1.

(a) 4 g of solid sodium hydroxide NaOH , is dissolved in distilled

water to produce a solution of 1000 cm3. The NaOH solution
produced has the concentration of 4 g dm-3 and molarity of 0.1 mol
dm-3.
(i) State the meaning of concentration.

(ii)

State the meaning of molarity.

(iii)Write one formula that represents between the number of

moles, molarity and volume of a solution.

(iv)Write one formula that relates molarity of a solution with the

concentration of a solution.

(b) Diagram 3 shows the preparation of the standard solution of

NaOH, 0.1 mol dm-3.

(i)State two parameters that should be measured accurately

to prepare the standard solution of NaOH.
1.
2.
(ii)After all the NaOH solution is poured into the volumetric
flask, the beaker and filter funnel must be rinsed several times
using distilled water. All the water from each rinse is
transferred into the volumetric flask. Why must we do this?

(iii)What must be done to ensure that the meniscus level of

the standard solution is exactly brought into line with the
graduation mark on the volumetric flask?

(iv)Why is a volumetric flask more suitable to be used in the

preparation of the standard solution rather than a beaker?

(v)Why is the volumetric flask stoppered after the standard

solution is prepared?

2. Calculate the mass of potassium hydroxide that is required to

produce
(a)0.5 dm3 of 11.6 g dm-3 solution

(b)50 cm3 of 4 mol dm-3 solution

(Relative atomic mass: H, 1; O, 16; k, 56)

3. 1.06 g of sodium carbonate is dissolved in 200 cm3 of distilled water.

What is the concentration of the solution in
(a) g dm-3

(b) mol dm-3

(Relative atomic mass: C, 12; O, 16; Na, 23)

4. The concentration of a sodium hydroxide solution is 5.0 g dm-3.

(a) What is the molarity of the solution?

(b)What is the molarity of the solution produced when 100 cm3 of

distilled water is added to 100 cm3 of this solution?
(Relative atomic mass: H, 1; O, 16; Na, 23)

5. Calculate the concentration of the following solutions in g dm-3 and

mol dm-3.
(a) 400 cm3 of calcium hydroxide solution is prepared by dissolving
0.37 g of calcium hydroxide in distilled water.

(b)88.80 g of magnesium nitrate is dissolved in distilled water to

produce 1.5 dm3 of a solution.
(Relative atomic mass: H = 1; N = 14; O = 16; Mg = 24, Ca = 40)

6. The concentration of lead (II) nitrate solution is 100 g dm-3. What is

the volume of this solution which contains 5.0 of lead (II) nitrate?

7. What is the mass of copper (II) chloride that is needed to produce

250 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 copper (II) chloride solution?
(Relative atomic mass: C1 = 35.5; Cu = 64)

8. Calculate the concentration of the following solution in mol dm-3.

(a) 12.6 g dm-3 nitric acid

(b)66.4 g dm-3 potassium iodide solution

(Relative atomic mass: H = 1, N = 14; O = 16; K = 39; I = 127)
9. Calculate the concentration of the following solution in g dm-3.
(a) 2 M sulphuric acid
(b)0.4 mol dm-3 aluminium nitrate solution
(Relative atomic mass: H = 1; N =14; O = 16; Al = 27; S = 32)
10.
The concentration of an aqueous solution of alkali Y is 14.8 g
-3
dm .Calculation the relative formula mass of alkali Y if the molarity
of the solution is 0.2 mol dm-3.
11.
Calculate the mass of barium hydroxide needed to be
dissolved in water to produce 250 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 barium
hydroxide solution.
(Relative atomic mass: H =1; O = 16; Ba = 137)
12.
19.86 g of lead (II) nitrate is dissolved in water to produce a
solution with a molarity of 0.3 mol dm-3. Calculate the volume of the
solution obtained.
(Relative atomic mass: N = 14; O = 16; Pb = 207)
13.
Calculate the number of moles of hydrogen ions in each of the
following solutions.
(a) 200 cm3 of 1.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid
(b)120 cm3 of 0.8 mol dm-3 nitric acid
14.
80 cm3 of 0.9 mol dm-3 sodium sulphate solution is poured
into an evaporating dish. The solution is then heated gently for
evaporation to occur until a white solid is left in the evaporating
dish. Calculate the mass of this white solid.
(Relative atomic mass: O = 16; Na = 23; S =32)`

15.
Distilled water is added to 120 cm3 of 0.6 mol dm-3 ammonia
solution. Calculate the volume of ammonia solution obtained if the
concentration of the diluted ammonia solution is 0.2 mol dm-3.
16.
120.0 cm3of magnesium nitrate solution is diluted with
distilled water to produce 200 cm3 of 0.4 mol dm-3 magnesium

nitrate solution. Calculate the original concentration of the

magnesium nitrate solution in g dm-3 before it was diluted. (Relative
atomic mass: N = 14; O = 16; Mg = 24)
17.
40 cm3 of 0.30 mol dm-3 barium hydroxide solution is diluted
with distilled water to produce 0.06 mol dm-3 barium hydroxide
solution. What is the volume of distilled water added?
18.
Distilled water is added to 75.0 cm3 of 2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric
acid to produce 250cm3 of solution. What is the concentration of
the hydrochloric acid produced in g dm-3?(Relative atomic mass: H =
1; CI = 35.5)

19.
Calculate the concentration of each of the following solutions
in g dm-3 and mol dm-3.
(a)26.5 g of sodium carbonate is dissolved in water to produce 200
cm3 of solution.

(b)50 cm3 of potassium hydroxide solution contains 4.48 g of

potassium hydroxide. (Relative atomic mass: H = 1, C = 12; O =
16; Na = 23; K = 39)

20.
Determine the mass of barium hydroxide in 600 cm3 barium
hydroxide solution. (Relative atomic mass: H = 1; O = 16; Ba =
137)

21.
A student intends to prepare 0.8 mol dm-3 ethanedionic acid
solution. What is the mass of solid ethanedionic acid, H2C2O4, that
must be dissolved in water to prepare 500 cm3 of the solution?
(Relative atomic mass: H = 1, C = 12; O = 16)

22.
What is the volume of 0.2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid that
contains 0.4 mol of hydrochloric acid?

23.
6.90 g of potassium carbonate is dissolved in water. A
solution with concentration of 0.7 mol dm-3 is obtained. Calculate
the volume of the solution prepared.
(Relative atomic mass:
C = 12; O = 16; K = 39)

24.
1.56 g of potassium is completely burnt in excess air. The
product is then dissolved in water to form 250 cm3 of solution.
(a) Name the solution formed.

(b)Calculate the concentration of the solution in

(i)

mol dm-3

(ii)

g dm-3

(Relative atomic mass: H = 1; O = 16; K = 39)

25.
Table 1 shows the volumes and concentrations of three
different acids.
Acid

Volume (cm3)

Ethanoic acid

70

0.7

Sulphuric acid

50

0.6

Nitric acid

60

0.8

Concentration (mol
dm-3)

Table 1

Which of the acids in Table 1 has the highest concentration of

hydrogen ions?
Explain how you derive your answer.

26.
100 cm3 of 2 mol dm-3 ammonia solution is diluted with
distilled water to produce 0.8 mol dm-3 ammonia solution.
Calculate the volume of distilled water added.

27.
63.9 g of aluminium nitrate is dissolved in distilled water to
produce 500 cm3 of solution.
(a) Calculate the molarity of the solution obtained.
(Relative atomic mass: N =14; O = 16; AI = 27)

(b) What is the volume of this solution needed to be diluted with

water to produce 250cm3 of 0.15 mol dm-3 aluminium nitrate

solution?

28.
0.925 g of calcium hydroxide powder is dissolved in water in a
volumetric flask to prepare 250 cm3 of calcium hydroxide solution.
(a) Calculate the concentration of this solution in mol dm-3.
(Relative atomic mass : H = 1; O = 16; Ca = 40)

(b)20.0 cm3 of this solution is then diluted with distilled water in

another volumetric flask to become 100 cm3 of solution. What is
the concentration of the dilute solution?

Answer:
1.

2,3,4,

5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14

15,16,17,18

19 ----------- 28