
events and explicit read and write messages to access device data.
The benefits achieved from using the LON bus in protection and control systems
include direct communication among all terminals in the system and support for
multi-master implementations. The LON bus also has an open concept, so that the
terminals can communicate with external devices using the same standard of
network variables.
For more information, refer to LON bus, LonWorks Network in Protection and
Control, Users manual and Technical description.
LON protocol
Configuration of LON
Lon Network Tool (LNT 505) is a multi-purpose tool for LonWorks network
configuration. All the functions required for setting up and configuring a
LonWorks network, is easily accessible on a single tool program. For more
information, refer to the operator's manual.
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Section 17
Station communication
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Section 17
Station communication
The first LON address in every event function block is found in table 618
Table 618:
Function block
EVENT:1
1024
EVENT:2
1040
EVENT:3
1056
EVENT:4
1072
EVENT:5
1088
EVENT:6
1104
EVENT:7
1120
EVENT:8
1136
EVENT:9
1152
EVENT:10
1168
EVENT:11
1184
EVENT:12
1200
EVENT:13
1216
EVENT:14
1232
EVENT:15
1248
EVENT:16
1264
EVENT:17
1280
EVENT:18
1296
EVENT:19
1312
EVENT:20
1328
Event masks
The event mask for each input can be set individually from Parameter Setting Tool
(PST) under: Settings/ General Settings/ Monitoring / EventFunction as follows:
No events
OnSet, at pick-up of the signal
OnReset, at drop-out of the signal
OnChange, at both pick-up and drop-out of the signal
AutoDetect, event system itself make the reporting decision, (reporting criteria
for integers has no semantic, prefer to be set by the user)
The following type of signals from application functions can be connected to the
event function block.
Single indication
Directly connected binary IO signal via binary input function block (SMBI) is
always reported on change, no changed detection is done in the event function
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Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
block. Other Boolean signals, for example a start or a trip signal from a protection
function is event masked in the event function block.
Double indications
Double indications can only be reported via switch-control (SCSWI) functions, the
event reporting is based on information from switch-control, no change detection is
done in the event function block.
Directly connected binary IO signal via binary input function block (SMBI) is not
possible to handle as double indication. Double indications can only be reported for
the first 8 inputs on an event function block.
Analog value
All analog values are reported cyclic, the reporting interval is taken from the
connected function if there is a limit supervised signal, otherwise it is taken from
the event function block.
Command handling
Commands are transferred using transparent SPA-bus messages. The transparent
SPA-bus message is an explicit LON message, which contains an ASCII character
message following the coding rules of the SPA-bus protocol. The message is sent
using explicit messages with message code 41H and using acknowledged transport
service.
Both the SPA-bus command messages (R or W) and the reply messages (D, A or
N) are sent using the same message code. It is mandatory that one device sends out
only one SPA-bus message at a time to one node and waits for the reply before
sending the next message.
For commands from the operator workplace to the IED for apparatus control, That
is, the function blocks type SCSWI 1 to 32, SXCBR 1 to 18 and SXSWI 1 to 28;
the SPA addresses are according to table 619.
Horizontal communication
Network variables are used for communication between 500 series and 670 series
IEDs. The supported network variable type is SNVT_state (NV type 83).
SNVT_state is used to communicate the state of a set of 1 to 16 Boolean values.
Multiple command send function block (MULTICMDSND) is used to pack the
information to one value. This value is transmitted to the receiving node and
presented for the application by a multiple command function block
(MULTICMDRCV). At horizontal communication the input BOUND on the event
function block (MULTICMDSND) must be set to 1. There are 10
MULTICMDSND and 60 MULTICMDRCV function blocks available. The
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Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
BAY E3
MULTICMDSND: 7
MULTICMDSND: 9
BAY E4
MULTICMDSND: 9
en05000718.vsd
IEC05000718 V2 EN
Figure 491:
The network variable connections are done from the NV Connection window.
From LNT window select Connections/ NVConnections/ New.
913
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
en05000719.vsd
IEC05000719 V1 EN
Figure 492:
There are two ways of downloading NV connections. Either the users can use the
drag-and-drop method where they can select all nodes in the device window, drag
them to the Download area in the bottom of the program window and drop them
there; or, they can perform it by selecting the traditional menu, Configuration/
Download.
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Section 17
Station communication
en05000720.vsd
IEC05000720 V1 EN
Figure 493:
Communication ports
SPA addresses for commands from the operator workplace to the IED for apparatus
control
Name
Function
block
SPA
address
Description
BL_CMD
SCSWI01
1 I 5115
BL_CMD
SCSWI02
1 I 5139
BL_CMD
SCSWI02
1 I 5161
BL_CMD
SCSWI04
1 I 5186
BL_CMD
SCSWI05
1 I 5210
BL_CMD
SCSWI06
1 I 5234
Section 17
Station communication
Name
Function
block
SPA
address
Description
BL_CMD
SCSWI07
1 I 5258
BL_CMD
SCSWI08
1 I 5283
BL_CMD
SCSWI09
1 I 5307
BL_CMD
SCSWI10
1 I 5331
BL_CMD
SCSWI11
1 I 5355
BL_CMD
SCSWI12
1 I 5379
BL_CMD
SCSWI13
1 I 5403
BL_CMD
SCSWI14
1 I 5427
BL_CMD
SCSWI15
1 I 5451
BL_CMD
SCSWI16
1 I 5475
BL_CMD
SCSWI17
1 I 5499
BL_CMD
SCSWI18
1 I 5523
BL_CMD
SCSWI19
1 I 5545
BL_CMD
SCSWI20
1 I 5571
BL_CMD
SCSWI21
1 I 5594
BL_CMD
SCSWI22
1 I 5619
BL_CMD
SCSWI23
1 I 5643
BL_CMD
SCSWI24
1 I 5667
BL_CMD
SCSWI25
1 I 5691
BL_CMD
SCSWI26
1 I 5715
BL_CMD
SCSWI27
1 I 5739
BL_CMD
SCSWI28
1 I 5763
BL_CMD
SCSWI29
1 I 5787
BL_CMD
SCSWI30
1 I 5811
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Section 17
Station communication
Name
Function
block
SPA
address
Description
BL_CMD
SCSWI31
1 I 5835
BL_CMD
SCSWI32
1 I 5859
CANCEL
SCSWI01
1 I 5107
CANCEL
SCSWI02
1 I 5131
CANCEL
SCSWI03
1 I 5153
CANCEL
SCSWI04
1 I 5178
CANCEL
SCSWI05
1 I 5202
CANCEL
SCSWI06
1 I 5226
CANCEL
SCSWI07
1 I 5250
CANCEL
SCSWI08
1 I 5275
CANCEL
SCSWI09
1 I 5299
CANCEL
SCSWI10
1 I 5323
CANCEL
SCSWI11
1 I 5347
CANCEL
SCSWI12
1 I 5371
CANCEL
SCSWI13
1 I 5395
CANCEL
SCSWI14
1 I 5419
CANCEL
SCSWI15
1 I 5443
CANCEL
SCSWI16
1 I 5467
CANCEL
SCSWI17
1 I 5491
CANCEL
SCSWI18
1 I 5515
CANCEL
SCSWI19
1 I 5537
CANCEL
SCSWI20
1 I 5563
CANCEL
SCSWI21
1 I 5586
CANCEL
SCSWI22
1 I 5611
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Section 17
Station communication
Name
Function
block
SPA
address
Description
CANCEL
SCSWI23
1 I 5635
CANCEL
SCSWI24
1 I 5659
CANCEL
SCSWI25
1 I 5683
CANCEL
SCSWI26
1 I 5707
CANCEL
SCSWI27
1 I 5731
CANCEL
SCSWI28
1 I 5755
CANCEL
SCSWI29
1 I 5779
CANCEL
SCSWI30
1 I 5803
CANCEL
SCSWI31
1 I 5827
CANCEL
SCSWI32
1 I 5851
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01,
SELOpen+ILO=10,
SELClose+ILO=11,
SELOpen+SCO=20,
SELClose+SCO=21,
SELOpen+ILO+SCO=30,
SELClose+ILO+SCO=31
SCSWI01
1 I 5105
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01, so on.
SCSWI02
1 I 5129
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01, so on.
SCSWI03
1 I 5151
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01, so on.
SCSWI04
1 I 5176
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01, so on.
SCSWI05
1 I 5200
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01, so on.
SCSWI06
1 I 5224
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01, so on.
SCSWI07
1 I 5248
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01, so on.
SCSWI08
1 I 5273
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01, so on.
SCSWI09
1 I 5297
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01, so on.
SCSWI10
1 I 5321
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01, so on.
SCSWI11
1 I 5345
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01, so on.
SCSWI12
1 I 5369
Section 17
Station communication
Name
Function
block
SPA
address
Description
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01, so on.
SCSWI13
1 I 5393
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01, so on.
SCSWI14
1 I 5417
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01, so on.
SCSWI15
1 I 5441
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01, so on.
SCSWI16
1 I 5465
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01, so on.
SCSWI17
1 I 5489
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01, so on.
SCSWI18
1 I 5513
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01, so on.
SCSWI19
1 I 5535
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01, so on.
SCSWI20
1 I 5561
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01, so on.
SCSWI21
1 I 5584
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01, so on.
SCSWI22
1 I 5609
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01, so on.
SCSWI23
1 I 5633
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01, so on.
SCSWI24
1 I 5657
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01, so on.
SCSWI25
1 I 5681
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01, so on.
SCSWI26
1 I 5705
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01, so on.
SCSWI27
1 I 5729
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01, so on.
SCSWI28
1 I 5753
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01, so on.
SCSWI29
1 I 5777
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01, so on.
SCSWI30
1 I 5801
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01, so on.
SCSWI31
1 I 5825
SELECTOpen=00,
SELECTClose=01, so on.
SCSWI32
1 I 5849
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01,
ExcOpen+ILO=10,
ExcClose+ILO=11,
ExcOpen+SCO=20,
ExcClose+SCO=21,
ExcOpen+ILO+SCO=30,
ExcClose+ILO+SCO=31
SCSWI01
1 I 5106
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01, so on.
SCSWI02
1 I 5130
Section 17
Station communication
Name
Function
block
SPA
address
Description
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01, so on.
SCSWI02
1 I 5152
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01, so on.
SCSWI04
1 I 5177
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01, so on.
SCSWI05
1 I 5201
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01, so on.
SCSWI06
1 I 5225
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01, so on.
SCSWI07
1 I 5249
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01, so on.
SCSWI08
1 I 5274
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01, so on.
SCSWI09
1 I 5298
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01, so on.
SCSWI10
1 I 5322
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01, so on.
SCSWI11
1 I 5346
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01, so on.
SCSWI12
1 I 5370
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01, so on.
SCSWI13
1 I 5394
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01, so on.
SCSWI14
1 I 5418
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01, so on.
SCSWI15
1 I 5442
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01, so on.
SCSWI16
1 I 5466
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01, so on.
SCSWI17
1 I 5490
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01, so on.
SCSWI18
1 I 5514
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01, so on.
SCSWI19
1 I 5536
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01, so on.
SCSWI20
1 I 5562
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01, so on.
SCSWI21
1 I 5585
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01, so on.
SCSWI22
1 I 5610
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01, so on.
SCSWI23
1 I 5634
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01, so on.
SCSWI24
1 I 5658
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01, so on.
SCSWI25
1 I 5682
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01, so on.
SCSWI26
1 I 5706
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Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
Name
Function
block
SPA
address
Description
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01, so on.
SCSWI27
1 I 5730
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01, so on.
SCSWI28
1 I 5754
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01, so on.
SCSWI29
1 I 5778
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01, so on.
SCSWI30
1 I 5802
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01, so on.
SCSWI31
1 I 5826
ExcOpen=00,
ExcClose=01, so on.
SCSWI32
1 I 5850
Sub Value
SXCBR01
2 I 7854
Sub Value
SXCBR02
2 I 7866
Sub Value
SXCBR03
2 I 7884
Sub Value
SXCBR04
2 I 7904
Sub Value
SXCBR05
2 I 7923
Sub Value
SXCBR06
2 I 7942
Sub Value
SXCBR07
2 I 7961
Sub Value
SXCBR08
2 I 7980
Sub Value
SXCBR09
3I7
Sub Value
SXCBR10
3 I 26
Sub Value
SXCBR11
3 I 45
Sub Value
SXCBR12
3 I 56
Sub Value
SXCBR13
3 I 74
Sub Value
SXCBR14
3 I 94
Sub Value
SXCBR15
3 I 120
Sub Value
SXCBR16
3 I 133
Sub Value
SXCBR17
3 I 158
Sub Value
SXCBR18
3 I 179
Section 17
Station communication
Name
Function
block
SPA
address
Description
Sub Value
SXSWI01
3 I 196
Sub Value
SXSWI02
3 I 216
Sub Value
SXSWI03
3 I 235
Sub Value
SXSWI04
3 I 254
Sub Value
SXSWI05
3 I 272
Sub Value
SXSWI06
3 I 292
Sub Value
SXSWI07
3 I 310
Sub Value
SXSWI08
3 I 330
Sub Value
SXSWI09
3 I 348
Sub Value
SXSWI10
3 I 359
Sub Value
SXSWI11
3 I 378
Sub Value
SXSWI12
3 I 397
Sub Value
SXSWI13
3 I 416
Sub Value
SXSWI14
3 I 435
Sub Value
SXSWI15
3 I 454
Sub Value
SXSWI16
3 I 473
Sub Value
SXSWI17
3 I 492
Sub Value
SXSWI18
3 I 511
Sub Value
SXSWI19
3 I 530
Sub Value
SXSWI20
3 I 549
Sub Value
SXSWI21
3 I 568
Sub Value
SXSWI22
3 I 587
Sub Value
SXSWI23
3 I 606
Sub Value
SXSWI24
3 I 625
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Section 17
Station communication
Name
Function
block
SPA
address
Description
Sub Value
SXSWI25
3 I 644
Sub Value
SXSWI26
3 I 663
Sub Value
SXSWI27
3 I 682
Sub Value
SXSWI28
3 I 701
Sub Enable
SXCBR01
2 I 7855
Sub Enable
SXCBR02
2 I 7865
Sub Enable
SXCBR03
2 I 7885
Sub Enable
SXCBR04
2 I 7903
Sub Enable
SXCBR05
2 I 7924
Sub Enable
SXCBR06
2 I 7941
Sub Enable
SXCBR07
2 I 7962
Sub Enable
SXCBR08
2 I 7979
Sub Enable
SXCBR09
3I8
Sub Enable
SXCBR10
3 I 25
Sub Enable
SXCBR11
3 I 46
Sub Enable
SXCBR12
3 I 55
Sub Enable
SXCBR13
3 I 75
Sub Enable
SXCBR14
3 I 93
Sub Enable
SXCBR15
3 I 121
Sub Enable
SXCBR16
3 I 132
Sub Enable
SXCBR17
3 I 159
Sub Enable
SXCBR18
3 I 178
Sub Enable
SXSWI01
3 I 197
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Section 17
Station communication
Name
Function
block
SPA
address
Description
Sub Enable
SXSWI02
3 I 215
Sub Enable
SXSWI03
3 I 234
Sub Enable
SXSWI04
3 I 252
Sub Enable
SXSWI05
3 I 271
Sub Enable
SXSWI06
3 I 290
Sub Enable
SXSWI07
3 I 309
Sub Enable
SXSWI08
3 I 328
Sub Enable
SXSWI09
3 I 347
Sub Enable
SXSWI10
3 I 360
Sub Enable
SXSWI11
3I 379
Sub Enable
SXSWI12
3 I 398
Sub Enable
SXSWI13
3 I 417
Sub Enable
SXSWI14
3 I 436
Sub Enable
SXSWI15
3 I 455
Sub Enable
SXSWI16
3 I 474
Sub Enable
SXSWI17
3 I 493
Sub Enable
SXSWI18
3 I 512
Sub Enable
SXSWI19
3 I 531
Sub Enable
SXSWI20
3 I 550
Sub Enable
SXSWI21
3 I 569
Sub Enable
SXSWI22
3 I 588
Sub Enable
SXSWI23
3 I 607
Sub Enable
SXSWI24
3 I 626
Sub Enable
SXSWI25
3 I 645
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Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
Name
Function
block
SPA
address
Description
Sub Enable
SXSWI26
3 I 664
Sub Enable
SXSWI27
3 I 683
Sub Enable
SXSWI28
3 I 702
Update Block
SXCBR01
2 I 7853
Update Block
SXCBR02
2 I 7864
Update Block
SXCBR03
2 I 7883
Update Block
SXCBR04
2 I 7905
Update Block
SXCBR05
2 I 7922
Update Block
SXCBR06
2 I 7943
Update Block
SXCBR07
2 I 7960
Update Block
SXCBR08
2 I 7981
Update Block
SXCBR09
3I6
Update Block
SXCBR10
3 I 27
Update Block
SXCBR11
3 I 44
Update Block
SXCBR12
3 I 57
Update Block
SXCBR13
3 I 73
Update Block
SXCBR14
3 I 92
Update Block
SXCBR15
3 I 122
Update Block
SXCBR16
3 I 131
Update Block
SXCBR17
3 I 160
Update Block
SXCBR18
3 I 177
Update Block
SXSWI01
3 I 198
Update Block
SXSWI02
3 I 214
Update Block
SXSWI03
3 I 236
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Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
Name
Function
block
SPA
address
Description
Update Block
SXSWI04
3 I 253
Update Block
SXSWI05
3 I 273
Update Block
SXSWI06
3 I 291
Update Block
SXSWI07
3 I 311
Update Block
SXSWI08
3 I 329
Update Block
SXSWI09
3 I 349
Update Block
SXSWI10
3 I 358
Update Block
SXSWI11
3 I 377
Update Block
SXSWI12
3 I 396
Update Block
SXSWI13
3 I 415
Update Block
SXSWI14
3 I 434
Update Block
SXSWI15
3 I 453
Update Block
SXSWI16
3 I 472
Update Block
SXSWI17
3 I 491
Update Block
SXSWI18
3 I 510
Update Block
SXSWI19
3 I 529
Update Block
SXSWI20
3 I 548
Update Block
SXSWI21
3 I 567
Update Block
SXSWI22
3 I 586
Update Block
SXSWI23
3 I 605
Update Block
SXSWI24
3 I 624
Update Block
SXSWI25
3 I 643
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Section 17
Station communication
Name
17.4.3
Table 620:
SPA
address
Description
Update Block
SXSWI26
3 I 662
Update Block
SXSWI27
3 I 681
Update Block
SXSWI28
3 I 700
Setting parameters
HORZCOMM Non group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Operation
Table 621:
Function
block
Unit
Off
On
Step
Default
Description
Off
Operation
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation
TimerClass
Slow
Normal
Fast
Slow
Timer class
17.4.4
Technical data
Table 622:
Function
Value
Protocol
LON
Communication speed
1.25 Mbit/s
17.5
17.5.1
Introduction
In this section the most common addresses for commands and events are available.
For other addresses, refer to section "Related documents".
It is assumed that the reader is familiar with the SPA communication protocol in
general.
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Section 17
Station communication
17.5.2
Principle of operation
The SPA bus uses an asynchronous serial communications protocol (1 start bit, 7
data bits + even parity, 1 stop bit) with data transfer rate up to 38400 bit/s. For
more information on recommended baud rate for each type of IED, refer to
Technical reference manual. Messages on the bus consist of ASCII characters.
The basic construction of the protocol assumes that the slave has no self-initiated
need to talk to the master but the master is aware of the data contained in the slaves
and, consequently, can request required data. In addition, the master can send data
to the slave. Requesting by the master can be performed either by sequenced
polling (for example, for event information) or only on demand.
The master requests slave information using request messages and sends
information to the slave in write messages. Furthermore, the master can send all
slaves in common a broadcast message containing time or other data. The inactive
state of bus transmit and receive lines is a logical "1".
SPA protocol
The tables below specify the SPA addresses for reading data from and writing data
to an IED with the SPA communication protocol implemented.
The SPA addresses for the mA input service values (MIM3 to MIM16) are found
in table 623.
Table 623:
Function block
SPA address
MIM3-CH1
4-O-6508
MIM3-CH2
4-O-6511
MIM3-CH3
4-O-6512
MIM3-CH4
4-O-6515
MIM3-CH5
4-O-6516
MIM3-CH6
4-O-6519
MIM4-CH1
4-O-6527
MIM4-CH2
4-O-6530
MIM4-CH3
4-O-6531
MIM4-CH4
4-O-6534
MIM4-CH5
4-O-6535
MIM4-CH6
4-O-6538
MIM5-CH1
4-O-6546
MIM5-CH2
4-O-6549
MIM5-CH3
4-O-6550
MIM5-CH4
4-O-6553
MIM5-CH5
4-O-6554
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Section 17
Station communication
Function block
SPA address
MIM5-CH6
4-O-6557
MIM6-CH1
4-O-6565
MIM6-CH2
4-O-6568
MIM6-CH3
4-O-6569
MIM6-CH4
4-O-6572
MIM6-CH5
4-O-6573
MIM6-CH6
4-O-6576
MIM7-CH1
4-O-6584
MIM7-CH2
4-O-6587
MIM7-CH3
4-O-6588
MIM7-CH4
4-O-6591
MIM7-CH5
4-O-6592
MIM7-CH6
4-O-6595
MIM8-CH1
4-O-6603
MIM8-CH2
4-O-6606
MIM8-CH3
4-O-6607
MIM8-CH4
4-O-6610
MIM8-CH5
4-O-6611
MIM8-CH6
4-O-6614
MIM9-CH1
4-O-6622
MIM9-CH2
4-O-6625
MIM9-CH3
4-O-6626
MIM9-CH4
4-O-6629
MIM9-CH5
4-O-6630
MIM9-CH6
4-O-6633
MIM10-CH1
4-O-6641
MIM10-CH2
4-O-6644
MIM10-CH3
4-O-6645
MIM10-CH4
4-O-6648
MIM10-CH5
4-O-6649
MIM10-CH6
4-O-6652
MIM11-CH1
4-O-6660
MIM11-CH2
4-O-6663
MIM11-CH3
4-O-6664
MIM11-CH4
4-O-6667
MIM11-CH5
4-O-6668
MIM11-CH6
4-O-6671
MIM12-CH1
4-O-6679
MIM12-CH2
4-O-6682
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Section 17
Station communication
Function block
SPA address
MIM12-CH3
4-O-6683
MIM12-CH4
4-O-6686
MIM12-CH5
4-O-6687
MIM12-CH6
4-O-6690
MIM13-CH1
4-O-6698
MIM13-CH2
4-O-6701
MIM13-CH3
4-O-6702
MIM13-CH4
4-O-6705
MIM13-CH5
4-O-6706
MIM13-CH6
4-O-6709
MIM14-CH1
4-O-6717
MIM14-CH2
4-O-6720
MIM14-CH3
4-O-6721
MIM14-CH4
4-O-6724
MIM14-CH5
4-O-6725
MIM14-CH6
4-O-6728
MIM15-CH1
4-O-6736
MIM15-CH2
4-O-6739
MIM15-CH3
4-O-6740
MIM15-CH4
4-O-6743
MIM15-CH5
4-O-6744
MIM15-CH6
4-O-6747
MIM16-CH1
4-O-6755
MIM16-CH2
4-O-6758
MIM16-CH3
4-O-6759
MIM16-CH4
4-O-6762
MIM16-CH5
4-O-6763
MIM16-CH6
4-O-6766
The SPA addresses for the pulse counter values PCGGIO:1 to PCGGIO:16 are
found in table 624.
Table 624:
Function block
PCGGIO:1
3-O-5834
3-O-5833
PCGGIO:2
3-O-5840
3-O-5839
PCGGIO:3
3-O-5846
3-O-5845
PCGGIO:4
3-O-5852
3-O-5851
PCGGIO:5
3-O-5858
3-O-5857
PCGGIO:6
3-O-5864
3-O-5863
Section 17
Station communication
Function block
PCGGIO:7
3-O-5870
3-O-5869
PCGGIO:8
3-O-5876
3-O-5875
PCGGIO:9
3-O-5882
3-O-5881
PCGGIO:10
3-O-5888
3-O-5887
PCGGIO:11
3-O-5894
3-O-5893
PCGGIO:12
3-O-5900
3-O-5899
PCGGIO:13
3-O-5906
3-O-5905
PCGGIO:14
3-O-5912
3-O-5911
PCGGIO:15
3-O-5918
3-O-5917
PCGGIO:16
3-O-5924
3-O-5923
I/O modules
To read binary inputs, the SPA-addresses for the outputs of the I/O-module
function block are used, that is, the addresses for BI1 BI16. For SPA addresses,
refer to section "Related documents".
Single command, 16 signals
The IEDs can be provided with a function to receive signals either from a
substation automation system or from the local HMI. That receiving function block
has 16 outputs that can be used, for example, to control high voltage apparatuses in
switchyards. For local control functions, the local HMI can also be used.
Single command, 16 signals function consists of three function blocks;
SINGLECMD:1 to SINGLECMD:3 for 16 binary output signals each.
The signals can be individually controlled from the operator station, remote-control
gateway, or from the local HMI on the IED. For Single command, 16 signals
function block, SINGLECMD:1 to SINGLECMD:3, the address is for the first
output. The other outputs follow consecutively after the first one. For example,
output 7 on the SINGLECMD:2 function block has the 5O533 address.
The SPA addresses for Single command, 16 signals functions SINGLECMD:1 to
SINGLECMD:3 are found in table 625.
Table 625:
Function block
SINGLECMD1-Cmd1
4-S-4639
5-O-511
SINGLECMD1-Cmd2
4-S-4640
5-O-512
SINGLECMD1-Cmd3
4-S-4641
5-O-513
SINGLECMD1-Cmd4
4-S-4642
5-O-514
SINGLECMD1-Cmd5
4-S-4643
5-O-515
SINGLECMD1-Cmd6
4-S-4644
5-O-516
SINGLECMD1-Cmd7
4-S-4645
5-O-517
Section 17
Station communication
Function block
SINGLECMD1-Cmd8
4-S-4646
5-O-518
SINGLECMD1-Cmd9
4-S-4647
5-O-519
SINGLECMD1-Cmd10
4-S-4648
5-O-520
SINGLECMD1-Cmd11
4-S-4649
5-O-521
SINGLECMD1-Cmd12
4-S-4650
5-O-522
SINGLECMD1-Cmdt13
4-S-4651
5-O-523
SINGLECMD1-Cmd14
4-S-4652
5-O-524
SINGLECMD1-Cmd15
4-S-4653
5-O-525
SINGLECMD1-Cmd16
4-S-4654
5-O-526
SINGLECMD2-Cmd1
4-S-4672
5-O-527
SINGLECMD2-Cmd2
4-S-4673
5-O-528
SINGLECMD2-Cmdt3
4-S-4674
5-O-529
SINGLECMD2-Cmd4
4-S-4675
5-O-530
SINGLECMD2-Cmd5
4-S-4676
5-O-531
SINGLECMD2-Cmd6
4-S-4677
5-O-532
SINGLECMD2-Cmd7
4-S-4678
5-O-533
SINGLECMD2-Cmd8
4-S-4679
5-O-534
SINGLECMD2-Cmd9
4-S-4680
5-O-535
SINGLECMD2-Cmd10
4-S-4681
5-O-536
SINGLECMD2-Cmd11
4-S-4682
5-O-537
SINGLECMD2-Cmd12
4-S-4683
5-O-538
SINGLECMD2-Cmd13
4-S-4684
5-O-539
SINGLECMD2-Cmd14
4-S-4685
5-O-540
SINGLECMD2-Cmd15
4-S-4686
5-O-541
SINGLECMD2-Cmd16
4-S-4687
5-O-542
SINGLECMD3-Cmd1
4-S-4705
5-O-543
SINGLECMD3-Cmd2
4-S-4706
5-O-544
SINGLECMD3-Cmd3
4-S-4707
5-O-545
SINGLECMD3-Cmd4
4-S-4708
5-O-546
SINGLECMD3-Cmd5
4-S-4709
5-O-547
SINGLECMD3-Cmd6
4-S-4710
5-O-548
SINGLECMD3-Cmd7
4-S-4711
5-O-549
SINGLECMD3-Cmd8
4-S-4712
5-O-550
SINGLECMD3-Cmd9
4-S-4713
5-O-551
SINGLECMD3-Cmd10
4-S-4714
5-O-552
SINGLECMD3-Cmd11
4-S-4715
5-O-553
SINGLECMD3-Cmd12
4-S-4716
5-O-554
SINGLECMD3-Cmd13
4-S-4717
5-O-555
932
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
Function block
SINGLECMD3-Cmd14
4-S-4718
5-O-556
SINGLECMD3-Cmd15
4-S-4719
5-O-557
SINGLECMD3-Cmd16
4-S-4720
5-O-558
Figure 494 shows an application example of how the user can, in a simplified way,
connect the command function via the configuration logic circuit in a protection
IED for control of a circuit breaker.
A pulse via the binary outputs of the IED normally performs this type of command
control. The SPA addresses to control the outputs OUT1 OUT16 in SINGLECMD:
1 are shown in table 625.
PULSETIMER
SINGLECMD
BLOCK
INPUT
^OUT1
^OUT2
#1.000
OUT
^OUT3
^OUT4
^OUT5
^OUT6
^OUT8
^OUT9
^OUT10
^OUT11
PULSETIMER
AND
^OUT7
INPUT1
INPUT2
INPUT3
INPUT4N
OUT
NOUT
INPUT
#1.000
OUT
^OUT12
^OUT13
^OUT14
^OUT15
^OUT16
SYNCH OK
IEC05000717-2-en.vsd
IEC05000717 V2 EN
Figure 494:
The MODE input defines if the output signals from SINGLECMD:1 is off, steady
or pulsed signals. This is set in Parameter Setting Tool (PST) under: Setting /
General Settings / Control / Commands / Single Command.
Event function
Event function is intended to send time-tagged events to the station level (for
example, operator workplace) over the station bus. The events are there presented
in an event list. The events can be created from both internal logical signals and
binary input channels. All the internal signals are time tagged in the main
processing module, while the binary input channels are time tagged directly on
each I/O module. The events are produced according to the set event masks. The
event masks are treated commonly for both the LON and SPA channels. All events
according to the event mask are stored in a buffer, which contains up to 1000
events. If new events appear before the oldest event in the buffer is read, the oldest
event is overwritten and an overflow alarm appears.
Two special signals for event registration purposes are available in the IED,
Terminal Restarted (0E50) and Event buffer overflow (0E51).
933
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
The input parameters can be set individually from the Parameter Setting Tool
(PST) under: Setting / General Setting / Monitoring / Event Function as follows:
No events
OnSet, at pick-up of the signal
OnReset, at drop-out of the signal
OnChange, at both pick-up and drop-out of the signal
AutoDetect, event system itself make the reporting decision, (reporting criteria
for integers has no semantic, prefer to be set by the user)
The Status and event codes for the Event functions are found in table 626.
Table 626:
Event block
Single indication1)
Set event
Reset
event
Double indication
Intermedi Closed 10 Open 01 Undefined
ate 00
11
EVENT:1
Input 1
Input 2
Input 3
Input 4
Input 5
Input 6
Input 7
Input 8
Input 9
Input 10
Input 11
Input 12
Input 13
Input 14
Input 15
Input 16
22O1
22O2
22O3
22O4
22O5
22O6
22O7
22O8
22O9
22O10
22O11
22O12
22O13
22O14
22O15
22O16
22E33
22E35
22E37
22E39
22E41
22E43
22E45
22E47
22E49
22E51
22E53
22E55
22E57
22E59
22E61
22E63
22E32
22E34
22E36
22E38
22E40
22E42
22E44
22E46
22E48
22E50
22E52
22E54
22E56
22E58
22E60
22E62
22E0
22E4
22E8
22E12
22E16
22E20
22E24
22E28
-
22E1
22E5
22E9
22E13
22E17
22E21
22E25
22E29
-
22E2
22E6
22E10
22E14
22E18
22E22
22E26
22E30
-
22E3
22E7
22E11
22E15
22E19
22E23
22E27
22E31
-
EVENT:2
EVENT:3
EVENT:20
230..
240..
410..
23E..
24E..
41E..
23E..
24E..
41E..
23E..
24E..
41E..
23E..
23E..
41E..
23E..
24E..
41E..
23E..
24E..
41E..
These values are only applicable if the Event mask is masked OFF.
Connection of signals as events
Signals coming from different protection and control functions and must be sent as
events to the station level over the SPA-bus (or LON-bus) are connected to the
Event function block according to figure 495.
934
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
EVENT
Block
ILRANG
PSTO
UL12RANG
UL23RANG
UL31RANG
3I0RANG
3U0RANG
FALSE
BLOCK
^INPUT1
^INPUT2
^INPUT3
^INPUT4
^INPUT5
^INPUT6
^INPUT7
^INPUT8
^INPUT9
^INPUT10
^INPUT11
^INPUT12
^INPUT13
^INPUT14
^INPUT15
^INPUT16
IEC07000065-2-en.vsd
IEC07000065 V2 EN
Figure 495:
17.5.2.1
Communication ports
The serial communication module (SLM) is used for SPA /IEC 60870-5-103/DNP
and LON communication. This module is a mezzanine module, and can be placed
on the Analog/Digital conversion module (ADM). The serial communication
module can have connectors for two plastic fibre cables (snap-in) or two glass fibre
cables (ST, bayonet) or a combination of plastic and glass fibre. Three different
types are available depending on type of fibre.
The incoming optical fibre is connected to the RX receiver input, and the outgoing
optical fibre to the TX transmitter output. When the fibre optic cables are laid out,
pay special attention to the instructions concerning the handling and connection of
the optical fibres. The module is identified with a number on the label on the module.
The procedure to set the transfer rate and slave number can be found in the
Installation and commissioning manual for respective IEDs.
17.5.3
Design
When communicating locally with a computer (PC) in the station, using the rear
SPA port, the only hardware needed for a station monitoring system is:
Optical fibres
Opto/electrical converter for the PC
PC
When communicating remotely with a PC using the rear SPA port, the same
hardware and telephone modems are needed.
The software needed in the PC, either local or remote, is PCM600.
When communicating between the local HMI and a PC, the only hardware required
is a front-connection cable.
935
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
17.5.4
Table 627:
Name
Setting parameters
SPA Non group settings (basic)
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
SlaveAddress
1 - 899
30
Slave address
BaudRate
300 Bd
1200 Bd
2400 Bd
4800 Bd
9600 Bd
19200 Bd
38400 Bd
9600 Bd
Table 628:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
Operation
Off
On
Off
Operation
SlaveAddress
1 - 899
30
Slave address
17.5.5
Technical data
Table 629:
Function
Value
Protocol
SPA
Communication speed
Slave number
1 to 899
17.6
17.6.1
Introduction
IEC 60870-5-103 communication protocol is mainly used when a protection IED
communicates with a third party control or monitoring system. This system must
have software that can interpret the IEC 60870-5-103 communication messages.
17.6.2
Principle of operation
17.6.2.1
General
IEC 60870-5-103 is an unbalanced (master-slave) protocol for coded-bit serial
communication exchanging information with a control system, and with a data
transfer rate up to 38400 bit/s. In IEC terminology, a primary station is a master
936
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
Event handling
Report of analog service values (measurements)
Fault location
Command handling
Autorecloser ON/OFF
Teleprotection ON/OFF
Protection ON/OFF
LED reset
Characteristics 1 - 4 (Setting groups)
For detailed information about IEC 60870-5-103, refer to the IEC 60870 standard
part 5: Transmission protocols, and to the section 103: Companion standard for the
informative interface of protection equipment.
The signal and setting tables specify the information types supported by the IEDs
with the communication protocol IEC 60870-5-103 implemented.
The information types are supported when corresponding functions are included in
the protection and control IED.
Commands in control direction
Commands in control direction, I103IEDCMD
Command block in control direction with defined output signals.
Number of instances: 1
Function type is selected with parameter FunctionType.
Information number is defined for each output signals.
Info. no
Message
Supported
19
LED Reset
Yes
23
Yes
24
Yes
25
Yes
26
Yes
937
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
Message
Supported
16
Auto-recloser on/off
Yes
17
Teleprotection on/off
Yes
18
Protection on/off
Yes
Message
Supported
Output signal 01
Yes
Output signal 02
Yes
Output signal 03
Yes
Output signal 04
Yes
Output signal 05
Yes
Output signal 06
Yes
Output signal 07
Yes
Output signal 08
Yes
Status
Terminal status indications in monitor direction, I103IED
Indication block for status in monitor direction with defined IED functions.
Number of instances: 1
Function type is selected with parameter FunctionType.
Information number is defined for each input signals.
938
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
Info. no.
Message
Supported
19
LED reset
Yes
20
No
21
TestMode
22
23
Yes
24
Yes
25
Yes
26
Yes
Message
Supported
48
Earth fault L1
No
49
Earth fault L2
No
50
Earth fault L3
No
51
Yes
52
Yes
Section 17
Station communication
Fault indication block for faults in monitor direction with defined functions.
The instance type is suitable for distance protection function.
FUNCTION TYPE parameter for each block.
INFORMATION NUMBER is defined for each input signal.
Number of instances: 1
Info. no.
Message
Supported
64
Start L1
Yes
65
Start L2
Yes
66
Start L3
Yes
67
Start IN
Yes
84
General start
Yes
69
Trip L1
Yes
70
Trip L2
Yes
71
Trip L3
Yes
68
General trip
Yes
74
Fault forward/line
Yes
75
Fault reverse/busbar
Yes
78
Zone 1
Yes
79
Zone 2
Yes
80
Zone 3
Yes
81
Zone 4
Yes
82
Zone 5
Yes
76
Signal transmitted
Yes
77
Signal received
Yes
73
Yes
940
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
Info. no.
Message
Supported
64
Start L1
Yes
65
Start L2
Yes
66
Start L3
Yes
67
Start IN
Yes
84
General start
Yes
69
Trip L1
Yes
70
Trip L2
Yes
71
Trip L3
Yes
68
General trip
Yes
74
Fault forward/line
Yes
75
Fault reverse/busbar
Yes
85
Breaker failure
Yes
86
Yes
87
Yes
88
Yes
89
Yes
90
Yes
91
Yes
92
Yes
93
Yes
Message
Supported
16
Autorecloser active
Yes
17
Teleprotection active
No
18
Protection active
No
128
CB on by Autorecloser
Yes
129
CB on by long-time AR
No
130
Autorecloser blocked
Yes
Measurands
Function blocks in monitor direction for input measurands. Typically connected to
monitoring function, for example to power measurement CVMMXN.
941
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
Message
Supported
148
IL1
Yes
144, 145,
148
IL2
Yes
148
IL3
Yes
147
Yes
148
UL1
Yes
148
UL2
Yes
148
UL3
Yes
145, 146
UL1-UL2
Yes
147
Yes
146, 148
P, active power
Yes
146, 148
Q, reactive power
Yes
148
f, frequency
Yes
Message
*1)
Meas1
Yes
Meas2
Yes
Meas3
Yes
Meas4
Yes
Meas5
Yes
Meas6
Yes
Meas7
Yes
Meas8
Yes
Meas9
Yes
Supported
942
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
Disturbance recordings
The following elements are used in the ASDUs (Application Service Data Units)
defined in the standard.
Analog signals, 40-channels: the channel number for each channel has to be
specified. Channels used in the public range are 1 to 8 and with:
Channel number used for the remaining 32 analog signals are numbers in the
private range 64 to 95.
Binary signals, 96-channels: for each channel the user can specify a FUNCTION
TYPE and an INFORMATION NUMBER.
Disturbance upload
All analog and binary signals that are recorded with disturbance recorder can be
reported to the master. The last eight disturbances that are recorded are available
for transfer to the master. A successfully transferred disturbance (acknowledged by
the master) will not be reported to the master again.
When a new disturbance is recorded by the IED a list of available recorded
disturbances will be sent to the master, an updated list of available disturbances can
be sent whenever something has happened to disturbances in this list. For example,
when a disturbance is deteceted (by other client, for example, SPA) or when a new
disturbance has been recorded or when the master has uploaded a disturbance.
Deviations from the standard
Information sent in the disturbance upload is specified by the standard; however,
some of the information are adapted to information available in disturbance
recorder in 670 series.
This section describes all data that is not exactly as specified in the standard.
ASDU23
In list of recorded disturbances (ASDU23) an information element named SOF
(status of fault) exists. This information element consists of 4 bits and indicates
whether:
943
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
Bit TP: the protection equipment has tripped during the fault
Bit TM: the disturbance data are currently being transmitted
Bit TEST: the disturbance data have been recorded during normal operation or
test mode.
Bit OTEV: the disturbance data recording has been initiated by another event
than start
The only information that is easily available is test-mode status. The other
information is always set (hard coded) to:
TP
TM
OTEV
No
number of loads
No
Optical interface
glass fibre
Yes
plastic fibre
Transmission speed
9600 bit/s
Yes
19200 bit/s
Yes
Link Layer
DFC-bit used
Yes
Section 17
Station communication
Supported
Connectors
connector F-SMA
No
connector BFOC/2.5
Yes
Yes
Time-tagged message
Yes
Yes
Measurands I
Yes
Yes
Identification
Yes
Time synchronization
Yes
Yes
Measurands II
Yes
10
Generic data
No
11
Generic identification
No
23
Yes
26
Yes
27
Yes
28
Yes
29
Transmission of tags
Yes
30
Yes
31
End of transmission
Yes
Yes
Time synchronization
Yes
General interrogation
Yes
10
Generic data
No
20
General command
Yes
21
Generic command
No
24
Yes
25
Yes
No
Yes
945
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
Supported
17.6.2.2
Disturbance data
Yes
Private data
Yes
Generic services
No
Communication ports
The serial communication module (SLM) is used for SPA/IEC 60870-5-103/DNP
and LON communication. This module is a mezzanine module, and can be placed
on the Analog/Digital conversion module (ADM). The serial communication
module can have connectors for two plastic fibre cables (snap-in) or two glass fibre
cables (ST, bayonet) or a combination of plastic and glass fibre. Three different
types are available depending on type of fibre.
The incoming optical fibre is connected to the RX receiver input, and the outgoing
optical fibre to the TX transmitter output. When the fibre optic cables are laid out,
pay special attention to the instructions concerning the handling and connection of
the optical fibres. The module is identified with a number on the label on the module.
17.6.3
Function block
BLOCK
FUNTYPE
I103IEDCMD
19-LEDRS
23-GRP1
24-GRP2
25-GRP3
26-GRP4
IEC05000689-2-en.vsd
IEC05000689 V2 EN
I103CMD
BLOCK
FUNTYPE
16-AR
17-DIFF
18-PROT
IEC05000684-2-en.vsd
IEC05000684 V2 EN
I103USRCMD
BLOCK
OUTPUT1
PULSEMOD
OUTPUT2
T
OUTPUT3
FUNTYPE
OUTPUT4
INFNO_1
OUTPUT5
INFNO_2
OUTPUT6
INFNO_3
OUTPUT7
INFNO_4
OUTPUT8
INFNO_5
INFNO_6
INFNO_7
INFNO_8
IEC05000693-2-en.vsd
IEC05000693 V2 EN
946
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
I103IED
BLOCK
19_LEDRS
23_GRP1
24_GRP2
25_GRP3
26_GRP4
21_TESTM
FUNTYPE
IEC05000688-2-en.vsd
IEC05000688 V2 EN
I103USRDEF
BLOCK
INPUT1
INPUT2
INPUT3
INPUT4
INPUT5
INPUT6
INPUT7
INPUT8
FUNTYPE
INFNO_1
INFNO_2
INFNO_3
INFNO_4
INFNO_5
INFNO_6
INFNO_7
INFNO_8
IEC05000694-2-en.vsd
IEC05000694 V2 EN
I103SUPERV
BLOCK
32_MEASI
33_MEASU
37_IBKUP
38_VTFF
46_GRWA
47_GRAL
FUNTYPE
IEC05000692-2-en.vsd
IEC05000692 V2 EN
I103EF
BLOCK
51_EFFW
52_EFREV
FUNTYPE
IEC05000685-2-en.vsd
IEC05000685 V2 EN
947
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
I103FLTDIS
BLOCK
64_STL1
65_STL2
66_STL3
67_STIN
84_STGEN
69_TRL1
70_TRL2
71_TRL3
68_TRGEN
74_FW
75_REV
78_ZONE1
79_ZONE2
80_ZONE3
81_ZONE4
82_ZONE5
76_TRANS
77_RECEV
73_SCL
FLTLOC
ARINPROG
FUNTYPE
IEC05000686-2-en.vsd
IEC05000686 V2 EN
I103FLTSTD
BLOCK
64_STL1
65_STL2
66_STL3
67_STIN
84_STGEN
69_TRL1
70_TRL2
71_TRL3
68_TRGEN
74_FW
75_REV
85_BFP
86_MTRL1
87_MTRL2
88_MTRL3
89_MTRN
90_IOC
91_IOC
92_IEF
93_IEF
ARINPROG
FUNTYPE
IEC05000687-2-en.vsd
IEC05000687 V2 EN
I103AR
BLOCK
16_ARACT
128_CBON
130_UNSU
FUNTYPE
IEC05000683-2-en.vsd
IEC05000683 V2 EN
948
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
I103MEAS
BLOCK
IL1
IL2
IL3
IN
UL1
UL2
UL3
UL1L2
UN
P
Q
F
FUNTYPE
IEC05000690-2-en.vsd
IEC05000690 V2 EN
I103MEASUSR
BLOCK
INPUT1
INPUT2
INPUT3
INPUT4
INPUT5
INPUT6
INPUT7
INPUT8
INPUT9
FUNTYPE
INFNO
IEC05000691-2-en.vsd
IEC05000691 V2 EN
17.6.4
Table 631:
Name
Default
0
Description
Block of commands
Description
19-LEDRS
BOOLEAN
23-GRP1
BOOLEAN
24-GRP2
BOOLEAN
25-GRP3
BOOLEAN
26-GRP4
BOOLEAN
Table 632:
Name
BLOCK
Default
0
Description
Block of commands
949
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
Table 633:
Name
Description
16-AR
BOOLEAN
17-DIFF
BOOLEAN
18-PROT
BOOLEAN
Table 634:
Name
BLOCK
Table 635:
Name
Default
BOOLEAN
Description
Block of commands
Description
OUTPUT1
BOOLEAN
Command output 1
OUTPUT2
BOOLEAN
Command output 2
OUTPUT3
BOOLEAN
Command output 3
OUTPUT4
BOOLEAN
Command output 4
OUTPUT5
BOOLEAN
Command output 5
OUTPUT6
BOOLEAN
Command output 6
OUTPUT7
BOOLEAN
Command output 7
OUTPUT8
BOOLEAN
Command output 8
Table 636:
Name
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
19_LEDRS
BOOLEAN
23_GRP1
BOOLEAN
24_GRP2
BOOLEAN
25_GRP3
BOOLEAN
26_GRP4
BOOLEAN
21_TESTM
BOOLEAN
Table 637:
Name
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
INPUT1
BOOLEAN
INPUT2
BOOLEAN
INPUT3
BOOLEAN
950
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
Name
Type
Default
Description
INPUT4
BOOLEAN
INPUT5
BOOLEAN
INPUT6
BOOLEAN
INPUT7
BOOLEAN
INPUT8
BOOLEAN
Table 638:
Name
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
32_MEASI
BOOLEAN
33_MEASU
BOOLEAN
37_IBKUP
BOOLEAN
38_VTFF
BOOLEAN
46_GRWA
BOOLEAN
47_GRAL
BOOLEAN
Table 639:
Name
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
51_EFFW
BOOLEAN
52_EFREV
BOOLEAN
Table 640:
Name
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
64_STL1
BOOLEAN
65_STL2
BOOLEAN
66_STL3
BOOLEAN
67_STIN
BOOLEAN
84_STGEN
BOOLEAN
69_TRL1
BOOLEAN
70_TRL2
BOOLEAN
71_TRL3
BOOLEAN
68_TRGEN
BOOLEAN
74_FW
BOOLEAN
75_REV
BOOLEAN
Section 17
Station communication
Name
Type
Default
Description
78_ZONE1
BOOLEAN
79_ZONE2
BOOLEAN
80_ZONE3
BOOLEAN
81_ZONE4
BOOLEAN
82_ZONE5
BOOLEAN
76_TRANS
BOOLEAN
77_RECEV
BOOLEAN
73_SCL
REAL
FLTLOC
BOOLEAN
ARINPROG
BOOLEAN
Table 641:
Name
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
64_STL1
BOOLEAN
65_STL2
BOOLEAN
66_STL3
BOOLEAN
67_STIN
BOOLEAN
84_STGEN
BOOLEAN
69_TRL1
BOOLEAN
70_TRL2
BOOLEAN
71_TRL3
BOOLEAN
68_TRGEN
BOOLEAN
74_FW
BOOLEAN
75_REV
BOOLEAN
85_BFP
BOOLEAN
86_MTRL1
BOOLEAN
87_MTRL2
BOOLEAN
88_MTRL3
BOOLEAN
89_MTRN
BOOLEAN
90_IOC
BOOLEAN
91_IOC
BOOLEAN
92_IEF
BOOLEAN
93_IEF
BOOLEAN
ARINPROG
BOOLEAN
952
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
Table 642:
Name
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
16_ARACT
BOOLEAN
128_CBON
BOOLEAN
130_UNSU
BOOLEAN
Table 643:
Name
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
IL1
REAL
0.0
IL2
REAL
0.0
IL3
REAL
0.0
IN
REAL
0.0
UL1
REAL
0.0
UL2
REAL
0.0
UL3
REAL
0.0
UL1L2
REAL
0.0
UN
REAL
0.0
REAL
0.0
REAL
0.0
REAL
0.0
Table 644:
Name
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
INPUT1
REAL
0.0
INPUT2
REAL
0.0
INPUT3
REAL
0.0
INPUT4
REAL
0.0
INPUT5
REAL
0.0
INPUT6
REAL
0.0
INPUT7
REAL
0.0
INPUT8
REAL
0.0
INPUT9
REAL
0.0
953
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
17.6.5
Table 645:
Setting parameters
IEC60870-5-103 Non group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
SlaveAddress
0 - 255
30
Slave address
BaudRate
9600 Bd
19200 Bd
9600 Bd
RevPolarity
Off
On
On
Invert polarity
CycMeasRepTime
1.0 - 3600.0
0.1
5.0
Table 646:
Name
FUNTYPE
Table 647:
Name
FUNTYPE
Table 648:
Name
Unit
FunT
Step
1
Default
255
Description
Function type (1-255)
Unit
FunT
Step
1
Default
1
Description
Function type (1-255)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
PULSEMOD
0-1
Mode
0.200 - 60.000
0.001
0.400
Pulse length
FUNTYPE
1 - 255
FunT
INFNO_1
1 - 255
InfNo
INFNO_2
1 - 255
InfNo
INFNO_3
1 - 255
InfNo
INFNO_4
1 - 255
InfNo
INFNO_5
1 - 255
InfNo
INFNO_6
1 - 255
InfNo
INFNO_7
1 - 255
InfNo
INFNO_8
1 - 255
InfNo
Table 649:
Name
FUNTYPE
Unit
FunT
Step
1
Default
1
Description
Function type (1-255)
954
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
Table 650:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
FUNTYPE
1 - 255
FunT
INFNO_1
1 - 255
InfNo
INFNO_2
1 - 255
InfNo
INFNO_3
1 - 255
InfNo
INFNO_4
1 - 255
InfNo
INFNO_5
1 - 255
InfNo
INFNO_6
1 - 255
InfNo
INFNO_7
1 - 255
InfNo
INFNO_8
1 - 255
InfNo
Table 651:
Name
Values (Range)
FUNTYPE
Table 652:
1 - 255
Values (Range)
FUNTYPE
1 - 255
Values (Range)
FUNTYPE
1 - 255
Default
1
Description
Function type (1-255)
Unit
FunT
Step
1
Default
160
Description
Function type (1-255)
Unit
FunT
Step
1
Default
128
Description
Function type (1-255)
Name
Values (Range)
FUNTYPE
Table 655:
Step
Name
Table 654:
FunT
Name
Table 653:
Unit
1 - 255
Unit
FunT
Step
1
Default
1
Description
Function type (1-255)
Name
FUNTYPE
Values (Range)
1 - 255
Unit
FunT
Step
1
Default
1
Description
Function type (1-255)
955
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
Table 656:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
RatedIL1
1 - 99999
3000
RatedIL2
1 - 99999
3000
RatedIL3
1 - 99999
3000
RatedIN
1 - 99999
3000
RatedUL1
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
230.00
RatedUL2
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
230.00
RatedUL3
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
230.00
RatedUL1-UL2
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
400.00
RatedUN
0.05 - 2000.00
kV
0.05
230.00
RatedP
0.00 - 2000.00
MW
0.05
1200.00
RatedQ
0.00 - 2000.00
MVA
0.05
1200.00
RatedF
50.0 - 60.0
Hz
10.0
50.0
FUNTYPE
1 - 255
FunT
Table 657:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
FUNTYPE
1 - 255
FunT
25
INFNO
1 - 255
InfNo
RatedMeasur1
0.05 10000000000.00
0.05
1000.00
RatedMeasur2
0.05 10000000000.00
0.05
1000.00
RatedMeasur3
0.05 10000000000.00
0.05
1000.00
RatedMeasur4
0.05 10000000000.00
0.05
1000.00
RatedMeasur5
0.05 10000000000.00
0.05
1000.00
RatedMeasur6
0.05 10000000000.00
0.05
1000.00
RatedMeasur7
0.05 10000000000.00
0.05
1000.00
RatedMeasur8
0.05 10000000000.00
0.05
1000.00
RatedMeasur9
0.05 10000000000.00
0.05
1000.00
956
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
17.6.6
Technical data
Table 658:
Function
Value
Protocol
IEC 60870-5-103
Communication speed
9600, 19200 Bd
17.7
17.7.1
Function block
GOOSEINTLKRCV
BLOCK
^RESREQ
^RESGRANT
^APP1_OP
^APP1_CL
APP1VAL
^APP2_OP
^APP2_CL
APP2VAL
^APP3_OP
^APP3_CL
APP3VAL
^APP4_OP
^APP4_CL
APP4VAL
^APP5_OP
^APP5_CL
APP5VAL
^APP6_OP
^APP6_CL
APP6VAL
^APP7_OP
^APP7_CL
APP7VAL
^APP8_OP
^APP8_CL
APP8VAL
^APP9_OP
^APP9_CL
APP9VAL
^APP10_OP
^APP10_CL
APP10VAL
^APP11_OP
^APP11_CL
APP11VAL
^APP12_OP
^APP12_CL
APP12VAL
^APP13_OP
^APP13_CL
APP13VAL
^APP14_OP
^APP14_CL
APP14VAL
^APP15_OP
^APP15_CL
APP15VAL
COM_VAL
IEC07000048-2-en.vsd
IEC07000048 V2 EN
Figure 496:
Section 17
Station communication
17.7.2
Table 660:
Name
Default
0
Description
Block of output signals
Description
RESREQ
BOOLEAN
Reservation request
RESGRANT
BOOLEAN
Reservation granted
APP1_OP
BOOLEAN
APP1_CL
BOOLEAN
APP1VAL
BOOLEAN
APP2_OP
BOOLEAN
APP2_CL
BOOLEAN
APP2VAL
BOOLEAN
APP3_OP
BOOLEAN
APP3_CL
BOOLEAN
APP3VAL
BOOLEAN
APP4_OP
BOOLEAN
APP4_CL
BOOLEAN
APP4VAL
BOOLEAN
APP5_OP
BOOLEAN
APP5_CL
BOOLEAN
APP5VAL
BOOLEAN
APP6_OP
BOOLEAN
APP6_CL
BOOLEAN
APP6VAL
BOOLEAN
APP7_OP
BOOLEAN
APP7_CL
BOOLEAN
APP7VAL
BOOLEAN
APP8_OP
BOOLEAN
APP8_CL
BOOLEAN
APP8VAL
BOOLEAN
APP9_OP
BOOLEAN
APP9_CL
BOOLEAN
APP9VAL
BOOLEAN
APP10_OP
BOOLEAN
APP10_CL
BOOLEAN
APP10VAL
BOOLEAN
Section 17
Station communication
Name
17.7.3
Table 661:
Type
Description
APP11_OP
BOOLEAN
APP11_CL
BOOLEAN
APP11VAL
BOOLEAN
APP12_OP
BOOLEAN
APP12_CL
BOOLEAN
APP12VAL
BOOLEAN
APP13_OP
BOOLEAN
APP13_CL
BOOLEAN
APP13VAL
BOOLEAN
APP14_OP
BOOLEAN
APP14_CL
BOOLEAN
APP14VAL
BOOLEAN
APP15_OP
BOOLEAN
APP15_CL
BOOLEAN
APP15VAL
BOOLEAN
COM_VAL
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
GOOSEINTLKRCV Non group settings (basic)
Name
Operation
Values (Range)
Off
On
Unit
-
Step
-
Default
Off
Description
Operation Off/On
959
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
17.8
17.8.1
Function block
GOOSEBINRCV
BLOCK
^OUT1
OUT1VAL
^OUT2
OUT2VAL
^OUT3
OUT3VAL
^OUT4
OUT4VAL
^OUT5
OUT5VAL
^OUT6
OUT6VAL
^OUT7
OUT7VAL
^OUT8
OUT8VAL
^OUT9
OUT9VAL
^OUT10
OUT10VAL
^OUT11
OUT11VAL
^OUT12
OUT12VAL
^OUT13
OUT13VAL
^OUT14
OUT14VAL
^OUT15
OUT15VAL
^OUT16
OUT16VAL
IEC07000047-2-en.vsd
IEC07000047 V2 EN
Figure 497:
17.8.2
Table 663:
Name
Default
0
Description
Block of output signals
Description
OUT1
BOOLEAN
Binary output 1
OUT1VAL
BOOLEAN
OUT2
BOOLEAN
Binary output 2
OUT2VAL
BOOLEAN
OUT3
BOOLEAN
Binary output 3
OUT3VAL
BOOLEAN
960
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
Name
17.8.3
Table 664:
Type
Description
OUT4
BOOLEAN
Binary output 4
OUT4VAL
BOOLEAN
OUT5
BOOLEAN
Binary output 5
OUT5VAL
BOOLEAN
OUT6
BOOLEAN
Binary output 6
OUT6VAL
BOOLEAN
OUT7
BOOLEAN
Binary output 7
OUT7VAL
BOOLEAN
OUT8
BOOLEAN
Binary output 8
OUT8VAL
BOOLEAN
OUT9
BOOLEAN
Binary output 9
OUT9VAL
BOOLEAN
OUT10
BOOLEAN
Binary output 10
OUT10VAL
BOOLEAN
OUT11
BOOLEAN
Binary output 11
OUT11VAL
BOOLEAN
OUT12
BOOLEAN
Binary output 12
OUT12VAL
BOOLEAN
OUT13
BOOLEAN
Binary output 13
OUT13VAL
BOOLEAN
OUT14
BOOLEAN
Binary output 14
OUT14VAL
BOOLEAN
OUT15
BOOLEAN
Binary output 15
OUT15VAL
BOOLEAN
OUT16
BOOLEAN
Binary output 16
OUT16VAL
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
GOOSEBINRCV Non group settings (basic)
Name
Operation
17.9
Values (Range)
Off
On
Unit
-
Step
-
Default
Off
Description
Operation Off/On
961
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
Function description
17.9.1
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
MULTICMDRCV
MULTICMDSND
Introduction
The IED can be provided with a function to send and receive signals to and from
other IEDs via the interbay bus. The send and receive function blocks has 16 outputs/
inputs that can be used, together with the configuration logic circuits, for control
purposes within the IED or via binary outputs. When it is used to communicate
with other IEDs, these IEDs have a corresponding Multiple transmit function block
with 16 outputs to send the information received by the command block.
17.9.2
Principle of operation
Two multiple transmit function blocks MULTICMDSND:1 and MULTICMDSND:
2 and 8 slow multiple transmit function blocks MULTICMDSND:3 to
MULTICMDSND:10 are available in the IED.
Sixteen signals can be connected and they will then be sent to the multiple
command block in the other IED. The connections are set with the LON Network
Tool (LNT).
Twelve multiple command function blocks MULTICMDRCV:1 to
MULTICMDRCV:12 with fast execution time and 48 multiple command function
blocks MULTICMDRCV:13 to MULTICMDRCV:60 with slower execution time
are available in the IED.
Multiple command function block MULTICMDRCV has 16 outputs combined in
one block, which can be controlled from other IEDs.
The output signals, here OUTPUT1 to OUTPUT16, are then available for
configuration to built-in functions or via the configuration logic circuits to the
binary outputs of the IED.
MULTICMDRCV also has a supervision function, which sets the output VALID to
0 if the block does not receive data within set maximum time.
17.9.3
Design
17.9.3.1
General
The output signals can be of the types Off, Steady, or Pulse. The setting is done on
the MODE settings, common for the whole block, from PCM600.
962
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
17.9.4
0 = Off sets all outputs to 0, independent of the values sent from the station
level, that is, the operator station or remote-control gateway.
1 = Steady sets the outputs to a steady signal 0 or 1, depending on the values
sent from the station level.
2 = Pulse gives a pulse with one execution cycle duration, if a value sent from
the station level is changed from 0 to 1. That means that the configured logic
connected to the command function blocks may not have a cycle time longer
than the execution cycle time for the command function block.
Function block
MULTICMDRCV
BLOCK
ERROR
NEWDATA
OUTPUT1
OUTPUT2
OUTPUT3
OUTPUT4
OUTPUT5
OUTPUT6
OUTPUT7
OUTPUT8
OUTPUT9
OUTPUT10
OUTPUT11
OUTPUT12
OUTPUT13
OUTPUT14
OUTPUT15
OUTPUT16
VALID
IEC06000007-2-en.vsd
IEC06000007 V2 EN
Figure 498:
MULTICMDSND
BLOCK
ERROR
INPUT1
INPUT2
INPUT3
INPUT4
INPUT5
INPUT6
INPUT7
INPUT8
INPUT9
INPUT10
INPUT11
INPUT12
INPUT13
INPUT14
INPUT15
INPUT16
IEC06000008-2-en.vsd
IEC06000008 V2 EN
Figure 499:
963
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
17.9.5
Table 666:
Name
Default
0
Description
Block of function
Default
Description
BLOCK
BOOLEAN
Block of function
INPUT1
BOOLEAN
Input 1
INPUT2
BOOLEAN
Input 2
INPUT3
BOOLEAN
Input 3
INPUT4
BOOLEAN
Input 4
INPUT5
BOOLEAN
Input 5
INPUT6
BOOLEAN
Input 6
INPUT7
BOOLEAN
Input 7
INPUT8
BOOLEAN
Input 8
INPUT9
BOOLEAN
Input 9
INPUT10
BOOLEAN
Input 10
INPUT11
BOOLEAN
Input 11
INPUT12
BOOLEAN
Input 12
INPUT13
BOOLEAN
Input 13
INPUT14
BOOLEAN
Input 14
INPUT15
BOOLEAN
Input 15
INPUT16
BOOLEAN
Input 16
Table 667:
Name
Description
ERROR
BOOLEAN
MultiReceive error
NEWDATA
BOOLEAN
OUTPUT1
BOOLEAN
Output 1
OUTPUT2
BOOLEAN
Output 2
OUTPUT3
BOOLEAN
Output 3
OUTPUT4
BOOLEAN
Output 4
OUTPUT5
BOOLEAN
Output 5
OUTPUT6
BOOLEAN
Output 6
OUTPUT7
BOOLEAN
Output 7
OUTPUT8
BOOLEAN
Output 8
OUTPUT9
BOOLEAN
Output 9
964
Technical reference manual
Section 17
Station communication
Name
Type
BOOLEAN
Output 10
OUTPUT11
BOOLEAN
Output 11
OUTPUT12
BOOLEAN
Output 12
OUTPUT13
BOOLEAN
Output 13
OUTPUT14
BOOLEAN
Output 14
OUTPUT15
BOOLEAN
Output 15
OUTPUT16
BOOLEAN
Output 16
VALID
BOOLEAN
Table 668:
Name
Type
ERROR
17.9.6
Table 669:
Description
OUTPUT10
Description
BOOLEAN
MultiSend error
Setting parameters
MULTICMDRCV Non group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
tMaxCycleTime
0.050 - 200.000
0.001
11.000
tMinCycleTime
0.000 - 200.000
0.001
0.000
Mode
Steady
Pulsed
Steady
tPulseTime
0.000 - 60.000
0.001
0.200
Table 670:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
tMaxCycleTime
0.000 - 200.000
0.001
5.000
tMinCycleTime
0.000 - 200.000
0.001
0.000
965
Technical reference manual
966
Section 18
Remote communication
Section 18
Remote communication
18.1
18.1.1
IEC 61850
identification
IEC 60617
identification
ANSI/IEEE C37.2
device number
BinSignReceive
BinSignTransm
Introduction
The remote end data communication is used either for the transmission of current
values together with maximum 8 binary signals in the line differential protection,
or for transmission of only binary signals, up to 192 signals, in the other 670 series
IEDs. The binary signals are freely configurable and can, thus, be used for any
purpose, for example, communication scheme related signals, transfer trip and/or
other binary signals between IEDs.
Communication between two IEDs requires that each IED is equipped with an
LDCM (Line Data Communication Module). The LDCMs are then interfaces to a
64 kbit/s communication channel for duplex communication between the IEDs.
The IED can be equipped with up to four short range, medium range or long range
LDCM.
18.1.2
Principle of operation
The communication is made on standard ITU (CCITT) PCM digital 64 kbit/s
channels. It is a two-way communication where telegrams are sent every 5 ms
(same in 50 Hz and 60 Hz), exchanging information between two IEDs. The format
used is C37.94 and one telegram consists of start and stop flags, address, data to be
transmitted, Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) and Yellow bit (which is associated
with C37.94).
967
Technical reference manual
Section 18
Remote communication
Start
flag
8 bits
Information
n x 16 bits
CRC
Stop
flag
16 bits
8 bits
en01000134.vsd
IEC01000134 V1 EN
Figure 500:
The start and stop flags are the 0111 1110 sequence (7E hexadecimal), defined in
the HDLC standard. The CRC is designed according to the standard CRC16
definition. The optional address field in the HDLC frame is not used instead a
separate addressing is included in the data field.
The address field is used for checking that the received message originates from
the correct equipment. There is always a risk that multiplexers occasionally mix the
messages up. Each terminal in the system is given a number. The terminal is then
programmed to accept messages from a specific terminal number. If the CRC
function detects a faulty message, the message is thrown away and not used in the
evaluation.
When the communication is used for line differential purpose, the transmitted data
consists of three currents, clock information, trip-, block- and alarm-signals and
eight binary signals which can be used for any purpose. The three currents are
represented as sampled values.
When the communication is used exclusively for binary signals, the full data
capacity of the communication channel is used for the binary signal purpose which
gives the capacity of 192 signals.
968
Technical reference manual
Section 18
Remote communication
18.1.3
Function block
LDCMRecBinStat1
COMFAIL
YBIT
NOCARR
NOMESS
ADDRERR
LNGTHERR
CRCERROR
REMCOMF
LOWLEVEL
IEC07000043-2-en.vsd
IEC07000043 V2 EN
LDCMRecBinStat2
COMFAIL
YBIT
NOCARR
NOMESS
ADDRERR
LNGTHERR
CRCERROR
TRDELERR
SYNCERR
REMCOMF
REMGPSER
SUBSTITU
LOWLEVEL
IEC07000044-2-en.vsd
IEC07000044 V2 EN
Figure 501:
LDCMRecBinStat3
COMFAIL
YBIT
NOCARR
NOMESS
ADDRERR
LNGTHERR
CRCERROR
TRDELERR
SYNCERR
REMCOMF
REMGPSER
SUBSTITU
LOWLEVEL
IEC05000451-2-en.vsd
IEC05000451 V2 EN
Figure 502:
18.1.4
Description
COMFAIL
BOOLEAN
YBIT
BOOLEAN
NOCARR
BOOLEAN
969
Technical reference manual
Section 18
Remote communication
Name
Type
Description
NOMESS
BOOLEAN
ADDRERR
BOOLEAN
LNGTHERR
BOOLEAN
CRCERROR
BOOLEAN
REMCOMF
BOOLEAN
LOWLEVEL
BOOLEAN
Table 672:
Name
Description
COMFAIL
BOOLEAN
YBIT
BOOLEAN
NOCARR
BOOLEAN
NOMESS
BOOLEAN
ADDRERR
BOOLEAN
LNGTHERR
BOOLEAN
CRCERROR
BOOLEAN
TRDELERR
BOOLEAN
SYNCERR
BOOLEAN
REMCOMF
BOOLEAN
REMGPSER
BOOLEAN
SUBSTITU
BOOLEAN
LOWLEVEL
BOOLEAN
Table 673:
Name
Description
COMFAIL
BOOLEAN
YBIT
BOOLEAN
NOCARR
BOOLEAN
NOMESS
BOOLEAN
ADDRERR
BOOLEAN
LNGTHERR
BOOLEAN
CRCERROR
BOOLEAN
TRDELERR
BOOLEAN
970
Technical reference manual
Section 18
Remote communication
Name
18.1.5
Table 674:
Type
Description
SYNCERR
BOOLEAN
REMCOMF
BOOLEAN
REMGPSER
BOOLEAN
SUBSTITU
BOOLEAN
LOWLEVEL
BOOLEAN
Setting parameters
LDCMRecBinStat1 Non group settings (basic)
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
ChannelMode
Off
On
OutOfService
On
TerminalNo
0 - 255
RemoteTermNo
0 - 255
CommSync
Slave
Master
Slave
OptoPower
LowPower
HighPower
LowPower
ComFailAlrmDel
5 - 500
ms
100
ComFailResDel
5 - 500
ms
100
InvertPolX21
Off
On
Off
Table 675:
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
ChannelMode
Off
On
OutOfService
On
NAMECH1
0 - 13
LDCM#-CH1
TerminalNo
0 - 255
RemoteTermNo
0 - 255
NAMECH2
0 - 13
LDCM#-CH2
DiffSync
Echo
GPS
Echo
GPSSyncErr
Block
Echo
Block
CommSync
Slave
Master
Slave
Section 18
Remote communication
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
NAMECH3
0 - 13
LDCM#-CH3
OptoPower
LowPower
HighPower
LowPower
NAMECH4
0 - 13
LDCM#-CH4
TransmCurr
CT-GRP1
CT-GRP2
CT-SUM
CT-DIFF1
CT-DIFF2
CT-GRP1
ComFailAlrmDel
5 - 500
ms
100
ComFailResDel
5 - 500
ms
100
RedChSwTime
5 - 500
ms
RedChRturnTime
5 - 500
ms
100
AsymDelay
-20.00 - 20.00
ms
0.01
0.00
AnalogLatency
2 - 20
remAinLatency
2 - 20
MaxTransmDelay
0 - 40
ms
20
CompRange
0-10kA
0-25kA
0-50kA
0-150kA
0-25kA
Compression range
MaxtDiffLevel
200 - 2000
us
600
DeadbandtDiff
200 - 1000
us
300
InvertPolX21
Off
On
Off
Table 676:
Name
Unit
Step
Default
Description
ChannelMode
Off
On
OutOfService
On
NAMECH1
0 - 13
LDCM#-CH1
TerminalNo
0 - 255
RemoteTermNo
0 - 255
NAMECH2
0 - 13
LDCM#-CH2
DiffSync
Echo
GPS
Echo
GPSSyncErr
Block
Echo
Block
972
Technical reference manual
Section 18
Remote communication
Name
Values (Range)
Unit
Step
Default
Description
CommSync
Slave
Master
Slave
NAMECH3
0 - 13
LDCM#-CH3
OptoPower
LowPower
HighPower
LowPower
NAMECH4
0 - 13
LDCM#-CH4
TransmCurr
CT-GRP1
CT-GRP2
CT-SUM
CT-DIFF1
CT-DIFF2
RedundantChannel
CT-GRP1
ComFailAlrmDel
5 - 500
ms
100
ComFailResDel
5 - 500
ms
100
RedChSwTime
5 - 500
ms
RedChRturnTime
5 - 500
ms
100
AsymDelay
-20.00 - 20.00
ms
0.01
0.00
AnalogLatency
2 - 20
remAinLatency
2 - 20
MaxTransmDelay
0 - 40
ms
20
CompRange
0-10kA
0-25kA
0-50kA
0-150kA
0-25kA
Compression range
MaxtDiffLevel
200 - 2000
us
600
DeadbandtDiff
200 - 1000
us
300
InvertPolX21
Off
On
Off
973
Technical reference manual
Section 18
Remote communication
18.2
18.2.1
Function block
LDCMTRN
^CT1L1
^CT1L2
^CT1L3
^CT1N
^CT2L1
^CT2L2
^CT2L3
^CT2N
IEC10000017-1-en.vsd
IEC10000017 V1 EN
Figure 503:
18.2.2
Default
Description
CT1L1
STRING
CT1L2
STRING
CT1L3
STRING
CT1N
STRING
CT2L1
STRING
CT2L2
STRING
CT2L3
STRING
CT2N
STRING
974
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
Section 19
IED hardware
19.1
Overview
19.1.1
xx04000458.ep
IEC04000458 V1 EN
Figure 504:
975
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
xx04000459.ep
IEC04000459 V1 EN
Figure 505:
IEC05000762 V1 EN
Figure 506:
xx05000763.eps
IEC05000763 V1 EN
Figure 507:
976
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
xx04000460.ep
IEC04000460 V1 EN
Figure 508:
xx04000461.eps
IEC04000461 V1 EN
Figure 509:
977
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
19.1.2
Table 678:
Module
Rear Positions
PSM
X11
SLM
X301:A, B, C, D
X302
LDCM or RS485
X303
OEM
X311:A, B, C, D
X312, 313
TRM
X401
978
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
Table 679:
Module
Rear Positions
PSM
X11
SLM
X301:A, B, C, D
X302
LDCM or RS485
X303
OEM
X311:A, B, C, D
X312, X313
TRM
X401
979
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
Table 680:
Module
Rear Positions
PSM
X11
SLM
X301:A, B, C, D
X302
LDCM or RS485
X303
OEM
X311:A, B, C, D
TRM 1
X401
TRM 2
X411
980
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
Table 681:
Module
Rear Positions
PSM
X11
BIM, BOM,
SOM, IOM or
MIM
SLM
X301:A, B, C, D
LDCM, IRIG-B or
RS485
X302
LDCM or RS485
X303
OEM
X311:A, B, C, D
LDCM,RS485 or
GTM
X312, X313
TRM
X401
981
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
Table 682:
Module
Rear Positions
PSM
X11
BIM, BOM,
SOM, IOM or
MIM
SLM
X301:A, B, C, D
LDCM, IRIG-B or
RS485
X302
LDCM or RS485
X303
OEM
X311:A, B, C, D
LDCM, RS485 or
GTM
TRM 1
X401
TRM 2
X411
19.2
Hardware modules
19.2.1
Overview
Table 683:
Basic modules
Module
Description
982
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
Module
Description
Table 684:
Module
Description
19.2.2
19.2.2.1
Introduction
The combined backplane module (CBM) carries signals between modules in an IED.
19.2.2.2
Functionality
The Compact PCI makes 3.3V or 5V signaling in the backplane possible. The
CBM backplane and connected modules are 5V PCI-compatible.
Some pins on the Compact PCI connector are connected to the CAN bus, to be able
to communicate with CAN based modules.
983
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
If a modules self test discovers an error it informs other modules using the Internal
Fail signal IRF.
19.2.2.3
Design
There are two basic versions of the CBM:
Each PCI connector consists of 2 compact PCI receptacles. The euro connectors
are connected to the CAN bus and used for I/O modules and power supply.
2
en05000516.vsd
IEC05000516 V1 EN
Figure 510:
Pos Description
1
CAN slots
CPCI slots
984
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
en05000755.vsd
IEC05000755 V1 EN
Figure 511:
Pos Description
1
CAN slots
CPCI slots
en05000756.vsd
IEC05000756 V1 EN
Figure 512:
Pos Description
1
CBM
985
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
19.2.3
19.2.3.1
Introduction
The Universal Backplane Module (UBM) is part of the IED backplane and is
mounted above the CBM. It connects the Transformer input module (TRM) to the
Analog digital conversion module (ADM) and the Numerical module (NUM).
19.2.3.2
Functionality
The Universal Backplane Module connects the CT and VT analog signals from the
transformer input module to the analog digital converter module. The Numerical
processing module (NUM) is also connected to the UBM. The ethernet contact on
the front panel as well as the internal ethernet contacts are connected to the UBM
which provides the signal path to the NUM board.
19.2.3.3
Design
It connects the Transformer input module (TRM) to the Analog digital conversion
module (ADM) and the Numerical module (NUM).
The UBM exists in 2 versions.
for IEDs with two TRM and two ADM. It has four 48 pin euro connectors and
one 96 pin euro connector, see figure 514
for IEDs with one TRM and one ADM. It has two 48 pin euro connectors and
one 96 pin euro connector, see figure 515.
The 96 pin euro connector is used to connect the NUM board to the backplane. The
48 pin connectors are used to connect the TRM and ADM.
986
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
TRM
ADM
NUM
AD Data
X1
X2
X3
X4
RS485
X10
X10
Ethernet
Front
LHMI connection
port
Ethernet
X5
en05000489.vsd
IEC05000489 V1 EN
Figure 513:
en05000757.vsd
IEC05000757 V1 EN
Figure 514:
en05000758.vsd
IEC05000758 V1 EN
Figure 515:
987
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
en05000759.vsd
IEC05000759 V1 EN
Figure 516:
Pos Description
1
UBM
19.2.4
19.2.4.1
Introduction
The Numeric processing module (NUM), is a CPU-module that handles all
protection functions and logic.
For communication with high speed modules, e.g. analog input modules and high
speed serial interfaces, the NUM is equipped with a Compact PCI bus. The NUM
is the compact PCI system card i.e. it controls bus mastering, clock distribution and
receives interrupts.
19.2.4.2
Functionality
The NUM, Numeric processing module is a high performance, standard off-theshelf compact-PCI CPU module. It is 6U high and occupies one slot. Contact with
the backplane is via two compact PCI connectors and an euro connector.
988
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
The NUM has one PMC slot (32-bit IEEE P1386.1 compliant) and two PC-MIP
slots onto which mezzanine cards such as SLM or LDCM can be mounted.
To reduce bus loading of the compact PCI bus in the backplane the NUM has one
internal PCI bus for internal resources and the PMC/PC-MIP slots and external PCI
accesses through the backplane are buffered in a PCI/PCI bridge.
The application code and configuration data are stored in flash memory using a
flash file system.
The NUM is equipped with a real time clock. It uses a capacitor for power backup
of the real time clock.
No forced cooling is used on this standard module because of the low power
dissipation.
19.2.4.3
Block diagram
Compact
Flash
Logic
PMC
connector
Memory
Ethernet
UBM
connector
PC-MIP
PCI-PCIbridge
Backplane
connector
North
bridge
CPU
en04000473.vsd
IEC04000473 V1 EN
Figure 517:
Section 19
IED hardware
19.2.5
19.2.5.1
Introduction
The power supply module is used to provide the correct internal voltages and full
isolation between the terminal and the battery system. An internal fail alarm output
is available.
19.2.5.2
Design
There are two types of the power supply module. They are designed for different
DC input voltage ranges see table 685. The power supply module contains a builtin, self-regulated DC/DC converter that provides full isolation between the
terminal and the external battery system.
Power
supply
Filter
Backplane connector
Input connector
Block diagram
Supervision
99000516.vsd
IEC99000516 V1 EN
Figure 518:
19.2.5.3
Technical data
Table 685:
Quantity
Rated value
Nominal range
EL = (24 - 60) V
EL = (90 - 250) V
EL 20%
EL 20%
Power consumption
50 W typically
990
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
19.2.6
19.2.7
19.2.7.1
Introduction
The transformer input module is used to galvanically separate and transform the
secondary currents and voltages generated by the measuring transformers. The
module has twelve inputs in different combinations of currents and voltage inputs.
Alternative connectors of Ring lug or Compression type can be ordered.
19.2.7.2
Design
The transformer module has 12 input transformers. There are several versions of
the module, each with a different combination of voltage and current input
transformers.
Basic versions:
The rated values and channel type, measurement or protection, of the current inputs
are selected at order.
Transformer input module for measuring should not be used with
current transformers intended for protection purposes, due to
limitations in overload characteristics.
The TRM is connected to the ADM and NUM via the UBM.
For configuration of the input and output signals, refer to section "Signal matrix
for analog inputs SMAI".
991
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
19.2.7.3
Technical data
Table 686:
TRM - Energizing quantities, rated values and limits for protection transformer
modules
Quantity
Rated value
Current
Ir = 1 or 5 A
Operative range
(0-100) x Ir
Permissive overload
4 Ir cont.
100 Ir for 1 s *)
Burden
Ac voltage
Ur = 110 V
Operative range
(0340) V
Permissive overload
420 V cont.
450 V 10 s
Burden
Frequency
fr = 50/60 Hz
*)
Nominal range
(0.2-40) Ir
0.5288 V
5%
Table 687:
TRM - Energizing quantities, rated values and limits for measuring transformer
modules
Quantity
Rated value
Current
Ir = 1 or 5 A
Permissive overload
1.1 Ir cont.
1.8 Ir for 30 min at Ir = 1 A
1.6 Ir for 30 min at Ir = 5 A
Burden
Ac voltage
Ur = 110 V
Operative range
(0340) V
Permissive overload
420 V cont.
450 V 10 s
Burden
Frequency
fr = 50/60 Hz
Nominal range
(0-1.8) Irat Ir = 1 A
(0-1.6) Irat Ir = 5 A
0.5288 V
5%
992
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
19.2.8
19.2.8.1
Introduction
The Analog/Digital module has twelve analog inputs, 2 PC-MIP slots and 1 PMC
slot. The PC-MIP slot is used for PC-MIP cards and the PMC slot for PMC cards
according to table 688. The OEM card should always be mounted on the ADM
board. The UBM connects the ADM to the transformer input module (TRM).
Table 688:
PC-MIP cards
LDCM
SLM
LR-LDCM
OEM 1 ch
MR-LDCM
OEM 2 ch
X21-LDCM
IRIG-B
RS485
19.2.8.2
Design
The Analog digital conversion module input signals are voltage and current from
the transformer module. Shunts are used to adapt the current signals to the
electronic voltage level. To gain dynamic range for the current inputs, two shunts
with separate A\D channels are used for each input current. In this way a 20 bit
dynamic range is obtained with a 16 bit A\D converter.
Input signals are sampled with a sampling freqency of 5 kHz at 50 Hz system
frequency and 6 kHz at 60 Hz system frequency.
The A\D converted signals goes through a filter with a cut off frequency of 500 Hz
and are reported to the numerical module (NUM) with 1 kHz at 50 Hz system
frequency and 1,2 kHz at 60 Hz system frequency.
993
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
Channel 1
Channel 2
Channel 3
Channel 4
Channel 5
Channel 6
Channel 7
Channel 8
Channel 9
Channel 10
Channel 11
Channel 12
AD1
AD2
1.2v
AD3
AD4
PMC
level shift
PC-MIP
2.5v
PCI to PCI
PC-MIP
en05000474.vsd
IEC05000474 V1 EN
Figure 519:
994
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
19.2.9
19.2.9.1
Introduction
The binary input module has 16 optically isolated inputs and is available in two
versions, one standard and one with enhanced pulse counting capabilities on the
inputs to be used with the pulse counter function. The binary inputs are freely
programmable and can be used for the input of logical signals to any of the
functions. They can also be included in the disturbance recording and eventrecording functions. This enables extensive monitoring and evaluation of operation
of the IED and for all associated electrical circuits.
19.2.9.2
Design
The Binary input module contains 16 optical isolated binary inputs. The voltage
level of the binary input is selected at order.
For configuration of the input signals, refer to section "Signal matrix for binary
inputs SMBI".
A signal discriminator detects and blocks oscillating signals. When blocked, a
hysteresis function may be set to release the input at a chosen frequency, making it
possible to use the input for pulse counting. The blocking frequency may also be set.
Figure 520 shows the operating characteristics of the binary inputs of the four
voltage levels.
The standard version of binary inputs gives an improved capability to withstand
disturbances and should generally be used when pulse counting is not required.
995
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
[V]
300
176
144
88
72
38
32
19
18
24/30V
48/60V
110/125V
220/250V
xx06000391.vsd
IEC06000391 V1 EN
Figure 520:
IEC99000517-ABC V1 EN
This binary input module communicates with the Numerical module (NUM) via
the CAN-bus on the backplane.
The design of all binary inputs enables the burn off of the oxide of the relay contact
connected to the input, despite the low, steady-state power consumption, which is
shown in figure 521 and 522.
996
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
[mA]
30 / 50
1
35
70
[ms]
en07000104-2.vsd
IEC07000104 V2 EN
Figure 521:
[mA]
30
1
3.5
7.0
[ms]
en07000105.vsd
IEC07000105 V1 EN
Figure 522:
Approximate binary input inrush current for the BIM version with
enhanced pulse counting capabilities.
997
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
Process connector
Microcontroller
Memory
Backplane connector
CAN
Process connector
99000503.vsd
IEC99000503 V1 EN
Figure 523:
998
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
19.2.9.3
Technical data
Table 689:
Quantity
Rated value
Nominal range
Binary inputs
16
DC voltage, RL
24/30 V
48/60 V
110/125 V
220/250 V
RL 20%
RL 20%
RL 20%
RL 20%
Power consumption
24/30 V
48/60 V
110/125 V
220/250 V
10 pulses/s max
Table 690:
Quantity
Rated value
Nominal range
Binary inputs
16
DC voltage, RL
24/30 V
48/60 V
110/125 V
220/250 V
RL 20%
RL 20%
RL 20%
RL 20%
Power consumption
24/30 V
48/60 V
110/125 V
220/250 V
10 pulses/s max
40 pulses/s max
19.2.10
19.2.10.1
Introduction
The binary output module has 24 independent output relays and is used for trip
output or any signaling purpose.
19.2.10.2
Design
The binary output module (BOM) has 24 software supervised output relays. Each
pair of relays have a common power source input to the contacts, see figure 524.
999
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
This should be considered when connecting the wiring to the connection terminal
on the back of the IED.
The high closing and carrying current capability allows connection directly to
breaker trip and closing coils. If breaking capability is required to manage fail of
the breaker auxiliary contacts normally breaking the trip coil current, a parallel
reinforcement is required.
For configuration of the output signals, refer to section "Signal matrix for binary
outputs SMBO".
Output module
3
xx00000299.vsd
IEC00000299 V1 EN
Figure 524:
1000
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
Relay
Relay
Relay
Process connector
Relay
Relay
Relay
Relay
Relay
Relay
Relay
Relay
Relay
Relay
Relay
Relay
Relay
Microcontroller
Relay
Relay
Relay
Relay
Memory
Relay
Backplane connector
Relay
CAN
Process connector
Relay
Relay
99000505.vsd
IEC99000505 V1 EN
Figure 525:
19.2.10.3
Technical data
Table 691:
BOM - Binary output module contact data (reference standard: IEC 61810-2)
Function or quantity
Binary outputs
24
250 V AC, DC
1000 V rms
8A
10 A
1001
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
Function or quantity
30 A
10 A
250 V/8.0 A
48 V/1 A
110 V/0.4 A
125 V/0.35 A
220 V/0.2 A
250 V/0.15 A
19.2.11
19.2.11.1
Introduction
The static binary output module has six fast static outputs and six change over
output relays for use in applications with high speed requirements.
19.2.11.2
Design
The Static output module (SOM) have 6 normally open (NO) static outputs and 6
electromechanical relay outputs with change over contacts.
The SOM consists mainly of:
An MCU
A CAN-driver
6 static relays outputs
6 electromechanical relay outputs
A DC/DC converter
Connectors interfacing
1002
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
Drive &
Read back
Process connector
Drive &
Read back
Drive &
Read back
Drive &
Read back
Codeflash
Drive &
Read back
MCU
Drive &
Read back
CANdriver
Drive &
Read back
DC/DC
Drive &
Read back
Drive &
Read back
Internal_fail_n
AC_fail_n
RCAN_ID
Sync
Drive &
Read back
Backplane connector
Process connector
Drive &
Read back
Reset
Drive &
Read back
en07000115.vsd
IEC07000115 V1 EN
Figure 526:
1003
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
IEC09000974-1-en.vsd
IEC09000974 V1 EN
Figure 527:
IEC09000975 V1 EN
Figure 528:
19.2.11.3
Technical data
Table 692:
SOM - Static Output Module (reference standard: IEC 61810-2): Static binary outputs
Function of quantity
Rated voltage
48 - 60 VDC
Number of outputs
~300 k
~810 k
No galvanic separation
No galvanic separation
Section 19
IED hardware
Function of quantity
Continuous
5A
5A
1.0s
10A
10A
0.2s
30A
30A
1.0s
10A
10A
48V / 1A
110V / 0.4A
60V / 0,75A
125V / 0.35A
220V / 0.2A
250V / 0.15A
Operating time
Table 693:
<1ms
<1ms
Function of quantity
250V AC/DC
Number of outputs
1000V rms
8A
1.0s
10A
30A
1.0s
10A
48V / 1A
110V / 0.4A
125V / 0,35A
220V / 0,2A
250V / 0.15A
19.2.12
19.2.12.1
Introduction
The binary input/output module is used when only a few input and output channels
are needed. The ten standard output channels are used for trip output or any
signaling purpose. The two high speed signal output channels are used for
applications where short operating time is essential. Eight optically isolated binary
inputs cater for required binary input information.
1005
Section 19
IED hardware
19.2.12.2
Design
The binary input/output module is available in two basic versions, one with
unprotected contacts and one with MOV (Metal Oxide Varistor) protected contacts.
Inputs are designed to allow oxide burn-off from connected contacts, and increase
the disturbance immunity during normal protection operate times. This is achieved
with a high peak inrush current while having a low steady-state current, see figure
521. Inputs are debounced by software.
Well defined input high and input low voltages ensures normal operation at battery
supply earth faults, see figure 520.
The voltage level of the inputs is selected when ordering.
I/O events are time stamped locally on each module for minimum time deviance
and stored by the event recorder if present.
The binary I/O module, IOM, has eight optically isolated inputs and ten output
relays. One of the outputs has a change-over contact. The nine remaining output
contacts are connected in two groups. One group has five contacts with a common
and the other group has four contacts with a common, to be used as single-output
channels, see figure 529.
The binary I/O module also has two high speed output channels where a reed relay
is connected in parallel to the standard output relay.
For configuration of the input and output signals, refer to sections "Signal matrix
for binary inputs SMBI" and "Signal matrix for binary outputs SMBO".
The making capacity of the reed relays are limited.
1006
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
IEC1MRK002801-AA11-UTAN-RAM V1 EN
Figure 529:
The binary input/output module version with MOV protected contacts can for
example be used in applications where breaking high inductive load would cause
excessive wear of the contacts.
The test voltage across open contact is lower for this version of the
binary input/output module.
1007
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
xx04000069.vsd
IEC04000069 V1 EN
Figure 530:
19.2.12.3
Technical data
Table 694:
Quantity
Rated value
Nominal range
Binary inputs
DC voltage, RL
24/30 V
48/60 V
110/125 V
220/250 V
RL 20%
RL 20%
RL 20%
RL 20%
Power consumption
24/30 V
48/60 V
110/125 V
220/250 V
Table 695:
IOM - Binary input/output module contact data (reference standard: IEC 61810-2)
Function or quantity
Binary outputs
10
250 V AC, DC
250 V AC, DC
1000 V rms
800 V DC
8A
10 A
8A
10 A
30 A
10 A
0.4 A
0.4 A
250 V/8.0 A
250 V/8.0 A
48 V/1 A
110 V/0.4 A
125 V/0.35 A
220 V/0.2 A
250 V/0.15 A
48 V/1 A
110 V/0.4 A
125 V/0.35 A
220 V/0.2 A
250 V/0.15 A
10 nF
1008
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
Table 696:
Function or quantity
Binary outputs
IOM: 10
IOM: 2
250 V AC, DC
250 V AC, DC
250 V rms
250 V DC
8A
10 A
8A
10 A
30 A
10 A
0.4 A
0.4 A
250 V/8.0 A
250 V/8.0 A
48 V/1 A
110 V/0.4 A
220 V/0.2 A
250 V/0.15 A
48 V/1 A
110 V/0.4 A
220 V/0.2 A
250 V/0.15 A
10 nF
19.2.13
19.2.13.1
Introduction
The milli-ampere input module is used to interface transducer signals in the 20 to
+20 mA range from for example OLTC position, temperature or pressure
transducers. The module has six independent, galvanically separated channels.
19.2.13.2
Design
The Milliampere Input Module has six independent analog channels with separated
protection, filtering, reference, A/D-conversion and optical isolation for each input
making them galvanically isolated from each other and from the rest of the module.
For configuration of the input signals, refer to section "Signal matrix for mA
inputs SMMI".
The analog inputs measure DC current in the range of +/- 20 mA. The A/D
converter has a digital filter with selectable filter frequency. All inputs are
calibrated separately The filter parameters and the calibration factors are stored in a
non-volatile memory on the module.
The calibration circuitry monitors the module temperature and starts an automatical
calibration procedure if the temperature drift is outside the allowed range. The
module communicates, like the other I/O-modules on the serial CAN-bus.
1009
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
Protection
& filter
Protection
& filter
Volt-ref
DC/DC
Volt-ref
DC/DC
Volt-ref
DC/DC
Volt-ref
DC/DC
Optoisolation
DC/DC
Optoisolation
A/D Converter
Volt-ref
Memory
Optoisolation
A/D Converter
Volt-ref
Protection
& filter
Optoisolation
A/D Converter
A/D Converter
Protection
& filter
Optoisolation
A/D Converter
DC/DC
Microcontroller
Backplane connector
Protection
& filter
Optoisolation
A/D Converter
CAN
Process connector
Protection
& filter
99000504.vsd
IEC99000504 V1 EN
Figure 531:
19.2.13.3
Technical data
Table 697:
Quantity:
Rated value:
Nominal range:
Input resistance
Input range
5, 10, 20mA
0-5, 0-10, 0-20, 4-20mA
Power consumption
each mA-board
each mA input
2W
0.1 W
1010
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
19.2.14
19.2.14.1
Introduction
The serial and LON communication module (SLM) is used for SPA, IEC
60870-5-103, DNP3 and LON communication. The module has two optical
communication ports for plastic/plastic, plastic/glass or glass/glass. One port is
used for serial communication (SPA, IEC 60870-5-103 and DNP3 port or
dedicated IEC 60870-5-103 port depending on ordered SLM module) and one port
is dedicated for LON communication.
19.2.14.2
Design
The SLM is a PMC card and it is factory mounted as a mezzanine card on the
NUM module. Three variants of the SLM is available with different combinations
of optical fiber connectors, see figure 532. The plastic fiber connectors are of snapin type and the glass fiber connectors are of ST type.
IEC05000760 V1 EN
Figure 532:
LON port
1011
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
IEC05000761 V1 EN
Figure 533:
Receiver, LON
Transmitter, LON
Observe that when the SLM connectors are viewed from the rear
side of the IED, contact 4 above is in the uppermost position and
contact 1 in the lowest position.
19.2.14.3
Technical data
Table 698:
Quantity
Range or value
Optical connector
Fibre diameter
1012
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
Table 699:
Quantity
Range or value
Optical connector
Fibre diameter
19.2.15
19.2.15.1
Introduction
The Galvanic RS485 communication module (RS485) is used for DNP3.0
communication. The module has one RS485 communication port. The RS485 is a
balanced serial communication that can be used either in 2-wire or 4-wire
connections. A 2-wire connection uses the same signal for RX and TX and is a
multidrop communication with no dedicated Master or slave. This variant requires
however a control of the output. The 4-wire connection has separated signals for
RX and TX multidrop communication with a dedicated Master and the rest are
slaves. No special control signal is needed in this case.
19.2.15.2
Design
The RS485 is a PMC card and it is factory mounted as a mezzanine card on the
NUM module. The internal structure of the RS485 can be seen in figure 534:
PCI-con
PCIController
Local bus
to
wishbone
Status
Register
ID-chip
Control
Register
UART
RS485
tranceiver
Isolation
Rx
6-pole-connector
PCI-bus
Tx
Isolation
Isolation
Termination
Info
Register
Isolated
DC/DC
Soft
ground
2-pole
connector
PCI-con
Internal
bus
FPGA
32 MHz
IEC06000516 V1 EN
Figure 534:
The arrangement for the pins in the RS485 connector (figure 535) are presented in
table 700:
1013
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
Table 700:
Pin
Name 2-wire
Name 4-wire
Description
RS485+
TX+
RS485
TX
Receive/transmit
Term
T-Term
N.A.
R-Term
N.A.
RX
Receive low
N.A.
RX+
Receive high
Angle
bracket
Screw
terminal
X3
Screw
terminal
X1
1
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
RS485
PWB
Backplane
IEC06000517 V1 EN
Figure 535:
RS485 connector
A second 2-pole screw connector is used for the connection of IO-ground. It can be
used in two combinations like:
Soft grounded: The IO is connected to the GND with an RC net parallel with a
MOV
1014
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
19.2.15.3
Technical data
Table 701:
Quantity
Range or value
Communication speed
240019200 bauds
External connectors
19.2.16
19.2.16.1
Introduction
The optical fast-ethernet module is used to connect an IED to the communication
buses (like the station bus) that use the IEC 61850-8-1 protocol (OEM rear port A,
B). The process bus use the IEC 61850-9-2LE protocol (OEM rear port C, D). The
module has one or two optical ports with ST connectors.
19.2.16.2
Functionality
The Optical Ethernet module (OEM) is used when communication systems
according to IEC6185081 have been implemented.
19.2.16.3
Design
The Optical Ethernet module (OEM) is a PMC card and mounted as a mezzanine
card on the ADM. The OEM is a 100base Fx module and available as a single
channel or double channel unit.
PCI - bus Connector
100Base-FX
Transmitter
EEPROM
Ethernet Controller
ST fiber optic
connectors
100Base-FX
Receiver
PCI - PCI Bridge
100Base-FX
Transmitter
ID chip
Ethernet Controller
EEPROM
IO - bus Connector
100Base-FX
Receiver
ST fiber optic
connectors
en04000472.vsd
IEC04000472 V1 EN
Figure 536:
1015
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
ID chip
LED
Transmitter
IO bus
Receiver
Ethernet cont.
25MHz oscillator
LED
Transmitter
Ethernet cont.
25MHz oscillator
PCI to PCI
bridge
PCI bus
Receiver
en05000472.vsd
IEC05000472 V1 EN
Figure 537:
19.2.16.4
Technical data
Table 702:
Quantity
Rated value
Number of channels
Standard
Type of fiber
Wave length
1300 nm
Optical connector
Type ST
Communication speed
19.2.17
19.2.17.1
Introduction
The line data communication module (LDCM) is used for communication between
the IEDs situated at distances <110 km or from the IED to optical to electrical
converter with G.703 interface located on a distances <3 km away. The LDCM
module sends and rereceives data, to and from another LDCM module. The IEEE/
ANSI standard format is used.
The line data communication module is used for binary signal transfer. The module
has one optical port with ST connectors see figure 538.
Each module has one optical port, one for each remote end to which the IED
communicates.
1016
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
Alternative cards for Long range (1550 nm single mode), Medium range (1310 nm
single mode) and Short range (850 nm multi mode) are available.
Class 1 laser product. Take adequate measures to protect the eyes.
Never look into the laser beam.
19.2.17.2
Design
The LDCM is a PCMIP type II single width format module. The LDCM can be
mounted on:
the ADM
the NUM
ID
16.000
MHz
32,768
MHz
ST
IO-connector
ST
en07000087.vsd
IEC07000087 V1 EN
Figure 538:
The SR-LDCM layout. PCMIP type II single width format with two
PCI connectors and one I/O ST type connector
1017
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
X1
2.5V
ADN
2841
DS
3904
PCI9054
TQ176
FPGA
256 FBGA
MAX
3645
DS
3904
ID
3
2
en06000393.vsd
IEC06000393 V1 EN
Figure 539:
19.2.17.3
Technical data
Table 703:
Characteristic
Type of LDCM
Range or value
Short range (SR)
Type of fibre
Graded-index
multimode
62.5/125 m or
50/125 m
Singlemode 9/125
m
Singlemode 9/125 m
Wave length
850 nm
1310 nm
1550 nm
Optical budget
Graded-index
multimode 62.5/125
mm,
13 dB (typical
distance about 3
km *)
9 dB (typical
distance about 2
km *)
22 dB (typical
distance 80 km *)
Optical connector
Type ST
Type FC/PC
Type FC/PC
Protocol
C37.94
C37.94
implementation **)
Data transmission
Synchronous
Synchronous
Synchronous
Transmission rate /
Data rate
2 Mb/s / 64 kbit/s
2 Mb/s / 64 kbit/s
2 Mb/s / 64 kbit/s
Clock source
Internal or
derived from
received signal
Internal or derived
from received signal
Graded-index
multimode 50/125
mm
1018
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
19.2.18
19.2.18.1
Introduction
The galvanic X.21 line data communication module is used for connection to
telecommunication equipment, for example leased telephone lines. The module
supports 64 kbit/s data communication between IEDs.
Examples of applications:
19.2.18.2
Design
The galvanic X.21 line data communication module uses a ABB specific PC*MIP
Type II format.
en07000196.vsd
IEC07000196 V1 EN
Figure 540:
1019
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
1
1
15
en07000239.wmf
IEC07000239 V1 EN
Figure 541:
1.
2.
3.
4.
I/O
100kW
100nF
Soft ground
en07000242.vsd
IEC07000242 V1 EN
Figure 542:
Grounding
At special problems with ground loops, the soft ground connection for the IOground can be tested.
Three different kinds of grounding principles can be set (used for fault tracing):
1.
2.
3.
1020
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
X.21 connector
Table 704:
19.2.18.3
Pin number
Signal
Shield (ground)
TXD A
Control A
RXD A
Signal timing A
Ground
TXD B
10
Control B
11
RXD B
13
Signal timing B
5,7,12,14,15
Not used
Functionality
The data format is HDLC. The speed for the transmission of the messages used is
64 kbit/s.
A maximum of 100 meter of cable is allowed to ensure the quality of the data
(deviation from X.21 standard cable length).
Synchronization
The X.21 LDCM works like a DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) and is normally
expecting synchronization from the DCE (Data Circuit Equipment). The
transmission is normally synchronized to the Signal Element Timing signal when a
device is a DTE. When the signal is high it will read the data at the receiver and
when the signal is low it will write data to the transmitter. This behaviour can be
inverted in the control register.
Normally an external multiplexer is used and it should act like the master.
When two X.21 LDCM is directly communicating with each other one must be set
as a master generating the synchronization for the other (the slave). The DTE
Signal Element Timing is created from the internal 64 kHz clock.
The Byte Timing signal is not used in ABB devices.
1021
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
19.2.18.4
Technical data
Table 705:
Quantity
Range or value
Connector, X.21
Standard
CCITT X21
Communication speed
64 kbit/s
Insulation
1 kV
100 m
19.2.19
19.2.19.1
Introduction
This module includes a GPS receiver used for time synchronization. The GPS has
one SMA contact for connection to an antenna. It also includes an optical PPS STconnector output.
19.2.19.2
Design
The GTM is a PCMIP-format card and is placed only on one of the ADM slots.
The antenna input connector is shielded and directly attached to a grounded plate to
eliminate the risk of electromagnetic interference.
All communication between the GCM and the NUM is via the PCI-bus. PPS time
data is sent from the GCM to the rest of the time system to provide 1s accuracy at
sampling level. An optical transmitter for PPS output is available for time
synchronization of another relay with an optical PPS input. The PPS output
connector is of ST-type for multimode fibre and could be used up to 1 km.
1022
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
Controller
Selector
PCI
GPS- receiver
UART-core
PCI- core
FPGA
PCI
Antenna
connector
Receiver
memory
Stripline( 50 Ohms)
Wishbone bus
Registers
Optical
PPS
transmitter
TSU
IO
Transmitter
Driver
JTAG
connector
Configmemory
OSC
ID- chip
IEC09000980-1-en.vsd
IEC09000980 V1 EN
Figure 543:
19.2.19.3
Technical data
Table 706:
Function
Range or value
Accuracy
Receiver
1s relative UTC
<30 minutes
<15 minutes
<5 minutes
19.2.20
GPS antenna
19.2.20.1
Introduction
In order to receive GPS signals from the satellites orbiting the earth a GPS antenna
with applicable cable must be used.
19.2.20.2
Design
The antenna with a console for mounting on a horizontal or vertical flat surface or
on an antenna mast. See figure 544
1023
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
2
3
xx04000155.vsd
IEC04000155 V2 EN
Figure 544:
where:
1
GPS antenna
TNC connector
Console, 78x150 mm
Always position the antenna and its console so that a continuous clear line-of-sight
visibility to all directions is obtained, preferably more than 75%. A minimum of
50% clear line-of-sight visibility is required for un-interrupted operation.
1024
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
99001046.vsd
IEC99001046 V1 EN
Figure 545:
Antenna line-of-sight
Antenna cable
Use a 50 ohm coaxial cable with a male TNC connector in the antenna end and a
male SMA connector in the receiver end to connect the antenna to GTM. Choose
cable type and length so that the total attenuation is max. 26 dB at 1.6 GHz.
Make sure that the antenna cable is not charged when connected to
the antenna or to the receiver. Short-circuit the end of the antenna
cable with some metal device, when first connected to the antenna.
When the antenna is connected to the cable, connect the cable to the
receiver. REx670 must be switched off when the antenna cable is
connected.
19.2.20.3
Technical data
Table 707:
Function
Value
26 db @ 1.6 GHz
50 ohm
Lightning protection
1025
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
19.2.21
19.2.21.1
Introduction
The IRIG-B time synchronizing module is used for accurate time synchronizing of
the IED from a station clock.
The Pulse Per Second (PPS) input shall be used for synchronizing when IEC
61850-9-2LE is used.
Electrical (BNC) and optical connection (ST) for 0XX and 12X IRIG-B support.
Optical connection (ST) for 1344 IRIG-B support.
19.2.21.2
Design
The IRIG-B module have two inputs. One input is for the IRIG-B that can handle
both a pulse-width modulated signal (also called unmodulated) and an amplitude
modulated signal (also called sine wave modulated). The other is an optical input
type ST for PPS to synchronize the time between several protections.
STconnector
FPGA
PCI-con
32 MHz
OPTO_INPUT
PCI-bus
Registers
PCI-con
PCI-Controller
IRIGDecoder
ID-chip
Capture1
IRIG_INPUT
ZXING
Amplitude
modulator
Isolated
receiver
IO-con
Capture2
BNCconnector
4 mm barrier
Zero-cross
detector
MPPS
PPS
TSU
CMPPS
Isolated
DC/DC
5 to +- 12V
en06000303.vsd
IEC06000303 V1 EN
Figure 546:
1026
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
A1
C
C
Y2
DC//DC
ST
A1
3
2
en06000304.vsd
IEC06000304 V1 EN
Figure 547:
19.2.21.3
IRIG-B PC-MIP board with top left ST connector for PPS 820 nm
multimode fibre optic signal input and lower left BNC connector for
IRIG-B signal input
Technical data
Table 708:
IRIG-B
Quantity
Rated value
BNC
Type ST
Type of fibre
Pulse-width modulated
5 Vpp
Amplitude modulated
low level
high level
1-3 Vpp
3 x low level, max 9 Vpp
1027
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
19.3
Dimensions
19.3.1
A
D
C
xx08000164.vsd
IEC08000164 V1 EN
Figure 548:
1028
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
K
F
G
H
J
xx08000166.vsd
IEC08000166 V1 EN
Figure 549:
Case size (mm) A
6U, 1/2 x 19
265.9
223.7
201.1
252.9
205.7
190.5
203.7
187.6
6U, 3/4 x 19
265.9
336.0
201.1
252.9
318.0
190.5
316.0
187.6
6U, 1/1 x 19
265.9
448.3
201.1
252.9
430.3
190.5
428.3
465.1
187.6
482.6
1029
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
19.3.2
C
xx08000163.vsd
IEC08000163 V1 EN
Figure 550:
1030
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
K
F
G
H
J
xx08000165.vsd
IEC08000165 V1 EN
Figure 551:
xx05000503.vsd
IEC05000503 V1 EN
Figure 552:
Case size (mm) A
6U, 1/2 x 19
265.9
223.7
242.1
255.8
205.7
190.5
203.7
228.6
6U, 3/4 x 19
265.9
336.0
242.1
255.8
318.0
190.5
316.0
228.6
6U, 1/1 x 19
265.9
448.3
242.1
255.8
430.3
190.5
428.3
465.1
228.6
482.6
1031
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
19.3.3
E
D
xx08000162.vsd
IEC08000162 V1 EN
Figure 553:
Case size
Tolerance
Flush mounting
Cut-out dimensions (mm)
A
+/-1
B
+/-1
210.1
254.3
4.0-10.0
12.5
322.4
254.3
4.0-10.0
12.5
434.7
254.3
4.0-10.0
12.5
E = 188.6 mm without rear protection cover, 229.6 mm with rear protection cover
1032
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
19.3.4
xx06000182.vsd
IEC06000182 V1 EN
Figure 554:
C
xx05000505.vsd
IEC05000505 V1 EN
Figure 555:
B
1
C
1
D
1
E
1
F
1
G
1
6U, 1/2 x 19
214.0
259.3
240.4
190.5
34.4
13.2
6.4 diam
6U, 3/4 x 19
326.4
259.3
352.8
190.5
34.4
13.2
6.4 diam
6U, 1/1 x 19
438.7
259.3
465.1
190.5
34.4
13.2
6.4 diam
1033
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
19.3.5
A
B
E
en04000471.vsd
IEC04000471 V1 EN
Figure 556:
Wall mounting
6U, 1/2 x 19
292.0
267.1
272.8
390.0
243.0
6U, 3/4 x 19
404.3
379.4
272.8
390.0
243.0
6U, 1/1 x 19
516.0
491.1
272.8
390.0
243.0
19.3.6
1034
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
[6.97]
[4.02]
[1.48
[18.31]
[0.33]
[0.79]
[7.68]
[18.98]
Dimension
mm [inches]
xx06000232.eps
IEC06000232 V1 EN
[7.50]
[10.47]
[1.50]
Figure 557:
[18.31]
[0.33]
[0.79]
[7.68]
[18.98]
[inches]
en06000234.eps
IEC06000234 V1 EN
Figure 558:
19.4
Mounting alternatives
19.4.1
Flush mounting
19.4.1.1
Overview
The flush mounting kit are utilized for case sizes:
1/2 x 19
3/4 x 19
1/1 x 19
1/4 x 19 (RHGS6 6U)
1035
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
Only a single case can be mounted in each cut-out on the cubicle panel, for class
IP54 protection.
Flush mounting cannot be used for side-by-side mounted IEDs
when IP54 class must be fulfilled. Only IP20 class can be obtained
when mounting two cases side-by-side in one (1) cut-out.
1036
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
19.4.1.2
5
2
6
3
xx08000161.vsd
IEC08000161 V1 EN
Figure 559:
PosNo Description
Quantity Type
Sealing strip, used to obtain IP54 class. The sealing strip is factory
mounted between the case and front plate.
Fastener
Groove
2.9x9.5 mm
Panel
1037
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
19.4.2
19.4.2.1
Overview
All IED sizes can be mounted in a standard 19 cubicle rack by using the for each
size suited mounting kit which consists of two mounting angles and fastening
screws for the angles.
The mounting angles are reversible which enables mounting of IED size 1/2 x 19
or 3/4 x 19 either to the left or right side of the cubicle.
Please note that the separately ordered rack mounting kit for side-byside mounted IEDs, or IEDs together with RHGS cases, is to be
selected so that the total size equals 19.
1038
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
19.4.2.2
1b
xx08000160.vsd
IEC08000160 V1 EN
Figure 560:
Pos
Description
Quantity
Type
1a, 1b
Screw
M4x6
19.4.3
Wall mounting
19.4.3.1
Overview
All case sizes, 1/2 x 19, 3/4 x 19 and 1/1 x 19, can be wall mounted. It is also
possible to mount the IED on a panel or in a cubicle.
1039
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
When mounting the side plates, be sure to use screws that follows
the recommended dimensions. Using screws with other dimensions
than the original may damage the PCBs inside the IED.
If fiber cables are bent too much, the signal can be weakened. Wall
mounting is therefore not recommended for communication
modules with fiber connection; Serial SPA/IEC 60870-5-103,
DNP3 and LON communication module (SLM), Optical Ethernet
module (OEM) and Line data communication module (LDCM).
19.4.3.2
2
1
5
6
xx04000453.vs d
DOCUMENT127716-IMG2265 V1 EN
Figure 561:
PosNo
Description
Quantity
Type
Bushing
Screw
M4x10
Screw
M6x12 or
corresponding
1040
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
19.4.3.3
Mounting bar
Screw
M5x8
Side plate
80 mm
en06000135.vsd
IEC06000135 V1 EN
Figure 562:
PosNo
Description
Type
Screw
M4x10
Screw
M5x8
19.4.4
19.4.4.1
Overview
IED case sizes, 1/2 x 19 or 3/4 x 19 and RHGS cases, can be mounted side-byside up to a maximum size of 19. For side-by-side rack mounting, the side-by-side
mounting kit together with the 19 rack panel mounting kit must be used. The
mounting kit has to be ordered separately.
1041
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
When mounting the plates and the angles on the IED, be sure to use
screws that follows the recommended dimensions. Using screws
with other dimensions than the original may damage the PCBs
inside the IED.
19.4.4.2
xx04000456.vsd
IEC04000456 V1 EN
Figure 563:
19.4.4.3
PosNo
Description
Quantity
Type
Mounting plate
2, 3
Screw
16
M4x6
Mounting angle
1042
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
xx06000180.vsd
IEC06000180 V1 EN
Figure 564:
IED in the 670 series (1/2 x 19) mounted with a RHGS6 case
containing a test switch module equipped with only a test switch
and a RX2 terminal base
19.4.5
19.4.5.1
Overview
It is not recommended to flush mount side by side mounted cases if IP54 is
required. If your application demands side-by-side flush mounting, the side-by-side
mounting details kit and the 19 panel rack mounting kit must be used. The
mounting kit has to be ordered separately. The maximum size of the panel cut out
is 19.
With side-by-side flush mounting installation, only IP class 20 is
obtained. To reach IP class 54, it is recommended to mount the
IEDs separately. For cut out dimensions of separately mounted
IEDs, see section "Flush mounting".
When mounting the plates and the angles on the IED, be sure to use
screws that follows the recommended dimensions. Using screws
with other dimensions than the original may damage the PCBs
inside the IED.
1043
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
19.4.5.2
3
4
xx06000181.vsd
IEC06000181 V1 EN
Figure 565:
PosNo
Description
Quantity
Type
Mounting plate
2, 3
Screw
16
M4x6
Mounting angle
19.5
Technical data
19.5.1
Enclosure
Table 709:
Material
Case
Steel sheet
Front plate
Surface treatment
Finish
1044
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
Table 710:
Front
IP20
Table 711:
Weight
Case size
19.5.2
Weight
6U, 1/2 x 19
10 kg
6U, 3/4 x 19
15 kg
6U, 1/1 x 19
18 kg
Connection system
Table 712:
Connector type
250 V AC, 20 A
4 mm2 (AWG12)
2 x 2.5 mm2 (2 x AWG14)
250 V AC, 20 A
4 mm2 (AWG12)
Table 713:
Connector type
Rated voltage
250 V AC
300 V AC
3 mm2 (AWG14)
19.5.3
Influencing factors
Table 714:
Parameter
Reference value
Nominal range
Influence
Ambient temperature,
operate value
+20 C
-10 C to +55 C
0.02% /C
Relative humidity
Operative range
10%-90%
0%-95%
10%-90%
Storage temperature
-40 C to +70 C
1045
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
Table 715:
Dependence on
Reference value
max. 2%
Full wave rectified
0.01% /%
20% of EL
0.01% /%
24-60 V DC 20%
90-250 V DC 20%
Interruption
interval
050 ms
Table 716:
0 s
Correct
behaviour at
power down
Restart time
<180 s
Dependence on
19.5.4
No restart
Influence
Frequency dependence,
operate value
fr 2.5 Hz for 50 Hz
fr 3.0 Hz for 60 Hz
1.0% / Hz
Frequency dependence
for distance protection
operate value
fr 2.5 Hz for 50 Hz
fr 3.0 Hz for 60 Hz
2.0% / Hz
Harmonic frequency
dependence (20%
content)
1.0%
Harmonic frequency
dependence for distance
protection (10% content)
6.0%
Harmonic frequency
dependence for high
impedance differential
protection (10% content)
5.0%
Electromagnetic compatibility
Test
Reference standards
2.5 kV
IEC 60255-22-1
2.5 kV
2-4 kV
IEEE/ANSI C37.90.1
1046
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
Test
Reference standards
Electrostatic discharge
Direct application
Indirect application
15 kV air discharge
8 kV contact discharge
8 kV contact discharge
Electrostatic discharge
Direct application
Indirect application
15 kV air discharge
8 kV contact discharge
8 kV contact discharge
IEEE/ANSI C37.90.1
4 kV
IEC 60255-22-5
150-300 V, 50 Hz
15 Hz-150 kHz
1000 A/m, 3 s
100 A/m, cont.
100 A/m
Radiated electromagnetic
field disturbance
IEC 60255-22-3
Radiated electromagnetic
field disturbance
35 V/m
26-1000 MHz
IEEE/ANSI C37.90.2
Conducted electromagnetic
field disturbance
10 V, 0.15-80 MHz
IEC 60255-22-6
Radiated emission
30-1000 MHz
IEC 60255-25
Conducted emission
0.15-30 MHz
IEC 60255-25
Table 718:
1.4-2.7 GHz
Insulation
Test
Dielectric test
Insulation resistance
Table 719:
Reference standard
IEC 60255-5
Environmental tests
Test
Reference standard
Cold test
IEC 60068-2-1
Storage test
IEC 60068-2-1
IEC 60068-2-2
IEC 60068-2-78
IEC 60068-2-30
1047
Technical reference manual
Section 19
IED hardware
Table 720:
CE compliance
Test
According to
Immunity
EN 50263
Emissivity
EN 50263
EN 50178
Table 721:
Mechanical tests
Test
Reference standards
Class II
IEC 60255-21-1
Class I
IEC 60255-21-1
Class II
IEC 60255-21-2
Class I
IEC 60255-21-2
Bump test
Class I
IEC 60255-21-2
Seismic test
Class II
IEC 60255-21-3
1048
Technical reference manual
Section 20
Labels
Section 20
Labels
20.1
Labels on IED
Front view of IED
1
2
3
4
5
6
6
7
xx06000574.ep
IEC06000574 V1 EN
1049
Technical reference manual
Section 20
Labels
Manufacturer
Transformer designations
IEC06000577-CUSTOMER-SPECIFIC V1 EN
IEC06000576-POS-NO V1 EN
1050
Technical reference manual
Section 20
Labels
1
2
3
4
en06000573.ep
IEC06000573 V1 EN
Warning label
Caution label
IEC06000575 V1 EN
Warning label
1051
Technical reference manual
1052
Section 21
Connection diagrams
Section 21
Connection diagrams
This chapter includes diagrams of the IED with all slot, terminal block and optical
connector designations. It is a necessary guide when making electrical and optical
connections to the IED.
1053
Technical reference manual
Section 21
Connection diagrams
1MRK002801-AC 1 V1 EN
1054
Technical reference manual
Section 21
Connection diagrams
1055
Technical reference manual
Section 21
Connection diagrams
1056
Technical reference manual
Section 21
Connection diagrams
1057
Technical reference manual
Section 21
Connection diagrams
1058
Technical reference manual
Section 21
Connection diagrams
1059
Technical reference manual
Section 21
Connection diagrams
1060
Technical reference manual
Section 21
Connection diagrams
1061
Technical reference manual
Section 21
Connection diagrams
1062
Technical reference manual
Section 21
Connection diagrams
1063
Technical reference manual
Section 21
Connection diagrams
1064
Technical reference manual
Section 21
Connection diagrams
1065
Technical reference manual
Section 21
Connection diagrams
1066
Technical reference manual
Section 21
Connection diagrams
1067
Technical reference manual
Section 21
Connection diagrams
1068
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
Section 22
22.1
Application
In order to assure time selectivity between different overcurrent protections at
different points in the network different time delays for the different protections are
normally used. The simplest way to do this is to use definite time-lag. In more
sophisticated applications current dependent time characteristics are used. Both
alternatives are shown in a simple application with three overcurrent protections
operating in series.
I>
I>
I>
xx05000129.vsd
IEC05000129 V1 EN
Figure 566:
Time
Stage 2
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 1
Stage 1
Fault point
position
en05000130.vsd
IEC05000130 V1 EN
Figure 567:
1069
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
Time
Fault point
position
en05000131.vsd
IEC05000131 V1 EN
Figure 568:
The inverse time characteristic makes it possible to minimize the fault clearance
time and still assure the selectivity between protections.
To assure selectivity between protections there must be a time margin between the
operation time of the protections. This required time margin is dependent of
following factors, in a simple case with two protections in series:
1070
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
A1
B1
I>
I>
Feeder
Time axis
t=0
t=t1
t=t2
t=t3
en05000132.vsd
IEC05000132 V1 EN
Figure 569:
where:
t=0
t=t1
is Protection B1 trips
t=t2
is Breaker at B1 opens
t=t3
is Protection A1 resets
1071
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
If there is a risk of intermittent faults. If the current IED, close to the faults,
starts and resets there is a risk of unselective trip from other protections in the
system.
Delayed resetting could give accelerated fault clearance in case of automatic
reclosing to a permanent fault.
Overcurrent protection functions are sometimes used as release criterion for
other protection functions. It can often be valuable to have a reset delay to
assure the release function.
22.2
Principle of operation
22.2.1
Mode of operation
The function can operate in a definite time-lag mode or in a current definite inverse
time mode. For the inverse time characteristic both ANSI and IEC based standard
curves are available. Also programmable curve types are supported via the
component inputs: p, A, B, C pr, tr, and cr.
Different characteristics for reset delay can also be chosen.
If current in any phase exceeds the set start current value (here internal signal
startValue), a timer, according to the selected operating mode, is started. The
component always uses the maximum of the three phase current values as the
current level used in timing calculations.
In case of definite time-lag mode the timer will run constantly until the time is
reached or until the current drops below the reset value (start value minus the
hysteresis) and the reset time has elapsed.
For definite time delay curve ANSI/IEEE Definite time or IEC Definite time are
chosen.
The general expression for inverse time curves is according to equation 193.
A
k
t[ s ] =
+
B
i p
-C
in >
(Equation 193)
EQUATION1189 V1 EN
where:
p, A, B, C
in>
1072
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
For inverse time characteristics a time will be initiated when the current reaches the
set start level. From the general expression of the characteristic the following can
be seen:
i p
(top - B k )
- C = Ak
in >
(Equation 194)
EQUATION1190 V1 EN
where:
top
The time elapsed to the moment of trip is reached when the integral fulfils
according to equation 195, in addition to the constant time delay:
i p
in > - C dt A k
0
(Equation 195)
EQUATION1191 V1 EN
For the numerical protection the sum below must fulfil the equation for trip.
i( j ) p
- C A k
j =1 in >
Dt
(Equation 196)
EQUATION1192 V1 EN
where:
j=1
i
in >
>1
EQUATION1193 V1 EN
Dt
i (j)
For inverse time operation, the inverse time characteristic is selectable. Both the
IEC and ANSI/IEEE standardized inverse time characteristics are supported.
For the IEC curves there is also a setting of the minimum time-lag of operation, see
figure 570.
1073
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
Operate
time
tMin
IMin
Current
IEC05000133-3-en.vsd
IEC05000133 V2 EN
Figure 570:
In order to fully comply with IEC curves definition setting parameter tMin shall be
set to the value which is equal to the operating time of the selected IEC inverse
time curve for measured current of twenty times the set current start value. Note
that the operating time value is dependent on the selected setting value for time
multiplier k.
In addition to the ANSI and IEC standardized characteristics, there are also two
additional inverse curves available; the RI curve and the RD curve.
The RI inverse time curve emulates the characteristic of the electromechanical
ASEA relay RI. The curve is described by equation 198:
k
t[ s ] =
in >
0.339 - 0.235
i
EQUATION1194 V1 EN
(Equation 198)
where:
in>
1074
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
k in >
t[ s ] = 5.8 - 1.35 ln
EQUATION1195 V1 EN
(Equation 199)
where:
in>
If the curve type programmable is chosen, the user can make a tailor made inverse
time curve according to the general equation 200.
t[ s ] =
+ Bk
i p
-C
in >
EQUATION1196 V1 EN
(Equation 200)
Also the reset time of the delayed function can be controlled. There is the
possibility to choose between three different reset time-lags.
Instantaneous Reset
IEC Reset
ANSI Reset.
If instantaneous reset is chosen the timer will be reset directly when the current
drops below the set start current level minus the hysteresis.
If IEC reset is chosen the timer will be reset after a set constant time when the
current drops below the set start current level minus the hysteresis.
If ANSI reset time is chosen the reset time will be dependent of the current after
fault clearance (when the current drops below the start current level minus the
hysteresis). The timer will reset according to equation 201.
1075
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
tr
k
t [s] =
2
i
-1
in >
(Equation 201)
EQUATION1197 V2 EN
where:
The set value tr is the reset time in case of zero current after fault clearance.
tr
k
t [s] =
pr
i
- cr
in >
EQUATION1198 V2 EN
(Equation 202)
For RI and RD inverse time delay characteristics the possible delay time settings
are instantaneous and IEC constant time reset.
When inverse time overcurrent characteristic is selected, the
operate time of the stage will be the sum of the inverse time delay
and the set definite time delay. Thus, if only the inverse time delay
is required, it is of utmost importance to set the definite time delay
for that stage to zero.
1076
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
22.3
Inverse characteristics
Table 722:
Function
Range or value
Operating characteristic:
Accuracy
k = (0.05-999) in steps of
0.01 unless otherwise stated
ANSI/IEEE C37.112,
class 5 + 40 ms
A=0.0086, B=0.0185,
P=0.02, tr=0.46
A=0.0515, B=0.1140,
P=0.02, tr=4.85
t =
A
P
( I - 1)
+ B k
EQUATION1249-SMALL V1 EN
Reset characteristic:
t =
(I
tr
2
-1
EQUATION1250-SMALL V1 EN
I = Imeasured/Iset
1077
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
Table 723:
Function
Range or value
Operating characteristic:
Accuracy
(0.000-60.000) s
A=0.14, P=0.02
A=13.5, P=1.0
IEC Inverse
A=0.14, P=0.02
A=80.0, P=2.0
A=0.05, P=0.04
A=120, P=1.0
Programmable characteristic
Operate characteristic:
t =
A
P
k
( I - 1)
EQUATION1251-SMALL V1 EN
I = Imeasured/Iset
t =
A
P
(I - C )
+ B k
EQUATION1370-SMALL V1 EN
Reset characteristic:
t =
(I
TR
PR
- CR
EQUATION1253-SMALL V1 EN
I = Imeasured/Iset
Table 724:
Function
Range or value
t =
0.339 -
Accuracy
0.236
I
EQUATION1137-SMALL V1 EN
I = Imeasured/Iset
RD type logarithmic inverse characteristic
t = 5.8 - 1.35 In
I
k
EQUATION1138-SMALL V1 EN
I = Imeasured/Iset
1078
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
Table 725:
Function
Range or value
Type A curve:
t =
k = (0.05-1.10) in
steps of 0.01 unless
otherwise stated
Accuracy
Class 5 +40 ms
U -U >
U>
EQUATION1436-SMALL V1 EN
U> = Uset
U = Umeasured
Type B curve:
t =
k = (0.05-1.10) in
steps of 0.01 unless
otherwise stated
k 480
32 U - U > - 0.5
U >
2.0
- 0.035
EQUATION1437-SMALL V1 EN
Type C curve:
t =
k = (0.05-1.10) in
steps of 0.01 unless
otherwise stated
k 480
32 U - U > - 0.5
U >
3.0
- 0.035
EQUATION1438-SMALL V1 EN
Programmable curve:
t =
kA
B U - U >
U >
EQUATION1439-SMALL V1 EN
-C
+D
k = (0.05-1.10) in
steps of 0.01 unless
otherwise stated
A = (0.005-200.000)
in steps of 0.001
B = (0.50-100.00) in
steps of 0.01
C = (0.0-1.0) in
steps of 0.1
D = (0.000-60.000)
in steps of 0.001
P = (0.000-3.000) in
steps of 0.001
1079
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
Table 726:
Function
Range or value
Type A curve:
t =
k = (0.05-1.10) in
steps of 0.01 unless
otherwise stated
Accuracy
Class 5 +40 ms
U < -U
U<
EQUATION1431-SMALL V1 EN
U< = Uset
U = UVmeasured
Type B curve:
t =
k 480
32 U < -U - 0.5
U <
2.0
+ 0.055
k = (0.05-1.10) in
steps of 0.01 unless
otherwise stated
EQUATION1432-SMALL V1 EN
U< = Uset
U = Umeasured
Programmable curve:
kA
+D
t =
P
U < -U
-C
B
U <
EQUATION1433-SMALL V1 EN
U< = Uset
U = Umeasured
k = (0.05-1.10) in
steps of 0.01 unless
otherwise stated
A = (0.005-200.000)
in steps of 0.001
B = (0.50-100.00) in
steps of 0.01
C = (0.0-1.0) in
steps of 0.1
D = (0.000-60.000)
in steps of 0.001
P = (0.000-3.000) in
steps of 0.001
1080
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
Table 727:
Function
Range or value
Type A curve:
t =
k = (0.05-1.10) in steps of
0.01
Accuracy
Class 5 +40 ms
U -U >
U>
EQUATION1436-SMALL V1 EN
U> = Uset
U = Umeasured
Type B curve:
t =
k = (0.05-1.10) in steps of
0.01
k 480
32 U - U > - 0.5
U >
2.0
- 0.035
EQUATION1437-SMALL V1 EN
Type C curve:
t =
k = (0.05-1.10) in steps of
0.01
k 480
32 U - U > - 0.5
U >
3.0
- 0.035
EQUATION1438-SMALL V1 EN
Programmable curve:
t =
kA
B U - U >
U >
EQUATION1439-SMALL V1 EN
-C
+D
k = (0.05-1.10) in steps of
0.01
A = (0.005-200.000) in
steps of 0.001
B = (0.50-100.00) in
steps of 0.01
C = (0.0-1.0) in steps of
0.1
D = (0.000-60.000) in
steps of 0.001
P = (0.000-3.000) in
steps of 0.001
1081
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
A070750 V2 EN
Figure 571:
1082
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
A070751 V2 EN
Figure 572:
1083
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
A070752 V2 EN
Figure 573:
1084
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
A070753 V2 EN
Figure 574:
1085
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
A070817 V2 EN
Figure 575:
1086
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
A070818 V2 EN
Figure 576:
1087
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
A070819 V2 EN
Figure 577:
1088
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
A070820 V2 EN
Figure 578:
1089
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
A070821 V2 EN
Figure 579:
1090
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
A070822 V2 EN
Figure 580:
1091
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
A070823 V2 EN
Figure 581:
1092
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
A070824 V2 EN
Figure 582:
1093
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
A070825 V2 EN
Figure 583:
1094
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
A070826 V2 EN
Figure 584:
1095
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
A070827 V2 EN
Figure 585:
1096
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
GUID-ACF4044C-052E-4CBD-8247-C6ABE3796FA6 V1 EN
Figure 586:
1097
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
GUID-F5E0E1C2-48C8-4DC7-A84B-174544C09142 V1 EN
Figure 587:
1098
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
GUID-A9898DB7-90A3-47F2-AEF9-45FF148CB679 V1 EN
Figure 588:
1099
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
GUID-35F40C3B-B483-40E6-9767-69C1536E3CBC V1 EN
Figure 589:
1100
Technical reference manual
Section 22
Inverse time characteristics
GUID-B55D0F5F-9265-4D9A-A7C0-E274AA3A6BB1 V1 EN
Figure 590:
1101
Technical reference manual
1102
Section 23
Glossary
Section 23
Glossary
Alternating current
ACT
A/D converter
Analog-to-digital converter
ADBS
ADM
AI
Analog input
ANSI
AR
Autoreclosing
ArgNegRes
Setting parameter/ZD/
ArgDir
Setting parameter/ZD/
ASCT
ASD
AWG
BBP
Busbar protection
BFP
BI
Binary input
BIM
BOM
BOS
BR
BS
British Standards
BSR
BST
C37.94
CAN
CB
Circuit breaker
1103
Section 23
Glossary
CBM
CCITT
CCM
CCVT
Class C
CMPPS
CMT
CO cycle
Close-open cycle
Codirectional
COMTRADE
Contra-directional
CPU
CR
Carrier receive
CRC
CROB
CS
Carrier send
CT
Current transformer
CVT
DAR
Delayed autoreclosing
DARPA
DBDL
DBLL
DC
Direct current
DFC
DFT
DHCP
DIP-switch
DI
Digital input
DLLB
1104
Technical reference manual
Section 23
Glossary
DNP
DR
Disturbance recorder
DRAM
DRH
DSP
DTT
EHV network
EIA
EMC
Electromagnetic compatibility
EMF
EMI
Electromagnetic interference
EnFP
EPA
ESD
Electrostatic discharge
FCB
FOX 20
FOX 512/515
Access multiplexer
FOX 6Plus
G.703
GCM
GDE
GI
GIS
Gas-insulated switchgear
GOOSE
GPS
GTM
HDLC protocol
HFBR connector
type
HMI
Human-machine interface
1105
Section 23
Glossary
HSAR
HV
High-voltage
HVDC
IDBS
IEC
IEC 60044-6
IEC 60870-5-103
IEC 61850
IEEE
IEEE 802.12
IEEE P1386.1
IED
I-GIS
IOM
Instance
IP
IP 20
IP 40
IP 54
IRF
1106
Technical reference manual
Section 23
Glossary
IRIG-B:
ITU
LAN
LIB 520
LCD
LDCM
LDD
LED
Light-emitting diode
LNT
LON
MCB
MCM
MIM
Milli-ampere module
MPM
MVB
NCC
NUM
Numerical module
OCO cycle
Open-close-open cycle
OCP
Overcurrent protection
OEM
OLTC
OV
Over-voltage
Overreach
PCI
PCM
PCM600
PC-MIP
PISA
PMC
Section 23
Glossary
POR
Permissive overreach
POTT
Process bus
PSM
PST
PT ratio
PUTT
RASC
RCA
RFPP
RFPE
RISC
RMS value
RS422
RS485
RTC
Real-time clock
RTU
SA
Substation Automation
SBO
Select-before-operate
SC
SCS
SCADA
SCT
SDU
SLM
SMA connector
SMT
SMS
SNTP
1108
Technical reference manual
Section 23
Glossary
SRY
ST
Starpoint
SVC
TC
Trip coil
TCS
TCP
TCP/IP
TEF
TNC connector
UMT
Underreach
U/I-PISA
UTC
Section 23
Glossary
Undervoltage
WEI
VT
Voltage transformer
X.21
3IO
3UO
1110
Technical reference manual
1111
ABB AB
Substation Automation Products
SE-721 59 Vsters, Sweden
Phone
+46 (0) 21 32 50 00
Fax
+46 (0) 21 14 69 18
www.abb.com/substationautomation
Contact us