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Tuesday,November12,2013
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IntroductiontoDataStructure
DataStructure:
Adatastructureisanarrangementofdatainacomputer'smemoryorevendiskstorage.
DataStructureensuresinformationisorganizedinmemoryandthusprovidesbetter
efficiency.
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Datastructuresaregenerallybasedontheabilityofacomputertofetchandstoredataat
anyplaceinitsmemory,specifiedbyanaddress.
Data:Dataisnothingbutavalueorasetofvalues.
Information:Thedataisrepresentsomeparticularvalue,butdoesnotassign
anymeaningtothatdata.Soassigningsomeparticularmeaningtothedatais
knownasInformation.
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Introductionto
Data
Structure
DataManagementConcept:
Theconceptofthedatadealswithcollectionsofdata,dataorganizationinappropriatedata
structureanduseofappropriatealgorithmforimplementation.
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DataType:
Inaprogram,datatypeisatermthatisusedtostoresomeparticulartypeofvalue.
ForExample,
InCProgrammingLanguagedatatypesareint,float,char,doubleetc."
Generallyaprogramminglanguagesupportstwodatatypes:
BuiltinDataTypes(ForExample:int,float,double,long,char)
UserDefinedDataTypes(ForExample:Structure)
ClassificationofDataStructure:
Thedatastructureismainlyclassifiedintotwocategories:
PrimitiveDataStructure
NonPrimitiveDataStructure.
Classificationofthesetwodatastructureisshowninfollowingfig.
PrimitiveDataStructure:
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EasyLearning..!:IntroductiontoDataStructure
ADataStructureswhicharedirectlyprocessedbythemachineusingitsinstructionis
calledPrimitiveDataStructure.
Thebasicdatatypessupportedbyprogramminglanguagesareprimitivedatastructure.
Example:
IntegerBooleans
Real(float)Pointers
CharactersStrings
Integersrepresentthenumericalvalueswhicharewholequantities(oritisacomplete
value).
ForExample,
Numberofstudents=50
Numberofpagesinbook=125
Real(float)representthenumberswithfractionalparts,sothenumberswithfloating
pointvalues.
ForExample,
Temperatureoftheday=25.5
Distancebetweentwopoints=22.53
Characterrepresentthealphabets,digitsandspecialsymbols(+,,*,>,!,etc.).
Eachcharacterisstoredincomputermemorybyitscodedependingonthe
codingsystem.
ForExample:
charalpha
alpha="A"oralpha=65(ASCIIvalueofA)
BooleansdatatypesareusedwhentherearespecialkindofdecisionlikeTrue/False,
"Yes/No",ON/OFF,0or1.
ClanguagedoesnotsupportBooleandatatype,butitispossibleusing
enumerateddatatype.
ForExample:
enumboolean{false,true}
booleanstatus=true
APointerisalinkorreferencetoadatastructure.
Adatastructurereferredbyapointercanbesimpleorcomplex.
Pointersareveryusefulinparameterpassingtofunctions.
Simpleuseofpointer:
intx=10
int*p=&x//Pispointedtox
int*q=p//qisalsopointedtoxusingp.
Stringrepresentsnonnumericinformationlikename,address,cityname,titleofbooketc.
AstringisstoredincomputermemoryasseriesofASCIIcodesofthe
charactersinstring.
Varietyofoperationsisperformedonstrings.
ForExample:
TofindalengthofstringJoiningtwostrings
Comparingtwostringsetc.
NonPrimitiveDataStructure:
Nonprimitivedatastructuresarethosethatarenotdirectlyprocessedbymachineusing
itsinstruction.
Itrequiresspecialtypesofalgorithmsandcodesforperformingoperationsastheyarenot
directlyaccessedbythemachine.
NonlinearDatastructurecanbeclassifiedintwocategories:
LinearDataStructure
LinearDataStructureisthatinwhichthearrangementofdatais
linear.
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EasyLearning..!:IntroductiontoDataStructure
NonLinearDataStructure
NonLinearDataStructureisthatinwhicharrangementofdatais
notlinear.
Array,Stack,QueueandLinkedLististheexampleofNonLinearData
Structure.
TreesandGraphsaretheexampleofNonLinearDataStructure.
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Introduction
to Data Structure
Data Structure: A data structure is an arrangement of data in a computer's
memory or even disk storage. Data Structure ensures information is
organized in memory and thus provides better efficiency. Data structures
are generally based on the ability of a co...
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