Physics Formula Sheet

Kinematics
d
v v2
v av
1
t
2
1
d v1 t a t 2
2
2
2
v2 v1 2 a d
Dynamics
Fg m g
F kx
G M
g
R 2

v2 v1
t
(v v2 ) t
d 1
2

Fg
a

v esc

G m 1m
d 2
v

1 2
kx
e la s tic
2
W
Fd
P

F v av
t
t
E th F f d
E

r
2G M
r

d v2 t

1
at2
2

F net m a
2

ta n
a

4
T

1
m v
2

e ffic ie n c y

G M m
r

o u tp u t

in p u t

100%

m
k

T 2

J Ft m v p
p p'
V

p m v

E
W

q
q

kq
r
q
I
t
k q 1q 2

0 N I
L

F q v B s in
q Ne
F IlB s in
F2
o I1I2
V

r (parallel plates only)

l
2d
2Waves
1
N

T
f
v
f
f
t
T
s in 1
v

n
c
1 1 2
n
s in 2
v2
2
n1
v

qV

e le c tr ic

1
2

m v

2
2

1
2

m v 12

i r
s i n n ( n 21 ) ( d )

v2
gr

4 2rf

m gh

Electricity and Magnetism

F
kq
k q 1q 2

2
Fe
2
q0
r
d
Ee
I
V
d
B 0
q0
2r

v1 at

m v
Fc m ac
r
3
r
G M
2
T
4 2

F1
m d
G m E
1 2
v2
F2
m 2 d1
r
1Momentum, Energy & Power
W F d cos

av

L
d

( n 21 ) ( d )

PS1 PS

( n 21 )

Physical Constants
Quantity
speed of light in a vacuum
gravitational constant
Coulombs constant
charge on electron
charge on proton
electron mass
proton mass
neutron mass
atomic mass unit
Plancks constant

Symbol
c
G
k
-e
e
me
mp
mn
u
h

Approximate value
3.00 108 m/s
6.67 10-11 N.m2/kg2
9.00 109 N.m2/C2
-1.60 10-19 C
1.60 10-19 C
9.11 10-31 kg
1.673 10-27 kg
1.675 10-27 kg
1.660 10-27 kg
6.63 10-34 J.s

Coefficients of Kinetic Friction and Static Friction

Materials in contact
oak on oak, dry
waxed hickory on wet snow
waxed hickory on dry snow
Copper on copper
steel on steel, dry
steel on steel, greasy
steel on ice
rubber on asphalt, dry
rubber on asphalt, wet
rubber on concrete, dry
rubber on concrete, wet
rubber on ice
leather on oak, dry

K
0.30
0.18
0.04
1.0
0.41
0.12
0.010
1.07
0.95
1.02
0.97
0.005
0.50

S
0.40
0.22
0.06
1.6
0.60
0.18

Solar, Terrestrial and Lunar Data

Quantity

1.2
1.0
1.0
0.99
0.006
0.70

Important Mathematical Relationships for Physics

Indexes of Refraction
Medium

Symbol
mS
rS
mE
rE
rEO

mass of Sun
radius of Sun
mass of Earth
radius of Earth at equator (mean)
radius of Earths orbit (mean)
acceleration due to gravity
on Earth at equator
(sea level)
on Earth at poles (sea
level)
on the Moon
Earth-Moon distance (mean)
mass of Moon
radius of the Moon (mean)
Period of orbit
radius of the Moons orbit (mean)
Earth-Sun distance (mean)
standard atmospheric pressure
length of Earth year

Index of
refraction (n)
1.000000

vacuum
gases (at 0C, 101.3 kPa)
air
1.000293
carbon dioxide
1.000450
hydrogen
1.000139
liquid (at 20C)
water
1.33
ethyl alcohol
1.36
glycerin
1.47
benzene
1.50
solid (at 20C)
ice (0C)
1.31
glass (crown)
1.52
glass (flint)
1.65
sodium chloride
1.53
zircon
1.92
diamond
2.42
Note: Indexes are for yellow light (589 nm).

Approximate value
1.99 1030 kg
6.96 108 m
5.98 1024 kg
6.38 106 m
1.50 1011 m

9.7804 m/s2

9.8322 m/s2

1.62 m/s2
3.84 108 m
7.35 1022 kg
1.74 106 m
2.36 106 s
3.84 108 m
1.50 1011 m
1 atm or 1.013 105 Pa
3.16 107 s

mM
rM
TMO
rMO
patm
Ty

sin

a
c

cos

b
c

tan

a
b

SINE LAW
a
b
sin A
sin B

c
a

c 2 a 2 b 2 2ab cos C

QUADRATIC FORMULA
b

c
sin C

COSINE LAW

b 4 ac
2a

QUADRATIC EQUATION

ax 2 bx c 0