Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2014
INDICE
Captulo I
1. planteamiento del problema
1.1
formulacin del problema
1.2
objetivo general
1.3
justificacin
Capitulo II
2. marco terico
2.1
antecedentes de la investigacin
2.2
bases tericas
2.3
definicin de trminos bsicos
2.4
hiptesis de investigacin
2.4.1 hiptesis general
2.5
variables de estudio
2.6
tcnicas e instrumentos de recoleccin de la informacin
tcnica
2.7
instrumentos
Capitulo III
3. metodologa de investigacin
3.1
tipos de investigacin
3.2
poblacin y muestra
3.2.1 poblacin
3.2.2 muestra
3.3
tcnicas de investigacin de recoleccin de datos
Capitulo IV
4. materiales y mtodos
4.1
materiales
4.2
4.1.1 materia prima e insumos
4.2 mtodos
4.2.1 factores de estudio
4.2.2 descripcin del proceso
4.3 anlisis de resultados
Captulo V
5. Conclusiones
5.1
conclusin
5.2
recomendaciones
Bibliografa
Anexos
INTRODUCCIN
El sonido es toda aquella variacin de presin (en el aire, agua u otro
medio), que el sistema auditivo es capaz de detectar. Cuando un objeto
Debido al amplio rango en que varan los sonidos detectables por el odo
es conveniente medir su intensidad con una escala logartmica (base 10),
para lo cual se usa el decibelio (db). El lmite inferior en la escala (0 db)
corresponde al umbral de percepcin auditiva. Un db equivale a la ms
tenue vibracin sonora que el sistema auditivo puede procesar. Puesto
que la escala es logartmica, la intensidad del sonido se duplica cada
incremento de 10db. El lmite superior de la escala indica los niveles
intolerables y destructivos para el odo humano (ms de 120db).
RESUMEN
Se llama contaminacin acstica (o contaminacin sonora) al exceso de
sonido que altera las condiciones normales del ambiente en una
determinada zona. Si bien el ruido no se acumula, traslada o mantiene en
el tiempo como las otras contaminaciones, tambin puede causar
grandes daos en la calidad de vida de las personas si no se controla
bien o adecuadamente.
Tipos de medida:
ABSTRACT
Noise (or noise pollution) is called the excess sound that disrupts normal
ambient conditions in a given area. While noise does not accumulate,
moved or maintained over time as other pollutants, can also cause
extensive damage to the quality of life of people if not well controlled or
adequately.
This term is closely related to the noise because this is when the noise is
considered a contaminant, ie annoying noise that can cause physiological
and psychological adverse effects to a person or group of persons.
The main causes of noise pollution are those related to human activities
such as transportation, building construction and public works industries,
among others.
In Spain, it is set to level 55 acoustic comforts. Above this level, the sound
is harmful for relaxation and communication.
According to studies by the European Union (2005): "80 million people are
exposed daily to levels of environmental noise above 65 and 170 million,
they are at levels between 55-65".
Types of measurement:
PASSIVE: try to muffle the noise impact, but do not eliminate the emission
points .g. green sound barriers.
ACTIVE: They aim to eradicate the sources of noise pollution. Ex.: Signs.
"Excessive noise causes sleep disorders which later causes fatigue and
poor performance at work. Also increases aggression and headaches
"they noted. For children, reduce your ability to concentrate and affects
their school performance.
One of the places with the highest level of noise pollution is at the
intersection of Avenida Abancay and Cusco shred, because according
OEFA the noise level reaches up to 81.7 decibels.
La Plaza Bolognesi is another city that has a high level of noise pollution.
Here Limeos must withstand up to 78.3 decibels produced by vehicle
traffic.
OEFA experts argued that it is essential to keep track of items which are
not very common in everyday life: cellular headsets and audio players,
whose constant use, at very high levels, can cause early deafness.
The experts recommended people to require drivers of public transport
vehicles to lower the volume of the radio, to avoid honking insistently, and
do the same with the street that peritoneum using speakers.
Capitulo I
1.3 justificacin
. Actualmente somos testigos del aumento de esta que se ha
incrementado con el paso de los aos y los procesos de industrializacin.
Capitulo II
2. MARCO TERICO