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Global Journal of researches in engineering

Electrical and electronics engineering

Volume 12 Issue 3 Version 1.0 March 2012


Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal
Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA)
Online ISSN: 2249-4596 & Print ISSN: 0975-5861

Analysis of a Standalone Photvoltaic Power Generation System


Using PVSYST Software
By Husnain-Al-Bustam, Md. Zakaria Mahbub, M. M. Shuvro Shahriar,
T.M. Iftakhar Uddin & Md. Abrar Saad
Islamic University of Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract - This paper represents mathematical and computational modeling of standalone PV


power generation system using the PVSYST software. This kind of solar energy utilizing system is
becoming more and more popular especially in the developing countries. The cost of electrical
energy produced by photovoltaic solar power generator can be reduced by the optimization of
panel tiling, the capitation area and the storage capacity. The main factor of this research work is
that our country Bangladesh is facing acute problem in the energy sector. According to the
expert opinion the reserve of natural gas may run out by 2015 and majority of the electricity is
produced in Bangladesh using the natural gas. So in near future, our only hope is the renewable
energy. This standalone PV power generation will be used in the home for the electrification
purpose. It will be useful in the rural areas, in remote islands and in time load shedding the urban
areas.

Keywords : Bangladeh, Computational, Mathematical, Modeling, Photovoltaic, Power, PVSYST,


Solar, Standalone.
GJRE-F Classification : FOR Code: 090607

Analysis of a Standalone Photvoltaic Power Generation System Using PVSYST Software


Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of:

2012 Husnain-Al-Bustam, Md. Zakaria Mahbub, M. M. Shuvro Shahriar, T.M. Iftakhar Uddin & Md. Abrar Saad. Benech.This is
a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any
medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Analysis of a Standalone Photvoltaic Power


Generation System Using PVSYST Software

Keywords : Bangladeh, Computational, Mathematical,


Modeling, Photovoltaic, Power, PVSYST, Solar,
Standalone.

I.

INTRODUCTION

he ever increasing energy consumption, the


soaring cost and the exhaustible nature of fossil
fuel, and the worsening global environment have
created increased interest in power generation systems.
Wind and solar power generation are two of the most
promising renewable power generation technologies.
The growth of wind and photovoltaic (PV) power
generation systems has exceeded the most optimistic
estimation [1,2,3]. Bangladesh is in the ideal position for
harnessing solar energy. Many photovoltaic systems
operate in a stand-alone mode. Such systems consist of

Author : Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Islamic


University of Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
E-mail : husnailb@gmail.com
Author : Department of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering,
Islamic University of Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
E-mail : zakariajon1313@gmail.com
Author : Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh
University of Engineering and Technology, Board Bazar, Gazipur1704. Bangladesh, Phone: +8801820555038
E-mail : suv921@gmail.edu
Author : Department of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering,
Islamic University of Technology, Board Bazar, Gazipur-1704.
Bangladesh, Phone: +8801915079106.
E-mail : tanvir1711@hotmail.com
Author : Department of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering,
Islamic University of Technology, Board Bazar, Gazipur-1704.
Bangladesh, Phone: +8801713075575,
E-mail : saad_mce@yahoo.com

a PV generator, energy storage (for example a battery),


AC and DC consumers and elements for power
conditioning. Per definition, a stand-alone system
involves no interaction with a utility grid. A PV generator
can contain several arrays. Each array is composed of
several modules, while each module is composed of
several solar cells. The battery bank stores energy when
the power supplied by the PV modules exceeds load
demand and releases it backs when the PV supply is
insufficient. The load for a stand-alone PV system can
be of many types, both DC (television, lighting) and AC
(electric motors, heaters, etc.). The power conditioning
system provides an interface between all the elements
of the PV system, giving protection and control. The
most frequently encountered elements of the power
conditioning system are blocking diodes, charge
regulators and DC-AC converters [4]. In the later part of
the paper we will discuss about the system defining
parameters, system architecture and performance
analysis. We actually represent the simulation result for
the proposed system. For the simulation purpose we
have used the PVSYST software which is very powerful
software for the renewable energy project simulation
and analysis. The graphs and tables that will depict in
the later portion of the paper had been generated while
doing the simulation.

a) Photovoltaic

PV effect is a basic physical process through


which solar energy is converted directly into electrical
energy. The physics of a PV cell, or a solar cell, is similar
to the classical p-n junction diode [6]. The relationship
between the output voltage V and the load current I of a
PV cell or a module can be expressed as [5, 6]
Here,
IL = light current of the PV cell (in amperes)
I0 = saturation current
I = load current
V = PV output voltage (in volts)
Rs / Series resistance of the PV cell (in ohms)
/ thermal voltage timing completion factor of the cell
(in volts).

2012 Global Journals Inc. (US)

Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( FD ) Volume XII Issue vIII Version I

Abstract - This paper represents mathematical and


computational modeling of standalone PV power generation
system using the PVSYST software. This kind of solar energy
utilizing system is becoming more and more popular
especially in the developing countries. The cost of electrical
energy produced by photovoltaic solar power generator can
be reduced by the optimization of panel tiling, the capitation
area and the storage capacity. The main factor of this research
work is that our country Bangladesh is facing acute problem in
the energy sector. According to the expert opinion the reserve
of natural gas may run out by 2015 and majority of the
electricity is produced in Bangladesh using the natural gas. So
in near future, our only hope is the renewable energy. This
standalone PV power generation will be used in the home for
the electrification purpose. It will be useful in the rural areas, in
remote islands and in time load shedding the urban areas.

March 2012

Husnain-Al-Bustam , Md. Zakaria Mahbub , M. M. Shuvro Shahriar , T.M. Iftakhar Uddin


& Md. Abrar Saad

Analysis of a Standalone Photvoltaic Power Generation System Using PVSYST Software

II.

MATHEMATICAL MODELING [4]

3) Short circuit current

a) Solar Cell Model

I sc = I ph

March 2012

c) Module model

Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( FD ) Volume XII Issue vIII Version I

Here,
m= idealizing factor
K= Boltzmanns gas constant
Tc= the absolute temperature of the cell
e= electronic charge
V= the voltage imposed across the cell
I0= the dark saturation current

Where,

1) Open Circuit Voltage

Where,

d) Voltage model
b) Maximum Power Point

Pmax = Imax * Vmax


1) Maximum efficency

Here,
= maximum efficiency
Ga= the ambient irradiation
A= the cell area
2) Fill factor

Here,
FF= Fill factor
2012 Global Journals Inc. (US)

Here,
E0= extrapolated voltage at zero current of a fully
charged battery
A= initial linear variation of internal battery voltage with
state of charge
X= normalized capacity removed from the battery at a
given discharge current

Here,
qmax(I)= capacity of the battery at each discharge
current I
qmax= maximum ampere-hour capcity
qout= amount of charge that has been removed by a
certain point

Analysis of a Standalone Photvoltaic Power Generation System Using PVSYST Software

Here,
Iac= the AC current of the load
Vac= the voltage of the load

f)

Inverter

SYSTEM DEFINING PARAMETERS

III.

a) Consumption
Consumption definition by year.
Name

Quantity

Power (W/app.)

Mean Daily Use


(h/day)

Daily Energy

Fluorescent Lamps
Fan
TV
Others

2
2
1
1

5
60
75
20

5
3
3
1

50
360
225
20

Table 1
Total Daily Energy = 655 Wh/day
Total Monthly Energy = 19.7 kWh/month

Figure-1 : Users Needs


Figure 1 : Users Needs
2012 Global Journals Inc. (US)

Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( FD ) Volume XII Issue vIII Version I

Here,
Idc= the current required by the inverter from the DC
side
Vdc= the input voltage for the input delivered by the DC
side

March 2012

e) Load

Analysis of a Standalone Photvoltaic Power Generation System Using PVSYST Software

b) Battery Set Selection


12 V, 103 Ah, 1 battery in series and 1 battery in parallel.
Battery Pack Voltage
Global Capacity
Stored Energy

The figure for the tracking two axis is depicted in the


figure-2.

12 V
103 Ah
1.2 kWh

Table 2
c) Module Selection

March 2012

24 Wp, 4V, 4 Modules in series

Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( FD) Volume XII Issue vIII Version I

10

Array Voltage (50 C)


Array Current
Array Nom. Power

Min. Tilt

100

Max. Tilt

800

Min. Azimuth

-800

Max. Azimuth

800

Table 6 : Rotating Limit Angles.

16.0 V
10.4 V
192 Wp

Table 3
d) Array Loss
1) Thermal Parameters

Thermal Loss Factor U = Uc + Uv * Wind Velocity


Constant Loss
Factor
Wind Loss
Factor

20.0 W/m2k
0.1
W/m2k/m/s

Table 4
a. Standard NOCT Factor
NOCT Coefficient 560C

Figure 2 : Tracking Two Axis

e) Ohomic Loss
Global Wiring
Resistance
Loss Fraction
at STC

26.7
mOhm
1.5%

b) Horizon
Latitude
Longitude
Altitude
Diffuse Factor
Albedo Fraction
Albedo Factor

Table 5
IV.

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

a) Orientation
Field type for the orientation is tracking two axis.

Figure 3 : Horizon Line Drawing

2012 Global Journals Inc. (US)

Table 7

23.50 N
90.20 E
8m
1.00
100%
1.00

Analysis of a Standalone Photvoltaic Power Generation System Using PVSYST Software

c) Near Shadings
Active Area
Fields Tilt
Fields Azimuth

Orientation/ System
2 m2
Tracking
Two-axis

Shadings
0 m2
Undefined
Undefined

March 2012

Table 8 : Compatibility with Orientation and System Parameter

Figure 4 : Near Shadings


d) System Design
System defining parameters are described in the section-2 in details. Here we are interested about only the
architecture that has been generated during the simulation process.

Figure 5 : System Architecture


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Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( FD ) Volume XII Issue vIII Version I

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Analysis of a Standalone Photvoltaic Power Generation System Using PVSYST Software

e) Loss of the System

March 2012

The following graph represents the fields thermal loss, Ohomic loss, Module Quality Mismatch and soling loss.

Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( FD ) Volume XII Issue vIII Version I

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Figure 6 : Loss of System

Figure 7 : Incident Angle Modifier


f)

Module Layout

Figure 8 : Module Layout


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Analysis of a Standalone Photvoltaic Power Generation System Using PVSYST Software

V.

SIMULATION RESULT

March 2012

a) Tables

13

Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( FD ) Volume XII Issue vIII Version I

Table 9 : Energy Use

Table 10 : Normalized Performance Coefficient

Table 11 : Battery Operation and Performance


2012 Global Journals Inc. (US)

March 2012

Analysis of a Standalone Photvoltaic Power Generation System Using PVSYST Software

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Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( FD ) Volume XII Issue vIII Version I

Table 12 : Losses in the PV System

Table 13 : Optical Factor

Table 14 : Meteo and Incident Energy


2012 Global Journals Inc. (US)

Analysis of a Standalone Photvoltaic Power Generation System Using PVSYST Software

March 2012

b) Grpahs

Figure 9 : Tracking Plane Tilt Vs. Tracking Plane Azimuth

Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( FD ) Volume XII Issue vIII Version I

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Figure 10 : Horizontal Global Irradiation Vs. Ambient Temp.

Figure 11 : Performance Ratio

Figure 12 : Array Power Distribution


2012 Global Journals Inc. (US)

March 2012

Analysis of a Standalone Photvoltaic Power Generation System Using PVSYST Software

Figure 13 : Daily I/P and O/P Diagram

Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( FD ) Volume XII Issue vIII Version I

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Figure 14 : System Loss Diagram


VI.

CONCLUSION

We have shown the simulation result throughout


the paper. From the simulation result we can say our
proposed model for standalone PV power generation
system is accurate and near to result from the
mathematical modeling. At present we are in the
fabrication stage of this research work and from the
market study we have found that we can fabricate this
system within $200 which is equal to 17,000 BDT. We
hope that this system will be blessing for the people of
Bangladesh.
2012 Global Journals Inc. (US)

References Rfrences Referencias


1. Global Wind 2007 report, Global Wind Energy
Council. [Online]. Available: http://www.gwec.net/
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TodayFederalWind
Power
2. Wind
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Apr. 2005.
3. Trends in Photovoltaic Applications: Survey Report
of Selected IEA Countries between 1992 and 2004,
International Energy Agency Photovoltaics

Analysis of a Standalone Photvoltaic Power Generation System Using PVSYST Software

March 2012

4. Anca D. Hansen, Poul Srensen, Lars H. Hansen


and Henrik Bindner, Models for a Stand-Alone PV
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