( us tom eI

pr efer pa c i t ga re g : l a ' o rdw

t0 c ol l ec t:r s \der e irt h
Iohelp The X Factor,wealso
youcollect of{er
the

rfl
in theU|(andRepublicollreland
seivices
ISSUES SUBSCRIPTIONS
anyissuesol You
canarange lo haveyourrssu€s
,Factor,dontwony sent toycurhome
direnly atno
beordered byphoning extra fordetai
cosll s phone
01424
i56565,l'{onday-f
riday 756565,
llonday
Friday9am5pm
755519]. (redlord
t
5pm [hr 01424 [hx:01424755519].
cardorders
area(cepted.
0r, ordenareaccepted.
tt TheX FactorBack
fianhall P0Boxl,
hvendish.
llastings,
EanSusex
Tl,{35
4TJ.
BIIIDERS
yourcolhction intactandeasy
yourcopies
h referto ry storing of
TheX tactor in these stunning
binden.

YOUR
IIRST
FREE
, BINDER
IsSUE
WITH 2

youaren0tcompletely
lf for anyreason simply
satisfred, writeto
flanhall East!rssex
P0Boxl, Hastings,
Cavendish, I|l354TJ,
within
28 days of purchase,
enrlosing andwewil refund
yourcopy, your
dolet uskrowwhyyor werenotsatisfied
noneyin full.However,
sove canlearn{romyourcomments.

A U S TR A LIA N E W ZEAL AN D
slrss€llP-rors;iliep[,;ne(04 S U B TCR IP TION Tel ephoneS,
9979012?fordetaih.0r write (09r5158686fordetai l s .
to Th€)( fador,c/oWeldon-By- 0r wrirrrc TheX Factor, do
l4ailPtyLtd,P0Box991, Wedon-By-f1a Pq Ltd,P0Box
l'lonaYale, NSW 2| 03. I I 097A, ucand. k
BA€KISSUES: WTite to lhe X B A ClK ss uE W S :ri te
fordetai h
lartor,Gordon & Gotch Ltd, to TheX f:cior.Gordon & Gotch
P0 8ox290,Burr,vood,Victoria(N Z) ti d.P 0B or584, A uc k l and.
3125. Phase enclose coverprice B ItID E R : whiI appear
DS€!ai
plus95cp&hperiuue. in futures;rei.Aternatively,
BTNDERS: Detaihwillappear in w ri te to G a.mr& Gotc h
futureissues. Alternatively,
write (N Z) trd
to Gordon &Gotch [td. S OU TH A FR IC A
MA LA Y S IA 5ubsc ri pti I:cephore
r:: (01l )
'.BICK lssuEs: Ihes€are 652 87 8forl etai l s .
.aYailabh fromSTP Distributon 0r wrirelc Ir: X Factor, do
{l'l}tdn Bhd,Iimes Subang,Lot flanhall Ca;eri sh.Private Bag
46,lubang Hi-tech lndustrial X l 4,[errur' 0r.0046.
Park, BatuTiga, 40000 Shah BACX ISSUES & BINDERS: ThESC
Alam, lelangor Darul Ehsan, r r n h ; n htr nel rr rho (h^n

l'lalaysia. whera yor bought thismagarine

Ett{DERtr Detaih willappear in S IN GAP OR E
future wnteto BACK
irues.Alternatively, l55UE5: These areavailable
5TPDistributors (14)5dnBhd. from5TPDitributorr Pte[td,
I'I A LTA PurrPanlarg Diitripark,
BACI( ISIUES & BIilDERS: Ihele B l ocl. l0l -0l A
areal'ailable through Your Singapcre 051L
newstgent.0r writetol'liller B tN D E R DSerai
: wl si l lappear
Oistributon ttd,P0Box25,flaka il futurersues.
International Airporr.AirporrWay. Akernarive y,writeto 5IP
.,Tarxitn Rd,luqa. Disrriburon PteLtd.

Martin Annable
lhadof lditorial: Picture
Reseanh:
Development
lenior Ediror: SophieMortimer,
Rebec€a5t. Johnston AngelaParman
[ditor:
Brenda Marshall Production [ontrol:
Joe Dear
&t tditor: TerenceStrongman
€raig Glenday,
tditodal: John Balmond,
llarketing:
lain 3eid, Simon Richmond NigelTruphet
|esig*:SteveHorton, Head of [irculation:
WendyKwok,JayneSwanson ChrisJenner

ACKI{OIVLEDGEMENTS
GrahamBirdsall,FergusFleming,
authors:
Contrbuting
Rob lrving, Simon Richmond.
lrontcover:
Popular Times
Scrence/[A !yndcate.
lnser:
Popperfoto.
Back Pinure
rovrr:Deelohnston/l'lC Library.
HapscrearedusiigI'tounrain (opynghr
Highl'lapse @ 1993
tYisdo*,
lnc.
wouldlike to thankall thosewho helpedin the researth
dlvelop.nertof lhe X Factor.
POBox
Explontion,
#,,0{.lcientifc 5848,Stanford.
&lifornia
94309,
,iiti@ire.cornTelool' 41559ll 858 1.Fu 0014155954466.
Atwater rn heanng
is interested liDEs.
about W'ileto herat P08ox
tharlouesvilh, l, [5A"
YAI?906-169

:l:..
t't -fo :::
,-++,:.
T '=
I 'lo*:r,-ki"
u-
bout 190 km north-west of l-:rs
\-egas, in the Nevacla desert, tl.re
official map stops. There is plentr.
there - roads, creeks, mountains.
- ,.rr':. buildings and a massive 9.5 km
.-"-,- but on paper these things do nor
. I: i. as if all human activity has ceased
.- .in area the size of Switzerland.
, '.,c access to this zone is forbidden.
. dcadlv force authorizecl', warn the
- - . airspace is the most sacred in the
.
-. .. is Nellis Air Force Range and
Trst Site, more commonly knorvn
--
, - - i1 name given for one section of
: old government maps).
A. EN TECHNOTOGY?
: 1!]51 as a secretbase in rvhich
:rc1 -\ir-craft Corporation could
ir,',l)lalres for the Central
: \1eno' (CIA), Area 51 is still
::.t ,rf the US's most futuristic
Reetric-tedArca : .-
+{ I b qbriJ b rfi. thr. n rdfrctt
* ffiasih ot tha tr&on
bItrUr€re&USd
Wlt s ti. h6{*is
corri E *.
rf Dfffitrd
fn p.opstt vt.t E*srH[
tAl*l
tr Us ci de*ry turcqed***
'3
. 13-
proJects. The Stealth bomber was tested
here, along rvith other unconventional
aircraft. It has always been shrouded in
secrecv- the US Air Force (USAF) onh.
acln-rittecl
its existencein 199.1- becauseit
re presentsthe cutti ng edge of U S mi l i tarv
technologl. The onlr tr-otrble,according to
recent controvelsial evidence. is that the
technolopl is not Arner-ican.Nor are the
technicians.Both are from outer space. Trespqssershove,.,,
Ever since,\-ea 51 was established.oeo- been hondcuffud, - '.
p le have rcporrecl ocl d-l ooki ngobj ecrs i rr put in leg-irons qnd,.,.
the sky above it. These claims were rub-
strip-seorched for
bished by the authorities. But denial ignoring rhe Arec 5;i
turned to embarrassment when one of worning signs.-Fines '
their own men allegecl that not only were up ro $6,000 ond
there U FOs above A rea 51, brrr rhe U S A F even o yeor rn ,...i
was actively working with alien technology. prison con be
:
Robert 'Bob' Lazar, a contract scientist enforced.6ome UFO.:
who worked on the base for five months witnesses even clcirR,i
from December 1988, broke the news on f9 hove iecei*d ' . '.'1,
television in May 1989. He revealed that deoth threols. '
 the US government was
investigating nine flying
Saucers and was trying to
adapt alien technology to
its own ends. He was
fi l med in s hado w , u s i n g
the alias 'Dennis', and his
voice was electronicallydis-
torted. Lazar claimed both
he and his wife had received death threats. T
o
,, The secrecy did him little good. After the o

->
interview the death threats increased and
his car was shot at.
, In November, to forestall further inter-
ference, he came into the open. This time
Lazar described the top-secret 'S4' site,
r, next to Papoose Lake within Area 51,
: where the alien craft were stored. He
. revealed how he had been employed in a
team of 22 engineers to figure out how the
crafts' propulsion systemsoperated.

TN S I DE S4 'It has no physical seams, no rrelds or I Areo 513

According to Lazar, 54 was an under- bolts or rivets,' Lazar said. 'Evervthing has Groom Loke
ground complex which occupied a whole a soft, round edge to it... as if it's made or.rt becomes o hive of
mountain range. At first he thought he was of wax and heated for a time and ther-r octivity in rhe deod
working with highly-advanced man-made cooled off.' of night. Sometimes,
technology. But when he entered one of There were portholes, arches and tinv stronge crqft ore
the discs.he became convinced it was from chairs only a foot or so off the gror-rnd.Is seen in the sky
another world becauseits form and dimen- propulsion unit was a baseball-sizedobject, obove the
sions did not appear to be man-made. which radiated an anti-gravity field through top-secrel bqse.
a hollow column that ran verticallv through One such UFO
the centre of the craft. wos photogrophed
The briefing papers Lazar read (inser) by resecrcher
confirmed his suspicions.Thev included an Billy Goodmon on
astonishing mass of UFO information, 28 Februory 1990.
..
j
s among which were pictures of autopsies of
E little grey beings with large hairless heads.
.9
They stated that these aliens rr.erefrom the
=o Zeta Reticuli star system. They also

( In 54, deod
oliens ore ollegedly
stored in conisters
(circled ot ?he bock
of this picture token
from Secrefs of the
Black World, o
o
o
video dorumenfory
N

.F obout Areo 5I ).
o
This groiny film is
:
o
the best evidence
E
lhot oliens ore
I
E
o
being kept on the

: lop-secret bose,
 rnasters desrees from two prestiuious US model fbrm and he has sold the rigl'rts fbr
i universities remains unsubstantiated. He is a movie based on l-ris storl'.
I
! a bankmpt and has been convictecl of On the othcr hand, there is nothing
.. NEVADA
t, involvement in runnitrg a brothel. wrong rvith rraking rnoney, and a dodgY
Sqn F ronc is c o
o Lazar's motirresfor going public are also record does not nccessarih' make him a
qr-restionable.He sayshe did it because he Iiar. In fact, the onh proven liar is the US
thor,rght the secrecy 1'vasan insult to sci- government. Bet\feen 1982 and 1984,
ence and US citizens.Yet his drawings of Lazar says he rvolkecl iit the Los Alarnos
the alien craft have been merchandized in National Laboratorv in \en'\Ierico o1r the
Los Angeles
I 'S t a r \ \ 'a r s ' Stlategic De f'e n ce
Initiative. This l'as firmlv cLeniccl bl
the authorities rr'ho sai(l there \rere
no records of l-rise mplo\ Il)ent.
But l r 'h e n . j o u r . n a l i s t C i e o r g e
Knapp investigated l're irtrncl ihat
Lazar's name appearecl on the inter-
nal phone directorr'at l-oi -\lirnros.
Also, the go\rernmellt hrts never
denied in -\'ea
that Lazar l'orkecl
51, a fact his tax retlun fot' that vear
also confirms.
More eyidence has silce c,trnc to
light. I n 1 9 9 5 , a ( ] e t 'u r .r n fi l n r
c o m p a n y r e l e a s e d a r i d e o . \ , 1i ,i , r ,fth ?
t s l a r k Wo r l d . r v h i c h . r r P l t l i c r l ttt,,t'e
A Al fhe heort of eviderlce to support l,azar's stor-r. It has
Areo 5I's IO,OOO several witnesses whosc le\lilllolli- l r l o \c
sq km is Groom that something is going on in ,\-ea :r 1.
Loke, where it is
believed olien croft VIDEO PROOF?
ore being lested. Norio Hayakawa of Nippor-r T\-. for.erample,
The closesl people waited up all night to catch :t fleeting
cqn get to Groom glimpse of an object rise frorl -\'e :r 51. He
Loke is Highwoy filmed a glowing light oler the urotttrtait-rs
375 - renomed and saw it skate through the ,skr.-\nalr sis of
Extroferrestriol the film by state-of-the-art colrputcls led to
Highwoy in March Hayakawa's conclusion that tl.re otr_jectrr-as,
1996. Detoils of the 'definitely no con\rentional air-crait'.
eo
oreo's loyoul hove Many other films shoriecl r-r.rLrchthe
T
been pieced same thing - a bright objeci rr irich hopped
E together by through the skv at incr-eclible speeds and
i:
reseorchers who performed impos-sible nrartoeLtt'res. An
wont lhe USAF fo NBC TV cre\\' \ras actlrallr urpproached by
.q
come cleon oboul one of these objects. Tl'rel came back with
_s
o octivities there. radiation burns. Soneone went further
o

',.=;,-.,.,::
 t,:i_#ilil
_,.*€

DCATH l'ot.rr\ffim',f* *w;--

Ei
h r98= Desert&*ttle Gu,,-
"u1E9g i ,,

iffi,ffi."*, ,R;d
urrkiig,
qrd fesrn
one o#
rq/sfel
Tlre
,T,::ili:';;:l,1',i:ff
f .*-_f
domoges
tlre csse hos fofi
ttre existence of
refused fo lqkg,,
n{uries ond
:r"'1.,.,
1:.1:*.ffi "-""t
'
,,-
tl::

still, allegedlv irtsicle Sl, :rnd fihnecl a times the speeclof sound. Goodall questions .
roomful of cauistersitr lr'hich deacl aliens whether srich speecls are possible with ,,
w e re b e i n g s l o l e d . human rechnol ogv.
Sadlv,thottsl-r,catching a UFO on film is An ex-Lockheed worker, interviewed. by
l
not conclusive proof. Secretsot'' the Black Goodall, said, 'We have things flying in the . ,
World also sholr,s videos of two allesed Nevada
desert,r''.t*oria^";'{; tii;;i i
v This series of UFOs - one lookecl like a jet at low alti- Lucas fdirector of the movie Star Warsf ,,
photogrophs of rhe tu d .e ,th e o th e rw a s a b a d I1.m9ntageddrooI' ,A ncl r,r,herrGoodal l askedB enR i ch,
Groom Loke bose sequence of a flying dustbin. former President of Lockheed 44uutr."6 :': -1."1,11
v.rithin Areo 5l Still, 'something' is certainly happening Development, if UFOs existed he was told, ,:
wqs token from deep in the Nevada desert. 'There are at 'Yes.I am a firm believer in UFos.'
o v on t o g e p o i n t o n l e a s t e i g h t Bl a c k P ro g r ams l l vi ng orrl of
Freedom Ridge - Area 51,' saysaviation writer.firn Gooclalt
off-limits to the Black Programs are ultra-secret go\-eln- \Ianv clismiss such statements aSt-:
publi c s i n c e A p r i l ment projects, such as the Stealth bornber', go\.ernrreltt-orchestratecl disinformation
'I 995. The USAF
allegedly eating up $35 billion of public clesisnedto cover-upnhat reallv is going on:.
wonls lo ensure cash a year. They include ttttmantted Lazar said workers at 54 wore badgeJ,:,
+ic|l no more probes whose speed and rnanoeuvrability printedwith the cocleNtrU. Did this referto'
p$<tures ore token could easily fool people into mistaking Majestic-12, the alleged top-secret flying
o{ th.e top-secrel them for flying saucers. saucer research group set up by
rqse ond its Goodall thinks there is more to it than the US president in 1947?
rrom m o f h 9.5 km that. The craft he is talking about are silent
r-nwcry. Experls and incredibh'fast. such as the one which
q,uesl"ion whot kind flew out of Area 5 1 an d was later tracked by In the next lssze,UFO FILE inaestigatesthe
e,f <rqft needs sUch the Federal Aviation Administration Center Maiestic-12documents. Are thel fakesor
c ,o,ntglonding slrip. going in excessof 16,000km/h - around 13 euidence that prouesalienshaueland,ecl?
' "::'-
 VISIOI\S oFTFIE

'.,....]TYIITUONS
OF PEOPTEON THE BRINK OF
REPORTIEAVING THEIR BODIESAND
.'.,,:DEATH
:.,,]'rvlslTlNc
orHERwoR[Ds. ls rHlS PROOFOF
"'
:l;:,,,;,11.,,,',,"

IIF E A F T E RD E A T H ,O R J U S TT HE F INAT
xlgoucHTs oF A DYINoeRalN?

hen the KGB assassinated his heightened perception, he saw

Grigorievich Rodonaia,
a Georgian dissident, they
Q did it properly. First they ran
him down in a car then drove over
him a second time to finish the iob.
His corpse was taken to a morgue
,:ma quick-frozen until time was
l1,'r:1.,'':l,',,.
.f,ound to do an autopsy. Three days
',111..11',1'.:.i1;
Ia ter ,as t he pat ho l o g i s ts l a rte d
. cuting i,-,toihe body. Rodonaia's
eyesopened. The doctor closed
them and carried on cutting. The
e1'esopened again. Against all
odds, Rodonaia was alive.
that the infant had a broken hip of
which the doctors were unaware.
T h e fi rst thi ng he di d on regai ni ng
the power of speech - three days
after the attempted autopsy - was
to tell hospital staff about the child.
Ordinarily, Rodonaia could not
have known of the child's
existence, let alone its injury. But
X-rays proved him right. To this
day the only explanation of this
mystery remains Rodonaia's orr'n.
BOD Y OF E V ID E N C E

. Ro do na ia's surviv al was am az ing. Grigorier.ichRodonaia.rtho'clied

'
Bu t ev en m or e ex tra o rd i n a rr rt' a s i n 1 9 7 6 and i s nor' l i ri rtg as a
the tale he told when he recor-ered: \'Iethodist mirristerin Texas.is
.
w hile 'de ad ' he h ad beet t dr ar v n among a grorr'ing uuurber rr'ho
into a world of light in which the clairn to have }-rada near.death
'1b$.of science had no place. He
could travel around the world. see
through walls,reaclpeople's minds
and journey through time.
Doctors would have scoffed had

During his 'travels', he had heard a

new-born baby crf ng in a nearby
. hospital. Scanning the baby wirh
S-=s
*{=
Rodonoiq suffered o
11,,rF.Grigorievich
:t,,fii;**a skull ond snopped spine when

i*i1.,k.,*"t run down by o cor. After three

doys in q morgue fueezer, he recovered
wiih no losting inluries.
 experience (NDE). Reduced to it*...,j
basics,an NDE occurs wh-en:a., . .
",.':,
person dies and has visionsof an
afterlife before being brought back
to life. It has all rhe qualitiJs of a
good lie: it's simple, it's unprovaHe
and everybody wants 16 gslisys 'ii:, 1
But is it a lie? , ,
The sheer weight of evidenee.-..
suggestsnot. A 1992 survey ',,r,..:.: '
revealed that 13 million people in
the U S al one had undergone som e
form of NDE. And studies have
unearl hed mi l l i ons of others in
counl ri esas di starrras the U K and
l ndi a. C hi rra and Zai re. N ota bly.
thev all recollltt ntlrch the same
kind of expelience. irrespectiveof
religion or beliefs.
: .,.,,,
:. . ':illl
IN TO TH E tIGH T i, : , : , : . r

Tl re standardN D E begi nsw i t h t he

dr i ng persorrl eavi ngthei r bo dy
arrd seei ngthe w orl d from a
bird's-eyevier.r'. They then
dark tunnel, at the end of
a bri ght l i ght. H e or she en
l i ght and feel sa sensati onof
peace, often associatedwith t#,:
appearance of a God-lik. nguie..,..,l1,
I
=
3 (Forsome.*p.ri"n..rr, r;ir;;$l
p
o i s repl acedby depi cti onsof hell. i
A fter enteri ng the l i ght..the
.9
cxperi encer i s askedquesti o ns:
 lat have they learned? \A/hat
i:lone wrong? They are
come to the
that, because they still
to accomplish, they
n to their old body.
they obey and return
tthere death holds no fear
ialism is replaced by a
ri ng, s pir it ual at ti tu d e .
T he s im ilar it yof th e e x p e ri e n c e s
€st that something real is
h a p pening.B ur lhe q u e s ri o n
ains: is this a spiritual
tion or merely the result
sical changes?
..t .,::a:a
TIYING BRAIN
Blackmore, a psychologist
!,lUniversity of the West of
,' claims that many NDEs
explained by the effectsof
an insulficienl flow of
&',the brain.
en the brain is failing,'
states,'it will keep
ing models o[ rhe world. but
they wrll come l-rom the memory
and imagination. not from the
senses.And if they are anything like
and recollections they could
be-seen in a bird's-eye view.'
more's theories, however,
I hotly debated. Professor
tana, from the
) Mony NDEscre
reporled ofter
life-threotening
surgery. Dr Peler
Fenwick (inset), o
London neurologist, is
currently reseorching
such cloims. He hos
been plocing obiects
on high shelves
within opercting
lheolres ond osking potientswho j
come ouf of surgery reporting on NDE
to describewhot they sow. His only o
commenlso fan,'ll's loo soon lo scy.,
University of Minho, Portugal,
points out that, 'in many NDEs,
individuals report events which
were new to them (notably
medical techniques) thar could
hardly have been constructed
from memory or imagination.'
Also, experiments carried out
on volunteers support Fontana's
argument. \A/hen placed in a
ta
ll rt-
chamber with a reduced oxygen
Cloims of poronormol
supply, the physical and mental
vision during NDEsmoy
abilities of the volunteers became
impaired - including the memory.
come from o mixfure of
And while some reported invention, exoggerotion
hallucinations, none had the
qnd guesswork - people
clarity of NDEs. desperofely wonf proof
'Anoxia is clearly not rhe only of on ofterlife
\\iav to indr,rcean NDE,' Blackmore D r S u s o nB l o c k m o r eP
, c r c c - . . : -:;: st
trEr
o
E
,,
-o- claims. 'The ansrier r:r"r -:t in the
E
r e l e a s e o f e n d o r p h i n s . 'T h c : r are
o morphineJike substl:rc e s
s produced br.the brain al :inres of
s t r e s s- t h e s a m e c h e r t : c . - s r n h i ch
_.9
cause the 'rLtnner': hi:it ::td
: prevent us feeling imrrleiiale pain
when u'e break bl,tre> ir: :icciiertrc.
:
o
Therefore. the argunreli i,,rei.
: when vou are abc,ut to die. rire
endorphins are nature s oillc'rr for
t h e 'l o n g s l e e p '.
vr sr oNS 0F HEr r
The endorphin argur.nenrhas its
rreak poi rrts.If the hrai rr i . rr iir r g
to cr,tshionus frorn pain it \\ould
do so irith pleasantimaqes.Bur not
 - \DEs are pleasant: manv
..,,h'ehideous visions.
{lrst as with near-deathheavens.
r,1r-cleathhells are remarkablv
:ritorm. Dr Maurice Malvlings,a
.,rcliologist,noted that a number
- ]ris heart patients reported sr,rch
. .eclfr-rlplaces after their NDEs.
I fbund myself lookine down on
r operating table,' recalled one
- r:is patients. 'Then I wasjerked
: . ibll siclewaysinto a clark place
, rf grittl', hot air. I lvas terrified.
.,d a senseof things watching
: - clernonsor monsters maybe.
.'.,rl ed v ellins t o b e l e t o u t. T h e n
. back in my bodv. I'rn terrified
lq' no\{. I even sleep with the
- ' n. and I ' m ov e r 5 0 .'
.H E
RUNNE R' S H IG H
:i(rrphin argument looks
r:i11rr'henvou consider
.ler's high'. As Prof'essor
1 :1,)iritsout, \rerv f'ew
' . . ir oer per i e n c eth i s
r hiqh. in sports ranging
'.
-' in:Ltchesto marathons,
.::: \DL,s in the course
bcen knorvn fcrr
'icf i as lone s ailor s
o r l n o u ri t ai n cl i mbersto rcport
\D E -l i k e e pi sodes.the everri tness
lcc.r u r ls \l---5--
l pl resl-" tl rat
-*' tl re cl tr)e
their experience \ras more to do
I'itl-r the onset of death, not a
' ru n n e r' s hi sh' .
Take the caseofjacqui Greaves,
a climber who, in 1994,fell in
Scotland'sCairngorms and spent
16 hours in an icy quarry. 'I just
seemed to get a very, very strange
feeling,'Jacqui recalls.'I left my
body and was walking through a
beautiful blue land. It was
wonderful and the colclnessleft
me.' The experience also seen-rccl
to giveJacqui the ener-E'to build
a sno\{ shelter:,u-l-richhelpecl her
survive long enough to be rescued.
NDEs can also be explained as
an hallucination triesered b1'the
brain's [eaction to drllgs, or even
blood poisoning resulting from
kidney failure. Considering the fact
that morphine and other such
hallucinogenic drugs are
administered to alleviate the pain
of dying, it seemsa logical step to
suggestthat this causesthe effects
experienced during an NDE.
In most NDE cases,though,
drugs plav no part. And according
L,f
to Steven Ridenl-rour,a drug user
rrho tried to replicate the effects of
his \DE u-ith er-er,vpossible illegal
snbstance,'none of the drugs
rtorked. They couldn't even come
cl oseto matchi ng my experi ence. '
In al most everv caseof N DE.
the experi er)cers are physi callyand
mentally clifferent afterwards.
D oubtersmay di smi sstheseclaim s,
brrt the evi dencei s hard to i g nor e.
.:)'
MIR A C TE CURE
Li 1982,Mellen-Thomas Benedict, .,
a film cameraman, n'as diagnosad ,,,,..
rri th i ncrrrabl ecancer.H e duly
' di ed' and had an N D E n' hi ch
Iasted for 90 minutes. During this ri
time he experienced the standard . :l
N D E effectsbefore returni ng t o
 li{e.This episode could be
;1;ttil;;1r,.::,.,1
.tl'ii::ll'l.',l,l,"xptained
"' - r ' - " '" - by
-l science except
""' .- r ' for
' "'
-
one detail. \Ahen he came back lo
Ii fe , his ' inc ur able ' c a n c e r h a d
co m plet elvv anis h e d .
-1'

i,!ll'
X'..iul RESEARCH
:l::',::')'::
,:;::,::',:,i

{li, Ae,*cts recoveryhighlightsthe

::'r::frii:,that,for a supposedlymental
iltii:::::rlr-r:--.i.--.il "--rr-".--^/ ^-----

i:ti1'.ptta";menon, NDEs can cause ) This pointing

12",',''physical changes.In two by Durdono Khon
inaep.ndent research studies, the
..,.,..:'1,..1'.l., (inser) is of on NDE

:,,r,,:: conclusions have pointed to a wide she hod ot the oge

,,:;:::.;::'uariety of such after-effects in 80 to of two. Her
"..::,,.".'.:':9A
pet cent of respondents, experience ol such
an increase in allergies, o young oge
lt.::,:tt:l.]nCUai"g
i| ,r]otvered blood pressure, and an refufes cloims thot
a::::::,tt:,:::-a:,.).:....
intolerance of Ioud noises.bright NDEsore foniosies
o
chemicals.
,r,li$hts-and household bosed on posf
o
ii::::rr,|,rtire same research also points to memories or ore o
' '.
):,:rlrllli:.lat2;+.;.- | oo- oi ti-,i *, p
T
electrical sensitivity. ^ " n^ -.r -- t.
Respondents mode up from A
'
ieport lightbulbs blowing (35 per knowledge of the o

;l1y1et$f). computer malfunctions ( 20 stondord NDE.

:
(
r €i.,irlnt), TV di stu rb ances 54 p er
:::::l::,::::,11
ce nt ) and m any ot h e r s y m p l o ms . anomalies. For example, how did experi encersal l hal e si rri i ;. , :
i n cl uding walc hess to p p i n g a n d Grigorievich Rodonaia know about visions,regardlessof their
te l ephonesc ult ing o ff. the baby's hip? And what became religious beliefs. Are these
So what is t he t rrrth ?A l l w e of Mellen-Thomas Benedict's experiences,then, the restrlt , ,;
. kn ow f lor c er t ain is th a t th e a rrs w e r 'terminal' cancer?Not every case the mind letting go of the b,-,chas
ai:llL::l:,.::::.1)::a:l:.:'1"':.
.: ' - :.tr t
w ill b e revea led o n t he dar r r e die. can be explained away neatly. it approachesdeath? If so. coulc
Sci enc ec an only e x p l a i n s o m rrc h : That these experiencesare real thi s hi gher stateof a\\al en( - - r c
drugs and endorphins can
:,,:&O,xia, is unqr-restionable, but rr'hat our psychic abilities?
accou nt fo r ma ny e x per ienc es . but conclr.rsioncan \\'e clral'? Elidence
cannol expla in the ' par anor m al' suggeststhat uear-death NEW V IE W OF LIFE
I n h i s b o o k D e a t h a n d f , '7 1 , 1 ,r i 7 4 '5 5 ,
parapsychologist Dalid H. L'-Lrd
suggests that, 'ESP rrorLlci :rt lnore
a p p a r e n t w h e n t h e i n i l r l r : r c e,r f
the brain diminishes .r:td :lcl
c e a s e sa l t o g e t l r e r '. 'T I r i - - . l .,r
:i:ldr:ili::
:::::,li:
::::j.l:a)l:: happens during an \DL -
',4::,,,4'. consciousness torti:. .r - t . .r i i r t'
.iaaal
the physical bodr ir:c1.,ri.:-.. ihe
brain) is redr,rndar:.
Soperhaps llr. -,,: . - . r c r i sh t
.,1'.. .autl*oiffiii cnd
after all: NDEs nra'. -,'c-, 1.,r:lc
t.at was-who
:.;.:.:..,
,:1;g*9 most disl r e s u l t o f o l r r b r r t i l t c r - - : : : . B .t: tf th e
rj:l:rtl.l:. !i :r---^-
--
L-: d y i n g l t r a i r r , r \ r . r k r : . . " . . : . . . Ll ti t
a b i l i t i e s . t l t e r t i t . : l r . : : - i - . : ': .
experiencer i-ra>a ,{i:lp:.-. :' rl of
the afterlife. btrt of ti.ic:' ':ls'.:;lh
d o r m a n t p s r c h i c s e l l s e ! . l '; ,.j sr r 'o f
t h i r . a l t l t o L r " l r \ D L r i r . . r . ::, 'tl r i r r g
concltrsive abolrt life alie: cicetfr.

;l,";lffi
l?,':',::'il:1,::;'
re
II{WKffiffiKffi
LEADING RESEARCHER
SrANrOx FRTnoMANSAYSwHY
HE BELIEVES GOVERNMENTS
.{RE COVERING UP THE TRUTH
.{BOUT FLYING SAUCERS
onedollorbookboughtin 1959sporkedo
youngAmericonnucleorphysicis/s inlrerest
in
fhe sublectof UFOs.Neorly40 yeorslofier,
''::i::i:E== T.Friedmonhoswritlen Croshat
Stronton
Corona,with DonBerlinel('thedefinitivestudyof the
Rosweff fncidenfl,ond IOP SECRET/MNIC, oboutthe
lilojestic| 2 documents ond USgovernment effortsto
conceolevidenceof olienspocecroft. In over700
lecturesoroundtheworld he cloimsto hovesilenced
oll buto hondfulof hecklers.
Now living in Conodo,ond working on science
reseorchproiectsos diverseos food irrodiotion ond
pollufionconFol,he is on onimoiedspeoker.He hos
Jittletime for non-believersin flying soucers,by which
he meons'intelligentlycontrolledexhotrerrestriol
spocecroff.Evenso, in his 6l yeors, Friedmonhos
rrver saeno flying soucerhimself.
*: :
g e
So how mqny people do you reckon
hqve seen o flying squcer?
I ask this at mr'lecrures.The hands go r-rpreluctantly,
but they knor'r'I'm not going to laugh. Tvpicallv,it's
ten per cent of the audience. Then I ask 'hol' many
of you reported it?' I'm lucky if it's ren per cent of
the ten per cent. Sightings of flying saucersare
common, reports are not.
Whor first sporked your interest in UFOs?
I was ordering books by mail and I needed one more
so I wouldn't have to pay shipping charges. There
was one on UFOs by Air Force Captain Edward
Ruppelt who was director of Project
Blue Book fthe last official US
government i nvesti gati oni nto
UFOsI . I figured he ought to know
what he was talking about. I read the
book, and it was intriguing. I read 15
more books, spent a couple of years
looking into lots of information and
it really got me rolling.
Whqf conclusions hove you
come to?
The evidence is overwhelming that
our planet is being visited by
L ',nsressionalhearings in I968 and at
:i re L- nit ed\ at ions i n 1 9 7 8 .

ls being o scientisto help or o

hindrqnce in UFO reseqrch?
8 ..:- . 1r r air r edas a s c i e n ti s ti s v e ry
'-:.elul. -\ll vour work has to be
lerseen. Your bossand his bosshave
:' , be satisfiedthat you're being
. ,rjectir-e, careful, honest, scientific.
.{so. becausevirtually everything I
ir'orked on as a scientist was classified,
I had a chance to understand how
.ecurity works. I wrote classified
documents. I had a security clearance.
Tl'risrvasgood training for searching
golernment archives later.
that the vounger gelteration, r,vhichrvasnever alive
Your lotest book is qbout rhe Moiestic | 2 nhen there rrasn't a spaceprogramme, would push
(ru-12) documenfs.Whot qre these? for an immediate r.iervof ourselvesas earthlinss since,
Thev could be proof that President Harry Truman set from an alien viewpoint, that's lr'hat we are.
up a supersecret group of extremely important
people from the scientific, military and intelligence Wouldn't rhqt be o benefit?
fields. Their task was to learn about alien spacecraft. But there's no government on earth that wants its
I'r-e been researching for almost 12 years now, and citizens to owe their primary allegiance to the planet.
have trawled through 15 government archives looking Fourth, certain religious fundamentalists loudly
for proof that the documents are real. Over and over maintain we're the only intelligent life in the
a g a in.I f ind lit r le d e ta i l sth a t 6 tr' 'F
g fl universe, that UFOs are the work
rro-oneon the outside kner'r'.I've @ of the devil. These guys have
even collected $1,000 from one political influence and they'd be
DespitetheFreedomo-f
critic for proving him wrong up the creek rvithout a religious
Information Act, papers are
about the typeface on one of the padcl l ei f prored urong. Fif t h.
\IJ-12 documents. It was an
beingwithlteld.triorational
the uncertainn'r'youldresult in
absurd challenge,since I'd spent
persbncan claim tltere'sno
economic discombobulation.
'.ieekssearching through the
goaernTnentcoaer-up
archivesand he hadn't. It also D\ 'ry #e Whot does thot meon?
r.'pifies the intellectual 4f,",# Even i[ there were to be an
rankruptcy of the pseudo-scienceof anti-UFOlogy. announcement, carefully done, not to panic people,
I'r'e vet to see a good anti MJ-12 argument. not saying aliens are here to slaughter us or eat us, I
think that still reasoning people would say,'Hey,
Do you believe in olien obductions? these guys are obviously more advanced than we are,
Dependsl I'm not a believer.I'm a scientistwho they can get here, lve can't get there easily yet, that
,:hecksout the data. Every abduction story must be means soon there'll be new energy sources,ground
::ken on its own merits. I know a lot of the and air transport, computers and communications.'
:tsearchers. I have good faith because of my dealings There goes the stock market, because uncertaingr is
''".::irthem. Yes,some people have been abducted, but the enemy.
r --icannot make a blanket statement.
So is the public reody to heqr the truth
Why do you think informqlion on UFOsis qbout UFOs?
being withheld from the public? Of course we are. There are some people who Would
I .:.ilk governments have five major reasons for object, just as five per cent of the American public
- -i:J this. First they want to figure out how the darn does not believe we've been to the moon. Too bad.
,,,::-: .aucersu-ork becausethey make wonderful Yes,it has to be presented honestly, openly. I certainly
', .:l:',
'ni clelir-ervand defence systems.Secondly,what don't think we should put technical data about flying
-: -"--t r:remr' figures out how they work before you saucersout on the table, but our planet is being
- : Third. if the information was released.I think visited by intelligent aliens. It's time we grew
"O F F
 f'*-$fl$rb ff,d Ecs
r *H r .f i,j- rr
qJ.g'-L-

t,;.,

o'
:+;:+
,t'
.*

i:

A Antorctico, only t was a beiurtifui liurd, inh:rbitecl bv decades and took them from their" l'rottteriu
discovered in I820, a s e a fa ri r-rg c i vi l i zati on, l r' i th Nanaimo, \tancouver Island. ott the rr'est
is rhe world's fifth advanced engineerinu. motttllltett- coast of Canada, to the reacliriq t,rotll of
lorgest conlinenf, tal architecture and a glitterir-ru
]:rr:]r:rt:t,jr::i the British Museum, in Lonclort,
ond remoins, capital citl'. It was too perfect to lasl. It was here, in the cradle oi si,rttc of tlle
cccording to As th e p e o p l e b e c a mc materi al i sti carrd world's most amazing disctx'elic., ihat the
experis ot the corrupt, the stars shifted around in the Flem-Aths made their orr't'i ltlc.ii.:ltloltgh.
British Antorctic heavens and the sun rose from a different By rvedding modern scicrttific cli.coveries
Expedition, lorgely angle. Earthquakes tore apart the ground to ancient manuscripts. Ittil]l\ .ttlcl inllhs,
unexplored. and volcanic eruptions spewed forth tor- they found evideuce to \rrpl)ot t tlteir rad-
The Flem-Arhs ond rents of lava. All tvas submerged in a ical views. Their c o n c l t L . i o t r i s t h ti t si u ce
o growing number deluge oufwater, wiping the land off the 10,000BC1the rer.nains oi Lhc lcrst civiliza-
of other reseorchers w o rl d ' s d ra p fo r e te rn i t l . tion called Atlantis h:rcl beetr briried
believe thot buried b e n e a t h t h e i c c , '1 . L t l . r t , t i t t .
deep beneoth the rw !.N .rY :Y E AR Q u.!Sr ..,_..
.....,- According to-\tlantis l va s
P1ato.
ice could be Such is the myth of Atlantis forged by the destroved b! a catacli stttic clisaster around
evidence of q Greek philosopher Plato in 4008C. Now, 9600eC - at least 1.()00 r'ears before the
civilizotion so 2,000 years after Plato's storv first tanta- currenth' accepteci stalt of ntodern civiliz-
odvonced thot it lized mankind with visions of paradise lost, ation. The Flem--\tl-rs were not the first
once ruled lhe a Canadiau couple - Rand and Rose Flem- researchers to make the counectiotr rvitl'r
known world. Ath - have assembledevidence that the cir' geologic:rl clisaster stories that are pirrt of
ilization could have existed. Their investi- manv different cultures. Through the leg-
gation into this ancient mystery lasted tll'o ends of native Americatis. the nl'tholrlgl of
 .a,#; ffi

THEFLElvl;4T}I5,'...,,.
While reseorching,.,cll
screen ploy in' 1;'976|
Rond Flem-Ath' ::::t:'::.'
:::,.,',:,
r"o6 q6or;"t ' "
Hopgood's Maps
oi the Ancient Sea Kings.
fhe ideo thot on qncient
"*+S'i civilizotion could hqve
lived in Antqrciicq took
the Orient and the.fudeo-Christian Bible, encouragement. \Arhen Hapgood's book, his breofh owoy ond
runs the thread of a similar tale: a land T'heEarth's Shifting Crust, was published in started the Flem-Aths on
suddenly smothered out of existence by a 1958. Einstein rvrote the foreword. their quest for Atlontis.
catastroohic flood. Scientists today call the phenomenon The couple
'continental drift' and 'plate tectonics'. corresponded with
OLD TH EO RIES DISCARDED Hopgood for five yeors
But the accepted timescalefor srich shift-
before his deoth in 1982
The Flem-Aths discarded debunked theo- ing of land massesis no rnore than 16 kn-r
ond did much reseorch
ries that put Atlantis at the bottom of the evert'million \-ears.Hapgood was suggest- for their book When lhe
Atlantic Ocean or in the llediterranean _ ^^-'somcthi
i rrc rrg '-rrrrrcl
-^_^-__^_" ' " __- r rnol e radi cal . H e Sky Fellduring lhe four
Sea and went in search of other possibili- believecl the earth s crust could shift, as yeors they lived in
ties. Their starting point 'w'asa geolcigical one, sudclenh' anci u,'ith devastating London. A moior step
"'iifttt,
theory first put forward in 1953 bv eflects - errough to make it seem as if forword wos when
American academic Charles Hapgood, and entire continents had disappeared Rond hod his poper
su p por t ed by no les sa n a u th o ri q th a rr c e l - on lhe development of
ebrated physicist Albert Einstein. Fr,!*1.!-r.9*,!!-G-tt
.9.!9-.u
l!.D.._ world ogriculture
published in lhe
Hapgood believed that, over time, the If there was such an advanced civilization
Anth ropologieql Jou r nal
growing weight of the polar ice caps tugs 10,000 years ago, it is possible that it fore-
ol
the earth's crllst over the globe, like an saw the disaster and made evacuation
orange peel slipping round the fruit. He plans. Even if it did not, it is still possible
ca l l e d t his ear t h c r u s l d i s p l a c e m e n t.' l fi n d that some people survived, escaping to
your arguments very impressive and have higher grolrnd, above the tidal waves that
the impression that your hypothesis is cor- engulfed their land. Such high-altitude
rect,' wrote Einstein to Hapgood in havens include Lake Titicaca in the central
 ..:r,:__-
o 1
,
-ti'
,.-, t-.-

,.:....
',Eijj'
s
E A ST
A FR IC A
,EE

AM AZ O N R IVER

l,j

-:,- =^t:- * '

.-.: '

.,,t Y
-,--- '::

.,. QU E E N MA U D l
...'.'.. I.A N D , A N TA R C TIC A
t:''t"'
c 'r,
./
o I
,t
o
=

:*,

l
J
j
J

I
I
I
... t ,a I
I
.: I
-:,.
;T I
-
=--**_ 4
:#p
rffi$,F* ;"
9

-* . ...-:
W
:_,'T&SS
-{
o

.2

'","#i,ff,
. ','"#:i#,i,**
'qN*rl,i[+*

'
:;T:j.r,,;-j---13i* . o

,iil,{tii;,1 =
!

:ifr1"1""
:
 Andes, and the highlands of Thailand and
E thi opi a - al l pl aces w here rhe earliesr
forms of agriculture spontaneously devel-
oped around 96008C .The Fl em-A rhswer e
intrigued that this was around the same
dal e at w hi ch P l ato recorded rhe destr uc-
ti on of A tl anri s.C oul d rhe farmi ng kl r ow-
'n
how have been passedon to other races by
the survi ving A tl anteans?
q,"i.
MYSTERY OF THE MAPS
Assuming somb people had survived, is it
not also possible that rhey would have
brought artefacts from their lost world with
them? Such possible fragments could have
passed through the hands of Piri Reis, a
Turki sh admi ral , i n 1513, as he used
anci ent charts l o draw up hi s ow n map . I t
? was npt until this map turned up on
Hapgoocl's desk in 1956 that irs true signif-
icance becarie clear.
H apgood w ondered how rhe R ei s map
coulcl show the eastern coastline of South
America, when it had not been fully
mapped in 1513.A,nd Antarctica - part of
w hi ch w as al so on rhe map - w as not d is-
coveredunri l 1820.H e senri r ro experrsin

r : : : : : . lt lr e
lf [rhe flefrr-nths]ore
Proved correcf - or even
porfly correct - they will .
hqve chonged our whole
vierr of humon history
ColinWilson,Author

the US Air Force iUSef), who were just as

bew i l dered.C ompari ng the R ei smap w ir h
a 1949 geol ogi cal survey o[ A ntarcrica.
showing the continent as it was before it
was frozen over, the USAF experts found
that the tw o w ere al most i denti cal .
' Thi s i ndi caresrhe coastl i ne had bee n
mapped before it was covered by the ice
cap.' the U S A F reporr concl uded.' The i ce
i n thi s regi on i s now abour a mi l e thi ck.
:1p
We have no idea how the dara on this map
can be reconci l ed w i th the stare of ge o-
graphical knowleclgein 1513.'
Then H apgood unearthed yer anoth er
' i mpossi bl e map' : that ' of Oronteir s
Finaeus, copied in 1531. It showed the
w hol e of A ntarcri ca. w i rh remarkably
 :

accurate details, including the location of

mo unt ains .plains a n d ri v e rs .A l l th e s e fe a -
tu res wer e pr es en t i rr A n ta rc ti c aa c c o rd i n g
to the 1949 survey.and in Plato's descrip-
tion of 2.000 vears earlier.
?
Thes-e maps are genuine. The original
charts on which they were based must have
been drawn up by a people who had
attained a level of technological sophistica-
tion previously thought to have been only
fu l ly ac hiev ed by M a n th i s c e n tu ry . In
orcler for such a civilization to develop it
must have been sited on a continent with a
te mper at e c lim ate th a t c o u l d s u p p o rt a
g rowing populat io n .S h i ft Al ra rc ri c a 3 .2 0 0
km nor r h of t he An ta rc ti c c i rc l e a rtd th e
land could have easily supported a seafar-
ing civilization.

cr ro N
ggJ,",R"T.JAN''s".-o*ll|.r.!
The existence of a technologicallv det-el-
op.d .iuiliration before t0,00Ogc u"ould
help to explain ancient monuments
around the world, the construction- of A The loyout of lhe of rain erosiott. possibh sttstaitted or er
which still defies rational explanation. pyromids oligns wirh 10,000 \'ears ago. Horr' cau this be rr'hett the
Th e s e inc lude c iti e s i n S o u th a n d C e n tra l the slors of Orion's Egvptian cirilization \\'as not thor-tshi tcr
America, built supposedly by the Aztec and belt (mognified have begun iintil after 4000eci
Mayan civilizations. Could their achieve- phoiogroph inset), Further o f t l - r i s E5 p t-
confirmation
ments have been based on ancient knowl- os il oppeored Ad$antis connection lies in the lavo'.it , ': :he
edge passedon from survivors of Atlantis? before IO,45OsC. pyramids. Scientists have discovet'ecl :l.r;rt
The same theory can be applied to Such precision ond the pattern duplicates that of ptrr.l ,ri lhe
Eg.1,pt which, after all. is where Plato'sStory knowledge of Orion star group - ttoi as i1 i5 16,Ce',.blii as
of Atlantis came from. An ancient civiliza- qstronomy is q ctue it was in 10,4509c. The star-. trL-rDc.1r- to
tion may have provided the technology fhqt q technologicolly move from year to vear becaltst :jl. earrh
needed to build the pyramids. Recent odvonced people does not rotate evenlt'. bttt r', ,1:,ic> I,ililth'
archeological evidence inclicates the roomed fhe eorth on itp axis. In fact, the stars lll, .ll : clcle
"r
Sphinx to be far older than originally well before currenl t h a t t a k e s 2 . 6 0 0 y e a r s t o c u r r r '. : . q
rhought. its weather-beatenface the result history ollows. i

s**[JjlgJfsAsrER?
This wobble of the glob. -'^.. -.'.'ts tlle
shifting m a g l r e i - L 'a
of the -t. Eve r r .
500,000 years or so thc e t:--;gtletic
":-it''
field flips, swapping iiie :" ..;. :, , ,; tlrt
magnetic poles. The l.:.: .-",'-:-l-.i:.--:-letred
7 8 0 , 0 0 0 y e a r s a g o . ! ( ) : . - r l l 'r : : : ) l t l i e ',e r i e
are well overdlte for ilte tli\: ' llr.
This flip is likelr t,, bc :'-.idcrl. c.,ssiblv
causing all mantrer of il;.is:et's. ii','trl tnass
e x t i n c t i o u s o f c o r - r f i r r e d n : i f : 'e t i l l i :p e ci e s
t o f r e a k \ r e a t h e r c o t r d i : i , , t t s . T h e r -e i s sp e c-
ulation that it n.rigfri ;rlso re>r.ril in Illajor
s h i f t s o f t h e e a l r h '. t l t t . t - j r r .r ,r . i r r
Hapgood's theorr. -\-e rre itt attr better
position to sLtrvile t}-ran-\tlantis. rr'iped out
br a frighteninglr.inrilar c a t a s tl o - fr z
p h e ? O r r h t i r r r e *i l l t e l l . t*
 r.
t-'
,'
iii: t
t's never pleasant when a
man disintegrates. It's even
lessso if you're with him in a
i'i,='::::j:
cramped, 35-seat aircraft.
The feelings of those who flerv rvith
a man, who we shall call 'Charles
Papin', on that flight from Lake
Victoria to Nairobi inJanuar,v l9g0
haven't been recorded. But the
swift, horrible death of papin has.
It began on lJanuarywhen
Papin, a 56-year-oldFrench
engineer, I'isited Kitum Cave on
\'Iount Elgon in the Kenyan
jtrngle. \44rat happened there will
ner-er be known, but a week lateq
Papin developed a headache.It got
\\'orse.He grew feverish and began
,
=
; l, a
ro vontit. His eyeswent red and his
f;rce tlrrned yellow, dotted with
scar-letspots.The spotserew into
brlrises and his features fell
strangelvimmobile. He became
irritable and confused,as if he had
liad a stroke. Baffled, his doctors
pllt him on a plane to Nairobi.
B rA cK DF.AIH.
.
\Iid-flight, Papin began to vomir
black blood. His nose srarted
bleeding uncontrollably. A virus
within him was trying to reach a
new host: it had almost finished
with the old one. Papin's face
sagged as the tissuejoining his skin
to bone dissolved. His rnovements
-=.-'
..I -
A The Morburg virus os seen under on l.:i:ll
elecfron microscope. Morburg offects the
body rother like rodiotion sickness,
cousing severe hoir loss ond mqssive lli
bleeding of internol orgons.
t l
became robotic as parts of his
brain died. He was unaware of this.
as he was unaware that his kidneys i ,,:' ' ' .
had l ai l ed and rhat hi s Ii ver w as
:
l i quefyi ng l i ke thar of a corpse. :
On l andi ng. P api n w as rushe d li
to hospi ral .There. he col l apsed
into a coma, blood pouring from l',.., ',
 There is a system for grading
viruses. It starts at Level One, with
the common cold. HIV only makes
Level Two. Marburg is at the top at
Level Four. \Alhen it first broke out,
it created a sensation. In 1967, it
devastatedthe workers in a vaccine
factory in Marburg, Germany. The
factory used cells from monkeys
imported from Uganda.
One of the monkeys was
infected. Somehow - the exact
route is not known - the infection
spread to its handlers. Doctors
were horrified at what they saw
The virus seemed to concentrate
in grotesque places - inside the
eyeballsand in the testicles.Of the
31 people who caught the virus,
seven died before the outbreak ran
its course.
victims, the virus was starved to
death. But barely two months later
an even deadlier variant surfaced,
800 km to the west, in the rain,
forest of northern Zaire. -Ihe
epicentre was Yambuku Hospital,
a mission run by Belgian nuns
near the Ebola River. The sickness
,t
l !---G
The problem with these
viruses is thot, in their
eqrliest stqges, fhey con
look like norhing worse
thqn flu. Yet you could
be deqd in o week
Dr GrohomLloyd,Centre
for AppliedMicrobiologyReseorch
,,,

:'=
a D EA DT Y O UT B R E AK
spread rapidly. As in Sudan, the
Yambuku hospital had few
Despite its horrific symptoms, spinges. Five were used each day
-
il
Marburg is not the world's most
rry to i n j e c t hundreds of pati ents.

F
r
lethal virus. Nine years after
Marburg's debut, an even deadlier
% outbreak occurred in Sudan,
central Africa.
InJuly L976, a Sudanese
businessmanfell ill and died, with
MarburgJike symptoms. His
co-workers very soon succumbed
-
to the same illness.
The diseasespread relentlessly.
-= It reached a town rvhere there was
a hospital. This had basic facilities
and limited resources- syringes
were reused as a matter of course.
Before long the hospital looked
more like a morgue.
This new virus had a kill rate of
one in tlvo. Scared for their lives,
the local population scattered into
the bush. Denied a new source of
{ The body of
Dinqroso Belleri, on
Itolion nun, is wheeled
to the locol cemetery in
Zqire in 1995.
Belleri wos one
244 victims struck
. Jo*., by Ebolo in
i:r.rfheoufbreqk during
.llltrv 1995.
Within days, the virus erupted in
55 nearby villages.
The entire zone was contained
by road blocks, and the army was
given orders to shoot anyone
leaving the 'hot zone'. One by one,
Yambuku's radio operators
stopped signalling, and the area
fell silent as the virus continued its
deadly course. It was Sudan all
over again - but worse. This time
only one in ten survived.
N A M IN G TH E V IR U S
Then suddenly, inexplicably, it
stopped. The virus retreated,
ieaving human debris in its wake.
Doctors were stunned. They had
managed to identi$ and name the
virus - Ebola Zaire; its less deadly
cousin was called Ebola Sudan -
but otherwise were in the dark.
It would be two decades before
Ebola's next strike. In March 1995.
Gaspar Menga returned home
from working in the jungle near
Kikwit, Zaire. He felt feverish. Ten
days later he had bled to death
from a mysterious disease.Next his
son died and then his brother and
other members of his family.
Within a few weeks the virus had
gripped Kikwit and the hospital
was overflowing with helpless cate*r
As an in ternational team of ::l,,i::::,:ilirj:,
specialistswere flown in to
local doctors deal with the
epidemic. panic gripped Kikwit.
People screamed in the stre€$
abandoned their stricke n',,1.'
and friends where rhey l-ell.
greeting each other, the teaflilt
specialistsused the'Kikwitr:rf'rtt::r
handshake' ,si mpl y touchi ng
to el bow ,thus mi ni mi zi ng co nt ac
Doctors soon realized that the
religious beliefs of the people',,1
helped spread the virus,
funerals involved touching the
corpses.From then on th€::
,,:,!rs1s ,!v13ppedin plastic and
dumped in hastilydug massgraves.
Dur ing t he t hr e e mo n th s l h a t

n lrom the Cenlers for Disease

,tiol (CDC) in Atlanta, US.
, tris internationally-renowned
f
1,.'....t'.,'
has 7,000 employees
r,,::,:laboratory
11.lnda budget of $2 billion per year. o
€
>- E-
;$:r' .ltrr LA

These viruses con -.3

oftock onyone... they
re m i n d u s o f so me th i n g
we do our best to
f o r g e t : o u r Y u l n e ro b i l i ty
PeterRodetsky Ph.D,
AuthorIhe lnvisiblelnvoders
: N\F
insects and plants. As vet, the
source has not been found.
The CDC's past researchhas
helped identifi' other deadly
viruses, including Crimean-Congo
Haemorrhagic Fever,Junin,
Kyasanur Forest and \Iachupo.
There are 11 more on a growing
A A bleoch-sooked mop wos the only
line of defence ogoinsl lhe renr'orseless
onslought of the Ebolo virus in Kikwir's
hospitol in the Mcy 1995 outbreok.
they infected o\ e: - t'- :.111
GIs.Of those. l l l " ..:
Thi s di starrt.::. . . . .--';*
. ,1-tL\

list, equally exotic sounding and zoomed i nto cl ,,.t : - .' : . . ue

of its Epidemic equally frightening. Some are S i n N ombre rtr' -,:. :
Y.T.?... incredibly rare - there has only hit New Nlerrcc,.r
Intelligence Service are known as
the 'DiseaseCowboys'since they been three recorded casesof w i thi nmi nr-rtes,::l
visit and collate data from viral Sabia, a haemorrhagic fever from detectable s\r]jt'. :l
n"l.p__":taround^the gl"bj.. the Amazon Basin - but this is no first victin-rs\rer c l-.:
,
ln Kikwit. the DiseaseCowboys cause for compiaceucr'.
set up a labor at o ryi n th e j u n g l e i n Hantaviruses, another family of g"JI OF coNTRoL
an effort to locate the source of d e a d l v bugs.rrere fi rst In New \lerit' . I'
the virus. They carefully extracted encountered in the Korean War discovered the s ..:' .,' :',- :r ,L )
blood from animals and collected w h e n , benveen1951 and 1954, - a s p e c i e s 0 l 'l r ': : .- - .' :
w e r e a b l e t o t . '- : . . ..' .:.r n .
B u t e v e r t t h c ( I r 'i ' '.,.
I i m i t s . '\ \ e L r .
conquer irtter:, -.i -. \'- - \-' :.1-,
i
Dr Darid \,,-, . ...
d i r e c t o r . 'T : '. - . . " ..':- cr
we call coll-: . '-
SO \\'e C al l \ ' '- \.. ''

control or.:._. :
infectiot-t r....:
O r - r to i : i : .
bodr'. the
t'iruses al-e
m a u a g e a : ''e
Thev ca:r :t
killed sr,rr:.'' -r
r-rltrirriolet l-::-,1,,
r - n o r e s l o r ,l,- , . . t t - r :
holrr or irr'o. b',

e
slowly, in an hour or two, by
bleach. Left to their own devices,
they can survive at room
temperature for more than five
weeks. In the body, however, they
are unstoppable.
The respect the CDC has for
Level Four viruses is evident in its
main laboratory, which is the most
secure viral containment unit in
the world. It operates under
negative air pressure to prevent
th e e s c apeof air born e
contaminants. Workers wear
massivebody protection - medical
scrub suits then several layers of
rubber gloves and boots, taped at
the joins, on top of which goes a
biological space suit complete n'ith
-o
its own air supplr'.
o^
On entering and leaving, staff
5
passthrough a series of chemical
showers plus a bath of IJV
light. They cannot work
alone. Two-man teams are
a mandatory minimum,
each checking on the
other, ready to tape over
any splits which might
appear in their suits.
Their workin g conditions
are so tight as to be
suffocating. In the
laboratories where the
{ A biologistot fhe
Centersfor Diseose
Conlrol (CDC)renhrively
corries tesl lubes 'hol'
with o level four
virus. The CDCwos
estoblished in
Atlonto portly
becouse Georgio
wos once o hol-bed
of infeclious
diseoses including
polio ond syphilis.
deadliestvirusesare kept, every
crevice - including the gaps,ririiindlr.rlll
Y,ritiut.tpri:tiria::a,r at:trt:i,.urit,u:trtt:
power points - are taped.,Monilois..,:';:1t.t:
trigger alarms if there is the
slightest rise in air pressure. ':,:':'L,1,,:;1;; .,.,,r:,rt,,tr.,ar.r:r,i,..i.:::,:riitt
:ri:::a:,::l
As the CDC is aware, the onlt'i:irl::r.l.l11l..,.i:ll:
weapons against Level Four ti."sei'i.ut,titt:i.i'.;:;l
are containment and isolationi''r.Ilitll:::::t,:::li::it::
the past these conditions were
relatively easy to achieve, trut
now. What was once isolated:'b,
geography has become, thanks;!d;;
air travel and tourism, an itqi!r':,:O
every door of the Global Village.
.:,1;,;,;,.:;.;1:,
;:,,,,,,:;:;,::l;:;,11
ONE FTIGHT AWAY::'': '''::.
HIV is thought to have hitched a
plane ride from Africa, proving
how easily diseasescan spread,r::
worldwide. Papin, the Marbuig
victim of 1980, did not infect ,,,i,,,
passengers on his flight to Ntimi
But if he had been on an ii.,,',,,,,,,;,,,,,1,1,,1;1;
international flight, lt could,.,t;.;tt,lli;
have been catastrophic.j
In the next essua,SCIENCE l.i',l'.ii'llll:i
FRONTIERSLooksat what hap\eni*;.':
whenEbola reachedthe US in 198, ;:::::::::,':::,
and what is being done tofind. cureg'.,..1:',;'
f ortheworld'sdeadliestdiseases;..'.:',:,:.."':':'::.':::.'.
. lti'it,t::t:]l
i::i
lltltlt,:ia,t]:l
 l

lr
'
i

llr-

V Documents hen the former Califbrnia police t, t : . ...:rrc: on desks. It rvas onlv his
T .,] f
releosed under the commissioner Pat Price r'vasgir,en ..1
tllt a - :. . . . r. i or-clsthal seemed out of plirce :
Freedom of series of map co-ordinates ancl askecl '( . : : . , . . F , , l r l b a l l . E i g h t b a l l . S i d e p o cke t.'
I t
Infsrmotion Act ro if they meallt anvthing, he repliecl H, ' -,- r'crclins thc code-trames of files in a
reveol fhe findings of lvith a five-page report. He described the . ,- r: r ll>inet in one of the offices.
-r
the US governmenf's landscape in question and the builclinq. H r ciichr'tknow it, but Price hacl clescliberl
reseorch info Soviet rvhich stood there. He r'r,ent firr-the r. ., :i ,ll-iccr-etNational Securih'.\g'eilcr \-\ \
poropsychology. providing a tour of each builciing. Hc r'cri- a 1 , n i n l u n i c a t i o u s c e t r t r e 2 1 0 k r tt ,,.i i .1 1 1 g
The conclusions led further still, detailing the equipmcnt in e.1rlr \\-ls1'rington.He had never becn tlLcr. ll lll)

to o number of l i r . . , r r t d h a d r t r i t t t 'n h i s r e p , , r r ' , r l .:-cl

lop-secrel CIA proiecls i. . : i c l e o f t h e c o n t i n e n t i n C a l i f , r 'r :.., - -:.t

l
oimed ot hornessing - .,*-** Stanford Research lnstitutc \R l ii. .
''""*.,'.'''
psychicpowersfor '..
dffi) "' questioners lvere shaken. -\ttci -,
usmilirory
ond , N S A . Wh e n t h e v h e a r c l o f h . . r - r
intelligencepurposes.
ffiuru*rr,*ou,
- -";;+:l'{:r'.ti'i-:!.:.
quickly ordered a secru'itl tcr .',
{rffi} ,
,ty
F o r t h e n e x l l \ \ 'o \ c l r . . . '

l,
offT**D*-Yirq:;H
1975, Price stood at the ltc.,r
'
'L*l-'
il
' ifffii..
r n o s t e x t r a o r d i n i r t 'r ' n r i L i l . , : '
moderrr times. Pr,1, , \.
ncEilet
G[f*.$s!i*]=:{i,r-r{;gift{:5
W "r...-",... C o - o r d i n a t e ) r l a s : t s t 'r . . . - ( - :- -
trials desigrre,i :
Perceptiorr,FSP .,- ' ..
:
l l l r i e r t t t r e l l . . L l t r r '. , , :

I
$fffi*#tr-*gt-.$*ffiii*,: tLttl c l L.l tc tl L,l t ti tt .
 own pendulum swingers who .were
producins much better r.rg11s. , Ttie. ;
Germans were dismayed, particularly as,,thdy..,,,
rrere l osi ng many U -B oatsal that l i me.
It was in the Colcl War, howevei;t,@,,,,,,
psychic spFng really took off. Propaganda:i4..::.1.
.9
o those years makes it hard to separatn,1.:fr'..ii,,.,,1
_9
o
fiom fiction, but the Communist Bloc,1y,ry.r::,
undoubtedly ahead of the West. It poriiedr.:,.
.9
thousands - some say millions - of doll"irt',,,,,,
o
i nto mi nd-pow erprogrammes.
-o ....
D E A D TY E X P E R IME N TS
A Potrick H. Price The spending produced some unpleasaq!.:
(centre) celebroles o results, such as the ability to kill frogs by ',,,,,r,:r',,:;1
successfulqftempt ol mentalh, stopping their hearts - thb,, l
remole viewing with specialit-vof a St Petersburg psychic, Nint.1f ;
Dr Hol Puthof (right) Kulagina. The r.rltimategoal, according to nr :'it:tll:
of the Stonford Mi l an R yzl . a C zech bi ochemi st who
ReseorchInsfitute defected to the US in 1967, and who had- ,
ond Dr Christopher visited Soviet psychic laboratories,,wa$1il:i:;1
Green of the ClA.
The results of the
CIA-sponsoredlests
rvere impressive
o
enough for other
€
ogencies to secretly

o
pump funds into the
-n psychicspy
o
I
progromme. they had succeededin breaking a personls,,, .
!
o
spi ne by psychotroni cenerg).

The use of parapsychologyfor espionage

has a respected,if controversial,pedigree. In
the OId Testament,Elishaused his prophetic
abilities to saveIsrael from military def'eat.
Joan of Arc did much the same for France
in its battles againstEngland. During World
\Aiar I, the Czech army successfullyused
dowsersto detect mines (as did the US armv
during the Vietnam war).

TH E NA Z I CO N N EC T IO N
World War II unleashed a torrent of
cl a i r v oy anc e. I n 1 9 4 1 , Sta l i n ' s p s y c h i c
advisor,Wolf Messing,foretold the death of
Hitler and the defeat of Germany (Hitler
promptly put a price on his head). In Berlin,
where Nazi High Command was obsessed
with astrology and the paranormal, a a.a.,:

Pendulum Institute was set up to detect lil

:.|:)at
enemy shipping by pendulum dowsing. :,:':
\{rhen news of this reached London, a
young Naval Intelligence Commander
named Ian Fleming - later to createJames
Bond - leaked a storv that Britain had its
 \ =-:t=

l
..'-:€g*
I
:l:rll:rrrarrl::I i
t.r::':l::rrrl:l:,:i:rl:tr, (ASPR), Swann was involved irt the sttrdr.
:l:r:i,:t::i.r.::.r:.r.:r
of remote viewing - a method of r.ierr'ir.rg
A
W hether locations psychically. Targ and Puthof
or not such stories realized the potential of this abilin' aud set
were true, the US \fas about developing a team of 'super psvchics'
not prepared to clismiss headed by Srvannand the retired Burbank
psvchicpower. in 1971,APollo 11 police commissioner,Pat Price.
asfonaut EclgarMitchell attempted ESP Bv their o\\'n accounts,Targ and Puthofs
=
$ from space- unsuccessfullytrying to make espedments \rere a great success. And it was
g telepathic contact with a ground-based not long before the intelligence community
- of the first
A One I psychic. The following year, the National became interested irr their findings. In
rtrrgefs for Proiecr E Aeronautics and Space Administration October l 9;:. d secret meet ing was
psychics ]* (NASA) were intrigued enough to begin arranged betri eetr P uthof and an
':o crqshed Soviet developing a machine to help astronauts anonvmolls 'scientist. -\ccordittg to Ingo
The CIA communicate telepathically. Swann, the resr-rltria: a 550.000 grant to
to The idea proved unworkable, but the 'find one repeatable phettonrertoll that
the scientists hired for the project, Harold might have intelligetrceapplicatrotts.'
wreckoge qnd obtoin Puthof and Russell Targ of the SRI in
TOP .S E C R E T FU N D IN G
its top secref conlenls California, continued with the line of
before ir wqs found research, and NASA continued to partially This new sponsortvasonlr- ever referred to
by the Soviets. fund it. In those days, 70 per cent of SRI's as the 'East Coast Challenger'. blrt it rr'as
Knowing only thot $90 million budget came through common knowledge that it rr'as tl.re CL\.
rhe bomber hod g o v e rn me n t c o n tra c t s. They gave SRI eight months to cierise a
crqshed in Nodh In 1972,Targ and Puthof, both quantum method of ps,vchic spving. artd Targ ar.rd
Africo, the nemote physicistsspecializing in laser and microwave Puthof began rt'orkirtsort Project Scanate.
technology, were approached by the New ByJul.v1973,aftel ntonths of erperinlenLs
York psychic and modernist painter, Ingo and trials, the SRI team finalil found a
Swann. As part of a research team at the 'repeatable phenomenor-r'that rr'ould satisfi'
American Society of Psychical Research the CL\. Pnthof met \\'ith the 'East Coast

.:,!i1:'.
'iri'

REMOTEVIEWING
*-*reqor

coined ilre term 'remote rt ite"

viewing' (RV) fo describe the
l. As imoges enler fhe
process of psychicolly viewing
psychic's mind, he slorlt
distont locolions. Right ore two ]:
drowing ond moking
exomples of remotety viewed
;;T;;;;;;.;J; nousz bb-ffie
l-slrlolpd admin;
facility...

Army remote viewer. In both

exomples, on unknown .::
governmenl qgency Provided
ogent uros
rhe psyrhic with q photogroph
the odministrotion
of on ogent ond told him lo
building of Lowrence
'look'for lhe ogenl somewhere
Livermore Loborotories,
in the US. In both cqses, lhe
on otomic reseqrch y'Dy:iy*-*
psychic wos oble to occurolelY
cenh€ in Cqlifornio.
drqw the lorget's locqfion.
*r,l$rf"iii*t=-t--";:*
#ri'F:ffi,J €
tffir ffi*S#:
*
E
]
z
t
o

=
s
06

ryF-u rrr't-
i
-::1
;
Challenger' and presented the research 5
a Sincerhe eorly findings. Within a week, Ingo Swann
l98os, sroriesqbour received his first set of coordinates from the
Pentogonpsychics intelligence agency. The psychic spying
hove been leoking programme was underway.
to the press-
o l rh o u ghm qny one THE C O V ER -U P BE GIN S
unlrue. An executive Supporters of remote viewing now had less
order possedin trouble persuading sceptical pentagon
April l995by budgetmanagersofitsmilitarypotentiat.,As
PresidenrBill reports of successmultiplied, however, so too
Clinton,however, did the secrecy surrounding the project.
hos mode il eosier Then, in 197b, with the death of pat price,
for reseorchersto came the announcement that the psychic
occessinlormolion spFng programme had come to an end.
lfroll woS
ilrO wos oonce
nCe At
At least,
le a st fh ic was
this .^ r r " the
r h a official line.
l :-^ yet a
\/^. ^
^ fc-:^r
clossified. q?R qrrrr/A\/ eh^-,^.t l|. January 19g0, when Iran was
I1978 survey showed that ^a out
^,,+ of 1 / rro
^r 14 US para-,- -
Americans hostage, ,t. gou.r;;-_.
psychology r4uD,labs, rrvE
five uduhad been approached
uccrl approacned '
rurned
turned to sRI
sRI for help.
help. I
for information by the government. And in Despite the denials, the US- ei
continued to finance psychicai
1977, a new venture - prolect
provided US military and in
agencies with their own team of
spies. A remote-viewing station was
at Fort Meade, Maryland, and
trained psychicsfrom the army's,i
and Securiry Command (I

OPERATION STARGAT
Grillflame officially ceased
actually continued secretly -
simply transferred to rhe .
budget. The codename also ch
to Centerlane then Sunstreak thel
Stargate - and the project was
the Defense Intelligence Agency,,(
the objectivesremained the same.
The authorities were impressed
results. Major General Edmund
then the US Army's AssistantChie

fbr Intelligence, described how he was
convinced that remote viewing was real: 'We
Monuel weren't so much interestedin explaining it
:iial:i:alai.al hos fwice as in determining whether there was any
,begnl,,lha:rorger f or
:i:lil:l,tllti' practical use to it.'
l;.;,,:;:;..'.;,.'
:.:a::.) . ,U3,,Arrhy,'
psychics - Although details remain highly classified,
first in | 983, when it is known that the Grillflame psychics saw
rernole viewers active service around the world. Successful
were osked lo projects included: searching for secret
. provide detoils on tunnels between North and South Korea;
his illicit orms deols,
a:i:;ii::ti.
locating a Sovietbomber which had crashed
iid,ggcin before in Africa; the assassinationof President Park
in South Korea; nuclear testins in China;
in 19 89 . capturing a Russian spy in China;
producing detailed descriptions
of Middle Eastern training
sites used by the Hezbollah
terrorists; and advising
stratesistson the whereabouts
of Libyan General Mu'ammar
Gaddafi during the US's air-
strike on Tripoli.
Successfulor not, the public
remained sceptical about
psychic spying, and a review was
conducted of the Pentagon's shadier
programmes. \Arhat it concluded of
Fort Meade's operations remains
classified,but in 1986 Project Stargate
was effectively doused
Or was it? In 1995 came the official
announcement that Fort Meade rvas
closing - an odd thing to sayabout a place
that supposedlyceasedfunctioning nine
years earlier. Given the past validity
o[ such \tatements'it seems
-.*L
__E:
''i .'i
'*w
Iikely that the
military are still interesteclin plrr-"-
psychology.Certainly the priratc .r
' After Fort Meade's 'official' c.' . - f --f
of its star pupils, Army Major Eci tt.. :ra.. icl
up a company called Psi-Techi, '- t_:,t-.ic
the flow of psychic infornr..:, tf -.:l e .
boasted an impressive clier:c r -'a ,rt l
whom was the US gor,ernrner:. F',-
however. Psi-Tech went the \f.1'. , ,: l-'::-.: ;:r-.e.
Tbday, Dames teaches renr, '.c-'"-:','--r.a:ll
Beverly Hills, California. \ : : , 't l . r : : his
projects is finding the mr.u-cit':':1r-,1:- ,:r :L -ihe
infamous O.J. Simpsolr c.r!c.
CIRCTE OF DECEIPT
Could t h e p s v c h i c >p \ l l r , , ! r . u l m e hale
arrived full circle. a,i:iil r,per;rtec1bv t1-re
private sector?Joseph \Ic\lneagle, the frrsr
Army Intelligence Oiticer to be trainecl for'
Crillflame, thinks nr,rt: 'I can tell vou botlt
from a ps1'chic st:urdpoir.rtalld as a member
of the proeranrme. thzrt Grillflame is closecl
and en.rphaticalh rlill not re-open. The
goverlllnent l-ras ue\rer used col)tr.tct
psvchics ancl rron't in the future, prir.r.rarilr
b e c a u s e t h e v c a n 't c o n t r o l t h e m . Th i : r .a :
otre of the reasons for creating the pr-r-rjrct
i rr rl re fi rqt
"' nl rce'
r -*- .-'
But perhaps the final word shoulcilie r'irl.r
Stanfield Tumer, former Director- oi the
CLA..\41-renquestioned in 199r abr-,tuthe
government' scottti nuedttseof P .rr lr ir . . ir e
stated: 'No intelligence offrcel rioLrlclerer
totally turn their back on rr'hatcoLrld
be a valuable sollrce of infor matiorr.'
,.st