KINGDOM-ANIMALIA

INVERTEBRATES

VERTEBRATES

Porifera

-Pisces

Cnidaria

-Amphibians

Platyhelminthes

-Reptilia

Nematoda

-Aves

Annelida

- Mammalia

Arthropoda
Mollusca
Echinodermata
Protochordata
INVERTEBRATES
1. PORIFERA
Organisms with holes and pores
They are commonly called as sponges and are found in marine habitat.
Non-motile, multicellular with cellular level of organization.
Asymmetric and acoelomate.
Body has many holes which leads to bring oxygen and food.
Body is covered with hard skeleton.
Eg. Euplectelea, Sycon, Spongilla.
2. COELENTERATA(CNIDARIA)
Multicellular with tissue level of organisation.
Diploblastic, coelomate, radial symmetry. Shows some differentiation
into canal system.
Eg. Hydra, Sea anemone

3.PLATYHELMINTHES
(FLAT WORMS)
Flat, ribbon like unsegmented body.
Bilaterally symmetrical, acoelomate, triploblastic.
Alimentary canal has only one opening that serves as both mouth and anus.
Eg. Liver fluke, Planaria, Tape worm, Blood fluke
4. NEMATODA
Bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic. Body is cylindrical
There are tissues but no real organs. Has pseudocoelom.
Eg. Ascaris, Wuchereria, Filarial worms
5. ANNELIDA
(SEGMENTED ANIMALS)
Soft body with ring like segments.
Bilaterally symmetrical, coelomate, triploblastic.
The organs are differentiated. The differentiation occurs in segmented
fashion with segments lined up from head to tail.(Bisexual/ Hermaphrodite).
Eg. Earthworm, Nereis, Leech
6.

ARTHROPODA
Largest group of animals.
Bilaterally symmetrical,segmented, coelomate,
triploblastic.
They have open circulatory system.
The coelomic cavity is filled with blood
(Haemocoelomate).Blood vessels are absent.
They have jointed legs and hard skeleton made up of
chitin.
Eg. Palaemon (prawn), Pariplaneta (cockroach), Scolopendra(scorpion),
Musca ( House fly), Scolopendra ( Centipede), Aranea (spider), Butterfly
7. MOLLUSCA

 Soft bodied / shelled animals.

Bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic and coelomic cavity is
reduced.
Open circulatory system and kidney like organs for
excretion.
Hard calciferous shell for protection.
There is foot mainly for locomotion.
Eg. Chiton, Octopus, Snail, Unio
8.

ECHINODERMATA

Possess coelomic cavity, triploblastic, radial symmetry in

adults but bilaterally symmetrical in larval stage.
They possess peculiar water driven tube system that
helps in locomotion.
A hard calcium carbonate covering is present which is
used as skeleton.
Mostly free living marine animals.
Eg. Antedon (feather star), Holothuria ( Sea cucumber),
Echinus (Sea urchin), Asterias (star fish)
9. PROTOCHORDATA
Bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic,coelomate.
They possess new feature called notochord which is a long
rod like structure that runs along the back of the animal
seperating the nervous tissue from the gut.
It is seen only in some stages of life.
It provides a place for muscles to attach for the base of
movement.
Eg. Balanoglossus, Amphioxus
CHARACTERISTICS OF VERTEBRATES
Have a notochord
Have a dorsal nerve cord
Are triploblastic

 Have paired gill pouches

Are coelomate

PISCES
Skin covered with scales/ plates.
Gills to breathe, streamlined body and muscular tail for
movement.
Cold-blooded and heart with two chambers.
Lay eggs.
Eg.Refer to text book
AMPHIBIA

Have mucus glands in the skin.

Respiration is either through gills or skin.
Heart three chambered.
Found both in water and land, lay eggs.

REPTILIA
Cold blooded animals, have scales and lungs to breathe.
Heart is 3 chambered except crocodile have four
chambered heart.
Eggs with tough covering and do not need to lay in water.
AVES
Warm blooded animals and have four chambered heart.
Lay eggs.
Fore limbs modified into wings and outer covering of
feathers.
Breathe through lungs.
MAMMALIA

 Warm blooded animals with four chambered heart.

They have mammary glands for the production of milk to
nourish young ones.
Skin has hairs as well as sweat and oil glands.
Produce living young ones except few like Platypus and
Echidna.
** refer to text for examples and pictures of animals as picture
based questions can be asked from this chapter.