ES 20080101 Jan 2008

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Engineered Systems
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PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS FOR INNOVATIVE HVACR MECHANICAL SYSTEMS ENGINEERS
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15 00
Engineered Systems
Click Here to Barndoor
Vol.25 No.1 January 2008
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Partner with the company that speaks your language.
heres a reason why engineers and contractors

turn to Taco for answers: we speak their language.
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H O S T
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contents
FEATURES
Times
38 Sign Of The Tim
January
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2008
COVER STORY

38
The ability to go off-grid when it wants and

an a sophisticated daylighting system coordinated to heighten HVAC performance are just two
exceptional components of the mixed-use building
buildin now housing The New
York Times, not to mention Manhattans first high-rise
UFAD system.
hig
by Joanna Turpin
Profiles In S
Safety
Digging For Gold In The Park
50
A Chelsea high-rise m
must meet a towering array of life safety
command center requires heavily
code requirements. A nondescript
nond
integrated fire/smoke control
control, security, and HVAC. And a Brooklyn data
center wanted a modern fire suppression approach but faced a code
requiring sprinklers. Whether literally high-profile or anonymous, NYC
projects are navigating a maze of constraints.
by Barry Campbell
65
These Battery Park condos

con face both the Hudson River and tough
neighborhood sustainability standards. This article focuses on heat
pump selection and benefits
benefits, from minimizing noise to giving each
family accountability for cons
conserving energy.
by John Vastyan
BUILDING AUTOMATION
BUILDIN
Building Aut
Automation Reflection
And Projecti
Projections
AHR EXPO PRODUCTS

Attention HV
HVAC Shoppers!
44
Ken Sinclair, editor and own

owner of AutomatedBuildings.com, provides a
reflected review of a very exciting
excitin year in the building automation industry, as
well as some crystal-ball gazing about what to expect for 2008.
by Ken Sinclair
58
Read these new-produ

new-product summaries and do a little recon about
your convention center dance card. Pack this
which booths to put on you
along with your comfy shoes, and youll be ready to roam the aisles.
Compiled by ES Staff
AI
A
IR DISTRIBUTION/HYDRONICS
DISTRIBUT
AIR
Congregations In Comfort
Congregation
72
Placement of air returns for
fo an unusually shaped space noise levels
a tight budget these are issues for places of worship. Take a few lessons and earn praise instead of prayers for a better system.
by John S. Clark, P.E.
CHILLER RET
RETROFITS / PUMPS
Forecast: 70F
70 And 50% RH ...
Again ... And Again, And ...

76
Chiller plant retrofits are common.

comm Reliability issues created by using water
brought in from the Tidal Basin are not. A special vacuum priming system
and a chilled-water jockey pump
pum arent exactly commonplace, either. See an
interesting design for a project framed
by a number of unusual restrictions.
f
by Calvin Witt, P.E.

81
VAV
System And Green Design Part 1
VAV Systems
In this forthright first ins

installment, the author makes the argument that VAV as
practiced for the last 50 yea
years has become not only outdated but unable to keep
up with the standards that ar
are supposed to guide it. On the upside, we may be on
the cusp of a new, high-effici
high-efficiency era.
by Mark S. Lentz, P.E.
DEPARTMENTS
Advertiser Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Back2Basics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Building Automation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Case In Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Classifieds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Commissioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Editors Note. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Efficiency Incentives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Energy Wiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
HVAC Challenge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
HVACR Designer Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
HydroTech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Issues & Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Tomorrows Engineer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
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ESonline

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1,800 ENGINEERS CANT BE WRONG! Did you miss either of our
recent webinars? Our first Back2Basics webinar and our Greening HVAC
In Data Centers event both drew great audiences. But its not too late you
can still register and watch the webinars in our archives at your leisure. Visit
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NEW YEAR, NEW COLUMNS Find new attractions HydroTech (our

new hydronics column by John Kuempel Jr., P.E.) and Efficiency Incentives
(rebates, motors, drives, and more!) by Mark Jewell in our monthly online
offering right along with the usual suspects.
IAQ AND CONTROLS NEWSLETTERS HAVE LAUNCHED! Weve
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Robert Liska
In the November 2007 issue, System Sensors CO1224 CO detector was

misidentified. Engineered Systems regrets the error.
List Manager
e-mail robert.liska@edithroman.com
___________ phone 800-223-2194 x. 726
EScover

There are several million stories in the big city. We dont
have room for them all. However, a few have to do with
modern urban HVAC concerns, a strikingly sustainable
high-rise housing one of the nations major newspapers,
and more. Start on page 38 with Joanna Turpins tour of
The New York Times new digs, then move on to Barry
Campbells survey of life safety and more on page 50.
Cover photo by David Sundberg/Esto.
Cover design by Jake Needham.
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EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD

Lee Armey Shambaugh & Sons Inc.
Andrew C. sk, P.E. Consulting Engineer
Victor Atherton University of Miami
John C. Brady, P.E. ChevronTexaco
John M. Cheney, Jr., P.E., FPE, Hayes, Seay, Mattern & Mattern
Robert Cowan, P.E. Premier, Inc.
Kevin Dickens, P.E. Jacobs Facilities, Inc.
Paul Ehrlich, P.E. Building Intelligence Group
Rebecca T. Ellis, P.E. Questions & Solutions Engineering
Jennifer Fair, P.E. PSA Consulting Engineers
Ron S. Gupta, AIA Parsons Power Group Inc.
Philip Leader, P.E. Albert Kahn Associates, Inc.

Evans J. Lizardos, P.E. Lizardos Engineering Associates, P.C.
Jack Mc Gowan, CEM Energy Control, Inc.
Howard McKew, P.E., Richard D. Kimball, Inc.
John S. Nelson, P.E. Affiliated Engineers, Inc.
James B. (Burt) Rishel, P.E. Pumping Solutions, LLC
Gideon Shavit, Ph.D. CONTROL emPOWERment
Ken Sinclair AutomatedBuildings.com
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Grant N. Wichenko, P.E. Appin Associates, Inc.
ENGINEERED SYSTEMS (ISSN 0891-9976) is published 12 times annually, monthly, by BNP Media, 2401
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January 2008
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If GE Zoneline units didnt work so well,

we wouldnt keep specifying them.
In fact, one of our properties still has the same GE Zoneline units
that were installed in 1977, says Buddy Penn, Director of Engineering
for Musselman Hotels, LLC. We keep them clean and well-maintained
and theyre still running smoothly and quietly. Thats why we choose
GE Zoneline units for our newest hotels.
GE Zoneline packaged terminal air

conditioning systems.
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EditorsNote
BY ROBERT BEVERLY
ROLL Call
Awash in new talent, we bring good tidings for a new year.
Did you already read some other

stuff inside first? And are you
wandering back here now, wondering whats up with the columnists that
you didnt recognize and thinking maybe
the Editors Note has some sort of explanation? Well, its funny you should ask
NOT EXACTLY ROOKIES
John Kuempel, Jr., P.E. and Mark Jewell are
new to the pages of ES, but they are far from
new to the subject matter at hand.
Kuempel is VP for design-build at DeBraKuempel in Cincinnati. If youve paid much
attention to ASHRAE sessions in past years,
you may recognize his name as a regular presenter. Beyond participating in those seminars
on a range of topics, he has also served on various ASHRAE technical committees.
His first role for ES, however, will come in
the form writing his HydroTech column.
Hydronics has generated more and more positive feedback for us over the past year or two,
and as an established technology that can find
some new life as an old-school green solution in todays environment, it will likely only
attract more interest.
Kuempels breadth of knowledge spans well
beyond the realm of hydronics and we hope
to recruit him for the occasional feature on
other topics as time goes on but in the meantime, HydroTech represents a valuable addition to our lineup. We suspect youll feel the
same way after checking it out, starting with
this months look at expansion tanks.
Meanwhile, Mark Jewell joins the ranks of
entrepreneurs on the ES contributor roster.
Jewell founded RealWinWin, consulting to
help clients get the most out of their energy efficiency opportunities. Previously, he authored a
very popular rebate column for another BNP
Media magazine, Energy & Power Management
(which has since evolved into Mission Critical
Magazine).
Likewise, Jewells Efficiency Incentives column represents an evolution from a basic table
format into a combination of easily digestible
data and additional insights that will prove
valuable for owners and facilities who might
ES
Engineered Systems
actually like to get paid for investing in equipment that would save them money anyway.
Efficiency Incentives will appear quarterly,
whenever motors and drives are on our editorial
calendar. However, there is money to be saved
and/or made via rebates and incentives beyond
that category, and you can expect a broader
range of tips as such circumstances arise, too.
We extend a hearty welcome to Mssrs.
Kuempel and Jewell, and we thank them for
coming on board to expand the core of good,
practical information we offer to you. Add Paul
Ehrlich and Ira Goldschmidt at the helm of the
Building Automation column, as mentioned
last month, and the new years fresh perspectives in these pages are matched only by the
know-how of the authors.
BACK2BASICS WEBINAR,
VOLUME 2
Several hundred readers checked out the
Back2Basics Webinar Series maiden voyage.
Have you registered for the second installment?
Stop in this month to sign up and jot down a
couple of questions for the live Q&A segment.
The early February event will be here in no
time, but on the good side, its still free; details
are in the calendar listing to the right.
ONE MORE NEW FACE
Kevin Heslin crafts the editorial lineup for the
aforementioned Mission Critical Magazine, a
sister publication of ours. As especially dedicated
readers may have noticed, weve ratcheted up
our own mission critical coverage for this year,
offering not one but two issues with that theme.
Which makes it all the more convenient that
Kevin is joining us as a contributing editor.
Data centers, in particular, continue to be
perhaps the hottest application topic around,
but Heslins experience with the subject matter
will no doubt help you keep your cool in the
face of ever-increasing loads. Hell be around
in the meantime, but dont miss his contributions when the topic comes up. As the old saying almost went, the computer room you save
could be your own. ES
Free ES Events
FEBRUARY 6
Back2Basics Webinar Series, Vol. 2
Howard McKew, P.E. and Amanda
McKew
For info, visit www.esmagazine.com
and click on Webinars.
APRIL 2-3
Green Intelligent Buildings
Conference
Co-sponsored by LonMark and CABA.
Baltimore.
For info, visit www.greenintelligent_____________
buildings.com/conference.
_______________
APRIL 10
Webinar Controlling Humidity In
Schools
Thomas H. Durkin, P.E.
Sponsored by Applied Air (a division
of Mestek).
For info, visit www.esmagazine.com
and click on Webinars.
Calendar of Events
For more events and
details, visit ESOnline at
www.esmagazine.com.
JANUARY 19-23
ASHRAE 2008 Annual Meeting
American Society of Heating,
Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning
Engineers
New York.
For info, visit www.ashrae.org.
JANUARY 22-24
AHR Expo
International Exposition Company
New York.
For info, visit www.ahrexpo.com.
MARCH 2-7
2008 AMCA Intrnl. Spring Meetings
Air Movement & Control Assoc. Intrnl.
Las Vegas.
For info, visit www.amca.org.
January 2008
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2007 Johnson Controls, Inc.
Engineered Systems
We view buildings and technology as one.

For the perfect synthesis of buildings and technology, look no further. Johnson Controls gives you a single point
of responsibility. Making even complex technology simple. Scalable and exible, we offer network integration
systems that fold voice, data, security, HVAC, IT and specialty systems into one. We can provide the full system
or just deliver the pieces. In fact, the only thing we dont deliver is worry. For more information, or to nd a
representative, visit www.johnsoncontrols.com.
FREE INFO: 102 AHR Show Booth 1559 & 1659
Integrated HVAC Systems | Building Management Systems | Technical Building Services | Industrial & Commercial Refrigeration | Energy Efciency & Sustainable Solutions | Global WorkPlace Solutions | Security & Fire Safety
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Letters
Sensing an opportunity
After reading Howard McKews Tomorrows Engineer column in
Engineered Systems magazine about the building industry providing
more leadership of the green initiative (Green Initiative and More
On Leadership, October 2007, page 94), I thought you might find
G.E. Sensings new CO2-based ventilation control in educational
facilities webpage useful (www.gesensing.com/market/education.htm).
Many schools across the U.S. are using CO2 control for the risk
reduction and energy savings. In fact, we have identified schools as
one of the fastest growing applications for CO2 strategies. The reason
for this is that the benefits closely align with the issues facing school
systems ... conserving energy, reducing risk, improving student performance, etc.
Being the leading manufacturer of CO2 sensors, it is our job to
expand the market. The reason we created our webpage was to aid the
controls companies, many of who are our customers, in selling CO2based ventilation control as a part of their overall system.
Other resources we found on CO2 control were targeted toward
engineers and weighted down with technical jargon, etc. So, we saw
a need for a clear, easy-to-understand explanation of CO2 controls
benefits because few people understand all of them. Information like
our white paper can be given to school officials to raise awareness for
this control strategy.
As the need for better energy efficiency grows, the use of CO2based ventilation control strategies will continue growing and will
open up additional opportunities in new and retrofit buildings for
limited control systems like you those mentioned in your message.

For instance, there are tens of thousands of installed portable classrooms in need of ventilation control and improved energy efficiency.
While GE Sensing will not be manufacturing or selling the control
system for these applications, our CO2 sensors will play a vital role in
the energy payback calculations for our customers systems.
John Welch
GE Sensing
Sales Engineer
Telaire Products
Sparta, TN
McKew replies:
I have been seeing more and more CO2 strategies being used in
school projects, as well as in other projects to reduce energy while
maintaining good ventilation. The problem I see with systems such
as yours and others is the control companies come in with their own
CO2 controls as part of their central control system, and as a result,
individual CO2 systems struggle to compete because you are providing limited controls when looking at the entire building system.
I dont know if you have experienced this issue when competing. I
think on energy retro-commissioning jobs, an add-on CO2 system
without the large control company participation may be the best spot
to market this system.
_________________
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Back 2 Basics
Based on Cx-3 ATC/FPT software
BY HOWARD MCKEW, P.E., C.P.E.
This
Th
i Back2Basics
Back2Basiccs series
serrie
ies will focus on engine
engineering,
eerring, constructin
constructing,
ng,
g
mall
and
an
nd operating an HVAC
HVA
VAC
C system serving a typical strip mal
a l retain
al
r ta
re
t in
store. Approximatelyy 70% of HVAC systems are decen
decentralized,
store
ntral
tralized
tr
all
and
for this application, this HVAC system is a standard de-centralized
system installation. Retail applications include small stores, discount
and supercenter stores, supermarkets, department stores, convenience
centers, regional shopping centers, and multiple-use complexes.
For additional information refer to the 2007 ASHRAE Handbook
Applications, Chapter 2, Retail Facilities. where the designer will find
design considerations, etc. Other ASHRAE Handbook references include
the 2008 ASHRAE Handbook HVAC Systems and Equipment, specifically Chapters 1,HVAC System Analysis and Selection and Chapter
9, Design of Small Forced-Air Heating and Cooling Systems.
Owners Project Requirements and Basis

of Design
For this three-month series, we will be basing the discussion and tests
around a split-system providing minimum outdoor air, 30% filter,
barometric relief economizer control, single zone gas-fired heater, DX
cooling, and supply fan, sized as follows:
3,000-sq-ft store
40 Btuh/sq ft
120,000 Buth heating output and 150,000 Btuh input
150 cubic feet of gas at 0.4 in. gas pressure
400 sq ft/ton
7.5 tons cooling with one compressor and two stages of capacity control
1.25 cfm/sq ft
3,750 cfm supply air at 2.25 in. total s.p.
20% minimum outdoor air (600 cfm)
No equipment redundancy
System Distribution
Low pressure supply and return air
Constant volume supply air
Design Criteria
100F discharge air, heating season
55 discharge air, cooling season
5 outdoor air, heating season
85 outdoor air, cooling season
70 space temperature, occupied period in heating season
60 space temperature, unoccupied period in heating season
76 space temperature, occupied period in cooling season
82 space temperature, unoccupied period in cooling season
Occupancy shall be Sunday through Saturday, 6 a.m. to 11 p.m.
Unoccupied cycle shall be Sunday through Saturday, 11 p.m. to 6 a.m.
No space humidity control
No space pressure control
BAS
BA
AS Co
C
Control
nttro
roll and
an
nd Monitoring
Mo
oni
nitoring
ng P
Poi
Points
oint
oi
nts
nt
s
OA
OATT-1
OATT
TT-1
TT
-11 outdoor
out
u do
oor
o air tempe
temperature
pera
pe
ratu
ra
tu
ure transmi
transmitter
mitt
mi
tteer (drybulb
tt
b an
aand
nd wetbulb)
MAT
MAT-11 mixed
mi ed air
aiir temperature
t mp
perrat
a r transmitter
tr nsm
s itt r
TT-1 discharge air temperature transmitter
TT-2 return air temperature transmitter (drybulb and wetbulb)
ST-1 space temperature transmitter
SD-1 duct smoke detector
Security Considerations
None.
Facility Management
Annual service contract for PM workorders
Remote monitoring as part of service contract for alarms
Third-Party Commissioning and TAB

Engineering in the Design Phase
The commissioning engineer should review the OPR (owners proj-
ect requirements) and BofD (Basis of Design) for the specific design
requirements and for project compliance.
The TAB engineer should review the design engineers construction
documents prior to issuing the contract documents for bid to ensure
there are adequate flowmeters, volume dampers, and balancing valves
to achieve air and water balancing.
The TAB engineer will write the TAB plan and incorporate it into
Division 19000 of the contract specification.
Engineering in the Design Phase

Capacities, distribution, and sustainability can be roughed in using
past experience and rules of thumb to begin the process and then
firmed up later with actual calculations and equipment selections.
Next, the designer should always start the concept with a system
flow diagram (i.e., Cx-3 ATC/FPT software program) along with the
associated sequence of operation.
Refer to HVACR Designers Tips for the HVAC Strip Mall-Retail
Space checklist for additional information.
Refer to the March 2008 Application Checklist for additional system selection information.
Design Consideration Pitfalls

When laying out the roof-mounted air cooled condensing unit loca-
tion, take into account access to the roof for routine maintenance
and safety precautions relative to roof surface (slopped, smooth/
slippery surface, etc.) and distance from edge of building.
Location of outdoor air intake louver should take into account
potential location of trash dumpster (odors), and flue gas from gas
furnace, and security (illegal access through removal of louver).
Sustainability Considerations
Consider completing a life-cycle energy simulation to select the
optimum system and to obtain up to 10 LEED credit points.

Complete prerequisite commissioning along with additional LEED
credit for enhanced commissioning.

8
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En gi n e e r e d Sy stem s
Engineered Systems
January 2008
BEMaGS
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Engineered Systems
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Test 230 HVAC STRIP MALL RETAIL STORE

MONITORING
OPENMINIMUM
CC-1
GB-1
F-1
AHU-1
MONITORING
Outdoor Air
MAT-1
OAT-1
MONITORING
OAD-1
TT-1
SD-1
MONITORING
MONITORING
OFF
ON
OFF
ST-1
RAD-1
OPENMAXIMUM
POSITION
MONITORING
ACCU-1
TT-2
Return Air
MONITORING
EAD-1
OFF
BAS Computer
CLOSED
Exhaust Air
AHU-1 Retail Store

Device
ACCU-1
EAD-1
Tag
ACCU-1
Description
Air cooled condenser unit
Mode:
Reaction
Off
On,
On,
On,
On,
first stage
full capacity
energy monitored
run-hrs monitoring
Status
On, maximum cooling On, minimum cooling

2
Result
Status
3
Result
Status
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Exhaust damper
Closed
Modulating
X
X
X
X
X
X
OAD-1
Outside air damper
Closed
Open, minimum
Modulating
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
RAD-1
Return air damper
Open, maximum position

Open, modulating
Closed
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
AHU-1
Supply fan
Off
On
On, energy monitoring
On, run-hrs monitoring
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
F-1
Filter
No signal, no flow
Monitoring
In alarm, dirty filter
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
GB-1
Gas burner
Off
On
Cycling on and off
On,energy monitoring
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
CC-1
DX coil
Off
On, first stage
On, full capacity
Cycling on and off
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
BAS
ATC computer
Off
On monitoring
Signaling an alarm
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
MAT-1
Mixed air temp transmitter
No signal
Monitoring
In alarm
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
OAT-1
Outside air temp transmitter
No signal
Monitoring
In alarm
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
SD-1
Smoke detector
No signal
Monitoring
In alarm
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
ST-1
Space thermostat
No signal
Monitoring
In alarm
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
TT-1
Discharge temp transmitter
No Signal
Monitoring
In alarm
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
TT-2
Return air temp transmitter
No signal
Monitoring
In alarm
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
AHU-1
F-1
GB-1
CC-1
Off
EAD-1
OAD-1
RAD-1
Status:
MAT-1
OAT-1
SD-1
ST-1
TT-1
TT-2
ANSWERS:
Result
TO VIEW AND DOWNLOAD THIS MONTH'S ANSWERS, VISIT WWW.ESMAGAZINE.COM.

_____________________
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Engineered Systems
9
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Engineered Systems
ake the HVAC

TCHALLENGE
BY STEVEN
STE
ST
TEVEN G. LIESCHEIDT,
LIESCHEI
HEI
EIDT,
DT,
D
T, P.E.,
P.E., CSI-CCS,
CSI-C
CS
I-CCS,
C CCPR
CS,
CCPR
R
Room Air Distribution Equipment
BEMaGS
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3 T
3.
Th
The
he level of this from
m an air outlet is largely a
ch
ha
function of its disch
discharge
velocity and transstem
em
e
m no
mission of syst
system
noise.
4. This type of g
gr
rille iis similar to an adjustgrille
able-deflect
cttio
io grille
ion
able-deflection
grille, except that the vanes,
bla
ades
de , o
ars ar
are
en
blades,
orr b
bars
not adjustable.
5. This typ
y
ype
yp
o
of di
diffu
ff ser is constructed with a
type
diffuser
backp
kpan that
kp
that in
includ
backpan
includes a duct collar and a
sin
in
ngle
gle pl
plaqu
aque
e that
that fo
fforms the diffusers face.
single
plaque
6. The
6.
The de
depos
positi
ition
on of d
deposition
dirt particle on the air
outtlet
ett o
orr a sur
su
fac
ace
ac
en
e the outlet.
outlet
surface
near
7
h se
e a
aii ou
air
outle
utle
tl ts in
nt
nt
7.. The
These
outlets
introduce
air into a condition
o ed
on
d space to o
ditioned
obtain a desired indoor
en
nviron
atmospheric env
environment.
11. This type of grille is available for various levels of tamper resistance and access through
the grille.
13. This type of damper is a single-blade device
hinged at one edge and is usually located at
the branch connections of a duct or outlet.
15. An airflow rate adjuster installed either directly on the rear of a linear diffuser outlet at the
entrance to the outlet plenum or remotely
near the branch-trunk duct junction.
To brush up on the facts behind this months
clues, refer to Chapter 17 (Room Air Distribution
Equipment) in the 2004 ASHRAE Handbook
Systems and Equipment.
Liescheidt is a sales
engineer with Langendorf Supply Co., Inc. in
St. Louis, MO. E-mail
him at __________
stevel@lsco-inc.
com.
___
Can't wait until next issue?
ACROSS
4. These terminal units are used in primarysecondary HVAC systems as secondarylevel air handlers.
8. The greater this differential is between the
supply air projected into a space and the
air in the space, the greater the buoyancy
effect on the supply airstream.
9. This effect is commonly referred to as the
surface or ceiling effect, and it counteracts the drop of a horizontally projected
cool airstream.
10. This type of damper consists of a series
of parallel blades mounted inside a round
or square frame, and is installed in the diffuser collar or the takeoff.
12. This type of blade allows movement to
change the horizontal and/or vertical airflow direction depending on whether it is a
single or double deflection-type grille.
14. This type of diffuser typically has a free
area of about 50%, tends to cost less
than other air devices, and tends to create
a slightly higher pressure drop and more
sound than other square ceiling diffusers.
16. This airflow entrains room air into the jet
10
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Engineered Systems
from the supply air outlet.

17. This type of linear diffuser is an elongated air outlet and is available with single
or multiple linear openings and is commonly used to achieve a long continuous
appearance.
18. This type of linear grille has multiples of
this fixed in its face and normally running
parallel to the length of the outlet, either
straight or angled.
19. This type of diffuser has a series of flaring
concentric or expanding truncated conical rings.
Then check out the answers for

this month's "HVAC Challenge"
online as well as past puzzles at
www.esmagazine.com.
Solution to Decembers
HVAC Challenge
DOWN
1. This type of grille is used to transfer air to
or from darkrooms and have bars that are
painted black and form a labyrinth.
2. Outlets where this characteristic is high
can also be used advantageously in A/C
systems with low supply air temperatures and consequent high temperature
differentials between the room air and
supply air.
January 2008
BEMaGS
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Engineered Systems
BEMaGS
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We think its great that so many companies are jumping onto the Green
bandwagon. But at Ductmate, maximizing energy efficiency has been our
credo for more than thirty years. Since our inception, weve been
engineering, patenting and manufacturing duct system components
that meet our own low-leakage standards. Thats why so many of our
products help your system meet todays most stringent Green Building and
LEED requirements.
All of Ductmates patented connection systems are self-sealing, so you never
have to worry about leakage. We offer a complete line of low-VOC sealants,
and our gaskets wont off-gas. Ductmate is also proud to present our
exclusive GreenSeam technology, a unique, self-sealing snap-pipe with an
integrated gasket that seals the entire length of the longitudinal seam.
At Ductmate, were always developing new and improved solutions to make
our planet a little bit greener. We always knew our engineers were smart.
We just didnt know they were ahead of their time. To learn more, give us a
call at 1-800-245-3188, or visit our Online Information Center at
www.ductmate.com.
GreenSeams
integrated gasket
provides an airtight
seal without the
need for sealants.
One Source. Infinite Solutions.
800-245-3188 www.ductmate.com
ES
Engineered Systems
FREE INFO: 118
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CaseInPoint
Internet-based controls eliminate
boiler headaches and labor
Sometimes a heating problem isnt so much mechanical as it

is geographical. Just ask James Marsanico, general manager for
Clearview Gardens, a sprawling 88-acre garden apartment complex
in the Whitestone neighborhood of Queens, NY.
According to Marsanico, sheer acreage has always been his toughest challenge at this 1,788-unit complex, with its 35 separate boiler
rooms. Over the years, Heat-Timer Corporation has helped Marsanico overcome this challenge by introducing him to its latest innovations in controls and communication.
BACK IN THE DAY

Clearview Gardens relationship with Heat-Timer began in the
1980s when excessive thermal shock, caused by manual on/off control of heating pumps, was costing the company thousands of dollars in boiler repair. Heat-Timer helped resolve these problems by
installing motorized valves and hot water reset (HWR) controls. The
HWR controls helped resolve the boiler problems by operating the
system based on outdoor air temperature, as opposed to an indoor
thermostat reading. This reduced the excessive on/off action of the
pumps, and saved Clearview Gardens signicantly in boiler maintenance.
When Heat-Timer rst introduced Remote Communications in the
1980s, Clearview Gardens was one of the rst complexes to use it. For
the rst time, personnel could monitor boiler systems in all 38 boiler
rooms via phone line connection without physically traveling to each
site. They could now access the boiler controls from a computer in their
main ofce. Operations were further enhanced when Heat-Timer introduced a WindowsTM based upgrade called Visual Gold.
Marsanico was eager to try this upgrade, which allowed him to
view and manipulate his boiler systems using user-friendly graphics as opposed to DOS-based commands. Visual Gold also provided
easy-to-read charts and history reports that facilitated troubleshooting and temperature verication.
The best part was that a picture of the control actually popped
up on the computer screen, so it was like you were actually in the
boiler room, said Marsanico.
INTERNET-BASED SYSTEM
Visual Gold was a powerful tool for multi-building property owners in the 1990s. For the rst time, Clearview Gardens was able to
monitor boiler systems, change settings, troubleshoot problems, and
access operational and temperature histories from a single modem
connection. Still, monitoring dozens of buildings via phone lines
was time consuming.
Clearview Gardens improvised by installing a monitoring system
that routed all alarms to a central board in the main ofce. If an alarm
status occurred, it triggered a main relay that would light up the board
to alert security to send maintenance to check out the problem. The
alarms did not relay any specic information about the problem, and
the system was often in disrepair due to the phone line connections.
These and other problems were fully resolved with the 2005 introduction of Heat-Timers Internet Control Management System
(ICMS). Vincent Clerico, vice president of marketing for HeatTimer, explained how Heat-Timer developed a custom monitoring
system for Clearview Gardens using existing hardware from their
12
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Engineered Systems
E n g i n e e r e d S y s te m s
At Clearview Gardens, a large apartment complex in Queens, NY,

real-time monitoring notifies authorized users immediately if an
alarm status occurs and the nature of the alarm.
original monitoring system.

First, we took the main relay from their makeshift monitoring
system and tied it into the ICMS. Then we developed a monitoring
screen to replace the large lighted black board they had been using.
Now, they can monitor all their buildings via a at screen TV where
each and every building is visually represented, said Clerico.
IN REAL TIME
With real-time monitoring, Marsanico and other authorized users
know immediately if an alarm status occurs and the nature of the
alarm. For instance, if building C2 has a problem in the boiler room,
a specic alarm is sent via e-mail or text message. The recipient immediately knows whether the alarm is related to a domestic water
meter, a stack temperature, a low water cut-off, or something else.
This new, Web-based control offered Clearview Gardens many
benets, including enhanced speed, increased data storage, live data,
integrated communication with a variety of network and wireless
space sensors, and downloadable history reports.
With instant access to virtually unlimited operational data, Marsanico and other authorized users can continuously tweak the systems to maximize fuel efciency.
It is especially helpful on weekends when problems occur because the system immediately sends me a text message as well as
an e-mail that lets me know what is going on in a particular boiler
room, said Marsanico. Once I get the message, I can sit down at my
computer at home or wherever and troubleshoot the problem. Most
times, I can resolve a problem right there at the computer.
Infrared heat lifts comfort levels

at Colorado auto service center
Ever since John Letts opened his rst service station in Lakewood, CO in 1993, he envisioned the future in a retro style
building his auto repair business would ultimately occupy 11 years
later in nearby Golden.
Its ironic that the building of his dreams began as a rundown
gas station, as Letts described it. We hired contractors to convert it
January 2008
BEMaGS
F
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Engineered Systems
CaseInPoint
ASH
RAE
t
B oo
h 73
BEMaGS
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With bay doors opening and closing, keeping the interior of this
Colorado auto maintenance business warm was a struggle, resulting
in unacceptable hydraulics lift speed and oil congealing at the bottom of the storage tank, not to mention high operation expenses. An
infrared heating system wound up rectifying all of those problems.
and ended up doing most of the work ourselves, even adding a third
service bay. After nine months of building we got to open it.
Viewing the buildings striking exterior belies its previous life.
The contemporary faade contrasts sharply with vintage gas pumps
strictly for appearance and a restored 1930 Plymouth parked
out front, a throwback to those memorable, early days of motor
travel.
CUSTOMER-COMFORT-DRIVEN
Inside the customers waiting area, its easy to see that automotive
expertise is not the only reason why Letts enjoys a thriving business.
Gleaming black and white checkerboard tile oors are reminiscent
of the 50s. Plush seating for customers waiting for a lube and oil
change or minor repair. Available hot and cold beverages. A diverse
selection of current magazines no year-old, dog-eared doctors
ofce material here to suit a variety of tastes.
Its the middle of winter, and in the service bays, the hydraulic lifts
are now operating with precision smoothness, elevating cars for repair.
Oil changes are quickly accomplished, with new oil pumping effortlessly from a 150-gal storage tank. And Letts and his repair technician
Ben Bronnenberg are working comfortably under their new Solaronics
infrared heating system no drafts, no blowing dust or dirt while
outside temperatures are plummeting into the minus digits.
But reaching this level of comfort and operating efciency was a
struggle, Letts admitted. He opened the transformed building utilizing the existing old unit heater that came with it and just blew warm
air. With forced air, every time we opened the door the air would
run out. He added that it couldnt keep the building warm, which
stymied winter operations because the hydraulics were slow to lift
the cars, and the air pump couldnt suck up the congealed oil from
the storage tank. Also, it was expensive to operate.
DECIDING ON A SYSTEM
We had a long investigative study of what would be an appropriate replacement, Letts continued. I was thinking oil burner. But I
was thinking too much maintenance. I like to keep the doors open
in milder weather and you couldnt do that with oil burners or unit
heaters. James Gagliano, owner of Million Air Mechanical, Inc. in
______________
FREE INFO: 23
When it has to be stainless,

it has to be A-J!
The experts in stainless
steel clean air systems
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operating rooms
plus:
Custom fabrication
Rush deliveries
A-J Manufacturing offers a complete line of custom
and standard stainless steel air distribution products, all
designed and manufactured to offer durable, dependable
and low maintenance performance necessary for hospitals,
labs, wash down areas and more.
Whats more, with our state-of-the-art manufacturing
capabilities, we can also offer you the industrys shortest
lead times for custom orders. So for continuous linear,
security grilles, modular diffusers and much more, contact
A-J Manufacturing today!
A-J Manufacturing
800-247-5746 www.ajmfg.com
FREE INFO: 13
ES
Engineered Systems
13
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BEMaGS
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Engineered Systems
BEMaGS
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LTI systems an a
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solutions are transforming
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FREE INFO: 87
ES
Engineered Systems
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Engineered Systems
School board goes

with duct board in
retrofit
In 2006, the Olympia School District

(OSD), of Olympia, WA, had enough
of being burdened with outdated mechanical and electrical systems at its Reeves Middle School. Though some new mechanical
and electrical equipment was installed in
1998 during the construction of a cafeteria
and auxiliary gym, most of the school still
had old, inefcient equipment that had been
in place since the school opened in 1970.
The school districts Capital Planning &
Construction Department (CPCD) planned
a complete modernization of all electrical
and mechanical wiring and equipment for
the 65,642 sq-ft, one-story school.
The school was in serious need of a
You cant control Mother Nature...

But you can control your environment
Keep your workspace clean, comfortable and productive
AIR CURTAINS MAKE-UP AIR SYSTEMS
Mars Air Systems

featuring ARES Dynaforce
Mars Air Doors
The only choice for an

Air of Quality!
800-421-1266
Tel: (310) 532-1555 www.marsair.com
od
u
Av ct L
a
On i l a i t e r
lin b l e a t u
r
e
Denver, recommended Solaronics heaters

for the way they provide heat, their energy
efciency and dependability.
Heat loss is a big problem with old style
units, said Brian McLane of Air Purication
Company, Solaronics Colorado and Wyoming representative. Cars go in and out all
day, but the heat goes out and stays out.
McLane, who has helped countless
numbers of automotive service businesses
improve the comfort and efciency for employees and customers, explained that Solaronics gas-red infrared heaters quietly
radiate infrared energy that is converted
into heat as it reaches work surfaces, machinery, tools, people, and concrete oors,
similar to the way the earth is warmed by
the sun. The heat is retained at the oor
level where people work, and also in the
concrete oor itself, so after the doors close
recovery time is fast.
Solaronics gave the biggest bang for the
buck, Letts related. It made sense to me
that if it heated up everything it would radiate heat into the place. When I pick up a
wrench now, its warm. You dont pick up an
ice cube. Everything is warm to the touch.
Besides enjoying his comfortable workplace, Letts appreciates the lower heating
costs, which his business manager Kathy
Cordova estimated to be about 60% to 70%
less than the previous year.
I like the idea of the savings and dependability ... when I turn the heater on the
light comes on and that gives me comfort,
as does the heat, Letts said.
BEMaGS
Pr
CaseInPoint
FREE INFO: 137
HVAC
*," --" -
Here is why the CESVA SC-160 or

SC-310 Meter is essential for your job:
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____________________
800-224-3813
FREE INFO: 17
ES
Engineered Systems
15
A
BEMaGS
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Engineered Systems
BEMaGS
F
solutions are available through a nationwide network of Vykon Distributors.
CaseInPoint
ActiveLogix
Charlotte, NC
704-578-9776
vykonsales@activelogix.com
____________
Advanced Power Control, Inc.
Newark, DE
302-368-0443
vykonsales@adv-power.com
____________
BITS
Waukesha, WI
877-334-9333
vykonsales@envsysinc.com
___________
Cochrane Supply
Madison Heights, MI
248-588-9260
vykonsales@
_____
cochranesupply.com
Controlco Automation
Distributors
Concord, CA
925-602-7728
vykonsales@controlco.com
___________
Control Consultants, Inc.
Weymouth, MA
781-335-8353
vykonsales@
______
controlconsultantsinc.com
E.C. Smyers Co.
Pittsburgh, PA
412-471-3222
vykonsales@smyers.com
__________
Industrial Control Distributors
Wanamassa, NJ
732-918-9000
vykonsales@icdmail.com
___________
Jackson Control Company, Inc.
Indianapolis, IN
800-772-9859
vykonsales@jacksoncontrol.com
______________
Long Building Technology
Englewood, CO
303-975-2100
vykonsales@long.com
_________
Minvalco, Inc.
Minneapolis, MN
952-920-0131
vykonsales@minvalco.com
___________
Temperature Control
Systems, Inc.
Dallas, TX
214-343-1444
vykonsales@tempconsys.com
_____________
Universal Supply Group, Inc.
Hawthorne, NJ
973-427-3320
vykonsales@usginc.com
__________
The original system design for an HVAC retrofit at this middle school included a specification for insulated galvanized steel HVAC ductwork. However, before the project could start,
prices for the mechanical system jumped by about $500,000 over budget, which led the
school district to explore other duct material options, such as fiberglass duct board.
mechanical and electrical modernization,

said CPCD project manager John McLaren.
The heat pumps on the roof were very old
and the HVAC system was completely outdated. With newer equipment, we knew we
could achieve greater energy efciency.
DESIGN TAKE 2
Plans called for a new, more efcient HVAC
system with about 40,000 sq ft of ductwork.
OSD hired Tres West Engineers, a Tacoma,
WA, mechanical and electrical engineering
rm, to complete the entire system design
for the facility. A rst design had to be redone, as it exceeded the school districts
budget for the project, but the second system design stayed within the boundaries.
Tres West designed the HVAC system to
include high-efciency gas furnaces with
sealed combustion and units located in the
mechanical mezzanine level of the school.
All units were equipped with 100% outside air economizers to provide free cooling
whenever outside air conditions allow. The
areas of the school that required cooling
were tted with split system DX cooling.
The air distribution system incorporated
semi-displacement ventilation, and supply registers were integrated into the classroom cabinetwork. Finally, the building was
equipped with Invensys DDC provided by
Control Contractors Inc.
The original system design included a
specication for insulated galvanized steel
HVAC ductwork. However, before the project could start, prices for the mechanical
system shot up signicantly, helping push
the project about $500,000 over budget. Because of this, the school district decided to
explore other duct material options, such as

berglass duct board. After a product demonstration from Duct Board Systems Fabricators (DBSF), of Mount Lake Terrace, WA,
Tres West Engineers changed their specication to CertainTeed ToughGard Fiber
Glass Duct Board.
The engineers from Tres West were especially impressed that the ToughGard Duct
Board would handle airow at 5,000 fpm,
was treated with an anti-microbial coating and had a water repellant inner liner,
said Bob Greeno, co-owner and designer of
DBSF. The inner liner would also greatly
reduce the amount of berglass particles
that could enter the airstream. The properties of this material would help to ensure
good indoor air quality for the students at
Reeves Middle School.
By approving the specication of berglass duct board for the project, OSD
lowered its duct material expenses by 30%,
Greeno said.
THE LEARNING CURVE
Capital Heating & Cooling (CHC), of Lacey,
WA, was hired to install the entire HVAC
system and began work in December 2006,
with a crew of six installers. After installing
the mechanical and electrical equipment, the
crew focused on the berglass ductwork. We
just had to learn how to communicate with
the duct board fabricator and how to draw
up our duct ttings, so they knew what we
wanted them to build, said Bill Schmidtke,
president of CHC. Our crew caught on
quickly, and they learned all the tricks that go
into working with duct board. They got very
procient with making eld modications.
FREE INFO: 59
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CaseInPoint
Everything came along very well.
CHC hung the ductwork with a series
of 2-1/2 in., U-shaped metal channels supporting it from underneath. These channels were connected to the ceiling with a
network of metal straps on each side. We
have saved about 20% on labor in the eld,
Schmidtke said. The ease of the material
handling alone made the duct board worthwhile. Its simply a much easier material to
stage on site and modify in the eld.

The project turned out well, said Tres
West Engineers mechanical associate Steve
Fintak, P.E. the lead designer of the new
HVAC system. I believe that the new mechanical and electrical system will be a more
efcient one for Reeves Middle School, he
said. Also, it will promote better indoor air
quality for the students and faculty, which
was one of our top goals in the project.
With 27 classrooms, the newly refurbished

Reeves Middle School opened in September,
accommodate more than 500 students grades
six through eight with 27 classrooms.
Portland grows a
green project,
winning national
attention
When a building project becomes a

cover story in USA Today, you know
theres a story to be told. And thats what
happened last year when the newspaper
turned its attention the South Waterfront
condo/mixed-use complex just south of
downtown Portland, OR.
The project is being built as an example
of one of the largest green urban-redevelopment projects worldwide. Among the
worlds most environmentally conscious
locales, people in the city of Portland are
doing their best to make a statement.
South Waterfront, still in the midst of
major ongoing construction, is located on
the west bank of the Willamette River. Its
a planned community of high-rise condominiums and shops, restaurants, theaters,
and museums connected to downtown by
Portlands streetcar system.
Several high-rise condos are completed
and occupied, and two other major condo developments are nearing completion. All of the
buildings have at least one thing in common:
each features a ClimateMaster water loop heat
pump (WLHP) heating and cooling system,
with on-site boiler and cooling tower.
ClimateMasters Tranquility energy-efcient equipment ts the need at South
Waterfront because the developers there are
pursuing LEED Gold or Silver certications for all of the structures.
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costs. This is a result of the efciencies designed into the WLHP systems incorporated
into the basic layout of each of the condos.
Design engineer Stacey Lin of Portlands
Bouillon Engineering LLC the primary
engineering rm on three of the four South
Waterfront high-rise condo projects
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____________________________________________________
All of the high-rise condos in this Portland

development feature a water loop heat pump
heating and cooling system, with on-site
boiler and cooling tower, which have helped
the developers pursue LEED certification.
said, We use the water source heat pumps

for three good reasons, said Lin.
First, energy efciency. Secondly, these
units are among the least obtrusive, acoustically, he added. The third benet, he
continued, is the option to use non-CFC
compound, EarthPure HFC-410a, a nonozone-depleting refrigerant.
Were not at all surprised that the
equipment was selected at least partially
on a noise-abatement basis, added Kevin
Marple, vice president of Benz Air Engineering Co. Inc., the Portland-based mechanical contracting rm tapped to do the
equipment installations.
Beyond the noise factor, theres the key
challenge involved in designing systems
to work in high-rise buildings. Its not
so much a challenge for the water source
heating and cooling system as it is for the
domestic water supply, said Lin. As the
building gets higher, obviously the static
water-pressure conditions change.
Then theres the important question of how
FREE INFO: 8
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ENERGY TRANSFER BRINGS

SAVINGS
With our closed-loop system, building
height doesnt affect us that much, said Lin.
You still have to provide the big building
loop with vertical pipes, basically, connecting all of the zones together.
There are other reasons that water
source heat pumps make a lot of sense, Lin
said. We dont have heat rejection within
the living quarters. So we extract heat from
the heat pump, or put it back in based on
the need. We also have the ability to transfer energy. Its not uncommon during the
swing temperature days for one side of the
building to be in the heating mode while the
other side is in cooling mode. With this mechanical system, thermal energy is moved
from one side of the building to the other
without having to add additional energy to
the loop. Yet, the boiler and tower are in the
off mode. This saves a lot of energy.
During extreme days whether heating
or cooling you have the means of adding
heat through the gas-red boilers or you take
the heat out through the big cooling tower to
cool down to the loop temperature, he added.
North Point office

complex debugs
its cooling systems
with self-cleaning
filters
Facilities personnel are regularly

called upon to debug problems in
their HVAC systems. In some cases, the thermostats need resetting. Sometimes the registers need to be adjusted. At North Point, a
two-building, 800,000-sq-ft ofce complex
in Cleveland, this meant removing the mayies that were clogging the A/C units.
We get mayies a couple times a year
and they would plug up the strainers on all
the oors, said maintenance engineer Brad
Schindler. We would have to go running
around cleaning strainers because all the
A/C units would be going down.
But all that changed when North Point
installed a self-cleaning Tekleen lter from
Automatic Filters, Inc., eliminating the
emergency calls from tenants.
AIRBORNE ASSAULT ON THE A/C
The North Point ofce complex consists
of two buildings on Lakeside Avenue in
downtown Cleveland, walking distance
from Lake Erie, the Rock and Roll Hall of
Fame, and Cleveland Browns Stadium. The
rst one built was the North Point Ofce
Building, or North Point I, a 242,000-sq-ft,
seven-story, irregularly shaped building featuring triangular oor plans. North Point I
opened in 1985, and was joined ve years
later by the North Point Tower (North Point
II), a 20-story, 587,000-sq-ft building. Joining the two is a covered pedestrian bridge.
Both buildings provide tenants such as the
HMO Kaiser Permanente and consulting
rm Watson Wyatt with an unobstructed
view of Clevelands inner harbor and the
lake beyond.
To provide heating and A/C for the tenants, the North Point buildings use a Trane
cooling tower to deliver chilled water. Three
pumps (one on standby) send the water to
the compressor units inside the tower. Each
oor has two Trane 60-ton units. At times,
the water piped from the tower is enough,
but each oor unit also has three compressors that are staged to provide additional
cooling as the weather demands.
The water system worked well under
normal operating conditions, however, a
couple times a year the mayies would hit.
These same mayies garnered national attention this past fall when they swarmed
the eld at Jacobs Field when the Cleveland Indians played the New York Yankees
in the American League Divisional Series.
And while in that case they were drawn to
the bright lights, they also wreak havoc on
HVAC systems.
They mob the place, said Schindler.
We get piles and piles of them.
While the janitors would take care of the
dead bugs lying around the property, the
engineering crew had to deal with all those
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Power
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many heat pumps it takes to service a high-rise
building that may include 300 residential units,
plus retail establishments on the lower oors
all of varying sizes.
According to Marple, there are about 250
heat pump systems in the Meriwether complex, one of the condo developments. There
are 2-ton, 4-ton, and 5-ton units in both
vertical and horizontal congurations. In
each condo, the heat pump is located in the
laundry/utility room for ease of access and
maintenance by the owner or a technician,
said Marple. For each high-rise building, a
heating and cooling capacity of 700 to 1,000
tons is needed.
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The chilled water HVAC system at this Cleveland office building

worked well under normal operating conditions. However, a couple
times a year, gnat-like bugs called mayflies caused havoc on its
HVAC systems, resulting in significant maintenance efforts. Installation of self-cleaning stainless steel filters zapped the bug problem.
who opted for a watery grave: getting inside the cooling tower, into
the piping, and nally clogging the compressor unit strainers. Each
unit would only take about 10 to 15 min to clean out, but when you
have 40 units on 20 oors, that time adds up. More signicant was
the way they interrupted the schedule.
The big problem is that it was usually an emergency, said Schindler. When units start going down, we have to drop everything and
go clean them out to keep the units running. The idea is to keep the
tenants happy.
GETTING THE BUGS OUT
To eliminate all the emergency calls, the facilities team decided to
install self-cleaning Tekleen lters from Automatic Filters, Inc.
We liked that the lter cleans itself so we dont have to do anything, said Schindler.
The Tekleen lters incorporate a unique self-cleaning mechanism
that allows an uninterrupted ow of ltered water even while the
cleaning takes place and uses a fraction of the water that normal
back-ushing requires. Tekleen lters also use stainless steel as the
standard screen material, rather than a special order option, resulting in a longer-lasting lter.
North Point staff selected the Tekleen ABW14-P lter, which as a
316L stainless steel body and a stainless steel lter with 16-mil holes.
The unit has 10-in. inlet and outlet anges and a 2-in. ush valve. It
was designed to lter 3,000 gpm from the cooling towers two 1,500gpm pumps. With it in place, the maintenance crew no longer gets
emergency calls from tenants complaining about their A/C being
down. They do still check the strainers when doing routine preventive maintenance, but there is very little found in them. ES
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Commissioning
BY REBECCA ELLIS, P.E.
DESIGN Delays
A late-project logjam on the consulting firms side isnt fun for anyone.
Heres how to avoid it.
After spending a few months talking about existing building

commissioning at the end of 2007, I want to shift back to
new construction commissioning with a tricky and delicate
topic. The situation is one which is rare but not non-existent. When it
does occur, it is extremely frustrating for all involved.
DEALING WITH DESIGN ENGINEERS
What should be done in the case where achieving the owners project
requirements (design intent) is held up at the end of the project by the
design engineers? This may happen when FPT demonstrates that the
systems are performing as specified in the contract documents but do
not meet one or more of the performance metrics initially defined by
the owner for the commissioned systems. In the design-bid-build project delivery model, the contractors have fulfilled their obligations, and
yet the commissioning professional has identified acceptance criteria
which have not been achieved.
It is typically the responsibility of the designers to define what drawing and specification modifications are required (perhaps through a
changeorder) in order to meet the owners criteria. This is a relatively
infrequent situation, less likely to occur the earlier commissioning is
introduced to a project. In most cases, the design engineer is actively
involved in evaluating the problem and working with the project team
to identify the least disruptive, most effective solution in a timely fashion. Of course, if the solution is easy and costs nothing to implement,
this situation almost never escalates into a bigger problem.
COMPLETING THE WORK
In the few cases which cause the most pain (and thus motivated this
column), the design engineers will not readily engage in problemsolving,
instead leaving the rest of the project team hanging with no resolution.
This occurs at a time when the team is anxious to be finished with their
work, released from further obligations, and approved for final payment.
Realistically, if the problem is identified as being a design issue (i.e., the
design was implemented as specified and it did not meet the owners
acceptance criteria), the contractors should be paid for their work and the
owner needs to have the design engineers work out a solution.
As we all know, however, design and construction issues are hardly ever
black and white in this era of integrated building systems. Even if an independent commissioning professional identifies a problem as being a design
issue, the design engineers can put off active engagement for weeks while
they direct the contractors to check this and check that without a clear
plan for resolution and action. If the designers finally come to the point of
agreeing there needs to be a design change, it can be another lengthy period
of time before that design change is produced. The more costly the change,
the longer it will take to materialize. In extreme cases, a satisfactory design
solution may only come after a series of less expensive trial solutions.
THE WAITING GAME
This worst case scenario adds up to months of time during which the
owner has most likely moved into the facility, the contractors have not
been paid, and everyone is spending too much time discussing and man24
ES
Engineered Systems
The le
The
less
ss b
bud
udge
gett ea
each
ch ttea
eam
m me
memb
mber
er
has remaiiniing,
g, th
the lless qu
q alit
lity
y
work
wo
rkin
ing
g ti
time
me is
is sp
spen
entt on the
the
prob
pr
oble
lem
m an
and
d th
the
e mo
more
re a
acc
ccus
usat
ator
ory
y
and/
d/or imp
i
ati
tientt any writt
itten
corr
co
rres
espo
pond
nden
ence
ce b
bec
ecom
omes
es. To tho
those
se
of u
us
s wo
work
rkin
ing
g on b
beh
ehal
alff of the
the own
owner
er,,
ther
th
ere
e is a s
sen
ense
se of
of a wait
aitin
ing
g ga
g me
to s
see
ee whe
when
n th
the
e ow
owne
ner
r wi
will
ll tir
tire
e of
the effort.
aging the situation. The less budget each team member has remaining
(and most projects end up with designers, contractors, owners representatives, and commissioning professionals out of money at this point, since
it is the end of the project), the less quality working time is spent on the
problem and the more accusatory and/or impatient any written correspondence becomes. To those of us working on behalf of the owner, there
is a sense of a waiting game to see when the owner will tire of the effort.
The following are some tips on best practices that should help minimize the risk of this worst-case scenario on commissioned projects.
Start commissioning early in the design phase:
Document unambiguous and measurable owners project requirements.
Perform commissioning design reviews starting no later than the
design development submission.

Require written responses from the design engineers to the commissioning professionals feedback and findings, including:
Design reviews.
Submittal reviews.
Construction site observations.
Functional test results.
When a problem is identified:

Hold face-to-face team meetings with every-
one represented.
Have the independent commissioning pro-
fessional facilitate the problem resolution

process, especially if there is disagreement
between the designers and contractors.
Require firm action commitments and timelines from each team member.ES
Ellis is president of Questions & Solutions Engineering, Inc. (Chaska, MN). E-mail her at rtees____
mag@qseng.com.
___________
En gi n e e r e d Sy stem s January 2008
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2008 CertainTeed Corporation
Theres more than one way

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They are readily available in the industrys widest range of sizes, thicknesses and densities.
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E X T E R I O R : R O O F I N G S I D I N G W I N D O W S F E N C E R A I L I N G T R I M D E C K I N G F O U N D AT I O N S P I P E
I N T E R I O R : I N S U L AT I O N W A L L S C E I L I N G S
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EnergyWiz
BY LINDSAY AUDIN, CEM, CEP
A GREEN POWER Crunch?

Whether compelled by mandate or good intentions, buyers might
find the shelves empty.
For a variety of reasons, many large energy users have been

voluntarily purchasing renewable power and/or renewable
energy credits (RECs), which support development of that
resource. The premium for doing so, however, may soon rise significantly as demand for such green power begins to overwhelm the
supply. Smart firms wishing to continue (or initiate) such purchasing
may wish to plan ahead to avoid big price bumps.
RUNNIN OUT OF THE GREEN STUFF
Induced by both government and private agencies, many corporations, institutions, and others are spending an extra 10% to 25% (or
more) on their electric bills to buy green power. Whether to satisfy a
mission statement, polish a corporate image, or simply to help save
the world, such purchasing is growing rapidly.
Those buying green power have found pricing to be increasingly volatile and varied, depending on a variety of factors. The
major source of new renewable power supply has been wind, with
half of all new U.S. power capacity coming from wind projects. Prices
are affected as new plants come on-line. In a few cases, we are even
seeing different shades of green: some RECs are going for a higher
price because they originate from projects or organizations having a
positive cachet (e.g., university, research institute) with which some
corporations or product vendors would like to be associated.
At the same time, half the states have enacted renewable portfolio
standards (RPS) that require (or soon will) utilities in those states
to buy a percentage (2% to 30%) of their power from green sources
(usually originating in that state or region). As that new demand for
renewable power ramps up, it w ill dwarf present purchasing, and may
overwhelm the supply.
As we all recall from Economics 101, when demand approaches or
exceeds supply, price rises. Green power is no exception. The chairman of Northeast Utilities, a major New England utility, recently
warned that region may be short several thousand megawatts of
renewables during the next eight years as local RPS and some emissions rules come into effect. In Massachusetts, this shortage is already
pushing up REC prices to the states cap.
FEDS FOCUS ON THE PROBLEM
A recently (October 2007) released study by the National Renewable
Energy Laboratory (NREL) attempts to quantify how and when this
crunch may occur. In A Preliminary Examination of the Supply and
Demand Balance for Renewable Electricity (NREL/TP-670-42266,
available for free at www.eere.energy.gov/greenpower/resources/featured.
shtml), the report found that total renewable demand was already close
___
to or exceeding existing supply, and that demand will rise faster than
new supply for several years before possibly balancing out in 2010.
If, however, new supply begins to falter, as occurred several years ago
when federal wind power subsidies expired for a time, the crunch could
become severe and sustained as some wind projects come to a halt.
26
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Engineered Systems
An iimp
mpen
endi
ding
ng c
cru
runc
nch
h co
coul
uld
d be
seen
se
en a
as
s an iinv
nves
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port
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unit
ity
y
by
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Sec
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r) w
wh
ho
ho
have
ha
ve,, in tthe
he p
pas
ast,
t, h
hoa
oard
rded
ed ffut
utur
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es
as a way
y to
t bi
bid
d up
p priicing
i g and
d tth
hen
make
ake a kil
killi
ling
g whe
hen pr
p ic
ices
es spi
pike
ke.
Those credits are presently scheduled to expire at the end of 2008.
The NREL study made an especially interesting point: If a significant number of electric utilities and other electricity suppliers choose
to bank RECs for future RPS compliance, excess supplies may not be
available for voluntary markets. Furthermore, if generators choose to
hold RECs in anticipation of future regulation, this would also reduce
total supply.
Taking that thought a step further, an impending crunch could be
seen as an investment opportunity by financial speculators (known
euphemistically in the energy biz as the non-commercial sector) who
have, in the past, hoarded futures as a way to bid up pricing and then
make a killing when prices spike. Such a strategy could further exacerbate renewable power pricing volatility and raise near-term pricing.
A company or institution that publicly promised to buy green
power could then find it necessary to break that commitment, or pay
dearly to continue such purchasing.
PLAN AHEAD
If your firm or organization is considering (or has already made) a
commitment to buy green power, consider a forward purchase now to
avoid price spikes around the corner. Doing so may also be a good way
to hedge against general power price hikes. And remember: just as a
pound of feathers weighs as much as a pound of iron, avoiding a pound
of carbon emitted in Brazil, Wyoming, or New York each has the same
effect on climate, so it pays to shop around. If you dont know how,
work with an experienced energy procurement specialist to find the
lowest-cost way to keep your firms promise to go green. ES
Audin is president of Energywiz, Inc. (www.
___
a New York-based consulting
firm that helps commercial/industrial clients get
the most out of the competitive energy market.
He was formerly energy manager for Columbia
University and founded the New York Energy
Buyers Forum.
energywiz.com),
_________
January 2008
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HydroTech
BY JOHN KUEMPEL JR., P.E.
EXPANSION TANK Tips

They maintain an air of calm when water turns up the volume.
Most engineers know that when you change the temperature

of a fluid, its volume changes. This fact is most important concerning hydronic systems, where temperature can change and
systems are closed to the atmosphere.
The typical example is a closed-loop hot water heating system where
temperature can vary over 100F over the season. The typical solution
for this fluid expansion is to select a tank with the admittance volume
to permit the hydronic medium to expand while the system maintains
a similar pressure. This component is called an expansion tank, and
several types and piping locations are recommended for its position in
the hydronic loop.
AN OVERVIEW
Hydronic systems are pressurized so that at their highest point, they
maintain a positive pressure relative to their surroundings. This permits
fluid to be pushed to the top of the system, allowing for the removal of
unwanted air. In some cases where the pumps are located at the top of
the system, the positive pressure is needed to meet the net positive suction
requirements of the pumps.
There are many rules of thumb about where to install the expansion
tank in the system. Expansion tanks are not always at the point of common pressure, not always at the pump suction, are not always used for
air elimination, or at the point of lowest pressure, or installed where the
pressurized makeup water is connected. Consequently, the expansion tank
can be installed at any point in the system, and it will meet the needs of
expanding volume.
Multip
Mult
ip
ple ttan
anks
ks can
can be
be co
conf
nfig
ig
gur
ured
ed
wher
wh
ere
e de
desi
sire
red
d. T
The
he a
air
ir p
pre
ress
ssur
ure
e
must
mu
st b
be
e ch
char
arge
g d wh
ge
whil
ile
e th
the
e ta
tank
nk
is e
emp
mpty
ty;; th
ther
eref
efor
ore
e, iitt is s
sti
till
ll
impo
im
port
rtan
antt to c
con
onsi
side
der
r dr
drai
ain
n an
and
d
air
ai
r ad
admi
mitt
ttan
ance
ce n
nee
eeds
ds d
dur
urin
ing
g
desi
de
sign
ign.. A pr
pres
essu
suri
rize
ized
d blad
add
dder
der
tank
k can b
be locatted
d on tth
he fflloor,,
to p
pro
rovi
vide
de ffor
or e
eas
asie
ier
r in
inst
stal
alla
lati
tion
on
and structural savings.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Engineers need to assess many factors determining style and tank location. Over the years, systems requiring expansion tanks have evolved;
many are now variable flow, have antifreeze in addition to water, and
new tank technologies are available. Proper location must also consider
structural and annual maintenance requirements.
Originally in hydronic systems, vented tank vessels were set above
the highest piping point in the system. At this location, they aided in air
removal since air is less dense and collects naturally at this point. Air vent
piping from several high points can be routed to the tank for air removal.
The pressure of the system is set based upon the tanks elevation above
the system, since it is vented to atmosphere. Installation conditions could
affect providing overflow piping on a vented expansion tank. The design
challenge with this style tank is to find a location inside the building that
will properly pressurize the system specifically with 10 to 12 ft of elevation
above the highest piping loop. In many systems, where the proper space
and elevation are available, a vented expansion tank may be considered.
options such as sight glasses, drain fittings, and air admittance valves.
Multiple tanks can be configured for large systems requiring greater
expansion volume.
A popular design for small systems is for the tank to be located between
the boiler and the pump suction, and to install an air removal fitting at the
piping connection to assist air that has escaped the cushion, to be recaptured and returned to the expansion tank. When used with an air removal
fitting, closed tanks should be mounted above the piping system to permit
air to rise into the tank. This application is widely used in residential systems. This style tank should be installed near a drain, as they commonly
lose the air cushion and must be emptied of fluid to restore operation.
Expansion tanks are available with internal bladders that separate the
air and fluid with a membrane. This prevents the air cushion from escaping and permits many options for locating the tank. The tank can be set
at any elevation relative to the piping system.
Multiple tanks can be configured where desired. The air pressure
must be charged while the tank is empty; therefore, it is still important
to consider drain and air admittance needs during design. A pressurized
bladder tank can be located on the floor, to provide for easier installation
and structural savings. The membrane separates the air cushion from
the fluid, which is desirable with many antifreezes (such as glycol). Air
removal is provided independent of the installation of the expansion tank
when bladder-style tanks are utilized.
Selecting the style of expansion tanks is important if they are to be combined with an air removal design. Bladder-style expansion tanks should
not be used with air removal fittings; they can be
installed anywhere within the system where space
allows, if they meet the pressure requirements for
fluid temperature and volume admittance. ES
EXPANSION TANKS AND YOU

Expansion tanks are available as closed vessels, where pressurized air over fluid
provides the volume for fluid expansion. The air pressure can be adjusted as
required by the system pressure at the point of connection to the system.
Tanks are available in many sizes and pressure ratings and have
Kuempel is vice president of design-build for

DeBra-Kuempel, an EMCOR company providing
HVAC, electrical, plumbing, automation, service,
and maintenance in the Cincinnati and Dayton
Ohio area.
28
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BuildingAutomation
BY PAUL EHRLICH, P.E., AND IRA GOLDSCHMIDT, P.E.
NEW YEAR, New Beginnings

Hows that facility master plan going? What do you mean, What
master plan?
This January marks a major change for the Building Automation column in Engineered Systems. After many years of
insights and information, our good friend Ken Sinclair is taking
a break from column writing, although he will continue to be a regular
contributor both online at AutomatedBuildings.com as well as in the
pages of Engineered Systems.
And that leads us to the new beginning of this column with joint
authorship from Ira Goldschmidt and myself. Both Ira and I are well-recognized in the area of building automation, controls, sustainable design,
and intelligent buildings. Our intent with the column is to continue the
great work that Ken has started, but to add our insight as designers who
are actively working with owners on the challenges of planning and delivering projects on a day-to-day basis.
We recognize that the design and delivery of control systems and
intelligent buildings systems is seen as a challenge, but we believe it is
essential for the delivery of sustainable and high-performance buildings.
We intend to use this column to share our experiences with Engineered
Systems readers and hopefully make controls and automation a less
daunting challenge.
PLANNING FOR THE NEW YEAR
Planning is an invaluable process, yet we find that when it comes
to building automation, many owners do not have a plan. A great
general once said, We dont plan to fail, but often fail to plan. Not
surprisingly, many of the failures we see are due to a lack of a plan.
So what is involved in developing a plan?
Paul: One of the most important elements in starting a plan is
to understand how the owner operates his facilities today and how he
would like to operate them in the future. Intelligent building systems and
integration allow for vast improvements in efficiency, sustainability, and
operations. Often, these fit in well with owner goals for sustainability and
improved operations. Understanding both where things are today, and
where they need to go, is invaluable in selecting systems and direction.
Ira: It is also important to start the planning process by documenting
what is in place today. This includes looking at existing systems, including
HVAC control, lighting control, security, energy metering, and associated
systems. For each of these systems we look at how well they are operating
and at what changes are already under consideration. The documentation usually starts with a review of existing documents then includes a
walkthrough to verify what is on-site. When we complete this documentation, we are looking for the vintage of systems, what protocols are in use,
and any maintenance or operating problems.
What follows this initial stage of data gathering?
Paul: Analysis! We typically perform both a technical and financial analysis. This includes clarifying and prioritizing goals, budgeting
upgrade costs, clarifying benefits, and researching options. The analysis phase often takes several stages, each of which will look at various
options, refine them, and prioritize.
Ira: For some owners, this is a fairly straightforward process. For
others, it can be more complex, involving changes to networks, systems,
30
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Engineered Systems
Otherwise,, new proje

j cts can
beco
be
come
me a
an
n ex
exte
tens
nsio
ion
n of tthe
he
exis
ex
isti
ting
ng lleg
egac
acy
y an
and
d do n
not
ot m
mov
ove
e
the
h owner toward
d llongg term goalls.
and vendors. One of the challenges in this process is that for large institutional owners, many different groups may be involved. As consultants
we need to understand the terminology, perspective, and needs of each
of these groups. The ideal solution works well for all groups.
So you gather information and then analyze, what follows this?
Paul: Once we have the information and the analysis completed,
we typically work toward the development of a master plan. This
plan identifies what is in place today plus what should be left in place,
upgraded, or replaced. The plan typically contains budgets and schedules for recommended changes.
Ira: One of the nice things about this type of planning is that many
owners have ongoing upgrade and construction programs. The use of a
master plan allows them to design the next project so that it fits into the
master plan. Without this type of plan in place, new projects can become
an extension of the existing legacy (or the start of a new legacy) and do
not move the owner toward long-term goals.
So then youre done?
Paul: For most owners, there are several follow-up steps. These include
the development of new master documents or specifications, design development guides, and the development of project specific designs.
Ira: Often, we will take the master plan and then pilot selected elements to prove out the approach. The broader approach can then be
utilized on follow up projects.
CONCLUSION
The use of a master plan allows for systems
to be upgraded, or replaced over time, resulting in a final solution that meets the owners
needs and budgets. ES
Paul and Ira first worked together on a series of
ASHRAE projects including BACnet committee
and Guideline 13 Specifying DDC Controls.
The formation of Building Intelligence Group
provided them the ability to work together professionally providing assistance to owners with the
planning, design and development of Intelligent
Building Systems. Building Intelligence Group
provides services for clients worldwide including
leading Universities, Corporations, and Developers. More information can be found at www.
___
buildingintelligencegroup.com. We also invite you
___________
to contact us directly at Paul@buildingintelligencegroup.com or ira@buildingintelligence___________
_______________
group.com.
January 2008
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15% TO 50% ENERGY SAVINGS OVER TRADITIONAL VAV BOX SYSTEMS
Acutherm
was specd here
Linear and Other

Congurations Available
>
Call or email for complete Therma-Fuser VAV

diffuser systems information for your design.
>
E N E R G Y S AV I N G S
Two independent energy studies.*

One result. Therma-Fuser VAV
Diffuser Systems are more energy
efcient than traditional VAV
Box Systems.
>
EXPERIENCE
Acutherm is the only manufacturer

with thousands of successful projects
using Therma-Fuser VAV Diffusers
in full system application.
>
KNOWLEDGE
For over 30 years, our ongoing

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sustainable building environments.
*Department of Energy 2.1E 2007 & Trace 600 1993
The Individual Temperature Control People
1766 Sabre Street

Hayward, CA 94545
Tel: (510) 785.0510
Fax: (510) 785.2517
www.acutherm.com
info@acutherm.com
____________
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HVACRDesignerTips
BY AMANDA MCKEW
DESIGN REVIEW / DESIGN BUILD

Retail Space Split System
Equipment type: Split system
Equipment designation: AHU-1/ACCU-1
Barcode designation: 111111
DESIGN REVIEW
[Y] [N]
Verify adequate outdoor air ventilation.
Spot-check air quantity based on cfm/sq ft.
Spot-check heating capacity based on Btuh/sq ft.
Spot-check cooling capacity by dividing total cfm by

400 = tons, and outside air (OA) cfm by 300 =
dehumidification tons.
Create system flow diagram to assess static pressure sequence

of operation and refrigerant circuit pressure drop.
Spot-check fan total static pressure.
Confirm coils are piped correctly per manufacturers

piping requirements.
Review control drawings and specifications to confirm

unit space temperature setpoints are specified.

unit space temperature setpoints are specified.

units occupied/unoccupied schedule is specified.
Review control drawings and specifications to confirm unit

space temperature high/low alarm limits are specified.
Review control drawings and specifications to confirm unit

remote monitoring and trending are specified for service
contractor access.

alarms are specified.
Has short-circuiting of outdoor air with potential

exhaust air been coordinated?
ELECTRICAL INSPECTION/REQUIREMENTS
HVAC INSPECTION/REQUIREMENTS
32
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Engineered Systems
[Y] [N]
Have floor drains been coordinated?
Has a backflow preventer been considered?
Has gas service been coordinated with HVAC equipment?

Are gas train vents specified?
Has minimum gas pressure requirement been specified?
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS/REQUIREMENTS [Y] [N]

What are the necessary installation permitting and
operation permitting requirements?
Will record drawings be submitted electronically along

with one paper copy?
Will there be an extended warranty on the equipment?

Will there be a service contract submitted for the
new AHU-1 and ACCU-1?
Will AHU-1 and ACCU-1 O&M website be included

along with electronic copy or O&M manual and two
paper copies of manual?
DESIGN REVIEW AND TRICKS OF THE TRADE
REFERENCE
[Y] [N]
Has selection of AHU and condensing unit been

approved and signed off by owner?
Have lters been provided with access for replacement?

Has gas pressure been specied and provided?
Have fan curves been assessed for optimum performance?

Verify that refrigeration piping is complete and correct.
PLUMBING REQUIREMENTS
Confirm safe access to the equipment.

Confirm there will not be short-circuiting of exhaust air into air
intakes and/or other building openings.
Confirm the manufacturers recommended clearance around
equipment.
[Y] [N]
What are the new electrical requirements for the new unit?
Is there adequate electrical power to meet new
electrical load of all retail spaces?
Is there adequate electrical power coming in from the

street for all retail units?
Identify electrical scope of work required with new

retail tenants.
Will emergency power be a requirement for the tenants?

Are electrical connections tight and secure on
both units?
Have the fuses and wire sizes been checked and verified?
Are there existing electrical code issues that
should be addressed at this time?
Has the AHU and condensing unit been installed with

safe access for maintenance?
Has consideration been given to future expansion of system?

Has pressure testing of ductwork been determined in
scope of work?
Have pipe pressure test requirements been

determined in scope of work?
Has condensate drain piping been addressed?
Has consideration been given to the manufacturers

recommended clearance around equipment for service?
2004 ASHRAE Handbook Systems & Equipment, Chapter 1,

HVAC System Analysis & Selection.
2007 ASHRAE Handbook Applications, Chapter 2, Retail
Facilities.
Refer to the January 2008 Back2Basics
test for more information (pages 8-9).
Refer to equipment manufacturers literature
for additional data and requirements. ES
If you have any comments, suggestions, or
questions regarding this designer checklist, contact Amanda McKew at amckew@
______
rdkengineers.com. This column is meant
to provide some basic guidelines for good
design. Always consult all necessary codes
and resources relevant to each particular
project.
January 2008
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63%
POWER
CAPACITY
25%
COOLING
CAPACITY
38%
POWER
CAPACITY
60%
COOLING
CAPACITY
15%
POWER
CAPACITY
84%
COOLING
CAPACITY
56%
POWER
CAPACITY
40%
COOLING
CAPACITY
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85%
POWER
CAPACITY
12%
COOLING
CAPACITY
Capacity in your data center is greater than it appears

Utilize your stranded capacity with help from APC
When you manage a whole building, theres a lot to worry about: building security,
lighting, cooling, HVAC. And all these moving parts need power especially the
data center. Sure its no surprise that the data center is consuming more and more
of your buildings utility power, which limits your companys ability not only to
grow IT, but also to supply power to other parts of the building. Is there a way
to combat todays power-hungry data center? Get more efcient with the APC
Efcient Enterprise yours in two steps for immediate, measurable results.
Step 1: Its time for a cool change.

Why cool an entire room when only certain racks are running hot? The oversized
systems brute-force whole-room cooling is inefcient by design and a waste
of not only money but valuable power and cooling capacity as well. According to
Gartner Research, 50% of all data centers built before 2002 will be obsolete by
2008 because of power and cooling problems. And as you well know, this wasted
power and cooling could go to good use in other parts of your building. Simple
problem, simple solution: The APC Efcient Enterprise. In the Efcient Enterprise
model, your cooling moves from general room level cooling to specic, targeted
cooling thats right in the row. Simply by switching from room- to row-oriented
cooling, you will, on average, reduce your electrical consumption by up to 35%.
Plus, modular in-row cooling gets cool air where its needed much more quickly.
Step 2: Harness that stranded capacity

We know how hard it is to determine where to place that next server. Let the
tools of the Efcient Enterprise nd your stranded capacity -- the power and
cooling you know you have, but just cant get to. APC change and capacity
management software gives you visibility across your system, taking the
guesswork out of server placement and controlling IT growth. Youll nd and use
your available power instead of wondering where it is. And by running closer to
100% capacity, your higher efciency will automatically save power.
Use your power wisely
CAPACITY
MANAGEMENT
Optimize management
efciency with intelligent, integrated capacity
management software
that gives you real-time
data on exactly where to cool and what to power.
CLOSE-COUPLED COOLING
Gain thermal efciency with
InRow cooling architecture.
Closely coupling the AC with the
heat source reduces the distance
cold air must travel (from 50 feet
down to 5 feet), prevents hot
exhaust air from mixing with cool air in the room, and allows
more targeted precision cooling.
CONTAIN THE HEAT

Ensure cooling
efciency by containing
the heat and eliminating
expensive temperature
cross-contamination. Our Hot Aisle
Containment System reduces operational
expenses by as much as 50% over traditional approaches.
RIGHT-SIZED
AND EFFICIENT
COMPONENTS
Right-sized
and efcient
components.
Benet from power
efciency by right-sizing your infrastructure so that
you pay only for what you need. Reap efciency
benets at the component level or aggregate
benets at the system level. The MGE Galaxy 5000
offers ultra-high availability for lower power ranges,
has a compact footprint and is easy and quick to
connect. Its clean input current means that the
mains supply does not need to be oversized, which
can result in considerable savings.
With the Efcient Enterprise, youll effectively eliminate thermal and power-driven
incidents, and be more agile in meeting IT demands. Better yet, you can avoid (or
at least postpone) building a new data center because your facility will take up
minimal space. In the end, it boils down to this: you need to be as smart as
possible with your power. What you need is the APC Efcient Enterprise.
How efficient is your enterprise system? See exactly where you stand
take our online Enterprise Efciency Audit today!
Visit www.apc.com/promo Key Code a309w Call 888.289.APCC x9345 Fax 401.788.2797
2008 American Power Conversion Corporation and MGE UPS Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. All APC trademarks are property of APC-MGE.
e-mail: esupport@apc.com
______ 132 Fairgrounds Road, West Kingston, RI 02892 USA 998-0754
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EfficiencyIncentives
BY MARK JEWELL
GET WITHThe Program

In retrofits or new construction, rebates can make a smart motor
decision even smarter.
It may seem counterintuitive that an electric utility would pay

its customers to use less of the only commodity it sells. However, many factors are causing both electric and gas utilities (as
well as governments and other agencies) to support programs that help
customers do just that.
The need to alleviate existing transmission and distribution bottlenecks, regulations limiting the construction of new generating capacity,
and the growing urgency to reduce the combustion of fossil fuels and
associated greenhouse gases have made conservation a vital part of satisfying any new energy demand.
Rebates and other incentives to encourage energy efficiency (hereinafter, rebates) have been around for more than three decades, starting
with the first oil shock in the mid-seventies. Since then, rebate funding
levels have varied from year to year, increasing as ratepayers and regulators reacted to rising energy prices, and decreasing as utility deregulation
in the mid-nineties caused attention to shift from the demand side to the
supply side. Today, funding levels are once again on the rise as the utility sector redoubles its efforts to address both grid reliability and global
warming concerns.
This upward trend in funding will likely continue for the foreseeable
future. Legislatures across the country continue to set aggressive goals
for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. States with a history of offering
robust rebates could reach even higher funding levels as they struggle to
meet those goals. Moreover, similar pressures are causing many states that
never had significant rebate programs to create them.
REBATE ECONOMICS
Rebates are typically paid to encourage installations that are more energyefficient than what is required by code. Some rebates broaden the appeal
of new commercially available but expensive technologies. Others make
incremental improvements in efficiency more affordable. Rebates can
help pay for energy-related products (e.g., lighting, motors, drives), services (e.g., commissioning), or a combination of the two. In most cases, a
rebate lowers the projects first cost, shortening the simple payback period
and making that project easier to approve.
The goal of this new column in Engineered Systems is to keep readers
informed about rebate-related issues and trends. Each quarter we will
examine at least one energy-related technology and provide insight into
applicable funding sources. In this first installment, we address motors,
an important, yet often overlooked, category of energy-consuming
equipment.
MOTORING YOUR WAY TO SAVINGS
A motors first cost is typically dwarfed by the value of the energy required
to run it over its lifetime. Thats why it makes sense to select the most efficient motor available unless the motor will be operating less than 2,000
hrs/yr. In cases where a motor operates continuously and/or utility rates
are high, the savings can really add up over time.
Motor-related rebate programs vary widely. Assistance can take the
form of financial incentives that help offset the incremental cost of higher
34
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Engineered Systems
A mo
moto
tor
r s fi
firs
rstt co
cost
st iis
s ty
typi
pica
call
lly
y
dwar
dw
arfe
fed
d by tthe
he v
val
alue
ue o
off th
the
e
ener
en
ergy
gy r
req
equi
uire
ired
d to
to r
run
un it
it ov
over
er iitts
ts
liffeti
li
time. That
ts wh
hy iitt mak
kes sense
to s
sel
elec
ectt th
the
e mo
most
st e
eff
ffic
icie
ient
nt m
mot
otor
or
avai
av
aila
labl
ble
e un
unle
less
ss tthe
he m
mot
otor
or wil
willl be
oper
op
erat
atin
ing
g le
less
ss tha
than
n 2,00
000
0 hr
hrs/
s/yr
yr.
Type of program
Number of organizations
2004
2005
Prescriptive
32
33
Upstream
Custom retrofit
31
38
New construction
26
29
Standard performance contract (SPC)
Financial assistance
12
11
Technical assistance
15
22
Education / awareness
Unknown
15
Motor management or MDM materials

Other
TABLE 1. Breakdown of program types. Most organizations

surveyed offer more than one type of program. (Table excerpted
from the 2007 CEE Summary of Energy-Efficiency Incentive
Programs for Motors & Drives.)
efficiency, or technical support to aid decision-making. Some programs

simply offer education and outreach activities that highlight the potential
for significant savings.
A recent survey conducted by the Consortium for Energy Efficiency
(CEE), provides insight into the variability and popularity of various
motor program designs (Table 1). Of the 77 member organizations
contacted by CEE, 48 indicated that they administer programs offering
financial, technical, and/or educational support for premium efficiency
motors, motor management, motor system optimization, or adjustable
speed drives (ASDs). Several respondents (e.g., Bonneville Power Administration) work with their own utility members to administer common
programs within a region.
SHOW ME THE MOTOR MONEY!
Programs that offer financial assistance vary in how they determine incentive eligibility. Some of the CEE respondents cited
January 2008
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EfficiencyIncentives
above require that motors meet NEMA
PremiumTM efficiency levels. Others offer
prescriptive incentive payments for motors
that meet CEE-developed specifications
and consider motors outside this range on
a custom basis. Some specify minimum
kWh savings requirements. And some base
their incentive payments on the magnitude
of the reduction in energy usage compared
to a certain baseline.
Motor efficiency programs can be regional, statewide, or service-territory-specific.

Sometimes a program moves from one category to another as it evolves. For example,
the MotorUp program began as a regional
initiative across New England but is now
administered on a more local basis by a program manager at each participating utility.
As of the end of 2006, the MotorUp
program had processed over 8,850 rebate
DRIVING FASTER PAYBACKS

A motor that runs continuously can have
high annual energy costs even when electricity rates are low. However, increased
energy efficiency may not be enough to
justify motor replacement on its own.
If a motors load were highly variable,
installing an ASD could be a cost-effective path to capturing significant savings.
Remember that while the volume of air or
water decreases directly with reductions in
fan or pump speed, the power consumption of the motor turning that fan or pump
decreases with the cube of speed. So, even
small reductions in speed can yield significant reductions in power consumption.
Today, many utility programs offer ASD
incentives for a wide variety of motor
applications and customer segments. Most
motor programs limit incentive eligibility based on factors such as horsepower,
minimum operating hours, and/or minimum estimated energy savings per year.
Some ASD programs go a step further by
requiring that any existing throttling device
(e.g., inlet vanes) be removed or permanently disabled before the ASD incentive is
approved for payment. ES
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(photo courtesy of (c) David Sundberg/Esto)
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he green building movement is gaining momentum in

just about every part of the U.S., from rural communities to big cities. Nowhere is this trend more evident
than in New York City, which is home to a large number
of environmentally friendly buildings, including the
recently completed 52-story New York Times Building.
The building was finished shortly after New York
Citys mayor announced his Sustainability Plan plaNYC 2030
in December 2006. This sweeping plan is designed to enhance
New Yorks urban setting by focusing on improving the quality of
land, air, water, energy, and transportation. To achieve its goal of
reducing greenhouse gas emissions by more than 30% by 2030, the
plan will target the citys largest energy consumers institutional
buildings, commercial and industrial buildings, and multi-family
residential buildings and encourage energy efficiency upgrades
through a system of incentives, mandates, and challenges.
By design, the high-performance New York Times Building
already incorporates a number of energy-efficient features, including an integrated faade management system of dimmable lights
and mechanized shades that responds to the suns angle and
intensity, an underfloor air distribution system (UFAD), on-site
cogeneration, and a highly efficient chiller plant that utilizes both
centrifugal and absorption chillers.
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
The New York Times is one of the best-known daily newspapers in
the country. First published in 1851, it is the largest metropolitan
newspaper in the U.S. and has won more Pulitzer Prizes than any
other newspaper in the country. Given its impressive history, its no
wonder that when the time came to build a new corporate head-
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quarters in midtown Manhattan, The New York Times Company,

the parent company of The New York Times, wanted a similarly
impressive building constructed.
Even though LEED certification was not pursued for The New
York Times Building, The New York Times Co. and its partner,
Forest City Ratner Companies, wanted to incorporate numerous
sustainable features, as well as provide a comfortable, energy-efficient environment for building occupants. To meet those objectives,
world-renowned architect Renzo Piano was hired to design the
building, along with architectural firm FXFOWLE, while Flack +
Kurtz provided the mechanical, electrical, plumbing, fire protection,
and telecommunications design for the green building. Gensler
and Flack + Kurtz were then hired directly by The New York Times
Company to design the interior fit-out of their half of the overall
building, which would be their new corporate headquarters.
In the spring of 2007, New York Times Company personnel
moved into their new offices, which are located in 800,000 sq ft on
the 2nd through 28th floors. Forest City Ratner owns the remaining
600,000 sq ft on floors 29 through 50, as well as 21,000 sq ft of streetlevel retail space. Most of that space is already rented out to various
tenants. The building officially opened in November 2007.
Two separate engineering teams from Flack + Kurtz were used
to design the MEP systems in the building. The core-and-shell
team consisted of John Bredehorst, project executive/lead electrical
engineer, Gary Pomerantz, co-project executive/lead mechanical
engineer, Frank Muscarella, project manager/mechanical engineer,
and Vincent Tan, plumbing-fire protection engineer. The interior
fitout design team for The New York Times Company-owned space
consisted of David Cooper, project executive, Fred Holdorf, project
manager/electrical engineer, Eric Mitchell, mechanical engineer,
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Sign of the Times

also makes extensive use of daylighting,
and the perimeter is dynamically managed
to admit maximum natural light without
causing thermal discomfort or glare. This is
accomplished through state-of-the-art automated shade and lighting control systems
and 100% dimmable lighting.
The shade system and the dimmable
lighting controls are fully integrated, so that
the shades can be positioned in order to get
the maximum daylight in the building with
minimum solar contribution to the cooling
load, as well as minimum glare on the users
computers. These systems were developed
through complex computer modeling as
well as an extensively instrumented mockup of a full quarter of a floor using the actual
curtain wall, said Mitchell.
The exterior of the New York Times Building features low-iron, clear glass that has a transparent effect and a ceramic rod screen that acts as a sun shade and reduces the thermal
load. (Photo courtesy of David Sundberg/Esto.)
and Gary Rabinovich, plumbing/fire protection engineer.

The New York Times Company has
always been very technologically driven,
said Cooper. Theyve always been advocates
of the latest and greatest technology in their
business, and they wanted their building to
reflect that. Theyve also always been very
responsible in terms of energy consumption,
so this became a collaborative effort. The
entire team had a similar mindset of making
this a sustainable development.
One of the most prominent features of
the building involves its exterior, which is
made almost entirely of low iron clear glass.
The media strive for transparency of process, so Renzo Piano wanted to capture that
essence by designing a building that was as
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transparent as possible. That transparency

is achieved through a curtain wall that is
designed with floor-to-ceiling glass on all
faades and an exterior ceramic rod screen
cantilevered off the glass faade, which acts
as a sun shade.
The ceramic rods are arranged on the
exterior side of the glass to keep a significant
amount of the suns energy from coming directly through the glass and into the
space, said Pomerantz. They have aesthetic
value as well, but their functional purpose is
that of a sunscreen. We spent a tremendous
amount of time working with the architects
on the arrangement of the ceramic rods to
optimize their thermal effectiveness with
their aesthetics.
The New York Times Companys space
ENERGY-EFFICIENT SYSTEMS
Another sustainable feature of The New
York Times Building is its 1.4MW cogeneration facility, which is powered by two natural
gas-fired reciprocating engines operating in
parallel. Heat recovered from the engines
provides hot water for the 250-ton absorption chiller in the summer and perimeter
heating in the winter.
Generating electricity on-site reduces the
burden of the utility company to deliver
power in the summer months when everyone is using air conditioning. In addition,
the recovered heat is utilized to provide a
cooling source that reduces the load on the
electric chiller plant, and the engines run
cleaner than the utility generation system.
The overall plant efficiency is on the
order of 85%, and overall generated emissions are reduced relative to comparable
utility services for the same load requirements. Because of difficulties with the local
utility provider, Consolidated Edison, the
cogeneration plant is not connected to the
grid, said Bredehorst. Its a standalone
system with separate distribution in the
building. It has the capability to be backed
up by on-site diesel generators and the utility itself.
The high-efficiency central chilled water
plant serves the entire building and consists
of five 1,150-ton electric centrifugal chillers and the single-stage absorption chiller.
The cooling system utilizes highly efficient
electric drive chillers, variable flow primary
pumping chilled water and condenser water
systems, as well as hydronic free cooling and
precooling cycles to maximize energy effi-
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ciency. Advanced control algorithms optimize the operating conditions of the chilled
water and condenser water systems.
Heat for the building is provided via
high-pressure steam purchased from Consolidated Edison. After extensive analysis and
negotiation, this proved to be the most costeffective solution as compared to generating
heat on-site.
Low-pressure steam is distributed to the
steam coils of each AHU in the cellar and
podium roof and is also used to produce
hot water for the perimeter heating system.
The perimeter heating system consists of
fan-powered boxes with heating coils at each
floor. The low-pressure steam is also used to
serve the humidifiers on the floors occupied
by The New York Times Company.
AIR MOVEMENT AND
DISTRIBUTION
Also special to the floors occupied by
The New York Times Company is a UFAD
system a first for a high-rise office building in New York City. In deciding to adopt
this technology, as opposed to the traditional overhead system utilized throughout
every other high-rise building in New York
City, The New York Times Company did
its homework, said Cooper. Their design
team went on a trip across the country and
around the world to look at underfloor air
installations in commercial office buildings
and other types of facilities in order to learn
more about their design and construction.
While Flack + Kurtz and Gensler have
designed underfloor air systems for many
years, these trips nevertheless resulted in
a substantial amount of information that
the team was able to use in the design and
construction of the building. We talked
to a lot of contractors and owners, and we
asked them what worked and what did not
work where did they find problems with
constructing and operating underfloor air
systems? We talked about sequences of construction, how to best seal the raised floor
plenum so we wouldnt lose air through
the walls or core areas of the building, like
the elevator shafts. There were really good
lessons to learn, because you can design
a system one way, but standard building
practices, sequences, and tolerances must
be taken into account or some of the realities of construction could cause a `proper
design not to work as well as it should, said
Mitchell.
A BAS monitors, controls, and optimizes all of the HVAC systems in the building, including VAV
boxes and alarm monitoring and annunciation. (Photo courtesy of Nic Lehoux.)
They also learned a new way to distribute

air in large spaces such as conference rooms.
Swirl diffusers are typically used in a UFAD
system to introduce air into the space from
the raised floor plenum. However, in large
meeting room spaces with high occupancies
and loads, the required number of swirl diffusers becomes aesthetically unappealing.
We took an approach that we saw in a
large NATO auditorium in Europe, and we
re-engineered it with Gensler for the special
spaces of The New York Times Company so
that there are no visible diffusers in the raised
floor of their board room and other large
multi-purpose and conference rooms, said
Cooper. The floor tile itself is perforated, and
the carpet is designed with a special backing
to allow the supply air to percolate right up
through the carpeting into the space. When
youre in the space, you have no idea where
the air is coming from, but it feels great.
While the UFAD system made economic
sense for the spaces owned and occupied by
The New York Times Company, there was
no tenant demand for this advanced system
for the rest of the building. Therefore, the
rental office floors are provided with chilled
water air-handling systems and traditional
overhead duct distribution.
Outdoor air for ventilation of New York
Times Company floors is provided by cen-
tral VAV heating and cooling AHUs, which

consist of a pre-filter, medium efficiency filter
(85%), heating coil sized for morning warmup, humidifier, cooling coil, and fan section to
supply air to each typical floor fan room. The
outdoor air is fully dehumidified centrally so
that the floor-by-floor chilled water units can
typically run with dry coils, minimizing maintenance and maximizing IAQ. Sensors monitoring CO2 levels (occupancy) and VOCs (air
quality) in the return air also positively control
the amount of outside air that is delivered to
each floor. This demand controlled ventilation strategy minimizes the energy expended
conditioning outside air while maintaining
ideal indoor air quality, said Cooper.
Perimeter areas are zoned with VAV
fan-powered boxes mounted in the raised
floor plenum for New York Times Company
floors and overhead for Forest City Ratner
rental floors. For the New York Times Company floors, interior spaces use swirl diffusers for air distribution, and perimeter spaces
are provided with floor mounted linear bar
grilles located near the window line. For the
rental office floors, standard overhead diffusers will be employed with linear diffusers
along the perimeter ceiling.
MAINTAINING CONTROL
A Siemens APOGEE BAS monitors,
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Sign of the Times

controls, and optimizes the operation of
the HVAC systems and life safety functions
in the building. The BAS includes a central
control station with standalone distributed processing panels at various locations
throughout the building and is capable of
monitoring the following:
Automatic logging status of all input/out-
put points;
Condenser water and chilled water supply
and return temperatures;

Outside air drybulb and wetbulb temperatures;
Operating air and selected space tempera-
tures;
All VAV boxes (airflow and temperature).
The system provides the following control functions:
We talked to a lot
of contractors and
owners,, and
d we
asked them what
worked and what
did not work
where did they find
problems with
constructing and
operating
underfloor air
systems? We talked
about sequences of
construction, and
how to best seal
the raised floor
plenum so we
wouldnt lose air
through the walls
or core areas of
the building, like the
elevator shafts,
said Mitchell.
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An underfloor air distribution system was used in the New York Times building. To avoid using
swirl diffusers in large meeting room spaces, the floor tile instead was perforated and the carpet
designed with a special backing to allow the supply air in. (Photo courtesy of Nic Lehoux.)
Programmed optimized start/stop of all
HVAC systems and equipment;

Lead/lag control of pumps;
Control point adjustment of supply air
temperature;
Alarm monitoring and annunciation;
VAV box airflow and temperature adjustment.
Alarms are displayed on the system terminal and printer and are included for
key elements in the HVAC system, including reporting of normal status and/or temperature. The system also monitors critical
alarms of the building emergency generator
and fuel oil system.
Optimization and energy management
software allows for optimal start/stop,
demand control, and other functions, and
the system is programmed for PM scheduling of the buildings HVAC equipment.
The lighting, security, and motorized
shade systems are separate from the BAS,
and each system serves only its individual
function. The lighting control system by
Lutron provides dimmable light fixtures
throughout, allowing multiple light levels
depending on daylight entering the building
in the open office space. Individual offices
and conference rooms are also provided with
local switches, allowing each department to
set its light level according to preference. In
addition, all spaces contain occupancy sensors to control fixtures when the areas or
rooms are not in use.
The motorized shade system by Mechoshade is totally automatic based upon the
direction of the sun, solar heat gain within
the space, as well as sun glare on the work
surface. Sensors have been placed within
the interior of the building as well as on the
roof of the building to control the system.
Occupants within the office can manually
control the shades within their zone via local
touchscreens in the open office area or local
switch within the individual office.
From the design stage to finished building, it took almost seven years for The New
York Times Building to be completed, but the
entire process was a joy for the design teams
at Flack + Kurtz. It was a pleasure working
for such enlightened clients, said Cooper.
In planning the owner-occupied portion of
the building, The New York Times Company
was diligent in vetting and embracing new
technologies and approaches, so it was a
great experience. ES
After over a decade,

Turpin is wrapping
up a long, successful
tenure as contributing
editor for ES.
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When
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Ken Sinclair, editor and owner of AutomatedBuildings.com, provides a reflected review of a very
exciting year in the building automation industry, as well as some crystal-ball gazing about
what to expect for 2008.
BY KEN SINCLAIR
A REFLECTION OF THE BUILDING AUTOMATION
INDUSTRY FOR 2007
Looking at last year in the rear-view mirror, we see a maze of significant events that are rapidly reshaping the building automation (BA)
industry. The year started in Dallas at the AHR Expo, which always
seems to focus on what is new. We provided our eighth year of free
education sessions and were joined by Mr. GridWise, Jack Mc Gowan,
when the GridWise movement became endorsed as a part of the AHR
Expo and ASHRAE Annual Meeting.
Another announcement in Dallas was that oBIX was now an
OASIS Committee Specification. In addition, BACnet news came
from Rob Zivney, vice president of marketing with Hirsch Electronics, when he said, It is interesting that the first comprehensive
access control standard to emerge comes from the building controls
industry. I know that there are many endusers with existing BACnet
installations who are excited about the possibility of adding access
control to their systems.
These are significant industry events as they continue the necessary convergence of traditional building automation with the electrical grid, physical security, and the IT industries. Evolving standards
and GridWise thinking are fundamentally changing the way in which
we design, operate and use our buildings.
Jared Malarsky of ARCs market research team reached this conclusion, Based on this years AHR show, the question is no longer
whether to automate, but how to ensure the greatest return on this
worthwhile investment. Future growth of the BA systems market
depends on: building owner/operators maintaining a long-term view
of their buildings life cycle; suppliers offering dynamic solutions
that are interoperable with other building and enterprise systems to
create intelligent buildings; and maximizing reliability, comfort, and
efficiency through performance monitoring.
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Some of these concepts have now been documented in a 40-chapter industry hardcover book titled Web-Based Enterprise Energy and
Building Automation Systems. The book is about convergence, connectivity, and the new business paradigm that is creating, and shares
the thoughts of several of the folks writing for our publications.
GRIDWEEK
GridWeek, a four-day gathering of grid modernization leaders in
Washington, provided the BA industry a great opportunity to be part
of and to better understand how we fit into modernizing the United
States electric grid.
Over the past several years, the building industry has invested
heavily in the automation of speed controls to achieve energy savings. Most pumps, fans, chillers, and other building components have
been built or converted to operate with just enough speed/power to
meet required conditions. Unleashing this equipment to become an
interactive part of the electrical grid in a GridWise (www.gridwise.
org) fashion was a significant part of the focus of GridWeek. The BA
__
industry is ready, willing, and able to make this happen.
In addition to all the news, articles, and interviews that Mc Gowan
has been generating as a contributing editor for both Automated_______
Buildings.com and Engineered Systems, he has been chairman of the
GridWise Architectural Council, rallying the 13 members around
notions of interoperability and the need to develop a crosscutting
electricity community of people and organizations representing
industrial systems, building automation, home automation, and economic and regulatory policy in addition to electric service providers.
Mc Gowans day job is CEO of New Mexico-based Energy Control
Inc., a major player in the Grid Integration space. Mc Gowan has
helped evolve and elevate our industry from arriving on the scene as
building integrators and morphing into grid integrators.
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AHR Expo - Booth #1803

FREE INFO: 21
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Reflections and Projections
Mostt pump
ps,, fans,, ch
hillers,, and
d
other building components have
been built or converted to
operate with just enough
speed/power to meet required
conditions. Unleashing this
quiipmentt to become an
eq
interactive part of the
electrical grid in a GridWise
(www.g
gridwise.o
org) fashion
was a significant part of the
focus of GridWeek.
Mc Gowans contributions to GridWeek were significant, and the
GridWise Architecture Council received the Smart Grid Advocacy
Leadership Award.
TREMENDOUS OPPORTUNITIES IN DEMAND
RESPONSE
The U.S. Demand Response Coordinating Committee has developed
the following definition of demand response (DR): Providing electricity customers in both retail and wholesale electricity markets with
a choice whereby they can respond to dynamic or time-based prices
or other types of incentives by reducing and/or shifting usage, particularly during peak periods, such that these demand modifications
can address issues such as pricing, reliability, emergency response, and
infrastructure planning, operation, and deferral.
Quite simply, DR allows users and utilities to work together to
address one of the most critical challenges of the electricity business:
peak demand. A complicating factor is that DOE is projecting a 40%
increase in electric demand over the next 20 years. DR offers a way for
utilities to hedge against how fast they will have to build infrastructure
by offering an incentive to users who are willing to reduce load at
critical times. Technology is the key to making this happen as BAS can
implement a wide variety of strategies to achieve the load reduction.
A few of these strategies including pre-cooling before the demand
period, using thermal storage and integrating CHP, and emergency
generation to reduce electricity that is needed from the grid.
With DR, the incentives often take the form of money that can
be used in part to pay for capital improvements that will support
the demand response strategy, and in part can be taken in cash by
the customer to reward their participation. The projected increase in
demand will likely be driven in part by cooling, but also by the many
aspects of our lifestyle that require electricity.
The committee is exploring how information technology and
interoperability can be used to improve both reliability and efficiency on the nations electric system or grid. DR has successfully
demonstrated interoperability between computer systems on both
sides of the meter.
The first DR-Expo, held in Chicago on October 16-17, 2007, had
a tremendous turnout of over 200 participants. The feedback was
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consistent that DR-Expo was extremely valuable for the evolution not
only of DR and energy management, but also for the further deployment of new technologies such as IP and Web services to the building
systems market. The requests from sponsors, speakers, and attendees
alike were for DR-Expo to be held at least twice a year in the U.S.
In November, over 160 industry experts assembled in Albuquerque, NM to join the GridWise Architecture Council (GWAC) for the
first Grid-Interop Forum.
Systems integrators, business managers, and policymakers from
the electric, manufacturing, commercial building, and home automation industries discovered common ground for advancing a smarter
electricity system. At Grid-Interop, attendees representing these various sectors shook the walls that divide them and explored ways that
their automation technologies can connect together and coordinate to
create a better electricity system.
THE INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS ROADMAP
The Intelligent Buildings Roadmap, prepared by Paul Ehrlich, P.E. of
Building Intelligence Group, was released on August 1, 2007. The roadmap is a collaborative, industry-funded research project that explores the
opportunities offered by emerging intelligent building technologies.
The roadmaps primary objective is to identify strategies for developing intelligent buildings that have the greatest potential to drive
broad acceptance. The report examines the challenges facing intelligent building implementation within North America and identifies
the market developments and industry initiatives needed to support
the wider adoption of these technologies.
ES/BACNET SUSTAINABILITY CONFERENCE
While attending the Building Automation & Sustainability Conference & Expo, hosted by ES and BACnet in Phoenix, the view from
Our newfound substance,

connectivity, is no longer a
concept; it is the new reality
that is changing how we work
and what our industry will look
like in the near future.
Connectivity concepts such
as the smart grid, the
greening of buildings with
better connections to
everything, coupled with
connections to powerful
Web
b serviices and
d the nottion
of Buildings 2.0
0, are all
creatting new directtions
and markets for our industry.
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the hotel window provided a real reflection that reminded us that

the traditional hard building lines are becoming quite soft and pliable in the new order of the three Cs: conservation, connectivity, and
convergence.
Deep integration was discussed in every session, along with how
the new converged model of our industry includes close, near, and
far integration.
With all this growth in Web-based capabilities, the traditional lines
of the building industry are melting into softer identities that closer
reflect the virtual nature of our Web-based ways.
This radical growth and blurring of traditional lines brings with
it a responsibility for us as an industry to better document our value
statements and present ourselves as ready and willing partners in the
new converged, connected, and conserving world.
BEMaGS
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With all this growth in

Web-b
based capabilities, the
traditional lines of the building
industry are melting into softer
identities that closer reflect
the virtual nature of our
Web
b-b
based
d way
ys.
companies wanting to understand how they could become involved in
DR programs. These companies all shared two common attributes: 1)
an awareness of the increasing emphasis and market need for sustainable energy solutions; and 2) they wanted to bring these products and
services to their customers. The alliance was formed so that we could
share information and help drive innovation across the BAS industry
with best practices, new technologies, and advanced energy strategies
to bring demand response to every building that has a BAS.
Given that the BAS are already connected to most of the energy
consuming devices in buildings, we quickly realized that the best,
most efficient, and readily available means to create energy responsive
buildings was to work together to leverage and enhance the existing
infrastructure of installed systems with energy market information
49
NEWENERGY ALLIANCE
Leighton Wolffe, principal with Wolffe Technology Consultants,
announced the formation of the NewEnergy Alliance, an organization
founded by Constellation NewEnergy that includes leading equipment manufacturers, building automation companies, system integrators, and software application businesses. The purpose of the new
alliance is to work with Constellation to drive innovation and create
energy responsive buildings. He shared his thoughts on the alliance in
an interview on AutomatedBuildings.com.
We were approached by a number of industry leaders and BAS
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Call Desert Aire at (262) 946-7400, or read more information

about VerticalAire at: ________________________
www.VA12011.desert-aire.com
We Fax: (262) 946-7401
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info@desert-aire.com
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47
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Reflections and Projections
I pred
dictt thatt the buiilding
g
automation industry will demand
dollars for giving back kW of
electrical peak demand to
the grid. This new reality will
change everything, while
g a new and
d very
y
creatting
demanding DR industry.
and advanced load response capabilities.
Our building automation industry can now demand dollars for giving
back kW of electrical peak demand to the grid. This new reality is changing everything, while creating a new and very demanding DR industry.
This new industry comes with new dollars for our industry, which were
previously spent on providing electrical generation and distribution. We
have a tremendous resource in our September issue about this incredible
opportunity. Please make time to read these insightful articles.
GridWise and DR thinking comes to summation in Net Zero Projects, another article on AutomatedBuildings.com. These projects show
us how to integrate the building as a power plant to provide both its
own power while passing on any excess power to the grid. These leading
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edge projects show how we can actually expand our existing electrical
grid without adding traditional generation or distribution.
MY PROJECTION FOR THE BA INDUSTRY FOR 2008
This 2007 BAS reflection exposes the strong relationship that has
developed with the electrical grid that will forever change the value
integrated building automation can provide.
I predict that this reflection will clearly evolve in 2008, as DR and
GridWise, coupled with new relationships and new money, result in a
significant reorganization of our industry.
The green building movement and our rapidly evolving necessity
to achieve sustainability will radically reconfigure both our traditional
building stock and the way buildings are built.
The net zero building reflection showed how renewable energy
sources can be integrated with the grid where and when they are
needed. My prediction is that in 2008 all major existing buildings will
be re-evaluated to understand the financial potential of increasing
their interaction with the electrical grid.
New partnerships will abound such as those described in Constellations NewEnergy Alliance that will create significant industry collaboration, reorganization, and focus. Building integration with the
grid will become the key driving force for othe BA industry.
To simplify communications with our many new partners and
the general public, graphics will be the key. Traditional dynamic
information graphics will morph into interactive Web pages and will
appear anywhere they are required to educate and inform the building stakeholders of their contribution to sustainability. Simplified
communication is extremely important and I am always interested in
new developments such as browser and field device alerts. The use of
networked digital signage presents new ways of getting our important
messages to our clients and building occupants.
I predict that the building automation industry will demand dollars for giving back kW of electrical peak demand to the grid. This
new reality will change everything, while creating a new and very
demanding DR industry. This new industry will come with new dollars for our industry, which were previously spent on providing peak
electrical generation and distribution.
Our newfound substance, connectivity, is no longer a concept; it
is the new reality that is changing how we work and what our industry will look like in the near future. Connectivity concepts such as
the smart grid, the greening of buildings with better connections to
everything, coupled with connections to powerful Web services and
the notion of Buildings 2.0, are all creating new directions and markets for our industry. This requires that we all re-examine our core
business models and make adjustments.
The AHR Expo 2008 in New York will feature our ninth year of
providing technical educational sessions. We lead off with Greening
the Big Apple with New Building Automation Ideas, and will continue
with open discussions about building automations role in achieving
sustainability and the impact of new codes and
communication standards. We will expand on
these reflections and projects, so please join us
and share your thoughts. ES
Sinclair is editor/owner of AutomatedBuildings.

com and a member of the Engineered
Systems editorial advisory board. Reach him
at sinclair@automatedbuildings.com.
_______________________
FREE INFO: 19
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In short, were meeting your high standards.
Cooling and Heating ERVs.

Along with our basic ERVs, Greenheck also has models that include cooling
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Centrifugal & Vane Axial Fans Fans & Ventilators Energy Recovery Ventilators Make-up Air Units Kitchen Ventilation Systems Dampers & Louvers
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Engineered Systems
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A 53-story Chelsea building must meet a towering array of life safety code requirements for its
various spaces. Elsewhere in Manhattan, a nondescript command center requires heavily integrated
fire/smoke control, security, and HVAC systems. And a Brooklyn data center wanted a more modern
fire suppression approach but faced a code that required sprinklers. Whether literally high-profile or
intentionally anonymous, NYC projects and their owners are navigating a maze of constraints while
keeping the fundamental goal in sight.
BY BARRY CAMPBELL
Mixed-Use In Manhattan
As increasing numbers of mixed-use buildings appear in the Big
Apple, they must clear significant hurdles to meet life safety codes.
With these combinations of hotels, apartments, and retail/commercial components sharing a roof and structural elements, what HVAC
or life safety design adjustments must be made?
In 2006, J.D. Carlisle Development Corporation began plans to
erect a 53-story mixed-use tower at 839 Avenue of the Americas,
between 29th and 30th Streets in New York City. Engineering a
mixed-use tower of this magnitude, with a faade of over 50% glass
window-wall and with separate hotel and residential life safety and
mechanical systems, proved to be a challenge.
MOVING ON UP TO A DELUXE
The 600,000-sq-ft mixed-use tower will be located in Manhattans
Chelsea neighborhood and will include four stories of below-grade
parking, 22 stories of hotel/guest rooms, and 30 stories of residential
apartments. A public, landscaped urban plaza will connect West 29th
and West 30th Streets and serve as an alternate entrance into the hotel
and restaurant.
Perkins Eastman Architects PC leads the team of over 15 consultants and subconsultants, including Dagher Engineering PLLC, who
is providing engineering services through all phases of development
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design and construction (involving all MEP, sanitary, fire protection,

and life safety design). The 287-room hotel and 291 apartments are
scheduled to open in 2009.
The mechanical and electrical space located above the hotel tower
(floors 1 to 22) contained an 18-ft, floor-to-floor ceiling height dictated
by the hotel elevator bank overrun and traction mechanical room. This
large 8,000-sq-ft footprint located on the 23rd floor was used to house
separate hotel and residential mechanical systems. A two-tier design
was used to contain five Cleaver Brooks boilers, one Multistack modular
chiller, five PVI heat exchangers for domestic hot water storage, 13 highefficiency Armstrong water pumps, 20 Greenheck fans, five Armstrong
expansion tanks, two Armstrong plate-and-frame heat exchangers, one
Armstrong shell and tube heat exchanger, two pneumatic cushion tanks,
five domestic water Therm-x-Trol expansion tanks, over 700-sq-ft of
louver area, and over 500 ft of ductwork and piping.
APARTMENT HVAC
The residential mechanical HVAC system was initially designed as a
waterside heat pump system similar to the hotel design. However, a
shift in the real estate market during the design process triggered the
owner to switch from high-end luxury condos to a more efficient,
moderate apartment design.
Several mechanical systems were considered for the apartments.
Steam baseboard and hot water baseboard systems were some of the
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FIRE & SMOKE
At Ruskin, we know that stopping the spread of re and smoke is critical for preventing
property loss and even death when building res occur. Thats why were serious about
performance. We match our industry leading re, smoke and combination re/smoke
dampers with Honeywell H2000 actuators test them to the toughest UL standards,
and then back that up with third party performance certication from AMCA.
To learn more about Ruskin re and smoke control solutions, or to locate a representative
nearest you, visit our website at www.ruskin.com or call us at (816) 761-7476.
Ruskin 25 Series offers:
Ruskin 60 Series offers:
Honeywell H2000 Actuator offers:
re damper only or combination re/smoke

damper models
true, round design, without transitions or collars
unique cinch plate design for easiest
installation in round duct systems
extremely low pressure drop
UL555S Leakage Class I rating
(re/smoke damper)
re, smoke and combination re/smoke models

exclusive one-piece airfoil blade design for
greater strength
extremely low pressure drop even at
higher velocities
UL555S Leakage Class I rating
(smoke and re/smoke damper)
contractor friendly versatile installations
reduced power consumption only 9W during holding

no special cycling required during long-term holding
fast open and close operation in conformance
with UL555S
integral spring return for dependable operation
no audible noise during holding
direct coupled mounting with no linkage to slip
Air & Sound Control

www.ruskin.com
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FREE INFO: 61
www.customer.honeywell.com
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Profiles In Safety
Residential Apartments
(Floors 24 to 53)
Mechanical Room
(Floors 23)
Hotel Guest Room

(Floors 6 to 22)
Hotel Common Areas

(Floors 1 to 5)
Parking Garage
(Levels C-1 to C-4)
Plaza
FIGURE 1. A building outline of 839 Avenue of the Americas.
many options, but they were eliminated due to cost, possible excessive
maintenance, and the owners requirement to maximize the glass area
in each apartment.
In the end, A/C and heating for the 291 residential units was provided by a two-pipe hot/cold water system using both console and
vertical fancoil units. The water supply is switched seasonally from the
23rd floor mechanical room to provide hot or chilled water.
In the summer, chilled water is provided by a Multistack 300-ton,
air cooled modular chiller located on the 53rd floor roof. Each module uses multiple 15-ton compressors to avoid the requirements of a
stationary engineer for the building.
In the winter, two dedicated Cleaver Brooks flexible watertube
gas-fired, 167-bhp boilers provide heat to the fancoil unit system. The
250,000-sq-ft residential tower (floors 24 to 53) has approximately
62% glass-window wall, therefore in order to maintain thermal comfort, all vertical and console fancoil units are located at the perimeter
of the residential apartments.
International Environmental vertical and horizontal fancoil units
were specified for the residential space. The location of the fancoil
unit along the perimeter of each apartment allows the air to discharge
across the large area of glass, providing maximum comfort for the
occupants and maximizing the views.
HOTEL HVAC
The 287 hotel rooms are air conditioned and heated by individual
room horizontal ceiling water source heat pumps by Climatemaster.
A 600-ton, Evapco two-cell, evaporative cooling tower located on the
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roof will provide heat rejection (cooling) for the heat pump units. The
cooling tower plant and water circulating pumps were sized based on
the building peak bulk load using Tranes TRACE software.
Three dedicated Cleaver Brooks flexible watertube 167-bhp, gasfired boilers provide supplemental heat to the hotels heat pump
condenser water system in the winter. The hotel heating and cooling
systems are designed to maintain comfort conditions that comply
with the New York City Building Department Code and the New York
State Energy Code.
Express hot water supply and return risers provide hot water to the
AHUs, which serve the lower floors as well as air curtains on the first level
garage for tempering of makeup air for the garage exhaust system.
Two smoke purge fans located in the ceiling of the third floor serve
floors 2 to 5 of the hotel. The first floor lobbies and retail areas have
individual smoke purge fans to allow for the separation of occupancies within the first floor. All smoke purge fans are sized for the coderequired 6 ach of floor volume and are integrated into the fire alarm
control panel in the main level lobby.
IN COMMON
The hotel and residential common areas on floors 1 to 5 will be air
conditioned by ceiling hung McQuay AHUs located in the ceiling
areas of the back of house and on interstitial mezzanine areas between
floors. A combination of fan-powered boxes and VAV boxes downstream of the AHUs are zoned for particular heating and cooling
requirements of the individual rooms on the lower floors.
Chilled water to the AHUs is provided by a dedicated Multistack
300-ton, water cooled chiller located in the 23rd floor mechanical
room. The chiller waste heat will be rejected to a plate and frame heat
exchanger located in the mechanical chiller room to an evaporative
cooled 600-ton condenser water loop. The open tower condenser
water loop will be isolated to the chiller closed loop because of water
treatment and high-pressure concerns. Waterside economizers will
provide free cooling in the winter season.
The OA ventilation requirements for both the hotel and residential
units are met by means of natural ventilation through operable windows. All interior public corridors and common spaces are mechanically ventilated by separate rooftop or air cooled A/C units. All studio
apartments are also mechanically exhausted by a centrifugal roof or
utility exhaust fan located on the 23rd-floor mechanical room.
The occupancy classification of the hotel according the New York
City Code is J-1, which requires a smoke control mechanical system of 6
ach for the largest hotel floor. Two smoke exhaust shaftways are located
along the hotel portion of the tower and are connected to a dedicated
fan system located in the 23rd-floor mechanical room. The four stories
of below-grade parking are served by individual supply and exhaust
shaftways for each floor. The system is also tied to a CO2 detection system that mechanically controls the exhaust and supply fans.
MIXED-USE CHALLENGES
Several challenges unique to this mixed-use building were presented
through design constraints, which were addressed by Dagher Engineering working closely with Perkins Eastman Architects, Kimpton
Hotels, Philip Koether Architects, McCarten, and Titus Air Management. These difficulties, although not unique to the industry, nevertheless presented an interesting approach to the buildings HVAC
requirements.
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Roof
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Roof
Armstrong
Model 4380
450GPM each
(In parallel)
24 - 53 FL.
24 - 53 FL.
Armstrong
Model 4380
30GPM
SCWP-5H
Armstrong
model 4030
450GPM each
(In parallel)
SCWP-6H
SCWP-3H
P-9H
SCWP-4H
P-7H
P-8H
Pressure differential
by-pass (Typical)
HWP-3H
HWP-4H
HWP-5H
B-3H
B-4H
B-5H
167 BHP
167 BHP
167 BHP
HW
HW
Kitch.
HW
23rd FL.
Mechanical
23rd FL.
Mechanical
Armstrong
Model 4380
600GPM each
(In parallel)
Armstrong
Model 4380
30GPM
To hotel/restaurant
FIGURE 2. Hotel/restaurant mechanical system.
The criteria for the hotel public areas (restaurant space, ballrooms,
pre-function rooms, etc.) mandate full floor-to-slab glass heights
without the use of perimeter radiation at the base of the glass faade.
The average floor-to-floor heights are 16-ft with 12-ft high soffits
approximately 2.5 ft from the glass faade.
Titus recommended the Dyna-Fuser, a linear air diffuser able to
provide a vertically projected airstream during the heating season and
a horizontal airstream during cooling season. To minimize stratification of the airstream, a terminal velocity of 150 fpm at approximately
4-ft, 6-in. above the floor is used during the heating season.
In order to cover the upper portion of the glass with warm air
and prevent condensation from occurring during the heating season,
a linear return slot or opening is placed at the upper portion of the
ceiling soffit. To prevent airstreams from converging and dropping at
the corners of the rooms where linear diffusers meet at right angles,
one section of the linear diffuser will be set in a fixed vertical projection. The use of fan-powered boxes will allow for a constant airflow
across the glass surface to reduce temperature gradients and drafts,
and prevent stratification of the room air.
The hotel guest rooms design includes full floor to slab glass
heights without the use of perimeter radiation at the base, sidewall, or
ceiling of glass faade. Perkins Eastman Architects will provide a soffit
ceiling within the hotel rooms at a maximum distance of 12-ft from
glass faades. Working closely with Titus, certain design methods
and parameters were developed to achieve thermal comfort for the
occupants of the space.
To obtain longer horizontal throw distances, the Coanda Effect will
be used, causing the airstream to become attached to the ceiling and
reducing air induction. To use this effect, the top of the supply grille is
designed to be within 6-in. of the ceiling. A secondary result of using
the Coanda Effect is that airflow will continue along the surface of a
wall after traveling along the ceiling, if the end of the room is reached
with negligible momentum loss to the airstream when altering directions. This will allow the airflow to continue vertically down the glass
after traveling along the ceiling.
Unlike the hotel common area that used a terminal velocity of 150
fpm, a terminal velocity of 125 fpm at approximately 4-ft, 6-in. above
the floor was used during the heating season. This is due to decreased
airflow temperature gradients and buoyancy as the airflow induces
room air while traveling along the ceiling.
Having the airflow reach this distance from the ceiling will minimize
stratification of room air. In order to meet all design parameters, a side
wall supply grille with 22 horizontal deflections located within 6-in.
of the ceiling was used for heating and cooling applications in hotel
guest rooms. Manually controlled three-setting fan speed switches are
provided to allow hotel guests the opportunity to increase fan speed in
winter, which will increase airflow throw values, and decrease fan speed
in the summer, which will reduce potential drafts.
LIFE SAFETY SYSTEM DESIGN
The life safety systems designed are unique to meet the demands
of the New York City Building Code, the NFPA, and the International
Building Code. Meeting the latest design requirements, while delivering a code compliant structure, was a challenging experience.
Dual 6-in. fire services are supplied to the building from West
29th and West 30th Streets. Detector check valves are located at the
foundation wall(s) to meet the requirements for backflow prevention.
The services then cross connect and supply a 750-gpm manual fire
pump that will serve the entire structure and a 500-gpm automatic
fire pump serving the hotel portion only. In addition, New York City
Fire Department Siamese connections are located on all streets and tie
to the pump discharge(s).
The fire reserve for the Residential Tower is supplied from a 5,000gal reserve tank located at the roof level. This tank is filled by a dedi-
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Profiles In Safety
cated set of duplex fill pumps located in the C-1 garage level
The High Zone portion of the Residential Tower is supplied from
a 500-gpm special service fire booster pump located in the fire reserve
tank room on the roof. This pump supplies the residential sprinklers
until the gravity pressure from the tank reaches 60 psi and can take over.
Six-in. combined sprinkler/standpipe risers are supplied in the stair,
and sprinkler valve rigs are complete with tamper and flow switches
tied to the buildings fire alarm system on all floors.
There is a separate sprinkler supply riser for the trash chute in
the Residential Tower. The design criterion for the residential tower
is light hazard occupancy. All mechanical room spaces are designed
for Ordinary Hazard Group-1, and sidewall sprinklers are provided
where possible in the apartments to maximize ceiling heights.
The hotel portion of the tower has a dedicated 500-gpm automatic
fire pump to supply only the lower 300 ft of the building. The pump
is designed to supply a minimum 60 psi at the upper most floor of
the hotel. A 6-in. combined sprinkler/standpipe riser is supplied for
the hotel, along with a dedicated 6-in. standpipe riser and separate
laundry chute riser.
All sprinkler control valves are provided with tamper and flow
switches as required by NYC building code and wired to the buildings
Class-E fire alarm system. Design criteria for the hotel sprinklers
will be light hazard for guest rooms and corridors and Ordinary
Hazard Group-1 for all mechanical equipment rooms, loading dock
area, and retail spaces.
In addition, fire supply risers are provided with sectional control valves and pressure reducing valves where required to meet the
maximum pressure code restrictions. All fire standpipe riser piping is
designed to meet the pressures within each zone.
The four lower garage levels are supplied from the hotel automatic fire
pump and are designed with a dry type sprinkler system. Individual (heated) dry-pipe valve rooms are located on each of the garage levels, and all dry
sprinkler piping is galvanized steel. All below-grade levels are designed for
Ordinary Hazard Group 1 with upright sprinklers throughout.
FIRE ALARM SYSTEM DESIGN
The fire alarm systems designed for this combination hotel, restaurant,
four-level below-grade garage, and residential tower are separated to
meet the requirements of the New York City Electrical Code, New York
City Building Code, and especially the demands the of the New York City
Fire Department. The hotel, restaurant, apartment, and garage fire alarm
systems will communicate and be integrated to each other to monitor
trouble conditions to the other portions of the building.
The systems are also backed up by an emergency generator and battery power sources. The hotel portion will have a Class J system with
voice evacuation and fire fighters telephone system, which annunciates
a fire alarm condition to guests in the building and allows communication points for firefighters throughout the hotel portion of the building
as an alternative option if their communication system is interrupted.
Data Center Health Is A

Plus In Brooklyn
Health Plus is one of the fastest-growing managed care organizations in New York City. Established in 1984 by Lutheran Medical Center (LMC) to provide coordinated quality health care and improve
54
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The hotel, restaurant,

apartment, and garage fire
alarm systems will be
integrated. The hotel portion
will have a Class J system
with voice evacuation and
fire fighters tellep
phone sy
ysttem,,
which annunciates a fire alarm
condition to guests and allows
communication points for
firefighters throughout the
hotel portion of the building
if their communication
system is interrupted.
access to care for a diverse and growing number of uninsured New
Yorkers in Southwest Brooklyn, Health Plus now serves the five boroughs of New York and Nassau County and covers nearly 270,000
members.
With 15 offices around the state wired into the main data center
at its Brooklyn main hub, the organization needed a fire protection
system in their main computer server room, which serves as the
backbone of the companys business and ties together all affiliated
branches. Downtime is not an option for this critical center located in
a five-floor, multi-tenant building, which is monitored 24/7/365.
Health Plus officials sought bids for this process and ended up
selecting Simplex Grinnell and Ansul Incorporated to provide a system to automatically detect and suppress any potential threat of fire.
Work on the project began in mid-September 2007, and as this article
went to press, the final phases of construction to seal the space and
modify the purge exhaust system were being completed.
FIRE PROTECTION FOOTPRINTS
Originally, two clean agent fire protection systems were considered:
the ANSUL INERGEN System and HFC 227 EA. INERGEN is an
environmentally friendly fire suppression solution with no atmospheric lifetime and zero ozone depletion. It extinguishes a fire by
lowering O2 levels to where combustion cannot be sustained (greater
than 15%).
However, according to Luis Gonzalez, Regional Special Hazards
representative for SimplexGrinnell LP, in this case the footprint of the
ANSUL SAPPHIRE system was better suited for Health Pluss available floor space than INERGEN. Because Health Plus occupies only
two floors of the building, SAPPHIREs smaller footprint made it the
preferred solution for this project, he said.
Since SAPPHIRE uses Novec 1230 fire protection fluid, it was the
system of choice because of its environmental impact as well as its physical footprint. The system provided Health Plus with an effective solution
to meet their fire protection needs, and saved valuable real estate.
Of course, local fire protection codes mandate what is acceptable
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for use in protecting a buildings data center and what is not. The New
York Fire Department is the AHJ, and as such requires sprinkler systems in all commercial buildings of this size and occupancy rating.
The building is sprinklered and has a fire alarm system installed
throughout. However, the release of water from a sprinkler system
would present a critical disruption to the operation of Health Pluss
business. Therefore, the intent was to protect the critical nature of
their computer equipment with a smoke detection system that was
coupled with an automatic SAPPHIRE System.
Removing the sprinklers from the protected space required petitioning the NYC Building Department for a variance. After several
months, the variance was granted as long as main and reserved SAPPHIRE systems were installed.
The SAPPHIRE system notifies Health Plus of any potential
problems within the protected space, and during non-manned hours
would discharge automatically during the earliest stages of a fire to
limit a potential disruption, said Gonzalez.
AN INTEGRAL PART
The interface between the SAPPHIRE System and SAPPHIREs
HVAC equipment is an integral part of the design of the system. The
automatic or manual activation of the system is set in motion by the
activation of either a combination of two smoke detectors (known as
cross-zone activation), or by the operation of an emergency manual
pull station. Audible and visual alarms immediately operate to notify
the occupants of an imminent problem within the protected space.
This gives tenants an opportunity to investigate or evacuate and allow
the extinguishing gas to do its work.
Additionally, in accordance with NYC Codes, a dedicated duct
was provided for purge exhaust per NYC code. Fortunately, there was
ductwork already in the space that could be used for this purpose. A
modification to the ductwork with the addition of a couple of dampers will allow the balance of the space to be properly interlocked. And
with all of these measures taken, the Health Plus staff rests easier
knowing the backbone of its business is properly protected.
Power To The People

Consolidated Edison Company of New York (Con Edison, a.k.a. Con
Ed), provides electric, gas, and steam distribution to 9 million people in
the region, including 3.2 million electric customers, in addition to more
than 1 million gas customers and 1 million steam customers in Manhattan. Along with the demands of powering the Big Apple comes the
responsibility of maintaining those power supplies and securing them
from sabotage, natural disasters, and other causes of outages.
After the 9/11 attacks and the Northeast Blackout of 2003, Con
Edison Corporate Security decided, with guidance of the New York
State Public Service Commission, to establish an operations center
for the entire Con Edison Corporate Security structure. It was a joint
effort between the companys Engineering, Construction Management, and Corporate Security departments and Caltron Security
Services Corp., a Queens, New York-based security vendor.
After the 9/11 impact, every system in New York City got evaluated, and since our system is so sensitive and needs to be operational
24/7/365, it was no exception, said Scott Gross, systems specialist with
the Con Edison Corporate Security Department. The projects initial
design started three years ago.
The Security Center has the capability to monitor access control,

CCTV, and intrusion alarms for all Con Edison facilities.
LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION

The utilitys Facility Management and Facility Engineers departments
tackled a good chunk of the design and specification (including the
mechanical systems) in conjunction with the Corporate Security
department. Since security is of the utmost importance, the building
needed to be as anonymous as possible.
The location is not in an urban center, so other challenges that
would be faced with skyscrapers, etc., were not present, said Gross.
While there wasnt a concerted effort to make the facility green per se,
the fact that its in a recycled warehouse-type building thats roughly
a century old was appealing. The buildings structure also lent itself to
easy ducting and cabling with its open ceiling, and its also centrally
located for optimum communications, both internal and external.
The 2,400-sq-ft (roughly) center was slated for completion in early
December 2007, and as this article went to press, its massive video wall
installation was proceeding as well as connection to all the utilitys
facilities. The center will have the capability to monitor access control,
CCTV, and intrusion alarms for all Con Edison facilities in the five
boroughs and Westchester County. It will also have the capability to
monitor intrusion/perimeter alarms, BMS systems, and in the future,
fire alarms throughout entire corporate structure.
The center basically consists of a LAN room, which is essentially its
computer or data center, and the general control room. The centers fire
alarm system was designed internally by the engineering staff and then
approved by the AHJ. A Pyrotronics MXL system was zoned to provide
notice of an incident occurring in LAN room including the ceiling,
above ceiling, and below the raised floor, and included duct detectors.
The center receives redundant signals via Con Eds LAN, WAN,
and dedicated telephone lines and has direct communications with
all local emergency agencies. Redundant times-two diesel generators
back it, and the LAN room is supplied by a UPS.
The LAN room is protected by a Halon fire suppression system,
and the entire building is equipped with an evacuation system, all of
which were supplied by Pyrotronics and System Sensor.
KEEPING IT COOL
Both the LAN room and the control room have split-type A/C sys-
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Profiles In Safety
tems (interior AHUs and exterior condensers), according to Don

Azzolini, section manager of facilities engineering, whos responsible
for facilities at all the utilitys commercial buildings.
In the LAN room, a ductless system was the way to go, Azzolini
said. We selected a Liebert system, and we wanted to go ductless. It
was a small enough room where you can just pump the air in there,
and it handles it just fine, he added.
The 3-ton Liebert units each have the capacity to serve the room
while the other serves as a backup. Azzolini said that since the building was so open in terms of walls and ceiling the installation was very
straightforward.
In the control room, two Lenox 8-ton ducted split systems were
deployed. Azzolini said that since there was already electric infrastructure in place along with a diesel generator with enough capacity to
serve the control room, they just had to tap into them.
In total, Con Ed has approximately 100 buildings (facilities),
including offices, work locations, substations, and control centers.
Knowing they are all tied together and that the unifying system has
proper HVAC protection is key since Con Ed customers are using
20% more electricity than they did 10 years ago, and estimates suggest
demand will rise another 10%-15% in the next decade.
Commanding Attention
Major incidents, such as the 9/11 attacks, propelled physical security
to the top of the list of building design priorities. That effect was more
noticeable in New York City than any other place, where the impact of
9/11 was the highest, coupled with its sheer number of high-rise commercial buildings and the heavy presence of financial institutions.
Mohammed Atif Shehzad is security group manager for Constantin
Walsh-Lowe, LLC, an IT consulting firm based in Jersey City, NJ, with
offices in Boston, Chicago, San Francisco, and London. According
to Atif Shehzad, one of the main lessons learned from 9/11 was the
importance of accountability of staff and visitors inside an office space.
It was now not only important to secure a building, but also equally
important to know how many people had gone inside, how to locate
them, and how to account for them as they safely evacuated, he said.
This was a key concept when Constantin Walsh-Lowe was commissioned by a client (who preferred to remain nameless in this article) to
design a new security command center in their headquarters office in New
York City. The vision of the command center was laid out as the central hub
for all security and life safety monitoring for the New York City headquarters and 57 future offices worldwide. The project also included use of fire
stairs for interfloor travel, which has become an increasingly common trend
in New York City and other cities with high-rise commercial buildings.
STAIRING AT AN INTEGRATED SYSTEM
Walsh-Lowe initially viewed the project as an integrated solution
involving technology, alarm monitoring, and business policy. In order
to provide a single source of monitoring for all of their offices, we needed to provide maximum integration across various systems, including
HVAC, Atif Shehzad said.
The core of the monitoring environment remained physical
security and access control. However, a key component was also
monitoring life safety and building systems. In order to develop a
robust solution, the client, Constantin Walsh-Lowe, and Security
Services and Technologies (SST), the security systems integrator, ini-
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A CCTV camera in each room is

integrated with the command
center. The camera is triggered
the instant an HVAC alarm
activa
ates. This wo
ould allow the
security staff in the command
center to view the conditions
inside the room before having
to dispatch anyone, thus
saving time and making the
proper decision on whom to
dispatch with certain
instructions.
tiated several new pilots to test emerging technologies in the field of
physical security. These included CCTV surveillance systems, building
systems monitoring, video wall and command center solutions, and
integrated and automated policy engines.
Upon completion of pilot testing, selected manufacturers were then
specified and commissioned to implement the envisioned solution. For
life safety and the BMS, the following standards were developed:
Temperature, humidity, and water sensors in security data centers to
monitor temperature and humidity of the room, chiller basins for

water leaks, UPS power activation, and battery status.
Live monitoring of the building systems alarms in the new security
command center, coupled with an integrated policy to report alarms
to the proper engineering groups.
Integrated GUI showing locations of physical alarms, with priority
on each alarm.
A threshold was set to prioritize alarms vs. warnings vs. indications.
A CCTV camera in each room, integrated with the command
center. The camera would activate the instant an HVAC alarm was
activated. This would allow the security staff in the command center
to view the conditions inside the room before having to dispatch
anyone, thus saving time and making the proper decision on whom
to dispatch with certain instructions.
The system would also tie in to the access control system to remotely
enable or disable access to the room, shut down systems inside the
room or follow any other instructions as developed by the business.
In addition to the HVAC monitoring of
critical security rooms, the project also focused
on stairwells being used for interfloor travels.
Both security and life-safety concerns were a
factor for staff traveling inside the stairs. The
stairwells were equipped with access control,
fully integrated with the fire alarm system. ES
Campell is ES associate and mutimedia editor.
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When
YOU NEED
Humidity...
... for critical patient care

Correct humidity is the key element required to maximize performance and
reliability in both humans and their equipment.
When it comes to patient care, no one has more experience with humidity
than NORTEC. In hospitals and nursing homes, humidifiers are the workhorse
for respiratory concerns, equipment operation and preventing the spread of
bacteria and viruses. Whether it is localized humidity control for individual
operating theatres or whole hospital humidification, NORTEC has successfully
done it all.
for more than 30 years, NORTEC has the technology and application
experience to meet the needs of any care facility.
future projects.
_____________________
AxAir Nortec
a WMH company
1-866-NORTEC1 nortec@humidity.com
________________
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FREE INFO: 145
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Its that time of year again. We invite AHR Expo exhibitors to tell us whats new since last year.
We whittle their releases into manageable portions. You get to do a little recon before you reach
New York about which booths to put on your convention center dance card. Pack this along with
your comfy shoes, and youll be ready to roam the aisles.
COMPILED BY ES STAFF
COOLING TOWERS
Protecs FWS Series single-, double-, and multi-cell cooling tower
configurations are designed for commercial, institutional, and industrial loads. All major components of the series have been developed to
ensure maximum efficiency with low energy consumption, according
to the manufacturer. Other features include a cross-flow design for
ease of maintenance and a small footprint.
features measurement and display of local temperature with optional

pushbutton setpoint adjustment. The room temperature is shown
on an easy-to-read LCD in either F or C (field selectable via front
pushbuttons for setpoint models). The setpoint values are transmitted as resistive values for easy configuration with the controller. The
sensor and setpoint outputs can be configured for common ground
or differential controller inputs.
TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS AND SENSORS

The HUMICAP Series HMD/W/60/70 humidity and temperature
transmitters from Vaisala feature 4 to 20mA
loop powered or voltage inputs, +2% rh accuracy, and on-site calibration. The HUMICAP
is available in three models: U, humidity only;
Y, humidity and temperature; and T, temperature only.
Building Automation Products, Inc. is showing its low-profile Decora Style room unit, which
fits inside a Decora Style wall plate. It
IAQ
TSI Incorporated will showcase its newly redesigned line of
anemometers and IAQ instruments at the Expo. The thermal
anemometers feature intuitive operation, a large display, and LogTSI Incorporated will showcase
its newly redesigned line of
anemometers and IAQ instruments.
Building Automation Product, Inc. will

show its Decora Style room unit.
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How can your HVAC system use

less electricity? Talk to someone who
knows something about electricity.
For over 100 years Schneider

Electrics Square D brand has
been known and respected for
some of the worlds most
reliable electrical products.
That tradition continues
with the Square D line of
energy and space efficient
HVAC drives. Equipped
with features like our
industry-leading seismic
ratings, harmonic
mitigating designs and
voltage dip ride through
capability, our drives
are making buildings
run more efficiently
than ever before with
the same ease and
reliability youve come
to expect from Square D
products. Needless to say,
we stand behind our drive
technology with confidence.
To learn more about how our experience
can help your specific needs, download
a white paper on Maximizing HVAC System
Efficiency at www.squared.com/drives.
FREE INFO: 189
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ATTENTION HVAC Shoppers
Dat2, a software program that simplifies logging and reporting. The

IAQ instruments are lightweight, compact units capable of making
quick, accurate, real-time measurements. With each instrument, TSI
includes a calibration certificate that ensures instruments are reliable
and accurate, even at low flows.
DEHUMIDIFIERS
The 2.5-ton DryMAX system from Vital Technologies, Inc. will
be featured. The DryMAX system removes up to 14 lb of water/hr and
dehumidifies in heating, cooling, and neutral air modes. The system
is available in ducted or ductless mini-split style indoor units that are
paired with air cooled or water cooled condensing units, and the coils
are coated, making it suitable for retrofit or new construction.
The 2.5-ton DryMAX system from Vital Technologies, Inc. will

be featured.
CONDENSATE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS / PUMPS

ProTech will highlight its full line of venting products to effectively
manage condensate in single and multiple high-efficiency appliance
applications. Products include pitch assist vent lengths that are
rotated and adjusted to provide - to -in. pitch in the horizontal
branch tees above the boilers; tees of various lengths that feature 4
in. horizontal adjustability to each other, fully welded seams, which
are air and water tight by design and permanent; and right and left
expandable concentric, allowing connection to most tankless water
heaters regardless of orientation of air intake on the appliance and
wall thickness.
ProTech will also showcase its products for 3- to 24-in. dia systems
that are available in its FasNSeal and FasNSeal W2 product lines;
boot tees that facilitate the use of longer runs and provide up to 40%
ProTech will highlight its full line of venting products to effectively manage condensate at the show.
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less pressure drop than normal tees; and the companys completely
welded tees, a feature found in its 3 to 10-in. dia tees in both singleand double-wall construction.
EDC International will feature its Micropump II condensate
pump, which is designed
to fit inside a split system
ductless A/C unit to quietly
pump all the condensate to
a drain. Equipped with the
companys AquaSensor
water sensor, having no
moving parts or mechanical
floats allows more flexibility
in positioning the pump.
Other features include Electronic Noise Control; a
removable, cleanable filter;
up to 3.17 gal/hr of condensate removal; up to 50 ft
vertical discharge; and up to EDC International will feature its Micro100 ft horizontal discharge. pump II condensate pump.
Using the same Rotary
Diaphragm technology as Charles Austen Pumps successful Blue
Diamond, the Mini Blue offers a compact and lightweight design in
what is touted as the only
miniature pump that can
quietly self prime and run
both wet and dry. MiniBlue
not only retrofits into existing trunking but can also
be sited remotely anywhere
around the air handler. Also
new, and designed for use
in condensing boilers, the
compact RD01 reduces siting difficulties and reduces
flood risks by not allowing
the condensate to build up
before dispensing it to drain. The Mini Blue pump from Charles Austen
Pumps will be featured.
SOFTWARE
Tridium will preview its new Sedona Framework and have on display their new JACE family of touch screen embedded controllers.
Complementing Tridiums NiagaraAX Framework, Sedona is an open
source software development framework that provides a complete
platform for developing, connecting, and managing small, low-level
embedded devices. Adding to this, the company will be demonstrating the latest version of Niagara and Niagara Security 1.1, the companys open, Web-based security management solution.
CONTROLLERS
Reliable Controls will showcase its MACH-ProSys, a 32-bit
based BACnet high-performance building controller. The MACHProSys provides high-speed 10/100 Ethernet; SMART-Net communications; 12 inputs and eight outputs; and protocol support
for BACnet, RCP, and Modbus RTU, and TCP. The MACHProSys
controller database allows users to define up to 160 universal I/O on
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WHEN ARE
MULTIPLE
POINTS
TOO MANY POINTS?
NEVER
when it comes to sealing a
gas piping installation.
With the Gastite XR2 fitting you can depend on the
patent-pending multi-point seal. The new XR2 fitting
is the only fitting of its kind in the industry. The
sealing surface does not utilize the cut end of the
tubing, so even the most unsightly cut will yield a
tight seal. What's more, there are no o-rings or
gaskets, so the reusable brass components provide a
reliable metal-to-metal installation.
FEATURES & BENEFITS:
There's nothing fishy about it, just pure innovation.

Call 800-662-0208 to take advantage of Gastite
flexible gas piping and the new XR2 fitting.
Patented Jacket Lock
Compact Size & Reduced Weight

Patent-Pending Multi-Point Seal
No O-Rings or Gaskets
Less Torque Required
Minimal Threads to Travel
Metal-to-Metal Seal
Reusable Components
www.gastite.com/XR2
XR2@gastite.com
___________
(800) 662-0208
FREE INFO: 95
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Reliable Controls will showcase its

MACH-ProSys.
a single address. Additional I/O points are

added to the MACHProSys using convenient
MACH-ProPoint I/O expansion modules.
Up to seven MACH-ProPoint expansion
modules can be added to each MACHProSys
controller.
Alerton will feature its updated VAViHSD BACnet controller. Preset, user-configurable DDC DIP switches facilitate setup by
enabling users to select preinstalled DDC
applications. An integrated direct-coupled,
brushless Honeywell actuator offers high
reliability and low maintenance. An additional binary output and an additional
universal analog input with jumper increase
the VAViHs capacity and configuration
options. Presenting a convenient option for
retrofits, the units integrated actuator is left
or right mountable and is replaceable with
common tools. The VAViH also features a
sleek, updated design.
MOTORS
The new AEGIS SGR Conductive MicroFiber shaft grounding brush from Electro Static Technology is designed to
improve the reliability of HVACR systems by
dramatically extending motor life, according to the manufacturer. Unlike conventional shaft grounding brushes, which wear
out quickly and lose their effectiveness, the
AEGIS SGRs conductive microfibers work
with virtually no friction or wear and last
for the life of the motor, with no rpm limitations. The AEGIS SGR is easily installed
by sliding the brush over either end of the
motor shaft and locking it in place with
simple screw-on mounting brackets.
FANS AND BLOWERS
ebm-papst Inc. will exhibit the HRG134
combustion air blower, specifically designed
for oil-fired condensing boilers. The
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ebm-papst Inc., will exhibit the HRG134

combustion air blower.
ing of multiple units through a ceiling or

sidewall.
Cleaver-Brooks will be displaying
product enhancements to its advanced integrated boiler control system, CB Hawk ICS.
The latest upgrade Stack Draft Control
helps boilers reduce draft losses and
balance drafts when the boiler is off-line.
Another key benefit of the CB Hawk ICS is
seamless integration into an existing BAS.
Also from the company, its Model CFV
is a commercial single-pass steam or hot
water vertical boiler. UL and cUL approved
sizes range from 10 to 40 hp. Utilizing a
premix burner, the CFV provides NOx levels <30 ppm, noise emission <70 dBA, 4:1
turndown and operating at 85% efficiency.
HRG134 features a compact design, and the

ability to achieve a very high-pressure range
while attaining low power consumption
resulting in significant energy-savings.
BOILERS
AERCO will be introducing its AERCO
Modulex line of light commercial condensing boilers, available in six different sizes.
Each Modulex boiler combines between
two and seven independent, 151,500 Btuh,
pre-assembled thermal modules housed in
a common enclosure. If a single module
requires maintenance or repair, the other
module(s) in the boiler can maintain the
system load requirements. Equipped with a
boiler communications module (BCM) to
enhance communications and support BAS
integration, the units are CSA-approved for
propane installations and for breech vent-
Cleaver-Brooks will showcase product

enhancements to its CB Hawk ICS.
Aerco will introduce its Modulex line of

light commercial condensing boilers.
Bryan Steam will introduce a new

high-efficiency Compliance+ HE-AB
Series boiler at the AHR Expo. The new
boiler is equipped with the new Power
Flame NOVA Plus II Ultra Low NOx gas
surner capable of achieving sub 9 ppm.
This new burner features a unique metallic fiber mesh head design for reliable and
consistent performance and a guaranteed
combustion efficiency of 85%. Bryan will
also exhibit a Compliance+ RV Series Low
NOx (sub 30 ppm) boiler, which is available
in eight sizes up to 8,000 MButh input. A
tray-type deaerator and Bryan Boiler Feed
Water System will also be presented.
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BOILER CONTROLS
Heat-Timer Corporation has consolidated its entire line of popular boiler sequencing controls into just two easy-to-order controls: the
SQ Elite-8T (for temperature applications), and the SQ Elite-8S (for
steam applications). The new SQ Elite enclosure is small and well-suited for light commercial applications. The SQ Elite series incorporates
many features that are field programmable, including operation modes
and outdoor reset control. The base SQ control can operate up to eight
boiler stages. Control capability can be expanded via Heat-Timers SQ-
Bryan Steam will showcase its Compliance+ HE-AB Series

boiler.
Heat-Timer Corporation will features its consolidated line of

boiler sequencing controls.
Excellence In
Expelling Humidity.
ExpertAire
Dehumidifiers
The name ExpertAire reflects this units capabilities to dehumidify
a wide range of applications pool rooms, warehouses, industrial
processing plants and libraries to name a few. ExpertAire truly is
Desert Aires workhorse and remains at the core of our expertise in
dehumidification. Several key features and benefits give our
ExpertAire series its incredible flexibility, including:
ExpertAire. A true authority

on moisture removal!
BAS compatibility N 1 - 15 ton units N Rugged enclosure N Cooling and reheat

Rifled tube, lanced fin coil N MREs between 4 and 6 N Optional auxiliary heat
For more details about ExpertAire, visit our website at:
www.EA12012.desert-aire.com
Germantown, WI 53022 Phone: (262) 946-7400 E-mail: info@desert-aire.com

_____________
AIR-CONDITIONING &
REFRIGERATION
INSTITUTE
DEHUMIDIFY WITH
THE
EXPERTS ....
See our ExpertAire unit at AHR 08 at booth #328.
FREE INFO: 5
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EXT Extension Modules, making it possible to control up to 24 stages.

Cleaver-Brooks will be helping facilities reduce their carbon
footprint through the introduction of its new line of green gas, light
oil, and combination fuel burners at this years Expo. Pro-Fire V offers
up to 10:1 turndown on natural gas, as well as the option for sub-30
ppm operation throughout the firing range. Its well suited for use
with water tube boilers in commercial and industrial applications,
showing solid performance at emissions levels of less than 30 ppm
NOx, and less than 20 ppm NOx on selected applications. Other
features include a unique air damper design for optimal flow control,
quiet operation, and ISO 9001 certification.
REFRIGERATION CONTROL
The new APR-410 Control from exhibitor Rawal Devices Inc.
provides full capacity modulation for all sizes of direct-expansion air
conditioning systems that use R-410A non-ozone-depleting hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant. The unit continuously and automatically matches
A/C system capacity/output to changing load conditions, and improved
humidity control without overcooling the space. The APR-410 Control
also permits multiple-evaporator zoning with a single condensing unit,
even for out-of-the-way or oddly shaped areas with widely differing load
conditions, and its intended to be ideal for VAV systems where fluctuating or reduced airflow across the evaporator can cause coil icing.
Rawal Devices APR-410 control will be showcased at the Expo.
VARIABLE-FLOW COOLING
Daikin AC (Americas), Inc. looks to make a splash at this years
show with its VRV III, featuring 460V three-phase power supply,
larger capacity up to 20 tons, connection up to 41 indoor units from
one piping network, and excellent part-load efficiency performance.
It is said to offer advanced zoning capability, the longest piping length
in the VRF segment, and the companys inverter compressor technology, while fitting flush in a 2-by-2 ft ceiling grid. The VRV III system
is designed to answer larger-scale building application needs and
directly compete with traditional central plant technology.
Danfoss will be at the show with its extended line of brazed

plate heat exchangers.
and in commercial refrigeration applications. Model B3-048 is designed

with a special patent of different corrugation depth on the same plate.
With a capacity of 30 to 80 kW, this model allows a larger water flow
rate, lower pressure rate drop and lower refrigerant charge. Model
B3-260 is the ideal choice for HVAC and
chillers, while the entire line can also be
used for heat pumps, economizers, and
de-superheaters.
PORTABLE HVAC
MovinCool will promote its Office Pro
63, offering 59,500 ETL-verified Btuh of
cooling, keeping heat-sensitive server /
telecom equipment operating by providing air-conditioning down to 65F. With
a 5-ton model at 208/230V and now
the Office Pro 63 at 460V, three-Phase,
MovinCool provides two options, both
include a condensate pump kit, makMovinCool will feature its
ing continuous operation simple and
Office Pro 63 for heat-sensiefficient. The Office Pro 63 also features tive server/telecom equipa programmable digital controller for ment.
automatic operation after-hours and on
weekends and a two-speed fan to control airflow. No costly installation required, users can roll in the unit, plug it in, and turn it on.
OTHER
The 318-V inspection scope with video output by testo, Inc.,
features a miniature imaging sensor at the tip of a 42-in. flexible
shaft; rugged construction to resist most solvents, including oil and
water; and provides crystal clear images which
a r e
transmitted via the shaft to the 2.5-in.,
full color LCD screen.
The 318-V inspection scope
with video output by testo,
Inc. will be showcased.
HEAT EXCHANGERS
Danfoss will be at the show with its extended line of brazed plate heat
exchangers, built for settings such as the food, beverage, pharmaceutical
and chemical process industries, in indirect and direct air compressors,
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Sentry Guard Burst Resistant Coils

Outdoor Air Coils can be a gamble and Sentry
Guard coil design guarantees that you wont
have coil damage from a freeze. Besides the initial cost for replacement, many systems are so
important to the function or the facility that down
time can be a sizeable amount of lost revenue.
Specify Sentry Guard for new or replacement
systems 3, 5 and 10 day guaranteed shipments
also available.
USA Coil & Air, Inc., www.usacoil.com,
800-872-2654 or Sales@usacoil.com;
___________
610-296-9668; Fax: 610-296-9763
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Automatic Filters, Inc. Tekleen

The Best Engineered Water
Filtering Solution Always
Cost Less.
Fully automatic self cleaning water lters

No ow interruption.
2 gallons per backwash.
Single Unit Flow rate to 20,000gpm
1 inch to 36 inch line size.
Stainless steel lters at carbon steel prices.
800-336-1942 sales@tekleen.com
___________
310-839-2828 www.tekleen.com
Fax 310-839-6878
CIRCLE NO. 858
CIRCLE NO. 805 / BOOTH NO. 1840
Premier VS Vacuum System

ENGINEERED PERFORMANCE
Superior Radiant Products Premier
VS system boasts the exibility of inseries variable rate burners resulting
in unsurpassed comfort and energy
efciency.
Custom engineered to precisely t
building heat requirements
Burner rates 60 to 250 MBTUH
System outputs to one million BTUH
Wide range of control options including AccuRate Control System for variable rate
800-527-HEAT (4328)
Temperature Controllers
Designed to maximize the performance of its
leading-edge boiler designs, Raypak offers an array of specialized temperature controllers which
pick up where standard commercial versions
leave off. Features include: sequence-control of
up to 40 boilers; PID technology; optimized outdoor reset; LonWorks or BMS interfacing; modulation or stage-ring control; and other energysaving functions.
Raypak, Inc.
(805) 278-5300
www.raypak.com
__________
sales@superiorradiant.com
________________
www.superiorradiant.com
Replacement Coils Direct

We can replace coils of any design or manufacturer and many times improve longevity
and also expedite shipments as well.
Replacement coils - 3/8, 1/2, 5/8 or 1
OD types for HVAC applications
Industrial designs - to include carbon and
stainless steel, cupro nickel
Booster coils - many in stock or expedited (anged and slip and drive)
Replacement tube bundles for steam/water or water to water shell and tube units
Industrial Water Filter

Conserves Rinse Water
Automatic Self-Cleaning
Line Pressure Powered
Screens down to 10 microns
1 inch to 20 inch line sizes
Single Unit ow rates to 12,000 gpm
Orival, Inc.
201-568-3311 FAX 201-568-1916
800-567-9767 __________
lters@orival.com
WWW.ORIVAL.COM
______________
Coil Company, Inc., 800-523-7590, www.coilcompany.com
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Show Product Guide 2008
Insulation Saddle System
2-STAGE GAS INFRA-RED HEATERS
Anvils 260 Insulation Saddle System is a revolutionary product

for installing insulation. Used for
copper and steel pipe systems,
it eliminates the wood block and
shield, and costly hanger adjustments. For chilled and hot water
systems 40 F to 200 F. Call Anvil at 603-422-8000 or visit ___
www.
anvilintl.com
Solaronics energy-efcient True Dual 2-stage

heaters bring unprecedented fuel-cost savings
of up to 75% for commercial and industrial buildings. Both air and gas ows of the patented
system provide precise air-to-gas ratios at both
high- and low-heat stages. Applications include
manufacturing plants, warehouses, aircraft hangars, re stations, loading docks, auto dealerships and body shops, and ice/roller rinks. Call
800-223-5335, or visit www.solaronicsusa.com
Anvil International
Solaronics, Inc., Rochester, MI.
TM Series Cooling Tower CTI Certied

Performance
The TM Series Cooling Tower expands Deltas
unit capacity up to 2000 cooling tons. This engineered plastic molded tower provides longer
life than traditional metal towers without the high
budgeted costs typically associated with those
designs. Features include a unitarily molded
seamless leak proof sump with I- beam pockets,
non-clog large orice spray nozzles, double-wall
seamless high-density polyethylene shell, and direct drive fans. Energy efcient and
can be congured for just about any application. The modular design allows various
cells to be isolated if required.
Delta Cooling Towers, Inc., Rockaway, NJ; www.deltacooling.com;
sales@deltacooling.com
______________
All Plastic Corrosion Resistant Fume

Exhaust Products
The 28-page product data brochure covers
PLASTINETICS INC.s line of corrosion resistant
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Chlorinated Polyvinyl
Chloride (CPVC) and Polypropylene (PPRO) exhaust systems and duct ttings. Brochure includes
specications, Factory Mutual (FM) and Underwriter Laboratories (ULC) data, as well as sizes. Also
included are product dimensions on items such as
Dampers, Blast Gates, Elbows, Reducers, Laterals, Rain Caps, and/or Tee Fittings.
PLASTINETICS, INC., 439 Main Road,
P.O. Box 322, Towaco, NJ 07082-0322
(973) 316-6600, Fax: (973) 316-0300
www.plastinetics.com; Email: ______________
sales@plastinetics.com
CIRCLE NO. 836
Parker 204WW Direct Fired Hot Water

Wall Boiler
Parker Boiler, Los Angeles, offers its 204WW Direct Fired
Hot Water Wall Boiler. Soon to be available in sizes from
500,000 up to 2,000,000 BTU Input with bent tube all
welded design. The WW raises the efciencies up to
86% on some models. The units are all designed to t
through a standard 36 doorway without disassembly.
They are available as straight gas red, straight oil, or
combination gas oil with a conventional power burner.
Additionally, the WW can be equipped with a Low NOx
Premix Metal Fiber Burner. These Low NOx units are
SCAQMD 1146.2 Certied to less than 20ppm and incorporate a VFD Blower.
Parker Boiler Co.; Los Angeles, CA; 323-727-9800; Fax: 323-733-2848;
www.parkerboiler.com
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FREE! NEW Catalog for Building

Automation & HVAC Systems
Dwyer Instruments, Inc., has just released a new
catalog for the Building Automation & HVAC markets The Building Automation Catalog. Products
are grouped together by application: water-cooling
systems, boilers, air quality & control, test equipment and signal processing. Transmitters, switches, gages, controllers and valves are featured in the
Building Automation Catalog.
Dwyer Instruments, Inc., Michigan City,
IN; (219) 879-8000; Fax: (219) 872-9057
www.dwyer-inst.com
e-mail: ___________
lit@dwyer-inst.com.
Low Range Differential Pressure

Sensors Utilize Compact Design for Airside
Applications
Pressure ranges of 0-2, 0-5, 0-10 H20, 1, 2
5 H20 available, suitable for clean, dry air and dry
inert gas pressures. Applications are VAV control
systems, lter monitoring, and building pressurization. Operate on a regulated 5 Vdc power supply and
provide a linear amplied output of 0.25 to 4.0 Vdc.
Operating temperature range 0 to +60C. Flexible
mounting orientation eliminates position sensitivity.
Mixed-signal CMOS ASIC ensures high accuracy,
EMI, RFI, and ESD protection. Retrot compatibility
with Kavlico sensors P892, P592, and P593.
Kavlico
www.kavlico.com
(805) 523-2000
New TSI VelociCalc with Plug-in Probes

www.tsi.com
The new TSI VelociCalc Model 9555 is a multi-function anemometer. It accurately measures air velocity,
air ow, temperature, humidity, and pressure simultaneously, displaying the ve parameters on the large
graphic display. Optional plug-in probes expand
measurement capabilities. The Model 9555 is wireless Bluetooth enabled for onsite printing to an optional portable printer.
TSI Incorporated, www.tsi.com
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2007 Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc.
Save more with Siemens.

The best energy measurement possible.
energy
Siemens highly accurate clamp-on ultrasonic flowmeters have built-in
BTU calculators and measure both hot and chilled water. You dont
need to buy a separate energy measurement system; these dedicated
and portable meters measure both flow and energy. The non-intrusive
sensors minimize maintenance expense. The savings go on and on.
For more information or to contact a sales representative, call,
e-mail, or visit our web site.
FREE INFO: 842 / BOOTH NO. 1157
Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. 1-800-275-8479, Ref. Code: 1-178229753 _____________________
info.ultrasonicflow@siemens.com www.sea.siemens.com/ia
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Selective Catalytic Reduction System
for Package Boilers
Nationwide Boiler offers a new six-page brochure
describing the design congurations, principle of
operation and performance of their selective catalytic reduction system, CataStak. Suitable for
use with package boilers to 250K lb/hr., CataStak
reduces NOx emissions to 6ppm and lower. Brochure includes comments from users from different
industries regarding their experience with CataStak.
info@nationwideboiler.com
_____________
Nationwide Boiler Incorporated
www.nationwideboiler.com
800-227-1966
CIRCLE NO. 831
Next Generation of the Vaisala

HUMICAP Humidity & Temperature
Transmitter Series HMT330
Gastite 18 Spud Wrench

All 18 inches of the heavy-duty steel Gastite Spud Wrench are worthy of the toughest job site, while its narrow prole provides the ability to get into tight spaces. Its
smooth jaws deliver traction without marring surfaces and are adjustable to t up
to 2-inch ttings. Use it with the new Gastite XR2 ttings for no-stress gas piping
installations!
800-662-0208
gastite@titeex.com
____________
www.gastite.com
Page No.
Company
Circle No.
6................... A-J Manufacturing Co., Inc. ......................... 801

6................... Aero Dyne Company .................................... 802
2................... Anvil International, Inc. ................................. 803
6................... Armacell LLC ................................................ 804
1................... Automatic Filters, Tekleen ............................ 805
7................... Bradford White ............................................. 806
6................... Cambridge Engineering Inc. ......................... 807
6................... CAREL USA LLC .......................................... 808
12................. CAREL USA LLC .......................................... 809
11................. Cemline Corp................................................ 810
12................. CHEMTROL .................................................. 811
12................. Cleaver-Brooks, Inc. ..................................... 812
12................. Cleaver-Brooks, Inc. ..................................... 813
1................... Coil Co. ......................................................... 857
5................... Continental Fan ............................................ 800
2................... Delta Cooling Towers.................................... 815
2................... Dwyer Instruments Inc.................................. 816
9................... E-Mon Corp. ................................................. 817
9................... E-Mon Corp. ................................................. 819
7................... EXHAUSTO Inc. ............................................ 820
7................... EXHAUSTO Inc. ............................................ 823
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The Vaisala HUMICAP Humidity/Temperature Transmitter Series HMT330 includes

six models that cover 0...100 %RH, a wide
temperature range -70...+180 C (365 F),
pressure 0...100 bar (1450 psi). Includes
the next generation HUMICAP180R sensor providing improved long term stability
and chemical tolerance. The transmitter
offers data-logging with 4 years of measured history, graphical trend display, and more...
For more information: Call: 1-888-VAISALA (824-7252)
E-mail: _______________
instruments@vaisala.com
Web: www.vaisala.com/HMT330
Company
Circle No.
8................... Fantech ......................................................... 824

8................... FieldServer Technologies.............................. 860
6................... GASMASTER Industries ............................... 825
4................... Gastite .......................................................... 850
2................... Kavlico .......................................................... 826
9................... Klo-Shure...................................................... 827
9................... Klo-Shure...................................................... 828
9................... Klo-Shure...................................................... 829
9................... Mestex, Ltd................................................... 821
12................. Mestex, Ltd................................................... 822
7................... NAIMA .......................................................... 830
4................... Nationwide Boiler Inc. .................................. 831
1................... Orival Water Filters ....................................... 832
2................... Parker Boiler Co. .......................................... 833
6................... Patterson Pump Co. ..................................... 834
12................. Plastec Ventilation Inc. ................................. 835
2................... PLASTINETICS, INC. .................................... 836
7................... Protec, Inc. ................................................... 837
1................... Raypak Inc. ................................................... 838
9................... Rheem Water Heaters .................................. 839
7................... Ruskin ........................................................... 840
Page No.
Company
Circle No.
9................... Shortridge Instruments ................................. 841

3................... Siemens Energy & Auto. ............................... 842
9................... Sierra Fresh Air Systems .............................. 821
12................. Sierra Fresh Air Systems .............................. 822
12................. Skidmore ...................................................... 843
2................... Solaronics ..................................................... 844
6................... Spence Engineering Co., Inc. ....................... 845
11................. Stulz Air Technology ..................................... 846
1................... Superior Radiant Products ........................... 849
4................... Titeex Corp. ................................................ 850
11................. Tjernlund Products, Inc. ............................... 851
2................... TSI Incorporated ........................................... 854
8................... Unilux Advanced Manufacturing LLC........... 855
11................. United Metal Products.................................. 856
1................... USA Coil & Air............................................... 858
4................... Vaisala, Inc.................................................... 859
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FREE INFO: 800 / BOOTH NO. 1186
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Maintenance-free Exterior
Duct Insulation
humiSteam
The humiSteam Immersed Electrode Steam humidier is available in capacities up to 300 lbs/hour. humiSteams advanced computer designed electrode
patterns allows more uniform and slower formation
of mineral deposits, thus providing longer cylinder
life. Other features include conductivity control and
Carels exclusive AFS Anti-Foaming System.
For exceptional durability on exterior ducts, ArmaTuff PLUS resists UV and chemicals with a rugged 13-ply laminate adhered to Armaex insulation. No painting required. ArmaTuff PLUS has
zero permeability, exceeds most building insulation codes and is available in both sheet and roll
forms, and 1" and 2" thicknesses
CAREL USA Manheim, PA

Tel: 717-664-0500
Fax: 717-664-0449
www.carelusa.com
sales@carelusa.com
____________
Armacell
LLC, Meban, NC
________
919-304-3846.
High Efciency Prole Turning

Vanes & Rail
Order Your Copy of the Spence

Designers Guide!
H-E-P Vanes Provides Maximum Turning Efciency

Superior airfoil contour reduces relative pressure to
the lowest level
Aerodynamic design greatly reduces generated
sound power levels
Provides velocity distribution of greatest uniformity
Excellent rigidity - roll formed from ONE piece of galvanized steel.
H-E-P Turning vanes are a true airfoil design;
smoothly-rounded entry nose with extended trailing edge
Specify No Substitutions
For brochures and samples
e-mail- __________
info@aero-dyne.net or call- 800-522-2423.
Visit our web site at: www.HEPvanes.com
A professional reference guide covering:

Regulators
Control Valves
Safety Relief Valves
Condensate Pumps
Pump Protection
Steam Traps
Strainers
Desuperheaters
More Heat, Less Energy

Genuine Cambridge gas-red space heaters offer the Lowest Total Heating Cost for large commercial/industrial buildings, including lowest installed cost and lowest operating cost. Patented
gas burner and Blow-Thru heater construction
deliver more BTU/CFM with documented 40% to
70% energy savings. Non-recirculating design provides fresh air and improves indoor air quality. Call
800-899-1989 or visit www.cambridge-eng.com.
_____________
Cambridge Engineering, Inc.,
Chestereld, MO.
CIRCLE NO. 807
CIRCLE NO. 802
Call, e-mail or visit us on-line today!

Spence Engineering Company, Inc
www.spenceengineering.com
sales@spenceengineering.com
__________________
845-778-5566
Laminar & Radial Flow Hepa Filter

Diffusers
Designed for Class 10 to Class 100
HVAC Clean Room Systems, our new
Laminar Flow Hepa Filter Diffuser (LFHFD) provides clean air performance
with a continuous uni-directional ow
of large volumes of highly ltered air
that washes contaminants from sterile
work areas.
A-J Manufacturing Company, Inc.
http://ajmfg.com
1-800-247-5746
CIRCLE NO. 801
Vertical In-line HVAC Pumps

Patterson's Pro-Max HVAC close-coupled
Vertical In-line Pumps offer reliability and full
exibility to serve all HVAC applications. They
are engineered in a high-efciency design that
minimizes energy consumption. Their precision
cast, dynamically balanced impeller minimizes
vibration and maximizes bearing life. Flows to
2,500 GPM, with heads to 400' TDH. Split-coupled models also available.
Patterson Pump Company Toccoa, GA
706-886-2101 Fax: 706-886-0023
www.pattersonpumps.com
E-mail: marketing@pattersonpumps.com
___________________
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Bradford Whites Ultra High Efcient

- eF Series Line Continues to Grow
Bradford Whites eF Series ultra-high efciency
gas water heaters now include a 100-gallon capacity
model with 399,999 BTU/hr that features 518 gallon
rst-hour delivery and 93% thermal efciency. Other
available models include 60-gallon capacities with
125,000, 150,000, and 199,999 BTU/hr and 100-gallon capacities with 150,000, 199,999, 250,000, and
300,000 BTU/hr.
Bradford White, Ambler, PA
www.bradfordwhite.com
3E Plus Insulation Thickness

Computer Program
Download NEW Version for FREE at www.PipeInsulation.org
Quanties energy, environmental and cost savings
from increasing pipe, duct and vessel insulation levels
in commercial buildings and industrial facilities. Improved user interface, improved report formats, metric
calculations, ability to add custom fuels and automatically calculates thickness tables.
NAIMA, Alexandria, VA; 703-684-0084
Fax: 703-684-0427; www.naima.org
CIRCLE NO. 830
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CTI Certied Cross Flow

Cooling Towers
Protec FWS Series single, double and multi-cell
congurations are designed for commercial, institutional and industrial loads. All major components
of the FWS Series: have been developed to ensure
maximum efciency with low energy consumption
its cross ow design offers ease of maintenance.
Its small footprint meets the limited space requirements of new construction projects as well as replacement projects.
TEL: 305-594-3684; FAX: 305-477-2514
E-MAIL: ______________
info@protectowers.com;
WEB: www.protectowers.com
Ruskins Air Measuring Solutions

Ruskins complete line of air measuring and IAQ
products are designed with the latest code requirements in mind. Among Ruskins new products is a
patented controller that combines indoor air quality
with economizer functionality. The controller, when
combined with one of our air measuring and control
products, is one of the innovative ideas that contribute to meeting code requirements. From code-driven
total monitoring and control of outside air to simple
measurement of the airow at various points within
the system, Ruskin has a product that is designed to
t your specic application. For more informa-
tion visit our website at www.ruskin.com,

or call 816-761-7476.
CIRCLE NO. 840
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Heat Recovery Ventilator
for Indoor Pool/Spa
Control humidity in commercial / residential
indoor pool and spa areas with Fantech's
new installer-friendly HRV. Unit features ebm
motors on slide-out tracks, aluminum cores
and recirculation mode. Slim, vertical cabinet
saves space in the mechanical room. Reversible electrical box adapts to any job site
installation. Two models: SHR14105R (1410
cfm) or SHR8005R (800 cfm). For more information visit www.fantech.net.
Fantech, Inc.
1-800-747-1762
UNILUX ADVANCED
MANUFACTURING, LLC
The unique UNILUX 5 pass exible water tube boiler design is simply the nest in
its class. With standard operating efciencies at 85% and a standard 20 year warranty against thermal shock damage, UNILUX provides a built in savings/insurance
policy with every boiler we manufacture. Size range from 20 BHP to 2000 BHP
offers maximum application exibility.
Boilers available as factory packaged or eld erected.
Outdoor installation? UNILUX has you covered. Custom enclosures a specialty.
Highest quality.
Fast delivery.
Old enough to know more, young enough to do more.
UNILUX ADVANCED MANUFACTURING, LLC.
TEL: 518-344-7490
FAX: 518-344-7495
www.uniluxam.com
Gateway From FieldServer

Technologies
The new FS-B3510 gateway from FieldServer
Technologies brings together the proven, powerful FieldServer driver library with the latest
in gateway design packed with features demanded by our customers into a compact user
friendly package:
Multiple serial and Ethernet ports plus
LonWorks
Access to largest driver library in the industry
Dual Ethernet ports
1000 - 10,000 point capacity
FieldServer Technologies, Milpitas, CA.; www.eldserver.com
Published anually in the May 2008 edition of Engineered Systems.

P
Engineered Systems subscribers are interested, interactive, and always looking for information to
help them specify, design, install and maintain hvacr systems in a cost-efficient manner.
Capture the attention of busy hvacr executives with a colorful and eye-catching
ad showcasing your companys literature in the Engineer's Technical Library.
Your 3 x 2.5 Engineer's Technical Library ad will include a 4-color photo of
your brochure, catalog, or product, and up to 50 words of copy.
To reserve ad space in the May edition of the Engineer's Technical Library
call Mary Wray at 248.244.6488, Fax: 248-244-3920
ISSUE DATE
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AD CLOSING
APRIL 1, 2008
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Show Product Guide

E-Mon D-Mon
The Engineers Choice for Metering
Choose the leader for your electric, gas,
water and steam metering applications.
E-Mon products have been preferred
for over 25 years for applications such
as tenant allocation, energy analysis,
usage management in addition to supporting conservation programs such as
LEED and the Energy Policy Act. For
complete information on E-Mon's line
of metering products and systems visit
www.emon.com/es1.asp or call (800)
334-3666.
9
Clampless Strut-Mount
HVAC/R lines are vastly improved with KloShures new clampless, self-locking insulation coupling. The new, all plastic, one-piece
design eliminates metal clamp brackets while
supporting and securing pipe/tube runs. The
patented, self-locking system seals the coupling without fasteners, creating a vapor barrier to eliminate condensation. Without the
need for glue and tape, installers will benet
from increased labor savings as well as a dramatically improved appearance. Call (800)
839-0891 or visit www.klo-shure.com
Klo-Shure, Inc., Royal Oak, MI
E-Mon; Langhorne, PA.

CIRCLE NO. 817
New E-Mon D-Mon Green Class Meters

For Green Building Initiatives
E-Mon's new Green Class Meters offer Environmental & energy conscious
users the ability to monitor and record
the impact of energy conservation efforts. Ideal for LEED and EPACT 2005
projects. The meter provides a scrolling
display of energy usage in kWh & dollars and estimated CO2 emissions. For
details contact E-Mon at (800) 334-3666
or www.emon.com/es1a.asp
Clevis Hanger
Klo-Shure, Inc. has introduced a new method
of securing copper tube insulation in HVAC/R
and plumbing systems. The system provides
a superior vapor barrier, reduces installation
time, and dramatically improves the nished
appearance. The patented design xes the
coupling into our clevis hanger, giving direct
support to the tubing. Call (800) 839-0891 or
visit www.klo-shure.com for a FREE catalog.
E-Mon; Langhorne, PA.
CIRCLE NO. 819
Strut-Mount
Klo-Shure, Inc. has introduced a new method of securing copper tubing insulation in
HVAC/R, cold water plumbing, and chilled
water systems. The patented design directly
supports the tubing, provides a superior
vapor barrier, reduces installation time, and
dramatically improves appearance. Call (800)
839-0891 or visit www.klo-shure.com for a
FREE catalog.
__________
__________
Electronic FlowHood CFM-88

Air Balance and energy audit are faster and easier
with the new CFM-88 electronic FlowHood. The unit
offers unequaled accuracy and direct digital readout of density and corrected air ow measurement.
No Ak correction factors are ever needed. Reads
25-2500 cfm, supply or exhaust, in cfm or litres/sec.
Comes complete with ve tops and carrying case.
Custom tops available. NIST traceable.
Shortridge Instruments, Inc.
Scottsdale, AZ.
www.shortridge.com
___________
CIRCLE NO. 841
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Uncovering potential.
Changing perspectives.
Finding answers.
www.clearseasresearch.com
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ENHANCE COMFORT OF DUCTLESS
HEATING/COOLING &
PTAC SYSTEMS
Tjernlunds AireShare moves air to rooms that
are too hot or cold. Quiet, low-prole design efciently moves air through the wall cavity from
room to room. Unique design allows Intake or
Diffuser to be mounted high or low for greater
comfort & destratication. Perfect for ductless
heating/cooling, split system and PTAC systems.
Hardwire and Plug-in versions. Literature includes:
installation highlights, performance & dimensions.
www.tjernlund.com 800-255-4208
11
Revolutionary Data Center A/C With
EC Fan
Stulz-ATSs Electronically Commutated (EC) fan
technology offers a breeze of fresh air with the
new generation of high performance compact
CyberAir precision air conditioning units. This
new technology increases the efciency of each
CyberAir unit considerably thus reducing the operating costs.
Stulz Air Technology Systems, Inc.,
Frederick, MD, www.stulz-ats.com.
Tjernlund Products, Inc.

CIRCLE NO. 846
TJERNLUND DRAFT, COMBUSTION

AIR & VENTILATION CD REVISED
Advanced Desiccant
Dehumidication Systems
Tjernlund's updated resource CD has 1000's of

pages of data such as, literature, spec sheets,
fan curves, install/service manuals, wiring diagrams, parts reference, photos & more. Now
includes Side Wall Power Venter selection software. Draft, Ventilation, Combustion Air Power
Points and combustion air videos also included.
Covers our full line of Draft Inducers, Side Wall
Vent Systems, Combustion Air In-ForcersTM,
Duct Booster and Ventilation Fans,
www.tjernlund.com 800-255-4208
Stulz-ATSs redesigned DEZ-300-40-E desiccant

dehumidication system available from 150 to 600
scfm now offers 100% front accessibility. Features
and options available include a desiccant rotor, manometer pressure taps, pressure indicating gauges, contact service seals made of PTFE, process
air blowers, a reactivation heater with internal thermal overload protection and all aluminum cabinet
construction. The DEZ-300-40-E is designed to
produce dry air down to 0F dew point for industrial
process and commercial IAQ applications.

Frederick, MD, www.stulz-ats.com
CIRCLE NO. 847
Intelligent Exhaust / Ventilation Systems
Ultrasonic Humidiers
Tjernlunds patented CPC-3 technology allows for

precise control of exhaust, make-up and combustion air applications. Reduce vent diameters up
to 50%, overcome convoluted vent layouts and
dramatically shorten stack height above roof line.
Combine with our combustion air intake systems
for balanced exhaust and combustion air. Excellent
for common exhaust shafts for dryers, range hoods
or bathrooms in condos and hi-rise applications.
Benets to Mechanical Engineers, Contractors and
Architects are outlined. Includes: applications, typical installations and a list of prominent jobs.
The STULZ Ultrasonic humidiers offer clean,

virtually contaminant free humidication and use
93% less electrical energy than electrode boilers
or infrared humidiers; a cooling effect that helps
reduce compressor run time is achieved through
the ultrasonic adiabatic humidication process.
The duct mounted, air handler mounted, and
stand-alone STULZ Ultrasonic humidiers are
available in sizes from 2 to 40 lbs/hr and can be
combined to meet capacity requirements for unlimited applications.

800-255-4208
www.tjernlund.com
Cemline Boiler System Efciency

Buffer Tanks
Cemline System Efciency Buffer Tanks (SEB) improve the efciency of the heating system, eliminates the need for an air separator, and is a primary
secondary hydraulic separator. Cemline SEB tanks
help solve the problem of short cycling of the low
water content heating boilers, preventing sooting,
premature component failure, and nuisance shut
downs by adding system volume as a primary/secondary hydraulic separator.
Cemline Corporation, Cheswick, PA
www.cemline.com.
1-800-245-6268
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Frederick, MD, www.stulz-ats.com.
CIRCLE NO. 848
Cooling tower efciency of the

Energy Recovery Unit is a breakthrough for the low wet bulb
temperature regions. The ERU
evaporative cooler can be manufactured in congurations of 2,000
to 80,000 CFM and be provided
with options like chilled water
coils, DX, gas heat, single point
power and control logic. For
colder climates, the ERU can be
tted with cross ow, heat pipe or
heat wheel exchangers.
www.unitedmetal.com
CIRCLE NO. 856
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Condensate Return, Boiler Feed,
Vacuum Return Systems
Bulletin HP-1 covers custom-built condensate return, as well as complete boiler feed systems. Several 2 NPSHR pumps available as standard selections. Three series of vacuum return or boiler feed
can accommodate special space requirements.
Our industry leading standard ratings range from
5 C.F.M. to 150 C.F.M. Also shown the multi-stage
condensate, or boiler feed systems, which can accommodate discharge pressure to 250 PSI.
Skidmore, Benton Harbor, MI.
www.skidmorepump.com
CIRCLE NO. 843
Products for Corrosive Air Exhaust

New brochures feature polypropylene blowers and fans. Quality systems installed
worldwide providing reliable performance for over 35 years. Flexible congurations
achieved through the Plastec Utility Blower, JET Fans, STORM Series products and
a host of accessories. Performance from 50 CFM to 5000 CFM and static pressure
from 0 to 12 inches WG.
See us at the ASHRAE/AHR EXPO at Booth No. 2433
New PSS Series all Stainless Steel Blower on display.
New Digital Laboratory Hood Air Flow Controller on display.
Plastec Ventilation, Inc.; (941) 751-7596; Fax: (941) 751-7598;
www.plastecvent.net.
CHEMTROL CT100 CONTROLLER

SANTA BARBARA CONTROL SYSTEMS introduces the CHEMTROL CT100 controller for Cooling Towers and Boilers. Features
include conductivity, with an option for pH,
temperature, Watermeter inputs, three additive-feed programs, Langelier Saturation Index, data logging, and a full range of communication options. The communication options
include: Ethernet/Internet, Modem, Modbus,
Bacnet, and Lonworks, as well as others.
CHEMTROL CT100 offers a large digital
display, easy-to-use menus, a unique 5-year electronics warranty, and toll free technical
support. For more information, call 800-621-2279, www.sbcontrol.com.
ClearFire (CFH) Commercial Boiler

STEAM
The Cleaver-Brooks model CFH compact gasred boiler is offered for the commercial boiler
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Cleaver-Brooks, Inc
www.cleaver-brooks.com
info@cleaver-brooks.com
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The humiFog High Pressure Water Atomizing
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Tel: 717-664-0500
Fax: 717-664-0449
www.carelusa.com
sales@carelusa.com
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The Model CFC is a Single Pass - Down

Fired Stainless Steel Full Condensing
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condensing mode.
Cleaver-Brooks, Inc
www.cleaver-brooks.com
info@cleaver-brooks.com
_______________
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The Millennium Tower Residences in Battery Park face both the Hudson River and tough
neighborhood sustainability standards. This article focuses on the selection and performance benefits
of the heat pumps within the overall design, from giving each family accountability for conserving
energy to the critical issue of minimizing noise. They have been an important but single step among
many in pursuing the Gold standard near Manhattans southernmost patch of green.
BY JOHN VASTYAN
n the West coast, California is recognized as having the toughest environmental restrictions. And
on the East coast, New York typically sets the most
stringent expectations, with New York City at the
states cutting edge.
For some commercial enterprises, its challenging enough just
to meet the citys environmental stipulations. Yet, some will exceed
them.
On the southern tip of Manhattan Island, along the shore of the
Hudson River, is the area known as Battery Park. Managers of the
City Authority have set their own standards for new construction.
Lofty environmental requirements for Battery Park City are spelled
out in its Residential Environmental Guidelines, intentionally setting
the affluent community apart as one of the highest-profile green
neighborhoods in the country.
Millennium Partners is widely recognized for their development of luxury mixed-use hotel-and-condominium projects with
some of the biggest names in the hospitality industry, including
Ritz-Carlton. Recently, they built and quickly sold out the first
environmentally friendly pure-condo building in Battery Park City:
the 35-story Millennium Tower Residences.
The 400,000-sq-ft building offers 234 condominium and apartment units; many sold to families with children. The living units
range from one to four bedrooms in size, each within a single-story
living space.
Often, the paradigm is that when youre single, you live in the
city, commented Charles Norman, project manager at Millennium
Partners. Then when you get married, you move out to the suburbs. But what we have here is kind of an urban oasis where families
are choosing to stay and live in New York City.
The environmentally sustainable facets of the development
appealed to buyers and broadly exceed Battery Park Citys stringent
requirements because Millennium Partners has pledged to attain
Gold certification of the building under LEED, administered by
the USGBC in Washington.
Achieving LEED Gold at Millennium Tower is possible, in
part, because the developer chose to install 932 ClimateMaster
water-to-air heat pumps that are woven into the buildings closedwater-loop, boiler/cooling-tower heating/cooling system. A boost
toward LEED Gold certification comes with the manufacturers
non-ozone-depleting refrigerant: EarthPure HFC-410a.
A point was earned under LEED for having the green refriger-
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Digging For Gold
View of a condominium living room shows how neatly the central systems water-to-air vertical units are integrated discreetly.
ant, said Christopher Bisaccia, sales engineer for Gil-Bar Industries Inc., the manufacturers commercial representative in the
New York metropolitan area. In addition,
our heat-pump units higher EERs contributed toward energy savings within the
buildings energy envelope.
But we also did some things in the spirit
of LEED that actually go above and beyond
whats required things like stainless-steel
drain pans, antimicrobial cleanable insulation, ports for monitoring water flow and
temperature at all times, multiple-speed
fan control, and MERV-11 filtration. All of
these contribute to the developments recognition as being environmentally responsible.
In fact, managers at Millennium Partners saw to it that all facets of the buildings
energy-efficient design were rigorously
evaluated.
In this building, weve managed to
reduce our anticipated energy consumption by about 22%, said Norman. We
measured it in a simulated study against
a baseline condominium building. Its
an ambitions effort, and one were quite
pleased with; it can be attributed to a number of positive factors.
Two different types of heat pumps serve
the buildings heating and cooling system:
the vertical style and the console style
both in sizes of about a ton to a tonand-a-half of heating and cooling capacity.
Console units were installed under bed66
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room windows and the vertical units were

installed in living rooms and kitchens.
One of the things we like about the
heat pump arrangement is that each system
has its own seven-day programmable thermostat, giving us a couple of advantages,
added Norman. First, it allows the condo
owner to program heating and cooling
operation within individual spaces. This

can save enormous amounts of energy.
But because each resident or family
pays for their own energy use, most are
proactive in exercising the features of the
smart T-stats, continued Norman. With
heat pumps, each condo-owner either
takes personal responsibility for conserving energy in the individual living space
or is required to pay more for energy thats
essentially wasted.
In many ways, this project marks a
turning point, an important benchmark
for multi-unit development in the New
York City market, said Bisaccia. Its a luxury condominium building in which heat
pumps were deemed acceptable because of
the systems quiet operation. And since this
building went up, heat pumps have been
installed in most other new condominium
developments in New York.
Millennium Partners, when choosing
HVAC equipment for the facility, saw the
noise-muffling design of the units enclosure as an acoustic benefit. The elimination of noise was critical to our decisionmaking process, said Norman. So, early
in the planning stage of the project, we
installed the systems in our office here,
and we ran them. We even hired a sound
consultant to verify and confirm the manu-
The multiple condensing boiler/cooling-tower arrangement for the closed-water-loop heat

exchange system is physically, part of the towers energy-efficient design.
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________________
FREE INFO: 101
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Digging For Gold
The green spaces on the roof of Millennium Tower contribute to the buildings LEED pursuit.
facturers claims.
According to Bisaccia, other ease-of-construction factors tied to the features of the
heat pumps. Many of the units came with
pre-installed risers that permitted a simple,
closed water loop, linking floor to floor.
Its a very efficient design, continued
Norman. We laid out the piping network
and simply put the cabinets in. With the
vertical heat pumps, cabinets are placed
during the framing process without installing the chassis or the actual mechanical
portions of the unit. Equipment chassis are
installed only after all of the rough work has
been completed. This prevents the chassis
from taking a lot of abuse during the construction process.
In addition, the multiple condensing
boiler/cooling-tower arrangement for the
closed-water-loop heat-exchange system
figures physically into the towers energyefficient design.
Many more of the characteristics point
to the environmentally savvy concepts
underlying the Millennium Towers funda-
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2008 CES Group, Inc.
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Digging For Gold
mental design.
On the roof of the building is the cooling
tower for the water loop heat pump system. And, nearby is the building-integrated
photovoltaic system, or BIPV. The BIPV
solar-powered system generates about 30
kW, which satisfies about 5% of the buildings energy use. And, up on the roof, itd
be hard to miss another green feature
abundantly growing vegetation.

The building also has its own wastewater
treatment system and storm-water retention, reducing water use by nearly 50%.
Rainwater is used to supply toilets and also
irrigates the green roof landscaping.
According to Norman, 27% of construction materials came from recycled sources.
And over 60% of those materials came
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building is the
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heat pump system.
And nearby, itd
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another green
feature
abundantly
growing vegetation.
from suppliers within 500 miles of the
project site, and a third of those suppliers
sourced or extracted their raw materials
within 500 miles of the project site.
Norman also pointed out that the Millennium Tower Residences were artfully
designed by New York architectural firm
Handel Architects, which also has a substantial role in the World Trade Center
redevelopment project visible about a
quarter-mile north of the Tower.
The overall result is that a green, urban,
family high-rise has helped to establish
important environmental expectations on a
national level, and has won the appreciation
of many New Yorkers. Millennium Towers has helped to set a living example for
future generations within and beyond the
Big Apple. ES
Vastyan, a journalist
whose work focuses on the plumbing
and mechanical and
radiant heat industries, owns Common Ground, a trade
communications firm
based in Manheim,
PA. Vastyan is a graduate of Penn State University. He also served as a US Army journalist
for four years, winning the DINFOS Journalist
of the Year award in 1984. He can be reached
at 717-664-0535, or at cground@ptd.net.
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FREE INFO: 128
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The aesthetic aftermath of a heating system upgrade placement of air returns for an unusually
shaped space noise levels making economical but smart choices for an organization on a tight
budget these are issues that come into play for places of worship. Take a few lessons from the
author, and earn praise instead of prayers for a better system.
BY JOHN A. CLARK, P.E.
or every house of worship, design consideration must be

given to gather information that represents the congregations priorities. Their basic wishes are to be warm in the
winter, cool in the summer, and within their budget. It is
important to discuss the other priorities for the mechanical system design at the beginning of the process. Here are some
typical priorities.
Aesthetics
Occupant comfort
Initial and life cycle costs
Energy efficiency/payback
Maintainability/operability
Noise level/acoustics
BEAUTY OR THE BEAST

The mechanical HVAC system must be designed to complement the
visual aspects of the architectural design. This visual aspect is important when the project is a remodel of an existing facility. Air supply
outlets and return air inlets cannot just be placed in the traditional
locations that they would be in a new design. Buildings that were
constructed before the days of air conditioning traditionally used
decorative ceiling grilles for ventilation (Figure 1). These outlets can
be reused if consideration is given for outlet velocities.
Many older buildings used steam heat through cast iron radiators.
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As the facility is remodeled, a hot water heating system generally

replaces the steam heating system. The question is often raised, can
we get rid of the cast iron radiators, or do we keep them for the historic look? The radiators can be retained and the visual part covered
with wood or metal grilles.
Modern worship facilities often have design material features that
do not match very well with metal diffusers or grilles. The air terminal outlets are selected to be in the ceiling, the sidewall (soffit), or the
floor. The challenge is often to make the mechanical air outlets invisible. Wood grilles can be incorporated into wood beams, or a supply
duct can be run in a soffit with the airflow directed toward the sloped
roof line. These types of air outlets truly almost become invisible.
Hydronic heating and cooling systems can be the radiant type. The
radiant surface for heating can be a floor grid or ceiling panels. The
radiant surface for cooling is ceiling panels.
Any visible rooftop equipment should be painted to blend in with
the color of the background construction material. This technique is
more cost effective and more durable than screen enclosures. Always
consider adding factory-installed hail guards to cover the condensing
coils on rooftop air handlers and air cooled chillers. These screens
improve the visual aspects of the units.
LETS NOT BLOW THEM OVER
Supply air systems diffuse the air at the ceiling, throw the air from
sidewall grilles, dump the air from decorative ceiling outlets, or
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blow the air from perimeter floor grilles. All

of these choices potentially cause occupant
discomfort if consideration is not given to
discharge temperature and air velocity in the
occupied zone. Space design temperature
should be in the middle range of occupant
comfort for both male and female occupants with little variation between summerwinter conditions, 74F, 50% rh (Figure 2).
Outdoor air ventilation amounts can vary
between three traditional choices: not occupied, small occupancy, and full occupancy
with the control signal input based on the
CO2 monitored in the return air.
Zone temperature control should be considered for the seating areas, the altar, and
the choir area. Other auxiliary rooms should
also be individually controlled.
Heat gain is primarily from the lighting and the occupants. Auxiliary heating
is required for buildings in the northern
climates for the unoccupied mode. This
heat is supplied at the entrances and around
the perimeter. A heating system can be a
hydronic type or a heated air delivery system.
Radiant heating ceiling panels offer minor
visual intrusion and can complement the
ceiling look.
Cooling and ventilation air should be
provided to the level of the occupants. The
occupants create a rising thermal plume
(85 fpm) from the seating area toward the
high ceiling. Ceiling diffusers mix the supply air with the thermal plume. However,
to successfully deliver the mixed air to the
occupants, higher jet velocities are required.
These higher jet velocities create an unacceptable noise level. Sidewall grilles or registers blow or throw the supply air toward the
occupant zone while passing through the rising heat plume. The terminal velocity at the
occupant level should not exceed 100 fpm.
The location of the return air opening is
used to help direct the flow of the comfort
air. Comfort air is the blending of the cool
supply air mixing with the rising thermal
plume, and the result is tempered air passing through the occupied zone on its way to
the return air opening. High returns capture
heat that rises to the high point. Low returns
capture the cool air near the floor.
In northern heating systems, the returns
should be low to help draw the heat down
into the occupied zone (Figure 3). In southern cooling systems, the returns should also
be low to help draw the cool air down into
the occupied zone. High ceiling returns are
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FIGURE 1. An example of a decorative ceiling grille.
applicable when the cool air is supplied low

as from floor grilles.
A PENNY SAVED CAN BE A
DOLLAR SHORT
A place of worship can be classed as an
institution; therefore, the building systems
should be planned to last a long time. The
selection of an HVAC system must also
partner with the visual aspects of the facility. Grilles, registers, diffusers, wall-mounted
radiation, cabinet unit heaters, and radiant
panels all can be located, with some thought,
to blend in or complement the architectural
message.
Gas heating, combined with direct expansion constant volume air systems, are the
most basic economic choice. Multiple units
with variable step capacity are the next cost
step above simple constant volume air systems. Hydronic and chilled water systems
again raise the cost step to a higher initial
cost, but they provide control methods that
vary the output and can shift the heating/
cooling capacity into other spaces in the
complex. The piped fluid capacity can be
shifted from the worship area into classroom
spaces and administrative areas that are used
on different days and times.
PUTTING MONEY IN THE
COLLECTION
Everyone is concerned about controlling
their energy bills. The mechanical systems
in these types of facilities use energy to heat,
cool, ventilate, and to provide a source of
domestic hot water. All these systems have
variable loads based on occupant usage. The
control methods that shift the heating and
cooling capacity from one space to another
will control the basic energy bills. However,

the initial cost rises and the operational control options may exceed the abilities of the
maintenance staff.
Precooling of worship space is a control
option at the expense of occupant thermal
comfort when the services begin. Another
option for a chilled water system is the use of
Heat gain is
primarily from the
lig
ghting
g and the
occupants.
Auxiliary heating is
required for
buildings in the
northern climates
for the
unoccupied mode.
This heat is
supplied at the
entrances and
around the
perimeter.
thermal storage. This option requires an off
peak utility billing rate structure that allows
chilled water to be produced at a lower cost
and stored for peak usage. A utility rebate is
often available to help offset the cost of the
thermal storage tank.
ES
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Congregations In Comfort
SILENCE MAY NOT BE GOLDEN

The fan and pump noise from equipment located in the mechanical rooms must have traditional
selections of velocity and vibration isolation features. In addition to these items, consideration
must be given to the terminal outlet velocity noise
and the return air path noise. Avoid the use of
duct lining because it can trap dirt and moisture,
resulting in mold problems. Duct paths should
not include any sharp turns in direction that will
result in velocity turbulence noise.
Duct sound attenuators are very costly and
take up valuable space. Through careful duct
velocity selection, duct noise will not occur. A
level of air duct background noise is acceptable as a source of masking noise to block out
the bothersome noise of the space occupants
actions: moving, coughing, etc.
A/C condensing units should be located
away from door and window openings that
would provide an objectionable noise path to
the interior spaces.
FIGURE 2. Acceptable ranges of operative temperatures and humidity. (Table courtesy

of 2005 ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., www.ashrae.org.)
FIGURE 3. An example of a low floor return grille.
Payback analysis should keep the maximum payback choices within about half of
the equipment life of the systems.
THE KISS PRINCIPLE APPLIES
A basic rule to follow when selecting a
mechanical system is to consider how much
time, effort and financial resources it will
take to maintain the equipment selected. A
choice of who maintains the system is either
between an in-house staff or a contracted
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service group. A client-instituted call for

service is more economical than having
the maintenance performed whenever the
contractor shows up. Another simple rule
of maintenance is to clean what is dirty and
fix what is broken.
The operational choices should not be
above the level of knowledge of the staff
that runs the facility. Keep the choices simple and any programmable features obtainable with limited control knowledge.
CONCLUSION
The design of a gathering space HVAC system
is a complicated process, involving the meeting of many goals and objectives. However, the
primary goal of everyone is achieving occupant
comfort. The occupant comfort is made up
of thermal comfort, freedom from annoying
drafts, and a quiet peaceful environment. The
next goal is to be able to build it within the available budget. The final goal is to have the system
operate within the parameters of the facilities
staff and at reasonable cost. The final statement
then can be, Amen. ES
Clark is senior quality assurance engineer
with Karges-Faulconbridge Engineers, Inc.
(KFI), Saint Paul, MN.
He has over 40 years
experience providing
mechanical engineering design services for
a wide variety of projects and is an ASHRAE Life Member-Fellow. He
has served on numerous ASHRAE committees
and has been a member of the Minnesota State
Code Advisory Committee. He has authored
many articles and papers related to plumbing,
fire protection, and HVAC design. He emphasizes practical, maintainable, cost effective designs
for all aspects of his projects. He is a teacher at
heart and is a senior mentor for all young engineers. Contact him at _____________
jaclark@kfi-eng.com.
January 2008
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Chiller plant retrofits are common. Reliability issues created by using water brought in from the Tidal
Basin are not. An existing system involving a special vacuum priming system and a chilled-water
jockey pump isnt exactly commonplace, either. Then you have the chemical treatment concerns
since the conditioned space houses priceless artwork. Return with us to the National Gallery of Art
to see an interesting design for a project framed by a number of unusual restrictions.
BY CALVIN WITT, P.E.
magine a place where the temperature and humidity will be

exactly the same every day. No rain. No snow. No scorchers,
ever. Well, there is a place where ideal conditions of clean air,
consistent temperature, and rh are maintained around the clock
for its occupants. And you are cordially invited to visit. Often.
Welcome to the National Gallery of Art (NGA), one of the most
highly respected caretakers of some of the worlds greatest artworks.
Thousands of the countrys national treasures paintings, sculpture, decorative arts, and more are housed and cared for by NGA
within the gallerys more than one million sq ft of space. The collections, which are viewed by an estimated four million visitors a year,
are housed in the gallerys two prominent buildings, which are conveniently located on the National Mall in Washington. The buildings
themselves are considered works of art, designed by two architectural
giants of the twentieth century, John Russell Pope (the West Building)
and I.M. Pei (the East Building and its connecting link). The doors at
NGA are open virtually every day of the year except December 25
and January 1. The National Gallerys mission statement reflects how
seriously it regards its mission in preserving our cultural heritage:
The mission of the National Gallery of Art is to serve the United
States of America in a national role by preserving, collecting, exhibiting,
and fostering the understanding of works of art, at the highest possible
museum and scholarly standards.
One of the key components in preserving the gallerys art works
is maintaining an indoor environment throughout the galleries at
ideal conditions for its irreplaceable art treasures: generally at 70F
and 50% rh. Keeping these indoor conditions consistent every hour
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of every day depends on a reliable supply of chilled water. Recognizing its stewardship responsibilities for preserving and protecting this
massive collection of priceless and irreplaceable examples of mans
artistic expression, the gallerys administration began a lengthy and
complex process in 1997 to ensure future generations the joy of
appreciating NGAs ever growing collection by instituting upgrades
of its critical support systems.
DESIGNING FOR THE FUTURE
A master facilities plan (MFP) was developed to identify issues
related to facility aging, and to plan for the orderly replacement and
renovation of engineering systems that provide critical support of the
gallerys operation.
The MFP identified 14 work area projects as well as a number of
central plant projects. Execution of the MFP is well underway. The following projects are now complete: Work areas 1 and 2, West Building
electrical upgrade, and chiller plant renovation. Work Area 3 and the
emergency power supply system projects are now under construction.
In addition to other MFP work, Hayes, Seay, Mattern & Mattern,
Inc., was selected to perform engineering studies and then to design
the chiller plant renovation. NGAs Office of Capital Projects (AOCP)
oversaw the design and construction, coordinated with outside agencies such as the federal governments General Services Administration
(GSA), and coordinated construction impacts within the National
Gallery organization.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SERVICE LIFE
When the MFP was developed, the gallerys chiller plant had in
place, two 1,250-ton centrifugal chillers originally installed the early
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Applied Geography
Trend has the answers for your learning climate. With more than three decades of experience in schools
worldwide, Trend has maintained a comfortable learning environment while maximizing energy savings in a climate just
like yours. Trends backward-compatible IQ3xcite building management system protects your current investment and
future-proofs your building for later upgrades. With scalable systems and Web-enabled controllers all backed by local
expertise Trend delivers global solutions just right for your world.
Visit trendcontrols.com or call 425-897-3900 for the Trend dealer nearest you.
GLOBAL EXPERIENCE, LOCALLY DELIVERED.
FREE INFO: 14
2007 Honeywell International Inc. All rights reserved. Trend Control Systems is a registered trademark of Honeywell.
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Forecast: 70F and 50%rh
with the possibility of problems with future

renewals of its discharge permit.
TO EAST
BLDG
Legend
DV
Dump Valve
CHWS
LCV Level Control Valve
TO WEST BLDG
CHWR
Motorized Valve
BV Bypass Valve
SECONDARY
PUMPS
EVAP
DV
LCV
COND
BV
UWR
STANDBY
CHILLER
PRIMARY PUMPS
PIT
HEAT
EXCHANGERS
UWS
TO GSA
CHILLED
WATER SYS
UWR
DV
BV
UWS
TO STORM
DOMESTIC
WATER
MECHANICAL COMPLEXITY
NGA uses air washers to condition the air
that is distributed throughout the facility1.
Air washers spray chilled water directly into
the airstream, resulting in an open system
that requires chilled water to be returned to
the supply source for recirculation either by
pump or gravity. Water returned from NGAs
two gallery buildings feeds into a single
chilled water pit. Since the original chilled
water pumps were horizontal split-case type,
located on the floor above the water level in
the pit, keeping the pump primed required a
vacuum priming system as well as a chilled
water jockey pump. This arrangement made
the system more complex and lowered its
reliability.
UTILITY WATER
PUMPS
FIGURE 1. Chilled water plant piping schematic.
FINDING THE RIGHT SOLUTION

A number of alternative designs were evaluated for the renovated plant. Initial thoughts
focused on installing new chillers in various configurations. A major obstacle to this
approach was finding a location for the heat
rejection equipment. There are no suitable
rooftop locations for cooling towers at the
National Gallery, so a custom-built, partially
buried cooling tower was considered. However, this approach would have required an
extensive review and approval process with
the National Capital Planning Commission
and with the Commission of Fine Arts.
Given the high cost of a custom tower
and the uncertainty of approvals, the Tidal
1970s, and three 700-ton centrifugal chillers

installed in the early 1980s. These machines
were nearing the end of their expected service
lives. Further, they operated with refrigerant
R-12, which had been phased out of production in 1996 due to environmental issues
concerning ozone depletion. NGA decided
to update these older chillers with a new,
more efficient, and environmentally friendly
system. The updated approach eliminated
problematic refrigerant supply issues with
the older units, thereby enhancing NGAs
chiller plant reliability.
the systems age/reliability, poor water quality

(suspended debris and biological materials),
and high intake temperatures.
As studies were conducted on how to
configure the NGA chiller plant renovation, the nearby National Archives was being
renovated. Its leadership chose to disconnect
from the unreliable Tidal Basin supply, leaving NGA as the only remaining user. In addition to the high maintenance requirements
on strainers and condensers, NGA was concerned about a potential catastrophic failure
of the system beyond its control, as well as
CONDENSER COOLING WATER

Another issue facing chiller reliability was the
continued use of water drawn from Washingtons Tidal Basin for once-through condenser
heat rejection. The Tidal Basin system
originally built in the 1920s was created
to supply condenser water to a number of
federal buildings to avoid aesthetic and practical problems related to operating cooling
towers in downtown Washington. Water from
an inlet at the Tidal Basin flowed by gravity
through underground arched waterways and
piping to various buildings located along
Constitution Avenue. After this water completed its task of cooling condenser units, it
was discharged to the citys storm sewer system. Some 80 years later most of the original
users had installed their own cooling towers
and disconnected from the Tidal Basin system due to a variety of problems, including
FIGURE 2. Utility water pumps and pipe headers. These pumps supply the cold side of heat
exchangers during normal operation and chiller condenser during standby operation.
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Basin water system was re-examined. Engineers considered a plan to clean up the Tidal
Basin water using an extensive filtration system, but there were still major concerns with
this approach, including how to handle and
remove the large quantity of debris and biological material captured by this improved
filtering. There were continuing concerns as
well over the possibility of a catastrophic failure of the aging Tidal Basin water system.
GSA AS CHILLED WATER
PROVIDER
During the initial concept design of the
plant renovation, the GSA was renovating
its chilled water plant near the Mall2 and
improving its chilled water distribution loop.
The GSA, Smithsonian Institution (SI), and
NGA began discussions about using excess
capacity in the loop. The talks led to a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) whereby
GSA agreed to supply chilled water to NGA.
There are a number of special considerations that NGAs chilled water has to meet,
largely due to the air washer process, in
which the chilled water becomes, essentially,
a part of the airstream. This eliminated the
option of using GSAs chemically treated
chilled water directly in the NGA system.
The concern was that the chemicals would
contaminate and damage the art. But the
GSA chilled water supply could still play a
critical role in the new NGA system.
GSA CHILLED WATER AS A
COOLANT
To maintain the required temperature and
humidity conditions in the galleries and art
storage areas, NGAs chilled water has to be
supplied at 42. Because the air washers are
cross-flow heat exchangers, return water temperature cannot be higher than the leaving air.
The resulting chilled water temperature differential can only be 6 or 7. This relatively low
temperature difference results in flows that are
two to three times higher than those in most
commercial chilled water systems. GSA was
willing and able to accommodate a low supply
water temperature, low temperature differences, and high flows at their central plant.
MAKING IT ALL WORK:
THE RENOVATED PLANT
CONFIGURATION
The renovated chilled water plant configuration is shown in Figure 1. The NGA chilled
water plant is designed to use GSA chilled
FIGURE 3. Plate-and-frame heat exchangers are used to separate NGAs open chilled water
system from chemically treated utility GSA-supplied chilled water.
water (utility water) to cool the NGA chilled

water system. In order to isolate the chemically treated closed GSA system from the
open NGA chilled water system, the two systems are separated by plate-and-frame heat
exchangers with a 1 approach. GSA delivers
supply water at nominal 41, allowing the
NGA system to operate with its design condition of 42 chilled water supply.
The plant is sized for an ultimate load of
3,000 tons, with a current operating limit of
2,400 tons as stipulated in the MOA. Utility water pumps circulate GSA chilled water
through heat exchangers. During standby operation the utility water pumps circulate water
through the condenser of the standby chiller.
Primary chilled water pumps move water
from the storage pit through either the heat
exchangers (normal operation) or chiller
(standby operation). Vertical turbine pumps
were selected for primary pumps to avoid
pump-priming issues that had plagued the
previous plant. Secondary chilled water
pumps then distribute chilled water throughout the entire NGA complex. Booster pumps
in the East Building elevate chilled water to
the upper floors and connecting link. Transfer pumps return chilled water to the chilled
water pit, where level control valves throttle
the transfer flow to maintain pit level.
VSDs are provided on the primary chilled
water pumps, secondary chilled water pumps,
utility water pumps, and booster pumps to
match water flows to actual building loads.
The standby chiller will supply chilled water

if the utility fails or cannot deliver supply
water at a low enough temperature.
The chilled water plant has three basic
operating modes: normal, standby on utility
water, and standby on domestic water. During normal operation, the primary chilled
water pumps circulate chilled water through
the heat exchangers. This chilled water is
cooled by utility water circulating through
the other side of the heat exchangers.
If the temperature rises in utility water
supplied by GSA, the DDC system will automatically present a countdown to standby
operation to the plant operator, with a manual override option. The operator may also
choose to select this mode manually when
it is desirable to switch to the standby chiller. During standby operation the primary
chilled water pumps circulate chilled water
through the standby chiller. Heat rejected by
the chiller is cooled by utility water admitted
to the utility water loop, and then returned
to the GSA system.
If utility water flow is not available, the
NGA system can be indexed manually to operate on domestic water. A new 12-in. domestic
water feed has been installed to accommodate
this mode. During operation in this mode, the
primary chilled water pumps circulate chilled
water through the standby chiller. The chillers
rejected heat is then cooled by domestic water
admitted to the utility water loop, and wasted
to the storm drain.
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Forecast: 70F and 50%rh
FIGURE 4. Secondary chilled water pumps are used to distribute chilled water throughout
the NGA complex.
Pumps and heat exchangers are provided

in an N+1 arrangement (typically three at
1,500 tons each) for redundancy. This means
that if a single piece of equipment fails or is
taken down for service, the remaining equipment can handle 100% of the load.
Typically, this is accomplished in a leadlag-standby arrangement. These designations rotate weekly to equalize run time.
At low loads, the lead piece of equipment
is energized. When the load exceeds what
a single piece of equipment can provide,
both the lead and lag pieces of equipment
are energized. If there is either a lead or lag
equipment failure, the standby equipment
takes its place.
The chiller plant is controlled and monitored by the NGA BAS, which provides direct
digital control of a custom programmed,
complex sequence of operation.
CONSTRUCTION
In order to select a construction contractor,
NGA went through a best value process where
both price and technical qualifications were
evaluated from a number of excellent proposals. NGA selected Poole & Kent of Baltimore, as
construction contractor for this project.
The most important consideration during construction was maintaining continuity
of temperature and humidity in the galleries
and other spaces housing artworks. The air
washers have an airside economizer for winter
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able any time that the outdoor wetbulb temperature exceeds 48. Chilled water outages for
the cutover were scheduled based on weather
forecasts. Contingency plans were developed
to restore chilled water in case the weather
changed or the cutover activity took longer
than expected. The planning approach was
to avoid major construction during summer
months when the cooling load was near peak.
Initially, the two existing 1,250-ton
machines were removed to make room for
installation of the new 2,000-ton standby chiller. Once the standby chiller was
operating, the three 700-ton machines were
removed sequentially. Heat exchangers were
installed in their locations. During this same
time, pumps and piping were being swapped
out and the chilled water pit lid was replaced
with one capable of supporting the new primary chilled water pumps. This construction
sequence required parallel operation of new
components as well as the legacy equipment,
resulting in a very complex and challenging
shell game construction sequence.
The original construction sequence anticipated the standby chiller as the only source of
temporary chilled water during installation of
the heat exchangers. However, delays caused
this activity to slip to the summer, raising
concerns over this potential single point of
failure. At that time, one heat exchanger was
installed in a temporary location to provide
cooling, augmented by a trailer-mounted
rental chiller. The temporary equipment was
connected into the NGA system via multiple

8-in. hoses. After two of the heat exchangers
were online, the third was moved from its
temporary location to its permanent one, and
the rental chiller was removed.
The plant was commissioned and substantially complete in the spring of 2007.
Trending and extensive monitoring of operations were conducted by AFM, NGAs facility
maintenance group. As expected in a system
as complex and dynamic as NGAs, a number
of startup issues surfaced due to this careful
monitoring. However, these were quickly
accessed using trend data available from the
NGA BAS. Most issues were corrected by
fine-tuning control parameters to match the
dynamic nature of the system.
The summer of 2007 was the renovated
chiller plants maiden cooling season. This
technically challenging and complex project
has resulted in a system that has proven to be
flexible and robust in meeting NGAs chilled
water needs reliably and with a significantly
reduced maintenance burden over the previous plant. Meticulous planning, coordination, and cooperation of all parties resulted
in the successful culmination of this project
without significant interruption to NGAs
normal operation, and without exposing the
art collection to risk. This system will play
a significant role in preserving our nations
treasures for years to come. ES
CITED WORKS
1. Witt, Calvin L., Timeless Art, Timely Engineering, Engineered Systems, May 2005.
2. Turpin, Joanna R., For the People: Government Chillers Keep Costs Cool, Engineered Systems, October 2003.
Witt is a vice president with HSMM, an
AECOM company,
where he also serves
as chief mechanical
engineer. An honors
graduate in mechanical engineering from
the University of Virginia, Witt has more
than 29 years of experience in the design of
complex mechanical systems for both new
structures and renovation of older facilities. He
is a member of ASHRAE, ASME, and SFPE,
and has also written a number of articles for
professional publications and journals. Reach
him at cwitt@hsmm.com.
___________
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What
colored
the views
of
Cornell Universitys
Lanny Joyce
on
higher
education?
Find out
at
www.automatedlogic.com/green5
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BACnet SUPPLEMENT SECTION
Automated Logic Corp.

Laboratory Breakthrough! Energy Savings in
Biotechnology Building Approaches 30%!
Cornell Universitys Biotechnology Building may
be home to advanced scientic research, but its
building controls were far behind the times. Built
in 1986, the 150,000 sq ft, energy-intensive facility
operated with its original pneumatic controls in
occupied spaces plus rst generation DDC on the
central system well into the new millennium.
Under a campus-wide energy conservation initiative, Automated Logics WebCTRL was selected to replace the older systems following its record
of performance in other facilities.
We had a lot of fun setting up that building,
remarked Cornells Lanny Joyce, P.E., manager, engineering, planning and energy management. A total of
90 labs were outfitted with Phoenix Controls VAV fume hood sash position controls and venturi-style VAV
boxes, digital room controllers, reheat valve transducers, room occupancy sensors, and user-adjustable
networked thermostats. Another 100 non-fume hood labs were retrofitted with box-mounted Automated
Logic controls, room occupancy sensors, thermostats, and reheat controls.
Results were both immediate and dramatic. Our control strategy was to minimize air change rate in
the room to what was necessary to keep it comfortable and provide a safe working environment, Joyce
continued. We were able to cut the minimum ventilation rate in half when a room is unoccupied, and
we relaxed unoccupied setpoints from 1.5 to 3.0 during scheduled occupied hours and to 6.0 during
unoccupied hours. University officials also launched an energy savings and lab safety program for building users, encouraging them to close VAV hoods when not in use. Combined with the WebCTRL retrofit,
their efforts have saved nearly $350,000 annually in building energy costs.
When we put the project together, we made estimates of our energy savings, noted project manager
Alan Hebert, E.E. Our prediction at the time was about 30% annually Were very close to the 27% to
28% range, and well probably exceed the 30% savings we had estimated.
C O N TA C T I N F O R M AT I O N :
Kathleen Magee
Automated Logic Corporation
1150 Roberts Blvd.
Kennesaw, GA 30144
770-429-3000
770-429-3001
www.automatedlogic.com
BACn et Co n f er en c e a n d E x p o S u p p l emen t
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With global warming a growing concern, we are proud to be

able to help our customers reduce their energy consumption.
Brian Goodchild, Co-Founder, Delta Controls
EARTHRIGHT: GOOD FOR BUILDINGS, GOOD FOR THE PLANET.

THE WORLD IS CHANGING. Temperatures are
rising. Gas prices continue to climb. Utility companies need customers to conserve
energy to prolong supply. Population growth
taxes natural resources. Global warming
has moved from science ction nonsense
to world-threatening reality.
Fortunately, in the midst
of such events, one company
has consistently strived to mitigate the impact of these energy
and environmental demands.
The company? Delta Controls.
Long before creating Delta Controls,
its co-founders realized the importance of
saving energy. As consultants during the
energy crisis of the 1970s, they conducted
audits to help buildings save energy and
money. Seeing a need for products to do
that, they developed them, reducing energy
costs up to 60% in buildings in which they
were installed.
Since 1980, they have been doing
much the same thing the world over under

the banner of Delta Controls. As developers
of automated building systems, Delta has
delivered energy performance in hospitals
and universities, airports and ofce towers.
Now the need to do so has never been
more important. Thats why Delta is developing even more products to
make it easy to reduce energy consumption and costs,
motivating Partners to align
with green practices, and designing its new building to be
as green as possible.
Simply put, Delta is developing people,
products and Partners to create building
environments that are healthy for occupants and good for the earth.
The world is changing. Delta Controls
has a way of helping our customers be
part of the solution. Its all part of what we
mean when we say Do it right. Its all part
of making the world Earthright.
For more information contact us at 1-604-574-9444 or visit us at www.deltacontrols.com

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Lumisys
Solutions Built for Integration
__________________
Michael R. Wilson
Lumisys
1800 Sandy Plains Industrial PWY
Suite 216 B
Marietta GA 30066
PH: 800-241-9173
www.AnyBAS.com
or Lumisys1.com
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Alerton
Alerton, the worldwide leader in BACnet-based building
automation solutions.
Founded in 1981, Alerton (www.alerton.com) is a leading
manufacturer and pioneer of building automation systems for heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC)
equipment. Alertons dealer channel includes 170 controls
providers in more than 40 nations around the globe. Part of
North Americas largest, most successful dealer-based network of building automation systems contractors, Alerton
dealers install thousands of its building solutions each year
in retrofit and new building construction projects of every
size and purpose. Alerton customers include Massachusetts
General Hospital, New York University Medical Center,
Emerson Hospital, Marshall Medical Centers, ABSA Towers,
Turning Stone Resort and Casino, Eastern Connecticut State
University, Istanbul Atatrk Airport, the City of Tucson,
Bremerton High School, Bank of America Tower, and Ada
County (serving Boise, ID).
Alerton advanced the industry in 1996 with its introduction of BACtalk, the first native BACnet product line based on the building industrys standard for open system interoperability. In 2004, Alerton debuted
BACtalk Control Modules, a new, flexible, modular approach to building BACnet-based control networks.
BACtalk is BACnet implemented at all system levels from Alertons remarkable Windows-based operator
workstations to network and central plant controllers, routers, and even a complete family of unitary and zone
VisualLogic controllers, which is listed with the BACnet Testing Laboratory (BTL). Alertons total BACnetbased system offers the ultimate flexibility to integrate other BACnet-based systems and components.
BACnet is a true, non-proprietary, open and standard communications protocol developed and maintained by a consortium of building management, system users and manufacturers. Alerton embraces this
significant and positive development in building automation, which gives customers even better choices and
higher levels of quality facility management. BACnet is a trademark of the American Society of Heating,
Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers
(ASHRAE); BACtalk and Alerton are trademarks of
Honeywell International. All other product names
used herein are property of their respective owners.
Larry K. Haakenstad
Alerton National Sales Manager
Alerton
www.alerton.com
www.honeywell.com
Tel: 425-897-3916
Fax: 425-869-8445
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_______________
2006 Honeywell International Inc. All rights reserved. Alerton is a registered trademark of Honeywell.
FREE INFO: 12
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PROFILE
Viconics
Electronics, Inc.
Beyond Comfort
Viconics Electronics, Inc. was founded in 1981 in
Montreal, Quebec, Canada as Quantum Electronics,
in response to a market demand for cost-effective
industrial process and temperature controls equipment. Viconics was among the first to offer single
chip microcontroller-based PID controllers.
The companys expansion in the 1990s was fueled
by the introduction of a complete line of microcontroller-based HVAC temperature and humidity controllers. This was in addition to a plethora
of customer specific equipment including electric
heating controllers targeted toward niche HVAC
applications satisfying a need among the controls
and equipment OEMs.
Viconics is at the forefront of cutting edge technology with its continuous focus on developing and
manufacturing HVAC and temperature controllers
featuring BACnet MS/TP, Lontalk, and Zigbee wireless network interfaces all while staying true to our
focus on energy conservation and the environment.
This complete line of controllers has been developed
to reduce overall costs, traditional labor-intensive
commissioning procedures and complicated pro-
_____________
___________________________
Trevor Palmer
Sales & Marketing Manager
Viconics Electronics, Inc.
9245 Langelier Blvd.
St-Leonard, Quebec, Canada
H1P 3K9
514-321-5660 / 800-563-5660
www.viconics.com
www.communicatingthermostat.com
sales@viconics.com
___________________
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gramming techniques associated with programmable DDC systems.

Today, Viconics continues to grow, employing
over 80 people in its state of the art research & development and production facility. Our modern manufacturing facility offers high flexibility with minimum set-up time SMT assembly, automated in-line
testing as well as laser engraving and bar coded job
tracking all within an ISO 9001 and 14001environment. All products are developed, designed, manufactured and tested in house.
BACnet communicating devices have become an
important product line within the Viconics portfolio, by opening markets and providing a development platform for solid product line growth.
Viconics will continue to introduce new products
focusing on communicating wall devices, while
remaining true to its focus on energy conservation
and delivering user, installer and environmentally
friendly control solutions.
______________
_____________
___________________________
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Contemporary
Controls
BAS Remote Provides
Convenient Expansion
of BAS
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BACnet News
ASHRAE to sponsor BACnet short course
An Introduction to BACnet will be presented by ASHRAE Monday, January 21 at 2:30
p.m. at the Javits Center, in New York City. The course, which is part of the ASHRAE Winter
Meeting, is designed to help students understand some of the elements required to successfully plan for BACnet and some of the complex issues that must be addressed to achieve
interoperability.
Students learn that interoperability covers a wide range of possible options, and how to
simplify interoperability by defining specific areas where interoperability is required. Also
discussed are the basic components of any multi-vendor or multi-discipline BACnet control
system, how different systems can be merged together using BACnet, and how BACnet facilitates the integration of older systems with BACnet-based systems.
The three-hour course does not discuss specific manufacturers, alternatives to BACnet, or
BACnet specification writing. Attendees receive a discount toward the purchase of Standard
135-2001 - BACnet and the BACnet CD-ROM. The registration fee is $105 for ASHRAE
members; $139 for non-members, and the course earns 3 PDHs/.3 CEUs or 3 AIA LUs.
For more information, visit www.ashrae.org/education.
Contemporary Controls announces its

membership in BACnet International
By utilizing BACnet/IP protocol, the

BAS Remote can be connected anywhere in a buildings structured wiring system at a point convenient to
mechanical equipment. This is ideal
where several points of I/O must be
accessed in areas void of proprietary
BAS networks.
Contemporary Controls announced that as part of its commitment to the BACnet

community, the company is now an active member of BACnet International. We joined
this organization because we view the BACnet community as a strong force in the building
automation arena, with which it will help get our products out to more customers, said sales
manager Joe Stasiek.
We are developing and marketing products to provide ease-of-use in the BACnet/IP area.
The focus of these products is to utilize the existing Ethernet structured wiring to provide
simple and cost-effective addition of sensors and actuators with a minimum of wiring and
less disruption of personnel in the office.
As members of BACnet International, the company attended its first Plugfest in October.
I think a huge benefit is the camaraderie that you receive from networking with other members, explained Stasiek. At Plugfest we were able to exchange new ideas and solve problems
other members were having with technology. Their expertise impressed us much. Some of
these members were from Honeywell and Delta Controls. Members were involved in the
design, manufacturing installation, commissioning, and maintenance of control equipment
that uses BACnet for communication.
Stasiek said the companys membership enables it to see the challenges that it will encounter in the marketplace. Well have the opportunity to work closer with the other companies
to make changes as time passes, explained Stasiek. But more importantly, Contemporary
Controls will be able to become more visible and be represented as a significant voice within
the BACnet community.
Tridium announces record attendance at 2007

European Niagara Forum
CONTACT INFORMATION:
Contemporary Controls
2431 Curtiss Street
Downers Grove, IL 60515
630-963-7070
630-963-0109
www.contemparycontrols.com
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Tridium Inc. announced today that its 2007 European Niagara Forum held on October
18-19 in Amsterdam was a tremendous success with attendance increasing by 60% over the
previous conference.
This years conference attracted a record number of integrators, consultants, manufacturers,
endusers, and developers from 16 countries throughout Europe and the Middle East with
every segment of the Niagara Community well represented.
The Niagara Forum, along with the bi-annual Niagara Summit held in the U.S., are the
denitive conferences for industry professionals and practitioners developing applications and
deploying solutions built around open, interoperability, integration, and connectivity all
things Niagara.
The Niagara Forum offered sessions on signicant industry topics including Smart
Services, the Operation of Sustainable Buildings, and Ciscos Connected Real Estate Initiative.
In addition, there were several breakout tracks and workshops that covered a wide range
of business and technical topics. Attendees also exchanged ideas, discovered the latest nextgeneration Niagara-based solutions and forged partnerships with fellow Niagara Community
colleagues.
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Marc Petock, director of global marketing & communications, attributed the success to several
factors including the continued growth of Niagara as the automation infrastructure technology
of choice for connecting devices and equipment systems into unied systems, as well as new
Niagara-based products and applications that have been recently introduced into the market.
Commenting on the event, Terry Casey, managing director EMEA for Tridium, said, The
impressive increase in attendance reects the strong state of the industry throughout Europe
and the Middle East as well as the developing market for smart services and converged IP-based
solutions coming together within the Niagara Ecosystem to provide real cost and operational
benets for users who deploy this technology.
The next Niagara Community event, the 2008 Niagara Summit takes place May 4-6, 2008 in
Tampa, FL. Additional information can be found at www.niagarasummit.com.
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ISO standards in the land of Pyramids

The BACnet ISO/TC 205, Building Environment Design Committee met in Cairo, Egypt in
November to discuss, among other topics, the continuing development of the 16484 series of
ISO standards on control system design, of which BACnet (16484-5) and its companion testing
standard (16484-6) play a central role.
These discussions take place in Working Group 3 among experts from Australia, Austria,
Japan, Korea, Norway, Sweden, and the U.S. Representing the U.S. and ASHRAE SSPC 135 were
Steve Bushby and Mike Newman, past chairmen and Bill Swan, current chairman. One result of
the meeting was the determination that 16464-3, Functions, had nally been republished by ISO
to correct the mis-publication of an earlier draft version.
Also, discussions of 16484-4, Applications, and 16484-7, Implementation, centered on
providing suggestions to the drafting committee within CEN/TC 247. These two parts are under
CEN lead pursuant to the Vienna Agreement between ISO and CEN that is designed to prevent
duplication of work on the same area of standardization by both ISO and CEN committees.
A Tale of Two Plugfests Milwaukee and Stuttgart

In October, BACnet International held U.S. and European Interoperability Workshops, or
Plugfest events, which allowed vendors to test their BACnet products with BACnet devices from
other vendors in a neutral and friendly environment.
Hosted by Johnson Controls, the 8th annual Interoperability Workshop took place at the
Pster Hotel in Milwaukee, October 16-18, 2008. This year the event was attended by a record
108 engineers from 34 different companies from six different countries. On the rst day of the
workshop, the group was divided into 46 different teams forming 23 work groups per session.
Each team participated in eight work sessions.
Training sessions were offered on the second day as an alternative to attending additional
testing sessions. On the third day, time was provided for teams to schedule their own free-form
sessions with other teams.
This years participants were: ABB, Aircuity, Alerton, American Auto-Matrix, Automated
Logic, Carrier, Chipkin Automation Systems, Chloride, Cimetrics, Contemporary Controls,
Delta, Fieldserver, Heat Timer, Honeywell HBS, ITT, Johnson, KMC, Leviton, Loytec, Lumisys,
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Notier, Phoenix, Reliable, Schneider Electric, Siemens, SoftDel,
TAC, Touch-Plate Lighting, Trane, Trend, Tridium, Viconics and Wattstopper.
Two weeks later, October 29-30, the Stuttgart Plugfest was held at the WSPLab. This event
set the European record for attendance with 20 participating companies, and the devices tested
covered the range from simple B-ASC and B-AAC to B-BC and B-OWS conformant machines.
Five manufacturers tested their MS/TP devices while 15 companies brought BACnet/IP devices to
the party. The BACnet capabilities were built into VSDs, DDC controllers, graphical workstations,
and gateways. Altogether there were nine 2-hour test sessions.
The companies participating were: ABB, CA Computer Automation, Danfoss, GFR, Kieback
& Peter, Honeywell, Johnson, Loytec, MBS, Plth Gebudeautomation, Priva, Regel Partners,
Saia-Burgess, Sauter, SE-Electronic, Siemens, SysMik, Trend and Wago Kontakttechnik.
Alerton selected for Bahrain City Centers BAS

Alerton has been selected to provide the BAS for the Bahrain City Center being developed
by the Majid Al Futtaim Group. Located in Manama, capital of the Kingdom of Bahrain, the
Bahrain City Center will feature more than 350 stores, a 20-screen cinema, an indoor water park
and Magic Planet, a family entertainment center. The 1,476,378-sq-ft, three-level shopping mall,
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BACnet News
scheduled for completion by June 2008, will be the largest of its kind in
Bahrain.
Having experienced integration difficulties in the past, installing an
open system in the Center was important to the client, said Barbara
Popoli Alertons general manager. Y.K. Almoayyed & Sons, our Bahrain
dealer, is installing a top-to-bottom BACnet system based on Alertons
industry leading technology allowing for easy integration with other
systems and components.
The complete Alerton solution for the Bahrain City Center includes
1,500 field-level controllers, 12 global controllers and two operator
workstations. The project consists of 30,000 data points including integration with VFDs, a chiller management system, emergency lighting, a
fire alarm system, and a boiler and BTU meter.
The local presence of a trained Alerton dealer in Bahrain is crucial to
the project, said Mohammad Hattab, Alertons regional sales manager
for the Middle East. Having an extensively trained Alerton dealer who
is onsite every day with comprehensive and in-depth knowledge of the
project puts the client at ease.
BACnet interfaces help Carrier

water cooled chillers exceed
expectations at Hawaii installation
Pioneer Plaza, LLC, the owner of Pioneer Plaza in Honolulu, is dedicated to providing their tenants, such as the elite Plaza Club, a comfortable environment. With the plazas original chillers becoming unreliable
and with ever-increasing energy rates, it was time to replace the aging
chillers, especially since Hawaiian Electric Company (HECO), the local
utility company, provides energy rebates for high efficiency equipment.
The owners turned to Power and Systems Inspection Group and its vice
president, Leslie Taniyama, for an energy efficient and environmentally
sound design.
Two 350-ton Carrier 19XRV Evergreen centrifugal chillers with
VSDs and CarrierOne/BACnet interfaces were selected to replace
two existing 300-ton centrifugal chillers. The 19XRVs efficiency, reliability, size, weight, low sound levels, R-134a refrigerant and the expertise of the Carrier engineering, sales, and service staff were all factors in
selecting Carrier.
$1.8 million project will improve

energy efficiency for Pennsylvania
School District
The Conemaugh Township Area School District in Davidsville, PA.,
has signed a $1.8 million performance contract with the Energy Solutions
division of TAC. TAC will provide facility upgrades to improve operations,
comfort, and efciency at three district schools. TAC guarantees that the
district will reduce utility costs by more than $100,000 annually when
the project is completed. TAC partnered with the district to diagnose
our issues and design a solution that maximized our energy savings and
addressed our important heating, air conditioning and facilities needs
in one creative, comprehensive project, said Gina Rembold, business
manager, Conemaugh Township Area School District. TACs program
aligns very well with our low-risk philosophy, and we are also pleased to
work with a company that can actually track and guarantee the savings
we will receive.
TAC is delivering this project through performance contracting, a
turnkey method whereby the design, construction, commissioning, and
performance measurement are incorporated into one guaranteed xed
price. Improved facility efciency, comfort, nancial management, and
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environmental protection are among the long-term results TAC delivers

as the single provider accountable for all aspects of the project.
Performance contracting projects are funded in a variety of
ways, including general obligation bond funds, maintenance reserve
funds, and nancing secured against guaranteed energy savings. TAC
guarantees the amount of savings the projects will achieve and agrees
to pay the difference if that amount is not realized. Typically, new,
more efcient equipment and upgraded facility automation systems
generate the utility savings, as well as maximize energy efciency and
improve occupant comfort.
A variety of problems plagued the Conemaugh Township Schools,
such as aging, poorly performing HVAC systems; inefcient boilers that
had exceeded their useful life and required replacement; domestic hot
water units that were old and in poor condition; ineffective pneumatic
building controls that were costly to repair and maintain; a decient
building envelope that led to tremendous outside air inltration, creating
discomfort and energy waste; and inadequate and inefcient lighting. As
a result, the school districts facilities consumed excessive energy, costing
the district in unnecessary utility charges and not allowing those tax
dollars to be used most effectively.
The Conemaugh Township District turned to TAC for a solution.
Through the performance contract, TAC will implement a variety
of energy conservation measures (ECMs) at the districts primary,
intermediate and high schools. These include installing a districtwide
DDC EMS that will allow the three school buildings to be controlled
from one location; upgrading the HVAC systems; installing new
boilers, pumps and boiler controls; building envelope air sealing, and
weatherstripping; and adding efcient and improved lighting.
Students, faculty, and other staff at Conemaugh Township Schools
will enjoy a better learning and working environment once these facility
improvements are completed, said Wes McDaniel, vice president of TAC
Energy Solutions. From improved lighting quality, to standardized,
integrated controls with remote access in all three buildings, to HVAC
infrastructure improvements, the performance contract will thoroughly
update these facilities and provide signicant energy savings.
Cimetrics and others, working to

develop load-shedding object
for BACnet
Cimetrics announced that is working with ASHRAEs BACnet
committee and the U.S. National Institute of Standards & Technologies
(NIST) and several others to develop a load-shedding object for
BACnet, according to Cimetrics CEO Jim Lee. What they come up with
will have a standardized software and methodology for load shedding
and play a role in load-shedding programs. And it will be built into all
of the products that go into future BAS.
The process is expected to take a few years, said Lee, but he sees the
commercial and institutional buildings world offering a richer playing
eld for load shedding than residential, for example. Demand Response
(DR) is icing on the cake for Cimetrics, noted Lee.
Were talking about eliminating a signicant amount of baseline
load as well as giving people some benet with what they can do with
the peaks. All the attention to efciency and DR in Congress and in
the utility world will no doubt boost Cimetrics business, Lee predicted.
Weve been in this space for a very long time and the sales cycles of our
services business this information mining business has been coming
down signicantly, he added. BACnet
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From design to delivery, many hands

with one intention:
your complete satisfaction.

A passion for precision
Each product Belimo builds reects our passion for precision. Weve earned the
place of market leader by valuing ingenuity and craftsmanship by never resting
on our accomplishments. Very simply, we strive to build damper actuators and
control valves that solve your comfort challenges, perform awlessly and earn
your trust through a long and productive life.
Built to last
We bring that same ethic to our relationships with customers, employees,
shareholders and business partners. We listen and respect your insight and
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products, stand the test of time. That is our vision: Belimo. Together to the Top.
We never rest
Belimo is constantly innovating and expanding our range of damper actuators
and control valves to include new products and technologies covering the entire
HVAC control spectrum from actuators for VAV units to large chilled water
supply valves. The following examples reect our commitment to bringing
intelligence to the design and function of damper actuators and control valves.
Photo credit: Copyright 2007. John W. Davis / www.dvdstockphoto.com
PICCV
Pressure Independent Characterized Control Valve
combines the proven CCV technology with a dynamic
regulator for controllability and energy savings. With
Buttery Valves
The comprehensive line of buttery valves including high
performance models with industrial style actuator in sizes
achievable consistent ow, over-pumping is reduced and

eliminates energizing of an additional chiller by maintaining
industrial HVAC applications requiring positive shutoff.
$T. PICCV provides true system installation and operational

savings to the building owner.
Damper Actuators
HTCCV
High Temperature Characterized Control Valve meets the
smoke models and a comprehensive torque range and

ability to direct mount or mount to a jackshaft, solutions
are available for a range of HVAC applications.
challenges of space restriction applications such as unit

ventilators, and fan coil units. The HTCCV is environmentally
friendly and is suitable for use as a potable water control
valve, a rst ever for the Belimo product line.
Belimo 800.543.9038 www.belimo.com
2 to 30 and fullls the requirements of commercial and
Belimo created the rst direct coupled air damper actuator.

With an extensive range of spring, non-spring, and re &
Multi-Function Technology
(MFT) is available throughout the Belimo actuator line. With
MFT, control input, feedback, motion characteristics, and
diagnostic parameters are fully customizable. In retrot or
new construction projects MFT works with any controller
and provides exibility to the building owner for the future.
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Often, the smallest

components are
the most critical.
Get the details:

www.piccv.com
Mountain climbers rely on the quality of their gear. Engineers and building
owners rely on Belimo to ensure reliable performance in their HVAC systems.
The consistent quality, delivery and performance of Belimo products have
solved comfort challenges, energy efficiencies and earned trust through
long and productive life. The Pressure Independent Characterized Control
Valve (PICCV) combines the proven CCV technology plus a dynamic
regulator. PICCV reacts to pressure variations, performing a continual
balancing function to maintain optimum system performance.
Want the best?
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In this forthright first installment, the author makes the argument that VAV as practiced for the last
50 years has become not only outdated but unable to keep up with the standards that are supposed
to guide it. On the upside, circumstances point the way toward a revitalized, high-efficiency era
for VAV. But first, lets take stock of the status quo.
BY MARK S. LENTZ, P.E.
he primary function of a building is to contain an environment. HVAC systems are typically the largest energy using
systems in most buildings, and their primary function is to
create and maintain that environment. First developed in the
1950s to reduce the size of ventilation systems in high-rise
office buildings, classical VAV systems became the system of choice for
HVAC engineers for decades. They are still popular because they are
highly flexible, can be made smaller than constant volume systems, and
they reduce ceiling space and floor-to-floor building height requirements. Classical VAV systems are also widely perceived to be efficient
and cost-effective, and to provide superior comfort control. These are
important and valuable attributes; however, classical VAV systems have
serious deficiencies as well.
The term variable air volume does not describe a unique system,
but rather an air delivery strategy in which the rate at which air is
delivered to a space is proportionally reduced with declining cooling
loads. These systems reduce energy use at the direct expense of ventilation. Ventilation reduction is the primary cause of IAQ problems.
Because of these characteristics, simultaneously complying with
the requirements of both ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality, and ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA
Standard 90.1, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings, with classical VAV systems is a very difficult design
challenge. The intent of this article is to explain why VAV systems
are problematic to design. It is necessary to understand a challenge

before it is possible to solve it. Only with that knowledge is it possible
to address these shortcomings and take VAV system performance
to its real potential. Part II will discuss some specific approaches to
addressing these challenges.
IAQ
Energy conservation measures in the late 1970s focused on increasing
building insulation levels, reducing the impact of infiltration, improving equipment efficiencies, and reducing outdoor air ventilation rates.
The implications of tighter building construction and reductions
in minimum ventilation rates for the ability of HVAC systems to provide an acceptable climate within buildings were simply not appreciated by the design community at that time, and problems first began
to be noticed in the early 1980s. By the late 1980s, IAQ had become a
matter of serious concern. Studies concluded that more than 95% of
the air quality problems were due to inadequate levels of ventilation.
In retrospect, the development of IAQ problems in buildings was
a direct, logical, and predictable consequence of measures taken to
reduce building leakage and ventilation rates.
THE IMPORTANCE OF APPLICABLE STANDARDS
Meeting the requirements of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004
and ANSI/ ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 are not merely pre-
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FIGURE 1. Constant volume (TRH) system.
requisites for LEED certification. The ventilation requirements of all

model building codes in the United States are derived from various
editions of ASHRAE Standard 62, typically incorporating the ventilation rate tables and requiring the use of the multiple spaces equation.
The 2007 International Mechanical Code (IMC) has already adopted
the revised ventilation tables and computational procedures first
published in Addendum N to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2001,
the first major changes to those procedures since 1989.
Under Section 304 of the 1992 Energy Policy Act (1992 EPACT),
all states were required to meet or exceed the energy conservation
requirements of ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1989. The
1992 EPACT provided for the automatic review and adoption of revisions and/or successor standards to ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard
90.1-1989 by the DOE within one year of publication.
States are required to adopt and update their energy conservation
code requirements within two years of adoption by the DOE. As a
TSI proudly introduces newly redesigned instruments for Ventilation testing

and Indoor Air Quality. These new instruments utilize smart plug and play
probes to expand measurement capabilities while reducing downtime and
keeping service costs to a minimum. With improved data logging and
TRAKPRO Data Analysis Software, HVAC Professionals are assured of Fast,
Accurate, and Reliable Results.
Visit TSI at AHR Expo Booth #1459 to choose the products
that are right for you!
TSI Incorporated
Tel: 800 874 2811 E-mail: info@tsi.com
_______ Web: www.tsi.com
FREE INFO: 116
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Dwyer Instruments, Inc now offers a line of direct coupled actuators for damper control in
Building Automation Systems. These actuators come in sizes of 17 inlb (2 Nm) to 265 in-lb (30 Nm) in 110 VAC, 24 VAC, and 230 VAC power
supply. They feature manual overrides, overload protection, and travel
indicator. Units are available in on/off style or with modulating inputs.
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Series MS MagnesenseTM
Differential Pressure Transmitter
The Series MS Magnesense Differential
Pressure Transmitter is an extremely versatile
transmitter for monitoring pressure and air
velocity. This compact package is loaded with
features such as: field selectable English or metric ranges, field upgradeable LCD display,
adjustable dampening of output signal (with
optional display) and the ability to select a
square root output for use with Pitot tubes and
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New to Dwyer Instruments, Inc. are two lines
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Systems. Zone control valves are used to control the flow of water to heat rooms in buildings. The ZV1 Series is a low cost spring
return two-way or three-way valve in sizes of
1/2 to 1. The ZV2 Series features a removable actuator, comes in two-way and three-way,
and in sizes of 1/2 to 1-1/4. Both Series feature a manual override.
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Demanding humidity/temperature applications
require the Series RH Transmitter which offers
high accuracy, long-term stability, and reliable
operation. The Series RH is designed for monitoring and controlling humidity or both humidity and temperature in building energy management systems, HVAC, commercial, residential,
clean rooms and space monitoring applications.
The Series RH is available in a variety of mounting configurations including wall, duct and outside air, with or without the optional LCD display for local indication.
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Dwyer Instruments, Inc.

Michigan City, IN phone: 1-800-872-9141 fax: 219-872-9057
e-mail: lit@dwyer-inst.com
_____________
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FIGURE 2. Shutoff VAV system.
result, compliance with the requirements

of ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 is
a matter of both building codes and federal statute in most jurisdictions throughout
the nation. ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard
90.1 was updated in 1999, 2001, and 2004.
Both standards were prepared, and
are maintained, on a continuous basis by
ASHRAE in accordance with the requirements of the ANSI for consensus standards. As such, they are often interpreted by
the civil court system as minimum standard
of due professional care (Call vs. Prudential,
1992). For the above reasons, architects and
engineers ignore these standards at their
professional peril.
STANDARD 90.1 COMPLIANCE
The purpose of Standard 90.1 is to reduce
energy use. It recognizes the need for ventilation as defined in ANSI/ASHRAE Standard
62.1, but places constraints on how designers
are permitted to expend energy to deliver
that ventilation. As the standards evolved,
the recognition of the need for ventilation in
that message did not change, but the restrictions on how designers are permitted to go
about providing it have increased with each
subsequent version. Standard 90.1 promotes
the use of variable volume for its energy use
reduction, but severely restricts reheat. In
addition to requiring minimum equipment
efficiencies, Standard 90.1 also limits fan system nameplate horsepower and mandates the
use of energy recovery in specific situations.
The use of reheat is prohibited under
Section 6.5.2.1 of Standard 90.1-2004, and
allowed only under limited exceptions.
While permitting VAV reheat systems, the
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amount of airflow permitted to be reheated

is no more than the greater of 30% of device
design flow, 0.4 cfm/sq ft of area served, or
the amount of outdoor air required to satisfy the space ventilation needs as computed
in accordance with Standard 62.1. These
restrictions have significant implications for
the design of VAV systems.
For systems less than 20,000 cfm capacity, total fan motor hp is restricted to not
more than 1.7 rated motor hp/1,000 cfm.
For systems larger than 20,000 cfm, that
number drops to 1.5 rated motor hp/1,000
cfm. This includes all fans, not just supply
and/or return fans, but includes exhaust fans
and those associated with fan-powered VAV
boxes. Credits to this limitation are provided
for increased air filtration and for the use

of air-to-air heat exchangers and relief fans.
This requirement forces designers to prepare
detailed duct pressure drop computations
and can force designers to increase the size
of ducts and/or equipment specified to bring
overall system horsepower within limitations.
STANDARD 62-1989 COMPLIANCE
When published in 1989, Standard 62-1989
fundamentally and dramatically changed the
rules of HVAC system design. The need for
ventilation became a function of occupancy,
minimum rates were substantially increased,
and the designed systems had to deliver at
least the requisite ventilation rate to each
TOTAL DELIVERED AIR FLOW

12000
10000
8000
VAV
VRH
TRH
ECONoa
6000
4000
2000
0
OUTDOOR AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
GRAPH 1. Total airflow delivered.
January 2008
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_________________
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FIGURE 3. VAV reheat (VRH) system.
individual space under all conditions of load

whenever the space was occupied. Those
basic requirements have not changed with
subsequent versions.
Standard 62-1989 introduced a new
method for computing the minimum outdoor air fraction necessary to accomplish
acceptable levels of ventilation known as
the multiple spaces equation. Much has
been made of the complexity of the multiple
spaces equation by a few determined opponents. However, when applied to constant
volume systems (Figure 1), this equation
itself is quite simple and readily computed
and documented with a spreadsheet. It is
intended for use with all constant volume
systems serving more than one occupied
space such as illustrated in Figure 1.
Standard 62-1989 required that the outdoor air fraction (Zi) be computed for each
space, and the largest value be used to compute the requisite outdoor air fraction at the
system level.
Y=X/(1+X-Z )
c
where:
clarified in 2003 with addendum N to Standard 62.1-2001. While the methodology in

addendum N also modified the prescribed
methodology for the computations, a close
inspection of the equations will reveal that
the general form of the equation has essentially remained the same. So, for the purposes of keeping things simple, the pre-addenda
N equation is used in this article.
Classic VAV systems are typically controlled to respond to changes in space cooling loads by increasing or decreasing the
amount of ventilation air provided. Compared to a constant volume system, a shutoff
VAV system (Figure 2) is extremely efficient
and provides excellent control over temperature and substantial fan energy savings. It is
designed only to cool and does not require

heating coils. But, it is a terrible system from
the standpoint of ventilation. When ventilation is intended to be introduced through
a mixed air path, a shutoff VAV system will
terminate all ventilation to a space once
heating is required. For this reason by itself,
the shutoff VAV system cannot comply with
the requirements of Standard 62.
The VAV reheat system is a variant of the
single-duct VAV concept which is commonly
employed when minimum rates of ventilation
are determined to be necessary or desirable. It
provides somewhat better ventilation characteristics than the shutoff VAV system as it does
provide some level of ventilation. However,
Standard 90 restricts the use of reheat, so the
ECONOMIZER CONTROLLED OUTSIDE AIR FLOW

12000
10000
(Equation 6.1)
8000
Y = the minimum outdoor air fraction of the system

X = the uncorrected outdoor air fraction
VAV
VRH
TRH
MIN Z=0.20
6000
Z = the outside air fraction of the critical space

c
THE VAV DESIGN CHALLENGE

With constant volume systems, the value
of Zi for each space will be unique from
space to space, but it is essentially a constant.
This is not true for VAV systems. While
the requirements of Standard 62-1989 were
clearly stated, Standard 62 was not explicit
as to how the multiple spaces equation was
to be applied to VAV system design until
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4000
2000
0
GRAPH 2. Economizer controlled outdoor airflow delivered.
January 2008
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OA
DP
T
OA
P
MA
DP
T
MA
DP
EA
T
DP
RA
SPACE
RA
FIGURE 4. 100% outdoor air VAV reheat system.
minimum rates of air delivery are restricted. In addition to reheat coils,

the VAV reheat system typically requires some form of preheat and a
methodology to make sure that adequate amounts of ventilation are
introduced through a mixing process. This is much easier said than
done and usually not done.
SYSTEM VENTILATION CHARACTERISTICS
A nominal 10,000 cfm example has been prepared to illustrate how these
three alternatives differ in their ability to actually deliver the requisite
amount of ventilation. The exact same load characteristics are assumed
for all examples in Graphs 1 and 2 where the uncorrected outdoor air
fraction (X) assumed for all three cases is 20%. The outdoor air fraction
for the critical space is assumed to be 30% of full cooling load flow for the
VAV reheat (VRH) and constant volume (TRH) cases.
Graph 3 is used to illustrate the sensitivity of VRH strategies to the
critical outdoor air fraction. The outdoor air fraction for the critical
space is assumed to be 15% of full flow for the VAV case, primarily to
prevent overlapping of graphs.
Each of the three basic strategies demonstrates predictable air
delivery rates throughout the range of ambient conditions. The TRH
system provides the same total airflow rates over the entire range of
operation and will require reheat to some degree at all conditions
below cooling design. The total airflow of the VAV system declines to
zero at the building thermal balance point, and provides zero airflow
below that point. The total airflow of the VRH system declines until
each space reaches its minimum airflow settings. This will occur at a
temperature condition above the thermal balance point. Below that
setting, the system will continue to deliver the minimum air delivery
rate and require reheat to maintain space temperatures.
Graph 2 illustrates the combined impact of thermally controlled flow
to the spaces in conjunction with an airside economizer without special
controls to maintain minimum ventilation rates. Classic examples of
this lack of special controls would include minimum position control
88
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Engineered Systems
on outdoor air dampers, or the use of two-position dedicated outdoor

air dampers without outdoor airflow measurement and control.
For the airside thermal economizer operation, the proportion of
outdoor airflow is computed on the following basis for all cases. When
ambient temperatures are above 75F, minimum outside airflows are
assumed. When ambient temperatures are between 75 and the supply air temperature setpoint, 100% outdoor air is assumed. When
ambient temperatures are below the discharge air temperature of the
system, the proportion of outdoor airflow on the system is a strict
function of ambient, return air, and supply air temperatures where:
%OA = [ ( Tra - Tsa ) / ( Tra - Toa )] x 100
The minimum ventilation rate required for the space is computed
with Equation 6.1 and shown on Graph 3. This assumes a constant outdoor air delivery rate throughout the entire range of system operation.
When a constant volume, TRH solution is equipped with a thermal
economizer and traditional control strategies, it can usually meet or
exceed the ventilation requirements of Standard 62 throughout the entire
range of operation. This accomplishes the necessary ventilation, but does
so at a high cost in energy consumption. However, using precisely the
exact same strategy for the VAV and VRH, alternates Graph 2 illustrates a
substantial reduction in the amount of outdoor air delivered to the space.
This is because the system airflow to the spaces is now a variable.
When we account for the reductions in system airflow inherent to VAV
strategies, it reduces the total amount of outdoor air actually delivered
by the system proportionally to the reduction in airflow. This places the
effective rate of ventilation provided to individual spaces at the mercy of
two thermally controlled processes, both functioning to reduce the effective rate of ventilation and neither having anything to do with the need
for ventilation. While this is done for thermal control and energy use
reduction, it is the reason why VAV systems compromise IAQ.
For the case illustrated, Graph 2 shows that the only temperature
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range where the VAV and VRH systems meet
or exceed minimum ventilation requirements
are at peak cooling design conditions, and
between 75 and the supply air temperature.
Below that temperature, the systems need to
deliver virtually 100% outdoor air. When the
reduction in total system flow is accounted for,
both VAV and VRH strategies fail to deliver
adequate ventilation throughout most of their
range of operation.
For designers who maintain that Standard 62
never provided guidance on the design of VAV
systems, this author suggests that they reread
the Standards. Section 6.1.3.2 Recirculation Criteria, of both Standard 62-1989 and Standard
62.1-2001, contains the following statement:
6.1.3.2 Recirculation Criteria. The requirements for ventilation air quantities given in Table
1 are for 100% outdoor air when the outdoor air
quality meets the specifications for acceptable
outdoor air quality given in 6.1.1. While these
quantities are for 100% outdoor air, they also
set the amount of air required to dilute contaminants to acceptable levels. Therefore, it is necessary that at least this amount of air be delivered
to the conditioned space at all times the building
is in use except as modified in 6.1.3.4.
It may not have been obvious to the casual
reader, but the requirement is clearly stated
in the final sentence. Addenda N to Standard
62.1-2001, as well as Standards 62.1-2004 and
Standards 62.1-2007 have dealt with the issue
by requiring that minimum air delivery rates
be used when computing the critical outdoor
fraction for each space for VAV systems. Because
of the volumetric flow reduction inherent with
One might be inclined to infer from this

article that VAV technology is a dying
technology, if not already dead. Such a
conclusion would be terribly incorrect.
What Standard 62.1 and Standard 90.1
are doiing
g is inexorab
bly push
hing
g the
HVAC industry toward more efficient,
effective and sustainable design
strategies.
VAV systems, it is functionally necessary for
all VAV systems to increase the proportion of
outdoor air on the system to provide a constant
minimum level of ventilation.
Graph 3 may well be the most revealing as
far as illustrating the limitations of classical VAV
systems to provide effective ventilation. There is
an inherent conflict between the use of an airside economizer based on mixed air control and
meeting the need for ventilation with these systems. Graph 3 clearly illustrates the sensitivity of
classical VAV systems to the impact of the critical
outdoor air fraction (Zc) given the limitations
on reheat imposed by Standard 90.1.
As written, the multiple spaces equation was
intended for use with constant volume systems.
The outdoor air fraction for each space is computed by dividing the minimum amount of
outdoor air required for the space (Voc), by the
total airflow to the space (Vsc). For each space:
OUTDOOR AIR REQUIRED

110%
100%
90%
80%
70%
MINoa Z=0.20
ECONoa
VRH Zc=0.30
VRH Zc=0.25
VRH Zc=0.20
VRH Zc=0.10
VAV Zi = 0.15
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
GRAPH 3. Outdoor air required.
90
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Zi = Voc / Vsc (as defined under Equation 6.1)

With VAV systems, Vsc becomes a variable that Standard 90.1 requires be reduced
to approximately 30% of design flow before
reheat can be used, unless more air is required
to meet ventilation requirements, in which case
the larger amount must be used. Furthermore,
that turndown ratio is a very dynamic variable,
which, in the real world, will continuously
change with variations in thermal loads to that
space. For VRH systems to comply with Standard 62, Zi for each space must be computed
in real time for each VAV air terminal unit. The
largest value of Zi becomes Zc. This must be
used to compute the outside air fraction at the
system level using Equation 6.1.
For example, if the full flow critical outdoor
air ratio for a space is 0.20, and the VAV reheat
box serving the space has a 30% minimum flow
setting, for application in Equation 6.1, the value
of Zi becomes (where Voc / Vsc = 0.2, Zi = 0.20 /
0.30 =) 0.67, thereby substantially increasing the
amount of outdoor air required at the system
level necessary to provide the requisite amount
of ventilation at that space. Under all versions of
Standard 62 since 1989, when the value of Zi for
any space equals unity (1.00), the entire system
is required to provide 100% outdoor air. If at
any time, the value of Zi exceeds 1.00, it means
that the space requires more outside air than the
total amount of air being supplied.
Graph 3 illustrates this dynamic. Multiple
values of Zc are employed (0.1, 0.2, 0.25, and
0.3). These values are lower than one would reasonably expect in a real world application, and
illustrates how this affects the proportion of outdoor air required at the system level. The impact
on the shutoff VAV example is looked at with
a values of Zc = 0.15, to avoid overlapping
curves. These curves indicate the proportion
of outdoor air required at the system needed to
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Part II of this series will

discuss the development and
advantages behind higher
level HVAC strategies. These
will be characterized by a
change in the fundamental
sttratteg
gy off HVAC systtems
away from thermal control
towa
ard
d effic
cie
entt pro
ocessing
g
and management
of ventilation. These
strategies will tend to be
custom-developed, with
relatively small capacity
requirements, physical
simplicity, and lower
installed costs.
satisfy the critical space with a VRH system. A VRH systems need for outdoor air is substantially different than that which would be provided with
a thermal economizer. This is what is behind the requirements of Section
4.3.3.3 of the IMC, which requires special controls for all VAV systems not
providing 100% outdoor air. It should also be noted that the values used
for Zi in this example are not representative of, and are typically substantially lower than those normally found in actual applications.
Standard 62.1
complying systems
The conclusions which should be drawn from the above sensitivity analysis are profound, with far reaching implications for the design of VAV systems.
It can be mathematically demonstrated that classical VAV and VRH systems
have extremely poor ventilation characteristics throughout most of their
range of operating conditions, making them a poor choice for applications in
any facility where ventilation requirements are significant. This would make
them unsuitable, and probably code non-compliant, for applications like
schools, hotel convention centers, and most office facilities.
If provided with controls to increase the amount of outdoor air on
a dynamic reset basis, as required by Standard 62.1-2007, the strategy of
recirculation should be expected to have significant adverse implications
for both installed and operational costs due to the greater heating and
cooling capacities required to support them and permit them to function.
Standard 90.1 requires that energy recovery be employed when the outdoor
air fraction at the system level exceeds 70% at design conditions. This would
occur when the design value of Zc exceeds 0.21 for the critical zone.
This means that 100% outdoor air is required for VRH systems whenever the uncorrected design value of Zc exceeds 0.30.
COMPLIANCE TESTS
Quick and reliable tests can be employed to identify whether
a VRH system has been designed to comply with Standard 62. A
reviewer should take a representative sampling of VAV boxes on a system that are used to serve densely occupied spaces. The Voc for each
space served should be computed. The VAV box minimum airflow
rates should then be divided by the design outdoor air fraction for the
air-handling system to compute the actual outdoor air delivery rate to
each space at the critical condition.
Provided the design minimum airflows do not exceed the limits
imposed by Standard 90.1, the actual delivered outdoor air should
equal or exceed Voc for all spaces. If any of the above tests fail, the
design probably does not comply with either or both Standard 62 and
Standard 90.1, and should be subjected to closer scrutiny.
Constant volume mix

and recirculating
Classical VRH
mix and recirculating
100% OA VRH
80% EFF HR
OA required (cfm)
Total SA required (cfm)
5,830
18,465
13,691
13,691
13,691
13,691
Min SA required (efm)
18,465
6,027
5,534
Space heating (MBtuh)
327.3
327.3
327.3
Preheat (MBtuh)
513.1
530.3
97.4
Reheat (MBtuh) 121.7
406.2
132.6
121.7
Total heat (MBtuh)

% reduct. from CV
1,246.6
0%
990.2
21%
546.5
56%
919
0%
663
28%
219
76%
Total vent load

% reduct. from VRH
Space cooling (MBtuh)
360.4
360.4
360.4
Vent cooling load (MBtuh)
372.8
615.2
66.1
% of total
51%
63%
15%
% of classical VRH
100%
124%
30%
Peak cooling (MBtuh)

Tons of refrigeration
% reduction from CV
733.2
61.1
0%
975.6
81.3
-33%
426.5
35.5
42%
TABLE 1. Outdoor air required.
92
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CONCLUSIONS
Throughout this article, the author has made use of the term classical
when referring to VAV strategies. This was not by accident. Classical
HVAC systems are configured and controlled for the purpose of providing thermal control of the space. There is little, if any, practical control
over ventilation, and they have many systemic inefficiencies. This causes
poor air quality and contributes significantly to high levels of energy use.
When originally published, ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62-1989 functionally made classical HVAC systems obsolete.
One might be inclined to infer from this article that VAV technology is
a dying technology, if not already dead. Such a conclusion would be terribly incorrect. What ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1 and ANSI/ASHRAE/
IESNA Standard 90.1 are doing is inexorably pushing the HVAC industry
away from obsolete, classical HVAC strategies and pushing the industry
toward more efficient, effective and sustainable design strategies.
In a world looking at double-digit energy cost inflation rates, VAV
technologies are increasingly important energy conservation tools, and
their use should be encouraged. Classical VAV strategies provide energy
use reduction through ventilation reduction, which is the underlying
cause of their poor ventilation characteristics. The IAQ problems with
classical VAV systems are really the result of longstanding strategic misapplications of this important technology. The fact that the HVAC industry
has been misusing VAV technology in this manner for the past 50 years
should not permit plan reviewers and code authorities to justify or excuse
the perpetuation of poor engineering practices.
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It is not true that the way the VAV process has been used is the only
way it can be used. VAV techniques provide important control and measurement features which will be more appropriately employed in future
generations of HVAC systems. We will see VAV strategies evolve to not
only address their current deficiencies, but to also add new, important,
and exciting capabilities. In addition to improving thermal comfort
and control, they are already capable of and will be increasingly used to
actively manage ventilation down to the individual room level. This kind
of performance has not only been possible with current technologies for
several decades, but prototype installations have been in place for much
of that time. When properly applied energy recovery technologies replace
mixing and recirculation, IAQ issues will disappear and system efficiencies will rise to levels currently believed impossible.
The next level of system above the classical will be transitional in
nature. These strategies will be characterized by the superimposition of
dedicated outdoor air ventilation systems onto otherwise classical strategies. These strategies will be characterized by increased installation costs
and will leave many systemic inefficiencies unaddressed. This article has
provided a glimpse of a transitional strategy in Figure 4.
Part II of this series will discuss the development and advantages
behind higher level HVAC strategies. Understanding the limits of classical
HVAC strategies is critical to appreciating and understanding the possibilities ahead. The highest level of HVAC systems could be categorized
as fundamentally efficient and the term high-performance should be
reserved for those applications.
These will be typically characterized by a change in the fundamental
strategy of HVAC systems away from thermal control toward efficient
processing and management of ventilation. These strategies will tend
to be custom-developed for each application and will be fundamentally
different from all previous HVAC systems. They will be characterized
by relatively small capacity requirements, physical simplicity, and lower
installed costs. Psychrometrically, they will be highly sophisticated and
employ new techniques such as multiple functions, avoidance, and
amplification. They will have much lower energy signatures and will be
characterized by having no fundamental inefficiencies.
In this last category, this author is aware of at least four high-performance HVAC system strategies which have already been conceived,
developed, prototyped, tested, documented, proven, and are ready for
mass application. ES
Lentz is president of Lentz Engineering Associates (Sheboygan Falls, WI). He is a graduate of
the University of Wisconsin, Madison, with a
Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering, and a frequent Speaker at ASHRAE Annual
and Winter Meetings and has been very active
with respect to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1.
He is a member or corresponding member of
six ASHRAE Technical Committees, and has
served as chairman of ASHRAE Technical Committee TC 9.8- Large
Building Air Conditioning Applications, and vice chairman of ASHRAE
TC 5.7-Evaporative Cooling. He has been nationally recognized by
the DOE for having successfully developed, tested, and proven several advanced HVAC system strategies designed to exceed the performance requirements of ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 - Energy
Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rose Residential Buildings, while
meeting or exceeding the requirements of and ANSI/ASHRAE Standard
62.1 - 2004, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor air Quality.
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Issues&Events
Issues&Events
ES and Green Intelligent Buildings
present the 2008 Green Intelligent
Buildings Conference
Industry News
Ingersoll-Rand Company Limited
You are faced with challenges every day trying to find better ways
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the delivery of more energy efficient and intelligent buildings. With
that in mind, youd be remiss if you missed this two-day conference
The 2008 Green Intelligent Buildings Conference, sponsored by
Engineered Systems and its Green Intelligent Buildings supplement, LonMark International, and CABA that brings together building owners, facility engineers, operating engineers, and others to learn about
these new advancements. BOMI is a supporter of the event.
Book your reservation now to get the latest information in this market via case studies of intelligent and integrated projects; use of open
protocols and technologies; new technologies including sensing, communications and wireless; new business models and applications; energy
efficiency technologies and applications; how to plan, design, and deliver
projects; recommendations for more efficient operations; integrated
applications; energy management; daylighting; and lighting control.
Youll want to be in Baltimore on April 2-3, 2008, at the Hyatt
Regency Baltimore to gain this valuable insight. For more information, including a call for papers and sponsorship opportunities, visit
www.greenintelligentbuildings.com/conference, e-mail
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announced that it has executed a definitive agreement to

acquire Trane Inc., formerly American Standard Companies
Inc., in a transaction valued at approximately $10.1 billion,
including transaction fees and the assumption of approximately $150 million of Trane net debt.
ARI, GAMA take the next merger step
Multistack LLC
The ARI and GAMA boards of directors voted unanimously in

November to approve a merger of the two associations. Both organizations were seeking the approval of their respective memberships in a
process expected to have been completed in mid-December.
If approved by the respective memberships, ARI and GAMA
would be dissolved and replaced by a new, combined association
incorporated in Virginia, where ARI and GAMA are currently located. The new association would be named The Air-Conditioning,
Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI).
With more than 370 members representing more than $27 billion in sales, AHRI would be in the top 15% of trade associations in
America. I, personally, am very excited about the possibilities that
this merger could bring, ARI chairman C. David Myers told ARI
members gathered at their annual meeting in Key Largo, FL.
There has never been a more important time for us to interact
with policymakers here and abroad, and with a larger association
indeed, in the top 15% of associations in America we can have
the lobbying clout commensurate with our manufacturing prowess.
Myers, who is a vice president at Johnson Controls, Inc., and president of its Building Efficiency Unit, would serve as the first chairman
of AHRI. Current GAMA president Jack Klimp would serve as CEO
of AHRI during a two-year transition period. Current ARI president
Stephen Yurek would serve as president of the new association.
Stay tuned to www.esmagazine.com for the latest information on
this merger.
broke ground to expand its current manufacturing facility by

50,000 sq ft, and also announced that it is the first HVAC
manufacturer to achieve carbon neutral status in the
United States.
AHR EXPO NEWS
2008 AHR Expo turns New York

into the Big Green Apple
The latest in green products, trends, technologies, and solutions will be featured at the 2008 AHR Expo at New Yorks
Reliable Controls
MACH-ProCom controller has won a 2008 Building Operating Managements magazine Readers Choice Award, which
recognizes the most popular products and suppliers from the
past year.
Daikin AC (Americas), Inc. and McQuay Americas

announced that at the companies four-day North American
Sales Meeting, TriState HVAC Equipment, LLP was awarded
the Daikin AC Pinnacle Award as the rep firm that best exemplified their company ideals and commitment to the future.
Buell & Buell,

a public and media relations firm, announced that it will further specialize its services for the industrial sector, including
focusing efforts to help manufacturers receive high-profile
exposure in the foreign media.
Distech Controls
announced the acquisition of a majority stake in SystemHouse BV, based in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, to form
Distech Controls Europe BV, which will focus on developing
its position in Western Europe and will be responsible for
product sales and market development.
Danfoss Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning, North

America announced a general price increase (which will
offset price hikes on raw materials which have been occurring since early 2004) on all products of up to 6%, effective
January 1, 2008.
Jacob K. Javits Convention Center, January 22-24, 2008. A vast array

of new, energy-efficient, green products will be on display from
more than 1,800 companies around the world. Close to 200 of these
exhibitors will also be showcasing IAQ products and will feature
IAQ signs in their booths. The most innovative green HVACR product has been selected as the winner of the prestigious 2008 AHR
Expo Innovation Award in the Green Building category.
Several of AHR Expos 28 endorsing associations will be offering
free educational sessions dealing with green issues. Some of these
sessions include:
GreenSpeak: Understanding the Language and Concepts
Going Green: Reducing Emissions and Operating Costs in Commercial, Industrial or Process Heating Applications
Going Green and the Plan and Spec Representative
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Engineering Beat
In addition, several green educational sessions will be part of the

ASHRAE Conference program. Sessions such as Successful Solar
Applications and Introduction to Green Buildings and Sustainable
Construction will offer attendees valuable insights into a variety of
green issues. Other green features of the show include:
RDK Engineers
reported that its staff used an innovative solution provided
by the CES Group and Fanwall Technology when they were
working to retrofit a 350,000-sq-ft building for a large commercial client in Marlborough, MA.
A Zero Energy Buildings exhibit, sponsored by the DOE, will provide attendees with research into systems integration of residential
and commercial buildings with renewable and other onsite power
systems. It will include evaluation of cost tradeoffs between investments in energy efficiency and on-site power systems, along with
evaluation of net daily, monthly, and annual energy contributions
from such systems. In addition, the DOE/Building Energy Codes
Programs will have an exhibit where Energy Code Compliance
software will be provided free-of-charge.
The EPA and Energy Star will host an exhibit and seminar for
attendees on how they can help put customers on the road to green,
sustainable buildings. Attendees are invited to learn how building
owners use Energy Stars energy management tools and strategies
to manage risk, stay competitive, and control energy costs.
The New York State Energy Research and Development Authority
(NYSERDA) will present an exhibit as well as a seminar on their
energy savings program and incentives.
Rounding out the green offerings at the show will be information
booths sponsored by the Green Mechanical Council and USGBC.
Going green is one of the hottest topics in the HVACR industry,
so we want to be sure that attendees can find the information they
need to make informed decisions, said Clay Stevens, president of
IEC, show producers and managers.
Technology triumphs at the 2008

AHR Expo Innovation Awards
The most innovative products in the HVACR marketplace

will be honored as winners of the 2008 AHR Expo Innovation Awards competition this January in New York. The honorees
represent the best submissions from the thousands of products on
display at the 2008 AHR Expo, January 22-24. The winners span the
industrial marketplace ranging from the latest development in green
building technology to the newest instrument.
Hewlett Packard
has entered into an agreement to acquire EYP Mission Critical
Facilities Inc., a consulting specialist firm dedicated to technology planning and operation of data intensive facilities.
Kevin McNiff, P.E., LEED AP,

a senior project manager with TOLK, a consulting firm in
Fairfax, VA, was named to the Design Leadership Council
Dream Team for design excellence.
Dewberry,
a privately held professional services firm, announced
that IES Engineers will become a Dewberry affiliate. The
mechanical/electrical engineering firm is based in Chapel
Hill, NC, and will be known as IES Engineers-Dewberry.
Evergreen Engineering
expanded its engineering and construction services into
Boise, ID, with an office space located at 250 Bobwhite
Court, Suite 340.
Cannon Design
announced that John M. Swift, Jr., P.E. LEED, has been
appointed principal.
IAQ
Lennox International, Humiditrol enhanced dehumidification
accessory
Refrigeration
Emerson Climate Technologies, Copeland SystemPro condensing unit
Software
Maxwell Systems, Inc., Maxwell Systems Estimation Takeoff
The 2008 winners are:

Building Automation
Tek-Air Systems, Inc., AccuValve new air control valve by
Accutrol, LLC
Cooling
NORDYNE, 23-SEER air conditioner with iQ Drive
Green Building
Carrier Corporation, Evergreen 23XRV chiller with Foxfire
technology
Heating
Hallowell International, Acadia: combined heating and cooling
system
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Tools & Instruments

Omega Engineering, Inc., zSeries wireless sensor system
Ventilation
ebm-papst, Inc., five-blade EC axial fan w/winglets
The following companies received Honorable Mention for their
innovative new products:
Building Automation (Honorable Mentions)
Building Automation Products, Inc., wireless temp or humidity
system
Honeywell International, Spyder controller
Reliable Controls Corporation, MACH-Stat BACnet controller
Viconics Electronics, Inc., Viconics wireless gateway
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Cooling (Honorable Mentions)
Baltimore Aircoil Company, PT2
Carrier Corporation, AquaForce air cooled chillers
Daikin AC (Americas), Inc., Daikin VRV-III air conditioning
system
Honeywell International, VisionPRO IAQ thermostat
Green Building (Honorable Mentions)
Grundfos Pumps Corporation, Grundfos MAGNA circulator
Lennox International, Strategos Rooftop Unit line
Oventrop Corporation, Regusol X station with heat exchanger
for solar energy
Heating (Honorable Mentions)
AERCO International, Inc., Benchmark 3.0LN boiler
ClimateMaster, Inc., Tranquility (THW) Series high temp waterto-water heat pump
Grundfos Pumps Corporation, VersaFLo UP(S) wet rotor circulators
Hydro Delta Corporation, Hydroheat Quadro-Therm geothermal heat pump
IAQ (Honorable Mentions)
Broan-NuTone LLC, Broan SmartSense ventilation system
Carrier Corporation, 39M air handler with Agion
Hoffman Controls Corp., 220-TRH VariFLow interface
HVACR students in the New York area. Since the conception of the
program five years ago, thousands of dollars have been donated to
several technical schools scholarship funds.
Winners of the AHR Expo Innovation Awards will be recognized
in a special ceremony on January 22 in the New Product Technology
Theater A, located in Hall 1D on Level 1. Winners will also receive
placards to display at their booths during the show as well as an etched
crystal award to be displayed at their companys headquarters.
The Innovation Awards are jointly sponsored by ASHRAE, ARI,
and International Exposition Company (IEC), producers and organizers of the AHR Expo. Only one product per company may be
submitted in each category and winning products from previous
years cannot be re-entered. For more information on the AHR Expo
Innovation Awards, visit www.ahrexpo.com.
Emerson survey gauges industry

readiness for 2010 phase-out of
R-22 equipment
Emerson Climate Technologies, a business of Emerson,

announced results from the companys most recent contractor
and distributor survey. Surprisingly, 100% of those surveyed said they
are aware of the 2010 phase-out of new R-22 equipment. However,
only 13% reported that they are exclusively quoting R-410A, 69%
Refrigeration (Honorable Mentions)

ebm-papst, Inc., Energy Saving Axial Fan Series
Sporlan Division - Parker Hannifin, Subcool-O-Matic mechanical controller
Tecumseh Products Company, Product: OD Max
Software (Honorable Mentions)
Bidtracer Specialty Software Group LLC, Bidtracer bid management
Engineered Software, Inc., PIPE-FLO Professional 2007 fluid
flow analysis
Honeywell International, WebStat controller communication
thermostat system
Jonas Software Ltd., Jonas Service Management
Tools & Instruments (Honorable Mentions)
Appion Inc., G5 Twin refrigerant recovery unit
Emerson Climate Technologies, 1F85RF-275 thermostat kit
(with wireless remote sensor)
Nu-Calgon Wholesaler, Inc., Rx11-flush ozone-safe solvent
Ventilation (Honorable Mentions)
AirConcepts, Inc., Turret drum louver
GLV International Ltd., square flexible air ducts
Munters Corporation, DryCool ERV dehumidifier
A panel of judges consisting of ASHRAE members selected
for their exceptional knowledge of the industry and its products,
reviewed and evaluated all submissions. Product entries were judged
for innovation, application, value to user, and market impact.
In addition to recognizing outstanding product innovation, the
award competition provides entry fees that will be used to benefit
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reported that they currently quote both R-410A and R-22, and 11%
are not even offering R-410A. One of the most dramatic points from
the survey results shows that 40% admitted that they will wait until
2010 to convert their sales to R-410A equipment. The survey results
also point to higher costs for R-410A systems as the primary reason.
Were encouraged to see such widespread awareness for the coming 2010 transition from the industry. However, the fact that 11%
reported they arent currently selling or installing R-410A equipment
at all tells us there is a lot of work to do to make sure that we, as an
industry, are ready, said Scott Barbour, president, Emerson Climate
Technologies Air Conditioning Division.
There were positive findings as well. More than half of the contractors reported that their technicians and staff were trained to support R-410A and the vast majority stated that they could easily find
R-410A equipment. Also, 11% of those surveyed said their customers
were already asking specifically for R-410A equipment.
Emerson Climate Technologies is surveying HVAC contractors and
distributors to gauge their preparedness for the 2010 phase-out of all new
equipment designed for use with HCFC refrigerants, including R-22.
The 2010 phase-out marks a major undertaking for the HVAC industry.
The number of products that will need to be changed over from HCFC
to HFC refrigerants represents a significant challenge. Emerson Climate
Technologies manufactures broad product offerings of both R-22 and
R-410A compressors and related HVAC components.
For more information on R-410A readiness, including Emerson
technical white papers, contractor checklists and more, visit ___
www.
EmersonClimate.com/refrigerant.
Gulf Coast Green 2008 Symposium

and Expo announced
The Houston Chapter of AIAs Committee on the Environment

(COTE) third green building symposium and expo will take place
April 36, 2008 in Houston. Gulf Coast Green08 will focus on both
professionals and the public: The two-day seminar offers four educational tracks offering various skill levels for the design and construction professional, while the Consumer Expo, new to GCG08 this year,
encourages us all to become familiar with the latest in certified green
building products and innovations.
The theme of the 2008 conference is Innovations in Building for
Hot and Humid Climates. The specific focus of the conference is green
or sustainable building along the Gulf Coast Region, but the content
includes broader issues such as sustainable land use and global warming. Educational tracks will be: Meeting the Carbon Neutral Challenge;
Ecological Design; Sustainable Land Use & Development; and Innovations in Sustainable Design.
Gulf Coast Green 08 is hosted by the Houston chapter of the
American Institute of Architects Committee on the Environment
(AIA COTE) in partnership with the Greater Houston Area Chapter
of the USGBC and the Houston District Council of The Urban Land
Institute (ULI). Visit www.gulfcoastgreen.org for more information.
Major supermarkets chillin for

the environment with EPAs
GreenChill Partnership
The EPA and the supermarket, refrigeration equipment, and

chemical refrigerant industries launched the new GreenChill
Advanced Refrigeration Partnership a voluntary program to
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Association Agenda
The Cooling Technology Institute (CTI)
will hold its 2008 Annual Conference in Houston, February
3-7, 2008.
APPA
announced the first credentialing standard for the educational facilities profession, The Educational Facilities Professional (EFP) credential, which provides a way for APPA
members to validate the unique knowledge and competence required of an accomplished professional in the field.
CABA
launched a members-only research project, The Going
Green Study, which seeks to understand consumers willingness to act green both today and in the future.
AMCA International, Inc.s

revised publication 111-99, Laboratory Accreditation Program Manual, allows a laboratory to be able to accredit their
lab for testing in accordance with AMCA 260, the laboratory
method of testing Induced Flow Fans for Rating.
The National Association of Power Engineers

will bring its national convention to Philadelphia in July 2008.
ASHRAE
announced the recipient of its first health care facility design
professional certification is Ildefonso Bayron, Jr., an associate partner for Syska Hennessy Group, Los Angeles.
promote green technologies, strategies, and practices that protect the

stratospheric ozone layer, reduce greenhouse gases, and save money.
As Americans make greener choices, we look for companies that support a greener lifestyle, said Robert J. Meyers, principal deputy assistant
administrator of the EPAs Office of Air and Radiation. The GreenChill
logo is a clear sign of a supermarkets environmental commitment. It shows
that GreenChill members are doing their utmost to save the ozone layer.
The 10 GreenChill founding partners are Whole Foods Market;
Food Lion, LLC; Giant Eagle Inc.; Hannaford Bros. Co.; Harris
Teeter; Hill PHOENIX; Honeywell International; Kysor//Warren;
Publix Super Markets Inc.; and DuPont.
These partners, as well as those in the future, must pledge to go
above and beyond regulatory requirements by establishing an inventory of current refrigerant emissions that may affect climate change
and the stratospheric ozone layer, and then setting reduction targets
for these emissions. Partners will also participate in an industry/government research initiative to assess the performance of cutting edge
green technologies in terms of energy efficiency, reduction of ozonedepleting refrigerant charges, and minimization of refrigerant leaks.
As an example of GreenChill Partnership initiatives that decrease the
impact of supermarkets on climate change, the EPA estimates that widespread adoption of advanced refrigeration technologies, best practices,
and improved equipment design and service could reduce refrigerant
emissions by one million metric tons of carbon equivalent per year, the
equivalent of taking 800,000 automobiles off the road every year.
To counteract the depletion of stratospheric ozone, which protects earths citizens from the suns ultraviolet radiation, partners
guarantee to use only ozone-friendly alternatives and advanced
refrigeration technologies in all new and remodeled stores. EPA
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believes that GreenChill partners adoption of advanced refrigeration technologies
will lead to increased energy efficiency and
reduce operating expenses to the industry by
over $12 million annually.
More information is online at epa.gov/
ozone/partnerships/greenchill.
________________
Over 90% of all

commercial buildings
have at least one HVAC
problem: report
example, the report findings show that over

80% of buildings surveyed showed evidence
of over-ventilation. Improving ventilation
control offers a significant potential for energy savings, up to 40% in many cases.
Less than half of buildings surveyed maintained temperatures within 2F of the specified setpoint. One in five buildings surveyed
experienced actual temperatures that were
more than 5 from the specified setpoint.
There is a direct relationship to temperature

variation and comfort complaints. Based on
ASHRAE comfort models, the predicted rate
of dissatisfaction is as high as 30% when
the temperature swings are greater than 5,
resulting in productivity loss.
Nearly one-quarter of buildings surveyed
were found to have inefficient temperature
control, with the temperature in the space
significantly higher than the heating setpoint
AirAdvices State of Building Performance Report 2007 defines the current state of HVAC system performance in
North America, and reveals that over 90%
of all commercial buildings have at least one
HVAC problem waiting to be addressed.
The report combines the latest industry
findings with the AirAdvice Indoor Environment and Building Performance Database
(IEBPD), a collection of data from over
300 customized commercial building assessments over the past year and over 3,700
individual indoor environment analyses
conducted in cooperation with over 1,500
HVAC professionals since March 2004.
This data shows that:
Most buildings suffer from two or more
basic comfort or energy efficiency flaws.

Conditions that are likely to generate com-
fort complaints exist in over 75% of buildings surveyed.

Over-ventilation is the most common cause
of excessive HVAC-related energy use.
The report can prove helpful to many
different professionals in the HVAC industry. In addition to quantifying the prevalence and nature of commercial building
performance issues, the AirAdvice State of
Building Performance Report 2007 summarizes the significant economic costs of
these issues, said Gary Frayn, AirAdvice vice
president of commercial development. With
the help of the report in highlighting common problems found in many buildings,
performance issues in commercial building
can be effectively addressed and resolved,
creating both new business opportunities
within the industry as well as improved performance outcomes, said Frayn.
Some key findings can help address performance issues such as comfort complaints
and occupant/employee satisfaction, high
energy costs, and sustainability issues. For
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or lower than the cooling setpoint. The potential exists for energy savings of up to 10% if more precise temperature control at the specified
setpoint could be achieved.
The full report is available for download at www.airadvice.com/
commercial/report-form.php.
________________
Survey finds architects designing

green to address demand for lower
building operating costs
Autodesk, Inc. and the American Institute of Architects (AIA)

announced the results of the 2007 Autodesk/AIA Green Index,
an annual survey that measures how AIA member architects in the
U.S. are practicing sustainable design, as well as their opinions about
the green building movement.
The index shows that green building has taken a firm hold on the
industry and has captured the attention of both architects and their
clients. The 2007 Autodesk/AIA Green Index survey reports 70%
of architects say client demand is the leading driver of green building and that the primary reason these owners and developers are
demanding greener buildings is for reduced operating costs. Architects are responding by significantly increasing their use of sustainable
elements such as high-efficiency HVAC systems, recycled building
materials and using software to model energy usage.
According to the Autodesk/AIA Green Index, less than half of architects were incorporating sustainable design practices into their projects
five years ago. However, this number is quickly rising with 90% of architects expecting to incorporate some sustainable elements by 2012.
This rapidly growing adoption of sustainable design is in direct
response to a strong client demand for green building, with 70% of
this years respondents citing client demand as the main driver pushing architects to go green. When asked to cite a reason behind clients
push toward green building, 64% of respondents cited the reduced
operating costs that can be obtained through sustainable design.
Buildings are the leading provider of greenhouse emissions, and
in 2005 the AIA set a goal to reduce carbon emissions from buildings by 50% by 2010 and to achieve carbon neutrality by 2030, said
AIA EVP/CEO Christine McEntee. The results of the survey are
encouraging, but there needs to be a greater sense of urgency to make
sustainable design the norm in the profession. To that end, we will be
releasing additional resources in 2008 to better educate both architects
and clients on best practices and benefits of green buildings.
The survey also shows that architects are making significant strides
to meet their client demand for green building. Working to develop
their sustainable design skills, 88% of respondents have received training or continuing education focused on green building. This years
Green Index also shows a significant increase in the practice of sustainable design since 2002. According to this years survey, the industry has
seen a 25% increase in the number of architects utilizing high-efficiency
HVAC systems in their projects over the past five years. Other areas of
growth include the use of highly reflective roofing materials, which has
jumped 18% since 2002, and the adoption of energy modeling and
baseline analysis, which has seen a 17% increase in that same period.
While almost 75% of Green Index respondents believe that the
building industry is headed in the right direction regarding climate
change, and 54% believe architects are responsible for developing
and implementing solutions to this issue, the survey also shows that
there is still significant opportunity for architects to deliver on green
building practices. Although 50% of architects reported having clients
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Places And Faces

International Environmental Corporation (IEC)
announced the appointment of Dennis Kloster to the position of executive vice president and general manager.
Grundfos Pumps,
group chairman, Niels Due Jensen, was awarded the Equipment Design Award from the National Ground Water Association
for the companys SmartFlo SQ and SQE pump systems.
Thermadyne Industries, Inc.

announced the appointment of Terry A. Moody as its
executive vice president of global operations.
Facilities Technology Group (FTG)

announced the addition of Larry Barlow.
Emerson Climate Technologies,

a business of Emerson, announced the promotion of
Dave Proffitt to the position of vice president, international
procurement for its Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc.
business division; and the promotion of John Sperino to the
position of vice president, general counsel and secretary.
inquire about green building on the majority of their projects, only

30% of architects actually implemented green building elements in
their projects. In addition, only 10% of architects are currently measuring the carbon footprint of their projects.
We are encouraged that the 2007 Green Index shows a growing
number of architects practicing green building, said Phil Bernstein,
FAIA, LEED AP, Autodesk vice president of AEC Industry Strategy
and Relations. Since only 10% of architects are currently measuring
the carbon footprint of their projects, Autodesk recognizes a need to
make this an easier and more efficient process using new and existing
technology solutions. We look forward to continued cooperation with
the AIA to help architects use technology to design more environmentally responsible buildings.
When asked what green building efforts they expect to adopt in the
next five years, over half the respondents said they will be using tools
to enable the prediction and evaluation of the environmental impact
and life cycle of the building materials used in their projects, a 36%
increase from today. Fifty-six percent of respondents also stated that
they will be using design software to evaluate and explore alternative
building materials to maximize energy performance and minimize
their environmental footprint.
The Autodesk/AIA Green Index was conducted online by StrategyOne Research in October 2007 among 347 practicing architects in
the U.S. The architects were questioned on their use of 14 green design
practices: Five years ago, over the previous 12 months, and their
expected use five years from now. The design practices were based on
the U.S. Green Building Councils LEED standards.
The architects who responded to the survey come from a mix
of design practices. Forty-four percent are predominantly involved
with commercial projects, 32% with institutional, 20% with single
family homes, and 4% with industrial projects. Sixty-two percent of
the architects have 15 or more years of experience. Additionally, 88%
of the architects have received training or continuing education on
the subject of green buildings. The full report is available at www.
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Computers&Software
WATER HEATER/BOILER SIZING
BAS SOFTWARE
Acc-U-Size, an online sizing guide, allows

users to size commercial applications with 17
options for water heaters and boilers (including
gas, electric, or oil applications such as heat
sources). Features include drawings for dimensional and piping functions, which can be
printed or exported to other Windows compatible programs.
A. O. Smith
F O R F R E E I N F O R M AT I O N C I R C L E : 7 0 0
BUILDING MONITORING
The Newport iSE Web-based environmental monitor
provides remote surveillance of environmental conditions in critical HVAC applications such as computer
server rooms, clean rooms, and laboratories. Users
can view virtual charts and record temperature, rh,
and dewpoint over an Ethernet network or the Internet with just a Web browser.
RC-Archive 2.0 allows users to gain

access to numerous trend logs recorded
from multiple buildings, automatically
polled using Ethernet (IP) communications. Additionally, alarm messages can
be automatically e-mailed by the server to
communicate server status.
Reliable Controls
Newport Electronics
BITS & BYTES
WORLD WIDE WEB
TDCI, Inc.
Onset Computer Corporation
announced that Temtrol has licensed TDCIs BuyDesign Channel Sales

software to support and enhance sales processes for the companys line of
AHUs, fancoil units, and OEM and replacement coils.
(www.onsetcomp.com) now offers a free, on-demand Webcast titled, An

Introduction to Data Logging Software.
E-Mon
has reached a reseller agreement with Tridium, Inc. in which the former will
focus on the development of a full suite of building automation products
for the nationwide systems integrator market utilizing the latters widely
installed JACE hardware platform with NiagaraAX software.
Algor, Inc.
has opened a new office in Stanley, NC, located approximately 17 miles
northwest of Charlotte.
Honeywell
introduced EXCEL 5000 OpenViewNet, a secure network device that
connects the EXCEL 5000 family of controllers to the Internet, delivering
remote, Web-based monitoring and control of HVAC systems.
The Mechanical Contractors Association of America

(MCAA)
launched a new website, at www.greencontractors.us, to provide members
with the resources that can help them become industry leaders in green and
sustainable construction and service.
WaterFurnace
CertainTeed Corporations
Commercial Building Science Concepts and Practices, a self-study workshop DVD for builders, architects, designers, engineers, and contractors,
illustrates how natural forces affect a building and outlines strategies for
achieving energy efficient buildings, identifying trouble spots in construction, and planning for safety, comfort, and convenience.
recently launched a new public website at www.waterfurnace.com, for commercial and residential customers, to quickly connect with local dealers.
Space-Ray
has developed a new website, www.spaceray.com, which allows users fast
access to its extensive line of radiant infrared heating systems.
Emerson Climate Technologies,
Bluebeam Software, Inc.

has released Bluebeam Conversion Server v3.0 for automated conversion of
CAD, Office, and Windows files to 11 formats including PDF, DWF, and TIF.
Taco Design Tools
a business of Emerson, announced that the company has made the replay
of its recent supermarket industry webinar, The Overview of Refrigerants
__
and Refrigerant Regulations in the Supermarket Industry, available at www.
emersonclimate.com/refrigerant_webinar.htm.
________________________
was developed to make it faster, easier, and more convenient for HVAC
professionals to design and evaluate hydronic systems and select, specify,
and apply the companys products.
The Novaflex Group
Danfoss Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Controls
The USGBC
CoolCat is a selection tool that helps users size and calculate the correct
expansion valve size, solenoid valve size, and other company components,
and provides automatic updates in the event that new versions are available.
launched a new website (www.buildgreenschools.org) to provide users a

new resource in the effort to ensure a future of green schools for every child
within a generation.
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has launched a new corporate website at www.novaflex.com, designed to offer

visitors an easier and more efficient method of browsing its full line of products.
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Condo/Apartment Complex HVAC Systems

This second program provides an engineered approach to selecting the optimum HVAC system for your
application, using our Application Scorecard checklist.
Well also include Helpful Hints on design engineering, TAB, commissioning, and construction administration
for these projects. Well also discuss how to create the HVAC system ow diagram and integrate it with the
ATC sequence of operation and the functional performance testing.
While the previous webinar addressed what goes into producing the Back2Basics column, most of this hour
will focus on the HVAC Systems & Analysis Selection Matrix, because of its importance as a business and
engineering tool for identifying the right HVAC system for the owners building program.
Reinforcing good standard engineering practices, relaying to how-to practitioner tidbits, considering
some LEED possibilities, and the lively Q&A with attendees should round out another packed, productive
Back2Basics hour.
If youre busy that day, sign up anyway. You can play back the scheduled broadcast any time you like.
Presenters:
Amanda E. McKew
HVAC Commissioning Engineer
Richard d. Kimball Company, Inc.
Date:
February 6th, 2008

Time:
Howard J. McKew, P.E. CPE

Director of Building Solutions
Richard d. Kimball Company, Inc.
2:00 p.m. EST
REGISTER TODAY
http://webinars.esmagazine.com
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ProductsInFocus
DESICCANT DEHUMIDIFICATION
BOILERS
The co
companys ProDry dehumidier is designed to reduce humidity llevels and improve IAQ in commercial industrial construcapplications by taking reactivation air from the room and
tion ap
venting it outside. The unit features a small footprint and can run
power typically used on construction sites.
off the temporary
t
Munters Moisture Control Services
FREE INFO: CIRCLE NO. 300
GAUGES
The companys DPG7010 and DPG7025
D
pressure
gauges feature a 0.10 or 0.25% of span, terminal
point, total error band including hysteresis, linearity,
repeatability, and a temperature range from 8 to
66C. Both models have a variety of user congurable options, including 12 user selectable units of
measure in seven languages with password-protected calibration and disable functions.
The HE-AB Series forced draft gas-red

exible watertube water boiler features a
guaranteed efciency of 85%, which high
results from a uniquely designed integrated
extended surface heat extractor and is supported by 7 sq ft of heating surface/bhp.
Omega Engineering
Bryan Steam, LLC

PIPES
SMART SENSORS
The companys line of SensiNet smart sensors is
s designed to monitor and manage energy consumption
on in
commercial and industrial facilities. The three sen-sors include a high-accuracy AC power sensor
for revenue grade monitoring, and extended
AC power sensor for monitoring equipment
operating status, and a DC voltage and current
sensor for string-level monitoring of photovoltaic solar power generating systems.
Sensicastt Systems, Inc.
The GreenSeam is a self-sealing snap

lock pipe that is designed to conform to
LEED standards. Features include an improved lock design for fast assembly and
improved strength, and the unit is available
in galvanized, aluminum, and 304 stainless steel. The pipe is available in a variety
of gauges including 24, 26, and 30 and in
three lengths: 24, 60, and 120 in.
PORTABLE DEHUMIDIFIERS
The companys HPR Series dehumidiers are designed
up to 7 lb of moisture per hour or 150 pints
to remove
r
moisture per day. All HPRs use an evaporator coil to
of m
remove moisture and a second reheat coil to warm the
rem
supply air and prevent over cooling of the space. Oversup
sized wheels are available making HPRs very portable,
size
even on stairs. Optional brackets offer convenient wall
eve
mounting as an alternative.
mo
Desert Aire
Ductmate Industries, Inc.

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ETHERNET SWITCH SELECTOR
CO DETECTOR
The companys Ethernet switch selector answers

questions regarding its plug-and-play CTRLinkbrand of managed and congured switches, including temperature range, port count, multimode
or single-mode ber, connectors, dimensions (in
inches), and mounting.
Contemporary Controls
VAV DIFFUSERS
The CO1224
24 CO d
detector iis ffeatured
d iin
this two-page fact sheet. Included is a
product photo, lists of features and specications, and operation mode information.
The CO1224 is specically designed for
system operation, offering a trouble relay
as well as SEMS terminals for wiring supervision.
The companys VAV diffuser, Model SCVH for heating and

cooling, is thermally powered and provides separately adjustable room temperature setpoints for both heating and
cooling control.
Performance Air Products, Inc.
System Sensor
HVAC SYSTEMS
ENERGY RECOVERY WHEEL

This technology update, titled Importance of the 3A Molecular Sieve Desiccant Coated Total Energy Recovery Wheel To
The HVAC Indoor Air Quality Market, Revision 3, focuses on
the companys EXCLU-SIEVE total energy wheel. Included are product information and research results.
SEMCO
This all-products catalog features the

companys complete line of HVAC products, systems, and services. Included are
products photos, specication charts,
features and benets, and cross-sectional
diagrams.
EXPANSION VALVE
The ESX step motor expansion valve is featured in this brochure. The unit is designed to provide precise ow control
for refrigeration, A/C, and heat pump applications. Included
is product information, ratings charts, schematic charts, and
specication information.
McQuay International
Sporlan Division,
Parker Hannin Corporation
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Glossary
Here are some common abbreviations and terms found in the pages of Engineered Systems.
A/C air conditioning

ach air changes per hour
AE architectural and engineering; or architect and engineer
AFD adjustable-frequency drive
AHJ authority having jurisdiction
AHU air-handling unit
ASD adjustable-speed drive
ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and
Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
ATC automatic temperature control
fpm feet per minute

FPT functional performance test
rh relative humidity
RFP request for proposal
RFS request for submittal
ROI return on investment
RO reverse osmosis
RTD resistance temperature detector
G
gpm gallons per minute
H
HEPA high-efficiency particulate air
HTML hypertext markup language
HTTP hypertext transfer protocol
HWR hot water return
HWS hot water supply
B
BACnet a data communication protocol for building
automation and control networks
BAS building automation system
bhp boiler horsepower; also, brake horsepower
BMS building management system
T
TAB testing and balancing
TES thermal energy storage
UL Underwriter's Laboratory
USGBC U.S. Green Building Council
UV ultraviolet
CAD computer-aided design

cfm cubic feet per minute
CHW chilled water
CMMS computerized maintenance management system
CO2 carbon dioxide
COP coefficient of performance
LAN local area network

LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design,
a designation by the U.S. Green Building Council
D-B design-build
db drybulb
DDC direct digital controls
DID design intent document
DOAS dedicated outdoor air system
DOE U.S. Department of Energy
DX direct expansion
scfm standard cubic feet per minute
IAQ indoor air quality

IS information systems
IT information technology
V
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VFD variable-frequency drive
VOIP voice-over Internet protocol
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MEC mechanical, electrical, communication

MEP mechanical, electrical, plumbing
MERV minimum efficiency rating value
O&M operations and maintenance

oBIX Open Building Information Exchange
OEM original equipment manufacturer
OA outside air
WAN wide area network

wb wetbulb
wc water column
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XML extensible markup language
PFPT prefunctional performance test

PM preventive maintenance
PID proportional, integral, derivative
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AdIndex
Info# Advertiser / Website
Page #
Info# Advertiser / Website
Page #
13.............A.J. Manufacturing / www.ajmfg.com ....................................... 13
_________
137...........Mars Air Systems / www.marsair.com.......................................
15
49.............Acutherm / www.acutherm.com................................................ 31
187...........Maxitrol Company / www.maxitrol.com .................................... 22
12.............Alerton / www.alerton.com .................................................. 8B-9B
87.............Mitsubishi Electric HVAC / www.mehvac.com .......................... 14
179...........APC Corp. / www.apc.com/promo Key Code a309w .............. 33
94.............Nexus Valve / www.nexusvalve.com ......................................... 94
8...............AutomatedBuildings.Com / www.automatedbuildings.com ..... 20
144...........Nortec Industries Inc / www.humidity.com ............................... 43
6...............Automated Logic / www.automatedlogic.com ...................IFC-3B
186...........BALTIMORE AIRCOIL CO., INC. / www.BaltimoreAircoil.com .. 87
151...........Belimo Aircontrols (USA) Inc. / www.belimo.com ............ 15B-BC
16.............Parker Boiler Company / www.parkerboiler.com ...................... 22
128...........Bradford-White / www.bradfordwhite.com ............................... 71
101...........Patterson Pump Company / www.pattersonpumps.com ......... 67
____________
9...............Bryan Boilers LLC / www.bryanboilers.com..............................
19
24.............PoolPak International / www.poolpak.com ............................... 20
198...........Camus Hydronics / www.camus-hydronics.com ........................ 6
61.............Ruskin / www.ruskin.com .......................................................... 51
111...........CertainTeed / www.certainteed.com ......................................... 25
107...........Sanuvox Technologies / www.sanuvox.com ............................. 23
188...........CES Group, Inc. / www.ces-group.com .................................... 69
17.............Scantek, Inc. / www.scantekinc.com ........................................ 15
22.............Contemporary Controls / www.ccontrols.com ................ 12B-13B
35.............Semco Inc. / www.semcoinc.com............................................IFC
21.............Daikin AC (Americas), Inc. / www.daikinac.com ....................... 45
49.............Shortridge Instruments, Inc. / www.shortridge.com ................. 97
15.............Data Aire, Inc. / www.dataaire.com ........................................... 75
189...........Square D / www.squared.com .................................................. 59
39.............Delta Controls / www.deltacontrols.com............................. 4B-5B
156...........Stulz Air Technology / www.stulz-ats.com ................................ 85
4...............Desert Aire Corp. / www.desert-aire.com ................................. 47
83.............Taco Inc. / www.taco-hvac.com ...........................................COV1
5...............Desert Aire Corp. / www.desert-aire.com ................................. 63
18.............Topog-E Gasket Co. / www.topog-e.com ................................. 94
118...........Ductmate Industries Inc. / www.ductmate.com ........................ 11
19.............TPI Corporation / www.tpicorp.com ......................................... 48
53.............Dwyer Instruments Inc. / www.dwyer-inst.com......................... 83
14.............Trend Control Systems / _____________

www.trendcontrols.com..................... 77
129...........ebm-papst Inc. / www.ebmpapst.us ....................................... IBC
59.............Tridium / www.tridium.com ...................................................... 16
206...........ElectroFin, Inc. / www.electron.com........................................ 37
57.............Tridium / www.tridium.com ....................................................... 17
92.............Fujitsu General America, Inc. / www.fujitsugeneral.com ........... 91
116...........TSI Incorporated. / www.tsi.com............................................... 82
95.............Gastite Corp. / www.gastite.com .............................................. 61
82.............Unilux Advanced Manufacturing, LLC / www.uniluxam.com .... 29
32.............GE Zoneline / www.gezoneline.com ........................................... 3
185...........United Enertech Corporation / www.unitedenertech.com ........ 21
10.............GEA PHE Systems North America, Inc. / www.geaphe.com .... 18
46.............USA Coil & Air, Inc. / www.usacoil.com .................................... 89
34.............Goodway Technologies Corporation / www.goodway.com ...... 70
20.............Vaisala, Inc. / www.vaisala.com ................................................ 36
43.............Greenheck Fan Corporation / www.greenheck.com ................. 49
190...........Veris Industries / www.veris.com .............................................. 68
11.............Heat-Timer Corporation / www.heat-timer.com ...................... 106
65.............Viconics Inc. / www.viconics.com ...........................................10B
163...........Hurst Boiler & Welding Co. / www.hurstboiler.com ................. 101
66.............Viconics Inc. / www.viconics.com ...........................................11B
102...........Johnson Controls / www.johnsoncontrols.com .......................... 5
70.............Weil-McLain / www.weil-mclain.com .......................................... 7
23.............Lattner Boiler Mfg. Co. / www.lattnerboiler.com ....................... 13
143...........Wilo USA LLC / www.wilo-na.com ............................................ 27
38.............Lochinvar Corp. / www.lochinvar.com ..................................... BC
42.............Yaskawa Electric America / www.yaskawa.com ....................... 35
119...........Lumisys / www.lumisys1.com ............................................. 6B-7B
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ES is not responsible for errors or omissions.
Sales Staff
Peter E. Moran
Publisher
e-mail: moranp@bnpmedia.com
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TomorrowsEngineer
BY HOWARD MCKEW, P.E., C.P.E.
PM WORKORDERS,
Not O&M Requirements
Sometimes, even while thinking big, you have to go to Plan B.
In my February 2004 column, I introduced the concept of

CMMS ready on day one of occupancy. The idea was to
begin to collect equipment O&M manuals immediately
following the acceptance of the equipment shop drawing submittal.
The concept was to begin to collect the O&M data at the start of the
construction project, instead of at end of construction, so that the
facility staff would have sufficient time early in the job to begin to create their CMMS system PM workorders well in advance of day one of
occupancy. We even provided language to be added into the contract
specification so that the contractor was obligated to fulfill this request.
NO GOAL!
Several jobs later, I have found that this approach isnt achieving the
goal we set. The problem, as I see it, is that most facility groups were not
prepared to take the initiative to be proactive with the development of
the PM workorders this early in the project. I think the idea of getting the
O&M manuals in a timely manner and then beginning the development
of the asset database leading up to the actual creation of workorders was
too much of a culture change for maintenance management.
Im not sure why that is, but seldom did I find a facility person being
proactive with the information received by turning them into PM workorders. So this year Im going to Plan B, with the idea that we will
provide the asset database and associated PM workorders as part of our
commissioning services, and well do so at no additional cost!
Why am I doing this? Well, planned (a.k.a., preventive) maintenance
workorders contribute to equipment service life being more sustainable then reactive maintenance. As engineers, we need to do something
sustainable to ensure the client will have PM workorders in place on day
one of occupancy, because the current process isnt working.
In fact, if you think about it, the current process of engineers
specifying that the contractor provide the O&M manuals to the facility
engineer hasnt worked as far back as you can go in this business. There
are lots of reasons for this failure and maybe this would be a good topic
for an Engineered Systems webinar, but for today, lets just agree facility
managers arent sitting around waiting for something to do so when
those volumes of O&M manuals eventually show up on their desks.
THE DAWN OF PLAN B
My Plan B goes back to the late 1980s and early 90s, when I had the
opportunity to work for a mechanical contracting company that also
had an O&M outsource firm that operated and maintained around 24
million sq ft of facility space. I had the chance to oversee the technical support for this outsource firm, which included the management
of the companys PM workorder system. When we took over the
management of a buildings mechanical and electrical systems, it was
my groups responsibility to create the PM workorders for this new
account. We didnt spend time looking for O&M manuals at the facility, but instead we simply went to our library of PM workorders for
maintenance management needs. Starting with an asset database that
112
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Engineered Systems
It iis
s ir
iron
onic
ic ttha
hatt th
the
e de
desi
sign
gn e
eng
ngin
inee
eer
r,
who
wh
o pr
prob
obab
ably
ly h
has
as n
nev
ever
er s
see
een
n a PM
work
wo
rkor
orde
der
r, iis
s th
the
e on
one
e sp
pec
ecif
ifyi
y ng
yi
g
O&M
O&
M ma
manu
nual
al r
req
equi
uire
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ment
nts
s, whi
while
le
a co
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ctor
o , who
o al
a so pro
oba
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by
hasnt
t seen a workord
k der,, eit
ith
her,, iis
the
th
e on
one
e re
resp
spon
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sibl
ble
e fo
for
r pr
prov
ovid
idin
ing
g
what
wh
at a fac
facil
ilit
ity
y en
engi
gine
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er n
nee
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The
e
phra
ph
rase
se, B
Bli
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nd llea
eadi
ding
ng tthe
he b
bli
lind
nd,
comes to mind.
inventoried the equipment, we would generate workorders needed for
our on-site maintenance technician(s) to do their job.
Based on this experience, I came to appreciate what it took to create
a workorder by learning from outsourced facility engineers who have
a totally different engineering role from that of the design engineer. It
is ironic that the design engineer, who probably has never seen a PM
workorder, is the one specifying O&M manual requirements, while a
contractor, who also probably hasnt seen a workorder, either, is the one
responsible for providing what a facility engineer needs. The phrase,
Blind leading the blind, comes to mind when thinking about these 20thcentury contract specification criteria. Its time we make a change.
THE FUTURE OF PM WORKORDERS
Today, nothing has changed when it comes to an outsource firm
moving in and taking over the operation of a buildings systems, but
my facility experience got me thinking, Why cant we provide the
PM workorders when we commission a project or design a building
infrastructure? With the endorsement of the company I work for, we
began to create a PM workorder library.
In 2008, our group will implement Plan B; well inventory equipment assets and input the information into a database for the jobs we
will be commissioning. I think in the 21st century, we should still ask
for O&Ms but do so by specifying the documents be electronically
sent (see Tomorrows Engineer, May 2006),
while also having access to a library of PM
workorders to streamline the process. ES
McKew is director, Building Solutions Group,
Richard D. Kimball Company, Inc. (Andover,
MA). Reach by e-mail at ____________
hmckew@RDKengineers.com.
________
For more online publications, visit
www.buildingsmartsoftware.com.
January 2008
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