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Department of Electrical Engineering

Faculty of Engineering

Hydro power generation


KEEE3254: Energy Conversion & High Voltage
Power Transmission
Semester 1, 2014/15

KEEE3254 Sem. 1, 2014/15

Learning outcome:
In the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
Explain the operation of hydro power plant
Describe the components in hydro power plant
List examples of hydro power plant in the world

KEEE3254 Sem. 1, 2014/15

Overview of hydro power


Hydropower plants convert water energy into electricity.
The concept: water flowing through a dam turns a
turbine, which turns a generator, generating electricity.
The water in the reservoir is stored energy. When the
gates open, the water flowing through the penstock
becomes kinetic energy due to in motion.

Energy sources used to generate the worlds electricity

KEEE3254 Sem. 1, 2014/15

Hydro power plant

A hydro power plant


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KEEE3254 Sem. 1, 2014/15

Hydro power plant


Part

Functions

Dam

Holds back water, creating a large reservoir


(recreational lake).

Intake

Gravity pulls the water through the penstock


(pipeline). Water builds up pressure as it flows
through this pipe.

Turbine

The water strikes and turns the large blades of a


turbine, which is attached to a generator above it by
way of a shaft.

Generators

As the turbine blades turn, magnets inside the


generator rotate past copper coils, producing AC
voltage.

Transformer

Converts AC voltage to higher voltage.

Outflow

Used water reenters the river downstream.


The amount of electricity generated depends on
volume of water flow.

KEEE3254 Sem. 1, 2014/15

The Shaft and generator

Generator
Shaft
Turbine

Shaft that connects the turbine and


generator

Generator
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Bakun dam (2400 MW)

Temenggor dam (348 MW)

Chenderoh dam (40.5 MW)

Kenyir dam (400 MW)

KEEE3254 Sem. 1, 2014/15

Examples of hydro power plant (local)

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Type of hydro power plant


High head hydro
power plant:
Advantages?
Disadvantages?

Low head hydro


power plant:
Advantages?
Disadvantages?

KEEE3254 Sem. 1, 2014/15

Pumped storage hydropower plant


In a conventional hydropower plant, the water from the
reservoir flows through the plant, exits and is carried down
stream.
A pumped-storage plant has two reservoirs:
Upper reservoir: A dam creates a reservoir. The water in this
reservoir flows through the plant to create electricity.
Lower reservoir: Water exiting the hydropower plant flows
into a lower reservoir rather than re-entering the river and
flowing downstream.
Using a reversible turbine, the plant can pump water back to the
upper reservoir. The second reservoir refills the upper reservoir.
By pumping water back to the upper reservoir, the plant has
more water to generate electricity during periods of peak
consumption.

KEEE3254 Sem. 1, 2014/15

Hydro power plants in Malaysia


Sungai Perak hydroelectric scheme, with 1249
MW installed capacity:
Sultan Azlan Shah Bersia Power Station 72 MW
Chenderoh Power Station 40.5 MW
Sultan Azlan Shah Kenering Power Station 120
MW
Sungai Piah Upper Power Station 14.6 MW
Sungai Piah Lower Power Station 54 MW
Temenggor Power Station 348 MW
Sultan Ismail Petra Power Station 600 MW

Cameron Highlands hydroelectric


scheme, with 262 MW installed
capacity:
Sultan Yusof Jor Power Station 100 MW
Sultan idris Woh Power Station 150 MW
Odak Power Station 4.2 MW
Habu Power Station 5.5 MW
Kampong Raja Power Station 0.8 MW
Kampong Terla Power Station 0.5 MW
Robinson Falls Power Station 0.9 MW

Sabah and Sarawak:


Bakun Dam 2400 MW
Batang Ai Dam at Lubok Antu, Sarawak 25 MW
Tenom Pangi Dam at Tenom, Sabah 66 MW

Terengganu hydroelectric scheme:


Sultan Mahmud Power Station (Kenyir
dam) 400 MW

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Ust Ilimskaya,
Russia (4300 MW)

Mica Dam, Canada


(2.1 GW)

Three Gorges Dam, China


(22.5 GW)

Grand Coulee Dam, USA


(6800 MW)

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Examples of hydro power plant (int.)

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KEEE3254 Sem. 1, 2014/15

Three Gorges Dam, China


Dam (largest in the world):
Type of dam Gravity dam
Height
181 m (594 ft)
Length
2,335 m (7,661 ft)
Crest width 40 m (131 ft)
Base width 115 m (377 ft)
Impounds
Yangtze River

Yangtze River

Power station:
Turbines

32 700 MW
2 50 MW
Installed capacity
22.5 GW
Capacity factor
0.45
Annual generation 80 TWh
Net generation
556 TWh

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