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INTEGRAL
Luis Felipe Camacho Huante
Jose Antonio Cortes Perez
Julio 2009
Parte I
Ejercicios
Captulo 1
Integrales
1.1.
Integrales Inmediatas
Z
x4 5 x2 dx
(1.1)
dx
7 + x2
(1.2)
sen x csc2 x dx
(1.3)
t2 2 cos t dt
(1.4)
y 4 + 2y 2 1
dy
(1.5)
Z
t 2t dt
(1.6)
(x 2) (x 5) dx
(1.7)
x+4
dx
x5
(1.8)
2
x dx
(1.9)
u (3u 2) du
(1.10)
1. Integrales
1.2.
1.2.1.
dx
x2 + 4
(1.11)
2u + 3
du
u2 2
(1.12)
2ex
dx
1 e2x
(1.13)
5t 1
dt
3t2 9
(1.14)
5x 4
dx
+3
(1.15)
x
dx
+ 16
(1.16)
2 2
x
3
Z
x4
1.2.2.
Completando T. C. P.
Z
dx
4x + 9
(1.17)
x+2
dx
+ 2x + 5
(1.18)
x+3
dx
x2 + 8x
(1.19)
u5
du
8u u2 + 6
(1.20)
2x + 2
dx
+ 10x + 4
(1.21)
x2
Z
x2
Z
9x2
1. Integrales
1.2.3.
Varios
10
1.3.
1.3.1.
3x x dx
(1.23)
x sec2 x dx
(1.24)
(ex + 2x)2 dx
(1.25)
x2 ex dx
Z
x cos
(1.22)
3x
2
(1.26)
dx
(1.27)
ln x2 + 1 dx
(1.28)
Z
arcsen x dx
x ln x dx
(1.29)
(1.30)
1. Integrales
11
sec2 x sen x dx
(1.31)
x5 ex dx
(1.32)
ln x
dx
(x + 1)2
(1.33)
12
1.3.2.
Recursivas
Z
csc3 x dx
e 2 cos
x
(1.34)
dx
(1.35)
ex sen (2x) dx
(1.36)
Z
cos (ln x) dx
e 4 cos (t) dt
(1.37)
(1.38)
1. Integrales
1.4.
1.4.1.
13
Potencias Trigonom
etricas
Varios
Z
sen4 x cos x dx
cos5 x dx
(1.40)
tan3 ( x)
dx
x
(1.41)
tan3 x
dx
(1.42)
dx
(1.43)
sen2 (ex ) dx
(1.44)
sec3 x
dx
tan4 x
(1.45)
(1.46)
cos 2 x
Z
sen
(1.39)
x
3
14
1.4.2.
Angulos
Diferentes
Z
sen (4x) cos (2x) dx
(1.47)
(1.48)
(1.49)
1. Integrales
1.5.
1.5.1.
15
Fracciones Parciales
Caso I. Factores line
ales diferentes
Z
dx
(x + 1) (x 2)
dx
4
(1.51)
5x 1
dx
x2 1
(1.52)
x2
dx
x2 + x 6
(1.53)
4x 2
dx
x3 x2 2x
(1.54)
x2
(1.50)
16
1.5.2.
dt
(t + 2)2 (t + 1)
dx
+ 3x2
(1.56)
3x2 8x + 13
dx
(x + 3) (x 1)2
(1.57)
4x
dx
(x 1)2 (x + 1)
(1.58)
x3
(1.55)
1. Integrales
1.5.3.
17
dx
+x
(1.59)
x2 x 5
dx
(x 1) (x2 + 2x + 2)
(1.60)
2x2 x + 4
dx
x3 + 4x
(1.61)
6x2 3x + 1
dx
(4x + 1)2 (x2 + 1)
(1.62)
2x3
18
1.5.4.
1. Integrales
1.6.
19
Racionalizaci
on
Z
x
dx
3+ x
(1.63)
dx
dx
(x + 4) x + 1
(1.64)
dx
3
2 x+ x
dx
4
x x3
arctan x dx
(1.65)
(1.66)
(1.67)
20
1.6. Racionalizaci
on
Parte II
Soluci
on de Ejercicios
21
Captulo 1
Integrales
23
24
1.1.
Integrales Inmediatas
Z
x4 5 x2 dx
5x4 x6 dx
Z
x dx
x6 dx
x5 +
x7
+C
7
ln x +
(1.1)
7+
dx
7 + x2
x2
+C
sen x csc2 x dx
Z
sen x dx
(1.2)
(1.3)
csc2 x dx
cos x + cot x + C
t2 2 cos t dt
Z
t dt 2
cos t dt
t3
2 sen t + C
3
(1.4)
1. Integrales
25
y 4 + 2y 2 1
dy
Z
y4
dy + 2
y
Z
7
2
y4
2y 2
1
+
y
y
y
y2
dy
y
3
2
y dy
y dy + 2
7
(1.5)
dy
1
dy
y
y 2 dy
1
4y 2
2y 2
+
2y 2 + C
9
5
Z
t 2t dt
Z
(1.6)
2t 2 dt
Z 3
2 t 2 dt
5
2 2t 2
+C
5
Z
(x 2) (x 5) dx
Z
x2 7x + 10 dx
x3 7x2
10x + C
3
2
(1.7)
26
x+4
dx
x5
(1.8)
9
1+
x5
dx
dx
dx
x4
dx + 9
x + 9 ln x 5 + C
2
a x dx
a 2 a x + x dx
Z
a
(1.9)
dx 2 a
Z
x dx +
3
ax 2 a
x2
3
2
x dx
x2
+C
2
3
4 ax 2
x2
ax
+
+C
3
2
Z
u (3u 2) du
Z
3
2
3u du
5
2 u du
3
6u 2
4u 2
+C
5
3
(1.10)
1. Integrales
1.2.
1.2.1.
27
dx
x2 + 4
dx +
2
x +4
3
x2
+4
(1.11)
dx
u = x2 + 4
du = 2xdx
du
dx =
2x
1
du
+3
u
dx
x2 + 4
2
u + 3 ln x + x + 4 + C
2
2
x + 4 + 3 ln x + x + 4 + C
2u
du +
2
u 2
2u + 3
du
u2 2
Z
u2
3
du
2
w = u2 2
dw = 2udu
dw
du =
2u
Z
dw
+3
w
du
2
u2
u 2
2
3
+C
ln u 2 + ln
2 2 u + 2
(1.12)
28
2ex
dx
1 e2x
(1.13)
2ex
q
dx
2
x
1 (e )
u = ex
du = ex dx
dw
dx = x
e
Z
2
ex
1 u2
Z
2
2 arcsen
du
ex
du
1 u2
u
1
+C
2 arcsen (ex ) + C
5t 1
dt
3t2 9
5t
dt
dt
3t2 9
3t2 9
5t
dt
dt q
2
2
3t 9
3t 9
u = 3t2 9
du = 6tdt
du
dt =
6t
w = 3t
dw = 3dt
dw
dt =
3
(1.14)
1. Integrales
29
5
6
!
5
6
u2
1
2
du
1
u
3
dw
w2 9
1
ln w + w2 9 + C
3
5 2
1
3t 9 ln 3t + 3t2 9 + C
3
3
5x 4
dx
+3
2 2
x
3
Z
5
x
dx 4
2 2
x +3
3
x
u
du
4
x
3
dx
2
2
x
+3
3
2
w=
x
3
r
2
dw =
dx
3
dw
dx = q
2
3
15
4
q
2
u = x2 + 3
3
4
du = xdx
3
du
dx = 4
x
3
Z
4
w2
1 dw
q
+3
2
3
du
4
q
u
2
dw
+3
w2
15
4 3
1
w
arctan
ln |u|
+C
4
2
3
3
15 2 2
4
ln x + 3 arctan
2x + C
4
3
2
(1.15)
30
Z
x4
Z
x
dx
+ 16
x
dx
+ 16
(x2 )2
u = x2
du = 2x
du
dx =
2x
Z
x
2
u + 16
1
2
1
2
Z
u2
du
2x
du
+ 16
u
1
arctan
+C
4
4
1
arctan
8
x2
4
+C
(1.16)
1. Integrales
1.2.2.
31
Completando T. C. P.
Z
x2
Z
x2 4x +
dx
2
2 1
dx
4x + 9
2 1
2
(1.17)
+9
dx
4x + 4 4 + 9
x2
Z
x2
dx
4x + 4 + 5
dx
(x + 2)2 + 5
x=u2
u=x+2
du = dx
du
+5
u2
1
arctan
5
1
arctan
5
Z
x2
Z
x2
+C
+C
x+2
dx
+ 2x + 5
x+2
dx
2 2
2
2
2
x + 2x + 2 1 2 1 + 5
Z
x2
x+2
dx
+ 2x + 1 1 + 5
(1.18)
32
x+2
dx
(x + 1)2 + 4
x=u1
u=x+1
du = dx
(u 1) + 2
du
u2 + 4
u1+2
du
u2 + 4
u
du +
2
u +4
u+1
du
u2 + 4
Z
du
+4
u2
w = u2 + 4
dw = 2udu
dw
du =
2u
Z
u
w
1
2
dw
2u
Z
+
dw
+
w
du
+4
u2
Z
du
+4
u2
u
1
1
ln |w| + arctan
+C
2
2
2
u
1
1 2
ln u + 4 + arctan
+C
2
2
2
1
1
ln (x + 1)2 + 4 + arctan
2
2
1
1 2
ln x + 2x + 5 + arctan
2
2
x+1
2
x+1
2
+C
+C
1. Integrales
33
Z
r
x2 + 8x +
Z
x+3
2
8
2 1
x+3
dx
x2 + 8x
2 1
2 dx
x+3
dx
x2 + 8x + 16 16
Z
x+3
q
dx
(x + 4)2 16
x=u4
u=x+4
du = dx
(u 4) + 3
du
u2 16
du
2
u 16
u4+3
du
u2 16
u1
du
u2 16
du
2
u 16
du
u2 16
du
2
u 16
w = u2 16
dw = 2udu
dw
du =
2u
Z
1
2
dw
2u
dw
w
(1.19)
34
1
2
1
1
2
w2
1
2
u2
12
Z
dw
du
16
u2
ln u + u2 16 + C
2
w ln u + u 16 + C
2
16 ln u + u 16 + C
q
q
2
2
(x + 4) 16 ln x + 4 + (x + 4) 16 + C
x2 + 8x ln x + 4 + x2 + 8x + C
u5
du
8u u2 + 6
u5
Z
p
Z
(8u + u2 6)
du
u5
p
du
(u2 8u 6)
u5
s
du
2 2
u2 8u + 28 1 28 1 6
u5
Z
p
(u2 8u + 16 16 6)
Z
du
u5
q
du
2
(u 4) 22
(1.20)
1. Integrales
35
u5
q
du
22 (u 4)2
w =u4
dw = du
u=w+4
(w + 4) 5
du
22 w2
w+45
dw
22 w2
w1
dw
22 w2
dw
22 w2
dw
22 w2
dw
22 w2
dw
22 w2
dw
22 w2
z = 22 w2
dz = 2wdw
dz
dw =
2w
Z
dz
2w
2
Z
2
1
z
1
z2
1
2
dz
z
12
dz
arcsen
z arcsen
22
22
+C
+C
36
22
w2
arcsen
22
+C
q
u4
2
22 (u 4) arcsen
+C
22
8u
u2
+ 6 arcsen
Z
9x2
Z
9x2
+ 10x +
2x + 2
2
Z
9x2
10
2 9
u4
22
+C
2x + 2
dx
+ 10x + 4
10
2 9
2x + 2
+ 10x + 25
9
Z
2
25
9
dx
+4
+4
2x + 2
2
3x + 53
5
3
du = dx
u = 3x +
u 53
3
u2
Z
dx
u
3
x=
Z 2
11
9
dx
5
3
+2
11
9
du
2u
3
10
+2
9
du
11
2
u 9
2u
+ 89
3
u2 11
9
du
(1.21)
1. Integrales
37
2
3
u
2
u
11
9
8
du +
9
Z
u2
du
du
11
9
11
9
dw = 2udu
dw
du =
2u
w = u2
2
3
u
w
1
3
8
+
9
dw 8
+
w
9
dw
2u
du
du
u2 11
9
u2
du
du
11
9
q
u 11
1
8
1
9
q + C
ln |w| + q ln
3
9 2 11
u + 11
9
9
q
u 11
4
1 2 11
9
q + C
ln u + ln
3
9
3 11 u + 11
9
q
3x + 5 11
2
4
1
5
11
3
9
q + C
ln 3x +
+ ln
3
3
9 3 11 3x + 5 + 11
3
9
q
3x + 5 11
1 2
4
3
9
q + C
ln 9x + 10x + 4 + ln
3
3 11 3x + 5 + 11
3
9
38
1.2.3.
Varios
1. Integrales
1.3.
1.3.1.
39
(1.22)
dv = sec x tan x dx
v = sec x
Z
x sec x
sec x dx
dv = 3x dx
3x
v=
ln (3)
u=x
du = dx
x3x
ln (3)
1
x3x
ln (3) ln (3)
x3x
1
ln (3) ln (3)
x3x dx
3x
dx
ln (3)
Z
3x
ln (3)
3x dx
+C
x3x
3x
2
+C
ln (3) ln (3)
3x
(x ln (3) 1) + C
ln2 (3)
(1.23)
40
x sec2 x dx
(1.24)
dv = sec2 x dx
v = tan x
u=x
du = dx
Z
x tan x
tan x dx
2x
(ex + 2x)2 dx
(1.25)
e2x + 4xex + 4x2 dx
Z
e dx + 4
xe dx + 4
x2 dx
u = x2
du = 2xdx
x2 ex dx
dv = ex dx
v = ex
(1.26)
1. Integrales
41
2 x
x e
2x ex dx
2 x
x e
dv = ex dx
v = ex
u=x
du = dx
2 x
x e
Z
x
+ 2 xe
2 x
x e
xex dx
+2
2xe
dx
ex dx
+2
x2 ex 2xex 2ex + C
ex x2 + 2x + 2 + C
Z
x cos
3x
2
dx
3x
dv = cos
dx
2
2 sen 3x
2
v=
3
u=x
du = dx
2
x sen
3
3x
2
2
x sen
3
2
x sen
3
3x
2
3x
2
2 sen
3
3x
2
3x
2
Z
sen
4
cos
9
3x
2
dx
dx
+C
(1.27)
42
ln x2 + 1 dx
u = ln x2 + 1
2x
dx
du = 2
x +1
2
dv = dx
v=x
Z
x ln x + 1
(1.28)
2x
2
x +1
x dx
x2
dx
x2 + 1
x ln x + 1 2
x ln x + 1 2
1
2
x +1
dx
1
dx
x2 + 1
dx + 2
x ln x2 + 1 2x + 2 arctan x + C
Z
arcsen x dx
u = arcsen x
1
dx
du =
1 x2
dv = dx
v=x
Z
x arcsen x
x
dx
1 x2
w = 1 x2
dw = 2xdx
dw
dx =
2
(1.29)
1. Integrales
43
Z
x arcsen x
1
x arcsen x +
2
x arcsen x +
dw
w 2 dw
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
x arcsen x + w 2
x arcsen x + 1 x2
x arcsen x +
+C
1 x2 + C
u = ln x
1
du = dx
x
2 3
x 2 ln x
3
21
x dx
3
2x 2
v=
3
dv =
Z
1
x
2x 2
3
2 3
2
x 2 ln x
3
3
2 3
2
x 2 ln x
3
3
x ln x dx
dx
x 2 dx
3
x2
!
+C
3
2
3
2 3
4x 2
x 2 ln x
+C
3
9
(1.30)
44
sec2 x sen x dx
(1.31)
dv = sec2 x dx
v = tan x
u = sen x
du = cos x dx
Z
tan x sen x
tan x cos x dx
Z
tan x sen x
sen x dx
u = x4
dv = xex dx
2
ex
v=
2
du = 4x3 dx
2
x5 ex dx
x4 e x
Z
4x
x4 ex
2
2
u = x2
du = 2xdx
ex
2
3
!
dx
x3 ex dx
2
dv = xex dx
2
ex
v=
2
"
Z
2
2
x4 e x
x2 ex
2
(2x)
2
2
ex
2
#
dx
"
#
Z
2
2
x4 ex
x2 ex
2
2
xex dx
2
2
(1.32)
1. Integrales
45
x4 ex
2
x2 ex + 2
2
xex dx
w = x2
dw = 2xdx
dw
dx =
2x
2
x4 ex
2
x2 ex + 2
2
xe
x4 ex
2
x2 ex +
2
dw
2x
ew dw
x4 e x
2
x2 ex + ew + C
2
2
x4 ex
2
2
x2 ex + ex + C
2
Z
ln x
dx
(x + 1)2
1
dx
x
1
dx
(x + 1)2
1
v=
x+1
ln x
+
x+1
Z
1
1
dx
x
x+1
u = ln x
du =
dv =
ln x
+
x+1
1
dx
(x) (x + 1)
(1.33)
46
1
A
B
= +
(x) (x + 1)
x x+1
1 = A (x + 1) + B (x)
1 = Ax + A + Bx
1 = (A + B) x + A
A+B =0
A=1
B = 1
ln x
+
x+1
ln x
+
x+1
Z
1
1
x x+1
1
dx
x
dx
1
dx
x+1
ln x
+ ln |x| ln |x + 1| + C
x+1
1. Integrales
1.3.2.
47
Recursivas
Z
csc2 x csc x dx
(1.34)
dv = csc2 x dx
v = cot x
u = csc x
du = csc x cot x dx
Z
csc3 x dx
csc x cot2 x dx
csc x csc2 x 1 dx
Z
csc x dx +
csc x dx
csc3 x dx =
1
1
csc3 x dx = csc x cot x + ln |csc x cot x| + C
2
2
e 2 cos
x
2
dx
x
2
dx
dw =
2
dx = 2dw
w=
(1.35)
48
ew cos w dw
integramos a
u = ew
du = ew dw
Z
dv = cos w dw
v = sen w
Z
e cos w dw = e sen w
u = ew
du = ew dw
Z
e ( cos w) dw
Z
ew sen w dw
dv = sen w dw
v = cos w
Z
ew cos w dw
ew cos w dw
ew cos w dw =
ew sen w + ew cos w
2
x
2
e cos
Z
e 2 cos
Z
e 2 cos
x
2
x
x
2
dx = 2
dx = e 2 sen
ew sen w + ew cos w
2
x
2
+ e 2 cos
x
2
+C
x
x
x
dx = e 2 sen
+ cos
+C
2
2
2
1. Integrales
49
u = ex
dv = sen (2x) dx
cos (2x)
v=
2
du = ex dx
Z
ex cos (2x)
e sen (2x) dx =
2
x
ex sen (2x) dx
Z
e
ex cos (2x) 1
e sen (2x) dx =
+
2
2
x
u = ex
du = ex dx
cos (2x)
ex cos (2x)
dv = cos (2x) dx
sen (2x)
v=
2
Z
ex cos (2x) 1 ex sen (2x)
sen (2x)
x
+
e
=
2
2
2
2
ex cos (2x) ex sen (2x) 1
+
=
2
4
4
ex sen (2x)
Z
ex cos (2x) ex sen (2x)
1
ex sen (2x) dx =
+
1+
4
2
4
5
4
ex sen (2x) dx =
e sen (2x) dx =
Z
ex sen (2x) dx =
Z
ex sen (2x) dx =
cos(2x)
2
+
5
4
ex sen(2x)
4
+C
(1.36)
50
Z
cos (ln x) dx
u = cos (ln x)
sen (ln x)
du =
dx
x
Z
(1.37)
dv = dx
v=x
Z
sen (ln x)
x dx
cos (ln x) dx = x cos (ln x)
x
Z
Z
cos (ln x) dx = x cos (ln x) +
sen (ln x) dx
u = sen (ln x)
cos (ln x)
du =
dx
x
dv = dx
Z
= x cos (ln x) x sen (ln x)
v=x
cos (ln x)
x
x dx
Z
= x cos (ln x) x sen (ln x)
cos (ln x) dx
Z
2
cos (ln x) dx =
cos (ln x) dx =
x
(cos (ln x) sen (ln x)) + C
2
e 4 cos (t) dt
t
u = e4
du =
t
4
e
dt
4
dv = cos (t) dt
v=
sen (t)
(1.38)
1. Integrales
51
e 4 sen (t)
e cos (t) dt =
t
4
e4
4
!
1
e 4 sen (t)
e cos (t) dt =
4
t
4
dt
dv = sen (t) dt
t
4
e
dt
4
" t
Z
t
e 4 sen (t)
1
e 4 cos (t)
=
e 4 sen (t) dt
u = e4
du =
sen (t)
v=
t
e4
4
cos (t)
!
cos (t)
#
dt
" t
#
Z
t
t
1
e 4 cos (t)
1
e 4 sen (t)
+
e 4 cos (t) dt
=
4
t
1
e 4 sen (t) e 4 cos (t)
+
=
2
4
16 2
16 2 + 1
16 2
4 2
16 2 + 1
16 2
4 2
t
4
t
4
t
4
e cos (t) dt =
t
e 4 cos (t) dt =
e 4 cos (t) dt
16e 4
e cos (t) dt =
16 2 + 1
t
4
e4
4
e 4 sen (t)
(t)
+ e cos
4 2
16 2 +1
16 2
cos (t)
4
cos (t)
sen (t) +
4
sen (t) +
+C
16 2 +1
16 2
+C
+C
52
1.4.
1.4.1.
Potencias Trigonom
etricas
Varios
Z
sen4 x cos x dx
(1.39)
u = sen x
du = cos x dx
du
dx =
cos x
Z
u cos x
du
cos x
u4 du
u5
+C
5
sen5 x
+C
5
Z
cos5 x dx
cos x cos4 x dx
cos x cos2 x
2
dx
cos x 1 sen2 x
2
dx
cos x 1 2 sen2 x + sen4 x dx
(1.40)
1. Integrales
53
Z
cos x dx 2
cos x 1 2 sen2 x + sen4 x dx
Z
sen4 x cos x dx
sen x cos x dx +
u = sen x
du = cos x dx
du
dx =
cos x
Z
Z
cos x dx 2
u cos x
du
cos x
Z
+
u cos x
Z
cos x dx 2
u du +
sen x 2
sen x
du
cos x
u3
3
+
u4 du
u5
+C
5
2 sen3 x sen5 x
+
+C
3
5
tan3 ( x)
dx
x
u= x
1
du = dx
2 x
dx = 2 x du
tan3 u
2 x du
x
Z
tan3 u du
(1.41)
54
tan u tan2 u du
tan u sec2 u 1 du
tan u sec u du
tan u du
w = tan u
dw = sec2 u du
dw
du =
sec2 u
Z
w sec u
dw
sec2 u
tan u du
Z
w dw
tan u du
w2
ln |sec u| + C
2
tan2 u
ln |sec u| + C
2
tan2 ( x)
ln sec x + C
2
tan3 x
5
cos 2 x
Z
dx
tan3 x sec 2 x dx
(1.42)
1. Integrales
55
5
tan x sec2 x 1 sec 2 x dx
Z
9
2
tan x sec x dx
Z
7
2
tan x sec 2 x dx
u = sec x
du = sec x tan x dx
du
dx =
sec x tan x
Z
tan x sec x u
7
2
du
sec x tan x
tan x sec x u
Z
3
2
du
sec x tan x
Z
7
2
u du
9
u2
9
2
u 2 du
5
u2
5
2
+C
2u 2
2u 2
+C
9
5
9
2 sec 2 x 2 sec 2 x
+C
9
5
Z
sen2
x
3
dx
x
3
dx
du =
3
dx = 3du
u=
(1.43)
56
sen2 u du
1 cos (2u)
du
2
Z
3
3
2
3
2
Z
(1 cos (2u)) du
3
du
2
Z
cos (2u) du
w = 2u
dw = 2du
dw
du =
2
3
2
3
du
2
3
2
Z
cos w
3
du
4
dw
2
Z
cos w dw
3u 3 sen w
+C
2
4
3u 3 sen (2u)
+C
2
4
3
x
3
3 sen 2
4
x 3 sen
2
4
x
3
2x
3
+C
+C
sen2 (ex ) dx
(1.44)
1. Integrales
57
u = ex
du = ex dx
du
dx = x
e
Z
(e ) cos u sen2 u
Z
Z
1 cos (2u)
2
cos2 u
1
4
1
4
1
4
1
4
du
1 cos2 (2u) du
1
du
4
1
du
8
1 cos2 (2u)
du
4
1
du
4
1
du
8
du
ex
sen2 u du
1 + cos (2u)
2
1
4
cos2 (2u) du
1 + cos (4u)
du
2
Z
(1 + cos (4u)) du
1
du
8
Z
cos (4u) du
w = 4u
dw = 4du
dw
du =
4
1
4
1
du
8
1
du
8
Z
cos w
dw
4
(1.45)
58
1
4
1
du
8
1
du
32
Z
cos w dw
u u sen w
+C
4 8
32
u sen (4u)
+C
8
32
ex sen (4ex )
+C
8
32
sec3 x
dx
tan4 x
1
cos3 x
sen4 x
cos4 x
dx
cos4 x
dx
sen4 x cos3 x
Z
cos x
dx
sen4 x
u = sen x
du = cos x dx
du
dx =
cos x
Z
cos x
u4
du
cos x
Z
du
u4
u4 du
u3
+C
3
(1.46)
1. Integrales
59
1
+C
3 sen3 x
Z
Z
1
+C
3u3
csc3 x
+C
3
sen2 x 2 sen x cos x + cos2 x dx
1 + cos (2x)
1 cos (2x)
2 sen x cos x +
2
2
1 cos (2x)
1 cos (2x)
2 sen x cos x + +
2
2
2
2
dx
dx
Z
(1 2 sen x cos x) dx
Z
Z
dx 2
sen x cos x dx
u = sen x
du = cos x dx
du
dx =
cos x
Z
dx 2
u cos x
Z
du
cos x
Z
dx 2
x2
u2
2
u du
+C
60
x u2 + C
x sen2 x + C
1. Integrales
1.4.2.
61
Angulos
Diferentes
Z
sen (4x) cos (2x) dx
Z
(1.47)
1
(sen (4x + 2x) + sen (4x 2x)) dx
2
Z
1
2
1
2
1
sen (6x) dx +
2
Z
sen (2x) dx
u = 6x
du = 6dx
du
dx =
6
1
2
Z
sen u
1
12
du
6
1
+
2
w = 2x
dw = 2dx
dw
dx =
2
Z
sen w
1
sen u du +
4
dw
2
Z
sen w dw
1
1
( cos u) + ( cos w) + C
12
4
1
1
cos (6x) cos (2x) + C
12
4
Z
cos (5x) cos (3x) dx
1
(cos (5x + 3x) + cos (5x 3x)) dx
2
1
2
Z
(cos (8x) + cos (2x)) dx
(1.48)
62
1
2
1
cos (8x) dx +
2
Z
cos (2x) dx
u = 8x
du = 8dx
du
dx =
8
1
2
Z
cos u
1
16
du
8
w = 2x
dw = 2dx
dw
dx =
2
1
+
2
Z
cos w
1
cos u du +
4
dw
2
Z
cos w dw
1
1
(sen u) + (sen w) + C
16
4
1
1
sen (8x) + sen (2x) + C
16
4
Z
sen (4y) sen (y) dy
Z
1
(cos (4y y) cos (4y + y)) dy
2
1
2
1
2
Z
(cos (3y) + cos (5y)) dy
1
cos (3y) dy
2
u = 3y
du = 3dy
du
dy =
3
Z
cos (5y) dy
w = 5y
dw = 5dy
dw
dy =
5
(1.49)
1. Integrales
63
1
2
Z
cos u
1
6
du
3
Z
cos w
1
cos u du
10
dw
5
Z
cos w dw
1
1
(sen u)
(sen w) + C
6
10
1
1
sen (3y)
sen (5y) + C
6
10
64
1.5.
1.5.1.
Fracciones Parciales
Caso I. Factores line
ales diferentes
Z
dx
(x + 1) (x 2)
1
A
B
=
+
(x + 1) (x 2)
x+1 x2
1 = A (x 2) + B (x + 1)
1 = Ax 2A + Bx + B
1 = (A + B) x + (2A + B)
A+B =0
2A + B = 1
1
3
Z
x+1
1
3
B=
1
3
1
3
x2
dx
1
+
x+1 3
u=x+1
du = dx
A=
dx
dx
x2
w =x2
dw = dx
du 1
+
u
3
dw
w
(1.50)
1. Integrales
65
1
1
ln |u| + ln |w| + C
3
3
1
1
ln |x + 1| + ln |x 2| + C
3
3
Z
dx
4
x2
Z
dx
(x 2) (x + 2)
1
A
B
=
+
(x 2) (x + 2)
x2 x+2
1 = A (x + 2) + B (x 2)
1 = Ax + 2A + Bx 2B
1 = (A + B) x + (2A 2B)
A+B =0
2A 2B = 1
Z
1
4
x2
1
4
1
4
B=
1
4
1
4
x+2
dx
1
x2 4
u=x2
du = dx
A=
dx
dx
x+2
w =x+2
dw = dx
(1.51)
66
1
4
du 1
u
4
dw
w
1
1
ln |u| ln |w| + C
4
4
1
1
ln |x 2| ln |x + 2| + C
4
4
Z
5x 1
dx
x2 1
5x 1
dx
(x 1) (x + 1)
5x 1
A
B
=
+
(x 1) (x + 1)
x1 x+1
5x 1 = A (x + 1) + B (x 1)
5x 1 = Ax + A + Bx B
5x 1 = (A + B) x + (A B)
A+B =5
A B = 1
A=2
B=3
Z
Z
2
3
2
+
x1 x+1
dx
+3
x1
dx
dx
x+1
(1.52)
1. Integrales
67
u=x1
du = dx
Z
2
w =x+1
dw = dx
du
+3
u
dw
w
2 ln |u| + 3 ln |w| + C
2 ln |x 1| + 3 ln |x + 1| + C
x2
dx
x2 + x 6
x + 6
2
x +x6
Z
dx +
Z
dx +
dx
x + 6
dx
+x6
x2
x + 6
dx
(x + 3) (x 2)
x + 6
A
B
=
+
(x + 3) (x 2)
x+3 x2
x + 6 = A (x 2) + B (x + 3)
x + 6 = Ax 2A + Bx + 3B
x + 6 = (A + B) x + (2A + 3B)
A + B = 1
2A + 3B = 6
(1.53)
68
Z
Z
dx +
Z
9
dx
5
dx
4
+
x+3 5
9
x
5
9
5
B=
4
5
4
95
5
+
x+3 x2
dx
dx
x2
w =x2
dw = dx
u=x+3
du = dx
A=
du 4
+
u
5
dw
w
9
4
ln |u| + ln |w| + C
5
5
4
9
ln |x + 3| + ln |x 2| + C
5
5
Z
x3
Z
4x 2
dx
x2 2x
4x 2
dx
x (x2 x 2)
4x 2
dx
x (x 2) (x + 1)
4x 2
A
B
C
= +
+
x (x 2) (x + 1))
x x2 x+1
4x 2 = A (x 2) (x + 1) + B (x) (x + 1) + C (x) (x 2)
4x 2 = A x2 x 2 + B x2 + x + C x2 2x
1. Integrales
69
1
1
2
+
x x2 x+1
dx
+
x
dx
2
x2
u=x2
du = dx
Z
dx
+
x
dx
dx
x+1
w =x+1
dw = dx
du
2
u
dw
w
70
1.5.2.
1
2
(t + 2) (t + 1)
dt
(t + 2)2 (t + 1)
C
B
A
+
2 +
t+2 t+1
(t + 2)
1 = A (t + 1) + B (t + 2) (t + 1) + C (t + 2)2
1 = A (t + 1) + B t2 + 3t + 2 + C t2 + 4t + 4
1 = At + A + Bt2 + 3Bt + 2B + Ct2 + 4Ct + 4C
1 = (B + C) t2 + (A + 3B + 4C) t + (A + 2B + 4C)
B+C =0
A + 3B + 4C = 0
A + 2B + 4C = 1
A = 1
B = 1
C=1
Z
1
1
1
+
2 +
t+2 t+1
(t + 2)
dt
(t + 2)2
dt
+
t+2
u=t+2
du = dt
Z
du
u2
dt
dt
t+1
w =t+2
dw = dt
Z
du
+
u
dw
w
(1.54)
1. Integrales
71
Z
Z
du
du
+
u
dw
w
u1
ln |u| + ln |w| + C
1
1
ln |t + 2| + ln |t + 1| + C
t+2
Z
x3
Z
x2
x2
dx
+ 3x2
dx
(x + 3)
A
B
C
1
= 2+ +
(x + 3)
x
x
x+3
1 = A (x + 3) + B (x) (x + 3) + C (x)2
1 = A (x + 3) + B x2 + 3x + C (x)2
1 = Ax + 3A + Bx2 + 3Bx + Cx2
1 = (B + C) x2 + (A + 3B) x + (3A)
B+C =0
A + 3B = 0
3A = 1
A=
1
3
B=
1
9
C=
1
9
(1.55)
72
Z
1
3
1
3
x2
dx 1
x2
9
1
9
1
9
x+3
dx 1
+
x
9
dx
dx
x+3
u=x+3
du = dx
1
3
Z
x
1
dx
9
dx 1
+
x
9
du
u
1 x1 1
1
ln |x| + ln |u| + C
3 1
9
9
1
1
1
ln |x| + ln |x + 3| + C
3x 9
9
(1.56)
1. Integrales
1.5.3.
73
74
1.5.4.
1. Integrales
1.6.
75
Racionalizaci
on
Z
x
dx
3+ x
z2 = x
2zdz = dx
z=
(1.57)
z 2 (2z)
dz
1 + z2
Z
2
z3
dz
1+z
z dz 2
Z
dz 2
z dz + 2
1
1+z
dz
1
dz
1+z
2z 3
z 2 + 2z 2 ln |1 + z| + C
3
3
2
2 ( x)
x + 2 x 2 ln 1 +
x +C
3
3
2 ( x)
x + 2 x 2 ln 1 + x + C
3
Z
z2 = x + 2 z =
2zdz = dx
dx
dx
(x + 4) x + 1
x + 2 x = z2 2
(1.58)
76
1.6. Racionalizaci
on
2z
((z 2
2) + 4)
Z
dz
z2
z
dz
(z 2 + 2) z
dz
+2
2
2
1
arctan
2
2
arctan
2
z2
+C
x+2
+C
dx
3
2 x+ x
1
z6 = x
6z 5 dz = dx
Z
z = x6
6z 5
2 z6 +
dz
z6
z5
Z
6
1
3
dz
2 (z 6 ) + (z 6 ) 2
z5
dz
2z 2 + z 3
Z
6
Z
6
z5
dz
z 2 (2 + z)
Z
6
z3
dz
2+z
(1.59)
1. Integrales
77
Z
6
Z
6
z 2 2z + 4
8
z+2
Z
6
z 2 2z + 4
8
z+2
z dz 12
Z
dz 48
z dz + 24
dz
dz
dz
z+2
z2
z3
12 + 24z 48 ln |z + 2| + C
3
2
1
1 3
1 2
1
2 x 6 6 x 6 + 24 x 6 48 ln x 6 + 2 + C
1
6
2x 6x + 24x 48 ln x + 2 + C
1
2
1
3
1
6
dx
4
x x3
1
z3 = x
3z 2 dz = dx
z = x3
3z 2
dz
(z 3 ) (z 3 ) 3
Z
3
Z
3
z2
dz
z3 z4
z2
dz
z 3 (1 z)
Z
3
dz
z (1 z)
(1.60)
78
1.6. Racionalizaci
on
1
1
+
z 1z
1
dz + 3
z
dz
1
dz
1z
3 ln |z| 3 ln |1 z| + C
1
1
3
3
3 ln x 3 ln 1 x + C
z2 = x
2zdz = dx
Z
2
arctan x dx
z=
arctan z 2 dz
(1.61)
1. Integrales
79
Z
2
arctan z dz
Z
integramos a
Z
z2
2
dv = dz
v=z
z 2 arctan z 1
2
2
1
1 + z2
dz
z2
dz
1 + z2
2
2
Z
z 2 arctan z 1
2
2
1
1 2
z +1
1
dz +
2
dz
dz
+1
z2
z 2 arctan z z 1
+ arctan z
2
2 2
multiplicamos por el 2 que estaba fuera de la integral
2
z 2 arctan z z 1
+ arctan z
2
2 2
80
1.6. Racionalizaci
on
z 2 arctan z z + arctan z
2
x arctan x
x + arctan x + C
x arctan
x x + arctan x + C
Parte III
Ap
endices y Bibliografa
81
Ap
endice A
F
ormularios
83
84
A.1.
Formulario de Integrales
u, v y w son funciones.
Z
a es constante.
Z
(du + dv dw) =
Z
du +
Z
dv
Z
dx = x + C
Z
Z
a du = a
un du =
du
un+1
+C
n+1
1
du = ln |u| + C
u
eu du = eu + C
au du =
au
+C
ln a
Z
sen u du = cos u + C
Z
cos u du = sen u + C
Z
sec2 u du = tan u + C
csc2 u du = cot u + C
Z
tan u sec u du = sec u + C
dw
A. F
ormularios
85
Z
cot u csc u du = cot u + C
Z
tan u du = ln |sec u| + C
Z
cot u du = ln |sen u| + C
Z
sec u du = ln |sec u + tan u| + C
Z
csc u du = ln |csc u cot u| + C
Z
u
1
1
du
=
arctan
+C
a2 + u2
a
a
u
1
du = arcsen
+C
a
a2 u2
u
1
1
arcsec
+C
du =
a
a
u u2 a2
u a
1
1
+C
du =
ln
u2 a2
2a u + a
a + u
1
1
+C
du =
ln
a2 u2
2a a u
1
2
2
du = ln u + u a + C
2
2
u a
Z
u
u 2
a2
2
2
2
a u du =
a u + arcsen
+C
2
2
a
Z
u2 a2 du =
u 2
a2
u a2 ln u + u2 a2 + C
2
2
86
A.2.
Formulario de Derivadas
u, v y w son funciones de x.
a es constante.
da
= 0
dx
dx
= 1
dx
d
du dv dw
(u + v w) =
+
dx
dx dx
dx
d
du
(a u) = c
dx
dx
du
dv
d
(u v) = v
+u
dx
dx
dx
dv
v du
u dx
d u
dx
=
dx v
v2
d n
du
(u ) = nu(n1)
dx
dx
d
1 du
u =
dx
2 u dx
d
1 du
(ln u) =
dx
u dx
d
1 du
(loga u) =
dx
u ln a dx
d u
du
(e ) = eu
dx
dx
d u
du
(a ) = au ln a
dx
dx
A. F
ormularios
87
du v
dv
d v
(u ) = v u(v1) +
u ln u
dx
dx
dx
d
du
(sen u) = cos u
dx
dx
d
du
(cos u) = sen u
dx
dx
d
du
(tan u) = sec2 u
dx
dx
du
d
(cot u) = csc2 u
dx
dx
d
du
(sec u) = tan u sec u
dx
dx
d
du
(csc u) = cot u csc u
dx
dx
d
1
du
(arcsen u) =
dx
1 u2 dx
1
d
du
(arccos u) =
2
dx
1 u dx
d
1 du
(arctan u) =
dx
1 + u2 dx
1 du
d
(arccot u) =
dx
1 + u2 dx
d
1
du
(arcsec u) =
dx
u u2 1 dx
d
1
du
(arccsc u) =
dx
u u2 1 dx
88
A.3.
Formulario de Trigonometra
csc =
1
sen
sec =
1
cos
cot =
1
tan
sen2 + cos2 = 1
tan2 + 1 = sec2
cot2 + 1 = csc2
sen2 =
1 cos (2)
2
cos2 =
1 + cos (2)
2
sen cos =
1
[sen ( + ) + sen ( )]
2
cos cos =
1
[cos ( + ) + cos ( )]
2
sen sen =
1
[cos ( ) sen ( + )]
2
Ap
endice B
Tips para Integrales
89
90
B.1.
Cuando tenemos una inegral en forma de fraccion algebraica con denominador de segundo grado (sin termino lineal), el cual puede estar dentro o no
de una raz cuadrada, y con numerador de primer grador (con termino lineal).
Z
3x 14
dx
x2 + 36
x+4
dx
x2 + 5
x
dx +
2
x +5
Z
x+4
dx
x2 + 5
Z
x2
x
dx + 4
2
x +5
4
dx
+5
dx
+5
x2
x
u
1
2
du
2x
Z
+4
du
+4
u
dx
+5
x2
Z
dx
+5
x2
91
dx
x2 + 36
Z
3x
dx +
x2 + 36
dx 14
2
x + 36
14
dx
x2 + 36
dx
+ 36
x2
3
2
du
2x
Z
14
du
14
u
dx
x2 + 36
dx
+ 36
x2
92
B.2.
Completar T. C. P. en el denominador
Cuando tenemos una inegral en forma de fraccion algebraica con denominador de segundo grado (con ternino lineal y con o sin termino independiente), el cual puede estar dentro o no de una raz cuadrada, y con numerador
de menor grado.
Z
x+3
dx
2
x + 2x + 10
3x + 1
dx
x2 + 4x + 6
2 a
a coeficiente del termino cuadratico
b coeficiente del termino lineal
x+3
dx
+ 2x + 10
x+3
dx
2 2
2
2
2
x + 2x + 2 1 2 1 + 10
Z
x2
x+3
dx
+ 2x + 1 1 + 10
x+3
dx
(x + 1)2 + 9
93
)2
x=u1
u=x+1
du = dx
sustituyendo u, dx y x
Z
u+2
du
u2 + 9
dx
x2 + 4x + 6
Z
r
x2
+ 4x +
Z
3x + 1
2
4
2 1
2 1
2
dx
+6
3x + 1
dx
x2 + 4x + 4 4 + 6
Z
3x + 1
q
dx
(x + 2)2 + 2
u=x+2
du = dx
Z
x=u2
3 (u 2) + 1
du
u2 + 2
Z
3u 5
du
u2 + 2
94
Bibliografa
[1] Granville
[2] Leithold
95