A

PROJECT REPORT
ON

SUBMITTED BY
---------------------------------------------------------------PRINCIPAL
--------------

HOD
PROF. ---------------------

PROJ. GUIDE
PROF. -------------

DEPARTMENT OF ------------------ ENGINEERING

POLYTECHNIC
YEAR 2007-2008

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is the incidence of great pleasure in submitting this project

work. We take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to
------------------- for his valuable guidance in this undertaking,
without which the project report would not have been
completed .We are very much grateful to him for his untiring
assistance in this project and he has been encouraging us in
eliminating the errors .The project has been developed as a result
of valuable advice .
We

are

also

grateful

for

the

co-operation,

valuable

suggestion rendered by Prof. ------------------ ,as a head of

department and all other teaching staff of the Production
department.
Finally we are greatly indebted to management of our
college ---------------------, and express appreciation and thanks of
our Principal Shri -----------, for coordinating keen interest and
providing necessary facilities in completing the project and report.

THANKS
---------------------

INDEX
Page.N
o
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

Name of the topic

Page
No.

15

CHAPTER NO1
ABSTRACT
REGENERATIVE SHOCK ABSORBER

In the past decade, regenerative braking systems have become increasingly

Popular, recovering energy that would otherwise be lost through braking. However,
another energy recovery mechanism that is still in the research stages is
regenerative suspension systems. This technology has the ability to continuously
recover a vehicle's vibration energy dissipation that occurs due to road
irregularities, vehicle acceleration, and braking, and use the energy to reduce fuel
consumption.
A regenerative shock absorber is a type of shock absorber that converts parasitic
intermittent linear motion and vibration into useful energy, such as electricity.
Conventional shock absorbers simply dissipate this energy as heat.
When used in an electric vehicle or hybrid electric vehicle the electricity generated
by the shock absorber can be diverted to its power train to increase battery life. In
non-electric vehicles the electricity can be used to power accessories such as air
conditioning. Several different systems have been developed recently, though they
are still in stages of development and not installed on production vehicles.
This could be used on electric or hybrid vehicles (or normal vehicles) to capture
energy which would otherwise be absorbed and wasted, and then convert it into

electricity. The regenerative shock absorbers can harvest the power in a continuous
way. On the smooth highway road, the regenerative shock absorbers can improve
the fuel efficiency by 2%, and on bumpy roads up to 10% increase can be
expected.
column

Support

Base

CHAPTER-02
THE SCOPE FOR PROJECT

In our country due to increased paying capacity, advanced

lifestyle and rapidly growing industrialization, the need & demand
of transportation is increasing day- by- day. The number of
vehicles rolling on the road is increasing daily. Hence chances of
accidents are increasing while crossing the road especially by the
children and old persons. So it became necessary to install the
speed breakers (in true sense speed reducers) at the school
building or Hospital building- side road or highway. If these speed
breakers Yes! In true sense it is speed and ultimately breaker the
opposing impact energy supplied by the hard speed breaker will
apply massive thrust impact on the suspension system of the
vehicle. This impact force can be use for power generation using
regenerative method and use to charge battery and release load
of alternator or dynamo from engine.
Here on working this group task we over-come our following needs: We became able to have market survey
Doped capability of designing a system by collecting necessary data.

 Learnt actual practical fabrication processes of the sub-components of the

system.
Planning the cost estimation and budget.
Duties of a technician or an Engineer.

CHAPTER-03
SELECTION OF PROJECT

We the group of young engineers found that, there is an impending need to make
much more forays to make Non Conventional energy attain popular acclaim. This is
also very essential to preserve the conventional sources of energy and explore
viable alternatives like sustainable energy (the energy which we are already utilizing
but for some safety of other uses we are suddenly wasting it, that can be reutilized),
solar, wind and biomass that can enhance sustainable growth. What is more, such
alternatives are environment friendly and easily replenish able. Therefore, they
need to be thoroughly exploited with a functionally expedient, energy matrix mix.

A engineer is always focused towards challenges of bringing ideas and concepts to

life. Therefore, sophisticated machines and modern techniques have to be
constantly developed and implemented for economical manufacturing of products.
At the same time, we should take care that there has been no compromise made
with quality and accuracy.
In the age of automation machine become an integral part of human being. By the
use of automation machine prove it self that it gives high production rate than
manual production rate. In competition market every one wants to increase their
production & make there machine multipurpose.

The engineer is constantly conformed to the challenges of bringing ideas and design
into reality. New machines and techniques are being developed continuously to
manufacture various products at cheaper rates and high quality.

Growing economies, especially of Asia are gifted with sufficient resource base and
non-conventional energy technologies are consistent both for grid linked energy
generation and transmission in out of the way locales that are islanded from the
grid. Adaptation of technology and employing them should be pursued right from
this moment to have a head start, be informed of the barriers in technology
applications of the renewable variety and synergizing them with the existing,
traditional power production technology and T&D networks. It is known that in
coming times, wind energy will be the most cost-effective renewable resource. Yet,
it is doubtful if any individual technology would hold centre-stage.
Thus we selected kinetic generator means the Energy in motion when it is
suddenly applied with a sort of obstacle, then according to Newtons law
for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Utilization of this
reaction is the basic reason behind the selection of this project work.

OF THE MOVING VEHICLE TO

TRAIN
APPLY
OFIMPACT
GEAR POWER
AND
FORCE
PULLEYS
ON
THE
AND
SPEED
GENERATOR
BREAKER
GENERTAED
IN
TERMASYSTEM
OF GLOWING BULB OR CHARGI

FIG 1: The set up flow diagram

CHAPTER-04
INTRODUCTION TO NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY

The development planning process designs strategies and activities to use, enhance
or conserve both natural and economic goods and services. In big modern cities,
economic goods and services almost completely replace the natural ones.
Energy is the prime source of all socio-economic activities of the human community.
The demographic rate of growth globally and the widening spectrum of economic
growth would result in demands of energy at an incremental rate of 7 to 8%
annually. This can easily support a GDP growth of 8 to 9% per annum. Projections
point toward a doubling of global energy demands in the decade starting 2020.
There will be a marked shift in patterns of energy consumption whereby developing
economies of the world would have a share exceeding two-third of global energy
consumption by that period.
Fossil fuels' consumption would remain the major source of energy generation and
globally employed power generation technologies. The apportionment of renewable
energy in the entire energy supply will continue to be marginal in the real sense.
The contribution of renewable energy-excepting hydel energy and conventional

biomass-as a proportion of global energy output is pegged at a paltry 2%. This

scenario in all likelihood is not going to be altered therefore, guaranteeing the
possibility of nudging the renewable contribution up to 5% by 2020. The global
sources of fossil fuel will have become dearer due to their depletion thereby,
making the viability of fossil fuel plants restoring parity with the renewable sources.
60% of the cumulated energy needs world-wide would be met through renewable
sources.
Growing economies, especially of Asia are gifted with sufficient resource base and
non-conventional energy technologies are consistent both for grid linked energy
generation and transmission in out of the way locales that are islanded from the
grid. Adaptation of technology and employing them should be pursued right from
this moment to have a head start, be informed of the barriers in technology
applications of the renewable variety and synergizing them with the existing,
traditional power production technology and T&D networks. It is known that in
coming times, wind energy will be the most cost-effective renewable resource. Yet,
it is doubtful if any individual technology would hold centre-stage.
It was in the 1970s that the real potential and role of renewable energy sources was
sensed and identified in India for sustainable energy growths. During the past
quarter of a century, a significant thrust has been given to the development, trial
and induction of a variety of renewable energy technologies for use in different
sectors. The activities cover all major renewable energy sources, such as biogas,
biomass, solar energy, wind energy, small hydropower and other emerging
technologies.
India has presently among the world's plentiful agenda on renewable energy. in the
8th Plan, vis--vis a proposal of 600 MW generation, close to 1050 MW of power
generating capacity fastened to renewable energy sources was added. About 1500
MW of the total grid capacity in the country is now based on renewable energy
sources. India is rated fourth in the world with a wind power capacity of 1000-1100
MW. Small hydel power generation, which is especially ideal for remote, hilly
regions, presently not exploited but holds a potential of 500 MW in today's scenario.
India has an extensive cane sugar production and we are implementing the world's
biggest biogases based cogeneration programmed in agglomeration with sugar

mills. There is substantial leverage as regards to deducing energy from urban and
industrial wastes. The National Programmed lays special emphasis on supplying
energy to rural areas. Close to 2.75 million biogas plants and over 28 million
upgraded wood-stoves are also in use in the country.
In the sphere of solar energy use, solar photovoltaic and solar thermal technologies
are gaining immediate reception for a host of industrial and commercial
applications, as well as in Non Electrified and Rural Zones (NERZ). The country has
the world's largest assemblage of solar photovoltaic, consisting of about 500,000 PV
systems totaling to 39 MW, and encompassing over 30 variegated operations.
There is an added emphasis on venturing into grid quality power generation
Programmed oriented on solar thermal and solar photovoltaic technologies. A 140
MW Integrated Solar Combined Cycle (ISCC) Power Project is being accorded
conclusive shape to be established at Mathania near Jodhpur in Rajasthan. This will
be the first of its kind, and the largest such project in the world.
To give a fillip to power generation from renewable energy, State Governments and
utilities provide remunerative power purchase agreements and arrangements for
wheeling, banking and buy back of power. 12 States have so far announced policies
for non-conventional energy based power generation. The Indian Renewable Energy
Development Agency (IREDA), the corporate financing arm of the Ministry, is the
only Agency of its kind in the world dedicated to financing of renewable energy
projects. Interest rates vary from 0% to 16%, with special rates being offered for
projects.
There is an impending need to make much more forays to make Non Conventional
energy attain popular acclaim.

This is also very essential to preserve the

conventional sources of energy and explore viable alternatives like solar, wind and
biomass that can enhance sustainable growth. What is more, such alternatives are
environment friendly and easily replenish able.

Therefore, they need to be

thoroughly exploited with a functionally expedient, energy matrix mix.

A revolutionary step would be the advent of renewable energy co-operatives for
power vending, installation and servicing of renewable energy systems in pockets
like NERZs. With a view to take a long-term perspective, and to actualize the entire

scope of Non-Conventional energy sources, it is incumbent to draw up a capacious

Renewable Energy Policy involving all players in the field, together with the active
participation of consumers as well
In the Ninth Plan (1997-02), the accent is on according commercialization and
development of entrepreneurship in all Renewable and Non Conventional Energy
Schemes and Plans. An extra power generating capacity from Renewable and Non
Conventional Energy sources of about 1500 MW is envisaged.

The immediate

challenge is to reconcile the reduced budgetary allocations in the 9th Plan due to
fiscal control.

The Ministry of Non Conventional Energy has stated objective of

propping up 24,000 MW from Renewable and Non Conventional Energy by the year
2012.
The need is however to have adequate policy framework to be in place with an aim
to provide impetus through streamlining the structure of Renewable and Non
Conventional Energy. The high potential is what should spur maximum efforts. The
bottlenecks are that although there are good plans, we often fall short in measuring
up to meet the desired levels of optimization of our potential. If there is a strict
regiment by which Renewable and Non Conventional Energy Sources are utilized,
India is sure to have adequate measure of success. The Numero Uno position in
Renewable and Non Conventional Energy is well within reach with a little bit of
concerted effort.

CHAPTER -05
WORKING OF PROJECT

Regenerative suspension basically new concept of non-conventional energy

generation. It is electro-mechanical energy generating machine. This machine
converts reciprocating motion in to rotary motion. The rotational power is stored in
flywheel & flywheel rotates dynamo, which generates electricity.

Here first important point is how we get reciprocating motion, which is prime input
in the system. For that we use weight of moving vehicles that run on roads. We put
our mechanism on bike suspension, the head of rack with pinion. When vehicles
move on speed breaker rack will be reciprocate. The rack is attached with pinion
that rotates in one direction only. The rack & pinion arrangement convert
reciprocating motion in to rotary motion.
This rotary motion is further magnified using chain drive. The output of free wheel is
attached with flywheel which stores kinetic energy and transfer to dynamo which
generate electricity with zero cost.
A "generator" and "motor" is essentially the same thing: what you call it depends on
whether electricity is going into the unit or coming out of it. A generator produces
electricity. In a generator, something causes the shaft and armature to spin. An
electric current is generated, as shown in the picture (lightning bolt).Lots of things
can be used to make a shaft spin - a pinwheel, a crank, a bicycle, a water wheel, a
diesel engine, or even a jet engine. They're of different sizes but it's the same
general idea. It doesn't matter what's used to spin the shaft - the electricity that's
produced is the same.

CHAPTER-06

METHODOLOGY

Here following method is adopted to generate the electricity:

The set up is designed.

Its subcomponents are manufactured

The sub components are assembled together

The set up is tested for checking whether it performing its intended task or
not.

Under this method the fly wheel is the key component for energy
transformation.

Flywheel
Introduction
Flywheel is a device to smoothen the cyclic fluctuation of speed change when
delivering constant output power from the engine. It has no influence on the mere
speed of the prime mover. It has no influence on the varying load demand on the
prime mover or the delivered power from the prime mover. In is the forgoing
discussion, it is observed that turning moment diagrams for the cycle show period
during which torque is in excess of the mean torque responsible for the constant
power output and also periods during which the torque is less than the mean
torque. Thus the speed of the flywheel would increase during period of excess of
torque during the cycle and the speed will fall during the period of the deficit torque
during the cycle. Thus a flywheel stores energy and releases energy during the
cycle without affecting mean energy output. Thus a properly designed flywheel has
to ensure the cyclic fluctuations of speed within prescribed limits preferably as small
as possible.
Definition of the flywheel:A flywheel used in machine serves as a reservoir which stores energy during the
period when the supply of energy is more than the requirement and releases it
during the period when the requirement of energy is more than the supply.

Working of the flywheel:The excess energy is developed during power stroke is absorbed by flywheel and
releases it to the crankshaft during the other stroke in which no energy is
developed, thus rotating the crankshaft at a uniform speed. A little consideration
will show that when the flywheel absorbs energy, its speed increases and when it
releases energy, the speed decreases. Hence a flywheel does not maintain a
constant speed; it simply reduces the fluctuation of speed. In other words, a
flywheel controls the speed variations caused by the fluctuation of the engine
turning moment during each cycle of operation.

Application:Flywheel are mostly used in machine where the operation is intermitted like
punching machines, shearing machines, riveting machines, crushers etc, the
flywheel stores energy from the power source during the greater portion of the
operating cycle and gives it up during a small period of the cycle. Thus the energy
from power source to the machines is supplied practically at a constant rate
throughout the operation.

column

Support

Base

CHAPTER-07
LITERATURE SURVEY

WHAT IS ELECTRICITY?
Electricity is a form of energy. Electricity is the flow of electrons. All matter is made
up of atoms, and an atom has a center, called a nucleus. The nucleus contains
positively charged particles called protons and uncharged particles called neutrons.
The nucleus of an atom is surrounded by negatively charged particles called
electrons. The negative charge of an electron is equal to the positive charge of a
proton, and the number of electrons in an atom is usually equal to the number of
protons. When the balancing force between protons and electrons is upset by an
outside force, an atom may gain or lose an electron. When electrons are "lost" from
an atom, the free movement of these electrons constitutes an electric current.
Electricity is a basic part of nature and it is one of our most widely used forms of
energy. We get electricity, which is a secondary energy source, from the conversion
of other sources of energy, like coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear power and other
natural sources, which are called primary sources. Many cities and towns were built
alongside waterfalls (a primary source of mechanical energy) that turned water
wheels to perform work. Before electricity generation began slightly over 100 years
ago, houses were lit with kerosene lamps, food was cooled in iceboxes, and rooms
were warmed by wood-burning or coal-burning stoves. Beginning with Benjamin
Franklin's experiment with a kite one stormy night in Philadelphia, the principles of
electricity gradually became understood. In the mid-1800s, Thomas Edison changed
everyone's life -- he perfected his invention -- the electric light bulb. Prior to 1879,
electricity had been used in arc lights for outdoor lighting. Edison's invention used
electricity to bring indoor lighting to our homes.
HOW ELECTRICITY IS MADE?
Electricity can be made or generated by moving a wire (conductor) through a
magnetic field.

FIG 4:- Magnetism.

A bar magnet has a north and South Pole. If it is placed under a sheet of paper and
iron filings are sprinkled over the top of the paper, these iron filings will arrange
themselves into a pattern of lines that link the north pole with the south pole of the
magnet (see diagram 1). These lines show the magnetic field around the magnet.

FIG 5(a):- Making Electricity.

If a coil of wire is moved within a magnetic field so that it passes through the
magnetic field, electrons in the wire are made to move (as in diagram 2). When the
coil of wire is connected into an electric circuit (at the terminals A and a) the
electrons are under pressure to move in a certain direction and a current will flow.
This electrical pressure is called voltage.

The amount of pressure or voltage depends on the strength and position of the
magnetic field relative to the coil, as well as the speed at which the coil is turning.
As the amount of electricity changes so does its voltage.

FIG 5(b) & 5(c)

FIG 5(d)

FIG 5(e)
In the diagram above, the coil of wire is rotating in a clockwise direction. When the
coil of wire is in the horizontal position 1the voltage is greatest (diagram 4) because
the coil is passing through the strongest part of the magnetic field. At this stage the
current flows from 1 to 2 to 3 to 4, out through terminal A, through the globe and
back into terminal a. When the coil of wire is in the vertical position (2), no
electricity is produced because the coil does not cut the magnetic field, and no
current flows. When the coil of wire is in the horizontal position again 3 the voltage
is at its maximum (3), however the current flows in the opposite direction 4 to 3 to 2
to 1, out through terminal a, through the globe, and back into terminal A.
The current produced changes direction every half turn (180 degrees). This is called
alternating current or AC. The generators at large power stations produce nearly all
the electricity we use in this way.

IMPORTANCE OF SYSTEM
This system very suitable for our country because we have wide range of road.
State/UT

Total Road Length Area

(km)

Population Road Length (km)

(sq.km) (million)

(per
100

(per 1 million

sq.km)

of population)

A & N Islands

1224

8249

Andhra Pradesh

172669

15

3497

27506
73
8

63

2354

Arunachal Pradesh 10240

83743 1

12

9394

Assam

68079

78438 25

87

2693

Bihar

85565

17387
95
7

49

898

Chandigarh

1723

114

1511

2127

D & N Haveli

518

491

105

3047

Delhi

26582

1483

13

1792

2132

Goa

7457

3814

196

5108

Gujarat

133850

19602
46
4

68

2883

Haryana

27907

44212 19

63

1467

Himachal Pradesh 29610

55673 6

53

4753

J&K

13042

22223
9
6

1408

Karnataka

142754

19179
50
1

74

2839

Kerala

141856

38863 32

365

4509

Madhya Pradesh

198936

44344
76
6

45

2617

Maharashtra

359262

30769
88
0

117

4070

Manipur

10760

22327 2

48

4678

Meghalaya

8391

22429 2

37

3780

Mizoram

6910

21081 1

33

7943

Nagaland

13732

16579 2

83

8975

Orissa

210238

15570
35
7

135

6015

Pondicherry

2343

495

473

2320

Punjab

58151

50362 23

115

2550

Rajasthan

134632

34223
51
9

39

2638

Sikkim

1834

7096

26

3596

Tamil Nadu

205706

13005
60
8

158

3412

Tripura

14726

10486 4

140

4256

Uttar Pradesh

237358

29441
161
1

81

1477

West Bengal

77579

88752 76

87

1019

CHAPTER 8
MATERIAL SELECTION

The proper selection of material for the different part of a machine is the main
objective in the fabrication of machine. For a design engineer it is must that he be
familiar with the effect, which the manufacturing process and heat treatment have
on the properties of materials. The Choice of material for engineering purposes
depends upon the following factors:
1. Availability of the materials.
2. Suitability of materials for the working condition in service.
3. The cost of materials.
4. Physical and chemical properties of material.
5. Mechanical properties of material.
The mechanical properties of the metals are those, which are associated with the
ability of the material to resist mechanical forces and load. We shall now discuss
these properties as follows:
1. Strength : It is the ability of a material to resist the externally applied forces
2. Stress: Without breaking or yielding. The internal resistance offered by a
part to an externally applied force is called stress.
3. Stiffness: It is the ability of material to resist deformation under stresses.
The modules of elasticity of the measure of stiffness.
4. Elasticity: It is the property of a material to regain its original shape after
deformation when the external forces are removed. This property is desirable
for material used in tools and machines. It may be noted that steel is more
elastic than rubber.
5. Plasticity: It is the property of a material, which retain the deformation
produced under load permanently. This property of material is necessary for
forging, in stamping images on coins and in ornamental work.
6. Ductility: It is the property of a material enabling it to be drawn into wire
with the application of a tensile force. A ductile material must be both strong
and plastic. The ductility is usually measured by the terms, percentage

elongation and percent reduction in area. The ductile materials commonly

used in engineering practice are mild steel, copper, aluminum, nickel, zinc,
tin and lead.
7. Brittleness: It is the property of material opposite to ductile. It is the
Property of breaking of a material with little permanent distortion. Brittle
materials when subjected to tensile loads snap off without giving any sensible
elongation. Cast iron is a brittle material.
8. Malleability: It is a special case of ductility, which permits material to be
rolled or hammered into thin sheets, a malleable material should be plastic
but it is not essential to be so strong. The malleable materials commonly
used in engineering practice are lead, soft steel, wrought iron, copper and
aluminum.
9. Toughness: It is the property of a material to resist the fracture due to high
impact loads like hammer blows. The toughness of the material decreases
when it is heated.

It is measured by the amount of absorbed after being

stressed up to the point of fracture. This property is desirable in parts

subjected to shock an impact loads.
10.

Resilience: It is the property of a material to absorb energy and to

resist rock and impact loads. It is measured by amount of energy absorbed

per unit volume within elastic limit. This property is essential for spring
material.
11.

Creep: When a part is subjected to a constant stress at high

temperature for long period of time, it will undergo a slow and permanent
deformation called creep. This property is considered in designing internal
combustion engines, boilers and turbines.
12.

Hardness: It is a very important property of the metals and has a wide

verity of meanings. It embraces many different properties such as resistance

to wear scratching, deformation and mach inability etc. It also means the
ability of the metal to cut another metal. The hardness is usually expressed in
numbers, which are dependent on the method of making the test. The
hardness of a metal may be determined by the following test.
a

Brinell hardness test

Rockwell hardness test

Vickers hardness (also called diamond pyramid) test and

Share scaleroscope.

The science of the metal is a specialized and although it overflows in to realms of

knowledge it tends to shut away from the general reader. The knowledge of
materials and their properties is of great significance for a design engineer. The
machine elements should be made of such a material which has properties suitable
for the conditions of operations. In addition to this a design engineer must be
familiar with the manufacturing processes and the heat treatments have on the
properties of the materials. In designing the various part of the machine it is
necessary to know how the material will function in service. For this certain
characteristics or mechanical properties mostly used in mechanical engineering
practice are commonly determined from standard tensile tests. In engineering
practice, the machine parts are subjected to various forces, which may be due to
either one or more of the following.

1. Energy transmitted
2. Weight of machine
3. Frictional resistance
4. Inertia of reciprocating parts
5. Change of temperature
6. Lack of balance of moving parts
The selection of the materials depends upon the various types of stresses that are
set up during operation. The material selected should with stand it. Other criteria for
selection of metal depend upon the type of load because a machine part resist load
more easily than a live load and live load more easily than a shock load.
Selection of the material depends upon factor of safety, which in turn depends upon
the following factors.
1. Reliabilities of properties
2. Reliability of applied load
3. The certainty as to exact mode of failure
4. The extent of simplifying assumptions
5. The extent of localized
6. The extent of initial stresses set up during manufacturing

7. The extent loss of life if failure occurs

8. The extent of loss of property if failure occurs
Material used
Mild steel
Reasons:
1. Mild steel is readily available in market
2. It is economical to use
3. It is available in standard sizes
4. It has good mechanical properties i.e. it is easily machinable
5. It has moderate factor of safety, because factor of safety results in
unnecessary wastage of material and heavy selection. Low factor of safety
results in unnecessary risk of failure
6. It has high tensile strength
7. Low co-efficient of thermal expansion
PROPERTIES OF MILD STEEL:
M.S. has carbon content from 0.15% to 0.30%. They are easily wieldable thus can
be hardened only. They are similar to wrought iron in properties. Both ultimate
tensile and compressive strength of these steel increases with increasing carbon
content. They can be easily gas welded or electric or arc welded. With increase in
the carbon percentage weld ability decreases. Mild steel serve the purpose and was
hence was selected because of the above purpose

BRIGHT MATERIAL:
It is a machine drawned. The main basic difference between mild steel and bright
metal is that mild steel plates and bars are forged in the forging machine by means
is not forged. But the materials are drawn from the dies in the plastic state.
Therefore the material has good surface finish than mild steel and has no carbon
deposits on its surface for extrusion and formation of engineering materials thus
giving them a good surface finish and though retaining their metallic properties

BILL OF MATERIAL
SR NO

PART NAME

MATERIA
L

QTY

FRAME

MS

40kg

FLYWHEEL

MS

15kg

SHAFT

EN8

BIG SPROKET

MS

SMALL SPROKET

MS

DYNAMO

STD

BELT

------

CHAIN

BIKE SUSPENSION

STD

10

RACK

MS

11

HANDEL

MS

12

NUT BOLT WASHER

STD

12

13

SUPPORT

MS

14

FREE WHEEL

STD

15

WELDING ROD

5 /pcs

25

16

COLOUR

300/lit

0.75 lit

CHAPTER 9
COST ESTIMATION

The machine tool designer must furnish the management with an idea of how
much tooling will cost, and how much money the productions methods save over a
specified run. This information is generally furnished in a form of cost worksheets.
By referring to the cost worksheets the final cost of machine is calculated.
Cost estimation is defined as the process of forecasting expenses that are
incurred to manufacture a product.

These expenses take into account all

expenditure involved in designing and manufacturing with all the related service
facilities such as material handling, heat treatment and surface coating, as well as
portion of general administrative and selling costs.

NEED OF COST ESTIMATION:-

1. Determine the selling price of a product for a quotation or contract, so as to

ensure a reasonable profit to the company.
2. Check the quotations supplied by the vendors.

3. Decide whether a part or assembly is economical to be manufactured in the

plant or is to be purchased from outside.
4. Determine the most economical process or material to manufacture a
product.
5. Initiate means of cost reduction in existing production facilities by using new
materials which result in savings due to lower scrap loss and revised methods
of tooling and processing.
6. To determine standards of production performance that may be used to
control costs.

ELEMENTS OF COST ENCOUNTERED IN THE PROJECT:The cost encountered in this project is material cost, labour cost, cost of standard
parts, designing cost and cost of indirect expenses.

1) DESIGN COST:The designing cost is calculated by considering the amount taken by the designer (if
so) and the cost of designing material.

2) MATERIAL COST:The material cost can be calculated by finding the total volume of the material used
and the weight of the material.

For calculation the value and the weight, the

following procedure is adopted:

In actual procedure, there are some holes and shapes cut.

But they are

considered to be solid while calculation the total volume of material used.

While calculation the volume the triangle shaped parts and the T shaped
parts are considering as rectangular or square plates.

The weight of the parts is calculation by multiplying the total volume and the
density of the material (M.S.) which is equal to 7.76665x10 3 Kg/Cc.

The total cost can be obtained by multiplying the total weight by the rate of
material.

COST OF RAW AND FINISH MATERIAL

SR NO

PART NAME

RATE

QTY

TOTAL

FRAME

50/ kg

40kg

2000

FLYWHEEL

50/ kg

15kg

750

SHAFT

150

300

BIG SPROKET

20/teet
h

24teeth

480

FREE WHEEL

100

100

DYNAMO

600

600

BELT

125

125

CHAIN

350

350

BIKE SUSPENSION

1500

1500

800

800

10

RACK

11

HANDEL

45/kg

2 KG

90

12

NUT BOLT WASHER

--------

-------

200

13

SUPPORT

----------

450

14

WELDING ROD

10 /pcs

25

250

15

COLOUR

300/lit

1 lit

300

TOTAL

B) DIRECT LABOUR COST:-

SR. NO.
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

OPERATION

HOURS

RATE /
LABOUR

AMOUNT

Turning

10

150

1500

Milling

150

300

Drilling

100

700

Welding

16

175

2800

Grinding

60

180

Tapping

40

120

Cutting

40

320

8.

9.

10.

Gas cutting

50

400

Assembly

100

200

Painting

100

200

TOTAL

6720/-

INDIRECT COST
Transportation cost = 500/Coolent & lubricant = 100/Drawing cost = 500/Project report cost = 2000/TOTAL INDIRECT COST = 2100/-

TOTAL COST
Raw Material Cost + STD Parts Cost + Direct Labor Cost +Indirect Cost
Total cost of project = A + B +C
Total cost of project = --------- /-

CHAPTER NO 10
MACHINE DESIGN

STRUCTURAL DESIGN METHODS

Introduction : This chapter describes some of the mathematical technique

used by designers of complex structures. Mathematical models and analysis are
briefly describe and detail description is given of the finite element method of
structural analysis. Solution techniques are presented for static, dynamic & model
analysis problems. As part of the design procedure the designer must be analyses
the
entire structure and some of its components. To perform this analysis the designer
will develop mathematical models of structure that are approximation of the real
structure, these models are used to determine the important parameters in the
design.
The type of structural model the designer uses depends on the information that is
needed and the type of analysis the designer can perform.
Three types of structural models are

Rigid Members: The entire structure or parts of the structure are considered

to be rigid, hence no deformation can occur in these members.

2

Flexible members : The entire structure or parts of the structure are

modeled

by members that can deform, but in limited ways. Examples of this members
trusses, beams and plates.
3

Continuum : A continuum model of structure is the most general, since few if

any mathematical assumptions about the behavior of the structure need to be
made prior to making a continuum model. A continuum member is based on the
full three dimensional equations of continuum models.

In selecting a model of the structure, the designer also must consider type of
analysis
to be performed. Four typical analysis that designers perform are :

1 Static equilibrium : In this analysis the designer is trying to the determine

the overall forces and moments that the design will undergo. The analysis is
usually done with a rigid members of model of structure and is the simplest
analysis to perform.
2 Deformation : This analysis is concerned with how much the structure will
move when operating under the design loads. This analysis is usually done with
flexible members.
3 Stress : In this analysis the designers wants a very detailed picture of where
and at what level the stresses are in the design. This analysis usually done with
continuum members.
4 Frequency : This analysis is concerned with determining the natural
frequencies and made shape of a structure. This analysis can be done with either
flexible members of a structure. This analysis can be done with either flexible
members or continuum members but now the mass of the members is included
in
the analysis.

The subject of MACHINE DESIGN deals with the art of designing machine of
structure. A machine is a combination of resistance bodies with successfully
constrained relative motions which is used for transforming other forms of energy
into mechanical energy or transmitting and modifying available design is to create
new and better machines or structures and improving the existing ones such that it
will convert and control motions either with or without transmitting power. It is the
practical application of machinery to the design and construction of machine and
structure. In order to design simple component satisfactorily, a sound knowledge of
applied science is essential. In addition, strength and properties of materials
including some metrological are of prime importance. Knowledge of theory of

machine and other branch of applied mechanics is also required in order to know
the velocity. Acceleration and inertia force of the various links in motion, mechanics
of machinery involve the design.

CONCEPT IN M.D.P.

Consideration in Machine Design

When a machine is to be designed the following points to be considered: i)

Types of load and stresses caused by the load.

ii)

Motion of the parts and kinematics of machine. This deals with the
type of motion i.e. reciprocating . Rotary and oscillatory.

iii)

Selection of material & factors like strength, durability, weight,

corrosion resistant, weld ability, machine ability are considered.

iv)

Form and size of the components.

v)

Frictional resistances and ease of lubrication.

vi)

Convince and economical in operation.

vii)

Use of standard parts.

viii)

Facilities available for manufacturing.

ix)

Cost of making the machine.

x)

Number of machine or product are manufactured.

GENERAL PROCEDURE IN MACHINE DESIGN

The general steps to be followed in designing the machine are as followed.
i)

Preparation of a statement of the problem indicating the purpose of

the machine.

ii)

Selection of groups of mechanism for the desire motion.

iii)

Calculation of the force and energy on each machine member.

iv)

Selection of material.

v)

Determining the size of component drawing and sending for

Manufacture.

vi)

Preparation of component drawing and sending for manufacture.

vii)

Manufacturing and assembling the machine.

viii)

Testing of the machine and for functioning.

Design of Rack

Design load

500kg

500 x 9.81

4905 N

Selecting Material as C 45
y =

360 N / mm

F.O.S. =
c =

2
360 / 2

c =

180 N / mm

5 x c
=

0.5 x 180 N / mm

90 N / mm

To find Shear Stress induced

= F/A
= 4905 / (20 x 5) N / mm
= 49.05 N / mm

F (induced) = 49.05 < 90 N / mm

 (induced) < permissible

Design of RACK is SAFE

Since, the standard RACK available in market is of 10 DP corresponding

standard pinion available is of 10 DP.

Design of Transmission System

1) Speed of Pinion

2) Transmission Ratio of chain drive

34 RPM (MEASURED)
2.4

3) Number Of Teeth On Small Sprocket

= T1 = 18

To find number of teeth on big sprocket

T1 x T.R

18 x 2.4

43.2 = 44 TEETH

As big sprocket & Pinion on same shaft,

Speed of Pinion

Speed of Big sprocket

34 RPM

To Calculate the RPM obtained at Small sprocket

=

34 x 2.4 RPM

Torque induced on Pinion Shaft, T1

81.6 RPM

FxR

where, R = Radius of Pinion

=
T1

4905 x 25
=

122.63 x 10 N-mm

Selecting Material for Shaft as C 45,

y =
F.O.S. =

360 N / mm
2

c =

360 / 2

c =

180 N / mm

5 x c
=

0.5 x 180 N / mm

90 N / mm

Applying Max. Shear Stress Theory we get,

T1

( / 16) x d x

122.63 x 10

( / 16) x d x 90

19.07 mm

so we select dia of shaft =20 mm

For 20 mm dia shaft we select pedestal bearing from design data book =
P204

Design of Flywheel

As we know 500 ROM is required. To generate electricity by dynamo so we design

diameter of FLYWHEEL

Dia of FLYWHEEL
_________________________

N (dynamo)
=

__________________

Dia of Dynamometer Pulley

N (Flywheel)

D (flywheel)

500

___________

_____________

50

85
D (flywheel)

294 mm

Hence, we have selected diameter of Flywheel as 300mm available in

market

100

FLYWHEEL
FREEWHE
EL

DIA=300m
m

SHAFT

CALCULATION OF EXCESS ENERGY IN FLYWHEEL

We know

E = I Kw 2

E = EXCEES ENERGY IN FLY WHEEL

Kw = COIEFFICIENT OF FLUCTION OF SPEED

= MEAN ANGULAR VELOCITY

= MASS MOMENT OF INERTIA

I = m X k2

m=XV

( = density of concrete = 0.00078 )

V = (3.14 x d2 x t ) / 4

V = (3.14 x 302 x 10 ) / 4

V = 7065 cm3

m = 0.00078 X 7065

m = 5.5 kg

k2 = D2/8

(for disc type flywheel from PSG DESIGN DATA BOOK )

k2 = 3002/8

k = 106mm

Kw = (1 - 2) /

= 2 x 3.14 x N / 60

= 2 x 3.14 x 85 / 60

= 8.90 rad/sec

1 = 9.9 rad/sec

( By trial & error method )

2 = 7.9 rad/sec

( By trial & error method )

Kw = (9.9- 7.9) / 8.9

Kw = 0.224

E = I Kw 2

E = 684.36 x 103 x 0.224 x 8.92

E = 12.2 x 106 / 106

E = 12.2 watt

DESIGN OF CHAIN & SPROCKET

We know,
TRANSMISSION RATIO = Z2 / Z1 = 44/18 = 2.44

For this transmission ratio number of teeth on pinion sprocket is in the range of 21 to 17 , so we
select number of teeth on pinion sprocket as 18 teeth.
So , Z1 = 18 teeth
SELECTION OF PITCH OF SPROCKET
The pitch is decided on the basis of RPM of sprocket.
RPM of big sprocket is variable in normal condition it is = 34 rpm
For this rpm value we select pitch of sprocket as 12.7mm from table.
P = 12.7mm

CALCULATION OF MINIMUM CENTER DISTANCE BETWEEN

SPROCKETS
THE TRANSMISSION RATIO = Z2 / Z1 = 44/18 = 2.44 which is less than 3.
So from table,
MINIMUM CENTER DISTANCE = C + (30 to 50 mm )

Where C =

Dc1 + Dc2
2

C =

60 + 200
2

C = 130 mm
MINIMUM CENTER DISTANCE = 130 + (30 to 50 mm )
MINIMUM CENTER DISTANCE = 180 mm
Due to size of system restriction we select center distance = 400 mm
CALCULATION OF MODULE
We know module m = ( ( Z1-Z2 ) / 2 * 3.14 )2
We know module m = ( ( 44-18) / 2 * 3.14 )2
m = 17.14 mm
CALCULATION OF VALUES OF CONSTANTS K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6
Load factor K1 = 1.25 ( Load with mild shock )

Factor for distance regulation K2 = 1.25 (Fixed center distance)

Factor for center distance of sprocket K3 =0.8
Factor for position of sprocket K4 = 1
Lubrication factor K5 = 1.5 (periodic)
Rating factor K6 = 1.0 (single shift)
CALCULATION OF VALUE OF FACTOR OF SAFETY
For pitch = 12.7 & speed of rotation of big sprocket = 34 rpm
FACTOR OF SAFETY = 8.55

CALCULATION OF VALUE OF ALLOWABLE BEARING STRESS

For pitch = 12.7 & speed of rotation of big sprocket = 34 rpm
ALLOWABLE BEARING STRESS = 2.87 kg / cm2
= 2.87 * 981 / 100 =28 N /mm2
CALCULATION OF COEFFICENT OF SAG K
For horizontal position coefficient of sag K = 6
CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM TENSION ON CHAIN
As we know maximum torque on shaft = Tmax = 98 x 103 N-mm
Where ,
T1 = Tension in tight side
T2 = Tension in slack side
O1,O2 = center distance between two shaft
From fig.
Sin = R1 - R2
O1O2
Sin = 100 - 30
660
Sin = 0.1
=6
TO FIND
= (180 2 ) X 3.14/180
= (180 2*6 ) X 3.14/180

 = 2.9 rad
we know that,
T1/T2 = e
T1/T2 = e0.35 x 2.9
T1 = 1.1 T2
We have,
T = ( T1 T2 ) X R
98000= ( 1.1 T2 T2 ) X 100
T2 = 9800 N
T1 = 1.1 X 9800
T1 = 10780 N
So tension in tight side = 10780 N

CALULATION OF MINIMUM BREAKING LOAD OF CHAIN

LENGTH OF CHAIN

L = 2C/P + ( Z1 +Z2 ) / 2 + ( ( Z2 Z1 ) /3.14 * 2) 2 * C/ P

L = 2*660/12.7+(18 +44) / 2 + ( ( 44 18 ) /3.14 * 2) 2 * 660/12.7
L = 1026mm
Calculation of chain velocity = (3.14*Np) / (60000Sin (180 / Z1) )
v = (3.14*350) / (60000Sin (180 / 18)
v = 0.1m / sec
We know,
Q = N*75*n* Ks / v

Where ,
N = rpm of small sprocket
Q = minimum breaking load of chain
V = chain velocity
.n = allowable factor of safety
Ks = K1*K2*K3*K4*K5*K6
Q = 350*75*8.55*1.875 / 0.1
Q = 4208203.125 kgf
Q = 41.28 * 106 N
As minimum load bearing capacity is much more than applied load so design of chain is safe.
Design of bolt:Bolt is to be fastened tightly also it will take load due to rotation. Stress for C-25 steel ft =420
kg/cm2 . Std nominal diameter of bolt is 10mm. From table in design data book, diameter
corresponding to M12 bolt is 8.160mm
Let us check the strength :Also initial tension in the bolt when belt is fully tightened.
P = 2.5 kg is the value of force for belt
P = 2.5 kg Being the four bolts the load is shared as
P= p/4 =6.25 N.
Also, P = /4 dc2x ft
6.25 x 4
ft = ------------------------------ = 0.078 N / mm 2

3.14 x ( 12 x 0.84)2
the calculated ft is less than the maximum ft hence our design is safe.

CHAPTER- 11
MANUFACTURING

The process of conversion of raw material in to finished products using the three
resources as Man, machine and finished sub-components. Manufacturing is the term
by which we transform resource inputs to create Useful goods and services as
outputs. Manufacturing can also be said as an intentional act of producing
something useful. The transformation process is shown belowINPUT

Conventional process

OUTPUT

Element

Transformation

Useful product

Material

Machines

Products

Data

Interpretation

Knowledge

FIG 7:- Transformation Process

It is the phase after the design. Hence referring to the those values we will plan
The various processes using the following machines:1. Universal lathe
2. Milling machine
3. Grinding machine
4. Power saw
5. Drill machine
6. Electric arc welding machine
FABRICATION AND OPERATION SHEET:
NAME OF THE PART SHAFT
MATERIAL BRIGHT STEEL
QUANTITY 2

SR.NO.

DETAIL OPER.

1.

Marking on

M/C. USED

TOOL USED

ACCES

MEA.INST.

Scale

shaft
2.

3.

4.

Cutting as per

Power

Hock saw

Jig &

dwg

hack saw

blade

fixtures

Facing both

Lathe

Single point

Chuck

side of shaft

machine

cutting tool

Turning as per

Scale

Vernier
caliper

dwg size

5.

Filling on both
end

COMPONENT: FRAME
MATERIAL: - M.S. ANGLE
QUANTITY: -1

Flat file

Vice

SR.

DESCRIPTION

MACHINE

CUTTING

MEASUREMENT

TIME

NO

OF OPERATION

USED

Cutting the

Gas

Gas

Steel rule

15min.

angle in to

cutting

cutter

length as per

machine

Steel rule

15min.

File

Try square

15 min.

-------

Try square

20 min

Twist drill

Vernier calliper

10 min.

dwg
2

Cutting the

Gas

Gas

angle in to

cutting

cutter

number of

machine

piece as per
dwg
3

Filing
operation can
be performed
on cutting

Bench
vice

side and bring

it in
perpendicular
C.S.
4

Weld the

Electric

angles to the

arc

required size

welding

as per the

machine

drawing
5

Drilling the

Radial drill

frame at

machine

required
points as per
the drawing.

COMPONENT: GEAR
MATERIAL: - M.S
QUANTITY: -1
SR.
NO

DESCRIPTION

MACHINE

CUTTING

MEASUREMENT

TIME

OF

USED

------

----------

-------------

---------

Face both side

Lathe

Single

Vernier caliper

15 min.

of hub portion

machine

point

Vernier caliper

20 min.

Vernier calliper

10 min.

----------------

5 min.

OPERATION
1

Take standard
gear as per
design

cutting
tool
3

Hold it in

Lathe

Single

three jaw

machine

point

chuck & bore

cutting

inner dia as

tool

per shaft size

4

Cut key way

Slotting

Single

as per dwg

machine

point
cutting
tool

Filling burrs

Flat fill

---------

COMPONENT: PULLEY
MATERIAL: - pvc
QUANTITY: -1
SR.

DESCRIPTION

MACHINE

CUTTING

MEASUREMENT

TIME

NO

OF OPERATION

USED

Take standard

------

----------

-------------

---------

Face both side

Lathe

Single

Vernier caliper

15 min.

of hub portion

machine

point

Vernier caliper

20 min.

Twist drill

Vernier calliper

10 min.

Tap

Vernier calliper

10 min.

pulley as per
design
2

cutting
tool
3

Hold it in

Lathe

Single

three jaw

machine

point

chuck & bore

cutting

inner dia as

tool

per shaft size

4

Drilling the

Radial drill

hub at

machine

required
points as per
the drawing
5

Tap the hub at

Hand tap

drill area.

set

COMPONENT: RACK
MATERIAL: - M.S
QUANTITY: -1
SR.NO.

OPERATION

MACHINE

TOOL /

TIME

GAUGE
1.

Cut the

Power saw

rectangular rod for

machine

H.S. blade

15 min

Try square

20 min

60 min

required length
2.

Straighten it and

Surface

grind it on surface

grinder

grinder
3.

Set it on milling

Milling

Indexing

machine and set

machine

head, gear

the indexing for

tooth Vernier

the same pitch as

the pinion gear
4.

Keep both the rack

Furnace

Tongue

25 min

Oil bath

Tongue

10 min

and pinion in oil

bath and heat it.

5.

Suddenly quench it
in oil bath

COMPONENT: HINGE PLATE

MATERIAL: - M.S
QUANTITY: -1
SR.NO.

OPERATION

MACHINE

TOOL/GAUGE

TIME

1.

Cut M.S. Sheet of

Hand lever

Steel rule

15 min.

3mm thickness of

cutting

required

machine

Hand press

Bending dies

20 min.

Weld hinge at one

Welding

Welding rod

10 min.

edge

machine

Corners are rounded

-----------

Hand grinder

10 min.

It is coated with red

Air

Red oxide and

20 min

oxide and then after

compressor

green paint

dimensions.
2.

It is bent at its
edges

3.

4.

off
5.

painted

CHAPTER 15
PREACUTIONS & SAFETY MEASURES

Following precautions and safety measures are taken to make our creation a grand
success.

PRECAUTION:-

1. The suspension plate should be adjusted uniformly

2. The alignment of rack and pinion arrangement should be properly done.
3. Lubricate moving component
4. The system should be robustly designed.

SAFETY MEASURES:-

1. Do not touch the top plate when the system is in operating condition
2. Do not touch the transmission system.

CHAPTER 13
MAINTENANCE

Maintenance:No machine in the universe is 100% maintenance free machine. Due to its
continuous use it is undergoing wear and tear of the mating and sliding
components. Also due to the chemical reaction takes place when the material
comes in the contact with water, makes its corrosion. Hence it is required to
replaced or repaired. This process of repairing and replacing is called as
maintenance work.

AUTONOMOUS MAINTAINENCE ACTIVITY:1. Conducting initial cleaning & inspection.

2. Eliminate sources of dirt, debris, excess lubricants etc.
3. Improve cleaning maintainability.
4. Understand equipment functioning.
5. Develop inspection skills.
6. Develop standard checklists.
7. Institute autonomous inspection.
8. Organize and manage the work environment.
9. Manage equipment reliability.

CLAIR CLEANING, LUBRICATING, ADJUSTMENT, INSPECTION

CLEANING
Why cleaning?

Prevent or eliminate contamination.

Find ways to simplify the cleaning process.
Facilitates through inspection when done by knowledgeable operators and \ or
maintainers.
CLEANING IS INSPECTION

Clean equipment
Thoroughly

Look at and touch every area on the equipment

Free equipment from

Contamination

Detect deterioration and defective

Identify difficulties
parts in to
Remarkable
clean areassources of contamination Normal
Equipment
Or
Abnormal

Expose hidden
Defects

CLEANING PROCESS

What to look for when cleaning.

1. Missing part
2. Wear
3. Rust and corrosion
4. Noise
5. Cracks
6. Proper alignment
7. Leaks

8. Play or sloppiness

VISUAL AIDS TO MAINTAIN CORRECT EQUIPMENT CONDITION:

Match marks on nut and bolts

Color marking of permissible operating ranges on dials and gauges

Marking of fluid type and flow direction of pipes

Marking at open / closed position on valves

Labeling at lubrication inlets and tube type

Marking minimum / maximum fluid levels

Label inspection sequences

ADJUST & MINOR REPAIR:

Minor repairs if

Trained

Experienced

Performs safety

Simple tool required

Not longer than 20/30 minutes

CHRONIC
LOSSES

LOSS IS
UNRECOGNISED

Remedial action
Unsuccessful

LOSS IS
RECOGNISED

Remedial action
Can not be taken
CRONIC DEFECTS

Remedial action is not taken

EQUIPMENT IMPROVEMENT:1. Restore obvious deterioration throughout.

2. Establish plan select pilot area, determine bottleneck.
3. Study and understand the production process.
4. Establish goals for improvement.
5. Clarify the problem, collect the reference manuals contact resources.
6. Conduct evaluation through such techniques as RCM analysis, FMECA, FTA
(Root cause failure analysis).
7. Determine improvement priorities, costs and benefits.
8. Execute improvement in pilot area standardize technique and document what
you have done.
9. Monitor results and optimize based on those results.
10.Implement plant wide

EQUIPMENT RESPONSIBILITIES OF OPERATOR:-

Operation with the proper standard procedure.

Failure prevention.

Failure resolution.

Inspection.

Equipment up keep.

Cleaning.

Lubricating.

Lightning fasteners.

Minor repairs.

Trouble shooting.

CHAPTER-16
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Following different references are taken while collection and manufacturing

Literature and project: -

1. WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY

HAZARA CHOUDHARY

2. ELECTRICAL MACHINE DESIGN

3. MACHINE DESIGN

A.K.SAWHNEY
R.S. KHURMI

4. PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY

BANGA AND SHARMA

5. PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL

BANGA AND SHARMA

6. METROLOGY & QUALITY CONTROL

7. www.google.com
8. www.altavista.com

R.K.JAIN

LIST OF SUPPLIERS

ADDRESSES OF SUPPLIER

ESBEE ENGINEERING.
Authorized Dealer & Distributor; pumps & accessories
2, Amrapli, 90 Feet Road, Mulund (E) Mumbai 400081.

VENUS NUT BOLT MFG . CO

Manufacturer of All Types of Nut & Bolts
30, Trimbak Parshuram Street, Kasam Building, 6 th Kumbharwada
Mumbai 400004.

PRABATH METAL CORPORATION.

Suppliers Of: - S.S.Steel Rod, Aluminum, Brass, Copper, M.S Angle,
M.S
Channels, Ms Sheet
Patrawalla Chawl, 169, Trimbak Parshuram Street, Kasam Building,
6th
Kumbharwada Mumbai 400004.

RELIANCE TOOLS & BEARING.

Dealers in All Kind Of: - Ball Roller & Tapered Bearing

163 Mutton Street, Mumbai 400003.