Lectura bsica de Ingls V C.B.T.A. No. 289, Corral Falso, Gro.

Elabor L.I. Elith Avils Ochoa

Todos los derechos reservados a las fuentes de informacin referidas.

CENTRO DE BACHILLERATO
TECNOLGICO

AGROPECUARIO NO. 289

LECTURA BSICA DE INGLS V

ELABORADO POR:
L.I. ELITH AVILS OCHOA

AGOSTO 4 DE 2014
CORRAL FALSO, GRO.

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Elabor L.I. Elith Avils Ochoa
Todos los derechos reservados a las fuentes de informacin referidas.

NDICE DE CONTENIDO

1. ESTRATEGIAS DE LECTURA .................................................................................................................... 3

1.1. Estrategia SKIMMING ........................................................................................................................... 3
1.2. Estrategia SCANNING ........................................................................................................................... 4
2. REFERENTES, CONECTORES, PREFIJOS Y SUFIJOS ............................................................................. 5
2.1. Referentes (Referents) ............................................................................................................................. 5
2.2. Conectores (Conectors or linking words) ................................................................................................. 5
2.3. Prefijos y sufijos (Prefixes and suffixes) .................................................................................................. 7
3. TIPOS DE TEXTOS .................................................................................................................................... 10
3.1. What is text? (Qu es un texto?) .......................................................................................................... 10
3.2. Presuasive texts (Textos Persuasivos) .................................................................................................... 10
3.3. Informative texts (Textos Informativos) ................................................................................................. 11
3.4. Instructive texts (Textos Instructivos) .................................................................................................... 12
3.5. Descriptive texts (Textos Descriptivos) ................................................................................................. 13

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Elabor L.I. Elith Avils Ochoa
Todos los derechos reservados a las fuentes de informacin referidas.

1. ESTRATEGIAS DE LECTURA
OBJETIVO: Al trmino de la presente unidad el estudiante ser capaz de utilizar las estrategias de
lectura: SCANNING Y SKIMMNIG, mismas que le permitirn obtener informacin bsica de cualquier
texto en ingls, de manera inductiva, fomentando en el estudiante su pensamiento en ingls.

1.1. Estrategia SKIMMING

Skimming
Lectura rpida de todo el texto sin detenerse en las palabras que no se conocen y poniendo en prctica
las estrategias de lectura que se indican en el cuadro. Esta debe practicarse siempre como primer paso
para la comprensin de textos en ingls.
Examen Superficial
Observacin rpida de todo el texto sin enfocar la atencin en una parte especfica, y al final obtener los
puntos para saber de qu trata el tema.
Ttulos y subttulos
Indican en muy pocas palabras el contenido; adems, por su localizacin es lo primero que se observa.
Apoyos visuales
Diagramas, fotografas, dibujos y figuras que muestran en forma ilustrada lo que presenta el texto en
forma escrita o, en otras ocasiones, agregan informacin u otros datos acerca del tema.

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Elabor L.I. Elith Avils Ochoa
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Distribucin del texto

Observar la forma en que est distribuido el texto en la hoja proporciona una clave muy importante para
saber de qu se trata, ya que se toma conocimiento de cmo se distribuye un texto para una informacin,
un reporte, una historia, una receta, un poema, etc.
Tipografa
Diferentes tamaos y tipos de letra que existen en un texto. Por lo general, se usan letras grandes para
ttulos y las de color ms oscuro (negritas) para enfatizar y las cursivas (inclinadas) para definir o
ejemplificar.
Cognados
Tambin llamados palabras transparentes, son una estrategia que se considera de gran ayuda para la
comprensin de la lectura, ya que la mayora de los textos en ingles tienen cognados. Son palabras que
su escritura se asemeja mucho en ingls como a su equivalente en espaol.
Palabras repetidas
Cuando una palabra se repite varias veces en un texto, es lgico deducir que este se refiere al concepto
de dicha palabra; adems estas palabras ayudan para captar mejor el tema del texto.
Familias de palabras
Palabras similares, las cuales presentan la misma raz o palabras base; aunque con diferente prefijo o
sufijo, se dice que estas forman una familia de palabras.
1.2. Estrategia SCANNING
La interpretacin de esta palabra en espaol es bsqueda de informacin especfica y se lleva a cabo
cuando se indaga sobre un dato preciso.

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Elabor L.I. Elith Avils Ochoa
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2. REFERENTES, CONECTORES, PREFIJOS Y SUFIJOS

OBJETIVO: Al trmino de la presente unidad el estudiante habr adquirido las herramientas
gramaticales para reconocer los elementos bsicos en la comprensin de la lectura.
2.1. Referentes (Referents)
WHAT IS A REFERENT?
Words are used to represent things and experiences in the real or imagined world. Different words can
be used to describe the same thing or experience.
Definition
A referent is the concrete object or concept that is designated by a word or expression. A referent is an
object, action, state, relationship, or attribute in the referential real.
Example:
Historically, there was only one person called George Washington, the first president of the United
States. He can be referred to in a text in many ways, such as
the president
Mr. Washington
he, or even
my friend.
Even though there are many ways to talk about him, there is only one referent in the referential realm.
What is reference?
Here are two senses for reference:
1. Reference is the symbolic relationship that a linguistic expression has with the concrete object or
abstraction it represents.
2. Reference is the relationship of one linguistic expression to another, in which one provides the
information necessary to interpret the other.
Examples
Here is an example of reference:
A pronoun refers to the noun antecedent that is used to interpret it.
2.2. Conectores (Conectors or linking words)
What is a connector or linking word?
Linking words normally form a link between clauses WITHIN a sentence.
(and but so because then until such as)
Another type of linking device is used to form a link BETWEEN sentences. These words must start with
a capital letter and are usually immediately followed by a comma: (Furthermore, Moreover, However,
Nevertheless, Therefore, in conclusion,)
The function of linking words
Linking devices are neither nouns, nor verbs. They provide a text with cohesion and illustrate how the
parts of the text relate to each other. Here are some of the functions which linking words provide.
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Elabor L.I. Elith Avils Ochoa
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Adding extra information to the main point, contrasting ideas, expressing cause and effect, showing
exactly when something happened (narrating), expressing purpose (why?) and opinion, listing examples,
making conclusions and giving emphasis.

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* Avoid starting a sentence with these words.

The linking words beginning with a capital letter often start a sentence, for those without, position in a
sentence is optional.
2.3. Prefijos y sufijos (Prefixes and suffixes)
Using context clues is one way to discover the meaning of an unfamiliar word. Another way is word
analysis that is, looking at the meaning of parts of words. Many English words have been formed by
combining parts of older English, Greek, and Latin words. If you know the meanings of some of these
word parts, you can often guess the meaning of an unfamiliar English word, particularly in context.
For example, report is formed from re-, wich means back, and-port, wich means carry. Scientist is derived
from sci-, wich means know, and -ist, wich means one who. Re and ist are called affixes, that is, word
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Elabor L.I. Elith Avils Ochoa
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parts that are attached to seems. Affixes like re, wich are attached to baginnings of stems, are called
prefixes. Affixes attached to the end, like ist, are called suffixes. Generally, prefixes change the meaning
of a word, and siffixes change its part of speech.
New words can be formed in English by adding prefixes to other words. If you add them to other words
they change the meaning.
Organize
Reorganize
Copy
Miscopy
Standard
Substandard
Negative prefixes.
There are many different ways of forming negative words by adding prefixes. First look at these
examples.
Un- fair
unfair
Dis- like
dislike
In- visible
invisible
Non- smoker
non-smoker
Some adjectives beginning with ( l ), ( p ) or ( r ) form negatives likes this:
Il- legal
ilegal
Im- possible
impossible
Ir- regular
irregular
SUFFIXES.
New words can be formed in English by adding suffixes to other words. These are added to the ends of
words. Some suffixes form adjectives which refer to the characteristic associated with the noun they are
related to.
-al -ary -atic -ly -ish able
Sometimes the stress moves in the adjective:
Disciplinary= having the features of discipline.
Programmatic= referring to programmer
A further suffix:
Fortnightly= refers to fortnight
The there is this suffix which allows you to form adjectives from either adjectives or nouns:
Smallish= fairly small
Foolish= like a fool
There is one suffix practiced here which enables you to form adjectives from verbs:
Controllable= it is possible to control
Note that two other are also used with similar meanings:

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Elabor L.I. Elith Avils Ochoa
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Elabor L.I. Elith Avils Ochoa
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3. TIPOS DE TEXTOS
OBJETIVO: Al trmino de la presente unidad el estudiante ser capaz de identificar diversos tipos de
texto as como habr adquirido las habilidades para redactar textos en ingls.
3.1. What is text? (Qu es un texto?)
Text is any piece of writing. This could be a letter, an email, a novel, a poem, a recipe, a note, instructions,
an article in a newspaper or magazine, writing on a webpage or an advert. All of these examples can be
called texts.
When you are reading or writing any text think about the purpose of the text or why it has been written.
What might the purpose of a text be?
An advert might be trying to persuade you to buy something.
A letter from school might be to inform you about something.
A novel might describe somewhere or someone to you.
A car manual might instruct you how to do something to your car.
Depending on the purpose of the text, different methods will be used to get the message across to the
reader.
For more specific information on some of the different types of text see the Persuasive texts, Informative
texts, Instructive texts and Descriptive texts.
3.2. Presuasive texts (Textos Persuasivos)
A persuasive text is a text that really wants you to do something.
An advert might want you to buy something.
You might write a letter to persuade a friend to go on holiday with you, or to try and get off a parking
ticket.
Persuasive texts might use:
repeated words
text in capital letters
exclamation marks
rhetorical questions (questions where no answer is needed)
an emotional one-sided argument
humor

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Example:

3.3. Informative texts (Textos Informativos)

An informative text is a text that wants to advise or tell you about something.
A newspaper article might give you information about a health issue like giving up smoking.
A website might give you information about a movie, band or something that you are interested in.
A handout from school might be advising you about what your child will be doing during the next term.
Informative texts usually:
avoid repetition
contain facts
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give information in a clear way - introducing the subject and then developing it

Example:

3.4. Instructive texts (Textos Instructivos)

An instructive text is a text that instructs or tells you how to do something.
A recipe wants to instruct you how to cook something. A leaflet with a piece of furniture wants to tell
you how to put it together or take care of it.
Instructive texts:
are written as though the reader is being spoken to - (although the word 'you' is not usually used)
language is direct and unnecessary words are left out
often use 'must' and 'must not'
sometimes use diagrams or pictures to help understanding

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Examples:

3.5. Descriptive texts (Textos Descriptivos)

A descriptive text is a text that wants you to picture what they are describing.
A novel might want you to imagine the characters and see them in your mind.
A travel book will want you to see the country it is describing.
Descriptive texts usually:
make use of adjectives and adverbs
use comparisons to help picture it - something is like something
employ your five senses - how it feels, smells, looks, sounds and tastes
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Examples:

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Elabor L.I. Elith Avils Ochoa
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BIBLIOGRAFA

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LETHABY, Carol, Matte Margarita. Skyline 3 Teachers guide. Editorial McMillan. Thailand
2003.
BREWSTER, Simon, Davies Paul, Rogers Mickey. Skyline 5 Students Book. Editorial
MacMillan. China 2003.
BEARICE S. Mikulecky, Linda Jeffries. Basic Reading Power, by Addison Wesley Longman.
NY. 1997.
BREWSTER, Simon, Davies Paul, Rogers Mickey, Garside Barbara. Skyline 5 Workbook.
Editorial McMillan. China 2003.
BREWSTER, Simon, Davies Paul, Rogers Mickey. Skyline 4 Students book. Editorial
McMillan. China 2002.
Trends 5 Student book, Llanas Angela, Editorial Macmillan.
Reading Explorer 5. Editorial National Geographic.
Secuencias de Aprendizaje Ingles 5, DGETA.

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