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ABSTRACT
Dental caries, a progressive bacterial damage to teeth, is one of the most common diseases that
affects 95% of the population and is still a major cause of tooth loss. Unfortunately, there is
currently no highly sensitive and specific clinical means for its detection in its early stages. The
accurate detection of early caries in enamel would be of significant clinical value. Since, it is
possible to reverse the process of decay therapeutically at this stage, i.e. operative intervention might
be avoided. Caries diagnosis continues to be a challenging task for the dental practitioners.
Researchers are developing tools that are sensitive and specific enough for the current presentation
of caries. These tools are being tested both in vitro and in vivo; however, no single method will
allow detection of caries on all tooth surfaces. Therefore, the purpose of the present review was to
evaluate different caries diagnostic methods.
INTRODUCTION
A diagnostic method for dental caries
cavitations. Unfortunately,
none of the
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Khaleis et al.
Dental Caries
(1)
dental
caries
diagnostic
methods
available including:
undetectable
subsurface
of
whether
radiographically
will
(eventually)
become
clinically
Temporary
and shape.
and
the
probe
for
detailed
practice
worldwide.
Although
of
posterior
approximal
and
occlusal lesions.
A major shortcoming is this method was very
limited for detecting noncavitated lesions in
dentin or posterior proximal and occlusal
surfaces.
elective
tooth
separation,
study,
Sheehy performed
(4)
On
Khaleis et al.
Dental Caries
(5)
METHODS
Fiber
optic
transillumination
(FOTI)
(6)
bluish shadows.
(7)
with histology.
(8)
imaging
and
novel
surface.
system
optical
for
the
detection
instrument,
capable
of
In
addition,
the surface.
another
possible
diagnostic
practitioner.
Digital
information
for
general
(9)
Imaging
(10)
One
Optic
examination
for
detecting
occlusal
lesions
interproximal,
and
surfaces.(11)
on
smooth
Khaleis et al.
Dental Caries
pathogenic bacteria.
(10)
occlusal caries.
detector
tactile
explorer.
dye
examination
versus
using
traditional
a
dental
(13)
analysis, we can
(14)
FLUORESCENT METHODS
(QLF)
utilizes
655-nm
1-mW
laser
diode
Khaleis et al.
Dental Caries
Detector
and
and
this
fluorescence
between 0-99.
(15)
is
detected
(Massachusetts
Manufacturing
radiographic
measured
examination.
So,
the
conductance,
which
was
detection.
(16-18)
ELECTRICAL
CONDUCTANCE
MEASUREMENTS (ECM)
The idea of an electrical method of caries
both
alternating
respectively.
vanguard
traditional
means
of
diagnosing
fissure
caries. (19)
systems
used
voltage,
25Hz
Moisture
system
low-
to
and
frequency-
and
saliva
prevent
400Hz,
were
surface
Khaleis et al.
Dental Caries
primary teeth.
(17)
(22, 23)
demineralization
to
be
detected
in
Clifton
detection
during
thorough
clinical
et
al.
used
multidirectional
examination.
difficult
to
detect
with
radiographs,
of dental caries.
techniques,
interproximal
of
and
occlusal
(20)
surfaces
of
However, Virajsilp
resolution
screen-film
and
and
enhanced
contrast
digital
caries
Khaleis et al.
Dental Caries
(25)
(1)
Digital radiography
The use of digital radiography addresses
two
In addition, Alkurt MT
detection.
(26)
(XMT),
of
imaging,
known
as
transmission
tuned
aperture
CT. (27)
X-ray microtomography
computed
measure
microtomography
histomorphometry.
of
bone
we
quality.
can
form
Using
three-
(28)
Khaleis et al.
Dental Caries
necessary
of
other
authors
for
interproximal
improved
caries
dentoalveolar
as
conditions.
detection
well
as
The
(29)
Transverse microadiography(TMR)
(30)
resolution
performed automatically.
(TACT)
film
(29)
Khaleis et al.
Dental Caries
exploits
ability to
detect
anatomically
and
localize
significant
disease,
structures
and
the
measurement
potential
of
intelligence
some
of
and
currently
available
influence
graphic
of
the
conventional
current
dental
in
ways
limitations
technologies
that
can
software
visualization
(Logicon
of
the
size
caries
and
motionless
individual
measure.
the
only during
signal-to-noise
interactively
examination.
to
ratio
the
each
to
needs
be
tuned
of
the
(31)
(33)
(34)
detection
by
tuned
aperture
intraoral
TACT,
It
was
and
extraoral
film
radiography.
(32)
areas
of
teeth.
Terahertz
systems
are
(CARM)
Khaleis et al.
Dental Caries
are
beyond
levels.
simply
measuring
mineralization
(35)
orders
of
magnitude
smaller
than
imaging
transmission
for
depth
was
caries diagnosis.
(TPI)
microradiography
concluded
with
(TMR)
that
TPI
measured
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