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English

BackTo Basics

(Yr 3/P 4)

Published by R.I.C, Public ations 2010


Republished under licence by Prim-Ed Publishing 2010

This master may only be reproduced by the


original purchaser for use with their class(es). The
publisher prohibits the loaning or onselling of this
master for the purposes of reproduction.

Copyrighte> Jenni Harrold 2010

Copyright Notice

ISBN 918-1-84654-245-9
PR- 6313UK

Titles available in th is serie s:


English -Back To Basics (Yr liP Z)
English - Back To Basics (Yr VP 3)

English - Blick To Basics (Yr 3/P 4)

English - Blick To Bllsics (Yr 4/P 5)

English - Blick To Bllsics (Yr 5/P 6)

English - Blick To Bllsics (Yr 6/P 7)


English - Blick To BIIsics (Yr

6 Exf/S I)

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Foreword
English - Back To Basics is a comprehensive resource designed to teach and revise basic literacy concepts. Essential skills

are covered in spelling and word study. punctuation and grammar; with phonics included in Books Yr.l/P 2, Yr 21P 3 and
Yr 3- P 4. Ea c h of the pages foeuses on one c on capt, which is developed throug h relevant, graded activities.
Although intended liS a homework series, these books are also ideal for:

teaching a new concept

consolidation

assessment

revision.

English -Bltek To Basics - y, lIP2

Titles in the series are:

English - Back To Basics - y,2!P 3


English - Back To Basics - y,3/P 4
English - Back To Basics - Y,4!P 5
English - Back To Basics - y, SIP 6
English - Back To Basics -

Yr6/P 7

English - Back To Basics -

Yr6 Ext/S 1

Contents
Base words

Teacher note.
.
Overvlew

...... . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .

Prefixes - un, re

. . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26--27
28-29

. . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

IV

Suffixes - er, less

. . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Curriculum links ..................................................................v

Words in words

Spelling and vocabulary lists ...........................................vi

. . . . . . . . ........

Alphabetical order

Spelling rules ......................................................................vi

Silent consonants

Spelling list - word building ............................................vii


...
GIossary
Vlll-Xil

Syllables

. . . . . . . . . . . ......

. . . . . . . . . . . . ......

. . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . ......

. . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . ...........

. . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .....

..

Antonyms

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .

Additional word lists ......................................................... xii

Homophones

Vowel sounds ................................................................... xiii

Compound words

Consonant sounds ........................................................... xiv

...............................................................

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Contractions

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .

Prefixes............................................................................... xv

Sorting words

Suffixes .............................................................................. xvi


. .
Word origins
XVII

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . .....

Identifying correct spelling

. . . . . . . . . . . ...........

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...........

..

30-31
32--33
34--35
36--37
38--39
40-41
42-43
44-45
46-47
48-49
50--51

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Punctuation

Words commonly misspelt .................................. xviii - xx


Words easily confused or misused .................... xxi - xxii

Capital letters
Full stops

Phonic.
oar, ore
air, a

thr, shr
spr, scr

. . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .

squ, str
ch,tch

. . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . ......

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .....

. . . . . . . . . . . ......

. . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ure, ine

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . .....

tion ,ous

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2--3

Commas

4-5

Editing

Plurals

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Adding 'ing'

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

. . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .....

. . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . .....

. . . . . . . . . . . ...........

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6--7

52-53
54-55
56--57
58-59
60--61

Grammar

8--9

10--11

Nouns

12-13

Verbs

14-15

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .

Verb tenses

16--17

Pronouns

18--19

...... . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Adjectives

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .

Writing sentences - word order

Spelling and word .tudY.


Look, say, cover, write, check

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......

Question marks

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .

war, au

. . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Joining words (Conjunctions)


20--21

Sentences

....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22-23

Complex sentences

24-25

Overused words

iii

. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .....

. . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Eng/ish

62--63
64--65
66--67
68--69
70--71
72-73
74-75
76--77
78-79
80--8 1

Back To Basics

Overview

Teacher notes

Fortnat
This series of books contains pupil lind teacher
pages focusing on skills in the following areas:

spelling and word study

punctuation

grammar

,. ----

phonics lBooks Yr liP 2, Vr 2}PJ and Vr liP 41.

----"-
,-----
.----
.....---
..---.---

FlUltures

._-----
.-..-

.--

provides activities on each page that relate to one literacy


concept

follows an organised format in which concepts are repeated


and expanded across year levels

uses II focal list of vocabulary

has II pupil page supported by a corresponding teachers


page

has II teachers page that includes answers and detailed


information explaining each concept

provides additional reference information for teachers.

. .-

.-
-
.-

. __.....
.. -

.-

T@

-.

_.

I
!

.. .....

teaching

consolidating and revising knowledge and skills

..

,,, ,.,....

,,",

--

This series of books is ideal for:


II

.-

.-

. , . "'-
--- -

This series of books:

.-

new concept

.....

homework activities to revise skiBs taught in class


assessment.

...,

. ,..... ,

.-..- ...--...--.
.

- ---

"

--

---.-

---- -.

--

.-..---

Spelling and voubula,.,

--

---

--

There lire two different lists of words used in each book:

an age-appropriate spelling list of 4Dwords, and

II

high-Iraq uency voe II bulary list.

Both lists are used frequently throughout each book in the areas of spelling and word sludy, punctuation and grammar.

Additional re'erence mat.rl.'


This book includes:
word-buItding table which shows the base word, plural form, prefixes, suffixes, syllables, synonyms and antonyms

II

an extensive glossary 01 terms used in spelling and word study, punctuation and grammar

vowel sounds and the different ways they are represented

consonant sounds and the different ways they are represented

spelling rules

prefixes, their meanings and examples

suffixes, their meanings and examples

word origins- Latin and Greek root words with their meanings and examples

words commonly misspelt

words easily confused or misused

prepositions and prepositional phrases

words that can be used as adjectives or adverbs.

English - Back To Basics

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Prim-Ed Publishing"

Curriculum links

Teacher notes

Country/SubjactJlevel Curriculum Objectives


England
literacy
Yoar Th

Word structu,. and .""lIi"!l


.pell high and medium frequency word,
,ocogni a .ange 01 prelixes and sul/ix
spe ll unfamiliar words u,ing known con,entia".
Sentence Structur. Ind Punctuation
compo sentenc " .ing adjective. vern. and nouns

Northern Ire'and
language and literacy
Key Stage On.

Talking Ind Usla.jng


recognise features 01 13"gu3ge, showing phonological awaren...
R..ding
build u p a sight vocabulary
identify words, patterns Of lett."
recognise and notice how words ar. conmucted and .pe
Writi ng
use a riety of skills to .pell words
spe ll correctly. rang"

of familiar, important and regularly occurring word,

develop increa,ing competenc e in the use of g,amma, and punctuation


Rlpublic of I,el and
Engli.h
Second Class

Rlc_plivlnl.. to Laftguog.
comi ftue to build a 'ight vocabulary
engage in activnie, de,igned to ine,ea,e aw.,eness of .ound.
learn about the sounds associated with the part

of a

wo,d 0' syllable that allows it to ,hyme with anothe, wo,d 0' syllable

learn about the sounds associated with the beginning of a wo,d 0' syllable
learn to connect the beginning. of wo,d. and .yll ables
learn about common wo,d endings
Compete"". and Confidence in Usi ng Languag_
understand that the conventions of punctuation help to make meaning cleafe' in writing
opell wo,ds in a ,ecogni.able way baoed on an awareness of the most common spelling .t,ings and patterns
Dlop ing Cognitive Abilitie. through Languog.
perfo rm alphabetical
Scotl and
Lite,acy and English
First

grder !aiks

Reading
use knowiedga of .ight vocabulary, phonic., punctuation and grammar to read with underotanding and expression
Writing
opel l th e most commonl'f'-u.ed wo,d., using knowledge of lener panem.
write i ndependentl'f', u.a appropriate punctuation and order and link sentence. in a way that makes ,ense

Wa l es
Engli.h
Key Stage Two

Reading - Skills
develop phon ic, graphic and grammatical knowledge and word recognition
develop underotanding of the .tructure, vocabulary. g,ammar and punctuation o f Eng.h, and of how tIIe,e clarify meaning
Writing - Skill.
use a range of .emence mucture" linking them co herentl'f'
use punctuation to clarify meaning
choo,e and usa appropriate vocabulary
use the .tandard form. of English: nouns, pronouns, adjectives , connective nd ve,b tens",

Eng/ish - Back To Basics

Spelling and vocabulary lists

Teacher notes

$pelllng lI.t
about

could

funny

large

once

their

afraid

doctor

glass

light

other

tomorrow

agam

easy

great

little

P'"'

while

around

ever

happy

mate

please

would

because

fear

high

might

quick

yesterday

before

fight

inside

nearly

ready

climb

friend

knew

nothing

something

Vocabulary lI.t
animal

brother

house

March

once

seen

their

water

another

circle

January

M,y

over

September

then

w.y

April

clean

July

more

OW"

should

there

were

August

could

Jump

mornlllg

people

sister

these

where

beautiful

December

June

myself

please

some

thing

who

because

February

laugh

next

pull

square

took

work

birthday

friend

little

night

push

teacher

triangle

would

both

half

lunch

November

rectangle

than

under

year

bring

home

many

October

school

thank

watched

Spelling rules
Write i before e, except after c.

Drop the final e to most words when adding a


suffix beginning with a vowel.

For example: friend, believe, receive, receipt

For example: use-usable


make-making

Some exceptions: foreign, either, science, weird, height,


species

Write ie after c for words with a shuhn sound.

Double the consonant when adding a suffix


starting with a vowel (e.g. -ing) to:

For example: sufficient. ancient, conscience, efficient

Write ei when the vowel sounds like an a.


For example: weigh, rein, reign, neighbour

For words ending in y:

retain the ywhen adding -ing.


for example: crying, studying
retain the yif it is preceded by a vowel, when adding s
or a suffix;
lor example: employs, employer

Exceptions include many words ending in I, where the 1


is always doubled;
for example: appal-appalling
travel-travelling.

Some exceptions: dryness, shyness.

Back To Basics

a word of more than one syllable ending in a single


consonant, preceded by a vowel ilthe stress is on the
final syllable;
for example: begin-beginning
commit-committed.
When the stress is not on the final syllable, the single
consonant remains;
for example: develop-developing-developed.

change the yto iiI it is preceded by a consonant, when


adding a suffix;
for example: cries, studies

English

a word of one syllable ending in a single consonant.


preceded by a vowel;
for example: drip-dripping
sit-sitting

,j

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Spelling list
W.nJ

Plure'

word building

Prefi

Suffl

about
""

afraid
again

Teacher notes

Syllebl

Synonym

Antonym

a-bout

almost

a-fraid

frightened

unafraid

exact

a-gain

around

round

a-round

about

because

cause

be-cause

since

be-fore

earlier

after

climb

ascend

descend

simple

hard

before
climb

ed,iog. er

could

could

doctor
easy

doctors
""

ease

ed, ing

dot-lor

er, est,Iy

eas-y

'"'

eer

e-ver

fear

feafs

ed, er, iog, ful

fear

terror

fight

fights

er, iog

light

argue

friend

friends

b,

less,ly

friend

mate

enemy

""

er, est. Iv

fun-ny

happy

"d

funny

'""

glass

glasses

glass

great
""

happy
high

highs

inside

er, est, Iy

great

wonderful

awful

er, est,ly

hap-py

glad

"d

er, est,ly

high

lall

i"w

"

in-side

knew
large
light

lights

little
mate

outside

knew

understood

'"

er, Iy, esse,est

large

big

small

"

er,ed,ing,ly

light

fair

dark

b,

er, est

lit-tie

small

big

ed,ing, less

mate

friend

enemy

ier,iest, ily

might

strength

mates

might
nearly

near

near-Iy

almost

exactly

nothing

thing

noth-ing

nought

something

""'

once

once
other

others

p.",

parties

please

""

dis

quick
""

ready
something

never

oth-er
ed, ing

part-y

celebrate lion)

ed, ing,er

please

satisfy

annoy

er,est, Iy

quick

fast

slow

ed, ing, tv

read-y

prepared

thing

some-thing

their

nothing

their

tomorrow

to-mor-row

while

while

would

would

yesterday

yes-ter-day

vii

yesterday

tomorrow
Eng/ish - Back To Basics

Glossary

Teacher notes

and word .tudy'


Abbreviation

Digraph

Plural

An abbreviation is II word written


in shortened form. A full stop may
be used to show part of the word is
missing. However, if the last letter of
the word is used, there is no full slop.

Two letters representing one


phoneme.

Indicates more than one person


or thing.

For example: th, sh, wh, er, ck, au

Eponyms

For example: two books


three wishes
lour children

For example: Mon. for Monday


Orfor Doctor

Eponyms are words that come from a


person's name or name of a place.

Prefix

Acronym
A word made up from the initial
letters of II phrase.
For example: SIOS tudden infant
death !yndrome)
radadradio detecting
and ranging)

For example: Jules Leotard


Anders Celsius
Earl of Cardigan

Etymology

Used at the beginning 01 a base word


to change meaning.
For example: inedible, unconscious,
iAegal, disobey

The study of the origin and history 01


words.

Singular

For example: annualfrom the Latin


word annu, meaning
'year'

For example: one book, a table,


an apple

Antonyms

Grapheme

Words that are opposite in meaning.

Used at the end of a base word.

The written representation of a


sound.

For example: working, lonely,


walked, editor

(Note: If it is not pronounced as II


word, it is an intialism; e.g. LPG.]

For example: hot/cold


dark/light
wet/dry

Base word
The root word or main part of tho
word. Prefixes and suffixes can be
added to the base word.
For example: reading, misguided,
c arefully

Compound word
Two or more words joined together.
For example: pancake, teaspoon,
underground

Consonant
Any letter of the alphabet that is not
a vowel.
For example: b, c, d, f. g, h, i

Contraction
A shortened form of a word. An
apostrophe is used to replace the
deleted letters.
For example: I'm, we're, they'lI,
she'd, can't

Derivative
A word made from adding prefixes
and suffixes to a base word.
For example: sleeping, un usual,
happily

English

Back To Basics

For example: ew, ing, th

Homographs
Words that are spelt the same but
have different origins and meanings
and are sometimes pronounced
differently.
For example: cricket, wn
i d

Only one person or thing.

Suffix

Syl/able
A unit of sound which contains II
vowel sound. All words are made up
of one or more syllables.
For example: talk, nerv-ous,
in-de-pen-dent

Synonyms

Homophones

Words that are similar in meaning.

Words that sound the same but are


spelled differently.

For example: big/large


small/tiny
wet/damp

For example: peace/piece


threw/through
bored/board

Thesaurus
A reference book which groups
words by meaning.

Morpheme
The smallest unit of meaning.
For example: house/keep/ing

Phoneme

For example: promise-pledge,


guarantee,
engagement, commit,
assure, secure

The smallest unit of sound in a word


that can be represented by one, two,
three or four letters. There are 44
phonemes i n English.

Three letters representing one


phoneme.

For example: to, shoe, through

For example: high, fudge, pear

Phonetics

Vowel

System of spetting words that


represents sounds by symbols.

The five letters of the alphabet that


are not consonants.

Trigraph

These are: a, e, i, a and u.

viii

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Glossary

Teacher notes

PunctuatIon
Apostrophe

Exclamation mark

Quotation marks

Used to show ownership and in


contractions to show where letters
have been dropped.

Used to show strong emotion.

Used to indicate direct speech,


quotations and specific titles.

For example: Jackie's dog wasn't


barking.

Forward slash

Capital letters
Used to start a sentence, as the
firsl letter of proper nouns, for the
pronoun I, in tilles, and to start direct
speech.

Colon
Used to introduce additional
information.
For example: Use the following:
eggs, bacon, milk, salt
and pepper.

Comma
Used as II short pause to separate
parts of II sentence and items in II lis!.
Forexample: The boy, II great
athlete, was competing
in most events.

I took pens pencils.

For example: That's fantastic news!

Used to show options, shortened


forms, in web addresses and instead
of per, an or a.
For example: true/false
60kmlh

Full stop
Used at the end of a sentence or in
some abbreviations.
For example: His birthday was on
21 Feb.

For example: 'Did you know the


Spanish word siesta"
means a short nap?'
Ben asked.

Semicolon
Used to separate short, balanced
and linked phrases or clauses. It is
stronger than a comma, not as strong
as a full stop. It can also be used to
separate items in a list of phrases or
clauses.
For example: I bought new shoes;
they were on sale.
I need 12 pens, pencils
and rulers; 24 books,
six erasers and two
bags.

Hyphen
Used to join words and word parts,
clarify meaning and divide words at
the end of a line.
For example: resigned a contract
brother-in-law
three-quarters

Parentheses

paper and paints to the


class.

Dash
Used to provide additional
information or show that something is
unfinished.

Used to enclose additional


information such as a comment,
explanation or example.
For example: TIa (my sister) showed
me how to use the
program.

Question mark

For example: I opened the gift-it


was just what I
wanted.

Used at the end of a sentence to


show a question to be answered.

Ellipsis

For example: Did you finish


everything you wanted
to?

Used to mark letters or words that


have been left out and a pause or
interruption

For example: Her birthday party was


wonderful ... the best
ever!

.'1.

,
-

II

Eng/ish

- Back To Basics

Glossary

Teacher notes

Grammar

Abstract noun

Auxiliary verb

Conjunction

A word which describes things that


cannot actually be heard, seen, smelt
or tasted.

A'helping' verb that is used in


forming tense, mood and voices with
other verbs. The verbs to be, to have
and to doare often used as auxiliary
verbs.

A joining word for words, phrases,


clauses and sentences.

For example: anger, beauty, d/Jnger,


jealousy, loyalty, pain

I was tired but I had


to work because the
assignment was due.

For example: I W8S thinking of you.

Active voice

He does leave his room


In a mess.

The voice of the verb which shows


that the subject of the sentence i s
performing the action.
For example: Her friend drove the
car.
The dog frig h fenedthe
child.

Adjective
A describing word IIsed to add
meaning to II noun or pronoun.
For example: He wore

For example: I ate an apple anda


pear.

II

blue shirt.

The meal was


delicious.

We have seen it.

Connective

Clause

A connecting word that tells order


and what i s coming next.

A group of words with a subject and


its verb.

For example: I'll finish the dishes first


and then watch a film.

For example: She walked to the


st8tion.

Determiner

Collective noun

A word that is used in front of a noun


or pronoun to tell something about it.

A group of persons or things.


For example: a c/8SS of students, a
flock of sheep, a herd
of elephants

For example: a tiger, thetiger, some


tigers, both tigers, that
tiger, three tigers

Direct speech

Adverb

Command verb (imperative)

Adds meaning to II verb, adjective or


other adverb. It can tell how, where

A verb used as an order or command.

Exactly what is spoken, and is


enclosed in quotation marks.

For exa mple: Stop talki ng so loudly.

For example: 'Are you feeling

or when.
For example: He worked carefully.

Common noun

Yesterday. they walked


to school.

A word naming general rather than


particular things.

She finally finished.

For example: apple, river, table,


colour

Agreement
Shows that linked words or phrases
agree in terms of case, number,
gender and person.
For example: He iswetcome. They
are welcome.
She tried to write the
story herself.

Article
A subclass of determiners where
a and 8n are indefinite and the is
definitive.
For example: a computer, an apple,
thedog

Complex sentence
Has a main (independent) clause and
at least one subordinate (dependent)
clause.
For example: I like swimming before
I walk along the beach.

Compound sentence
Has two or more independent
clauses with a linking word.
For example: The nurse worked hard
and helped the sick
child.

thirsty?" she asked.

Double negative
When two negatives are used
together, with the effect of ca n ceiling
each other so the negative meaning
is lost.
For example: She wasn't doing
nothing.
He didn't get no lunch.

Finite verb
A verb that has a subject. A finite
verb must be a part of every sentence
and agree with its subject.
For example: The ball rolls.
The balls roll.

Idiom
A phrase that is not meant literally.
For example: over the moon
frog in my throat

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Glossary

Teacher notes

Gramm.r
Indefinite pronoun

Passive voice

Preposition

A pronoun thai refers to people or


things generally and not specifically.

The voice of the verb which shows


that the subject is having an action
done to it.

Used in front of a noun or pronoun to


describe the relationship.

For example: anybody, anything,


everybody, everyone,
somebody, something

For example: Max was tickled by his


sister.
She was surprised
the visitors.

Indirect speech
Reports, and often alters, direct
speech withollilhe use of quotes.
For example: I asked her to be quiet.
She told me she would
leave early.

Main (independent) clause


A group afwords that can stand
alone and make sense without being
dependent on any other part of II
sentence.

For example: Peter is conscientious.


He works quietlv.

For example: I wrote the book.

Used to specifically name a person


or thing.

It must be yours.
Did he write the book?

Personal pronoun

Modifier

Second person personal pronouns


are: you, yours.

Bright-eyed and
inquisitive, the squirrel
searched for food.

For example: doctor, Paris, suitcase,


fear, courage

A group of sentences that are about


one main idea. The sentences should
follow in a logical order.

For example: Here is the house that I


want to buy.
I met the man whose
story I had read.

Sentence

Phrase

For example: She walked towards


the house.

A group of words that makes sense


on its own. It may have one or more
clauses. It must have a finite verb,
a capital letter althe start and
end in a full stop, question mark or
exclamation mark.

The car crashed into


the tree.

For example: /'II eat breakfast after


(ve had a shower.

A group of words in a sentence


which does not contain a finite verb.

Possessive pronoun

Simple sentence

A pronoun used to show ownership

For example: That book is his.

A sentence with only one verb (part


of the predicatef and one subject.
For example: I played a game.

I have mine here.

Shows what or whom the verb


affects.

Paragraph

Used to connect or relate one part of


a sentence to another.

them, theirs.

Object

She wore blue jeans.

For example: Jemma, Antarctica,


Sahara Desert

Third person person.al pronouns are:


he, his, him, she, hers, her, it its, they,

I think it's hers.

For example: Thev purchased a


house.

Proper noun

Relative pronoun

First person personal pronouns are: I,


me, mme, we, us, ours.

Noun
A word that names a person, place,
thing, feeling or idea.

Used in place of a noun to reduce


repetition.

Text may be written as the first,


second o r third person and is
indicated bV the use of pronouns and
verbs.

Used in place of a person.

For example: The TV is in the largest


room.

Pronoun

Person

For example: I decided to go


shopping after I had my
lunch.

A word or group of words that affect


the meaning of another word in some
way by giving mora information. They
might describe, define or make II
.
.
meaning more precise.

For example: underthe water, to him,


atthe concert, before
lunch, around them

They ate dinner


together.

It must be yours.

Predicate

Slang

What is written or said about the


subject of a sentence.

Words or phrases in common use


that are not considered to be part of
standard English.

For example: The teacher was tri ed


and hungry.
The kitchen was clean
and td
i y.

For example: aggro, dude.

Statement
A sentence which states a fact.
For example: We will not be leavn
i g
today.
Eng/ish

Back To Basics

Glossary

Teacher notes

Gremmar
Subject

Tense

The person or thing who is doing the


action in II sentence.

Verb tenses tell whether the action is


happening in the past, present or future.

For example: Mrs Green taught music.

For example: I walked, I welk, I 8m


walking. I will walk.

The football 108m won the


game with the last kick.

Verb

Subordinate (dependent) clause

An action or state of being word.

A group of words that cannot stand alone


and make sense. It is dependent on the
main clause for its meaning.

For example: She relldlhe book.


He has written II story.
They will elll dinner.

For example: I ate everything on the


plate because I was
hungry.

We thought about it.

Additional word lists


Words us.d prepositions
aboard

among

beyond

over

under

about

around

bot

inside

past

until

above

"

bV

into

P"

"P

across

before

concerning

like

round

upon

after

behind

despite

near

since

'"

against

below

down

of

through

with

along

beneath

during

off

throughout

within

alongside

beside

except

co

till

without

amid

besides

f"

onto

to

amidst

between

from

'"t

towards

Prepos/t/ona' phr....
according to

aside from

behind in

in front of

in regard to

on account of

ahead of

as to

due to

in lieu of

in spite of

on board

apart from

back of

in addition to

in light of

instead of

out of

as tar liS

because of

in the back of

in place of

in view of

owing to

Word's used .s adjectl" or adverbs


b,d

doubtless

fast

loose

right

straight

better

early

first

loud

rough

third

bright

enough

hard

low

second

light

cheap

even

high

much

sharp

well

close

fair

late

near

slow

worse

deep

f"

little

quick

smooth

wrong

English - Back To Basics

xii

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Vowel sounds

Teacher notes

There are 19 vowel sounds listed below. Most of these vowel sounds can be written in II number of
diHa rent ways, The letters used to represent sou nds in words are CII lied'graphemes'.
Knowledge about common graphemes and an understanding of how to use them when selecting the
particular one needed to spell II word correctly. are essential spelling skills.
Some althe most commonty used graphemes for each vowel sound are found in the table below.

Sound
'a' as in bat

II

as In ram

Gr.pheme.
II

(cat)

ai (pain) !lY (tray) a-e (plate) II (baby) ea (break) ei (rein) ev (grey)

'ar' as in bar

ar (car) II (class) al (cam au (laugh)

'air' as in pair

air (chair) are (care) ear (bear) ere (there) eir (their)

aw as In paw

aw (yawn) or (fork) IIU (sauce) a (ball) are (store) oar (roar) oar (poor) ough (fought)
Bugh (caught) al (walk)

'e' as in tell

e (jet) ea (spread)

'ee' as in tree

ee (sheep) ea (beat) y (funny) ie (thief) ei (ceiling) ey (key) i (ski) e-e (athlete)

'er' as in fern

er (germ) ir (girl) ur (purse) or (word) ear (earn) our (journey)

ear as In appear

ear (near) eer (deer) ere (here) ier (tier)

Tasinbit

i (fin) y (pyramid) ui (build)

Tas in hive

i (find) ie (pie) y (sky) ie (fine) igh (sigh)

' '
a

as in top

o (clot) a (wasp) au (sausage) au (cough)

' '
a

as in hope

o (no) oa (boat) oe (toe) ow (slow) o-e (home)

ow asm cow

ow (down) 011 (loud)

'oy' as in toy

oy (boy) oi (coin)

'00' as in cook

0 0 (book) u (bush) au (should)

'00' as in boot

00 (spoon) ew (flew) ue (true) au (soup) ui (fruit) a (to)

'u' as in mud

II

yu as In use

(truck) a (some) au (young)

u-e (fuse) u (duty) ew (new) ue (avenue) eau (beauty)

xiii

Eng/ish

Back To Basics

Consonant sounds

Teacher notes

There are 25 consonant sounds listed below. Most of these consonant sounds can be written in II number of
different ways. The letters used to represent sounds in words are called 'graphemes'.
Knowledge about common graphemes and an understanding of how to use them when selecting the particular
one needed to spell a word correctly, are essential spelling skills.
Some of the most commonly used graphemes tor each consonant sound are found in the table below.

Graphemes

Sound
'b' as in big

b (bat! bb (rabbit!

'c' as in cal

c (clean) ck (pack) eh (schooll k (kite) cc (occupy) que (cheque)

'eh' liS in chin

eh (church) teh (watch)

'd' as in dog

d (doll) dd (rudder) ed (talked)

Tasin fat

f (fed) ff (giraffe) ph (phone) gh (laugh)

'g' as in get

g (goat) g g (egg) gu (guide) gh (ghost)

'h' as in hat
. .
tas lnJam

h (have) wh (who)

'I' as in look

I (lot) II (hill) Ie (little)

'm' as in met
.
n as In now

m (mother) mm (hammer) mb (climb) 1m (calm) m n (autumn)

j (jet) g (giant) dge (hedge) gg (suggest)

n (nurse) nn (fllnner) kn (knot)

ng as In sing

ng (strong ) n (sink)

'p' as in pot
.
r as In flln

p (pin) pp (ripped)

's' as in sat

s (sun) ss (toss) c (cent) ce (rice) sc (scene)

'sh' as in ship

sh (sheep) s (sugar) ss (pressure) ch (machine) ci (special) ti (station) si (tension)

'\' as in tap

t (tent) tt (written) th (Thomas) ed (cooked)

'th' as in thin

th (think)

'th' as in then

th (that) the (breathe)

'

r (red) rr (carry) wr (write)

.
v as lnvan

v (vase) f (of)

w as I n was

w (watch) wh (when)

'x' as in box
.
y as In yes

x (fox) cks (socks)


y (yell)

'z' as in zebra

z (zip) zz (fizz) s (has)

'zh' as in measure

s (treasure) si (television)

English

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Prefixes
Manlng

Prefl.

Teacher notes

Ellamp/e(s}

II nti

opposed, against

antiseptic

bi-

two, twice

bicycle

bie-

life

biography

circum

around

circumference

".

together

cooperate

contra-

opposite, against

contradict

d,

away, from, down

defer, descend

dis

apart

disconnect

en em

make

enable, embrace

".

former

ex-premier

for-

oot

forget

fore-

before

forecast

91gll-

billion

gigabyte

hyper-

over, exclusive

hyperactive

i l-

oot

illegal

not, in

incomplete, inside

Im-Ir

oot

impossible, irregular

inter-

between, among

interview

mal

wrong

malfunction

mega-

million

megabyte

micro-

small

microscope

milli

thousand

millilitre

mini-

small

miniskirt

mis-

wrongly

misjudge

non-

oot

nonsense

out

outside, detached

outpatient

post-

after

postgraduate

pre

before

preheat

".

again, back

repeat, return

seml-

ha If

semicircle

sub-

under

submarine

super-

over, above

superhuman

trans-

across

transport

tri-

three, triple

tricvcle

".

oot

undone

unl

one, single

uniform

with-

against, away

withhold

. .

Eng/ish - Back To Basics

Suffixes
Suffix

Meaning

Teacher notes

EJlsmple(sj

-able, ible

capable of, for

adaptable, possible

-ai, -ieal

of, relating to

maternal, magical

."

like

circular

-er, -or

one who

farmer, actor

-ate

to make

aggravate

-lilian

act of

invitation

-dom

state of

freedom

-or, or

one who

larmer, actor

ess

feminine of nouns

princess

-fold

number of parts, limes

twofold

-lui

able 10, full of

helpful, plateful

Ion

action, state, quality

consideration, promotion

Isa

make into

humanise

-ish

belonging, like

girlish, Swedish

Ism

state, quality, act of

heroism, baptism

-ist

one who

artist

Ive

like, connected with

native, protective

-less

without

childless

Iy

like, how, when

manly, darkly, yearly

menl

result, state, quality of

achievement, judgment

-OilS

filII of

nervolls

-phobia

fear, dread

claustrophobia

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Word origins

Teacher notes

LATIN ROOT WORDS

Meaning

Root word

EXllmple(s}

scribe

writing

describe, inscribe, scribble, prescribe, transcribe

port

carry

transport, portable, report, export, import, support

p,d

foot

pedestrian, pedal. pedestal. impede, expedition

spire

breathe

inspire, conspire. respire, transpire

mit

send, leI go

transmit, omit, admit, permit, remil

fact

make, do

manufacture, factor, faction, satisfaction, factory

duee, duct

to lead

conduct, introduce, produce, educate, conductor

capi!

head

capital, captain. decapitate, capitulate

fI"

flow

fluid,fluent, influence, affluent, effluent

manu

hand

manual, manufacture, manuscript, manipulate

aqua,aque

water

aquatic, aquarium, aquaplane, aqueduct, Aquarius

"d

hear

audio,audience, audible, audition

annu

year

annual. anniversary, biannual, annuity

bene

well

benefit, beneficial, benefactor, beneficiary, benevolent

prem, prim

first

primary, prime, primitive, primer, premier

unus

0"'

unit

d"

two

duet

tres

three

triangle

quatuor

four

quarter

qUinque

five

quintet

'"

'"

sextuplet

septum

seven

September (7'" month on Roman calendar)

octo

eight

octopus

novem

nme

November (9'" month on Roman calendar)

decem

Ie"

decimal

centum

hundred

century

mille

thousand

millimetre

GREEK ROOT WORDS

Meaning

Root word

Example(_}

meter, metre

measure

centimatre, millimetre, thermometer, barometer, pedometer,


speedomater

micro

small

microscopic, microscope, microphone

aero

'"

aeronaut, aerate, aeroplane, aerl al

sphere

globe, ball

atmosphare, stratosphere, hemisphere

tele

far off

telephone, teleport, televise, talevision

logy

word, knowledge,
science of

psychology, biology, zoology, neurology

auto

self

automatic, autobiogra phy, autogra ph, automobile

logos

word, reason

logic, logistic, logical

xvii

Eng/ish

Back To Basics

Words commonly misspelt

Teacher notes

LIST 1

English

about

choose

friend

none

their

ache

colour

guess

ocean

though

address

coming

half

ohen

through

afraid

cough

heard

once

together

8galn

could

hospital

people

tomorrow

agree

country

hour

picture

tonight

almost

couple

hungry

piece

touch

always

COliSIn

important

please

trouble

among

daughter

insect

promise

Tuesday

answer

decide

instead

question

uncle

""Y

definite

interesting

quick

used

around

different

invite

ready

useful

August

difficult

January

reason

vegetable

a lint

discuss

knew

remember

vOice

aulumn

doctor

know

rough

Wednesday

balloon

does

lately

said

welcome

beautiful

don't

laugh

separate

where

because

done

library

September

which

been

during

listen

sign

who

beginning

early

lose

since

women

behaviour

easy

making

some

won't

bicycle

eight

many

someone

would

breakfast

every

meant

special

write

built

exercise

message

spread

writing

business

famous

might

straight

wrong

busy

February

minute

strange

wrote

b,y

finish

naughty

sure

yesterday

careful

forgotten

nearly

surprise

Back To Basics

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Prim-Ed Publishing"

Words commonly misspelt

Teacher notes

LIST 2
accident

customer

incident

private

adventure

damage

information

procedure

aeroplane

decoration

injury

punishment

altogether

delicious

instrument

pure

ambulance

disappointing

intelligent

PYjamas

amusing

discovery

jealous

quantity

anxIous

disgraceful

knowledge

reasonable

appear

distract

lawyer

recreation

appreciate

division

league

religion

argument

doubt

machine

repair

assembly

election

malerial

request

association

electric

medicine

scarce

athlete

enormous

migrate

separate

attendance

enough

multiplication

serious

audience

excitement

museum

silence

Buthor

extreme

musical

skilful

automatic

failure

mystery

subtraction

avenue

fashion

necessary

support

awful

favourite

neighbour

surround

balance

finally

nephew

technology

believe

forty

nervous

unknown

careless

frequent

niece

valuable

celebrate

generous

opln!on

variety

centre

gradual

oxygen

visitor

certain

heritage

parliament

weary

chocolate

hesitate

passenger

weight

comfortable

honest

permIssIon

weird

committee

horrible

persuade

yacht

conversation

imagination

physical

youth

curtain

immediately

population

xix

Eng/ish

Back To Basics

Words commonly misspelt

Teacher notes

LIST 3
accessories

convenient

foreigner

irrelevant

outrageous

silhouette

acquaintance

cooperate

fortunately

irreplaceable

paralyse

sincerely

acqUire

courageous

freight

irresponsible

participant

sophisticated

admittance

CUriOUS

fugitive

ftinerBrY

permitted

spaghetti

adolescence

deceased

furious

jewellery

phenomenon

spontaneous

anniversary

definite

gauge

kidnapped

pneumonia

statistics

anonymous

desperate

genuine

knowledgeable

politician

successful

appalling

diabetes

glamorolls

labelled

possession

sufficient

Arctic

diarrhoea

government

legendary

possibility

supervisor

assistance

difference

grammar

limousine

professional

surgeon

asthmatic

disappearance

grieve

maintenance

pronunciation

SUSpICIOUS

basically

disapproval

guarantee

manageable

prosecute

technique

bouquet

disastrous

guard

manually

protein

therapeutic

boutique

discipline

hallucination

millionaire

questionnaire

tragedy

bureau

discrimination

harass

miraculous

queue

transferred

campaign

discussion

hereditary

mortgage

reassurance

twelfth

casualty

disease

hilarious

muscle

rebellious

unanimous

cautious

disinfectant

humorous

mysterious

receipt

unconscIous

cemetery

distinguish

hypothetical

nausea

recommend

unique

chauffeur

documentary

hysterical

negotiate

referee

unnecessary

choreography

economically

Ignorance

numerous

regretted

vaccinate

coincidence

efficient

illiterate

nutritious

rehabilitation

vague

colleague

eightieth

imaginative

obedient

relevant

visibility

commercial

electrician

immaculate

obese

responsibility

volunteered

commitment

embarrass

inappropriate

obscene

restaurant

vulnerable

communicate

encourage

independence

obsessive

resuscitate

wintry

competitive

escalator

indigenous

occasion

rhythm

worshipped

concussion

essential

ineligible

occurred

rumour

congratulations

eventually

ingredient

offence

satellite

conscientious

fascinate

inseparable

omitted

schedule

conscIous

fatigue

intermediate

opportunity

siege

controversial

fierce

interrupt

ordinary

significant

Englis
h

Back To Basics

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Prim-Ed Publishing"

Words easily confused or misused

Teacher notes

LIST 1
Words

Exampl

angellangle

We putthe angel on the Christmas tree. A triangle might have 11 right angle.

as/like

I did as I was told. I was like my sister.

ate/eaten

I ate breakfast. I have eaten breakfast.

beat/beaten

We will beallhem. We should have beaten them.

became/become

She became II star. She will become a star.

began/begun

He began the work. He has begun to work.

been/being

I have been to school. I like being at school.

beside/besides

I stood beside him. Who, besides your dad, is home?

blew/blown

The wind blew. The papers have blown away.

breath/breathe

He took a deep breath. He can breathe deeply.

can/may/might

She can do that. May I do that1 1 may do that. I might be able to do that.

came/come

She came late. They will come later.

chose/choose

I chose the apple. I will choose an apple.

dairy/diary

The milk came from the dairy. He wrote in his diary.

desert/dessert

The desert was dry. He deserted them. We had icecream for dessert.

did/done

He did the work. He has done the work.

forgot/forgotten

She forgot the number. He has forgotten to bring it.

gave/give

She gave me the book. I will give you the book.

gone/went

He has gone to school. She went to school.

hid/hidden

Mum hid the Christmas presents. The presents were hidden from us.

its/it's

The dog is wagging its tail. It's a sunny day.

knew/know/known

I knew the teacher. I know who she is. I wish I had known before.

laid/lain

It was laid on the table. It had lain on the table for a while.

learn/teach

I had to learn the words. She can teach me how to do it.

lend/borrow

I will lend you the book. May I borrow the book?

loose/lose

These trousers feel loose. Don't lose your phone.

meter/metre

The meter was running. It was a metre long.

of/off

I was tired of working. I took off my hat.

outdoor/outdoors

Cricket is an outdoor sport. We played it outdoors.

passed/past

I passed the test. I walked past her.

pra ctice/pra ctise

He is going to football practice. He will practise his skills.

prin cipaVprinc i pie

She is the principal of the school. She followed a basic principle.

quiet/quite

I was very quiet. It was quite funny.

rapt/wrapped

I was rapt with the result. I wrapped a present.

risen/rose

The sun had risen before I woke. The sun rose before I did.

role/roll

She played the role of a doctor. She ate a salad roll for lunch.

showed/shown

I showed her where I lived. He has shown me the way to go.

storey/story

They lived on the top storey of the building. I read the story.

thei r/there/they're

That is their house. They live there. They're going out.

threw/through

I threw the ball. I walked through the room.

tore/torn

He tore the shirt he was wearing. The shirt is torn.

wear/where/we're

I will wear the dress. Where are you? We"re going to school.

went/gone

They went an hour ago. They have already gone.

who/which

I have two brothers who are older. I have two kittens which are cute.

who's/whose

Who"s leaving now? Do you know whose dog it is?

Eng/ish

Back To Basics

Words easily confused or misused

Teacher notes

LIST 2
Rootword

Example(s}

lie ce pI/except

Please accept this gift. Everyone went except Drew.

ad dilion/edition

I completed the addition problems. There is II new edition of that book.

advice/advise

She asked for my advice. I would advise you to finish it.

affect/effect

She was affected by the news. It had II good effect on her.

amend/emend

They should amend the rule. He needs to emend (edit) his work.

ballet/ballot

Her ballet dress was beautiful. We needed II ballot paper to vote.

belief/believe

My belief is Ihllt you will do well. I believe you will win.

charted/chartered

He charted the data. He chartered II boat forthe day.

e onli n uaVcontin uous

She was in continual pain. It was II continuous line.

coun cillor!c ounsellor

The local councillor approved the plans. The counsellor listened to her.

depe ndant/depe ndent

The woman had two dependants. The child was dependent on her mother.

device/devise

The electronic device was expensive. She had to devise a new plan.

elicit/illicit

He tried to elicit information. The drug was illicit.

eligi ble/legible

The school was eligible for the grant. Her writing was legible.

emigrant/immigrant

The emigrant leit his country. The immigrant arrived in his new country.

emission/omission

There was a gas emission. The omission of her name was an oversight.

employee/employer

The new employee worked hard. The boss was their employer.

forgave/forgiven

I easily forgave my best friend. I told her she was forgiven.

forma Ily/formerly

I was dressed formally. I was formerly at another address.

human/humane

He is a human being. They had to treat the animal in a humane way.

lic en ce/lic ense

He had a driver's licence. He had to license the car.

mediate/meditate

She had to mediate between the groups. I took time to meditate and relax.

mistaken/mistook

I was mistaken about the time. I mistook the time it would take.

overtaken/overtook

They had overtaken the slow car. They overtook the car.

premier/premiere

The premier is the state leader. We went to the film premiere.

proof/prove

You need the right proof first. You will have to prove it's true.

refuge/refugee

He took refuge from the storm. The refugee arrived from another country.

review/revue

Write a review of the book. The musical revue was very funny.

scared/scarred

I was scared of the dark. The burn scarred my skin.

scraped/scrapped

She scraped her knee when she fell. r scrapped the work r was doing.

stationary/stationery

The train was stationary. The stationery included pencils.

suit/suite

He wore the new suit to the party. We stayed in an expensive hotel suite.

summary/summery

The summary was very brief. It was a fine, summery day.

English - Back To Basics

nii

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o
English -Back To Basics

oar. ore

Phonics

Answers
I.

2.

(. ( roar

( bl soar

(,I board

(dl hoarse

(, I oars

(I)

(. I more

( bl sore

(,I lore

(dl wore

(, I pore

(I)

core

(01 store

(hI score

!i)

chore

( k( shore

(I)

before

(. I wore

( bl lore

(,I score

(dl bored

(,I chore

(I)

( bl board

(,I stofe

(j)
3.

bored

4. (. I sore

aboard

core

(dl more

Eng/ish

- Back To Basics

oar. ore
1. Write oar to finish the words in each sentence.

(a) You can hear the lions r


Ibl Birds can s

at the zoo.
high in the sky.

Icl My friends and I played a b

d game.

Idl I had a cough and my voice was very h


lei You need two

se.

s to row a small boat.

____

IfI Be careful when you step ab


w

::0

d the yacht.

2. Write ore to finish the words.

la I m

Ibl s

Ic I t

IdI w

lei p

IfI c

Ig I st

I hi sc

Ii I

I kl sh

I II bef

--'
-

"-

:::>

"-

Ij)

ch

3. Write one of the ore words above to finish the sentences.

lal y esterday, I

______

Ibl I fell over and

my school shirt.

______

a hole in my trousers.

Icl D o you know what the football game's


Idl I'm

______

is?

when there is no-one to play with.

lei My main

every day is to make the bed.

IfI Finish the apple and put the

in the bin.

4. Choose the right word.

lal I had a small Isore soar on my foot.


Ibl The teacher wrote the words on the b ored I board I.

Icl My sister went to the store I shoreI to buy a dress.

Idl I can read a lot Imore pore books this year.


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PrlmEd Pubiishlr.g"

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English -Back To Basics

air, a

Phonics

Answers
I . Teacher check drawings.

2.

3.

(. ( hai r

( b( fair

(, ( pair

(d( chair

(,I stairs

(I.) fairy

(01 dairy

(hI hairy

(. I banana

( bl extra

(,I carner!!

(d) China

(,I umbrella

(1.1 zebra

(. I hair, fair

( bl pair, stairs

(,I dairy

(d) china

(,I fare, fair

(I.)

camera,zebra

Eng/ish Back To Basics

,...

air, a
1. Write air to finish the words. Draw a picture for each.

I cI

I bI

la I

Idl

lei

If)

ch

Igi

I hi

::0

z
-'

st

"
:::>
"-

2. Add a to each word. Write the correct word for each 'What am I?'
Chi nl

lal I am a yellow fruit.

zebr

Ibl I am something lett over.

extr

lei I am used for taking photographs.

camer

Idl I am a big country with lots of people.

banan

lei I am used to keep you dry when it is raining.

umb re lll

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

IfI I am a black and white animal.

3. Choose the correct word.

I l ryl has lfairylfairl skin.


The Ipearlpairl of chairs were under the Istairs IstaresI
The cows in the l hai ryldairyl need milking.
Grandma used her good Ichina IChinaI for the party.
We paid the Ifairlfarel for the train to the IfairIfaref
I used my IcameraIdramal to take a picture of the IextraIzebra I

lal The girl with blonde hair hai


Ibl
lei
Idl
lei
If)
. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

PrlmEd Pubiishlr.g"

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. .

. .

. .

. .

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. .

. .

. .

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English -Back To Basics

war. au

Phonics

Answers
( b( warn

( ,) reward

(d) ward

( ,) swarm

(I) w.rt

(0) wardrobe

(h) dwarf

(. ) sauce

( b) saucer

( ,) launch

(d) haunt

( ,) laundry

(I(

( b) rewarded

( ,) rewarding

I. (. (

2.

3 . (. )

warm

pause

warm, August

(b) astronaut, launch

4. (. ) rewards

Eng/ish Back To Basics

war. au
1. Write war to finish the words in each sentence.

(a) The days are very


(b) A car alarm will

m in summer.

_____

_____

Icl The police gave a re

d when they caught the robber.

_____

Idl She is in the children's

d at the hospital.

_____

(e) I was scared when I saw the s


If) I had an ugly
::0

z
--'

_____

m of bees.

t on my finger.

_____

Igi All my clothes are hanging in the

n you if someone tries to break in.

drobe?

_____

Ihl I wonder if Snow White had a favourite d

f.

_____

2. Add au to finish each word. Use the correct word to complete each question.

a.

p
s,

se

lal Do you like tomato

,ce

Ibl Do you ever use a cup and a

__

___

______

I, __,ndry Icl Have you seen a rocket


11

h
s,

Idl Do you think a ghost can

nt

lei Do you help Mum with the

__

,cer If) Can you use the

___

_______

_______

lnch

___

on your food?

a house?

_______

_______

button on the CD

_______

player?
3. Circle each word with a war or au sound. Draw the pictures.

lal Something that will cool you on


a warm August day.

(b) An astronaut near the rocket


launch pad.

4. Finish the words.

lal re,
. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

__

. .

. .

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. .

. .

,ds

. .

. .

Ibl re,

,ded

. .

. .

. .

www.pr!m-ed.com

. .

. .

. .

, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

"

"

"

"

re

Icl

__

"

"

"

"

"

"

lding

__

"

"

,. "

. . . .

"

,. "

. . . . . . . . . . .

English -Back To Basics

thr. shr

Phonics

Answers
I.

2.

3.

(. ( three

( bl throw

(,I throat

(dl thread

(, I throne

(I) through

(. I shrink

( bl shrub

(,I shred

(dl shrug

(, I shriek

(I) shrimp

(. I three, shmbs
(bl shrunken, thread

4. (. I throw, threw
(bl shrink, shrunk
(, I through, threw

Eng/ish Back To Basics

thr. shr
1. Write thr to finish the words. Use the correct word to complete each sentence.
one

la I My brother had

ead

I bl I can

ee

I c I My

ough

I d I You need a needle and

ow

lei A king or queen sits on a

oat
w

candles on his cake.


the ball a long way.
hurt when I was sick.
to sew.

I fl I like to walk

the park.

2. Write shr to finish the words. Use the correct word to complete each sentence.

::0

I al Be careful not to

ed

the clothes in the wash.

--'
-

C>:::>
C>-

Imp

I bl The

iek

I c I Dad had to

ub

Idl I saw him

ink

lei She made a loud

__

ug

__

in the garden had red flowers.


the papers.
when he didn't know the answer.
______

If) The seafood I like best is

when she saw the mouse.

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

3. Circle the thr or shr sound. Draw the pictures.

Ibl A shrunken jumper with coloured


thread.

lal Three green shrubs with blue


flowers.

4. Choose the right word.

I ithrowIthrewI the ball.


I I l
It wili ishrinkishrunkI. It has Is hrinkIshrunkI.
I walked IthrewIthroughl the garden. Mark lthrewlthroughI the ball.

lal I can throw threw the ball.


Ibl
lei

.. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
,

PrlmEd Pubiishlr.g"

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"

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English -Back To Basics
"

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, '

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spr. scr

Phonics

Answers
(. ( spray

( bl sprinkles

(,I sprint

(dl spread

(, I Spring

(I) sprout

2.

(. I spree

( bl sprinkler

3.

(. I scream

( bl screen

(,I scratch

(dl scrub

(,I screw

(I) scribble

I.

4. (. I scruffy, scratch
(bl scribbled, scrap

Eng/ish

- Back To Basics

10

spr. scr
,. Write spr to finish the words in each sentence.

lal Emily used a

ay to make her hair shiny.

Ibl Mum put chocolate


Icl Mark had to

int to not miss the bus.

Idl I like iam


lei

inkles on the cupcakes.

ead on my toast.
ing is the best season of the year.

___

If) The vegetable seeds we planted started to


w

::0

z
--'

'out.

____

2. Circle the spr words. Draw the pictures.

Ibl Three children playing


under a sprinkler.

lal Two things you might buy


on a shopping spree.

"
:::>
"-

3. Write ser to finish the words. Use the correct word to complete each sentence.
ibble

lal How loudly can you

ew

Ibl There is a

ub

Icl I have a long

earn

Idl I always

atch

lei I watched Dad

een

If)

__

__

__

__

__

__

_______

_______

on each window.

______

______

my feet clean in the shower.

_______

My baby sister can only

on my arm.

in the light bulb.

_______

her name.

4. Circle the scr words. Draw a picture for one of the sentences.

lal A scruffy boy with a big scratch


on his leg.
Ibl A name scribbled on a scrap of paper.

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11

English -Back To Basics

squ. str

Phonics

Answers
I.

(. ( squirt

( bl squeeze

(,I squeal

(dl squeak

(, I square

(I) squid

(g I squirrel

(hI squad

HI

(. I squirt

( bl squeak

(el squirrel

(dl square

(,I squid

(. I street

( bl straw

(,I stream

(dl strap

(,I stretcher

(I) strawberry

(gl streamer

(hI string

(j)
2.

3.

squat

squash

4. (. I strav. street
(dl strong, strap

( bl square, straight

(,I squid, stream

(, I Squeeze, strawberries

Eng/ish

- Back To Basics

12

squ. str
,. Write squ to finish the words. Draw a picture for each.

la I
If)

irt Ibl

__

id

__

eeze lei

__

irrel

Igi

__

Ihl

__

__

,eal Idl
,ad Iii

,eak lei

are

___

,at

__

___

ash

Ijl

___

2. Write a squ word from above to finish the questions. Answer each with yes or no.

(a) Would you ever


Ibl Does a mouse
lei Does a
w

::0

water at someone?

_
_
_
_
_

_______

_______ have a bushy tail?

Idl Can you draw a


(e) Does a

_______

_______

_______

with four sides the same?

_
_
_
_
_

swim in the sea?

-'

3. Write str to finish each word. Draw a picture.

=>
a.

Ia I

lei

;===::,e"e,,-t---,

__

etcher

Ibl

If)

I cI

aw

__,awberry

Igi

a"
"', Id
1
P
:",
====

e:
am
="
==

___

eamer

Ihl

___

lOg

4. Choose the correct word.

lal The Istrayl strawI dog was on the busy IstreetlstretchI .


Ibl You need to draw a IsquirmIsquarel withl straightl strangel lines.
lei There are no Isquid IsquadI living in the Istream Istrand.1
Idl The Istresslstrongl man had to tie the Istrap Istrawl on the load.
lei ISqueezeI Squeall the chocolate sauce on the IstretcherIstrawberriesI
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English -Back To Basics

ch. tch

Phonics

Answers
I.

(. ( bunch
(dl

branch

(g I punch
(j)
2.

3.

(,I crunch

(, I bench

(I)

lunch

(hI brunch

HI

ranch

( bl Brunch, lunch

(,I bench

pinch

(. I bunch
(dl

( bl munch

ranch

(, I branch

(. I catch

( bl watch

match

(,I snatch

(dl

(,I patch

4. Teacher check pupils' drawings.

Eng/ish Back To Basics

14

ch. tch
1. Write ch to finish the words.

lal bun
IfI lun

__

__

Ibl mun,

Icl cru n

Igi pun

Ihl brun

__

__

__

__

Idl bra n
Iii

ran,

__

_
_
_

lei ben,
Ijl pin

__

__

2. Use a ch word from above to finish the sentences.

lal Dad bought a


IbI

______

______

i s the meal between breakfast and

(e) Two friends were sitting on a


w

::0

_
_
_
_
_
_
_

______

Idl You would find lots of cattle at a


lei The

of flowers for Mum's birthday.

in the park.

______.

_______

of the tree broke in the strong wind.

--'

3. Write tch to finish the words. Write the correct word for each question.
Answer each with yes or no.
pa

__

lal Can you

______

sna

Ibl Do you

ma,

Icl Would a pirate wear an eye

ca

Idl Have you ever been to a cricket

_
_
_

_
_
_

_
_
_

wa

_
_
_

a basketball?

_______

lei Would you

television?

_
_
_

______

______

_______

_
_
_

a toy from a friend?

_
_
_

_
_
_

_
_
_

4. These words can have different meanings. Read the sentences, then draw a picture for
each.

Ibl The football match was on TV.


He lit a match to start the fire.

(a) I wear a watch on my wrist.


I like to watch Mum cooking.

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English -Back To Basics

ure. lne

Phonics

Answers
I . I. I

2.

I bl nature

1,1 adventure

Idl future

I, I furniture

(I.) fracture

Ig I

creature

IhI puncture

I. I furniture

I bl puncture

picture

1,1 creature

3 . Answers will vary.

4. (a) machine (bl trampoline (el magazine (d) submarine


5. I. I tambourine

Idl fracture

I bl margarine

1,1 sardine

I,I future

(I.)

mandarine

Eng/ish

- Back To Basics

16

ure. lne

1. These words all end in ure. Write the ending to finish the words.

L
lal p ict

L
Ibl nat

_
_
_

L
If) fract

lei furnit
L

_
_
_

_
_
_

L
Icl advent

Idl futL

L
Igi creat

L
Ihl punct

_
_

_
_
_

_
_
_

_
_
_

_
_
_

2. Circle each ure word. Draw the picture.

lal A piece of furniture


in the room.

Ibl A bicycle with a lyre


puncture.

Icl An ugly creature.

::0

:::>

3. (a) Where would you like to go for an adventure?

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

a.

Ibl What do you like most about nature?

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

Icl What job would you like in the future?

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

4. These words all end in ine. Write the ending to finish the words.

lal mach

Ibl trampol

Icl magaz

__

_
_
_

Idl submar

__

5. What am I? Write the correct word.

fracture

(a) I am a musical instrument.

mandarine

Ibl You can spread me on bread.

tambourine

Icl I am a little fish.

future

Idl I am a small break in a bone.

sardine

lei I am the opposite of the past.

margarine

IfI I am a small orange fruit.


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English -Back To Basics

tion. ous

Phonics

Answers
I . I. I

Id)

station

I b) fiction

I,) direction

action

I, ) addition

II)

I b) fraction

I,) attention

I b) dangerous

I,) enormOllS

I,) pOlsonOllS

(I)

2.

I. ) section

3.

'"'

4. I. ) famous
Id)

collection

collection

intersection

Eng/ish Back To Basics

18

tion. ous
1. Write tion to finish the words. Use the correct word to complete each sentence.
direc,
addil

_
_
_

_
_
_

-'

c;:
:::>
a.

______,

Ibl The made-up book was a work of

co ll ec__

lei Thewind is blowing in a different

sta

Idl I like

_
_
_

lei We learn how to do

fic:

If)

_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

______

______

ac.

_
_
_
_

lal We waited for the train at the

films better than cartoons,

______

The library has a big

_______

in maths,
of books,

2. Circle the Non words. Answer the questions.

I front I ImiddleI I back I

(a) What section of the room do you sit in?


Ibl Is one half a fraction?

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

lei Do you pay attention to your teacher?


3. What letters do these words end in?

famous

serious

nervous

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

dangerous

enormous

pOisonous

4. Circle the ous and tion words. Draw a picture for each.

(a) a famous person

Ibl a dangerous thing


to do

(e) an enormous
animal

Idl a collection of things


you like

(e) a poisonous creature

(f) four cars at a traffic


intersection

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Spelling and word srudy

Base words
TEACHER INFORMATION
The bass word is the main part of the word; e.g. independent.
Prefixes and suffixes are added to II base word to change its meaning. These new
words are called derivatives.

Answers
I. (. (

(d l

,,'

( bl sleep

(,I walk

happy

(,I plav

(II lall

(hI write

HI

talking

talked

washing

washes

(gI do

(j)

cold

rest

2. (. I talks
(bl washed

unwashed

(, I kinder

kindest

unkind

(d l locked

locking

unlock

J3

unlocked
3. (. I coldest

( bl untidy

(,I sleeps

(d l cooking

(,I talked

(I)

(g I unfinished

(hI repainting

likes

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Base words
A base word is the main part of a word. Letters can be added to the front or the end
of a base word.
Example: cooked cooking
1. Circle each of the base words.

la) eating
If) tallest

Ib) sleeps
Ig) doing

Id) unhappy
Ii) colder

walked
Ih) rewrite
Ie)

Ie) playful
Ij ) rested

2. Write the base words.

la) I can talk.

Ib) I will wash the dog.

He
w

s a lot.
.

They are

::0

She

--'

ed the dog.
I am

ng.

ed to me.

ing the dog.

He

es the dog.

e>.
:::>
e>.

The dog is un
Ie)

I am kind.
He is

Id) I will lock the door.

_____

She is the

ed.

,er.

_____

,est.

I am

_____

They are un

_____

Can you un

_____

,ed the door.


,ing the door.

_____

The door is unl

the door, please?


'ed.

_____

3. Choose a base word from the list on the right to finish each sentence.

I a) It is the

est day of the year.

I b) My room is very un
Ie) The baby

s all night.

Id) Dad is

ing our dinner.

Ie) Mum
If) He really

sleep

ed to the teacher.
,s

_______

Ig) My work is un'


Ih) We were re

football.
ed.

_______

_______

paint

finish

l ike

, ng the walls.

27

English -Back To Basics

Prefixes

uno. re-

Spelling and word srudy

TEACHER INFORMATION
A prolix is one or more letters added to the beginning of II base word to change
its meaning; e.g. dislike, unhappy, replay, irresponsible, misunderstood, improper,
disappear, preheat, illegal.

Answers
I.

(. ( uncover

( bl undone

(,I unfair

(dl unfold

(,I unpack

(I) unplug

(,I unlucky

(hI unsafe

(i)

(. I happy, unhappy

( bl pack, unpack

(,I lucky, unlucky

(dl wrap, unwrap

(,I fair, unfair

(I(

( bl return

(,I reuse

(dl retrace

(,I rewind

(II

refresh

(, I redo

(hI remake

HI

reprint

(. I relurn

( bl recharge

(,I repaint

(dl replay

(,I reuse

(I)

(j)

unwrap

unlike

2. Answers will vary.


Opposites are:

3. (. I repaint

(j)

like, unlike

J3

recharge

4. Answers will vary.


Words with re are:

retell

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Prefixes

uno, re-

The prefix 'un' means n ot, or opposite.


Example: unhappy means n o t ha ppy
A prefix is put in front of a base word.
1. Write un in front of each word.

la)

cover Ib)

done I c)

fair

I d)

fold

If)

plug

lucky I h)

safe

Ii)

wrap Ii)

Ig )

pack

Ie)

like

2. Write your answer to these questions. Circle the opposite words.

la) Are you feeling happy or unhappy today?


w

::0

z
--'
-

"-

:::>

"-

I b) Do you pack or unpack your bag after school?


I c) Do you think you are a lucky or unlucky person?
Id) Would you like to wrap or unwrap a present?
Ie) Do you think your teacher makes fair or unfair rules?
If) Are you like or unlike your parents?
The prefix 're' means back or again.
Example: replay - play again or play back.
3. Write re in front of each word.

la)
If)

__

paint Ib)

fresh Ig)

__

turn

Ic)

do

I h)

__

__

use

Id)

__

remake Ii)

__

trace Ie)

__

__

print Ij )

wind

__

__

charge

4. Write your answer to these questions. Circle the words with reo

la) Which place would you like to return to?


Ib) What might need a battery recharge?
(e)

_
_____________

_
______________

What colour would you like to repaint the classroom?

Id) What film do you like to replay?

(e) What is something you reuse at home?


If) What nursery rhyme can you retell?

_________
_

_
_

_
______________

_
_______________

English -Back To Basics

Suffixes - -er. -less

Spelling and word srudy

TEACHER INFORMATION
A suffix is one or more letters added to the end of 11 base word to add to its
meaning; e.g. careless, helpful, thinly, walker, agreement, talking, breakable,
famous, neatness, selfish.

Answers
I. I. I

Ibl older

1,1 harder

Idl quicker

1,1 higher

II)

101 soher

Ihl slower

lower

2. I. I teacher
Idl worker

3. I. I baker
Idl user

Ibl cleaner

younger

(el owner

I,I walker
Ibl writer

(el skater

I,I driver

4. Answers will vary.


Df

words are:

I. I younger, older, teacher

J3

Ibl baker
I, I taller, shorter
Idl smaller, larger
I,I warmer, colder

5. The suffix less


6.

I. I

homeless

Idl helpless

Ibl careless

1,1 harmless

I,I sleepless

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Suffixes

-er. -less

The suffix 'er' goes at the end of a base word.


Example: fast - faster
1. Write a new word by adding er.

lal low'

_
_

lei high

__

Ibl old

Icl hard,

__

IfI young

Idl quick

_
_

Igi soft_

_
_

Ihl slow,

_
_

_
_

2. Write er to make a new word that is something a person can be.

lal teach

__

Ibl clean

__

Icl own

__

Idl work

__

lei walk

3. These words end in e. Write a newer word; e.g. ma ke - ma ker


w

::0

lal bake

__

Ibl write

__

Icl skate

__

Idl use

__

lei drive,

__

4. Write your answer to these questions. Circle the er words.

":::>
"-

(a) Are you younger or older than your teacher?


Ibl What are two things a baker would make?
(e)

Are you taller or shorter than your best friend?

(d) Is a mouse smaller or larger than a bee?


(e) Do you feel warmer or colder near a heater?
5. Which suffix is added to the words below?
helpless

careless

harmless

sleepless

homeless

6. Choose the correct word above to finish each sentence.

I al The lamily was

after their house caught fire.

I b I I was

and rushed through my work.

I c I The dog is

because it doesn't bite.

Idl I felt

after I fell and broke my arm.

lei I had a
crying.

night because the baby kept

31

English -Back To Basics

Words in words

Spelling and word srudy

Answers
I.

(. ( ' "'

( b) eod

( , ) i",

"'w

( , ) lit/it/I

(I)

co

(g) the/her/he

(h) read

HI

"'

( b) dolor

( , ) eat/atill

( ,) man/an/a

(I)

(d)

(j)

w.

2. (. ) a/round
(d) in/sidell

3. (. )

II,

near/earfa/early

an, not, her, he, the, no, other

4. Answers will vary.


5.
6.

1'>1

I angle/a/an

(a) male - ate, II, mat, lit


(bl nothing - thin, thing, in, I no, not

7.

Small words to be used in each sentence are:


(a) pen, end
(bl eat, at, II

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Words in words
1. Find and write a small word in each word.

lal fear

__

IfI once

__

Ibl friend
Igi other

__

__

lei funny
Ihl ready

__

__

Idl knew
iii use

lei little

__

__

iii were

__

__

2. Find and write two small words in each word.

lal around
Idl inside

__
__
_
_

__
_

_ _
_

Ibl doetor
lei many

_
_

_
_

_
_

_
_

lei great

_
_

If) nearly

_
_

_
_

_
_

3. Find and write the eight small words in ano ther.


w

::0

4. lal Write your name.

_
__
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

Ibl Write any small words in it.

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

5. Draw a triangle. Draw a rectangle.


What small word is in both words?

6. faJ Find the four small words in ma te and circle them in the sentence.

The dog ate a bone on the mat at the door.


(b) Find the six small words in no thing and circle them in the sentence.

There was a thin thing in the garden and I said, 'No, I did not see it'.
7. (a) Write a sentence using the two small words in spend.

(b) Write a sentence using the three small words in great.

33

English -Back To Basics

Alphabetical order

Spelling and word srudy

Answers
I.

(. ( afraid

( bl happy

(,I because

(dl quick
2. (. I around, before, could, ever, friend (1, 2, 3, 4, 51
(bl again, doctor, easy, glass, high 12, 3, I, 4, 5)

(, I great, knew, tittle, nearly, other 13, 2, 5, 4,1)


(dl fear, might, nothing. please, would (2, 5, 4,1,3)

(,I August, July, November, October, September(2, 1, 5, 4, 3)


3. (. I Answers will vary.
4. (. I about

( bl February

(,I school

(dl many

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Alphabetical order
1. Look at the first letter in each word. Write the word that comes first alphabetical/y.

I aI
afraid
before
climb
doctor
easy
2. Write
w

::0

z
--'
-

"-

:::>

"-

I cI

Ib I
yesterday
where
happy
while
would

QJ 0 0 0

3. (al Write your firs t name:

please
ever
mate
because
fight

use
their
something
ready
quick

to show the alphabetical order.

0 before 0
Ibl doctor 0 easv O
knew 0
Icl little O
Idl might 0 would 0
AUgUst O
lei July 0
lal around

Id I

0 ever 0 friend 0
8g8in O
glaSS O
high 0
other 0
nearly 0 great 0
fear O
nothing 0
please 0
September 0 October 0 November 0
could

______

(bl Write the letters in alphabetical order.

last name:

_______
_

______________
_

4. The words in each group stan with the same letter.


L ook at the second letter and write the word that comes first alphabetically.

I aI

Ic I

I bI

Id I

another

fight

some

might

about

funny

seen

many

around

February

should

more

again

follow

school

myself

afraid

friend

sister

meat

35

English -Back To Basics

Silent consonants

Spelling and word srudy

TEACHER INFORMATION
COl1sonantswhich form digraphs (I.e. two letters making one sound) with other
consonants include:
b - after m; e.g. bomb, thumb
9 - before n; e.g.
h - after

sign gnome and with h; e.g. ghost


,

w; e.g. whip, whistle

k - before n; e.g. knee, knife


1- e.g. calm, talk
n - after m; e.g; hymn, autumn

p - before n, s and t; e,g; pneumonia. psychology. pterodactyl


1- after s;

e.g. castle, listen, rustle

w - before r; e.g; write, wring and before h; e.g. whole


Some consonants are silent when in a digraph with a vowel; e.g. island, ho nest.

Answers
I.

(. ( silent b - climb, lamb, crumb, thumb, comb

silent k - knew, know, knife


silent h -honest, hour, school, ghost

J3

silent 1- calm, volk, palm


silent c - sc i ence, scissors, scent
silent w - wrestle, wriggle, write
2. (. ( school

( b) yolk

( ,) kni fe

(d) thumb

( ,) sCience

(I)

sCissors

(, ) lamb

(h) hour

(i)

comb

(j)

palm

3. (. ) know, write
(b) our, wrestle

(, ) crumb, palm

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Silent consonants
1. All these words have a silent consonant. Use a coloured pencil to circle each silent
consonant.
knew
climb

kno w

lamb

knife

ca lm
honest
.

crumb

sCIence
.

thumb
comb

::0

z
--'

sCIssors
scent

hour

yolk
palm

school

wrestle

g host

wriggle
write

2. What am I? Write the word, choosing from those above. Circle the silent consonant
and draw a picture of the word.

lal I am a place where pupils learn.

"
:::>
"-

Ibl I am the yellow part of an egg.


(e)

You use me to cut food.

Idl I have one of these on each hand,


lei I am a subject at school,
IfI I can cut paper.
Igi I am a baby sheep,
(h) One of me is sixty minutes.
(i) Use me when you do your hair.
Ijl I am one side of your hand,
3, Choose the right word,

lal I didn't I knowIknewI how to IwriteI rightI the word,


Ibl AtlhouriourI school we are not allowed to I wrigglelwrestleI on the playground
equipment.
Icl I put a tinyl climbIcrumbI in the IcalmIpalmI of my hand,
37

English -Back To Basics

Syllables

Spelling and word srudy

TEACHER INFORMATION
A syllable is II unit of sound which contains one vowel sound. All words lire made
up of one or more syllables.

Prefixes and suffixes are usually separllte syllables; e.g. im/prove/ment.

Compound words are separate syllables; e,g. nota/book, out/sido, sun/shine.

When II word has double letters that sound like one consonant, separate
between these letters; e.g. yel/low. scrib/ble, gram/mar.
Words ending in tie, ble, die, pie, glo. cle, fie and zle are usually separate
syllables; e.g. whis/lle, sta/ble, han/die, sam/pie. jinigle, trea/cle,
rilfle, puz/zle.

Base words with II vowel - consonant -vowel pattern usually divide before the
consonant; e.g. pollice, dolnor, a/pen. de/lele, a/gent, si/lent.
Base words with a vowel - consonant - consonant - vowel pattern usually
divide between the consonants; e.g. doc/tor, pic/ture, cen!sus, oy/ster, con!
cert.

Answers
I. (. (

ev/er

( bl great/er

(,I near/ly

(,I a/gain

(I)

( bl sister

(,I sharpen

(til mower

(, I behind

(I) tiger

(,I able

(hI playing

(til doc/tor

in/side

J3

2. Answers will vary.


3. (. I today

4. one syllable - bed, or, got, the, dig, so


two syllables - pushing, because, Sunday, birthday, circle, morning

three syllables - November, family, Saturday, beautiful

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Syllables
A sylla ble forms a word or part of a word. All words have one or more syl/ables.
broken
yesterday

has two syl/ables

bro

and ken

has three syl/ables yes, ter and day


-

use has

only one syl/able

use

1. Write the syl/ables in each word.

lal ever

_
_

Idl doctor

__

_
_

__

Ibl greater

_
_

_
_

lei again

2. Write your name.

lei nearly

_
_

_
_

If) inside
Show the syl/ables.

How many syl/ables?

::0

z
--'

3. These groups of words have two syl/ables each. Match the two syl/ables, then write
the whole word.

"
:::>
"-

I al

to
SIS

er

sharp

day

mow

en

I bl
lei
Idl

ter

IgI

today

lel

IfI

be

ble

ti

hind

Ihl

play

'"9
ger

4. Sort the words into three groups to show the number of syllables.
One syllable

Two syllables

Three syllables

bed

got

circle

family

dig
39

English -Back To Basics

Antonyms

Spelling and word srudy

TEACHER INFORMATION
Alltonyms are words that are opposite in meaning. Antonyms can add 11 contrast in
description or feeling. Many words take II prefix to create an antonym; e.g. happy
unhappy

Answers
I.

(. ( night

( bl pull

(,I sister

(dl afraid

(,I large

(I)

easy

(01 tomorrow

(hI light

(i)

quick

(kl something

(I)

happy

(j)

before

2. Answers will vary. Opposites may include:


(a) short

(bl hard, difficult

(e) clean

(d) brothers

(e) hot, warm

(II

fast, quick

3. Opposites include:
(a) brave, timid

(bl small, big,

clean, dirty

4. Answers will vary.

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Antonyms
1. Write the word that is opposite in meaning.

lal day

_____

lei brother
lei small

_____

_____

Igi yesterday

____

Iii slow
Ikl nothing
w

::0

lbl push

_
_
_
_

Idl brave
lfl hard

Ihl heavy

(II sad

tomo rrow

large

pull

night

something

easy

lig ht

ha ppy

before

sister

quick

_
_

_
_
_
_

ii i after
____

afraid

_
_
_
_

_
_

_
_
_
_
_

2. Write a new sentence by using a word that is opposite to the bold word.

lal Theteacher wastall.

____________________
_

-'
-

a.

Ibl I think spelling is easy.


lei My feet are very dirty.
Idl He has two sisters.
lei I like cold weather.

___________________
_

_
_

____________________
_

_
___________________

If) The car was going slow.

_
___________________

3. Put a circle around the antonyms. Draw a picture.

Ibl A small clean dog and a


big dirty dog.

lal A brave firefighter and a


timid child.

4. Write a sentence using these antonyms - lall- short and push - pull.

41

English -Back To Basics

Homophones

Spelling and word srudy

TEACHER INFORMATION
Homophones are words that sound the same but have different meanings. Examples
include: cereal- serial, know - no, feat-Ieel, stare -slair.
Homographs are words that lire spell the same, have different meanings lind may

or may not sound the same.


Examples include:

bow (rhymes with cow)- II verb meaning to bend the body as II sign of respect

bow (rhymes with low)- II noun meaning II looped knot

fair- II noun meaning a group of sideshows

fair- an adjective meaning not cloudy.

Answers
1. (a) know, No
(e) hour, our

(bl there, their


(d) week, weaK

(e) meet, meat

(II

wood, would

2. (. ( I have been to the shop with my sisler.


(b( I look off my shoes lind ran with bare leet.

J3

(, ( I paid the lare when I got on the bus.


(d( Amy knows how to play the game.
(e) Dad gave me a new pa ir of shoes for my birthday.
(I)

I think the picture is pla in and boring_

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Homophones
Homo phones

sound the same but have different meanings.

1. Write the correct word for each sentence.

lal I don't

Ibl The boys are over


lei

The party is in one

Idl This

who he is. I

_____

No

I told

her,

. I th.;, I th." I They have

____

..

_____

_____

(e) Can you

'.ow

I h'" I

will be busy. I

______

w ,,'

I I think

'"

on the fire.
IfI Put some
::0

z 2. Write the correct word for each sentence.


______

___

___

party is in May.

I w". I He was sick and felt

would

wood

thank you.'

bags with them.

___

me today? I most I moet I We ate

'

___
_

____

for dinner.

like to pla y now.

__
__

Draw a picture of the other word. Write it under your picture.

lal

Ibl

been or bean

I have
with my sister.

______

to the shop

feet.

Idl

lei fair or fare

I paid the
got on the bus.

_____

Dad gave me a new


of shoes for my birthday.

_
_
_
_
_

nose or knows

Amy
the game.

when I

lei pair or pear

or bare
I took off my shoes and ran with
bear

howto play

______

IfI

plane or plain

I think the picture is


and boring.

_ _ _ _ _
_

English -Back To Basics

Compound words

Spelling and word srudy

TEACHER INFORMATION
A compound word is formed by ioining two or more words

together.

Examples include:

waterfall, desktop, notebook, driveway, football, daybreak, nightfall,


downcast, hallway, footloose, fireproof, hardwearing, long-sighted, three
quarters, do-it-yourself.

Answers
)

I. ) myself

I b) saucepan

(el backpack

I') surfboard

I, ) airport

(II

I.) bathtub

Ih) something

birthday

Ibl birthday

(el something

I') surfboard

I,) myself

(II

I.) saucepan

I h) airport

2. I. ) backpack

bathtub

3. I. ) bathroom, tonight
4. I. ) pancake

(bl rainbow

Eng/ish - Back To Basics

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Compound words
1. Draw a line to match words to make a compound word. Write the new word, then
draw a picture.

lal my

pack

Ibl sauce

day

Icl back

thing

Idl surf

self

lei air

tub

If I birth

pan

Ig I bath

board

Ihl some

port

::0

--'
-

"-

:::>

"-

2. Use the new words you made to finish the sentences.

lal I put a book, pencils and my lunch in my


Ibl I'm going to have a big
Icl We want to buy
Idl I took mv
(e) I can see

_________
_

_______

_______

______

Igi Never touch a hot

to eat for dinner tonight.

with me to the beach.

_______

If) I was dirty, so I filled the

party this vear.

clearly in the bathroom mirror.

_______

_______

Ihl Dad said thank vou for taking him to the

with water.

that is on the stove.

______.

3. There are two new compound words in the sentences above.


Can you find them?

4. Read the clue and write a compound word.

lal A tasty treat for breakfast.

Ibl A colourful arch in the sky.

_____

____

45

c
b

____
_

_
___

English -Back To Basics

Contractions

Spelling and word srudy

TEACHER INFORMATION
A contfBctiorl is II shortened form 01 two words where an apostrophe is used to

replace the letters omitted;


e.g. I am-I'm, she is-sho's, will not-won'l, are not- aren't, they are -they're.

Answers
1 . (II) he'll

(bl she'll

(e) it'll

(d) that ll
'

2. (II) I'll make my b ed.

(e) She'll play outside.

(bl He'll eat his lunch.


(d) It'll be hot tomorrow.

(e) That'll be II nice gift.


3. Answers will vary.
4. (8) don',

(bl isn't

(el hasn't

(d) wasn't

5. I. I I don', want to go to bed.


Ibl Jack isn't feeling well.
I, I Ruby hasn't finished yel.
Idl Mr Smith wasn't in the room.
I,I He can', climb that tree.

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Contractions
To shorten the word wi

Example: I will

, I'll

1. Shorten these and write the new word.

lal he will

_
_

Ibl she will

__

Icl it will

_ _
_

Idl that will

__

2. Write each sentence again with the bold words shortened into one word.

lal I will make my bed.

_
___________________

Ibl

Hewill eat his lunch.

Icl

Shewill play outside.

_
___________________

_
__________________

Idl I t will be hottomorrow.

-'

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

'"

lei Thatwill be a nice gift.

:::>

'"

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

3. Write a sentence using the shortened form of these words.

lal we will

_______________________
_

Ibl you will


Icl they will

_
_____________________

_
___________________ _

To shorten the word not, drop 0 and use an apostrophe.


4.

lal do not
(For

__
_

Ibl is not

Icl has not

_ _
_

_
_

Idl was not

_
_

can not, drop the extra n- can'I.)

5. Write each sentence again with the bold words shortened.

lal I do not want to got to bed.


Ibl Jack is not feeling well.
Icl Ruby has not finished yet.
Idl Mr Smith was not in the room.

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

lei He can not climb that tree.


47

English -Back To Basics

Sorting words

Spelling and word srudy

Answers
1 . be - become, because, began, below, begin, before
to -today, tomorrow, tonight, together, towards
in - into, invent, inside, indoor, incorre ct
out - outside, outlook, oulg row, Dutd oar, outfit
IIny - anyway, anyone, anyhow, anywhere, anything
some - sometimes, someone, somewhere, something. somehow
2. Answers will vary.

Eng/ish Back To Basics

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Sorting words
7.

Sort the words into six groups. Each group of words has the same beginning.
be

to

In

out

any

some

::0

z
--'
-

"
:::>
"-

nYWav (today) (iimetim


(uj tSidV Qecaus?:J Cinto )
(iutgrOV C!.0nighT) GutdOO?)
meonv
0
(
OUtfit)
(ii
m
eho?J
wardV
0
incorrect (ind00"0 something
nyon
(j:utI00"0
(began)
Cnvent) (iimewhey 0e{or0
(nythinv

2. Choose a word from each group. Use the word in a sentence.

lal be
Ibl to
I el i n
Idl out
lei

any

If) some

_
______________________

49

English -Back To Basics

Identifying correct spelling

Spelling and word srudy

Answers
I.

(. ( climb

( b) school

( , ) friend

(d) doctor

( , ) funny

(I)

(g) lig hi

(h) happy

glass

2. The letter II is missing.


(. ) before

( b) large

( ,) little

(d) once

( ,) where

(I)

while

3. (. ) Sometimes, afraid
(b) little, again
(, ) sisler, fighting, about
(d) There, something. funny
(,) friend, because, knows, large

Eng/ish Back To Basics

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Identifying correct spelling


,. Write the correct spelling for each word.

I dl 17:::;----'

Ibl r:=::;

lal

clime

sckool

freind

docter

::0

z
--'

glas

I iht

hapy

"
:::>
"-

2. Which letter is missing from each word? ___ Write each word correctly.

lal befor
Idl one

Ibl larg

____
_

lei wher

____

lei littl

___
_

____
_

____

If) whil

___
_

3. Find the words that are not spell correctly. Put a line under each. Write the correct
words in the box.

lal Sumtimes I am afrade


of the dark.

II

Ibl My .littel brother is


crying agane.
lei

I
I don't know what my
sistar was fiting abowt. I

Idl Ther is sumthing very


funy in the book.
lei My frend is happy
becose he nows he
will get a larje present.

I
I
I

II
II

1 1'------"

II
II
I

I I,----------"

'--_
------'

'--_
---------'

51

II
English -Back To Basics

Capital letters

Punctuation

TEACHER INFORMATION
A capital letter is used:

to start a sentence; e,g. She is here today.

for the pronoun I, incl uding I'm, I 'va, I'll a nd I'd

as the firsl letter of a proper noun; e.g. Ireland, Thomas, Pacific Ocean

for the initial letter and proper nouns to start direct speech; e.g. 'She is here
today.'
far the initial letter and proper nouns in titles of books, films etc.; e,g. Black
Beauty, Finding Nama.

Prim-Ed Pu blishing employs minimal capitalisation for tides 01 books and other
publications, as recommended by the Sly/e manual for authors, editors IJnd printers,
sixth edition, 2002.

Answers

1 . (a) The story is about two friends.


(b) I was so happy to see Blake and Ricky althe park.

(e) last year, my teacher was Mr Russell.


(d) Tomorrow, we are going to see DrStewart.
(e) Another family just moved to Packer Street.
(I)

The name of our school is Reed Hitt Primary.

(g) Mum and I watched Prince William on television.


(h) When I am older, I want to visit Japan and India.
2. Answers will vary.
3. My Aunty Jasmine is getting married in April next year. She will marry
Jason. They are going on a plane to Bali. When they come back to New
Zealand, they will live in Wellington.

Eng/ish Back To Basics


-

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Capital letters
1. Use a red pencil to show where the capital letters should be.

I a) the story is about two friends.


I b) i was so happy to see blake and ricky at the park.

IiH30 I:llll!lb

Ie) last year, my teacher was mr russell.


Id) tomorrow, we are going to see dr stewart.
Ie) another family just moved to packer street.

If) the name of our school is reed hill primary.


w

::0

(g) mum and i watched prince william on television.


(h) when i am older, i want to visit japan and india.

--'

" 2. Answer these questions. Use capital letters.


"-

(a) What is your teacher's name?


Ib) What day will it be tomorrow?

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

_________________
_

Ie) In what month is your birthday?


Id) Who is your best friend?

________________
_

___________________
_

Ie) What planet do we live on?

__________________
_

If) What day of the week do you like most?

______________
_

Ig) What country would you most like to visit?


Ih) What is your first and last name?

_____________
_

________________
_

3. Read the story. Show where the capital letters should be.

my aunty jasmine is getting married in april next year. she will marry jason. they
are going on a plane to bali. when they come back to new zealand, they will live in
wellington.

53

English -Back To Basics

Full stops

Punctuation

TEACHER INFORMATION
A full stop ( . ) is used:

to show the end of II statement; e.g. She wenl to school .

for abbreviations when only the first part of the word is used; e.g. Feb., Capt.

Answers
I.

I. I I have to come inside when it's dark.


Ibl I'm hungry because I forgot to eat breakfast.
I, I I don't know where the new OVO is.
Idl It is nearly time for school holidays.
I,I My little sister keeps her light on at night.

2. (a), (bl, (d), (e) and (h) need II full stop.


I. I We saw II kangaroo.

Ibl I liked the koala.


Idl I am ready to go.

J3

I,I My room is neat.


Ihl My friend is funny.
3. I. I My birthday is today. I am eight years old.
Ibl Dinner is ready. We are having spaghetti.
I, I I found the book outside. Someone left it there.
Idl I have II salad for lunch. My mum made it.
I,I I like school. It's good to learn different things.

4. On the weekend I spent some time outside. I also played some games on
the computer. It's in the family room. Mum and Dad like to know what I'm
playing. They use the computer, too. Dad uses it to pay the bills. Sometimes
Mum plays a game. Sometimes she writes emails.

Eng/ish Back To Basics

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Full stops
1. Add a full slop 10 end Ihe senlences.

(a) I have to come inside when it's dark


Ibl I'm hungry because I forgot to eat breakfast
lei

I don't know where the new OVO is

Idl It is nearly time for school holidays


lei

My little sister keeps her light on at night

2. Which of Ihese need a full slop? Use a red pencil.


w

I al We saw a kangaroo

I b I I liked the koala

IeI The glass is

I d I I am ready to go

::0

--'
-

"-

:::>

"-

lei

My room is neat

Ifl She can


I h I My friend is funny

Igi There is no
3. Add a full slop al lhe end of each senlence.

lal My birthday is today I am eight years old


Ibl Dinner is ready We are having spaghetti
lei

I found the book outside Someone left itthere

Idl I have a salad for lunch My mum made it


lei

I like school It's good to learn different things

4. Read the story. Use a full stop at the end of each sentence.

On the weekend I spent some time outside I also played


some games on the computer It's in the family room
Mum and Dad like to know what I'm playing They use the
computer, too Dad uses itta pay the bills Sometimes
Mum plays a game Sometimes she writes em ails
55

English -Back To Basics

Question marks

Punctuation

TEACHER INFORMATION
A question mark ( 7 ) is used:

at the end of II sentence that asks II question; e.g. How are you?
in direct and reported speech where II question is asked; e.g. 'How are you?'
she asked.

Answers
I.

(. ( Do you know if the baby is sleeping?


(b( How far do you think it is to the shop?
(, ( Are you going to help clean the housel'
(d( How do I geliD Sanders street?
(,( Do you think you should be doing that1

2. Responses will vary.


(II) How many brothers and sisters do you have?

(b) What makes you laugh?

(e) What is something you do every morning?


(d) What is your favourite animal?
(e) Where do crocodiles live?
3. Answers will vary.
4. Answers will vary.

Eng/ish Back To Basics

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Question marks

[IJ should be.


Do you know if the baby is sleeping
1------7/:::::--,---,

1. Show where the question mark

lal

Ibl How far do you think it is to the shop


lei Are you going to help clean the house
Idl How do I get to Sanders Street
lei Do you think you should be doing that
2. Show where the question mark should be. Write an answer.
w

::0

z
--'
-

"
:::>
"-

(a) How many brothers and sisters do you have


Ibl What makes you laugh
(e)

What is something you do every morning

(d) What is your favourite animal


lei Where do crocodiles live
3. Write a question for each answer.

l it is 3 o'clock. I
I My name is Grace.
II am seven years old.
I The game is on Saturday. I
I l like the colour green. I

Ia I
Ibl
Ic I
Id I
IeI
4. Draw a picture of you and your family having dinner.

lal How many people are in your family?


Ibl What room are you eating in?
lei What are you eating?
Idl Who made the food?
lei Who will clean up?
57

_
_
_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

English -Back To Basics

Commas

Punctuation

TEACHER INFORMATION
A comma ( , f suggests II short pause and is used to make meaning clearer by
separating parts of II sentence. Use II comma to:

separate items in II lisl; e.g. I took pens, pencils, paper and paints to the class.

separate tisls of adjectives; e.g. He is talented, smart. strong and mature.

separate clauses in

II

sentence; e.g. If I see him today, I '

separate words, phrases and clauses althe start of II sentence; e.g. Firstly, I'm
not going!
separate words that add extra information; e.g. Kylie, my best friend, is coming
to visit.
separate the carrier (I replied/from the direct speech; e.g. That is Kylie', I
replied.

Answers
1. (a) I like pears, oranges and watermelons.

(b) My brothers are Ben, Cody and Liam.


(c) I like reading, drawing, music and dancing.
(d) I play tennis, rugby, rounders and cricket.
(e) My best friends are Emily, Trent, Riley, Sam and Tim.
2. Answers will vary for (a), (b), (d) and (e).
(c) January, February, March and April
(I)

eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen and fifteen

3. Answers will vary.

Eng/ish Back To Basics

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Commas
1. Show where the commas go in each sentence.

la I I like pears oranges and watermelons.


Ibl My brothers are Ben Cody and Liam.

I e I I like reading drawing music and dancing.

,
,

Id I I play tennis rugby rounders and cricket.


lei My best friends are Emily Trent Riley Sam and Tim.
2. Finish these sentences. Don't forget the commas.
w

::0

z
--'
-

"
:::>
"-

lal Three things I like to do with my family are


and

_______

Ibl Three vegetables I like eating are

______________________________
_
_

and

______

lei The first four months of the year are

_________________________
_

_____________________________
_
_

_______

Id I My fou r favourite a nimals are

and

(e ) Four things that are in my bedroom are

and

______________ __

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

__
_________

IfI The next five numbers after ten are


_______

______.

_
________________________________
_

_______

______

_______________

___
_

and

______________

_______

and

_______ ..

____________
_
_
_

______________ _

3. Write an answer for each question. Don't forget the commas.

(a) What are the letters in your first name?

(bl Who are the four people who sit closest to you in class?

59

English -Back To Basics

Editing

Punctuation

Answers
I.

I. I Ella and Emma sit next to each other in class.


Ibl (live in Paris, Franco.
I, I Mum called Mrs Taylor to see if I could visitSam.
Idl OUf family is going to Cape Town in South Africa.
I,I I watched Trent and Rowan play cricket at Eastern Oval.

2. I. I My little brother likes to try kicking the football.


Ibl I would like to visit Grandma on the weekend.
I, I Did you know I climbed the big tree outside?
Idl AI what time do you think we will go to the shops?
I,I I would like to buy II book to read.

3. I. I My sisters lire Ashe, Emily and Belle.

Ibl I love chocolate, mint and vanilla icecream.


I, I We are going to Sea World, Cinema World and the circus.

Il

Idl OUf garden has bushes, flowers and trees.


I,I The film star is pretty. funny. smart and rich.
4. Aunt Lisa and Uncle Jim look Tyler and I to the beach. We swam, surfed
and made 11 sandcllstle. 'Do you want to find some shells?' asked Uncle Jim.
I said no but Tyler said yes. They found white , brown and blue shells.

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Editing
I. Show where the capital letters should be.

(a) ella and emma sit next to each other in class.


(bl i live in paris, france.
(e)

mum called mrs taylor to see if i could visit sam.

(d) our family is going to cape town in south africa.


(e) i watched trent and rowan play cricket at eastern oval.
2. Use a full stop or question mark.
w

::0

z
--'
-

"
:::>
"-

lal My little brother likes to try kicking the football


Ibl I would like to visit Grandma on the weekend
Icl Did you know I climbed the big tree outside
Idl At what time do you think we will go to the shops
lei I would like to buy a book to read
3. Show where the commas should be.

lal My sisters are Asha Emily and Belle.


(b) I love chocolate mint and vanilla ice-cream.
(e)

We are going to Sea World Cinema World and the circus.

(d) Our garden has bushes flowers and trees.


lei The film star is pretty funny smart and rich.
4. Show where the capital letters, full stops, question marks and commas should be.

aunt lisa and uncle jim took tyler and i to the beach we swam surfed and made
a sandcastle 'do you wantto find some shells ' asked uncle jim i said no but tyler
said yes they found white brown and blue shells
,

61

English -Back To Basics

Nouns

Grammar

TEACHER INFORMATION
Nouns are naming words. They name people, places, things lind ideas.
Common nourls are words naming general rather than particular things; e.g.
apple, river, table, colour.

PropOf nouns name specific people and things and use

II

capital letter;

e.g. England, Luke.

Col/flctivB nouns name II group of people, animals or things; e.g. class, herd.
Abstract nourls name an idea, concept or quality; e.g. love, danger, youth, pain.
Nouns are often identified by the placement of II, an, the or some in front 01 the
word.

Answers
I.

I. I

,",

Idl fruit
2. I. ) television
Id) beach

Ibl film

(el school

I,) trampoline
Ibl Japan

(el elephant

I,) teacher

3. Answers will vary.


4. peach, Olivia, bird, potato, man, park, church, ani

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Nouns
A

noun

is a naming word. Nouns name pe ople, places and things.

1. Circle, the n write the noun in each sentence .

lal Her cat is white and fluffy.


Ibl I like going to see a film.
lei Our school is clean and tidy.
I d I I like eating fresh fruit.

I e I We have a new trampoline.


w

::0 2. Circle, the n write the noun in each sentence . Colour yes or no.
c(
Z

--'

""

:::>

""

I a I Do you like watching television?

yes

no

Ibl Do you live in Japan?

yes

no

I c I Have you seen an elephant?

yes

no

I d I Have you played at the beach?

yes

no

lei Is your teacher dancing?

yes

no

____________
_

3. Write a noun to answer each question. Some may nee d a capita/ letter.

lal What meal do you eat in the morning?


Ibl Who would you see if you are sick?
lei Which month of the year is it?

_
_____________

______________
_

________________
_

Idl Which country would you like to live in?

_____________
_

lei What is something that grows in the garden?

___________
_

4. Look at the words below and write only the nouns.

QaUghe r'peach'-;- r' IVla r' r'potato'- r' ant


man
"
happy
park

(
(churc
,,
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , '\, , , , " , " " , "'\" " " " , , " , " " " " " , , " , , "" " " , , , ,
.

or "-

'-.

bird

wide

draw

.. .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . .

63

'

'

. ..

. .. .. .. .

English -Back To Basics

Verbs

Grammar

TEACHER INFORMATION
A verb is a word or group of words that names an action or slate of being. Verbs are
often called 'doing words'; e.g. road, walks, speaking, has broken, ate, will type.
Verbs can indicate tense, voice, mood, number and person.

Answers
I.

(. ( drew

( bl eats

(,I rode

(dl played

(,I wrote

(I) talked

( bl help

(,I dive

(,I sleeping

(I)

2. (. I make
(dl weanng

drive

3. Answers will vary.


4. climb, cry, watch, learn, catch, run, spend, teach

Eng/ish Back To Basics

64

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1. Write the

verb

Verbs
(doing word) in each sentence.

lal I drew a picture.

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

Ibl She eats her breakfast.

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

Icl Josh rode his bike to school.

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

Idl Rose played hockey yesterday.

________
_

(e) We wrote the words in our books.


If) Ben talked to Jordan.

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

__________
_

2. One verb in each sentence has been underlined. Underline and write the other verb in
each sentence. Answer the question.
::0

z
yes
no
--'
w

""
:::>
""

lal Do you make your own lunch?

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

yes

no

yes

no

I d I Are you wearing your pyjamas?

yes

no

I e I l.. your teacher sleeping?

yes

no

If) Do you drive a car?

yes

no

Ibl Do you help your parents at home?


Icl Can you dive from a diving board?

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

3. Write a verb to answer each question.

I a I What would you use a crayon for?


Ibl What do birds in the sky do?
I c I What is something a baby might do?
I d I What are you doing right now?
4. Look at the words below and write only the verbs.

catch

climb

run

teach

cry
65

tree

watch
English -Back To Basics

Verb tenses

Grammar

TEACHER INFORMATION
The trlnse of II verb is used to show the lime at which the action of that verb takes
place.
Most verbs are regular and follow the same pattern for the past, present and future
lense. For example, with the verb 10 jump; I jump!1 am jumping 1presenttense); I
jumped/I was jumping (past tense), I will jump (future lense).

I"egular verbs life those that do not follow this pattern, particula rly in the past
lense. For example, I rise (rose), I teach (taught), I mean (meant), I win (won), I do
(did), I begin (began).
An lIuxiliary verb helps to form the tense of II verb. The verbs to be, to have and to
do are auxiliary verbs; e.g. I have eaten. The auxiliary verb used in the future lense
is will; e.g. 1 will eat.

Answers
I. (. (

walch (present)

2. (. ( walk - present
(b( talked - past
(, (

played - past

(ti( work - present


(.(

cleaned - past

3. (. ( write - present

( b( watched ipastl
walked - past
talks -present
plays - present
worked - past

wrote - past
grew- past

(, ( taught- past

teaches - present

(ti( wear - present

wore - past

(, ( thought - past

thinks - present

catch - present

J3

clean - present

(b( grows - present

(f(

caught - past

4. ial drew ibl rode icl ate idl bought iel met HI found igl saw ihl heard

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Verb tenses
1. Read the sentences.

(a) Underline and then write the verb in each sentence.


(b) Write 'present' next to the sentence that tells something is happening now.
Write 'past' next to the sentence that tells something has already happened.
I watch a DVD.
I watched a DVD.
2.

Underline each verb. Write 'present' or 'past'.

I al I walk to school.
w

::0

z
--'
-

e>.
:::>
e>.

I walked to school.

I b I She talked to the boy.

She talks to the boy.

I c I He played football.

He plays football.

Idl I work hard.

I worked hard.

lei I cleaned up the mess.

_______

I clean up the mess.

______
_

3. Underline each verb. Write 'present' or 'past'.

lal I write a story.

_______

Ibl The plant grows.

I wrote a story.

______

lei He taught reading.

The plant grew.

_______

Idl I wear a shirt to school.


lei She thought about it.
IfI We catch the train.

______
_

He teaches reading.

_______

_______

_______

I wore a shirt.

_
_

_
_

_ _ _ _ _ _
_

She thinks about it.

We caught the train.

______
_

_
_

4. Write the past verb to match these.

lal draw
lei eats

_
_
_
_
_
_

lei meets
Igi see

_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_

Ibl ride
Idl buy

_
_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_

IfI finds
Ihl hear
67

_
_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_

English -Back To Basics

Pronouns

Grammar

TEACHER INFORMATION
A pronoun is used in place of II noun to avoid repetition.

Personal prorlOuns refer to people . They can be singular or plural, subjective or objective
and may indicate gender. Examples are: I, you, he, she, we, they, me, him, her, his, them,
mine, hers, theirs, ours.

Impersonal pronouns refer to everything but people. They clln be singular or plural,
subjective, objective or possessive. Examples are: it, Ihey, them, theirs.

Relatillo pronouns refer to people and objects and connect clauses and sentences. They
are used in the three cases:
subjective - who, thai, which
possessive -whose, of that, 01 which, of whose
objective - whom, thai, which.
Other examples of relative pronouns are whoever, whomever, whichever and whatever.

Demonstrative pronouns replace nouns and function in the same way as nouns in a
sentence. Thev have no gender but are used in the three cases:
subjective -this, that,these, those
possessive - of this, of that, 01 these, of those
objective -this, that, these, those.
Other examples of demonstrative pronouns are: other, such, same, former, latter and
ordinal numbers (first, second etc.f

Inte"ogative pronouns are used in asking questions. Thev include who, whose, whoever
(used for people) and what, which and whatever (used for thingsf.

Reflexive pronouns are used in sentences that contain verbs whose actions are directed
toward the subjects of the verbs. Add the suffixes -self or -selves to the personal
pronouns my, your, him, her, our,them and one.

Indefinite pronouns are words that refer to people or things without saving exactlv
who or what they are. Examples include all, another, any, anybody, anyone, anything,
both, each one, either, everybody, everyone, everything, few, little, many, more, much,
neither, nobody, none, no-one, nolhing, other, others, several, some, somebody, someone,
something and such.

Note: Some indefinite pronouns can also be used as determiners.


For example, I would like some (indefinite pronoun). I would like some apples (determinerf.

Answers
I.

I. I

h"

Idl She, her


2. I. I Dr Mary
Idl Rick
3. I. I mme

I bl h,

(c) Thev

I,) I, you
I b) Eric and Tom

(c) Alice

I, ) Mr Smith
I b) ours

(c) yours

(b) he

(c) they

(b) they

(c) she

(e) it

(I)

Idl hers
4. Pronouns are:
I. I ,h,
5. I. I (\
Idl h'

Eng/ish Back To Basics

68

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Pronouns
I. Colour the right word.

la) Kirsty is walking to our house. I can't see I her I him I yet.
Ib) Dan is reading a book. Do you think I him I he I likes it?

Ie) The children are sitting down. IThem ITheyI are all quiet.
Id) Mrs Jones is the teachef. 1 Shel HerI is sitting at I his I her I desk.
Ie)
2.
w

::0

z
--'
-

"
:::>
"-

I I I MeI am going to play. Are Ithem I you I

playing, too?

Use the names to finish the sentences.

IEric and Tom I


(a) I had to see
Ib) I saw

I Mr Smith I

IAlice I

I Rick I

I Dr Mary I

. She gave me some medicine.

______

______

Ie)
Id)
Ie )

_______

I can see

playing. They were having fun.

is drawing. Her picture is beautiful.

______

_______

outside. He is playing basketball.

has a new car. I think his car is white.

3. Colour the right word.

CC
yCT
I=
m"'
in"'
el
la) The book is I"'m

Ib) The books are l our lours I

Ie) The book is I your I yoursl

Id) Jane's book is I his I hers I

4. The nouns are underlined. Write a new sentence using a pronoun in place of the noun.

la) Mum is in the car.

___________________
_

Ib) Mr Brown is over there.

_________________
_

Ie) The children are reading.

________________
_

5. Choose a pronoun that could be used to rep/ace the nouns.


she

we

la) dog

Ib) Ben and Zac

Ie)

Id) John

Ie) tree

If) Mum and 1


69

Emma
_
_
_

English -Back To Basics

Adjectives

Grammar

TEACHER INFORMATION
An adjective is II word that describes or gives more information about II noun or
pronoun; e,g. pretty, thin, tall, delicious. It qualifies the word it describes by making
it more specific; e.g.lhe red dress-the adjective red specifies the colour of the
noun dress. Adjectives can tell II bout the colour, size, number, classification or
quality of II noun or pronoun. They can come before or after the noun and usually
after the pronoun; e.g. the beautiful bird, The bird is beautiful. It is beautiful.
There are three forms of adjectives: absolute (e.g. small I. comparative (e.g.
smaller), superlative (e.g. smallest).

Answers
1 . (II) linle, cute, young, soft, sleepy
(b) long. striped, cold-blooded, poisonous, thin
(c) juicy, tasty, delicious, fresh, crisp, ripe
2. Answers will vary. Suggestions include:

(a) ugly, old, mean, scary, wrinkly, bad


(b) pretty, sweet, friendly, happy, nice, beautiful
3. Answers will vary. Suggestions include:
(. ( dark/cold

( bl sunny/rainy

(,I young/kind

(til cute/little

(,I crisp/red

(I)

4. (. I big, bigger, biggest

new/shiny

( bl old, older, oldest

(,I warm, warmer, warmest

(til kind, kinder, kindest

(,I tall, taller, tallest

light,lighter, lightest

5. (. I best

J3

(I)

( bl worse

(,I less

(til most

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Adjectives
1. Tick the words you could use to describe these things.
lal

Ibl

little
love
cute
cry
young
2.

Max
angry
soft
brother
sleepy

long
hard
tall
pOisonous
cold-blooded

JUICY
tasty
melon
delicious
fruit

striped
reptile
thin
slither
food

fresh
seeds
CriSp
JUice
ripe
.

Write four describing words for each picture.

la)

::0

z
--'
-

"
:::>
"-

I b)

II

3. Complete each sentence by using an adjective.

la) The night is

I b) The day was

I c) She is a

lady.

Ie) It is a

Id) The puppy is

apple.

I have a

(I)

car.

4. Finish the pattern. Fo r example, small, smaller, smallest.

la) big
I c)

_____

Ie)

lb) old

_____

_____

warmer

ld)

_____

_____

_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_

kindest

_____

tallest If)

lighter

_____

_
_
_
_
_

5. Now try these.

la) good better

Ib) bad

Ic) little
. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

PrlmEd Pubiishlr.g"

least
.

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

www.pr1med.com

. .

. .

. .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

worst

Id) many more


"

"

"

71

"

"

"

"

"

"

'

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

. . . .

"

"

"

. . . . . . . . . . .

English -Back To Basics

Writing sentences - word order

Grammar

Answers
1. ia) My mum's birthday is in April.
ib) There is nolhing t wanlto watch on TV.
icl I will do my homework before I'm tired.
id) My little dog is funny when he plays.

2. Sentence answers will vary. Examples include:


ia) Today, I walked to the shop.
ib) Itwas a hal day so she swam in the pool.
icl Are you ready to go?
id) My friend is tunny.
3. Answers will vary.

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Writing sentences - word order


1. Write the words so the sentence makes sense.

lal My birthday April mum's is in.

Ibl There TV nothing want is I to watch on.

lei

_
______________

will homework I my do I'm tired before.

Idl dog funny plays My is when he little.

::0

z
--'
-

2.
a.

Write a sentence with these words in it.

lal I walked today shop

Ibl she pool hot swam

lei

ready you go are

_
_____________________

Idl funny friend my is

_
_____________________

3. Finish these sentences so they make sense.

lal I saw a man

_______

but then he

-------_ .

(b) I wanted to see another

lei

I forgot to

Idl I enjoy

______

because

______

______

beeause
73

so

_
__

English -Back To Basics

.Joining words (Conjunctions,

Grammar

TEACHER INFORMATION
A conjunction is II word (or wordsl that connects words, phrases, clauses and
sentences; e.g. and, bul, because, so, that.

Conjunctions used to join sentences of equal importance are called


coordinating conjunctions; o.g. l lil::o apples end oranges. They include
end, but, lor, yet, or, 8S well as, both, so, therefore and nOf.
Conjunctions used to join clauses are called subordinating conjunctions;
e.g. She was happy because I arrived. They include because, before, if,
while, until. like, though, although, unless, 8S, since, where, whenever,
wherever.

Answers
1 . (a) I know I'll be late for school unless I wake up when Mum calls me.
(b) The music was turned up loudly so Dad could hear it outside.
(c) Kara won't be able to go shopping if she does not have any money.

(d) Mrs Jones came to school early so she could plan our lessons.
(e) Jake will not go to the game if his arm is still hurting.
(I)

My mum will not serve dinner unless everyone is at the table.

2. Answers will vary.

3. Answers will vary.


4. Answers will vary.

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.Joining words (Conjunctions)


Words such as unless, so and if can be used as joining words to add more to a sentence.
1. Join two sentences to make one sentence by colouring the two boxes the same.

I a I I I know I'll be late for school unlessI

Ishe does not have any money.I


Ishe could plan our lessons. I
II wake up when Mum calls me.I
leveryone is atthe table. I
lOad could hear it outside.
Ihis arm is still hurting. I

I b I IThe music was turned up loudly soI


I c I IKara won't be able to go shopping if I
Idl IMrs Jones came to school early so
lei IJake will not go to the game if I

IfI IMy mum will not serve dinner unless I

::0

z
--'
-

"-

:::>

"-

2.

Complete the sentences.

I a I I'm not going unless


I bI

_______

lei I don't like going to bed unless


Idl

unless

Mum and Dad say yes.

_
________________

_______

unless the water is too

cold.

3. Complete the sentences.

lal I need to try hard so


Ibl

_______

lei I wear a bike helmet so


Idl

_______

so

I stay healthy.

___________________
_

I don't get into trouble.

50

_______

4. Complete the sentences.

lal I won't be going out to play il


Ibl

_______

lei I don't like watching TV il


Idl
lei

_________________
_

_______

il I

il my
_

_
_

don't eat all my dinner.

______

75

bed is not made.

il I

go to bed too late.


English -Back To Basics

Sentences

Grammar

TEACHER INFORMATION
A s6ntrlnCB is II group of words that makes sense on its own. It must have II finite verb (II
verb with II subject), II capital letter at the start and end in II full slop. question mark or
exclamation mark.

Answers
I.

Sentences are:
(. ( I can see II dog.

( b) The light is on

(d) Can you draw?

(I)

Look at that!

(h) They saw the bird.


2. Sentences are:
(b) Did you write that?

( ,) l am happy today.

(g) We ate the cakes.

(h) She doesn't feel well.

3. (. ) Shane - throws

( ,) That's perfect!

( b) Sally - sleeps

(, ) Dad - reads

(d) 1 - forget

(.) leah - grows

(I) My- legs -hurt

J3

4. (. ) I don t know how to read that.


'

(b) Did Tara send that?


(, ) Clln you please take Mark home?

(d) I can't see the birds.


(, ) That's great! Who gave ilia you?
5. Sentences will vary.

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Sentences
A sentence is a group of words that makes sense on its own.
1. Write 5 next to the sentences.

I a)
Id)
Ig)

o I can see a dog.


D Can you draw?
o It is only

o The light is on.


D He read can well.
o They saw the bird.

I b)
Ie)
I h)

Ie)
If)
Ii)

O Wili you.
o Look at that!
O The is four

A sentence must start with a capital letter and end with a full stopD question mark
rn or exclamation mark []] .
w

::0

--'

2.

Tick the box if the sentence has the correct punctuation.

I a)

"-

:::>

"-

Id)
Ig)

o I can run very fast


D dad drove the car.
o We ate the cakes.

0 Did you write that?


Ie) O That's perfect!
Ih) 0 She doesn't feel well.
Ib)

Ie) 0 I am happy today.

0 He's very kind?


Ii) 0 does he run fast.

If)

3. Underline the verb (doing word) that tells what happens. Circle the person or thing that
makes it happen. For example: ak 'ides his bike to school.

(.! ?J

la) Shane throws the ball.

Ib) Sally sleeps on the bed.

Ie) Dad reads the paper.

Id) I often forget my books.

Ie) Leah grows flowers.

If) My legs hurt after training.

4. Write each sentence correctly.

la) i don't know how to read that


Ib) did tara send that

_
________________

Ie) can you please take mark home


Id) i can't see the birds

_
_

_
_______________

_
___________________

Ie) that's great who gave it to you

________________
_

5. Write two complete sentences. Include a capital letter and the correct punctuation at
the end.

la)
Ib)

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
___

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
___

77

English -Back To Basics

Complex sentences

Grammar

TEACHER INFORMATION
A simple sentence has one main idea lind usually contains only one verb and one
subject. It cannot be broken down into other clauses; e.g. Mark isubject) threw
(verb) the ball is an example of II simple sentence.
A compound sontrmce has two (or more) independent clauses with

II

conjunction.

For example, Tim and I saw the film but I didn't enjoy it.
(Clauses can be separated by II comma, semicolon or colon.)
A complex sentence has II main (independentl clause and at least one subordinate
(dependent! clause; e.g. The doctor worked long hours at II hospitalwhere there
were many very sick children.

Answers
1 . Answers will vary. Examples include:
(a) My wonderful mum made II chocolate cake.
(bl The kind nllrse cared for the sick girl.

(c) The cute puppy was playing outside.


(d) The elderly lady grew beautiful flowers.
2. Answers will vary. Examples include:
(a) The busy lady went grocery shopping with her three children.
(b) The athletic man went to the local gym to lift weights.

(e) The young boy rode his new bike to his best friend's house.
(d) The thoughtful teacher gave us II new book that she thought we would
enloy.

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Complex sentences
It's easy to make a sentence more interesting!
You can add describing words, joining words and more naming and doing words.

The firefighter saved the boy.

The game was boring. --->. The

brave
cricket

The

scared
to watch!

firefighter saved the

game was

so

boring

boy.

1. Write more interesting sentences from these simple sentences.

lal My mum made a cake. My

____

mum made a

______

cake.

Ibl The nurse cared for the girl.


The

nurse cared for the

gi rl.

I c I The puppy was outside.

::0

The

--'

puppy was

outside.

"-

Idl The lady grew flowers.

:::>

"-

The

lady grew

flowers.

Make your sentences even more interesting!

2.

The brave firefighter saved the scared boy


The cricket game was so boring to watch

from the blazing house.

I fell asleep!

Write more interesting sentences.

lal The lady went shopping.


The busy lady went grocery shopping with
Ibl The man went to the gym.
The

______

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

man went to the

_______

gym

to
Icl The boy rode his bike.

_______________
_

The

______

boy rode his

______

bike to

Idl The teacher gave us a book.

79

English -Back To Basics

Overused words

Grammar

Answers
I.

Answers will va ry. Sugg eslions for nice incIud e:


(. ( warm

( b( thoughtful

(d( i"

( ,) special

( , ( terrific

2. Answers will vary. Suggestions for good include:


(. ) interesting

( b) delicious

(d) fantastic

( ,) loving

( ,) perfect

3. Answers will vary suggestions for said include:


(. ) whispered

( b) yelled

(d) begged

( ,) ordered

4. (. ) drove
(d) walked

( b) flew

( ,) asked

( , ) rolled

( , ) slithered

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Overused words
Sentences need interesting words.
Some words, such as nic e, like and good are used so offen it's boring!
1. Rewrite each sentence, using a more interesting word for nice.

lal It was a nice day.

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

(b) Grandma gave me a nice present.


lei

I watched a nice film on TV.

Idl It was nice to play a!Tim's.


w

lei My best friend is nice.


2.

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

Rewrite each sentence, using a more interesting word for good.

lal It is a good story.

_
____________________

Ibl We had a good dinner.


lei

_
__________________

It is a good day for playing.

Idl You did good work!

_________________
_

_
___________________

lei My parents are good to me.

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

3. Write a new word for said in each sentence.

lal Talk quietly', I said.

_ _ _ _
_

Ibl 'You have to run faster!' he said.


lei

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

'Do you know my name?' said the boy.

Idl 'Please help me!' she said.

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

(e) 'Come in for dinner now', Mum said.

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

4. Write a new word for wentin each sentence.

lal They went home.


lei

Ibl We went to Spain.

_____
_

The boys went down the hill on their skateboards.

Idl Emma and I went to the park to play.

______
_

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

...... Ie) .The big snake went throug h the bushes

61

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