Professional Documents
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Tie I n ~ b n e l
aeumal
Rdvanced
Illanufacturing
Technoi@
1.
Introduction
Current CAD/CAM systems allow the generation of threedimensional models of mechanical parts and the simulation of
their machining on screen. Nevertheless, a large gap still exists
between the "design" (CAD) and "manufacturing" (CAM) part
of these software packages. It would seem appropriate to fill
this gap through the addition and integration of technological
information to the geometrical model. A method for representing and exporting geometrical tolerances within
CAD/CAM systems is proposed.
The approach relies on the representation of tolerances using
standardised zones constructed around the theoretical surfaces
of the part.
2.
2.1
Presentation
2.1.1
Displacement Parameters
631
-sp
L o
General surfaces
, w v"
L o
w v
cpca
o
wl
~J
Prismaticsurfaces
cps~
o
]J
cvsP u3i
S~Cl3 C~
I -sp
o
S~Sl3 v [
c~
wl
Surfaces of revolution
-cvcp -sr
1J
v1
I -S13
Lo
Helical surfaces
w v
Cylindricalsurfaces
Planarsurfaces
CP
wl
1A
c~s~ o3
svcI3 Cr S~SI3 v
I -s13
o
cp w l
L o
o
o
~J
-crc~ -s~ crsp uq
S~Cl3 cy SrSl3 o
I -sp
cp
ol
Lo
,J
[1 0 0
0 1 0
~u*
o
o
[c~c~-sr
u-]
v
Io o 1 wl
Sphericalsurfaces
kooo
lJ
T(u) =
foo / l ooo
1
T(v) =
(1)
f
T(w) =
R(a) =
01
00
00
C~
-Sa
I
Sc~
Cc~
F~S~ -S'y
C-/
R(~/) =
L0
ol i os o
0
R([3) = -S[3
0
0
-0
1
0
0
C[3
0
0
632
A. Desrochersand A. Rivikre
~t
2.2
["iz
il...........;#'"
.
,,'
C.yC[~
I
= ]SyCf3
D(v,w,~,y) L-~ ~
-Sy
C~
O0
C,tS[~ 0
S~Sf3 v
C~O Wl
(2)
Y,~
DxA
(3)
dA
ea dB-a
0--< [3--<w
and
0~y~w
Therefore complete modelling of the tolerance zone is achieved through a matrix (2) describing the possible deviations
of axis [A, B] along with a set of constraints (3) representing
the geometry and dimensions of the tolerance zone.
It is worth noting that this approach provides a global model
of the tolerance zone. Indeed, it allows the representation of
position uncertainties for any point M associated with segment
[A,B]. Moreover, the actual choice of invariant displacements
reflects the geometry of the tolerance zone rather than its
function. For instance, in the case of a parallelism, the translation of the axis within the tolerance zone itself loses all
technological meaning. The displacement v and w should then
be withdrawn from matrix (2) to properly reflect the orientation
tolerance (parallelism).
The representation of the eight other tolerance zones follows
the same principles and logic that has just been shown for the
cylindrical tolerance zone [5]. Furthermore, the example
presented in the following section uses exclusively cylindrical
tolerance zones.
(+
633
//~17H? [ ]
+
+
1~+,,., /
7"
o.
3.
3.2
+++ lr,..........
25.ii ....q
Fig. 4. Shaft and gear (part 2).
Part 1 ( P u m p - B o d y )
...........
634
(6)
Additionally, this vector must comply with several constraints related to the geometry and size of the tolerance
zone B~:
[Ms~M'B~o]R~ y~ <-- ~bt3/2 [MB~bM'8~b]R~ Y~ --< ~bt3/2(7)
0 -- " --< "rr
(o,.~,.y,.,~ = [Pn~R,] X
(4)
(O,x,y,z)
0 --< 13 <-- 7r
and naturally
D,l(v,w,[3,~/)
[cc13
-s'~
c~s13
= I s~C13
c.y
s~s13
C13
l-~13
(8)
(9)
(5)
v <-- qbt3/2
and
3.2.2
and
0 --< y ~ 'rr
with
v --< 0.037/2
w -< 0.037/2
IM-g~],
DII
4,t3
'--
r-ls-
[151
I01
r-1251
[M~M~1
Io
0.037
2
-------~]
M.,~G, 'Y~=
CBSr*xM +Cr*N'/ + S ~ r * z M - y M +v
Io
~,L
[ - - ]
,%=a,=
Fsl
-IR~
tol Io
t~L It
<t4
.y,=
c4~r*~+Cr*~+S~r*~-~+v
D33
[-1,
m.M,,
"Y' =
C~r*~t+Cr*#4+SlUr*z~=yv/+v
1:
- yt4yR3
[:! [:i
<" [o
~L,
-
_+o.olss y
?'1
F-sl
D22
F157
[o
0.037
lol
R~t
Io
I
< - -
F1zsl
~.OlSS
r-~sl
D13
,*t3_
I , . [:J, :~-'
DI2
635
0t5_
5-y
+ (P~RIR3 ( [ D 2 2 ] R 3 - - / )
1
= {(p~DR--R,
X ( [ D l l ] R , - / ) PR-.R, x [ M < k ) +
(11)
(p;1
R--R, ([D13]R, --/) X PR_.RI x [MB,]R) +
e3
(10)
L .....L
M B3a
M B3a
M B3b
M B3b
15
15
Maximum distance
M B2e
M B2b
b: .....I
M B2a
M B2b
636
(12)
e2aI
(13)
(14)
05)
Obviously, there are no constraints to be imposed on the gear
orientations. The result of the optimisation process yields the
following c~ uncertainty on the parallelism between the gears,
0/...... = (O/'DI2 -}" {Y~D22) "}- (O/'D I [ J" ~DI3 -I- 0~.D33)
or
4.
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
result would have been very difficult to compute using conventional approaches.
(16)
References
1. A. A. G. Requicha, "Toward a theory of geometric tolerancing",
Journal of Robotic Research, 2 (40), winter 1983.
2. R. Jayaraman and V. Srinivasan, "Virtual boundary requirements
and conditional tolerances in mechanical design", RC 12942
(58050), IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, October 7, 1987.
3. J. U. Turner, "Exploiting solid models for tolerance computations",
Geometric Modeling for Product Engineering, 1FIP t990 pp. 237258.
4. A. Desrochers, "Modble conceptuet du dimensionnement et du
tol~rancement des m~canismes. Reprrsentation dans les syst~mes
CFAO", Doctoral Thesis, Fv~coleCentrale Paris, September 24, 1991.
5. A. Rivi~re, "La g~omrtrie du groupe des drptacements appliqude
la modrlisation du tol4rancement", Doctoral Thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, September 22, 1993.
6. J. M. Herve, "La grom6trie du groupe des d4ptacements appliqu4e
l'analyse cinrmatique des mdcanismes", State Doctoral Thesis,
Paris VI, May 1976.
7. D. Gaunet, "ModUle formel de tolrrancement de position: contribution ~al'aide au tol4rancement en CFAO', Doctoral Thesis, Ecole
Centrale Paris, 1993.
8. "Dessins techniques - Tolrrancement g4omrtrique - Tol&ancement
de forme, orientation, position et battement-Grndralitrs, drfinitions, symbotes, indications sur tes dessins", ISO, 1983.
9. "Dessins techniques- Cotation et tol~rancement des profils", tSO,
1987.
10. "Dessins techniques- Tolrrancement gromrtrique- Toldrancement
de localisation', ISO, 1987.