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INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE

NAME OF DEPTT. / CENTRE :

PHYSICS DEPARTMENT

1.

Subject Code: IPH-02

Course Title: Nanomaterials

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Contact Hours:

L:

3.

Examination Duration (Hrs.):

4.

Relative Weightage:

5.

Credits:

Theory
1

CWS
6.

PRS

T:
0

;
Practical

3
MTE

P:

ETE

0
0

0
0

PRE

Semester:
Autumn

Spring

Both

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Pre-requisite: PH-101

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Objective of Course: The course on Nanomaterials is designed to introduce the emerging area of
nanotechnology that has potential to revolutionize techniques by which materials and products will be
created in the future with new and superior properties and functionalities.

10.

Details of Course:

S.No.
1.

Particulars
Introduction: Definitions and course organization, Classification of functional nanomaterials,
Historical development.
Fundamental Principles: Size & Scale, units, Scaling Laws, Atoms, Molecules & Clusters,
Superamolecules, Nanoscale Phenomena; Tunneling, Chemical Bonds (types and strength);
Intermolecular Forces, Molecular and Crystalline Structures, Hierarchical Structures and
Functionality, Surfaces and Interfaces, Bulk to Surface transition, Self-Assembly and surface
reconstruction.
Properties of Nano Materials: Size dependence of properties, Phenomena and Properties at
nanoscale, Mechanical/Frictional, Optical, Electrical Transport, Magnetic properties.
Nanomaterial Characterization: Electron Microscopy, Scanning Probe Microscopies, near
field microscopy, Micro- and near field Raman spectroscopy, Surface-enhanced Raman,
Spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Synthesis of nanomaterials: Fabrication techniques: Self-Assembly, Self-Replication, SolGels. Langmuir-Blodgett thin films, Nanolithograph, Bio-inspired syntheses, Microfluidic
processes, Chemical Vapor Deposition, Semiconductors, Cadmium Sulfide, Silicon, Fullerenes
Carbon Nanotubes, Nano-composites, nanoporous Materials, Biological Materials.
Applications of Nanomaterials: Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors, Environmental, Biological,
Energy Storage and fuel cells.

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8. Subject Area: BGSEC

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Suggested Books:

S.No.
1.

Names of Books/Authors
Edelstein A. A. and Cammarata R .C., Nanomaterials- Synthesis, Properties and
Applications, Institute of Physics Publishing, London
Nalwa H.S., Handbook of Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology, Vols. 15, Academic Press
Benedek et al G., Nanostructured Carbon for advanced Applications, Kluwer
Academic Publishers
Dresselhaus M.S., Dresselhaus G. and Eklund P., Science of Fullerenes and
nanotubes, Academic Press

2.
3.
4.

Fundamentals and Applications of nanomaterials" by Z.Guo and Li Tan

Contact Hours
02
08

09
10

10

03

Year of Publication
1998
2000
2001
1996

subject Code: IPH-02

Course Title: Nanomaterials

Contact Hours: 3-0-0

Introduction
Definitions and course organization, Classification of functional nanomaterials,
Historical development.
Fundamental Principles
1.
Size and scale, Atoms/molecules/clusters, structure/electronic magic numbers,
fraction of atoms on surface in different cases.
2.
Chemical bonding (types and strength)
3.
Donors/acceptors/deep traps, Excitons: energy levels and size, Quantum dot,
Quantum wire, Quantum well
4.
Size and dimensionality Effect : Relaxation time, mean free path, level of doping and
charge carrier concentration in semiconductors, conduction electron and
dimensionality, Fermi gas and density of states
Surface Science: Surface symmetry/energy, surface relaxation and reconstruction,
surface layers and nanoparticles
Properties of Nano Materials
1.
Properties dependence on energy states: Specific heat, magnetic susceptibility, X-ray
emission, band structure in nanomaterials,
nonmetal-metal transition
2.
Optical properties: change in energy states and size dependence of color of materials
3.
Magnetism and nanomaterials, superparamagnetism, nanomagents, nanopore
containment of magnetic particles
4.
Mechanical Properties: Tensile strength, yield strength, hardness, Ductile/Brittle
transition
5.
Single electron tunneling, reactivity, coulomb explosion, superconductivity
Carbon nanotubes
1.
Fullerenes, Carbon nanotubes, their structure and properties
Nanomaterial Characterization
1.
Techniques of characterization, criterion of resolution, Electron microscope: electron
gun, electron lens and aberrations, scan coils and electron detectors, SEM/TEM,
analysis of electron micrographs
2.
Scanning Probe Microscopies: Scanning tunneling microscopy - basic principle,
method of measurement: constant height/constant current mode, Resolution, Atomic
force microscopy basic principle, modes of operation: static/contact, dynamic/noncontact modes.
3.
Near field microscopy, Raman spectroscopy: Basic principle, micro- and near field
Raman spectroscopy, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy
4.
X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy: Interaction of X-rays with matter, basic principle,
Experimental set-up, study of surfaces, analysis of XPS results
Synthesis of nanomaterials
1.
Top down and bottom up approach of syntheses, Top down approach: Thin film
deposition mechanism, Physical/Chemical vapor deposition methods,
semiconductors, Cadmium Sulfide, Silicon
2.
Nanolithography: parallel replications, nanoimprint lithography, electron beam
lithography, STM/AFM lithography, polymer pen lithography
3.
Bottom up approach of fabrication: Self-Assembly, Self-Replication, Sol-Gel
process, Langmuir-Blodgett thin films,
4.
Microfluidics: materials and micro/nano fabrication, active/passive microfluidic
devices, lab-on-a-chip
5.
Bio-inspired syntheses, syntheses of carbon nanotubes, nano-composites, nanoporous
materials
Applications of Nanomaterials
1.
Nanoelectronics: Single electron transistors/capacitors, quantum effect, CNT based
devices, nanosensors
2.
Biological: Introduction, biomimetic nanotechnology, nanoparticle based diagnostics,
tissue engineering and drug delivery
3.
Nanograined materials, Environmental, Energy Storage and fuel cells

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Fundamentals and Applications of nanomaterials" by Z.Guo


and Li Tan

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