Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BackTo Basics
(Yr 3/P 4)
Copyright Notice
ISBN 918-1-84654-245-9
PR- 6313UK
6 Exf/S I)
Date of Purchase:
Supplier:
Signature of Purchaser:
Internet websites
In some cases, websites or specific URLs may be recommended. While these are checked and rechecked at Che time of publication,
tha publisher has no control over any subsequent changes which may be made to webpagas. It is slronglyrecommended that the class
teacher chacks allURLs before allowing pupils to access them.
Website: www.prim-ed.com
Foreword
English - Back To Basics is a comprehensive resource designed to teach and revise basic literacy concepts. Essential skills
are covered in spelling and word study. punctuation and grammar; with phonics included in Books Yr.l/P 2, Yr 21P 3 and
Yr 3- P 4. Ea c h of the pages foeuses on one c on capt, which is developed throug h relevant, graded activities.
Although intended liS a homework series, these books are also ideal for:
consolidation
assessment
revision.
Yr6/P 7
Yr6 Ext/S 1
Contents
Base words
Teacher note.
.
Overvlew
...... . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
Prefixes - un, re
. . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26--27
28-29
. . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IV
. . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Words in words
. . . . . . . . ........
Alphabetical order
Silent consonants
Syllables
. . . . . . . . . . . ......
. . . . . . . . . . . . ......
. . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . ......
. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . ...........
. . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .....
..
Antonyms
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
Homophones
Compound words
...............................................................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contractions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
Prefixes............................................................................... xv
Sorting words
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . .....
. . . . . . . . . . . ...........
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...........
..
30-31
32--33
34--35
36--37
38--39
40-41
42-43
44-45
46-47
48-49
50--51
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Punctuation
Capital letters
Full stops
Phonic.
oar, ore
air, a
thr, shr
spr, scr
squ, str
ch,tch
. . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . ......
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .....
. . . . . . . . . . . ......
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ure, ine
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . .....
tion ,ous
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2--3
Commas
4-5
Editing
Plurals
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adding 'ing'
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
. . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .....
. . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . .....
. . . . . . . . . . . ...........
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6--7
52-53
54-55
56--57
58-59
60--61
Grammar
8--9
10--11
Nouns
12-13
Verbs
14-15
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
Verb tenses
16--17
Pronouns
18--19
...... . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adjectives
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......
Question marks
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .
war, au
. . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sentences
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22-23
Complex sentences
24-25
Overused words
iii
. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .....
. . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Eng/ish
62--63
64--65
66--67
68--69
70--71
72-73
74-75
76--77
78-79
80--8 1
Back To Basics
Overview
Teacher notes
Fortnat
This series of books contains pupil lind teacher
pages focusing on skills in the following areas:
punctuation
grammar
,. ----
----"-
,-----
.----
.....---
..---.---
FlUltures
._-----
.-..-
.--
. .-
.-
-
.-
. __.....
.. -
.-
T@
-.
_.
I
!
.. .....
teaching
..
,,, ,.,....
,,",
--
.-
.-
. , . "'-
--- -
.-
new concept
.....
...,
. ,..... ,
.-..- ...--...--.
.
- ---
"
--
---.-
---- -.
--
.-..---
--
---
--
II
Both lists are used frequently throughout each book in the areas of spelling and word sludy, punctuation and grammar.
II
an extensive glossary 01 terms used in spelling and word study, punctuation and grammar
spelling rules
word origins- Latin and Greek root words with their meanings and examples
www.pm-ed.com
Prim-Ed Publishing"
Curriculum links
Teacher notes
Northern Ire'and
language and literacy
Key Stage On.
Rlc_plivlnl.. to Laftguog.
comi ftue to build a 'ight vocabulary
engage in activnie, de,igned to ine,ea,e aw.,eness of .ound.
learn about the sounds associated with the part
of a
wo,d 0' syllable that allows it to ,hyme with anothe, wo,d 0' syllable
learn about the sounds associated with the beginning of a wo,d 0' syllable
learn to connect the beginning. of wo,d. and .yll ables
learn about common wo,d endings
Compete"". and Confidence in Usi ng Languag_
understand that the conventions of punctuation help to make meaning cleafe' in writing
opell wo,ds in a ,ecogni.able way baoed on an awareness of the most common spelling .t,ings and patterns
Dlop ing Cognitive Abilitie. through Languog.
perfo rm alphabetical
Scotl and
Lite,acy and English
First
grder !aiks
Reading
use knowiedga of .ight vocabulary, phonic., punctuation and grammar to read with underotanding and expression
Writing
opel l th e most commonl'f'-u.ed wo,d., using knowledge of lener panem.
write i ndependentl'f', u.a appropriate punctuation and order and link sentence. in a way that makes ,ense
Wa l es
Engli.h
Key Stage Two
Reading - Skills
develop phon ic, graphic and grammatical knowledge and word recognition
develop underotanding of the .tructure, vocabulary. g,ammar and punctuation o f Eng.h, and of how tIIe,e clarify meaning
Writing - Skill.
use a range of .emence mucture" linking them co herentl'f'
use punctuation to clarify meaning
choo,e and usa appropriate vocabulary
use the .tandard form. of English: nouns, pronouns, adjectives , connective nd ve,b tens",
Teacher notes
$pelllng lI.t
about
could
funny
large
once
their
afraid
doctor
glass
light
other
tomorrow
agam
easy
great
little
P'"'
while
around
ever
happy
mate
please
would
because
fear
high
might
quick
yesterday
before
fight
inside
nearly
ready
climb
friend
knew
nothing
something
Vocabulary lI.t
animal
brother
house
March
once
seen
their
water
another
circle
January
M,y
over
September
then
w.y
April
clean
July
more
OW"
should
there
were
August
could
Jump
mornlllg
people
sister
these
where
beautiful
December
June
myself
please
some
thing
who
because
February
laugh
next
pull
square
took
work
birthday
friend
little
night
push
teacher
triangle
would
both
half
lunch
November
rectangle
than
under
year
bring
home
many
October
school
thank
watched
Spelling rules
Write i before e, except after c.
Back To Basics
English
,j
www.pm-ed.com
Pm-Ed Publishing"
Spelling list
W.nJ
Plure'
word building
Prefi
Suffl
about
""
afraid
again
Teacher notes
Syllebl
Synonym
Antonym
a-bout
almost
a-fraid
frightened
unafraid
exact
a-gain
around
round
a-round
about
because
cause
be-cause
since
be-fore
earlier
after
climb
ascend
descend
simple
hard
before
climb
ed,iog. er
could
could
doctor
easy
doctors
""
ease
ed, ing
dot-lor
er, est,Iy
eas-y
'"'
eer
e-ver
fear
feafs
fear
terror
fight
fights
er, iog
light
argue
friend
friends
b,
less,ly
friend
mate
enemy
""
er, est. Iv
fun-ny
happy
"d
funny
'""
glass
glasses
glass
great
""
happy
high
highs
inside
er, est, Iy
great
wonderful
awful
er, est,ly
hap-py
glad
"d
er, est,ly
high
lall
i"w
"
in-side
knew
large
light
lights
little
mate
outside
knew
understood
'"
large
big
small
"
er,ed,ing,ly
light
fair
dark
b,
er, est
lit-tie
small
big
ed,ing, less
mate
friend
enemy
ier,iest, ily
might
strength
mates
might
nearly
near
near-Iy
almost
exactly
nothing
thing
noth-ing
nought
something
""'
once
once
other
others
p.",
parties
please
""
dis
quick
""
ready
something
never
oth-er
ed, ing
part-y
celebrate lion)
ed, ing,er
please
satisfy
annoy
er,est, Iy
quick
fast
slow
ed, ing, tv
read-y
prepared
thing
some-thing
their
nothing
their
tomorrow
to-mor-row
while
while
would
would
yesterday
yes-ter-day
vii
yesterday
tomorrow
Eng/ish - Back To Basics
Glossary
Teacher notes
Digraph
Plural
Eponyms
Prefix
Acronym
A word made up from the initial
letters of II phrase.
For example: SIOS tudden infant
death !yndrome)
radadradio detecting
and ranging)
Etymology
Singular
Antonyms
Grapheme
Base word
The root word or main part of tho
word. Prefixes and suffixes can be
added to the base word.
For example: reading, misguided,
c arefully
Compound word
Two or more words joined together.
For example: pancake, teaspoon,
underground
Consonant
Any letter of the alphabet that is not
a vowel.
For example: b, c, d, f. g, h, i
Contraction
A shortened form of a word. An
apostrophe is used to replace the
deleted letters.
For example: I'm, we're, they'lI,
she'd, can't
Derivative
A word made from adding prefixes
and suffixes to a base word.
For example: sleeping, un usual,
happily
English
Back To Basics
Homographs
Words that are spelt the same but
have different origins and meanings
and are sometimes pronounced
differently.
For example: cricket, wn
i d
Suffix
Syl/able
A unit of sound which contains II
vowel sound. All words are made up
of one or more syllables.
For example: talk, nerv-ous,
in-de-pen-dent
Synonyms
Homophones
Thesaurus
A reference book which groups
words by meaning.
Morpheme
The smallest unit of meaning.
For example: house/keep/ing
Phoneme
Phonetics
Vowel
Trigraph
viii
www.pm-ed.com
Pm-Ed Publishing"
Glossary
Teacher notes
PunctuatIon
Apostrophe
Exclamation mark
Quotation marks
Forward slash
Capital letters
Used to start a sentence, as the
firsl letter of proper nouns, for the
pronoun I, in tilles, and to start direct
speech.
Colon
Used to introduce additional
information.
For example: Use the following:
eggs, bacon, milk, salt
and pepper.
Comma
Used as II short pause to separate
parts of II sentence and items in II lis!.
Forexample: The boy, II great
athlete, was competing
in most events.
Full stop
Used at the end of a sentence or in
some abbreviations.
For example: His birthday was on
21 Feb.
Semicolon
Used to separate short, balanced
and linked phrases or clauses. It is
stronger than a comma, not as strong
as a full stop. It can also be used to
separate items in a list of phrases or
clauses.
For example: I bought new shoes;
they were on sale.
I need 12 pens, pencils
and rulers; 24 books,
six erasers and two
bags.
Hyphen
Used to join words and word parts,
clarify meaning and divide words at
the end of a line.
For example: resigned a contract
brother-in-law
three-quarters
Parentheses
Dash
Used to provide additional
information or show that something is
unfinished.
Question mark
Ellipsis
.'1.
,
-
II
Eng/ish
- Back To Basics
Glossary
Teacher notes
Grammar
Abstract noun
Auxiliary verb
Conjunction
Active voice
Adjective
A describing word IIsed to add
meaning to II noun or pronoun.
For example: He wore
II
blue shirt.
Connective
Clause
Determiner
Collective noun
Direct speech
Adverb
or when.
For example: He worked carefully.
Common noun
Agreement
Shows that linked words or phrases
agree in terms of case, number,
gender and person.
For example: He iswetcome. They
are welcome.
She tried to write the
story herself.
Article
A subclass of determiners where
a and 8n are indefinite and the is
definitive.
For example: a computer, an apple,
thedog
Complex sentence
Has a main (independent) clause and
at least one subordinate (dependent)
clause.
For example: I like swimming before
I walk along the beach.
Compound sentence
Has two or more independent
clauses with a linking word.
For example: The nurse worked hard
and helped the sick
child.
Double negative
When two negatives are used
together, with the effect of ca n ceiling
each other so the negative meaning
is lost.
For example: She wasn't doing
nothing.
He didn't get no lunch.
Finite verb
A verb that has a subject. A finite
verb must be a part of every sentence
and agree with its subject.
For example: The ball rolls.
The balls roll.
Idiom
A phrase that is not meant literally.
For example: over the moon
frog in my throat
English
Back To Basics
www.pm-ed.com
Pm-Ed Publishing"
Glossary
Teacher notes
Gramm.r
Indefinite pronoun
Passive voice
Preposition
Indirect speech
Reports, and often alters, direct
speech withollilhe use of quotes.
For example: I asked her to be quiet.
She told me she would
leave early.
It must be yours.
Did he write the book?
Personal pronoun
Modifier
Bright-eyed and
inquisitive, the squirrel
searched for food.
Sentence
Phrase
Possessive pronoun
Simple sentence
Paragraph
them, theirs.
Object
Proper noun
Relative pronoun
Noun
A word that names a person, place,
thing, feeling or idea.
Pronoun
Person
It must be yours.
Predicate
Slang
Statement
A sentence which states a fact.
For example: We will not be leavn
i g
today.
Eng/ish
Back To Basics
Glossary
Teacher notes
Gremmar
Subject
Tense
Verb
among
beyond
over
under
about
around
bot
inside
past
until
above
"
bV
into
P"
"P
across
before
concerning
like
round
upon
after
behind
despite
near
since
'"
against
below
down
of
through
with
along
beneath
during
off
throughout
within
alongside
beside
except
co
till
without
amid
besides
f"
onto
to
amidst
between
from
'"t
towards
Prepos/t/ona' phr....
according to
aside from
behind in
in front of
in regard to
on account of
ahead of
as to
due to
in lieu of
in spite of
on board
apart from
back of
in addition to
in light of
instead of
out of
as tar liS
because of
in the back of
in place of
in view of
owing to
doubtless
fast
loose
right
straight
better
early
first
loud
rough
third
bright
enough
hard
low
second
light
cheap
even
high
much
sharp
well
close
fair
late
near
slow
worse
deep
f"
little
quick
smooth
wrong
xii
www.pm-ed.com
Prim-Ed Publishing"
Vowel sounds
Teacher notes
There are 19 vowel sounds listed below. Most of these vowel sounds can be written in II number of
diHa rent ways, The letters used to represent sou nds in words are CII lied'graphemes'.
Knowledge about common graphemes and an understanding of how to use them when selecting the
particular one needed to spell II word correctly. are essential spelling skills.
Some althe most commonty used graphemes for each vowel sound are found in the table below.
Sound
'a' as in bat
II
as In ram
Gr.pheme.
II
(cat)
'ar' as in bar
'air' as in pair
air (chair) are (care) ear (bear) ere (there) eir (their)
aw as In paw
aw (yawn) or (fork) IIU (sauce) a (ball) are (store) oar (roar) oar (poor) ough (fought)
Bugh (caught) al (walk)
'e' as in tell
e (jet) ea (spread)
'ee' as in tree
'er' as in fern
ear as In appear
Tasinbit
Tas in hive
' '
a
as in top
' '
a
as in hope
ow asm cow
'oy' as in toy
oy (boy) oi (coin)
'00' as in cook
'00' as in boot
'u' as in mud
II
yu as In use
xiii
Eng/ish
Back To Basics
Consonant sounds
Teacher notes
There are 25 consonant sounds listed below. Most of these consonant sounds can be written in II number of
different ways. The letters used to represent sounds in words are called 'graphemes'.
Knowledge about common graphemes and an understanding of how to use them when selecting the particular
one needed to spell a word correctly, are essential spelling skills.
Some of the most commonly used graphemes tor each consonant sound are found in the table below.
Graphemes
Sound
'b' as in big
b (bat! bb (rabbit!
'c' as in cal
'd' as in dog
Tasin fat
'g' as in get
'h' as in hat
. .
tas lnJam
h (have) wh (who)
'I' as in look
'm' as in met
.
n as In now
ng as In sing
ng (strong ) n (sink)
'p' as in pot
.
r as In flln
p (pin) pp (ripped)
's' as in sat
'sh' as in ship
'\' as in tap
'th' as in thin
th (think)
'th' as in then
'
.
v as lnvan
v (vase) f (of)
w as I n was
w (watch) wh (when)
'x' as in box
.
y as In yes
'z' as in zebra
'zh' as in measure
s (treasure) si (television)
English
Back To Basics
xiv
www.pm-ed.com
Prim-Ed Publishing"
Prefixes
Manlng
Prefl.
Teacher notes
Ellamp/e(s}
II nti
opposed, against
antiseptic
bi-
two, twice
bicycle
bie-
life
biography
circum
around
circumference
".
together
cooperate
contra-
opposite, against
contradict
d,
defer, descend
dis
apart
disconnect
en em
make
enable, embrace
".
former
ex-premier
for-
oot
forget
fore-
before
forecast
91gll-
billion
gigabyte
hyper-
over, exclusive
hyperactive
i l-
oot
illegal
not, in
incomplete, inside
Im-Ir
oot
impossible, irregular
inter-
between, among
interview
mal
wrong
malfunction
mega-
million
megabyte
micro-
small
microscope
milli
thousand
millilitre
mini-
small
miniskirt
mis-
wrongly
misjudge
non-
oot
nonsense
out
outside, detached
outpatient
post-
after
postgraduate
pre
before
preheat
".
again, back
repeat, return
seml-
ha If
semicircle
sub-
under
submarine
super-
over, above
superhuman
trans-
across
transport
tri-
three, triple
tricvcle
".
oot
undone
unl
one, single
uniform
with-
against, away
withhold
. .
Suffixes
Suffix
Meaning
Teacher notes
EJlsmple(sj
-able, ible
adaptable, possible
-ai, -ieal
of, relating to
maternal, magical
."
like
circular
-er, -or
one who
farmer, actor
-ate
to make
aggravate
-lilian
act of
invitation
-dom
state of
freedom
-or, or
one who
larmer, actor
ess
feminine of nouns
princess
-fold
twofold
-lui
helpful, plateful
Ion
consideration, promotion
Isa
make into
humanise
-ish
belonging, like
girlish, Swedish
Ism
heroism, baptism
-ist
one who
artist
Ive
native, protective
-less
without
childless
Iy
menl
achievement, judgment
-OilS
filII of
nervolls
-phobia
fear, dread
claustrophobia
www.pm-ed.com
Pm-Ed Publishing"
Word origins
Teacher notes
Meaning
Root word
EXllmple(s}
scribe
writing
port
carry
p,d
foot
spire
breathe
mit
send, leI go
fact
make, do
duee, duct
to lead
capi!
head
fI"
flow
manu
hand
aqua,aque
water
"d
hear
annu
year
bene
well
prem, prim
first
unus
0"'
unit
d"
two
duet
tres
three
triangle
quatuor
four
quarter
qUinque
five
quintet
'"
'"
sextuplet
septum
seven
octo
eight
octopus
novem
nme
decem
Ie"
decimal
centum
hundred
century
mille
thousand
millimetre
Meaning
Root word
Example(_}
meter, metre
measure
micro
small
aero
'"
sphere
globe, ball
tele
far off
logy
word, knowledge,
science of
auto
self
logos
word, reason
xvii
Eng/ish
Back To Basics
Teacher notes
LIST 1
English
about
choose
friend
none
their
ache
colour
guess
ocean
though
address
coming
half
ohen
through
afraid
cough
heard
once
together
8galn
could
hospital
people
tomorrow
agree
country
hour
picture
tonight
almost
couple
hungry
piece
touch
always
COliSIn
important
please
trouble
among
daughter
insect
promise
Tuesday
answer
decide
instead
question
uncle
""Y
definite
interesting
quick
used
around
different
invite
ready
useful
August
difficult
January
reason
vegetable
a lint
discuss
knew
remember
vOice
aulumn
doctor
know
rough
Wednesday
balloon
does
lately
said
welcome
beautiful
don't
laugh
separate
where
because
done
library
September
which
been
during
listen
sign
who
beginning
early
lose
since
women
behaviour
easy
making
some
won't
bicycle
eight
many
someone
would
breakfast
every
meant
special
write
built
exercise
message
spread
writing
business
famous
might
straight
wrong
busy
February
minute
strange
wrote
b,y
finish
naughty
sure
yesterday
careful
forgotten
nearly
surprise
Back To Basics
xviii
www.pm-ed.com
Prim-Ed Publishing"
Teacher notes
LIST 2
accident
customer
incident
private
adventure
damage
information
procedure
aeroplane
decoration
injury
punishment
altogether
delicious
instrument
pure
ambulance
disappointing
intelligent
PYjamas
amusing
discovery
jealous
quantity
anxIous
disgraceful
knowledge
reasonable
appear
distract
lawyer
recreation
appreciate
division
league
religion
argument
doubt
machine
repair
assembly
election
malerial
request
association
electric
medicine
scarce
athlete
enormous
migrate
separate
attendance
enough
multiplication
serious
audience
excitement
museum
silence
Buthor
extreme
musical
skilful
automatic
failure
mystery
subtraction
avenue
fashion
necessary
support
awful
favourite
neighbour
surround
balance
finally
nephew
technology
believe
forty
nervous
unknown
careless
frequent
niece
valuable
celebrate
generous
opln!on
variety
centre
gradual
oxygen
visitor
certain
heritage
parliament
weary
chocolate
hesitate
passenger
weight
comfortable
honest
permIssIon
weird
committee
horrible
persuade
yacht
conversation
imagination
physical
youth
curtain
immediately
population
xix
Eng/ish
Back To Basics
Teacher notes
LIST 3
accessories
convenient
foreigner
irrelevant
outrageous
silhouette
acquaintance
cooperate
fortunately
irreplaceable
paralyse
sincerely
acqUire
courageous
freight
irresponsible
participant
sophisticated
admittance
CUriOUS
fugitive
ftinerBrY
permitted
spaghetti
adolescence
deceased
furious
jewellery
phenomenon
spontaneous
anniversary
definite
gauge
kidnapped
pneumonia
statistics
anonymous
desperate
genuine
knowledgeable
politician
successful
appalling
diabetes
glamorolls
labelled
possession
sufficient
Arctic
diarrhoea
government
legendary
possibility
supervisor
assistance
difference
grammar
limousine
professional
surgeon
asthmatic
disappearance
grieve
maintenance
pronunciation
SUSpICIOUS
basically
disapproval
guarantee
manageable
prosecute
technique
bouquet
disastrous
guard
manually
protein
therapeutic
boutique
discipline
hallucination
millionaire
questionnaire
tragedy
bureau
discrimination
harass
miraculous
queue
transferred
campaign
discussion
hereditary
mortgage
reassurance
twelfth
casualty
disease
hilarious
muscle
rebellious
unanimous
cautious
disinfectant
humorous
mysterious
receipt
unconscIous
cemetery
distinguish
hypothetical
nausea
recommend
unique
chauffeur
documentary
hysterical
negotiate
referee
unnecessary
choreography
economically
Ignorance
numerous
regretted
vaccinate
coincidence
efficient
illiterate
nutritious
rehabilitation
vague
colleague
eightieth
imaginative
obedient
relevant
visibility
commercial
electrician
immaculate
obese
responsibility
volunteered
commitment
embarrass
inappropriate
obscene
restaurant
vulnerable
communicate
encourage
independence
obsessive
resuscitate
wintry
competitive
escalator
indigenous
occasion
rhythm
worshipped
concussion
essential
ineligible
occurred
rumour
congratulations
eventually
ingredient
offence
satellite
conscientious
fascinate
inseparable
omitted
schedule
conscIous
fatigue
intermediate
opportunity
siege
controversial
fierce
interrupt
ordinary
significant
Englis
h
Back To Basics
www.pm-ed.com
Prim-Ed Publishing"
Teacher notes
LIST 1
Words
Exampl
angellangle
We putthe angel on the Christmas tree. A triangle might have 11 right angle.
as/like
ate/eaten
beat/beaten
became/become
began/begun
been/being
beside/besides
blew/blown
breath/breathe
can/may/might
She can do that. May I do that1 1 may do that. I might be able to do that.
came/come
chose/choose
dairy/diary
desert/dessert
The desert was dry. He deserted them. We had icecream for dessert.
did/done
forgot/forgotten
gave/give
gone/went
hid/hidden
Mum hid the Christmas presents. The presents were hidden from us.
its/it's
knew/know/known
I knew the teacher. I know who she is. I wish I had known before.
laid/lain
It was laid on the table. It had lain on the table for a while.
learn/teach
lend/borrow
loose/lose
meter/metre
of/off
outdoor/outdoors
passed/past
quiet/quite
rapt/wrapped
risen/rose
The sun had risen before I woke. The sun rose before I did.
role/roll
She played the role of a doctor. She ate a salad roll for lunch.
showed/shown
storey/story
They lived on the top storey of the building. I read the story.
thei r/there/they're
threw/through
tore/torn
wear/where/we're
I will wear the dress. Where are you? We"re going to school.
went/gone
who/which
I have two brothers who are older. I have two kittens which are cute.
who's/whose
Eng/ish
Back To Basics
Teacher notes
LIST 2
Rootword
Example(s}
lie ce pI/except
ad dilion/edition
advice/advise
affect/effect
amend/emend
They should amend the rule. He needs to emend (edit) his work.
ballet/ballot
belief/believe
charted/chartered
The local councillor approved the plans. The counsellor listened to her.
The woman had two dependants. The child was dependent on her mother.
device/devise
The electronic device was expensive. She had to devise a new plan.
elicit/illicit
eligi ble/legible
The school was eligible for the grant. Her writing was legible.
emigrant/immigrant
The emigrant leit his country. The immigrant arrived in his new country.
emission/omission
There was a gas emission. The omission of her name was an oversight.
employee/employer
The new employee worked hard. The boss was their employer.
forgave/forgiven
forma Ily/formerly
human/humane
mediate/meditate
She had to mediate between the groups. I took time to meditate and relax.
mistaken/mistook
I was mistaken about the time. I mistook the time it would take.
overtaken/overtook
They had overtaken the slow car. They overtook the car.
premier/premiere
proof/prove
You need the right proof first. You will have to prove it's true.
refuge/refugee
He took refuge from the storm. The refugee arrived from another country.
review/revue
Write a review of the book. The musical revue was very funny.
scared/scarred
scraped/scrapped
She scraped her knee when she fell. r scrapped the work r was doing.
stationary/stationery
suit/suite
He wore the new suit to the party. We stayed in an expensive hotel suite.
summary/summery
nii
www.pm-ed.com
Prim-Ed Publishing"
J
c
o
English -Back To Basics
oar. ore
Phonics
Answers
I.
2.
(. ( roar
( bl soar
(,I board
(dl hoarse
(, I oars
(I)
(. I more
( bl sore
(,I lore
(dl wore
(, I pore
(I)
core
(01 store
(hI score
!i)
chore
( k( shore
(I)
before
(. I wore
( bl lore
(,I score
(dl bored
(,I chore
(I)
( bl board
(,I stofe
(j)
3.
bored
4. (. I sore
aboard
core
(dl more
Eng/ish
- Back To Basics
oar. ore
1. Write oar to finish the words in each sentence.
at the zoo.
high in the sky.
d game.
se.
____
::0
d the yacht.
la I m
Ibl s
Ic I t
IdI w
lei p
IfI c
Ig I st
I hi sc
Ii I
I kl sh
I II bef
--'
-
"-
:::>
"-
Ij)
ch
lal y esterday, I
______
my school shirt.
______
a hole in my trousers.
______
is?
lei My main
in the bin.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
PrlmEd Pubiishlr.g"
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
www.pr!m-ed.com
. .
. .
. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
'
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
. . . .
"
"
"
. . . . . . . . . . .
air, a
Phonics
Answers
I . Teacher check drawings.
2.
3.
(. ( hai r
( b( fair
(, ( pair
(d( chair
(,I stairs
(I.) fairy
(01 dairy
(hI hairy
(. I banana
( bl extra
(,I carner!!
(d) China
(,I umbrella
(1.1 zebra
(. I hair, fair
( bl pair, stairs
(,I dairy
(d) china
(I.)
camera,zebra
,...
air, a
1. Write air to finish the words. Draw a picture for each.
I cI
I bI
la I
Idl
lei
If)
ch
Igi
I hi
::0
z
-'
st
"
:::>
"-
2. Add a to each word. Write the correct word for each 'What am I?'
Chi nl
zebr
extr
camer
banan
umb re lll
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
PrlmEd Pubiishlr.g"
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
www.pr!m-ed.com
. .
. .
. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
'
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
. . . .
"
"
"
. . . . . . . . . . .
war. au
Phonics
Answers
( b( warn
( ,) reward
(d) ward
( ,) swarm
(I) w.rt
(0) wardrobe
(h) dwarf
(. ) sauce
( b) saucer
( ,) launch
(d) haunt
( ,) laundry
(I(
( b) rewarded
( ,) rewarding
I. (. (
2.
3 . (. )
warm
pause
warm, August
4. (. ) rewards
war. au
1. Write war to finish the words in each sentence.
m in summer.
_____
_____
_____
d at the hospital.
_____
z
--'
_____
m of bees.
t on my finger.
_____
drobe?
_____
f.
_____
2. Add au to finish each word. Use the correct word to complete each question.
a.
p
s,
se
,ce
__
___
______
h
s,
nt
__
___
_______
_______
lnch
___
on your food?
a house?
_______
_______
button on the CD
_______
player?
3. Circle each word with a war or au sound. Draw the pictures.
lal re,
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
__
. .
. .
PrlmEd Pubiishlr.g"
. .
. .
,ds
. .
. .
Ibl re,
,ded
. .
. .
. .
www.pr!m-ed.com
. .
. .
. .
, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
"
"
"
"
re
Icl
__
"
"
"
"
"
"
lding
__
"
"
,. "
. . . .
"
,. "
. . . . . . . . . . .
thr. shr
Phonics
Answers
I.
2.
3.
(. ( three
( bl throw
(,I throat
(dl thread
(, I throne
(I) through
(. I shrink
( bl shrub
(,I shred
(dl shrug
(, I shriek
(I) shrimp
(. I three, shmbs
(bl shrunken, thread
4. (. I throw, threw
(bl shrink, shrunk
(, I through, threw
thr. shr
1. Write thr to finish the words. Use the correct word to complete each sentence.
one
la I My brother had
ead
I bl I can
ee
I c I My
ough
ow
oat
w
I fl I like to walk
the park.
2. Write shr to finish the words. Use the correct word to complete each sentence.
::0
I al Be careful not to
ed
--'
-
C>:::>
C>-
Imp
I bl The
iek
I c I Dad had to
ub
ink
__
ug
__
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
.. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
,
PrlmEd Pubiishlr.g"
www.pr!m-ed.com
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. . .
English -Back To Basics
"
"
, '
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
spr. scr
Phonics
Answers
(. ( spray
( bl sprinkles
(,I sprint
(dl spread
(, I Spring
(I) sprout
2.
(. I spree
( bl sprinkler
3.
(. I scream
( bl screen
(,I scratch
(dl scrub
(,I screw
(I) scribble
I.
4. (. I scruffy, scratch
(bl scribbled, scrap
Eng/ish
- Back To Basics
10
spr. scr
,. Write spr to finish the words in each sentence.
ead on my toast.
ing is the best season of the year.
___
::0
z
--'
'out.
____
"
:::>
"-
3. Write ser to finish the words. Use the correct word to complete each sentence.
ibble
ew
Ibl There is a
ub
earn
Idl I always
atch
een
If)
__
__
__
__
__
__
_______
_______
on each window.
______
______
_______
on my arm.
_______
her name.
4. Circle the scr words. Draw a picture for one of the sentences.
PrlmEd Pubiishlr.g"
www.pr!m-ed.com
11
squ. str
Phonics
Answers
I.
(. ( squirt
( bl squeeze
(,I squeal
(dl squeak
(, I square
(I) squid
(g I squirrel
(hI squad
HI
(. I squirt
( bl squeak
(el squirrel
(dl square
(,I squid
(. I street
( bl straw
(,I stream
(dl strap
(,I stretcher
(I) strawberry
(gl streamer
(hI string
(j)
2.
3.
squat
squash
4. (. I strav. street
(dl strong, strap
( bl square, straight
(, I Squeeze, strawberries
Eng/ish
- Back To Basics
12
squ. str
,. Write squ to finish the words. Draw a picture for each.
la I
If)
irt Ibl
__
id
__
eeze lei
__
irrel
Igi
__
Ihl
__
__
,eal Idl
,ad Iii
,eak lei
are
___
,at
__
___
ash
Ijl
___
2. Write a squ word from above to finish the questions. Answer each with yes or no.
::0
water at someone?
_
_
_
_
_
_______
_______
_______
_______
_
_
_
_
_
-'
=>
a.
Ia I
lei
;===::,e"e,,-t---,
__
etcher
Ibl
If)
I cI
aw
__,awberry
Igi
a"
"', Id
1
P
:",
====
e:
am
="
==
___
eamer
Ihl
___
lOg
www.pr!m-ed.com
13
ch. tch
Phonics
Answers
I.
(. ( bunch
(dl
branch
(g I punch
(j)
2.
3.
(,I crunch
(, I bench
(I)
lunch
(hI brunch
HI
ranch
( bl Brunch, lunch
(,I bench
pinch
(. I bunch
(dl
( bl munch
ranch
(, I branch
(. I catch
( bl watch
match
(,I snatch
(dl
(,I patch
14
ch. tch
1. Write ch to finish the words.
lal bun
IfI lun
__
__
Ibl mun,
Icl cru n
Igi pun
Ihl brun
__
__
__
__
Idl bra n
Iii
ran,
__
_
_
_
lei ben,
Ijl pin
__
__
______
______
::0
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
______
in the park.
______.
_______
--'
3. Write tch to finish the words. Write the correct word for each question.
Answer each with yes or no.
pa
__
______
sna
Ibl Do you
ma,
ca
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
wa
_
_
_
a basketball?
_______
television?
_
_
_
______
______
_______
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
4. These words can have different meanings. Read the sentences, then draw a picture for
each.
PrlmEd Pubiishlr.g"
www.pr!m-ed.com
15
ure. lne
Phonics
Answers
I . I. I
2.
I bl nature
1,1 adventure
Idl future
I, I furniture
(I.) fracture
Ig I
creature
IhI puncture
I. I furniture
I bl puncture
picture
1,1 creature
Idl fracture
I bl margarine
1,1 sardine
I,I future
(I.)
mandarine
Eng/ish
- Back To Basics
16
ure. lne
1. These words all end in ure. Write the ending to finish the words.
L
lal p ict
L
Ibl nat
_
_
_
L
If) fract
lei furnit
L
_
_
_
_
_
_
L
Icl advent
Idl futL
L
Igi creat
L
Ihl punct
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
::0
:::>
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
a.
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
4. These words all end in ine. Write the ending to finish the words.
lal mach
Ibl trampol
Icl magaz
__
_
_
_
Idl submar
__
fracture
mandarine
tambourine
future
sardine
margarine
www.pr!m-ed.com
17
tion. ous
Phonics
Answers
I . I. I
Id)
station
I b) fiction
I,) direction
action
I, ) addition
II)
I b) fraction
I,) attention
I b) dangerous
I,) enormOllS
I,) pOlsonOllS
(I)
2.
I. ) section
3.
'"'
4. I. ) famous
Id)
collection
collection
intersection
18
tion. ous
1. Write tion to finish the words. Use the correct word to complete each sentence.
direc,
addil
_
_
_
_
_
_
-'
c;:
:::>
a.
______,
co ll ec__
sta
Idl I like
_
_
_
fic:
If)
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
______
______
ac.
_
_
_
_
______
_______
in maths,
of books,
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
famous
serious
nervous
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
dangerous
enormous
pOisonous
4. Circle the ous and tion words. Draw a picture for each.
(e) an enormous
animal
PrlmEd Pubiishlr.g"
www.pr!m-ed.com
19
Base words
TEACHER INFORMATION
The bass word is the main part of the word; e.g. independent.
Prefixes and suffixes are added to II base word to change its meaning. These new
words are called derivatives.
Answers
I. (. (
(d l
,,'
( bl sleep
(,I walk
happy
(,I plav
(II lall
(hI write
HI
talking
talked
washing
washes
(gI do
(j)
cold
rest
2. (. I talks
(bl washed
unwashed
(, I kinder
kindest
unkind
(d l locked
locking
unlock
J3
unlocked
3. (. I coldest
( bl untidy
(,I sleeps
(d l cooking
(,I talked
(I)
(g I unfinished
(hI repainting
likes
26
Pr1m-Ed Pub"5hl
www.prlm-ed.com
Base words
A base word is the main part of a word. Letters can be added to the front or the end
of a base word.
Example: cooked cooking
1. Circle each of the base words.
la) eating
If) tallest
Ib) sleeps
Ig) doing
Id) unhappy
Ii) colder
walked
Ih) rewrite
Ie)
Ie) playful
Ij ) rested
He
w
s a lot.
.
They are
::0
She
--'
ed the dog.
I am
ng.
ed to me.
He
es the dog.
e>.
:::>
e>.
The dog is un
Ie)
I am kind.
He is
_____
She is the
ed.
,er.
_____
,est.
I am
_____
They are un
_____
Can you un
_____
_____
_____
3. Choose a base word from the list on the right to finish each sentence.
I a) It is the
I b) My room is very un
Ie) The baby
s all night.
Id) Dad is
Ie) Mum
If) He really
sleep
ed to the teacher.
,s
_______
football.
ed.
_______
_______
paint
finish
l ike
, ng the walls.
27
Prefixes
uno. re-
TEACHER INFORMATION
A prolix is one or more letters added to the beginning of II base word to change
its meaning; e.g. dislike, unhappy, replay, irresponsible, misunderstood, improper,
disappear, preheat, illegal.
Answers
I.
(. ( uncover
( bl undone
(,I unfair
(dl unfold
(,I unpack
(I) unplug
(,I unlucky
(hI unsafe
(i)
(. I happy, unhappy
( bl pack, unpack
(I(
( bl return
(,I reuse
(dl retrace
(,I rewind
(II
refresh
(, I redo
(hI remake
HI
reprint
(. I relurn
( bl recharge
(,I repaint
(dl replay
(,I reuse
(I)
(j)
unwrap
unlike
3. (. I repaint
(j)
like, unlike
J3
recharge
retell
28
Pr1m-Ed Pub"5hl
www.prlm-ed.com
Prefixes
uno, re-
la)
cover Ib)
done I c)
fair
I d)
fold
If)
plug
lucky I h)
safe
Ii)
wrap Ii)
Ig )
pack
Ie)
like
::0
z
--'
-
"-
:::>
"-
la)
If)
__
paint Ib)
fresh Ig)
__
turn
Ic)
do
I h)
__
__
use
Id)
__
remake Ii)
__
trace Ie)
__
__
print Ij )
wind
__
__
charge
4. Write your answer to these questions. Circle the words with reo
_
_____________
_
______________
_________
_
_
_
_
______________
_
_______________
TEACHER INFORMATION
A suffix is one or more letters added to the end of 11 base word to add to its
meaning; e.g. careless, helpful, thinly, walker, agreement, talking, breakable,
famous, neatness, selfish.
Answers
I. I. I
Ibl older
1,1 harder
Idl quicker
1,1 higher
II)
101 soher
Ihl slower
lower
2. I. I teacher
Idl worker
3. I. I baker
Idl user
Ibl cleaner
younger
(el owner
I,I walker
Ibl writer
(el skater
I,I driver
words are:
J3
Ibl baker
I, I taller, shorter
Idl smaller, larger
I,I warmer, colder
I. I
homeless
Idl helpless
Ibl careless
1,1 harmless
I,I sleepless
30
Pr1m-Ed Pub"5hl
www.prlm-ed.com
Suffixes
-er. -less
lal low'
_
_
lei high
__
Ibl old
Icl hard,
__
IfI young
Idl quick
_
_
Igi soft_
_
_
Ihl slow,
_
_
_
_
lal teach
__
Ibl clean
__
Icl own
__
Idl work
__
lei walk
::0
lal bake
__
Ibl write
__
Icl skate
__
Idl use
__
lei drive,
__
":::>
"-
careless
harmless
sleepless
homeless
I b I I was
I c I The dog is
Idl I felt
lei I had a
crying.
31
Words in words
Answers
I.
(. ( ' "'
( b) eod
( , ) i",
"'w
( , ) lit/it/I
(I)
co
(g) the/her/he
(h) read
HI
"'
( b) dolor
( , ) eat/atill
( ,) man/an/a
(I)
(d)
(j)
w.
2. (. ) a/round
(d) in/sidell
3. (. )
II,
near/earfa/early
1'>1
I angle/a/an
7.
32
Pr1m-Ed Pub"5hl
www.prlm-ed.com
Words in words
1. Find and write a small word in each word.
lal fear
__
IfI once
__
Ibl friend
Igi other
__
__
lei funny
Ihl ready
__
__
Idl knew
iii use
lei little
__
__
iii were
__
__
lal around
Idl inside
__
__
_
_
__
_
_ _
_
Ibl doetor
lei many
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
lei great
_
_
If) nearly
_
_
_
_
_
_
::0
_
__
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
6. faJ Find the four small words in ma te and circle them in the sentence.
There was a thin thing in the garden and I said, 'No, I did not see it'.
7. (a) Write a sentence using the two small words in spend.
33
Alphabetical order
Answers
I.
(. ( afraid
( bl happy
(,I because
(dl quick
2. (. I around, before, could, ever, friend (1, 2, 3, 4, 51
(bl again, doctor, easy, glass, high 12, 3, I, 4, 5)
( bl February
(,I school
(dl many
34
Pr1m-Ed Pub"5hl
www.prlm-ed.com
Alphabetical order
1. Look at the first letter in each word. Write the word that comes first alphabetical/y.
I aI
afraid
before
climb
doctor
easy
2. Write
w
::0
z
--'
-
"-
:::>
"-
I cI
Ib I
yesterday
where
happy
while
would
QJ 0 0 0
please
ever
mate
because
fight
use
their
something
ready
quick
0 before 0
Ibl doctor 0 easv O
knew 0
Icl little O
Idl might 0 would 0
AUgUst O
lei July 0
lal around
Id I
0 ever 0 friend 0
8g8in O
glaSS O
high 0
other 0
nearly 0 great 0
fear O
nothing 0
please 0
September 0 October 0 November 0
could
______
last name:
_______
_
______________
_
I aI
Ic I
I bI
Id I
another
fight
some
might
about
funny
seen
many
around
February
should
more
again
follow
school
myself
afraid
friend
sister
meat
35
Silent consonants
TEACHER INFORMATION
COl1sonantswhich form digraphs (I.e. two letters making one sound) with other
consonants include:
b - after m; e.g. bomb, thumb
9 - before n; e.g.
h - after
Answers
I.
J3
( b) yolk
( ,) kni fe
(d) thumb
( ,) sCience
(I)
sCissors
(, ) lamb
(h) hour
(i)
comb
(j)
palm
3. (. ) know, write
(b) our, wrestle
(, ) crumb, palm
36
Pr1mEd Pub"5hl
www.prlmed.com
Silent consonants
1. All these words have a silent consonant. Use a coloured pencil to circle each silent
consonant.
knew
climb
kno w
lamb
knife
ca lm
honest
.
crumb
sCIence
.
thumb
comb
::0
z
--'
sCIssors
scent
hour
yolk
palm
school
wrestle
g host
wriggle
write
2. What am I? Write the word, choosing from those above. Circle the silent consonant
and draw a picture of the word.
"
:::>
"-
Syllables
TEACHER INFORMATION
A syllable is II unit of sound which contains one vowel sound. All words lire made
up of one or more syllables.
When II word has double letters that sound like one consonant, separate
between these letters; e.g. yel/low. scrib/ble, gram/mar.
Words ending in tie, ble, die, pie, glo. cle, fie and zle are usually separate
syllables; e.g. whis/lle, sta/ble, han/die, sam/pie. jinigle, trea/cle,
rilfle, puz/zle.
Base words with II vowel - consonant -vowel pattern usually divide before the
consonant; e.g. pollice, dolnor, a/pen. de/lele, a/gent, si/lent.
Base words with a vowel - consonant - consonant - vowel pattern usually
divide between the consonants; e.g. doc/tor, pic/ture, cen!sus, oy/ster, con!
cert.
Answers
I. (. (
ev/er
( bl great/er
(,I near/ly
(,I a/gain
(I)
( bl sister
(,I sharpen
(til mower
(, I behind
(I) tiger
(,I able
(hI playing
(til doc/tor
in/side
J3
38
Pr1mEd Pub"5hl
www.prlmed.com
Syllables
A sylla ble forms a word or part of a word. All words have one or more syl/ables.
broken
yesterday
bro
and ken
use has
use
lal ever
_
_
Idl doctor
__
_
_
__
Ibl greater
_
_
_
_
lei again
lei nearly
_
_
_
_
If) inside
Show the syl/ables.
::0
z
--'
3. These groups of words have two syl/ables each. Match the two syl/ables, then write
the whole word.
"
:::>
"-
I al
to
SIS
er
sharp
day
mow
en
I bl
lei
Idl
ter
IgI
today
lel
IfI
be
ble
ti
hind
Ihl
play
'"9
ger
4. Sort the words into three groups to show the number of syllables.
One syllable
Two syllables
Three syllables
bed
got
circle
family
dig
39
Antonyms
TEACHER INFORMATION
Alltonyms are words that are opposite in meaning. Antonyms can add 11 contrast in
description or feeling. Many words take II prefix to create an antonym; e.g. happy
unhappy
Answers
I.
(. ( night
( bl pull
(,I sister
(dl afraid
(,I large
(I)
easy
(01 tomorrow
(hI light
(i)
quick
(kl something
(I)
happy
(j)
before
(e) clean
(d) brothers
(II
fast, quick
3. Opposites include:
(a) brave, timid
clean, dirty
40
Pr1m-Ed Pub"5hl
www.prlmed.com
Antonyms
1. Write the word that is opposite in meaning.
lal day
_____
lei brother
lei small
_____
_____
Igi yesterday
____
Iii slow
Ikl nothing
w
::0
lbl push
_
_
_
_
Idl brave
lfl hard
Ihl heavy
(II sad
tomo rrow
large
pull
night
something
easy
lig ht
ha ppy
before
sister
quick
_
_
_
_
_
_
ii i after
____
afraid
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
2. Write a new sentence by using a word that is opposite to the bold word.
____________________
_
-'
-
a.
___________________
_
_
_
____________________
_
_
___________________
_
___________________
4. Write a sentence using these antonyms - lall- short and push - pull.
41
Homophones
TEACHER INFORMATION
Homophones are words that sound the same but have different meanings. Examples
include: cereal- serial, know - no, feat-Ieel, stare -slair.
Homographs are words that lire spell the same, have different meanings lind may
bow (rhymes with cow)- II verb meaning to bend the body as II sign of respect
Answers
1. (a) know, No
(e) hour, our
(II
wood, would
J3
42
Pr1m-Ed Pub"5hl
www.prlm-ed.com
Homophones
Homo phones
lal I don't
Idl This
who he is. I
_____
No
I told
her,
____
..
_____
_____
'.ow
I h'" I
will be busy. I
______
w ,,'
I I think
'"
on the fire.
IfI Put some
::0
___
___
party is in May.
would
wood
thank you.'
___
'
___
_
____
for dinner.
__
__
lal
Ibl
been or bean
I have
with my sister.
______
to the shop
feet.
Idl
I paid the
got on the bus.
_____
_
_
_
_
_
nose or knows
Amy
the game.
when I
or bare
I took off my shoes and ran with
bear
howto play
______
IfI
plane or plain
_ _ _ _ _
_
Compound words
TEACHER INFORMATION
A compound word is formed by ioining two or more words
together.
Examples include:
Answers
)
I. ) myself
I b) saucepan
(el backpack
I') surfboard
I, ) airport
(II
I.) bathtub
Ih) something
birthday
Ibl birthday
(el something
I') surfboard
I,) myself
(II
I.) saucepan
I h) airport
2. I. ) backpack
bathtub
3. I. ) bathroom, tonight
4. I. ) pancake
(bl rainbow
44
Pr1m-Ed Pub"5hl
www.prlm-ed.com
Compound words
1. Draw a line to match words to make a compound word. Write the new word, then
draw a picture.
lal my
pack
Ibl sauce
day
Icl back
thing
Idl surf
self
lei air
tub
If I birth
pan
Ig I bath
board
Ihl some
port
::0
--'
-
"-
:::>
"-
_________
_
_______
_______
______
_______
_______
_______
with water.
______.
_____
____
45
c
b
____
_
_
___
Contractions
TEACHER INFORMATION
A contfBctiorl is II shortened form 01 two words where an apostrophe is used to
Answers
1 . (II) he'll
(bl she'll
(e) it'll
(d) that ll
'
(bl isn't
(el hasn't
(d) wasn't
46
Pr1m-Ed Pub"5hl
www.prlmed.com
Contractions
To shorten the word wi
Example: I will
, I'll
lal he will
_
_
__
Icl it will
_ _
_
__
2. Write each sentence again with the bold words shortened into one word.
_
___________________
Ibl
Icl
_
___________________
_
__________________
-'
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
'"
:::>
'"
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
lal we will
_______________________
_
_
_____________________
_
___________________ _
lal do not
(For
__
_
Ibl is not
_ _
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
Sorting words
Answers
1 . be - become, because, began, below, begin, before
to -today, tomorrow, tonight, together, towards
in - into, invent, inside, indoor, incorre ct
out - outside, outlook, oulg row, Dutd oar, outfit
IIny - anyway, anyone, anyhow, anywhere, anything
some - sometimes, someone, somewhere, something. somehow
2. Answers will vary.
48
Pr1m-Ed Pub"5hl
www.prlm-ed.com
Sorting words
7.
Sort the words into six groups. Each group of words has the same beginning.
be
to
In
out
any
some
::0
z
--'
-
"
:::>
"-
lal be
Ibl to
I el i n
Idl out
lei
any
If) some
_
______________________
49
Answers
I.
(. ( climb
( b) school
( , ) friend
(d) doctor
( , ) funny
(I)
(g) lig hi
(h) happy
glass
( b) large
( ,) little
(d) once
( ,) where
(I)
while
3. (. ) Sometimes, afraid
(b) little, again
(, ) sisler, fighting, about
(d) There, something. funny
(,) friend, because, knows, large
50
Pr1m-Ed Pub"5hl
www.prlm-ed.com
I dl 17:::;----'
Ibl r:=::;
lal
clime
sckool
freind
docter
::0
z
--'
glas
I iht
hapy
"
:::>
"-
2. Which letter is missing from each word? ___ Write each word correctly.
lal befor
Idl one
Ibl larg
____
_
lei wher
____
lei littl
___
_
____
_
____
If) whil
___
_
3. Find the words that are not spell correctly. Put a line under each. Write the correct
words in the box.
II
I
I don't know what my
sistar was fiting abowt. I
I
I
I
II
II
1 1'------"
II
II
I
I I,----------"
'--_
------'
'--_
---------'
51
II
English -Back To Basics
Capital letters
Punctuation
TEACHER INFORMATION
A capital letter is used:
as the firsl letter of a proper noun; e.g. Ireland, Thomas, Pacific Ocean
for the initial letter and proper nouns to start direct speech; e.g. 'She is here
today.'
far the initial letter and proper nouns in titles of books, films etc.; e,g. Black
Beauty, Finding Nama.
Prim-Ed Pu blishing employs minimal capitalisation for tides 01 books and other
publications, as recommended by the Sly/e manual for authors, editors IJnd printers,
sixth edition, 2002.
Answers
52
Pr1mEd Pub"5hl
www.prlmed.com
Capital letters
1. Use a red pencil to show where the capital letters should be.
IiH30 I:llll!lb
::0
--'
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_________________
_
________________
_
___________________
_
__________________
_
______________
_
_____________
_
________________
_
3. Read the story. Show where the capital letters should be.
my aunty jasmine is getting married in april next year. she will marry jason. they
are going on a plane to bali. when they come back to new zealand, they will live in
wellington.
53
Full stops
Punctuation
TEACHER INFORMATION
A full stop ( . ) is used:
for abbreviations when only the first part of the word is used; e.g. Feb., Capt.
Answers
I.
J3
4. On the weekend I spent some time outside. I also played some games on
the computer. It's in the family room. Mum and Dad like to know what I'm
playing. They use the computer, too. Dad uses it to pay the bills. Sometimes
Mum plays a game. Sometimes she writes emails.
54
Pr1m-Ed Pub"5hl
www.prlmed.com
Full stops
1. Add a full slop 10 end Ihe senlences.
I al We saw a kangaroo
I d I I am ready to go
::0
--'
-
"-
:::>
"-
lei
My room is neat
Igi There is no
3. Add a full slop al lhe end of each senlence.
4. Read the story. Use a full stop at the end of each sentence.
Question marks
Punctuation
TEACHER INFORMATION
A question mark ( 7 ) is used:
at the end of II sentence that asks II question; e.g. How are you?
in direct and reported speech where II question is asked; e.g. 'How are you?'
she asked.
Answers
I.
56
Pr1m-Ed Pub"5hl
www.prlm-ed.com
Question marks
lal
::0
z
--'
-
"
:::>
"-
l it is 3 o'clock. I
I My name is Grace.
II am seven years old.
I The game is on Saturday. I
I l like the colour green. I
Ia I
Ibl
Ic I
Id I
IeI
4. Draw a picture of you and your family having dinner.
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
Commas
Punctuation
TEACHER INFORMATION
A comma ( , f suggests II short pause and is used to make meaning clearer by
separating parts of II sentence. Use II comma to:
separate items in II lisl; e.g. I took pens, pencils, paper and paints to the class.
separate clauses in
II
separate words, phrases and clauses althe start of II sentence; e.g. Firstly, I'm
not going!
separate words that add extra information; e.g. Kylie, my best friend, is coming
to visit.
separate the carrier (I replied/from the direct speech; e.g. That is Kylie', I
replied.
Answers
1. (a) I like pears, oranges and watermelons.
58
Pr1mEd Pub"5hl
www.prlmed.com
Commas
1. Show where the commas go in each sentence.
,
,
::0
z
--'
-
"
:::>
"-
_______
______________________________
_
_
and
______
_________________________
_
_____________________________
_
_
_______
and
and
______________ __
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
__
_________
______.
_
________________________________
_
_______
______
_______________
___
_
and
______________
_______
and
_______ ..
____________
_
_
_
______________ _
(bl Who are the four people who sit closest to you in class?
59
Editing
Punctuation
Answers
I.
Il
60
Pr1mEd Pub"5hl
www.prlmed.com
Editing
I. Show where the capital letters should be.
::0
z
--'
-
"
:::>
"-
aunt lisa and uncle jim took tyler and i to the beach we swam surfed and made
a sandcastle 'do you wantto find some shells ' asked uncle jim i said no but tyler
said yes they found white brown and blue shells
,
61
Nouns
Grammar
TEACHER INFORMATION
Nouns are naming words. They name people, places, things lind ideas.
Common nourls are words naming general rather than particular things; e.g.
apple, river, table, colour.
II
capital letter;
Col/flctivB nouns name II group of people, animals or things; e.g. class, herd.
Abstract nourls name an idea, concept or quality; e.g. love, danger, youth, pain.
Nouns are often identified by the placement of II, an, the or some in front 01 the
word.
Answers
I.
I. I
,",
Idl fruit
2. I. ) television
Id) beach
Ibl film
(el school
I,) trampoline
Ibl Japan
(el elephant
I,) teacher
62
Pr1m-Ed Pub"5hl
www.prlm-ed.com
Nouns
A
noun
::0 2. Circle, the n write the noun in each sentence . Colour yes or no.
c(
Z
--'
""
:::>
""
yes
no
yes
no
yes
no
yes
no
yes
no
____________
_
3. Write a noun to answer each question. Some may nee d a capita/ letter.
_
_____________
______________
_
________________
_
_____________
_
___________
_
(
(churc
,,
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , '\, , , , " , " " , "'\" " " " , , " , " " " " " , , " , , "" " " , , , ,
.
or "-
'-.
bird
wide
draw
.. .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . .
63
'
'
. ..
. .. .. .. .
Verbs
Grammar
TEACHER INFORMATION
A verb is a word or group of words that names an action or slate of being. Verbs are
often called 'doing words'; e.g. road, walks, speaking, has broken, ate, will type.
Verbs can indicate tense, voice, mood, number and person.
Answers
I.
(. ( drew
( bl eats
(,I rode
(dl played
(,I wrote
(I) talked
( bl help
(,I dive
(,I sleeping
(I)
2. (. I make
(dl weanng
drive
64
Pr1m-Ed Pub"5hl
www.prlmed.com
1. Write the
verb
Verbs
(doing word) in each sentence.
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
________
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
__________
_
2. One verb in each sentence has been underlined. Underline and write the other verb in
each sentence. Answer the question.
::0
z
yes
no
--'
w
""
:::>
""
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
yes
no
yes
no
yes
no
yes
no
yes
no
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
catch
climb
run
teach
cry
65
tree
watch
English -Back To Basics
Verb tenses
Grammar
TEACHER INFORMATION
The trlnse of II verb is used to show the lime at which the action of that verb takes
place.
Most verbs are regular and follow the same pattern for the past, present and future
lense. For example, with the verb 10 jump; I jump!1 am jumping 1presenttense); I
jumped/I was jumping (past tense), I will jump (future lense).
I"egular verbs life those that do not follow this pattern, particula rly in the past
lense. For example, I rise (rose), I teach (taught), I mean (meant), I win (won), I do
(did), I begin (began).
An lIuxiliary verb helps to form the tense of II verb. The verbs to be, to have and to
do are auxiliary verbs; e.g. I have eaten. The auxiliary verb used in the future lense
is will; e.g. 1 will eat.
Answers
I. (. (
walch (present)
2. (. ( walk - present
(b( talked - past
(, (
played - past
cleaned - past
3. (. ( write - present
( b( watched ipastl
walked - past
talks -present
plays - present
worked - past
wrote - past
grew- past
(, ( taught- past
teaches - present
wore - past
(, ( thought - past
thinks - present
catch - present
J3
clean - present
(f(
caught - past
4. ial drew ibl rode icl ate idl bought iel met HI found igl saw ihl heard
66
Pr1m-Ed Pub"5hl
www.prlm-ed.com
Verb tenses
1. Read the sentences.
I al I walk to school.
w
::0
z
--'
-
e>.
:::>
e>.
I walked to school.
I c I He played football.
He plays football.
I worked hard.
_______
______
_
_______
I wrote a story.
______
_______
______
_
He teaches reading.
_______
_______
_______
I wore a shirt.
_
_
_
_
_ _ _ _ _ _
_
______
_
_
_
lal draw
lei eats
_
_
_
_
_
_
lei meets
Igi see
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
Ibl ride
Idl buy
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
IfI finds
Ihl hear
67
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
Pronouns
Grammar
TEACHER INFORMATION
A pronoun is used in place of II noun to avoid repetition.
Personal prorlOuns refer to people . They can be singular or plural, subjective or objective
and may indicate gender. Examples are: I, you, he, she, we, they, me, him, her, his, them,
mine, hers, theirs, ours.
Impersonal pronouns refer to everything but people. They clln be singular or plural,
subjective, objective or possessive. Examples are: it, Ihey, them, theirs.
Relatillo pronouns refer to people and objects and connect clauses and sentences. They
are used in the three cases:
subjective - who, thai, which
possessive -whose, of that, 01 which, of whose
objective - whom, thai, which.
Other examples of relative pronouns are whoever, whomever, whichever and whatever.
Demonstrative pronouns replace nouns and function in the same way as nouns in a
sentence. Thev have no gender but are used in the three cases:
subjective -this, that,these, those
possessive - of this, of that, 01 these, of those
objective -this, that, these, those.
Other examples of demonstrative pronouns are: other, such, same, former, latter and
ordinal numbers (first, second etc.f
Inte"ogative pronouns are used in asking questions. Thev include who, whose, whoever
(used for people) and what, which and whatever (used for thingsf.
Reflexive pronouns are used in sentences that contain verbs whose actions are directed
toward the subjects of the verbs. Add the suffixes -self or -selves to the personal
pronouns my, your, him, her, our,them and one.
Indefinite pronouns are words that refer to people or things without saving exactlv
who or what they are. Examples include all, another, any, anybody, anyone, anything,
both, each one, either, everybody, everyone, everything, few, little, many, more, much,
neither, nobody, none, no-one, nolhing, other, others, several, some, somebody, someone,
something and such.
Answers
I.
I. I
h"
I bl h,
(c) Thev
I,) I, you
I b) Eric and Tom
(c) Alice
I, ) Mr Smith
I b) ours
(c) yours
(b) he
(c) they
(b) they
(c) she
(e) it
(I)
Idl hers
4. Pronouns are:
I. I ,h,
5. I. I (\
Idl h'
68
we
Pr1mEd Pub"5hl
Pronouns
I. Colour the right word.
la) Kirsty is walking to our house. I can't see I her I him I yet.
Ib) Dan is reading a book. Do you think I him I he I likes it?
Ie) The children are sitting down. IThem ITheyI are all quiet.
Id) Mrs Jones is the teachef. 1 Shel HerI is sitting at I his I her I desk.
Ie)
2.
w
::0
z
--'
-
"
:::>
"-
playing, too?
I Mr Smith I
IAlice I
I Rick I
I Dr Mary I
______
______
Ie)
Id)
Ie )
_______
I can see
______
_______
CC
yCT
I=
m"'
in"'
el
la) The book is I"'m
4. The nouns are underlined. Write a new sentence using a pronoun in place of the noun.
___________________
_
_________________
_
________________
_
we
la) dog
Ie)
Id) John
Ie) tree
Emma
_
_
_
Adjectives
Grammar
TEACHER INFORMATION
An adjective is II word that describes or gives more information about II noun or
pronoun; e,g. pretty, thin, tall, delicious. It qualifies the word it describes by making
it more specific; e.g.lhe red dress-the adjective red specifies the colour of the
noun dress. Adjectives can tell II bout the colour, size, number, classification or
quality of II noun or pronoun. They can come before or after the noun and usually
after the pronoun; e.g. the beautiful bird, The bird is beautiful. It is beautiful.
There are three forms of adjectives: absolute (e.g. small I. comparative (e.g.
smaller), superlative (e.g. smallest).
Answers
1 . (II) linle, cute, young, soft, sleepy
(b) long. striped, cold-blooded, poisonous, thin
(c) juicy, tasty, delicious, fresh, crisp, ripe
2. Answers will vary. Suggestions include:
( bl sunny/rainy
(,I young/kind
(til cute/little
(,I crisp/red
(I)
new/shiny
light,lighter, lightest
5. (. I best
J3
(I)
( bl worse
(,I less
(til most
70
Pr1mEd Pub"5hl
www.prlmed.com
Adjectives
1. Tick the words you could use to describe these things.
lal
Ibl
little
love
cute
cry
young
2.
Max
angry
soft
brother
sleepy
long
hard
tall
pOisonous
cold-blooded
JUICY
tasty
melon
delicious
fruit
striped
reptile
thin
slither
food
fresh
seeds
CriSp
JUice
ripe
.
la)
::0
z
--'
-
"
:::>
"-
I b)
II
I c) She is a
lady.
Ie) It is a
apple.
I have a
(I)
car.
la) big
I c)
_____
Ie)
lb) old
_____
_____
warmer
ld)
_____
_____
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
kindest
_____
tallest If)
lighter
_____
_
_
_
_
_
Ib) bad
Ic) little
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
PrlmEd Pubiishlr.g"
least
.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
www.pr1med.com
. .
. .
. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
worst
"
"
71
"
"
"
"
"
"
'
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
. . . .
"
"
"
. . . . . . . . . . .
Grammar
Answers
1. ia) My mum's birthday is in April.
ib) There is nolhing t wanlto watch on TV.
icl I will do my homework before I'm tired.
id) My little dog is funny when he plays.
72
Pr1m-Ed Pub"5hl
www.prlmed.com
lei
_
______________
::0
z
--'
-
2.
a.
lei
_
_____________________
_
_____________________
_______
but then he
-------_ .
lei
I forgot to
Idl I enjoy
______
because
______
______
beeause
73
so
_
__
Grammar
TEACHER INFORMATION
A conjunction is II word (or wordsl that connects words, phrases, clauses and
sentences; e.g. and, bul, because, so, that.
Answers
1 . (a) I know I'll be late for school unless I wake up when Mum calls me.
(b) The music was turned up loudly so Dad could hear it outside.
(c) Kara won't be able to go shopping if she does not have any money.
(d) Mrs Jones came to school early so she could plan our lessons.
(e) Jake will not go to the game if his arm is still hurting.
(I)
74
Pr1m-Ed Pub"5hl
www.prlm-ed.com
::0
z
--'
-
"-
:::>
"-
2.
_______
unless
_
________________
_______
cold.
_______
_______
so
I stay healthy.
___________________
_
50
_______
_______
_________________
_
_______
il I
il my
_
_
_
______
75
il I
Sentences
Grammar
TEACHER INFORMATION
A s6ntrlnCB is II group of words that makes sense on its own. It must have II finite verb (II
verb with II subject), II capital letter at the start and end in II full slop. question mark or
exclamation mark.
Answers
I.
Sentences are:
(. ( I can see II dog.
( b) The light is on
(I)
Look at that!
( ,) l am happy today.
3. (. ) Shane - throws
( ,) That's perfect!
( b) Sally - sleeps
(, ) Dad - reads
(d) 1 - forget
J3
76
Pr1m-Ed Pub"5hl
www.prlm-ed.com
Sentences
A sentence is a group of words that makes sense on its own.
1. Write 5 next to the sentences.
I a)
Id)
Ig)
I b)
Ie)
I h)
Ie)
If)
Ii)
O Wili you.
o Look at that!
O The is four
A sentence must start with a capital letter and end with a full stopD question mark
rn or exclamation mark []] .
w
::0
--'
2.
I a)
"-
:::>
"-
Id)
Ig)
If)
3. Underline the verb (doing word) that tells what happens. Circle the person or thing that
makes it happen. For example: ak 'ides his bike to school.
(.! ?J
_
________________
_
_
_
_______________
_
___________________
________________
_
5. Write two complete sentences. Include a capital letter and the correct punctuation at
the end.
la)
Ib)
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
___
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
___
77
Complex sentences
Grammar
TEACHER INFORMATION
A simple sentence has one main idea lind usually contains only one verb and one
subject. It cannot be broken down into other clauses; e.g. Mark isubject) threw
(verb) the ball is an example of II simple sentence.
A compound sontrmce has two (or more) independent clauses with
II
conjunction.
For example, Tim and I saw the film but I didn't enjoy it.
(Clauses can be separated by II comma, semicolon or colon.)
A complex sentence has II main (independentl clause and at least one subordinate
(dependent! clause; e.g. The doctor worked long hours at II hospitalwhere there
were many very sick children.
Answers
1 . Answers will vary. Examples include:
(a) My wonderful mum made II chocolate cake.
(bl The kind nllrse cared for the sick girl.
(e) The young boy rode his new bike to his best friend's house.
(d) The thoughtful teacher gave us II new book that she thought we would
enloy.
78
Pr1mEd Pub"5hl
www.prlmed.com
Complex sentences
It's easy to make a sentence more interesting!
You can add describing words, joining words and more naming and doing words.
brave
cricket
The
scared
to watch!
game was
so
boring
boy.
____
mum made a
______
cake.
gi rl.
::0
The
--'
puppy was
outside.
"-
:::>
"-
The
lady grew
flowers.
2.
I fell asleep!
______
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_______
gym
to
Icl The boy rode his bike.
_______________
_
The
______
______
bike to
79
Overused words
Grammar
Answers
I.
( b( thoughtful
(d( i"
( ,) special
( , ( terrific
( b) delicious
(d) fantastic
( ,) loving
( ,) perfect
( b) yelled
(d) begged
( ,) ordered
4. (. ) drove
(d) walked
( b) flew
( ,) asked
( , ) rolled
( , ) slithered
80
Pr1m-Ed Pub"5hl
www.prlm-ed.com
Overused words
Sentences need interesting words.
Some words, such as nic e, like and good are used so offen it's boring!
1. Rewrite each sentence, using a more interesting word for nice.
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
____________________
_
__________________
_________________
_
_
___________________
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_ _ _ _
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_____
_
______
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
61
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .