Basic Fa

FIRE
Back - to - Basics
Fire Alarm Seminar
FIRE
Agenda
n
What is a Fire Alarm System?
FA Circuits (Classes & Styles)
Peripherals in Brief
How to Wire a Building
Voltage Drop Considerations
Old & Obsolete FA Panels and

Concepts
z
z
z
AC Systems
Series Signals
Obsolete Panels
FIRE
What is a Fire Alarm
FIRE
What is a Fire Alarm System?

n
The main purpose of a fire alarm system is to protect life

and property by giving early warning of a fire, so that the
occupants can evacuate and/or the Fire Department can
respond.
A system must be able to detect the initiation of a fire

condition, but also notify someone such as emergency
personnel, the ocupants of the facility, or both.
FIRE
Fire Alarm System Components

n
Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP)
Initiating Devices
Notification Appliances
Emergency Control
Supplementary Equipment
FIRE
Logic/Control
Fire Alarm Control Panel

IDCs
Power
Supply
BATT
120 VAC
User Interface
Program
Distribution
Hardware /
Software
NACs
AUX
Relays
City
Ckt
FIRE
Fire Alarm Control Panel Components

n
Control Unit
Initiating Device Circuits (IDCs)
Notification Appliance Circuits (NACs)
Auxiliary Circuits
Power Supply
FIRE
Logic/Control
Primary
Secondary
120 VAC
IDC
SLC
Power
Supply
BATT
User Interface
Program
Distribution
Hardware /
Software
NACs
AUX
Relays
City
Ckt
FIRE
Initiating Devices
FIRE
NFPA Fire Alarm Circuits

n
The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

classifies circuit Types and dictate their Performance
FIRE
NFPA Circuit Types

n
Initiating Device Circuits (IDC)

z
A circuit to which automatic or manual initiating

devices are connected where the signal received does
not identify the individual device operated
Zone
FIRE
Inputs
Outputs
Initiating Devices
and Emergency Controls
Logic/Control
Bells/Horns
SMK DET

Manual Station
IDCs
NACs
User Interface
Strobe
PULL
AUX
Simplex
Waterflow
WF
Power
Supply
BATT
Program
Distribution
Hardware /
Software
F
I
R
E
Relays
City
Ckt
Sprinkler
Tamper
Smoke Control
Door Holders
Simplex
ZONE 1
ZONE 5
ZONE 9
ZONE 2
ZONE 6
ZONE 10
ZONE 3
ZONE 7
ZONE 11
ZONE 4
ZONE 8
ZONE 12
120 VAC
Fire Department
Printer
CRT/KBD or
PC Interface
Annunciators
FIRE
Initiating Devices
n
Manual Stations
PULL
Simplex
Automatic Fire Detectors

z
z
z
z
Heat Detectors
Smoke Detectors
Flame (UV/IR) Detectors
Gas Detectors
Water Flow
Supervisory Switches
z
z
WF
Sprinkler Valve Tamper

Tank Water Level
FIRE
How They Work - Contact Devices
Normal State
FIRE
How They Work - Contact Devices
Normal State
Alarm State
FIRE
How They Work - Current Limited Devices
Normal State
Electronics
FIRE
How They Work - Current Limited Devices
Normal State
Electronics
Alarm State
Electronics
FIRE
NFPA Fire Alarm Circuits

n
Two basic circuit Classes existed prior to 1993

z
Class B - Non-redundant
Class A - Redundant
In 1993 NFPA introduced circuit Styles in order to clarify

the difference in circuit operation made available by new
hardware and software
FIRE
NFPA Wiring Styles

n

z
Class B (Style B)
FIRE
FIRE
FIRE
FIRE
FIRE
FIRE
BREAK GLASS
BREAK GLASS
BREAK GLASS
PULL
PULL
PULL
DOWN
Simplex
DOWN
Simplex
DOWN
Simplex
FIRE
CLASS B (Style B)
Normal Operation
IDC Module
+
_
Typical Normally Open

Device
2ND FLOOR NORTH HALLWAY

NORMAL
FIRE
ALARM
ALARM
ACK
PRIORITY 2
ALARM
ALARM
ACK
SYSTEM
SUPERVISORY
SUPV
ACK
ACKNOWLEDGE
SYSTEM
TROUBLE
TBL
ACK
ALARM
SILENCED
ALARM
SILENCE
POWER
ON
SYSTEM
RESET
Class B (Style B)
Alarm (SHORT) Operation
IDC Module
+
_
1ST FLOOR
2ND FLOOR
ELECTRICAL
NORTH
CLOSET
HALLWAY
ROOM 102
SMOKE DETECTOR
FIRE
ALARM
ALARM
ACK
PRIORITY 2
ALARM
ALARM
ACK
SYSTEM
SUPERVISORY
SUPV
ACK
ACKNOWLEDGE
ALARM
SYSTEM
TROUBLE
TBL
ACK
ALARM
SILENCED
ALARM
SILENCE
POWER
ON
SYSTEM
RESET
Class B (Style B)
Trouble (OPEN) Condition
IDC Module
+
_
Class B (Style B)
IDC Module
+
_
This device can not operate
1ST FLOOR
2ND FLOOR
ELECTRICAL
NORTH
CLOSET
HALLWAY
ROOM 102
SMOKE DETECTOR
FIRE
ALARM
ALARM
ACK
PRIORITY 2
ALARM
ALARM
ACK
SYSTEM
SUPERVISORY
SUPV
ACK
ACKNOWLEDGE
TROUBLE
ALARM
SYSTEM
TROUBLE
TBL
ACK
ALARM
SILENCED
ALARM
SILENCE
POWER
ON
SYSTEM
RESET
FIRE
NFPA Wiring Styles

n

z
Class A (Style D)
FIRE
FIRE
FIRE
FIRE
FIRE
FIRE
BREAK GLASS
BREAK GLASS
BREAK GLASS
PULL
PULL
PULL
DOWN
Simplex
DOWN
Simplex
DOWN
Simplex
FIRE
Class A (Style D)
Normal Operation
IDC Module
+
_
Class A (Style D)
Alarm (SHORT) Operation
IDC Module
+
_
Class A (Style D)
IDC Module
*
+
_
*
* Contacts Close on
Trouble Condition
Class A (Style D)
Trouble & Alarm Condition
IDC Module
*
+
_
*
* Contacts Close on
Trouble Condition
FIRE
NFPA Wiring Styles

n

z
Class B (Style B)
Smoke Detectors - 4 wire

Relay Base
Class B (Style B)
Normal Operation
Resetable
+
R
E
L
A
Y
Power Circuit
_
IDC Zone
+
Zone Circuit
Form C Aux Contacts
Class B (Style B)
Trouble Condition
Resetable
+
_
IDC Zone
+
_
R
E
L
A
Y
FIRE
NFPA Wiring Styles

n

z
Class B (Style B)
Smoke Detectors - 2 wire (Current Limited)
Class B (Style B)
Normal Operation
IDC Module
+
_
MicroRelay
Form A Aux Contacts
Class B (Style B)
Alarm Condition
IDC Module
+
_
FIRE
Current Limited (2-wire) Limitations

n
Fire alarm panels are designed to work with specific

types of 2-wire Detectors
There is a limitation to the Quantity of detectors

which can be placed on a single circuit
Only auxiliary output function can be guaranteed on

a single circuit
Smoke Detectors - 2 wire (Current Limited)
FIRE
NFPA Wiring Styles

n

z
Class B (Style B)
Sprinkler
Tamper
Combination Circuits
WF
FIRE
This would cause a trouble signal

Old School
Not Allowed
Must be a Supervisory signal
+
_
WF
Class B (Style B)
Normal Condition
WF
IDC Module
+
_
Class B (Style B)
Valve Tamper Condition
WF
IDC Module
+
_
MAIN
1STRISER
FLOOR
- EAST
ELECTRICAL
ENTRANCE
CLOSET ROOM 102
SMOKE DETECTOR
TAMPER
FIRE
ALARM
ALARM
ACK
PRIORITY 2
ALARM
ALARM
ACK
SYSTEM
SUPERVISORY
SUPV
ACK
ACKNOWLEDGE
ALARM
SUPERV
SYSTEM
TROUBLE
TBL
ACK
ALARM
SILENCED
ALARM
SILENCE
POWER
ON
SYSTEM
RESET
Class B (Style B)
Waterflow Condition
WF
IDC Module
+
_
MAIN
1STRISER
FLOOR
- EAST
ELECTRICAL
ENTRANCE
CLOSET ROOM 102
SMOKE DETECTOR
WATERFLOW
FIRE
ALARM
ALARM
ACK
PRIORITY 2
ALARM
ALARM
ACK
SYSTEM
SUPERVISORY
SUPV
ACK
ACKNOWLEDGE
ALARM
ALARM
SYSTEM
TROUBLE
TBL
ACK
ALARM
SILENCED
ALARM
SILENCE
POWER
ON
SYSTEM
RESET
FIRE
Tamper Supervisory
+
Waterflow Alarm
WF
FIRE
FIRE
NFPA Circuit Types

n
Notification Appliance Circuits (NAC)

z
A circuit or path directly connected to a notification

appliance(s)
FIRE
Inputs
Outputs
Initiating Devices
Logic/Control
Bells/Horns
SMK DET

Manual Station
IDCs
NACs
User Interface
Strobe
PULL
AUX
Simplex
Waterflow
WF
Power
Supply
BATT
Program
Distribution
Hardware /
Software
F
I
R
E
Relays
City
Ckt
Sprinkler
Tamper
Smoke Control
Door Holders
Simplex
ZONE 1
ZONE 5
ZONE 9
ZONE 2
ZONE 6
ZONE 10
ZONE 3
ZONE 7
ZONE 11
ZONE 4
ZONE 8
ZONE 12
120 VAC
Fire Department
Printer
CRT/KBD or
PC Interface
Annunciators
FIRE
n
Audibles
z
z
z
Horns
Bells/Chimes
Speakers
Visuals
z
Xenon Strobes
y
y
Non-synchronized
Synchronized
Combination Devices
Firefighters Telephones
FIRE
How They Work - DC Devices

(Horns, Bells, Strobes, etc.)
Normal State
Cathode
Anode
FIRE
How They Work - DC Devices (Horns,

Bells, Strobes, etc.)
Normal State
Supervisory Mode
Activated State
Alarm Mode
Monitor Mode
FIRE
How They Work - AC Devices (Speakers)
Normal State
Current
Cathode
0.00
24 VDC
24 VDC
Anode
EOL
Value
0.00
Resistance
Cathode
24 VDC
Anode
+
Alarm Mode = Remove DC monitoring and Output Signal (AC)
24 VDC
Audio Signal
FIRE
Normal State
FIRE
Normal State
Activated State
AC
AC
FIRE
NFPA Wiring Styles

n

z
Class B (Style Y)
FIRE
Class B (Style Y)
Normal Operation
NAC Module
2ND FLOOR NORTH HALLWAY

SIGNALS
FIRE
ALARM
ALARM
ACK
NORMAL
PRIORITY 2
ALARM
ALARM
ACK
SYSTEM
SUPERVISORY
SUPV
ACK
ACKNOWLEDGE
SYSTEM
TROUBLE
TBL
ACK
ALARM
SILENCED
ALARM
SILENCE
POWER
ON
SYSTEM
RESET
Class B (Style Y)
Alarm Condition
NAC Module
+
_
Class B (Style Y)
Trouble Condition
NAC Module
+
This device can not operate
1ST FLOOR
2ND FLOOR
ELECTRICAL
NORTH
CLOSET
HALLWAY
ROOM 102
SMOKE
SIGNALS
DETECTOR
FIRE
ALARM
ALARM
ACK
PRIORITY 2
ALARM
ALARM
ACK
SYSTEM
SUPERVISORY
SUPV
ACK
ACKNOWLEDGE
TROUBLE
ALARM
SYSTEM
TROUBLE
TBL
ACK
ALARM
SILENCED
ALARM
SILENCE
POWER
ON
SYSTEM
RESET
Class B (Style Y)
Alarm Condition
NAC Module
+
_
FIRE
NFPA Wiring Styles

n

z
Class A (Style Z)
FIRE
Class A (Style Z)
Normal Operation
NAC Module
Class A (Style Z)
Alarm Condition
NAC Module
*
+
_
*
* Contacts Close on
Alarm Condition
Class A (Style Z)
Trouble Condition
NAC Module
Class A (Style Z)
Trouble & Alarm Condition
NAC Module
*
+
_
*
* Contacts Close on
Alarm Condition
FIRE
Phone Circuit
Phone Jack
5k EOL
_
300
5k EOL = Normal
300 = Phone plugged in
Open = Trouble
Short = Trouble
GF = Trouble
FIRE
Signaling Lines
FIRE
NFPA Circuit Types

n
Signaling Line Circuits (SLC)

z
A circuit or path between any combination of circuit

interfaces, control units, or transmitters over which
multiple system input signals or output signals, or
both are carried
FIRE
NFPA Wiring Styles

n

z
Class B (Style 4)
FIRE
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
Systems
Normal
Operation
Control Panel Interrogation
101 What is your status?
FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
101
102
103
104
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
Systems
Normal
Operation
101
FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
102
101 Status: Normal
Device Response
103
104
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
Systems
Normal
Operation
FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
101
102
103
104
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
Systems
Normal
Operation
FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
101
102
102 Status: Alarm
Device Response
103
104
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
Systems
Normal
Operation
FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
101
102
103
104
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
Systems
Normal
Operation
FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
101
102
103 Status: Trouble
Device Response
103
104
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
Systems
Normal
Operation
FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
101
102
103
104
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
Systems
Normal
Operation
FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Normal
101
102
103
104 Status: Normal
Device Response
104
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
Systems
Trouble
Condition
FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
101
102
103
104
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
Systems
Trouble
Condition
101
FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
102
101 Status: Normal
Device Response
103
104
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
Systems
Trouble
Condition
FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
101
102
103
104
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
Systems
Trouble
Condition
FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
101
102
102 Status: Alarm
Device Response
103
104
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
Systems
Trouble
Condition
FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
101
102
103
104
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
Systems
Trouble
Condition
FACP Memory
101
102
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 No Answer
104 Trouble
Device Response
103
104
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
Systems
Trouble
Condition
FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 No Answer
104 Trouble
101
102
103
104
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
Systems
Trouble
Condition
FACP Memory
101
102
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 No Answer
104 No Answer
Device Response
103
104
FIRE
NFPA Wiring Styles

n

z
Class A (Style 6)
FIRE
Class A (Style 6)
Addressable
Systems
Trouble Condition
- OPEN
FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
101
102
103
104
Class A (Style 6)
Addressable
Systems
Trouble Condition
- OPEN
101
FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
102
101 Status: Normal
Device Response
103
104
Class A (Style 6)
Addressable
Systems
Trouble Condition
- OPEN
FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
101
102
103
104
Class A (Style 6)
Addressable
Systems
Trouble Condition
- OPEN
FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
101
102
102 Status: Alarm
Device Response
103
104
Class A (Style 6)
Addressable
Systems
Trouble Condition
- OPEN
FACP Memory
101
102
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
103
104
Class A (Style 6)
Addressable
Systems
Trouble Condition
- OPEN
FACP Memory
101
102
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
103 Status: Trouble
Device Response
103
104
Class A (Style 6)
Addressable
Systems
Trouble Condition
- OPEN
FACP Memory
101
102
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
103
104
Class A (Style 6)
Addressable
Systems
Trouble Condition
- OPEN
FACP Memory
101
102
103
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Normal
104 Status: Normal
Device Response
104
Class A (Style 6)
Addressable
Systems
Trouble Condition
- SHORT
FACP Memory
101 No Answer
102 No Answer
103 No Answer
104 No Answer
101
102
103
SLC Failure
Catastrophic Failure
104
FIRE
FIRE
Style 7 (Class A) Network

Signalling Line Circuit, Normal Operation
FIRE
Token

Signalling Line Circuit, Normal Operation
FIRE
Token

Signalling Line Circuit, Operation With a Single Short or
Open
FIRE
Token
Token

Signalling Line Circuit, Operation with Multiple Shorts
or Opens
MODULES
n
MONITOR
RELAY
SIGNAL
MONITOR
Relay Module,
z
Control Module, Control ZAM
Signal
Module
Signal
FIRE
MONITOR
FIRE
MONITOR
MONITOR
FIRE
Addressable Devices - IAM

n
Individual Addressable Module

z
Addressable Station
Addressable Base
Photo
y Ionization
y Heat
y
Supervised IAM
y
Monitors a single conventional contact device
IAM Relay (ID Net only)
Obtains operating power from SLC
Supervised IAM
SLC
+
_
Typical Normally Open

Device
FIRE
Addressable Devices - ZAM

n
Zone Addressable Module

z
Interfaces with a Zone of Conventional Devices
Monitoring Devices
Class B Monitor ZAM
y Class A Monitor ZAM
y 4-Wire Monitor ZAM
y
Control Devices
Unsupervised Control ZAM
y Supervised Signal ZAM
y
Obtains operating power from a separate source
Class B Monitor ZAM

+
Operating
Power
_
SLC
+
_
Class A Monitor ZAM

+
Operating
Power
_
SLC
+
_
4-Wire Monitor ZAM

+
Operating
Power
Resetable
Power
SLC
+
_
R
E
L
A
Y
Control ZAM
+
Operating
Power
Normally
Open
Normally
Closed
SLC
1 Relay
Normally
Open
Normally
Closed
Signal ZAM
+
Operating
Power
_
SLC
SIGNAL
Power
INTELLIGENT DEVICES
MODULES
n
MONITOR
RELAY
SIGNAL
Single Input Contact Module

SIGA-CT1
n
Four Assignable Personalities

z
Alarm, Supervisory, Waterflow

(delayed latching retard),
Monitor
1-gang Mount
Dual Input Contact Module

SIGA-CT2
n
Four Separate Assignable

Personalities to Each Input
z
Alarm, Supervisory, Waterflow

(delayed latching retard),
Monitor
1-gang Mount
Monitor Module
SIGA-MM1
n
Factory Pre-loaded Monitor

Function
z
Saves installation time
1-gang Mount
Waterflow/Tamper Module
SIGA-WTM
n
Factory Pre-loaded Waterflow

(16 second delayed latching
retard) and Supervisory Input
z
Saves installation time
1-gang Mount
Single Circuit Control Module

SIGA-CC1
n
n
Single Riser Select

Two Assignable
Personalities
Switch Telphone Riser
z
Built-in RING TONE

generator for fire
phones
2-gang Mount
Switch Signal Riser

z
2 amps @ 24 Vdc
50 watts @ 25 Vaudio
35 watts @ 70Vaudio
Dual Circuit Control Module

SIGA-CC2
n
Dual Riser Select
Select Signal Riser
2 amps @ 24 Vdc
35 watts @ 70Vaudio
2-gang Mount
Control Relay
SIGA-CR
n
Form C NO or NC Contact
z
0.5 amps @ 220 Vac (non UL)
0.5 amps @ 120 Vac
2 amps (pilot duty) @ 24 Vdc
1-gang Mount
Universal Class A/B Module

15 Assignable Personalities
z
Two Class B or one Class A

Initiating Device Circuits
One Class A or B Indicating

Appliance Circuit
One Class A or B Smoke

Detector Circuit (2-wire verified
or non-verified)
One Form C Dry Contact Relay
SIGA-UM
FIRE
Emergency Controls
FIRE
Inputs
Outputs
Initiating Devices
Logic/Control
Bells/Horns
SMK DET

Manual Station
IDCs
NACs
User Interface
Strobe
PULL
AUX
Simplex
Waterflow
WF
Power
Supply
BATT
Program
Distribution
Hardware /
Software
F
I
R
E
Relays
City
Ckt
Sprinkler
Tamper
Smoke Control
Door Holders
Simplex
ZONE 1
ZONE 5
ZONE 9
ZONE 2
ZONE 6
ZONE 10
ZONE 3
ZONE 7
ZONE 11
ZONE 4
ZONE 8
ZONE 12
120 VAC
Fire Department
Printer
CRT/KBD or
PC Interface
Annunciators
FIRE
Emergency Controls (Outputs)

n
Supervised
z
City Connection
UUKL Smoke Control
Unsupervised
z
Door Control (Holders & Locks)
Smoke (Fan & Damper) Control
Elevator Recall
Emergency Lighting Control
FIRE
City Connections
Contact DACT
FIRE
Conventional
Contact
Monitoring
DACT
FIRE
Conventional
Contact
Monitoring
DACT
FIRE
Conventional
Contact
Monitoring
DACT
FIRE
Conventional
Contact
Monitoring
DACT
FIRE
ABC CORPORATION ALARM
Conventional
Contact
Monitoring
DACT
FIRE
City Connections
Serial DACT
FIRE
SERIAL
DACT
FIRE
SERIAL
DACT
FIRE
SERIAL
DACT
FIRE
SERIAL
DACT
FIRE
ABC CORPORATION
SMOKE DETECTOR ALARM
THIRD FLOOR EAST STORAGE CLOSET
SERIAL
DACT
FIRE
Supplementary
Equipment
FIRE
Inputs
Outputs
Initiating Devices
Logic/Control
Bells/Horns
SMK DET

Manual Station
IDCs
NACs
User Interface
Strobe
PULL
AUX
Simplex
Waterflow
WF
Power
Supply
BATT
Program
Distribution
Hardware /
Software
F
I
R
E
Relays
City
Ckt
Sprinkler
Tamper
Smoke Control
Door Holders
Simplex
ZONE 1
ZONE 5
ZONE 9
ZONE 2
ZONE 6
ZONE 10
ZONE 3
ZONE 7
ZONE 11
ZONE 4
ZONE 8
ZONE 12
120 VAC
Fire Department
Printer
CRT/KBD or
PC Interface
Annunciators
FIRE
Supplementary Equipment - Annunciators

n
Graphic or Directory Lamp Annunciators
Computer Based Graphic Systems
Text-based CRTs
Text-based Printers
Simplex
ZONE 1
ZONE 5
ZONE 9
ZONE 2
ZONE 6
ZONE 10
ZONE 3
ZONE 7
ZONE 11
ZONE 4
ZONE 8
ZONE 12
FIRE
Basic Annunciators
n
Hardwired
z
One Wire and Common per Point

Simplex
FIRE ALARM CONTROL
ZONE 1
ZONE 5
ZONE 9
ZONE 2
ZONE 6
ZONE 10
ZONE 3
ZONE 7
ZONE 11
ZONE 4
ZONE 8
ZONE 12
FIRE
Basic Annunciators
n
Serial Annunciator
z
Twisted/Sheilded Wiring (Communications)
Power
120 VAC
y 24 VDC
y
Simplex
FIRE ALARM CONTROL
ZONE 1
ZONE 5
ZONE 9
ZONE 2
ZONE 6
ZONE 10
ZONE 3
ZONE 7
ZONE 11
ZONE 4
ZONE 8
ZONE 12
FIRE
Basic Annunciators
n
CRTs, Printers, PC Based Graphics

z
Twisted/Sheilded Wiring (Communications)
Power
120 VAC
y 24 VDC
y
Simplex
120 VAC
FIRE ALARM CONTROL
FIRE
Basic
Peripherials
FIRE
Peripherals - Manual Devices

n
Manual Stations
z
Conventional & Addressable
Single or Double Action
Standard material - Lexan (Plastic)

y
Limited choice of Metal models available
Valve Tamper
z
Typically Supplied by Others
FIRE
Peripherals - Automatic Devices

n
Smoke Detectors
z
z
z
z
z
Photoelectric
Ionization
Beam
Air Aspiration (VESDA)
Duct
Heat
z
z
z
z
Fixed
Rate-of-Rise
Combination
Rate Compensated
FIRE
Peripherals - Automatic Devices

n
Waterflow
z
Typically supplied by others
Flame Detectors
FIRE
Peripherals - Audible Appliances

n
Horns
Bells
Chimes
Speakers
z
25 VRMS
70 VRMS
FIRE
Peripherals - Visual Appliances

n
XENON
15 cd
y 30 cd
y 110 cd
y
Combined with Audible (AV)
Synchronized Option
z
Requires a Sync Cube
FIRE
Miscellaneous Devices
n
Door Holders
z
Watch Voltage Requirements

y
24 volt units require Power Supplies
Relays
Firefighter Phones
z
Jacks
Emergency Phones in Cabinet
FIRE
How to Wire a
Building
IDC Module
+
_
Right
IDC Module
+
_
Wrong
IDC Module
+
_
Right
IDC Module
+
_
Right
NAC Module
+
_
FIRE
PROPER WIRING TERMINATIONS

FOR HARDWIRED CIRCUITS
Conductors must be broken at each
device termination (Incoming &
Outgoing conductors must not be
twisted together or left as a continuous
wire)
No T-Taps
FIRE
Pg. 72-99
Annex G
FIRE
FIRE
Shielding
Most digital communication ckts require a twisted
shielded pair (TSP) of wires. Shielding usually
consist of a foil shield and a drain wire which is in
continuous contact with the foil. Shielding prevents
cross-talk between other circuits run next to the cable,
shields against EMI or RFI noise or interference that
could be induced from the surroundings and helps to
prevent the shielded circuit from emitting noise that
could interfere with other circuits.
FIRE
Shielding
1.
When joints or connections are made, as little of the

cable as possible should be stripped back so that only a
small amount of the wiring will be unshielded.
2.
The shield must be continuous throughout the ckt. In

other words, the drain (shield) wires must be tied together
with a good mechanical bond at every cable joint or
splice.
FIRE
Shielding
1.
The shield MUST be isolated from ground throughout

the ckt. Usually this is done with electrical tape but it may
be done with heat shrink. The shield is only tied to a
signal ground at one point (usually at the control panel).
This signal ground is sometimes earth ground and
sometimes 0V or system common.
. Grounds at more than one point on the shield
can cause ground loops. This may create more
noise than having no shield at all.
FIRE
National Electrical Code (NEC)

n
1993 Edition
Article 760 Fire Protective Signaling Circuits

z
Scope & General
760-1 to 760-7
Nonpower-Limited
760-11 to 760-18
Power Limited
760-21 to 760-53
FIRE
Power Limited Circuits

n
Operate between 20 VDC and 250 VDC

z
Circuits are limited to 100 Volt-Amperes (VA)
Power limiting is accomplished by use of proper power

source
A power limited source can be:

z
A circuit breaker or fuse if:

The overcurrent device is not interchangeable with higher
rated device
y The overcurrent device is located where the conductor to be
protected receives its supply
y
An inherently limited power supply

y
No output power is provided if the output is shorted
FIRE
Power Limited Control Panels

n
Circuit Marking (NEC 760-22):

z
The equipment shall be durably marked where plainly

visible to indicate each circuit that is a power-limited circuit.
If the circuits are not marked Power Limited, the system

must be considered Non-Power Limited.
FIRE
Power Limited vs. Non-Power Limited

(Exposed Wiring)
Power Limited
Non-Power Limited
Single conductors are allowed

(Table 760-51)
2 conductors minimum
(760-17(c)(2)
Minimum conductor size in

cable
Minimum conductor size in

cable:
z
n
#26 AWG (Table 760-51)
FPLP Cable Installation

z
Plenums
DUCTs
Other spaces used for

environmental air
Cable substitutions are allowed

(Table 760-53)
z
n
NPLFP Cable Installation

z
#18AWG
Other spaces used for

environmental air
No cable substitutions are

allowed
FIRE
Fire Protective Signaling Cables

n
Non-power limited cables

z
NEC 760 - 17(c) (4, 5, & 6)
Power limited cables

z
NEC 760 - 51(d, e, & f)

Power
Non-Power
Limited
Limited
FPL
NPLF
Riser (Vertical Runs)
FPLR
NPLFR
Plenum or DUCT [NEC 300-22(b)]
FPLP
Use conduit
Other spaces used to transport Environmental air [NEC 300-22(c)]
FPLP
NPLFP
Application
General Use
FIRE
Wiring Considerations
Voltage Drop & Distances
FIRE
Wire Distance Limitations

n Initiating
Circuits:
#14
= 3.07Device
/ 1000
Feet
z 8 Zone
Monitor modules - Class B (Style B)
50 / 3.07
= 16.3
y 10,000
or 50 ohms, whichever comes first
16.3 x 1000
= feet
16300
smoke detector circuits: 50 ohms max. line resistance
16300 /y 22-wire
= 8150
Ckt Length
y
Dry contact only circuits: 800 ohms max. line resistance
8 Zone Monitor Modules - Class A (Style D)

y
10,000 feet from module and back to the module or 50 ohms,

whichever comes first (5,000 feet to furthest device)
FIRE

n
Monitor Zone Addressable Module (ZAM)

z
Class B (Style B)
y
2,000 feet or 10 ohms, whichever comes first
Class A (Style D)
2,000 feet or 10 ohms, whichever comes first, from ZAM
terminals and back to the ZAM terminals
y 2000 feet from module and back to the module or 10 ohms,
whichever comes first (1,000 feet to furthest device)
y
Wire Guage
z
18 AWG minimum
12 AWG maximum
FIRE

n
MAPNET & IDNet

z
Class B (Style 4)
10,000 feet maximum of all wire runs including:
y All T-taps
y Parallel runs
y For each continuous run:
y 2,500 feet for up to 250 IDNet devices
y 2,500 feet for up to 128 MAPNET devices
y When run exceeds 2,500 feet twisted shielded wiring is
required.
y
FIRE

n
MAPNET
z
Class A (Style 6)
No T-tapping is allowed
y For each continuous run from FACP and back:
y 1250 feet to furthest device
y When run exceeds 2,500 feet twisted shielded wiring is
required.
y
FIRE

n

z
Audibles & Visuals

Maximum
Circuit
Line
Current Resistance
(amps)
()
0.250
0.500
0.750
1.000
1.250
1.500
1.750
2.000
10.8
5.4
3.6
2.7
2.16
1.8
1.54
1.35
Maximum distance (feet)

(2 conductor cable)
18AWG 16AWG 14AWG 12AWG
845
1340
2138
3400
420
670
1065
1700
280
445
710
1130
210
335
530
850
165
265
425
680
140
220
350
565
120
190
300
480
105
165
265
425
FIRE

n

z
Speakers
25 VRMS
Maximum Distance (feet)
25VRMS POWER
(Twisted Pair Wire)
APPLIED
18AWG 16AWG 14AWG 12AWG
50W
400
680
1021
1624
40W
505
804
1279
2033
30W
673
1070
1704
2707
20W
1011
1608
2558
4067
10W
2024
3219
5120
8140
FIRE

n

z
Speakers
70 VRMS
70VRMS POW ER
APPLIED
100W
80W
70W
60W
50W
40W
30W
20W
10W
Maximum Distance (feet)

(Twisted Pair W ire)
18AW G
16AW G
14AW G
12AW G
1620
2577
4098
6500
2020
3212
5108
8121
2317
3685
5860
9318
2700
4276
6800
10860
3241
5154
8197
13000
4040
6424
10216
16243
5379
8553
13602
21721
8065
12823
20394
32424
16000
25000
40000
64800
FIRE
FIRE
Old Stuff
FIRE
Series Notification Circuits (AC)

n
Works like inexpensive Christmas lights

One fails, they all fail
z
120 VAC
y
300+ Volt Audio

y
Horns, Bells, Chimes

Speakers
All devices must be replaced when

upgrading system
FIRE

(Normal Condition)
120
VAC
NEUT
Trouble Monitor
Circuit
FIRE

(Normal Condition)
120
VAC
NEUT
Trouble Monitor
Circuit
Series AC
NAC Module
Right
NAC Module
+
_
Need Additional Wiring
FIRE
4246/4247 AC FACP
FIRE
4246/4247 AC FACP
n
Introduced ??????
All Peripherals operate on 120 VAC

z
No Standby Batteries
ONE IDC
2- Series Wired NACs

z
Built in groups of 2
Boxes not compatible with and current

panels
FIRE
4208 Hardwired FACP

n
Introduced in early 1970s
First Multi-zone FACP
Not Programmable
MOST features duplicated in 4XXX series panels

z
Watch for AC Series NACs
Boxes not compatible with and current panels
FIRE
4207 Hardwired FACP

n
Introduced in 1974
Transistor based replacment for the 4208
Not Programmable

z
Boxes not compatible with and current panels
FIRE
2001 Hardwired FACP
FIRE
2001 Hardwired FACP

n
Introduced in late 1978

z
Workhorse FACP for 15 yrs!
Modular-based replacement of 4207
Sometimes packaged with 2100 & 2120 Multiplex

Systems
Not Programmable

z
2, 4, & 6 unit Boxes not compatible with 4XXX series

panels

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FIRE

What is a Fire Alarm System?

FA Circuits (Classes & Styles)

How to Wire a Building

Voltage Drop Considerations

Old & Obsolete FA Panels and

What is a Fire Alarm

What is a Fire Alarm System?

The main purpose of a fire alarm system is to protect life

A system must be able to detect the initiation of a fire

Fire Alarm System Components

Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP)

Fire Alarm Control Panel

Fire Alarm Control Panel Components

Initiating Device Circuits (IDCs)

Notification Appliance Circuits (NACs)

Fire Alarm Control Panel

NFPA Fire Alarm Circuits

The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

NFPA Circuit Types

Initiating Device Circuits (IDC)

A circuit to which automatic or manual initiating

Fire Alarm Control Panel

Automatic Fire Detectors

Sprinkler Valve Tamper

How They Work - Contact Devices

How They Work - Contact Devices

How They Work - Current Limited Devices

How They Work - Current Limited Devices

NFPA Fire Alarm Circuits

Two basic circuit Classes existed prior to 1993

In 1993 NFPA introduced circuit Styles in order to clarify

NFPA Wiring Styles

Initiating Device Circuits (IDC)

Typical Normally Open

2ND FLOOR NORTH HALLWAY

This device can not operate

NFPA Wiring Styles

Initiating Device Circuits (IDC)

NFPA Wiring Styles

Initiating Device Circuits (IDC)

Smoke Detectors - 4 wire

Form C Aux Contacts

NFPA Wiring Styles

Initiating Device Circuits (IDC)

Smoke Detectors - 2 wire (Current Limited)

Form A Aux Contacts

Current Limited (2-wire) Limitations

Fire alarm panels are designed to work with specific

There is a limitation to the Quantity of detectors

Only auxiliary output function can be guaranteed on

NFPA Wiring Styles

Initiating Device Circuits (IDC)

This would cause a trouble signal

Must be a Supervisory signal

NFPA Circuit Types

Notification Appliance Circuits (NAC)

A circuit or path directly connected to a notification

Fire Alarm Control Panel

How They Work - DC Devices

How They Work - DC Devices (Horns,

How They Work - AC Devices (Speakers)

How They Work - AC Devices (Speakers)