Apostila JCL

JCL
Job Control Language
Unit I - Introduction to JCL

007
Job Stream
008
Job Steps
009
Defining Job Control Statements
010
The JOB Statement
011
The EXEC Statement
012
The DD Statement
013
Grouping Programs
014
Grouping Programs: An Example
015
Other JCL Statements
016
JCL Statement Fields
017
Rules for Naming JCL Statements
019
Rules for Writing JCL Statements
020
Operation and Parameters Fields: An example
021
Continuation statement and Comment Field: An Example
022
Unit II - Analyzing Job Output

SDSF
024
PREFIX, OWNER and SET DISPLAY Commands
026
Output Data Set panel
022
JCL Statements Listing: // and XX
023
Allocation and Termination Messages
024
JCL error messages : An Example
025
026
Unit III - Coding JOB Statements
Defining a JOB Statement
034
Job Name
035
Positional Parameters
036
Job Accounting Information
037
Coding Programmer Name
038
Defining Keyword Parameters
039
Coding the MSGLEVEL Parameter
040
The MSGCLASS Parameter
042
Defaults for MSGLEVEL & MSGCLASS
043
COND Parameter
044
COND Parameter: Examples
046
CLASS Parameter
047
NOTIFY Parameter
048
PRTY Parameter
049
REGION Parameter
050
TIME Parameter
051
TYPRUN Parameter
052
The USER and PASSWORD Parameters
053
Coding Multiple Keyword Parameters
054
Unit IV - Coding EXEC Statements

The EXEC Statement
056
The Step Name
057
The Positional Parameter
058
Positional Parameter Coding Errors
059
Keyword Parameters
060
The PARM Parameter
061
The COND Parameter
063
COND Parameter Examples
064
The COND Subparameters EVEN & ONLY
065
Program Libraries
067
Private Program Libraries
068
3
Unit V - Coding DD Statements

The DD statement
071
Using DDNAME in Programs
072
DD Statement Parameters
073
DD Statement Parameters DSN
074
DD Statement Parameters DISP
075
DD Statement Parameters UNIT
076
DD Statement Parameters VOL
077
DD Statement Parameters SPACE
078
DD Statement Parameters DCB
079
DD Statement Parameters SYSOUT
080
Dummy Data Sets
081
Data Set Concatenation
082
Using Backward Reference
083
Storage Dumps
087
SMS Considerations
088
Unit VI - Conditional Processing

Syntax for the IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF Statement Construct
090
Comparison Operators
092
Logical Operators- AND, OR and NOT
093
Relational-Expression Keywords
094
Relational-Expression Keywords RC
095
Relational-Expression Keywords ABEND and ABEND
096
Relational-Expression Keywords ABENDCC
097
Relational-Expression Keywords RUN and RUN
098
IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF Examples
099
Nesting Conditional Constructs
100
The COND Parameter vs. Conditional Processing
101
Unit VII - Procedures

Procedures
103
Cataloged Procedure
104
Nested Procedure
106
Coding Changes
107
Nullifying EXEC Statement Parameters
109
Adding Parameters to a Procedure
110
Sequencing Multiple Changes An Example
111
Changing the DD Statement Parameters
112
Overriding DD Statement Parameters
113
Nullifying a DD Statement Parameter
115
Addition DD Statements
117
Overriding the DCB Parameter Example
118
Symbolic Parameters
121
Symbolic PGM Parameters
124
Recognizing Default Values
125
Nullifying Default Values
126
Unit 1
Introduction to JCL
At the end of this unit, you will be able to:

Explain the purpose and syntax of the JOB statement
Define the JOB name
Code positional parameters and keyword parameters
Code the most commonly used keyword parameters on a JOB statement
Complete the JOB statement
Code additional JOB statement parameters

What is JCL?
Job Control Language (JCL) is a control language used to identify a job to an operating
sy stem and to describe the jobs requirements. It consists of a series of statements, each of
which provides specific instructions or information for batch processing jobs.
The three main types of JCL statements are: JOB, EXEC and DD
JCL provides information to the system about job details:
//JOB1 JOB 504,SMITH
//JOB1 JOB CLASS=A
What is a job?
A job is a unit of work defined by a user to be accomplished by a computer, including
computer programs, files or control statements.
Notes:
JCL is used to describe the work you want a system using multiple virtual storage (MVS) to perform.
The three main types of JCL statements are: JOB, EXEC and DD JOB - It marks the beginning of a job
and identifies the job name
EXEC - It marks the beginning of a job step and specifies the name of the program to be executed
DD - It describes data sets to be used within individual steps
JCL provides information to the system about job details including:
The programs to execute
The location of the required data sets
The department to be billed for CPU processing time
The job class
Job example:
For example: The request to perform a task of updating one data set with information from another data
set is called a job.
JCL provides the operating system with information about the resources, programs, and data necessary to
complete the job.
Job Stream
One or more jobs placed in a series and ready to be submitted to the system are referred to
as a job stream.
Notes:
This series of jobs is entered through one input device. You can use JCL to structure a job stream.
The JCL for each job begins with a JOB Statement.
Job Steps
A job consists of one or more individual

job steps.
Each job step starts with an EXEC
statement and is associated with the
execution of one program.
The data sets required for each job step
can be defined using a DD statement.
You then submit each job for processing
as part of the job stream
Notes:
Defining Job Control State ments
Job control statements define jobs and

job steps.
Job control statements are JCL
statementscreated to prov ide the
follow ing information:
Pr ograms to be executed
//JOBNUM1 JOB 504,SMITH
//STEP1 EXEC PGM=PROGRAMA
Sequence of program execution

Data sets required by the programs
//DD1 DD DSN=INPUT
Notes:
What details do you have to specify for each job?
Each job requires you to specify at least the following:
Job to begin (using a JOB statement)
Program(s) to be executed (using EXEC statements)
Data sets to be used (using DD statements)
You can also add a null statement to mark the end of a job and comment statements to document your
JCL statements.
Job control statements may provide other kinds of information as well. For example, a job control
statement can specify how the system should process a job by providing accounting information
10
The JOB Statement

The JOB statement is the first control statement in a job. It mar ks the beginning
of a job and specifiesthe job name.
The JOB statement may also prov ide details and parameters that relate to the
overall job, such asaccounting information and conditions for job ter mination.
//STEP1
EXEC PGM=PROGRAMA
//DD1
DD
//JOBNUM2 JOB
DSN=OUTPUT
600,JONES
Parts of a Job
End of Job marker
Notes:
Null Statement is a blank statement beginning with a double slash - // that marks the end of a job
Each job must begin with a JOB statement. All statements that follow up to the next JOB statement, are
parts of one job.
The end of a job is marked by either another JOB statement or by a null statement.
11
The EXEC Statement

An EXEC statement often follow s the JOB statement. It names a program to
be executed.
Pr ograms are stored in program libraries and retrieved by the operating
system w hen they are referenced by an EXEC statement.
Program
Library
PROGRAMA
INPUT

//STEP1
EXEC PGM=PROGRAMA
//DD1
DD
DSN=INPUT
Notes:
A job contains one or more EXEC statements, each followed by statements that define one or more data
sets needed for that job step.
A job step ends with the next EXEC statement, the JOB statement for the next job, or a null statement.
12
The DD Statement
DD statements define the data sets the program uses during execution. Each
data set used in the job requires at least one DD statement.
The number of DD statements follow ing an EXEC statement depends on the
number of data sets required by a program. The order of DD statements w ithin
a job step is not usually significant.
//JOBNUM1
//STEP1
//DD1
//DD2
JOB
EXEC
DD
DD
504,SMITH
PGM=PROGRAMA
DSN=OUTPUT
DSN=INOUT
Data Sets
Notes:
By using a proper combination of options, DD statements may do the following:
Give the data set name
Specify the initial status and final disposition of the data set
Specify volumes
Specify record length, format, and blocking
Request I/O devices
Specify storage allocation for new data sets
13
Grouping Programs
10
01
When deciding w hich programs

to group together as a single job,
you may consider programs that:
INPUT
10
01
10
01
Have to run sequentially

Have the same job
accounting infor mation
Are dependent on each other
OUTPUT1
INOUT
OUTPUT2
Notes:
Consider two programs:
Program A takes input from the INPUT data set and uses it to create the INOUT data set.
Program B uses the data set created by Program A as its input and creates two more data sets called
OUTPUT1 and OUTPUT2.
Can you group Program A and Program B?
Since these programs must run sequentially and Program B is dependent on Program A, they can be
grouped into a single job.
14
Grouping Programs: An Example

//JOBNUM1
//STEP1
//DD1
//
//DD2
//
//STEP2
//DD3
//
//DD4
//
//DD5
//
JOB 504,SMITH
EXEC PGM=PROGRAMA
DD
DSN=INPUT,
DISP=SHR
DD
DSN=INOUT,
DISP=(NEW,PASS)
EXEC PGM=PROGRAMB
DD
DSN=INOUT,
DISP=(OLD,CATLG)
DD
DSN=OUTPUT1,
DISP=(NEW,CATLG,DELETE)
DD
DSN=OUTPUT2,
DISP=(NEW,CATLG,DELETE)
Notes:
In the example, an EXEC statement marks the beginning of the first job step (STEP1) and invokes a
program called PROGRAMA.
Because PROGRAMA uses one data set to create another, two data definition statements are needed. One
for each of the following:
INPUT
INOUT
When the system invokes PROGRAMB, another step begins in the job, which is STEP2.
Because PROGRAMB uses the output of PROGRAMA as input and then creates two output data sets of
its own, PROGRAMB needs three data definition statements, one for each of the following:
INOUT
OUTPUT1
OUTPUT2
15
Notes:
Comment statements: You can use these to document JCL statements. A comment statement is coded
with two forward slashes and an asterisk (//*) in the first 3 positions. The comment text is coded in
positions 4 through 71.
Null statements: You can use a null statement to mark the end of a job. It is coded with two forward
slashes (//) in positions 1 and 2 and no other characteristics.
16
JCL State ment Fields

JCL Statement Fields Most JCL statements have the same format consis ting of five fields:
The identifier field.
The name field
The operation field
The parameter field
The comment field
Identifier
Name
Operation
Parameter
Comment
Field
Field
Field
Field
Field
// JOBNUM1
JOB
501,SMITH
COMMENT
1 2 3
71
Notes:
The Identifier Field
The identifier field occupies positions 1 and 2. It usually contains two forward slashes (//) and indicates
that the statement is a JCL statement (as opposed to a data record).
The remaining four fields must be coded from position 3 through position 71.
The Name Field
The name field must begin in position 3 with no spaces between the identifier and the name fields.
The name field identifies the JCL statement by name so that other JCL statements or the operating system
can refer to it.
A name is optional for some EXEC statements, but is required on JOB and almost all DD statements.
The Operation Field
The operation field defines the JCL statement type - JOB, EXEC, or DD.
For every JCL statement, the operation field must follow the name field and it must be preceded by at
least one blank space.
17
The Parameter Field

The parameter field contains one or more parameters separated by commas. Each JOB, EXEC and DD
statement has its own set of parameter information.
The parameter field of each JCL statement must:
Follow the operation field
Include one or more blanks between it and the operation field
Use commas to separate parameters
Have no blanks between parameters
The Comment Field

A comment field contains extra documentation which you may choose to include. It contains
documentation relating to the code or other messages from the programmer.
A comment field must follow the parameter field and must be preceded by one or more blanks.
18
Rules for Naming JCL State ments

The specifications for JCL statement names are as follows:
The name must begin in position 3
The name can be one to eight characters in length
The first character in the name must be alphabetic character (A to Z) or national
character (#, @, $).
The first character cannot be numeric (0 through 9)
The remaining characters can be alpha numeric (A to Z and 0 through 9) or national
characters
No special characters or spaces can be included in a name

//DD1
DD
DSN=INPUT,DISP=SHR
Name Field
Notes:
Special characters:
The following special characters can not be included:
& (ampersand)
! (exclamation mark)
(asterisk)
, (comma)
= (equal sign)
- ( hyphen); .(period)
+ (plus sign)
/ (slash)
( (left parenthesis)
) (right parenthesis).
19
Rules for Writing JCL Statements
You should remember the follow ing rules w hile w riting a JCL statement:
The identifying characters (//) must be in positions 1 and 2.

The name field must begin in position 3.
Each subsequent field must be preceded by one or more spaces.
A continuation line begins w ith //.
Continuing parameters must start in positions 4 through 16.

Do not embed blanks w ithin any field. For example, do not code a blank to
separate parameters in the parameter field.
Do not code past position 71.
Notes:
Apart from these rules, JCL coding is free form. Fields (except for the name field) and parameters do not
have to begin or end in any particular position.
20
Operation and Parameter Fields: An example

Operation Fields:
In the JCL statements that you have seen
so far, the operation fields contain the
operators JOB, EXEC, and DD.

//STEP1 EXEC PGM=PROGRAM
//DD1
DD
DSN=INPUT,DISP=SHR
Oper ation
Field
Param eter Fields:

The JOB statement here contains
parameters specifying the following:
Accounting information (504)
The JCL programmer's name (SMITH)
MSGLEVEL (message level)
parameter
//JOB1 JOB
//
//STEP1 EXEC
//
//DD1
DD
504,SMITH,
MSGLEVEL=(1,0)
PGM=PROGRAM1,
TIME=4
DSN=INPUT,DISP=SHR
Parameter Field
Notes:
Following are examples of three JCL statement
types with different operators:
The first statement is therefore, a JOB statement, which marks the beginning of a job.
The second statement is therefore, an EXEC statement, which marks the beginning of a job step
and specifies the program to be executed (PROGRAM1).
The third statement is therefore, a DD statement, which identifies a data set that PROGRAM1
uses during processing.
Parameter Fields: An Example

The EXEC statement here contains two parameters:
The first one specifies the program name (PROGRAM1). The second one specifies the maximum CPU
time for the program (4 minutes)
The DD statement here has two parameters:
The first one specifies the data set name TRANS1
The second one specifies a status of OLD.
21
Continuation and Comment state ment: An Example

Following is an example of a single JCL statement that continues on 2 additional lines. All
3 lines comprise one JCL statement.
//STEP1 EXEC PGM=PROGRAMA,

//
TIME=1,
//
PARM=LIST
The following examples shows a JCL statement that contains:
A comment INVENTORY JOB. A blank separates the parameter field
from the words INVENTORY JOB
A comment TEST. //* in the first 3 positions. The comment text is coded
in positions 4 through 71.
//JOB1 JOB 504,KAY

//* TEST
INVENTORY JOB
Notes:
You can continue a JCL statement on one or more separate lines.
When can a JCL statement be continued on more than one line?
A JCL statement may be continued on more than one line if:
The JCL statement requires more than 71 positions to specify all the necessary parameters.
You want to make it easier to read all the parameters. For example: You could code one parameter per
line.
In this example, note the following:
The second and the third lines each have a blank in position 3, after the identifier field (//)
The blank in position 3 of the second line, following the ending comma on the first line, indicates that the
second line is a continuation of the first line
The blank in position 3 of the third line, following the ending comma on the second line, indicates that the
third line is a continuation of the second line
22
Unit 2
Analyzing Job Output
Describe the JCL statement listing that appear in an output listing

Identify allocation messages that may appear in an output listing
Identify termination messages that may appear in an output listing
Identify error messages that may appear in an output listing
23
SDSF
Use SDSF to view the output and deter mine w hether the job completed successfully.
Action characters can be

entered in the NP column:
?
C
S
P
SJ
.
Notes:
DA
Active users
The Display Active Users (DA) panel allows authorized users to display information about jobs, users,
started tasks, and initiators that are active on the system. It also shows system-wide data, such as CPU
usage and paging rate.
In a sysplex environment, the DA panel displays data for all systems in the sysplex. A sysplex-wide DA
panel requires the use of RMF as the source of the data.
Note: Some of the values on the DA panel, such as CPU% and SIO, are approximate. For detailed and
precise performance monitoring, use RMF.
I
Input queue
The Input Queue panel allows authorized users to display information about jobs that are on the JES2
input queue or that are executing.
O
Output queue
The Output Queue panel allows authorized users to display information about output data sets for jobs,
started tasks, and TSO users on any nonheld output queue.
H
Held output queue
The Held Output Queue panel allows authorizedusers to display information about SYSOUT data sets for
jobs, started tasks, and TSO users on any held JES2 output queue. There is one row for each output group
for each job.
ST
Status of jobs
The Status panel allows authorized users to display information about jobs, started tasks, and TSO users
on the JES2 queues.
24
Action characters
Action characters that can be entered in the NP column by authorized users are:
//
Block repeat; type // on the first row and another // on the last row to be processed
=
Repeat previous action character or overtype
+
Expand the NP column. (Use RESET to reset.)
?
Display a list of the data sets for a job. (Access the Job Data Set panel.)
A
Release a held job.
C
Cancel an active job or a job waiting to be processed
CA
Cancel a job that is defined to Automatic Restart Manager (ARM).
CD
Cancel a job and take a dump.
CDA Cancel a job that is defined to ARM, and take a dump.
D
Display job information in the log.
DL
Display job information in the log, long form
E
Process a job again.
EC
Process a job again, but hold it prior to execution.
H
Hold a job.
I
Display job delay information.
J
Start a job immediately (WLM-managed classes only).
L
List a job's output status in the log.
LL
List a job's output status in the log, long form.
O
Release held output for printing.
P
Cancel a job and purge its output.
PP
Cancel a protected job and purge its output.
Q
Display output descriptors for all of the data sets for a job. (Access the Output Descriptors panel.)
S
Display the data sets for a job. (Access the Output Data Set panel.)
SB
Use ISPF Browse.
SE
Use ISPF Edit.
SJ
Use ISPF Edit to edit the JCL.
W
Cause job and message logs to spin .
X
Print output data sets. You can add the following:
C
Close the print file after printing (XC)
D
Display the Open Print Data Set panel (XD or XDC)
F
Display the Open Print File panel (XF or XFC)
S
Display the Open Print panel (XS or XSC)
25
PREFIX, OWNER and SET DISPLAY Commands

OWNER
Limit jobs displayed by ow ning user ID
PREFIX
Limit the jobs that are displayed by job name
SET DISPLAY
Controls the display of values
Notes:
PREFIX Command
Purpose: Limit the jobs that are displayed by job name.
Where used: Any SDSF panel (except help and tutorial), but affects only the DA, I, O, H, PS and ST
panels.
Format: PREFIX (string | * | ?)
string is the name of the job, up to 8 characters, including* (any string of characters) or % (any single
character). ?displays the current setting on the command line or pop-up.
Examples:
PREFIX IEB - Displays only jobs with the name IEB.

PRE IEB* - Displays only jobs whose names begin with IEB.
PREFIX with no parameters displays all jobs, except on the Held Output Queue panel, where it displays
all jobs with names that begin with your user ID.
26
OWNER Command
Purpose: Limit jobs displayed by owning user ID. You must be authorized to use this command.
Where used: Any SDSF panel (except help and tutorial panels) but only affects the DA, I, O, H, PS and
ST panels.
Format: OWNER (ownerid | *| ?) ownerid is the owning user ID of the job, or the netmail ID. It can be
up to 8 characters including * (any string of characters) or % (any single character). ? displays the
current setting on the command line or pop-up.
Examples:
OWNER KENJON2 (with no other filtering in effect). Displays only jobs for that owner.
OWNER * (with no other filtering in effect). Displays all jobs for all owner IDs.
SET DISPLAY Command:

Purpose: Controls the display of values for PREFIX, DEST, OWNER, SORT, FILTER (tabular panels
only) and SYSNAME.
Where used: Any SDSF panel (except help and tutorial panels).
Format: SET DISPLAY (ON | OFF | ?)
ON displays the values just above the scrollable data. ONis the default. For SORT, the values are in
the format column/order, or column//order if that column may degrade performance. For FILTER, the
number of filters is shown.
OFF ends the display of values.
? displays the current setting for SET DISPLAY.
Example: SET DISPLAY ON Displays current values.
27
Output Data Set panel

The Output Data Set panel allow s authorized users to brow se data, such
as a job's output data sets
Notes:
The Output Data Set panel allows authorized users to browse data, such as a job's output data sets. It
displays output formatted for a line-mode printer.
Access it with the S action character.
When used to browse a job's output data set, the panel also displays the JES2 job log, JCL for the job, and
any job-related messages.
28
JCL State ments Listing: // and XX

JCL Statement Listing //
JCL Statement Listing XX
Notes:
JCL Statement Listing //
JCL statements coded as part of the job are preceded by slashes (//) in the identifier field.The JCL
statements are numbered. When the SYSOUT data set is printed, the operating system numbers the JCL
statements automatically.
JCL Statement Listing - XX
JCL statements can also be statements from any invoked procedure. The XX in the identifier field
precedes invoked procedure statements
Statements from the invoked procedures may also appear in the output listing. The first MSGLEVEL
subparameter determines if these statements appear in the output listing.
29
Allocation and Termination Messages

JCL statements, Allocation and Ter mination Messages
Notes:
Allocation Messages
Allocation messages show how the system assigns resources to a job.
In an output listing, each of the allocation messages always follows a specially numbered statement called
a system message identifier.
Each allocation statement follows the system message identifier IEF237I.
Termination Messages
Termination messages show job termination and job step termination, as well as the disposition (or status)
of the jobs data sets at the time of termination.
In this example, the termination messages indicate the COMP step of the COB job terminated with a
condition code of 12.
At the time of termination, the system kept the VSCOB.LINKLIB data set, sent the JES2 control
messages
to
the
SYSOUT
data
set,
and
deleted
the
SYS86357.T103552.RA000.OL29EX00.R000001ystem data set.
Like allocation messages, termination messages are characterized by specially numbered statements.
30

JCL error messages point to any JCL statements that contain coding errors or f ail to execute properly.
Usually JCL error messages contain the JCL statement number of the statement that caused the error to occur.
The statement number of the statement that caused the error precedes the system message identif iers.
17 IEFC612I PROCEDURE NOT FOUND

18 IEFC630I UNIDENTIFIED KEYWORD ON
THE EXEC STATEMENT
19 IEFC629I INCORRECT USE OF
APOSTROPHE IN THE DSNAME FIELD
Error Explanation
//LA$TESTC JOB 31SP C03090156W,

//
COCHRAN, MSGCLASS=12
The MSGCLASS value
is only one character
Resulting error message
IEFC642I EXCESSIVE PARAMETER LENGTH
IN THE MSGCLASS FIELD
Notes:
Just like allocation and termination messages, system message identifiers precede JCL error messages.
In the example, the value of the message class is too long (MSGCLASS=12).
The value of the MSGCLASS parameter is only one character (e.g., MSGCLASS=A).
31

Example 2
//LA$TESTC JOB 31SPC03090156W,
// COCHRAN,MSGLEVEL=(1,1) MSGCLASS=A
Example 1
//
COCHRAN, MSGLEVL=(1,1)
MSGLEVEL was
misspelled
A blank space indicates that a

comment follows
Example 3
//
COCHRAN,MSGLEVEL=(21)

IEFC630I UNIDENTIFIED KEYWORD
MSGLEVL
Missing comma
IEFC622I IMPROPER SUBPARAMETER LIST
IN THE MSGLEVEL FIELD
Notes:
Example 1:
Here the MSGLEVEL parameter in the JOB statement is misspelled.
The JCL error message would occur if the JOB statement was run.
Example 2:
In some cases, there might be errors in the JCL, even if no error messages appear in the output listing.
Here in this example, a space exists between the MSGLEVEL and MSGCLASS parameters.
The operating system considers anything after the space as comment and so will ignore the request for
message class.
And as MSGCLASS=A is considered a comment, no error message will be listed.
Example 3:
In the example, the comma between the 2 and 1 in the MSGLEVEL parameter was accidentally omitted.
Running a job with this JOB statement would cause an JCL error message as shown.
32
Unit 3
Coding JOB Statements
Explain the purpose and syntax of the JOB statement

Define the JOB name
Code positional parameters and keyword parameters
Code the most commonly used keyword parameters on a JOB statement
Complete the JOB statement
Code additional JOB statement parameters
33
JOB statement
A JOB statement is the first statement in any JCL code and marks the start of a job and gives the
name of the job.
The parameters included in the JOB statement, such as accounting information and condition
settings for job termination, apply to the entire job.
//JOB1
JOB Name
JOB
776,M.FLURY
Operation
Field
Parameter
Field
Parameter Fields
The parameter field, in the JOB statement defines information that applies to the entire job. This information
includes accounting information, programmer name, and additional information regarding the job.
Notes:
The JOB name is a 1 to 8 character name that identifies the job so that other JCL statements or the
operating system can refer to it.
The JOB name must begin in position 3 with no spaces between it and the identifier.
The operation field follows the job name. For a JOB statement, the operator in the operation field is JOB.
Parameter Fields
One or more spaces separate the job parameters from the JOB operation field.
The parameter field can specify job accounting information and the programmer's name as has
been shown on the right.
A comma separates the job accounting information and the programmer's name.
Many organizations require the accounting information in order to charge computer time to the
appropriate department.
Often organizations require the programmer name information so that any problems return to the
appropriate individual or group.
34
JOB Name
To summarize, the rules require a job name to begin in
position 3 and to be 1 to 8 characters in length.
Valid Job Names

//JOB1 JOB
The first character of a job name should be either

alphabetic or a national symbol. It should not be a
number.
The rest of the characters in the job name can be
either alphanumeric or they can be national symbols.
//EXAMPLE4 JOB
//RUN#2 JOB
Invalid Job Names

//JOB1+ JOB
//EXAMPLE14 JOB
Special characters or spaces are not allowed.
// RUN#2 JOB
(Includes a special character)
(More than eight characters)
(Does not begin in position 3)
Notes:
The job name is the second field in a JOB statement. It follows the identifier field (//).
A JCL programmer should select the mandatory job name to identify the job to the operating system.
The operating system will not run jobs having the same name concurrently. Therefore, it is important that
each job should be assigned a unique name.
If two jobs having the same name try to execute at the same time, the second one gets delayed till the first
one completes.
35
Positional parameters
Positional parameters are parameters that are characterized by their location in the
parameter field in relation to other parameters.
The two positional parameters for a JOB statement are:
Job accounting information
Programmer name.
For example: The job statement shown here uses a job accounting number of 776 and
identifies the programmer of this job as K.YALE.
//JOB1 JOB 776,K.YALE
//JOB2 JOB CLASS=A
Positional
Parameters
Keyword
Parameter
Notes:
There are two types of parameters:
Positional parameters
Keyword parameters
What are positional parameters?

Positional parameters are parameters that are characterized by their location in the parameter field in
relation to other parameters.
Positional parameters appear first in the parameter field in a fixed order if there are multiple parameters.
36
Job Accounting Information

The value that you code for job accounting information depends on your installation. The code is
usually a number to identify a department or person to whom processor time is billed.
//JOB1 JOB (255,DEPT/OPS),K.YALE
Multiple Parameters
If you omit the job accounting parameter, you must indicate its absence with a
comma if you are coding the programmer name.
//JOB1 JOB ,K.YALE
Notes:
When job accounting information consists of multiple subparameters, the job accounting subparameters
must be enclosed in either parenthesis or apostrophes.
What is an installation?
Instalation refers to a particular computing system, including the work it does and the people who manage
and operate it.
In addition to the basic job accounting number, your installation may require information such as:
Date
Project director
Project number
The job accounting information appear in parentheses here because it appears in parentheses because it
consists of two subparameters:
255
DEPT/OPS
The parentheses indicate to the operating system that both subparameters comprise the job accounting
information.
Can you use special characters in subparameters?
Special characters can be used in subparameters, provided the subparameters are enclosed in apostrophes.
For example: The subparameter DEPT/OPS shown is enclosed in apostrophes because theslash (/) is a
special character.
37
Coding Programmer Name

The programmer name parameter identifies the person or group responsible for a job.
If you decide to include this information, the programmer name must immediately follow
the job accounting information parameter (or a comma to indicate its absence).
255,SMITH,MSGLEVEL=(1,0)
255,LONGPROGRAMERNAME
255,JOHN SMITH
255,OHARA
Notes:
The rules that apply to a programmer's name are as follows:
Separate the programmer's name from a preceding or following parameter by a comma
Make sure the programmer's name does not exceed 20 characters
Enclose the programmer's name in apostrophes when, the name contains special characters (other than
periods or hyphens)
Double any apostrophes in the programmer's name
The programmer's name is not a mandatory part of the JOB statement unless your installation has made it
so. Since the programmer name is the last positional parameter, you do not have to indicate its absence
with a comma if you leave it out.
38
Defining Keyword Parameters

Apart from positional parameters, the parameter may also contain keyword parameters.
Keyword parameters are parameters consisting of a keyword and equal sign and variable
information and supply information to the operating system for control of jobs. The
commonly used keyword parameters are:
CLASS
REGION
MSGLEVEL
MSGCLASS
Keyword Parameters
COND
GROUP
RD
LINES
MSGCLASS
MSGLEVEL
CARDS
NOTIFY
PASSWORD
RESTART
SECLABEL
TIME
TYPRUN
USER
PERFORM
PRTY
BYTES
PAGES
CCSID
SCHENV
Notes:
The characteristics of keyword parameters include:
They must follow any positional parameter
They can be coded in any order
They must include a keyword, an equal sign (=), and a value (for example, CLASS=A)
There are a host of other keyword parameters which you can use in your JOB statement.
You can use them to produce the exact results you want.
Some of the most commonly used keyword Parameters:
COND
CLASS
NOTIFY
PRTY
REGION
TIME
TYPRUN
USER
PASSWORD
These parameters follow the same guidelines as the keyword parameters MSGLEVEL and MSGCLASS.
39
MSGLEVEL Parameter
//JOB1 JOB 255,SMITH,MSGLEVEL=(0,0)

Statement
Message
The MSGLEVEL parameter controls how the JCL, allocation messages, and
termination messages are printed in the job's output listing (SYSOUT).
The MSGLEVEL parameter includes two subparameters: Statements and
Messages. Syntax:
MSGLEVEL=(statements,messages)
Notes:
You can request the following outputs using the MSGLEVEL parameter:
A listing of the JOB statement only
A listing of all user-supplied job control statements
A listing of all user-supplied job control statements plus all inserted statements for procedures
invoked by any of the job steps
Allocation, disposition, and termination messages
The MSGLEVEL Parameter Statement Subparameter

The statement subparameter indicates which job control statements the system is to print on the job log.
A statement subparameter can have one of the three values:
0 Print only the JOB statement
1 Print all JCL statements and JES2 or JES3 control statements, including invoked procedure
statements
2 Print only JCL statements and JES2 and JES3 control statements from the job stream
40
The MSGLEVEL Parameter Messages Subparameter

The messages subparameter indicates which messages the system is to print on the job log.
A messages subparameter can have one of the three values:
0 Print only JCL messages. Print JES and operator messages only if the job terminates
abnormally
1 Print all allocation/termination messages
Examples:
41
MSGCLASS Parameter
//JOB1 JOB 255,MSGLEVEL=(1,1),
//
MSGCLASS=A
You can use the MSGCLASS keyword parameter to assign an output class for your
output listing (SYSOUT). Output classes are defined by the installation to designate
unit record devices, such as printers.
Each class is one character long and is designated by:
A letter (A-Z)
or
A numeral (0-9)
Notes:
For example: In order to assign class A as the output class for your listing, you would code the
MSGCLASS
42
Defaults for MSGLEVEL & MSGCLASS

Both the MSGLEVEL and MSGCLASS parameters may have default settings,
depending on your installation. Omitting one or both of the keyword parameters from the
JOB statement, would make the operating system use these default settings.
In this case, you would code these parameters only if you want to have a different
message level or message class than the preset.
//JOB1 JOB 255,MSGCLASS=A
Default: MSGLEVEL=(1,1)
//JOB2 JOB 255,MSGLEVEL=(1,1)
Default: MSGCLASS=A
Notes:
The MSGLEVEL subparameters are universal but output class assignments and the default settings for
both parameters depend on your installation.
43
COND Parameter
The condition (COND) parameter specif ies the conditions under which a job terminates.
//JOBNAME JOB ...,COND=(code,operator)
//JOBNAME JOB ...,COND=((code,operator),(code,operator),... )
The Operator Subparameter
A JCL programmer can specify many ways of how the COND parameter tests a return code. The operator
subparameter specifies the comparison method.
Oper ator
GT
GE
EQ
NE
LT
LE
Meaning
Greater than
Greater than or equal to
Equal to
Not equal to
Less than
Less than or equal to
Notes:
How does the COND parameter check for a condition?
When a program terminates, it generates a return code that indicates the conditions under which the
program terminated.
The COND parameter that you code provides the "test" needed for the comparison by supplying a value
withwhich to compare the return code.
Each COND parameter uses the following two subparameters:
Code
Operator
Code - This subparameter specifies a decimal value to be compared with the return code provided upon
completion of a program. The decimal value can range from 0 to 4095.
Operator - This subparameter specifies how the code subparameter is compared with the return code and
specifies the type of text.
You must remember to enclose each test in its own set of parentheses and the whole group of tests in
another pair of parentheses, in order to test more than one return code. You do not have to add the second
pairparentheses, if you want to test only one return code.
You can include a maximum of eight different return code tests on each JOB statement.
If any of the tests is true, the system bypasses all the remaining steps.
44
What happens if you try to code more than eight comparisons?

Attempting to code more than eight comparisons will result in you receiving a JCL error message and
termination of the job abnormally. Therefore it is not possible to do so.
You can include the COND parameter in either the EXEC statements or the JOB statements. COND
parameters coded in the JOB statement are tested before any COND parameters coded in EXEC
statements within the job. When coded in the EXEC statement, it is possible to test the return code of
specific steps. In the JOB statement, tests apply to all steps in the JOB.
45
COND Parameter: Examples

//JOB1
JOB 776,SMITH,COND=(12,LT)
Return Code <= 12
//STEP2 EXEC PGM=PROGRAMB

The job executes the remaining job steps only if the return code is 1 through 12. If
the return code is 13 or higher, the remaining steps will be bypassed.
//JOB3
JOB 776,SMITH,
//
COND=((16,LT),(8,GT))
8 > Return Code < 16

This example helps you to make multiple comparisons, which might be needed in some cases.
Notes:
Example 1(slide):
This example helps you read the COND parameter in the JOB statement in the JOB statement as: "If 12 is
less than the return code, do not execute any more job steps.
Example 2 (slide):
This example helps you to make multiple comparisons, which might be needed in some cases. Here you
can read the COND parameters in the JOB statement as: "If 16 is less than the return code or if 8 is
greater than the return code, do not execute any more job steps. The job executes subsequent job steps
only if the return code is 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, or 16 for each previous job step.
Example 3:
//JOB2 JOB 776,SMITH,COND=(12,GT)
This example helps you to read the COND parameter in the JOB statement as: "If 12 is greater than the
return code of any job step, do not execute any more job steps."
The job executes the remaining job steps only if the return code is 12 or greater. If the return code is 0
through 11, the remaining steps will be bypassed.
46
CLASS Parameter
The CL ASS Param eter Jobs are grouped into various job classes.
A good balance of job class a ssignments helps to make the most efficient use
possible of the system.
Job class is a single character subparameter that can take the values A through Z
or 0 through 9.
//JOB1
JOB
504,SMITH, CLASS=A
Job class
Notes:
Jobs are grouped into various job classes.
Jobs are site-specific. You can check with your operations department about the job classes that are
available for your use.
Why are jobs grouped into classes?
This is done for the following reasons:
Job classes help to achieve a balance between different types of jobs
They help avoid contention between jobs that use the same resources
In order to specify a particular class for your job, you have to code the CLASS parameter on your JOB
statement.
Job class is a single character subparameter that can take the values A through Z or 0 through 9.
47
NOTIFY Parameter
The NOTIFY parameter indicates the TSO/E user the system must notify upon job
completion. For example, to have the system send a message to JSMITH when the
job EX completes, you would code the NOTIFY parameter on a JOB statement as:
//EX
JOB
...,NOTIFY=JSMITH
Notes:
If you use the NOTIFY parameter to specify your TSO/E user ID, the operating system automatically
sends you a job completion message when your job ends.
48
PRTY Parameter
The PRTY parameter specifies a job's priority for selection within its job class. Usually,
this parameter is meant to designate one job for execution over others in a class.
The range of PRTY values is usually 0 through 15 for JES2 and 0 through 14 for JES3,
with 0 having the lowest priority.
//JOB1
JOB
504,SMITH,PRTY=3
PRTY
Parameter
If you have to give a specific priority to a job within a specific class, you will code both the
CLASS and the PRTY parameters on the JOB statement.
//JOB1 JOB 504,SMITH,CLASS=T,
//
PRTY=3
Notes:
When no priority has been specified, the system processes jobs within the same class in a first-in, first-out
manner.
Example: If you have to give a specific priority of 3 to a job (within its default class), you will code the
PRTY parameter on a JOB statement as has been shown here
49
REGION Parameter
The REGION parameter specifies the amount of storage space (in kilobytes or
megabytes) that has to be allocated to a particular job.
You can make use of this parameter to override the default region size set at your
installation.
//EXEC JOB
//EXEC JOB
...,REGION=valueK
...,REGION=valueM
Kilobytes
Megabytes
Notes:
Incase of a JOB statement, the region specified in the REGION parameter applies to all steps in a job and
it overrides any REGION parameter coded on an EXEC statement.
Normally, when the REGION parameter makes a GETMAIN request or a dynamic request for more
storage, it limits the amount of virtual storage available to a program.
Different programs operate best at different region levels. Fir instance, in order to limit the virtual storage
space of a job to 512 KB, you will need to code the REGION parameter on the JOB statement as:
//EX
JOB
...,REGION=512K
In a similar manner, in order to limit a job's virtual storage space to 1024 KB bytes or 1MB, you will need
to code the REGION parameter as:
//EX
JOB
...,REGION=1M
When you use the REGION parameter in conjunction with ADDRSPC=REAL, REGION specifies the
amount of real storage.
For instance, to limit a job's real storage space to 512 KB, you code the REGION parameter, along with
the ADDRSPC parameter on the JOB statement as:
//EX
JOB
...,REGION=512K,
//
ADDRSPC=REAL
50
TIME Parameter
The TIME parameter specif ies a maximum amount of processor time av ailable f or the job. If the limit
in the
TIME parameter is reached, the job will terminate abnormally. The syntax for the TIME parameter is:
//jobname
JOB
...,TIME=(minutes,seconds)
The TIME parameter preserves processor time in case of an undetected error (like an endless loop)
that may
Limit the CPU execution time to 2
surface only during execution of program.
minutes and 45 seconds
Examples
//EXAMPLE1
//EXAMPLE2
//EXAMPLE3
//EXAMPLE4
JOB 776,STUDENT,TIME=(2,45)
JOB 776,STUDENT,TIME=1440
JOB 776,STUDENT,TIME=NOLIMIT
JOB 776,STUDENT,TIME=MAXIMUM
Notes:
For example, to limit the CPU execution time to 2 minutes and 45 seconds, you will need to code the
TIME parameter on a JOB statement as:
//EXAMPLE1 JOB 776,STUDENT,TIME=(2,45)
TIME Subparameters:
The 1440 indicates that a job is allowed to run for an unlimited amount of time. Literally, the
subparameter 1440 means 1,440 minutes (i.e. 24 hours). However, the 1440 subparameter has special
meaning to the operating system.
For instance, in order to allow your job to run indefinitely, you will code a JOB statement using the
NOLIMIT subparameter as:
//EXAMPLE JOB
776,STUDENT,TIME=1440
The NOLIMIT subparameter is identical in function to the 1440 subparameter.

Coding NOLIMIT with the TIME parameter will lead to the associated job running for an unlimited
amount of time.
For instance, in order to allow a job to run indefinitely, you will have to code a JOB statement using the
NOLIMIT subparameter as:
//EXAMPLE
JOB
776,STUDENT,TIME=NOLIMIT
The MAXIMUM subparameter indicates that the associated job can run for 357,912 minutes, which is the
maximum time the operating systems allows for a job (other than unlimited).
For example to limit the jobs CPU processing time to 357,912 minutes, you would the code a JOB
statement as:
//EXAMPLE
JOB
776,STUDENT,TIME=MAXIMUM
51
TYPRUN Parameter
The TYPRUN parameter identifies jobs that have special processing requirements.
The subparameters that can be used with the TYPRUN key word are as f ollows:
COPY (for JES2 only) - This is used to tell the system to copy the input to a SY SOUT data
set for output processing, but not to execute it.
HOLD - this is used to tell the system to hold the job prior to execution, until the operator
releases the job.
SCAN - This is used to tell the tell the system to scan the JCL for syntax errors, but not to
execute it.
Notes:
52
USER and PASSWORD Parameters

The USER parameter identif ies the user ID of the person who submitted the job.
This parameter uses a USERID subparameter which must be 1 to 7 alphanumeric characters or national
symbols. The f irst character cannot be numeric.
The PASSWORD parameter identifies a current RACF password for a job.
The PASSWORD parameter uses a job-specif ic subparameter, which can be 1 to 8 alphanumeric characters
or national symbols.
To specify a password of XYZ123, with a user ID of HARRIS, you would code the PASSWORD and USER
parameters as shown here.
//EXAMPLE
JOB
776,STUDENT,PASSWORD=XYZ123,USER=HARRIS
Notes:
In most cases, the USER parameter is used in conjunction with the PASSWORD parameter.
Many system facilities, including the Resource Access Control Facility (RACF) and the System Resource
Manager (SRM) use the USERID subparameter.
Just as in the case of the USER parameter, the PASSWORD parameter may or may not be required at
your site.
53
Coding Multiple Keyword Parameters

You can code multiple keyword parameters on a single JOB statement in any order that you
choose after any positional parameters are coded.
//JOB1
//
//
//
//
JOB 504,SMITH,
TIME=(2,45),
REGION=768K,CLASS=T,
PRTY=3,
NOTIFY=JSMITH
Notes:
Here, the JOB1 job is limited in processing time to 2 minutes, 45 seconds, and has been allocated a
limited space of 768 KB.
This job has a class of T, and a job priority of 3 within class T. This means that this job named JOB1 will
run ahead of all other jobs in class T that have a lower priority value (PRTY value) than 3.
The operating system notifies user JSMITH, upon the complete execution of the job.
54
Unit 4
Coding EXEC Statements
Code an EXEC statement to specify a program to be executed

Correct coding errors in an EXEC statement
Identify which JCL statement has caused a PROGRAM NOT FOUND error message
Identify the system library from which programs are retrieved at execution time
Identify the DD statement names used to specify a private library from which programs are
retrieved at execution time
Select the place in the job stream where STEPLIB and JOBLIB DD statements should be
located
Code a JOBLIB DD statement
55
Notes:
The EXEC statement has to be coded using a particular JCL syntax. Like the JOB statement, the EXEC
statement too has five fields. The EXEC statement format includes the following:
Identifier Field (//):
It occupies position 1 and 2
Name Field:
It names the step starting in position 3
EXEC Operator Field:
It states the JCL statement type
Parameter Field:
It is used to state the parameters used on an EXEC statement
Comment Field:
This field is optional
56
Step Name
It is important for y ou to always follow the JCL
step name coding rules while naming a step. Not
doing so will lead to JCL errors.
Following are the coding rules f or the step name:
Valid Step Names

//STEP1 EXEC
The step name must begin in position 3
//EXAMPLE4 EXEC
The step name must be 1 to 8 characters

in length
//RUN#2 EXEC
The f irst character in the step name should

be either alphabetic or a national symbol
The f irst character cannot be a number
Rest of the characters in the step name

can either be alphanumeric or they can be
national symbols
Special characters and spaces cannot be

used in a step name
Invalid Step Names

//STEP1+ EXEC
(Includes a special character)

//EXAMPLE14 EXEC (More than eight characters)
(Does not begin in position 3)
// RUN#2 EXEC
Notes:
Examples:
The step name LA$JOE is acceptable because it fits all the requirements defined in the rules for coding a
step name( the $ is one of the national symbols).
However, STEP#FOUR is not a valid step name because it contains more than eight characters.
57
Positional Parameter
The parameter field follows the EXEC operator and may contain multiple parameters. The first parameter in an
EXEC statement is a positional parameter that designates the program or procedure the system executes
during the jobstep.
This positional parameter is often coded like a key word parameter using either PGM= or PROC=.
PGM= designates a program the system executes during the job step.
PROC= designates a procedure the system executes.
If you omit the PGM= or PROC= key word, the operating system automatically looks f or a procedure by the
specif ied name
//STEP1 EXEC procedure-name
//STEP2 EXEC PROC=procedure
//STEP1 EXEC PGM=program-name
Positional
Parameter
Notes:
PGM= designates a program the system executes during the job step. Shown here is the syntax of PGM
as a positional parameter in the EXEC statement.
PROC= designates a procedure the system executes. The syntax of PROC as a positional parameter in an
EXEC statement.
If you omit the PGM= or PROC= keyword, the operating system automatically looks for a procedure by
the specified name
58
Positional Parameter Coding Errors
//LA$JOE JOB
//STEP1
3SPO3W,CLASS=B
EXEC PGM = IEFBR14
In the example shown here, the equal sign in the

parameter field is preceded and followed by a space.
The system interprets "PGM" as a procedure name and
not as a keyword f or the positional parameter of the
EXEC statement. When this program executes, an error
"NOT FOUND" may appear. Y ou can fix this error by
eliminating the spaces bef ore and after the equal sign.
SYSTEM ABEND
Notes:
JCL errors occur if you, as a JCL programmer fail to follow any of the coding rules regarding the PGM
and PROC positional parameters.
For example, the misspelling of PGM (as PGR) in the EXEC statemen returns a JCL error.
59
Keyword Parameters
Y ou may code key word parameters on the EXEC statement in any order, following the program or
procedure name being executed.
The two keyword parameters used most frequently with the EXEC statement are:
The PARM parameter
ACCT
The COND parameter
RD
DYNAMNBR
ADDRSPC
PGM=PROGA, keyword
PERFORM
REGION
PARM
COND
TIME
DPRTY
CCSID
Notes:
You can use any of the keyword parameters shown here on the EXEC statement.
If you code one of these keyword parameters on the EXEC statement, the keyword parameter value will
apply only to that step.
60
PARM Parameter
The PARM parameter passes information to the executing program. Some programs accept
inf ormation fromthe PARM parameter about how many times to execute.
The syntax for the PARM parameter is:
PARM=(SUBPARAMETER,SUBPARAMETER)
//JOB1
JOB
766,SMITH
//RUN#2 EXEC PGM=REPORT,

//
Examples
PARM=MONTHLY

//
PARM=10-31-98
//
PARM=(MONTHLY,10-31-98)
Notes:
The PARM parameter passes information to the executing program. Some programs accept information
from the PARM parameter about how many times to execute.
For example, a program may need to know whether a report cycle is "annual" or "monthly".
The records the program uses vary depending on which value is passed to it.
Similarly, the PARM parameter can supply a password to the program that is required before the program
executes.
Rules for Coding the PARM Parameter
The general syntax and rules for coding the PARM parameter are:
The PARM parameter can include up to 100 characters
The PARM parameter can consist of several subvalues separated by commas.
Subparameters must be enclosed in parentheses or apostrophes
Special characters must be enclosed in apostrophes
Example 1 (slide):
This EXEC statement passes one value (MONTHLY) as input to a program named REPORT.
61
Example 2 (slide):
This EXEC statement passes the date (10-31-98) as input to the program called REPORT. The
subparameter is enclosed in apostrophes because special characters are used.
Example 3 (slide):
In this example, the EXEC statement passes both the type of report (MONTHLY) and the date (10-31-98)
as subparameters of the PARM parameter. The two subparameters are enclosed in parentheses.
62
COND Parameter
To provide control over the whole job, you can code the condition (COND) parameter on the JOB statement.
The syntax for the COND is:
COND=(code,operator[,stepname][.procstepname])
When you use the COND parameter on an EXEC statement, the parameter specifies the conditions
that allow the system to by pass a step by testing return codes f rom any or all previous steps.
If the result of any test is true, the system will bypass the step.
COND Parameter Operators
Like the JOB statement COND parameter, each test in an EXEC statement COND parameter has
its own operator. This operator is independent of any other operators in any other tests.
GT
GE
EQ
NE
LT
LE
Greater than
Equal to
Not equal to
Less than
Notes:
As on the JOB statement, the code subparameter indicates a return code, and the operator subparameter
indicates the type of test used for the comparison.
What happens if you specify only the code and operator subparameters?
If you specify only the code and operator subparameters, the test runs for all previous return codes in the
job.
The stepname.procstepname subparameter (instead of the stepname subparameter) compares a code value
against the return code from a specific previous procedure job step.
The actual return code value, which may range from 0 to 4095, is compared with the return code specified
in the COND parameter.
You can code up to eight comparisons. If any comparison is true, the system bypasses the step.
63
COND Parameter Examples

//JOB1
JOB
778,SMITH
//EXAMPLE2 EXEC
PGM=DELETE
//EXAMPLE3 EXEC
PGM=UPDATE,
//
COND=(8,GT)
//DD1
DD
DSN=INPUT
//JOB1
JOB
778,SMITH
//EXAMPLE2 EXEC
PGM=DELETE
//EXAMPLE3 EXEC
PGM=UPDATE,
//
COND=(8,GT,EXAMPLE2)
//DD1
DD
DSN=INPUT
In the example shown here, the COND parameter reads as

follows:
"If the return code f rom any prev ious step is less than 8, then
by pass this step."
The COND parameter in the step EXAMPLE3, includes

a stepname subparameter. This causes the COND
statement to read as follows:
"If the return code f rom step EXAMPLE2 is less than 8,
then bypass step EXAMPLE3."
Notes:
64
The COND Subparameters EVEN & ONLY

The EVEN subparameter allows the current step to execute even if any prev ious step terminates abnormally.
Conversely, the ONLY subparameter allows the current step to execute only if any previous step terminates
abnormally.
//JOB1 JOB
//EXAMPLE1 EXEC
//EXAMPLE2 EXEC
//EXAMPLE3 EXEC
778,SMITH
PGM=STEP1
PGM=STEP2
PGM=STEP4, COND=EVEN
Program STEP3 always executes, even if a previous step (e.g. STEP2) in the job terminates abnormally.
//JOB1 JOB
//EXAMPLE1 EXEC
//EXAMPLE2 EXEC
//EXAMPLE3 EXEC
778,SMITH
PGM=STEP1
PGM=STEP2
PGM=STEP3, COND=ONLY
Program STEP3 will execute only if a previous step in the job terminates abnormally.
Notes:
In addition to code, operator, stepname, and procedure stepname, the EVEN and ONLY subparameters
may also be coded on the COND parameter.
These subparameters do not apply to condition codes returned by a program after normal termination.
They relate to abnormal termination of a prior step. Abnormal termination occurs when unexpected
conditions arise during execution of a step.
Without the use of EVEN or ONLY, a job bypasses all remaining steps following an abnormal program
termination.
The EVEN and ONLY subparameters cannot appear on the same step. They are mutually exclusive.
However, EVEN or ONLY can be coded in place of one of the eight return code test allowed for each
step. The order in which tests are coded does not matter.
Example EVEN:
//JOB1
JOB 778,SMITH
//EXAMPLE1 EXEC PGM=STEP1

//EXAMPLE4 EXEC PGM=STEP4,
If you code COND=EVEN on an EXEC statement as shown here, the program STEP4 always executes,
even if a previous step (e.g. STEP3) in the job terminates abnormally.
65
Example ONLY:
//JOB1
JOB 778,SMITH

//EXAMPLE4 EXEC PGM=STEP4,
//
//DD1
COND=ONLY
DD DSN=INPUT
If you code COND=ONLY on an EXEC statement as shown here, the program STEP4 will execute only
if a previous step in the job terminates abnormally.
66
Program Libraries
In a job, each job step beings with an EXEC statement

that identifies a program name. In order to run the
program in the EXEC statement, the system searches
for it in program libraries.
In the example, the programmer wanted to execute a
program called REPORT and coded the JCL as shown.
The operating system searches SY S1.LINKLIB or
LINKLIST f or REPART. The error messages shown
occur because REPORT was misspelled as REPART
in the JCL
//RUN31 JOB
777,CLASS=B
//STEPA EXEC PGM=REPORT

CSV003I REQUESTED MODULE REPART NOT
FOUND
CSV028I JOBNAME=RUN31 STEPNAME=STEPA
Error Message
Notes:
In the example, the programmer wanted to execute a program called REPORT and coded the JCL as
shown.
The operating system searches SYS1.LINKLIB or LINKLIST for REPART. The error messages shown
occur because REPORT was misspelled as REPART in the JCL
In a job, each job step beings with an EXEC statement that identifies a program name. In order to run the
program in the EXEC statement, the system searches for it in program libraries.
It will search one or more system program libraries automatically or you can direct the system to search
for the program in a private program library.
The operating system searches SYS1.LINKLIB or LINKLIST for REPART. The error messages shown
occur because REPORT was misspelled as REPART in the JCL
67
Private Program Libraries

Y ou can use private libraries to store programs.
The JOBLIB DD statement causes the system to search a private library for all programs bef ore
searching SY S1.LINKLIB.
//JOB1
//JOBLIB
//STEP1
//STEP1
JOB
DD
EXEC
EXEC
776,SMITH
DSN=LIBRARY,DISP=SHR
PGM=MYPROG1
PGM=MYPROG2
The STEPLIB DD statement makes more sense to direct the system to search a private library on a
step-by-step basis.
//STEP1 EXEC PGM=PROGA
//STEPLIB DD DSN=MYLIB,DISP=SHR
//*
//STEP2 EXEC PGM=PROGB
//STEPLIB DD DSN=MYLIB,DISP=SHR
If a STEPLIB and JOBLIB DD statement both appear in a job, the system ignores JOBLIB
Notes:
You can use private libraries to store programs.
If you want to invoke a program called MYPROGwhich is stored in a private library, you must tell the
operating system the name of the privatelibrary by coding a special DD statement named JOBLIB.
If you want the system to call a program from a private library you should insert the JOBLIB DD
statement in the job before the first EXECstatement in the job.
The JOBLIB DD statement causes the system to search a private library before searching
SYS1.LINKLIB.
If the system does not find the program in the library specified by the JOBLIB DD statement then it goes
on to search the SYS1.LINKLIB and the libraries defined in LINKLIST next. This search sequence
repeats for every step in the job.
The STEPLIB DD statement can be placed anywhere in a job step but it typically appears after an EXEC
statement.
If most of the programs for a job reside in SYS1.LINKLIB or LINKLIST and only a few are in private
libraries, it makes more sense to direct the system to search a private library on a step-by-step basis.
This saves processing time by eliminating unnecessary searching.
To search a private library directly you use a special DD statement called STEPLIB DD statement as
shown.
What if a STEPLIB and JOBLIB DD statement both appear in a job?
In this case the STEPLIB DD statement overrides the JOBLIB statement. The system ignores JOBLIB
and it does not search it in the step. It starts search only with the step library.
68
Example:
//JOB1
JOB 777,SMITH
//JOBLIB DD DSN=USER1
//STEP1 EXEC PGM=MYPROG
//STEPLIB DD DSN=LIBRARY,
//
DISP=SHR
Just like a JOBLIB DD statement, the STEPLIB DD statement searches a private library for a specified
program, but the STEPLIB DD statement is in effect only for the duration of the step it follows.
If the system does not find the program in library specified by the STEPLIB DD statement, it searches the
system libraries (SYS1LINKLIB and LINKLIST) next.
If it does not find the program there, the job step terminates abnormally.
Example:
//JOB1
JOB 777,SMITH
//STEP1 EXEC PGM=PROGA

//STEP2 EXEC PGM=MYPROG
//STEPLIB DD DSN=LIBRARY,
//
DISP=SHR
//STEP3 EXEC PGM=PROGB

When executing STEP1, the system will search in SYS1.LINKLIB and LINKLIST for PROGA.
But when executing STEP2, the system will look first in the private library named LIBRARY for
MYPROG, ignoring SYS1.LINKLIB and LINKLIST. If it does not find MYPROG in LIBRARY it will
search in SYS1.LINKLIB and LINKLIST.
And in STEP3 the system will look for PROGB in SYS1.LINKLIB and LINKLIST but not in LIBRARY.
69
Unit 5
Coding DD Statements
Identify how to connect a DD statement to the program requirement for input/output

Identify the number of DD statements required for a given program
Understand the advantages of identifying the application data set and its location at
program initiation time
Use backward reference feature with the PGM, DSN, VOL, and DCB parameters
Code statements to concatenate data sets and create dummy data sets
Code statements to produce storage dumps
70
DD statement
Each data set used or created in a job step requires a separate DD statement.
The syntax used f or coding a DD statement in the JCL is:
//ddname DD parameter(s)
The DD statement identifies the basic information about a data set including:
DDNAME used by the program to reference a data set
The data set name
The location of the data set

Exemple:
The manner in which data set should be accessed
//MYJOB
JOB
//STEP1
EXEC PGM=PAYROLL
//PAY
DD DSN=WEEKPAY 1
Notes:
The advantages of using DD statements in JCL are:
It allows the data set information to change without recompiling the programs that access the data set It
increases reusability of programs
The installation becomes more adaptable
Example:
The PAYROLL program might specify a DDNAME of PAY for the weekly payroll data set. The program
uses DDNAME PAY to point to the data set for input to the payroll program.
If the payroll data set for that week is WEEKPAY1, then the JCL might appear as
//MYJOB
JOB
//STEP1 EXEC PGM=PAYROLL

//PAY
DD
DSN=WEEKPAY1
71
Using DDNAME in Programs

How do we code DDNAME in programs?
The f ormat for coding a DDNAME in a program depends on the language in which the program is written.
The way the DDNAME is coded is different in COBOL, PL/1, and Assembler. In the example the
DDNAME used is DD1.
COBOL
SELECT FILEIN ASSIGN
TO
PL/1
READ FILE(DD1)
DD1
//MYJOB
JOB
//STEP1
EXEC PGM=PAYROLL
//DD1
DD
DSN=WEEKPAY1
Assembler
FILEIN DCB DDNAME=DD1,...
Notes:
The ASSIGN clause in the Environment Division of the COBOL program identifies the DDNAME that
must be used in the DD statement.
72
DD Statement Parameters
//DDNAME DD parameter(s)
The characteristics of DD Statement
Parameters are:
DSN
Adding parameters in the DD

statement allows us to specify the
characteristics of a data set
DD statement parameters can be
coded in any order as they are
key word parameters
DISP
UNIT
VOL
SPACE
LABEL
DCB
SYSOUT
Notes:
73
DD Statement Parameters - DSN

The Data Set Name (DSN) specifies the name of the data set
Tem porary data set

It is used f or storage within the life cycle of the job. Syntax:
//DATA1 DD DSN=&&FIRST
or
//DATA1 DD (all needed parameters except DSN parameter)
Non-Tem porary Data Set

It can be saved and reused after the job has completed. Non-temporary data sets must be
giv en a data set name. Sy ntax:
//DATA2 DD DSN=SECOND
Notes:
Temporary Data Sets
The characteristics of a temporary data set are:
Temporary data set is used for storage within the life cycle of the job
Naming a temporary data set is optional
Temporary data set names can be coded either by including two ampersands (&&) before the
name or by leaving out the DSN parameter
The syntax used in coding temporary data sets is:
//DATA1 DD DSN=&&FIRST
or
//DATA1 DD (all needed parameters except DSN parameter)

When the DSN parameter is omitted the system assigns a unique name.
Non-Temporary Data Sets
The characteristics of non-temporary data sets are:
Non-Temporary Data Sets
Non-temporary data sets can be saved and reused after the job has completed
Non-temporary data sets must be given a data set name
The syntax used in coding non-temporary data sets is:
//DATA2 DD DSN=SECOND
74
DD Statement Parameters - DISP

DISP=([status][,nor mal-ter mination-disp] [,abnor mal-ter mination-disp])
The data set disposition parameter (DISP) specifies the current status of a data set and tells the
system which method to use for handling the data set after the job step terminates.
The current status of a data set can be:

Old (OLD)
New (NEW)
Shared (SHR)
The method of handling a data set after termination can be:

Delete (DELETE)
Keep (KEEP)
Catlog (CATLG)
Uncatlog (UNCATLG)
Examples
//DATA1 DD DSN=FIRST,
//
DISP=(NEW,CATLG)
//DATA2 DD DSN=SECOND,
//
DISP=OLD
//DATA3 DD DSN=AAAAA,
//
DISP=(,CATLG,DELETE)
//DATA4 DD DSN=BBBBB,
//
DISP=(OLD,DELETE,DELETE)
//DATA5 DD DSN=CCCCC,
//
DISP=(,PASS)
Pass (PASS)
Notes:
For example, the DISP parameter can tell the system to delete a temporary data set at the end of a job or
save a non-temporary data set. The DISP statement can also setup a data set to be shared or passed to
another job, cataloged in a library, or used to create a new data set.
75
DD Statement Parameters - UNIT
The I/O UNIT parameter is used to request the type (or group) of hardware device(s) used to
store or access a data set.
//DATA2 DD UNIT=3390
Device
//DATA2 DD UNIT=SYSDA
Group
Notes:
Using the UNIT parameter, you can specify a particular tape drive, printer, or DASD device based on its
hardware address, device type or group name.
Interaction with I/O devices can be accomplished by specifying its:
Hardware address
Device type
Group name
76
DD Statement Parameters - VOL

The Volume (VOL) parameter is used to indicate the specif ic media volume a tape data set has to access.
A media v olume might be a specific tape volume named ACCT01 or specif ic disk pack named TSO001.
//INPUT DD DSN=MYTAPE,
//
UNIT=TAPE,
//
VOL=SER=ACT001
//INPUT DD DSN=ABC,
//
UNIT=DISK,
//
VOL=SER=TSO001
Notes:
A media on a storage device such as a tape reel or a Direct Access Storage Device (Disk unit) is called a
volume.
77
DD Statement Parameters - SPACE

By using the SPACE parameter the required amount of space for a data set can be allocated.
SPA CE= ({TRK,}(primary-qty[,second-qty][,directory])[,RLSE])

{CYL,}
//DATA1
//
//
//
DD DSN=FIRST,
DISP=(NEW,CATLG),
UNIT=SYSDA,
SPACE=(TRK,(10,20),RLSE)
Notes:
The characteristics of the SPACE parameter are:
Coding the SPACE specifies how much room on a DASD volume the system should allocate to the new
data set
The space can be reserved by specifying a number of blocks, tracks or cylinders
78
DD Statement Parameters - DCB

What are the characteristics of the DCB parameter?
The Data Control Block (DCB) parameter is used during execution to complete inf ormation in the
program's data control block for a data set.
The DCB parameter identif ies the ty pe, block size, and length of records in a data set:
LRECL=bytes
Used to specify the size of the registers for a new data set.
BLKSIZE=bytes
Used to specify the maximum size of a block in bytes.
RECFM = parameter
Used to specify the format and the characteristics in the new data set.
DSORG=organization
Specifies the organisation f or a data set

//DATA1
//
//DATA2
//
DD DCB=(RECFM=FB,
LRECL=80,BLKSIZE=6400)
DD RECFM=FB,DSORG=PO,
Notes:
RECFM = parameter Used to specify the format and the characteristics in the new data set.
F
fixed size
FB
blocked fixed size
variable size
VB
blocked variable size
DSORG=organization Specifies the organisation for a data set

PS
Physical sequential
PO
Partitioned data set
79
DD Statement Parameters - SYSOUT

The output stream, or SYSOUT data set, is the data set that contains the results of a job to be
printed.
The SY SOUT parameter specif ies a system output data set and its output class.
The DD statement routes the output to a printer of the specified output class.
The output class can be any alphanumeric character (A-Z, 0-9) or an asterisk.
//DATA1 DD SYSOUT=A
Notes:
The output class in an installation can be used for printing on special forms or for high-volume and highpriority output.
The asterisk tells the system to use the same class as the MSGCLASS parameter in the JOB statement.
80
Dummy Data Sets

What is a dummy data set?
A dummy data set is a data set for which all Input or Output (I/O) operations are bypassed.
A special DD statement, DD DUMMY , is used to ignore a data set during the execution of a program.
How does it work?
When a data set is assigned dummy status, all I/O operations are by passed and device allocation,
space allocation and data set disposition are ignored.
Dummy data sets can be specif ied in DD statements by doing one of the following:
Coding DUMMY as the first DD parameter

//ddname
DD
DUMMY
Coding DSN=NULLFILE
//ddname
DD
DSN=NULLFILE
Notes:
Each data set that is referred by a program should have a ddname. The JCL for the program must contain
the corresponding DD statements.
If a data set is not coded by a DD statement, then the program will abnormally end (ABEND) as shown.
When an input data set is optional for the programs processing or when an output data set is not required
dummy data sets can be used.
81
Data Set Concatenation

A programmer can code DD statements to request that sev eral data sets be concatenated.
Data set concatenation enables the system to process several separate physical data sets as one
logical data set.
Following steps are inv olved in concatenating data sets:

1)
Code a standard DD statement for the f irst data set only
2)
Add a DD statement without a ddname for each data set

to be concatenated
3)
Sequence the statements in the order they are to be

processed
//ddname DD DSN=JAN.DATA
//
DD DSN=FEB.DATA
//
DD DSN=MAR.DATA
Notes:
Consider a cost ledger system to produce a monthly cost summary file. At the year end, it is required to
process all 12 monthly data sets to produce an annual report. All the data sets are concatenated so that
they can be processed sequentially.
In this example, the program uses a ddname of LEDGER and the monthly data sets are named JAN,
FEB, MAR and so on.
The operating system draws the concatenated data sets sequentially, treating them as a single logical data
set.
How concatenation is useful?
Using concatenation, a program can be run with one or several input data sets by merely changing the DD
statement.
While concatenating data sets the following points must be considered:
The concatenated data sets must have the same (or compatible) DCB subparameters. Namely,
RECFM, LRECL and BLKSIZE.
A maximum of 255 sequential and 16 partitioned data sets can be concatenated.
82
Using Backward Reference

It is a technique that directs the system to copy parameter values from preceding DD statements. Syntax:
Keyw ord = *. [stepname] [procstep] ddname

DSN Backward Reference
It is a coding technique that refers to a prior DD statement that names the data set you want to process.
//STEP1 EXEC PGM=PROG1
//DD1
DD DISP=(NEW,PASS),DSN=WEEK1
//DD2 DD DSN=*.STEP1.DD1,DISP=OLD
DCB Backward Reference
It is a coding technique that allows y ou to copy a list of attributes from a prior DD statement in the same
or prev ious job step.
//DD1
DD
DCB=(RECFM=FB,ZRECL=80,BLKSIZE=800)
//DD2
DD
DCB=*STEP1.DD1,...
Notes:
Four common backward references are:
PGM Reference: Points to a previous data set to specify a program name
DSN Reference: Points to a previous data set name
VOL Reference: Points to a previous volume serial number
DCB Reference: Points to DCB attributes defined in another previous DD statement
PGM Backward Reference:
A PGM backward reference is useful in a program development environment, in which the output from
one job step (typically a linkage edit step) may become the program to execute in a subsequent step. In
such a case, instead of naming the program, you can code a PGM backward reference.
A PGM backward reference is a coding technique that points to a prior DD statement which specifies a
member of a program library.
The general form of a PGM backward reference is as follows:
//STEP EXEC PGM=*.stepname.ddname
83
Example:
//LKED
EXEC PGM=LINKEDIT
//SYSLMOD DD
//
DSN=&&GOSET(GO),
DISP=(NEW,PASS)
//STEPA
EXEC PGM=*.LKED.SYSLMOD
The ddname is SYSLMOD and the data name is &&GOSET(GO).

The DISP parameter specifies that the data is NEW and is to be PASSed to another step.
TEPA executes the program, using a PGM backward reference.
DSN Backward Reference:
This technique is useful when coding jobs that consist of several steps, with multiple references to the
same data set. The reference can also be used to retrieve temporary data sets in subsequent job steps,
without knowing the name.
The DSN backward reference is a coding technique that refers to a prior DD statement that names the
data set you want to process.
The general form for the DSN backward reference is as follows:
DSN=*.stepname.ddname
Example:
//DD1
//
DD
SPACE=(TRK0,(200,20,2)),
DISP=(NEW,PASS),DSN=WEEK1

//DD2 DD DSN=*.STEP1.DD1,DISP=OLD
Consider a payroll job consisting of several steps, all referring to the same data set. The job needs to be
executed each week using a data set that contains the weeks transactions.
This requires that, each week the data set name must be changed in the order WEEK1, WEEK2 and so
on.
By using a DSN backward reference, the data set can be retrieved each week by changing only one DD
statement, DD1.
84
VOL Backward Reference:

The VOL backward reference is useful when you want to create a new data set on the same volume on
which an existing data set resides, but you do not know the volume identification.
A VOL backward reference is a coding technique that points to the volume serial number of an existing
data set.
The general form of the VOL backward reference is shown below:
//ddname DD VOL=REF=dsname
Example:
//STEPA EXEC PGM=PROGA
//DD2
DD DSN=ABC,VOL=SER=123456,
//
DISP=SHR,UNIT=SYSDA
//DD1
DD DSN=XYZ,
//
DISP=(NEW,CATLG),
//
VOL=REF=*.DD2,
In this example the backward reference refers to a specific volume serial number coded on a prior DD
statement.
The data set XYZ will be created on the volume referred to by the DD statement DD2 (volume 123456).
DCB Backward Reference

This coding technique can be used to ensure that the DCB parameters are consistent within the job.
It can also be used to override or add to the subparameters coded on a previous statement.
DCB Backward Reference Overriding
DCB backward reference is a coding technique that allows you to copy a list of attributes from a prior DD
statement in the same or previous job step.
The general form is as follows:
//ddname DD DCB=*.stepname.ddname
The values of the DCB parameters being referredwill be overridden by the values that are being coded.
Any attributes that do not match the DCB being referred will be added
A DCB backward reference can also be used to override or add to the subparameters coded on a previous
statement.
The format for overriding a previous statementis as follows:
DCB=(*.stepname.ddname,list-ofattributes)
85
For example, notice the DCB characteristics in statement DD1 below:

//DD1
DD DCB=(RECFM=F,BLKSIZE=800),
The following override statement:

//DD2
DD DCB=(*.DD1,RECFM=FB,LRECL=80)
would result in these DCB characteristics:

//DD2
DD DCB=(RECFM=FB,
//
86
Storage Dumps
When a program abnormally terminates, storage
dumps are used as a debugging tool to f ind clues
to the cause for abnormal ending.
Storage dumps are not the most effective debugging
tool.
The main drawbacks of storage dumps are:
They are difficult to read since they are printed
in hexadecimal code
Printing storage dumps is time consuming
Notes:
When a program abnormally terminates, the user can often find clues to the reason for the ABEND in the
contents of the computers storage.
These reserved ddnames request storage dumps in the event that a program terminates abnormally:
Special DDnames
SYSUDUMP: Requests a formatted dump of the processing program area. It is most generally
used for debugging problem programs.
SYSABEND: Requests a formatted dump of the processing program area, system programs and
the system control blocks. It is often spooled for printing, although it may be written onto any
output device.
SYSMDUMP: Requests an unformatted dump of the processing program area and the system
nucleus in machine-readable form. It is generally directed to tape (or to direct access storage) to
allow subsequent processing by a dump analysis utility.
87
SMS Considerations
A Storage Management Subsystem (SMS) may be an optional f acility at the installation. When
installed and active, the SMS manages many data sets within the installation.
If the SMS is active, the storage administrator at the installation decides which data sets it manages.
Notes:
For instance, SMS may decide which units and volumes are to be used for newly created data sets, freeing
you from coding UNIT and VOLUME on DD statements.
In general existing JCL continues to perform correctly with SMS installed and activated. SMS provides
the benefit of data class, management class and storage class constructs without necessarily changing
existing JCL.
Installation-defined Automatic Class Selection (ACS) routines can be used to select appropriate
characteristics for data sets, eliminating the necessity of coding some JCL parameters.
The characteristics of SMS include:
SMS can manage:
Physical Sequential (PS) data sets
Partitioned Data Sets (PDS)
Partitioned Data Sets Extended (PDSE)
Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM) data sets
SMS does not manage tape or SYSOUT data sets
SMS supplies default information and simplifies JCL coding for data sets it manages
88
Unit 6
Conditional Processing
Identify the various types of job conditions that an IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF statement

construct can test
Code IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF statement constructs
Correct invalid IF/THEN, ELSE, and ENDIF JCL statements
State reasons why IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF JCL errors occur
State the advantages of using the IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF statement construct instead of
the COND parameter
89
IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF
Syntax for the IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF Statement Construct
//name IF (relational-expression) THEN
//name JCL statement(s) to be executed when relational-expression is true
//name ELSE
//name JCL statement(s) to be executed when relational-expression is false
//name ENDIF
Relational-expression specif ies the condition that is evaluated at execution.
Depending on the values in the expression, the result of the condition is either true or false.
In the example, the statement tests for a return code of less than eight. Hence the relational-expression is RC<8.
//TESTRC IF RC<8 THEN
Relational-Expression
Field
Notes:
What are the characteristics of the IF statement?
The IF statement always precedes a relational-expression and the identifier THEN.
Following the IF statement are all of the JCL statements to be executed when the relational-expression is
true.
If there are none, then the IF statement should be followed immediately by the ELSE statement.
The name field in the IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF statement construct is optional but if specified it must
follow the coding rules for names in JCL statements.
The IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF statement construct can be coded anywhere in the job after the JOB
statement
Even though the name field is optional, if one is coded then it must follow the normal coding rules for
names in JCL statements, such as:
The name must begin in position 3. If you do not code a name then leave the position blank
The name must be unique within the job
The first character of the name has to be alphabetical or national and it cannot be a number
The remaining characters can be alphanumeric or national
The name field must be followed by at least one space
90
What is the Operation Field?

The operation field contains the operators IF, ELSE, or ENDIF.
ELSE statement
Following the ELSE statement are all the JCL statements to be executed when the relational-expression is
false. If there are none, then the ELSE statement can be omitted.
The ELSE statement has no parameters. Anything following the ELSE operator is considered a comment.
ENDIF statement
The required ENDIF statement signifies the end of the IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF statement construct.
There must be at least one EXEC statement following either the IF statement or the ELSE statement.
Anything coded after the ENDIF statement is considered a comment by the operating system.
THEN clause
The THEN clause in an IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF statement construct contains the JCL statements that
exist between the IF/THEN statement and either:
A corresponding ELSE statement (if one is specified) or A corresponding ENDIF statement
The purpose of the THEN clause is to provide a route of execution if the condition specified in the
IFstatement tests true. If no JCL statements are specified, then the THEN clause becomes a null THEN
clause.
Relation Expression
A relational-expression can consist of any of the following, alone or in combination:
Comparison operators
Logical operators
NOT operators
Also the relational-expression can be enclosed in parentheses

Relational-expressions can be continued on more than one line.
To continue the expression, break the expression a valid blank space and continue on the next line using
columns 4 through 16. Example:
//TESTRC
IF (ABEND | RC<8 | // RC=16) THEN
There must be at least one space between the IF operator and relational-expression field and similarly one
space between the expression and the THEN operator.
91
Comparison Operators
Comparison operators compare a relational-expression key word to a numeric v alue. The result of the
comparison is either true or false.
Oper ator
Meaning
GT or >
Greater than
GE or >=
NG or >
Not greater than
EQ or =
Equal to
NE or =
Not equal to
LT or <
Less than
LE or <=
NL or <
Not less than
//TESTIT IF (RC=8) THEN
Spaces are
not required
//TESTIT IF RC EQ 8 THEN
Spaces are
required
Notes:
The use of parentheses in the relational-expression is optional, but it is useful when coding combinations
of expressions.
The comparison operators are either alphabetic or arithmetic
In the example, the statement tests if a return code is equal to 8.
The relational-expression (RC=8) must be both preceded and followed by at least one space.
No spaces are required before or after an arithmetic operator, such as = or >.
At least one space is required both before and after alphabetic comparison operators, such as EQ or GT
92
Logical Operators - AND, OR and NOT
The AND (&) operator returns a value only if both relational-expressions are true.
The OR (|) operator returns a true value if either of the relational-expression is true.
The NOT () operator reverses the testing of a relational-expression. The system evaluates the NOT
operator before any comparisons or logical operators.
For example, to test if a return code is between 8 and 24:

//TEST1 IF (RC>8 & RC<24) THEN
For example, to test if a return code is either equal to 8 or 16:

//TEST2 IF (RC=8 | RC=16) THEN
For example, to test if a return code is not equal to 12:

//TEST3 IF (RC=12) THEN
Notes:
The logical operators include:
AND (&)
OR
NOT ()
(|)
The operators AND and OR must be preceded and followed by at least one space.
93
Relational - Expression Ke ywords

Relational-expression keywords are used to test a return code, abend condition or abend completion
code, or to test if a step began executing. The relational-expression key words are:
RC
ABEND
ABEND
ABENDCC
RUN
RUN
Preceding the key word with a step name relates the expression to a specific job step.
Syntax: stepname.keyword
Notes:
Preceding the keyword with both a step name and procedure step name relates the expression to a specific
procedure step.
94
Relational - Expression Ke ywords RC
RC represents the highest return code received from a prev ious job step.
//TESTRC IF (RC>4) THEN

//TESTRC IF (COMPILE.RC>4) THEN
//TESTRC IF COMPILE.PROG1.RC>4 THEN
Notes:
In the example, the first statement checks if the previous job step had a return code greater than 4.
The second statement tests if a prior job step named COMPILE produced a return code greater than 4.
The third one checks if a specific procedure, PROG1 in the job step COMPILE, produced a return code
greater than 4.
95
Expression Ke ywords ABEND and ABEND

The keyword ABEND tests for abnormal termination from any previous job step. Syntax used f or ABEND:
//name IF ABEND THEN

or
//name IF ABEND = TRUE THEN
//TEST IF ABEND THEN

//TEST IF TEST1.ABEND = TRUE THEN
The keyword ABEND will test to ensure an abnormal termination did not occur in any of the
prev ious steps. The syntax is:
//name IF ABEND THEN
or
//name IF ABEND = FALSE THEN
//TEST IF ABEND THEN

//TEST IF TEST1.ABEND = FALSE THEN
Notes:
Keywords ABEND To check a specific job step for abnormal termination.
stepname.ABEND
or
stepname.ABEND = TRUE
Both formats can be preceded with a step name or procedure step name to check specific job steps or
procedure steps for abnormal termination.
Keywords ABEND To check that a specific step did not result in an abnormal termination
stepname.ABEND
or
stepname.ABEND = FALSE
To check that a specific procedure step did not result in an abnormal termination
stepname.procstepname.ABEND
or
stepname.procstepname.ABEND = FALSE
Both formats can be preceded with a step name or procedure step name to ensure that abnormal
termination did not occur in specific job steps or procedure steps
96
Relational - Expression Ke ywords ABENDCC

The relational-expression keyword ABENDCC tests f or a specific system abend completion code or user
def ined abend completion code from any previous job step.
ABENDCC = Sxxx
ABENDCC = Uxxxx
Example
//TST4ABND IF ABENDCC = S0C1
THEN
//TST4ABND IF RUNPGM.ABENDCC = U0100
THEN
Notes:
The character S in the first expression indicates an abnormal system completion code, and the xxx
represents the three digit hexadecimal abend code.
The U in the second expression indicates an abnormal user-defined completion code, and the xxxx
represents the four digit hexadecimal abend code.
To test the abend code from a specific step
stepname.ABENDCC = Sxxx
stepname.ABENDCC = Uxxxx
To test the abend code from a specific procedure step
stepname.procstepname.ABENDCC = Sxxx
stepname.procstepname.ABENDCC = Uxxxx
Both formats can be preceded with a step name or procedure step name to test the abend code from
specific job steps or procedure steps.
In the example, The first statement tests for an abnormal system completion code of 0C1 in the previous
job step.
The second statement tests for an abnormal user-defined completion code of U0100 in a prior job step
named RUNPGM in the previous job step.
97
Relational - Expression Ke ywords RUN and RUN

The keyword RUN tests to make sure that a specific job step or procedure step has been
executed. Syntax:
//name IF stepname.RUN THEN

or
//name IF stepname.RUN = TRUE THEN
The keyword RUN tests to see if a specific job step or procedure step failed to execute. Syntax:
//name IF stepname.RUN THEN

or
//name IF stepname.RUN = FALSE THEN
//JOB1
//COMPILE
JOB 777,SMITH
EXEC PGM=COMPILE
//LINK
//TST4RUN
EXEC PGM=LINK
IF LINK.RUN THEN
//TEST
EXEC PGM=RECOVER
Notes:
A step name or both step name and procedure step name must precede the RUN or RUN keywords.
To test if a specific procedure step has been executed
//name IF stepname.procstepname.RUN THEN
To test if a specific procedure step failed to execute
//name IF stepname.procstepname.RUN THEN
In the example, the RUN keyword tests if a step called LINK did not execute:
98
IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF - Examples
To illustrate the working of the THEN clause consider the following JCL code:
//TESTRC
IF (RC>=8) THEN
//ERROR
// ENDIF
EXEC PGM=DELFILES
//STEP2
EXEC PGM=IEBCOPY
To illustrate the working of the ELSE clause consider the f ollowing JCL code:
//TESTRUN
//GOOD
// ELSE
//ERROR
// ENDIF
//STEP2
IF STEP1.RUN THEN
EXEC PGM=CREATE
EXEC PGM=DELFILES
EXEC PGM=COMPRESS
Notes:
Example 1.
The THEN clause contains one JCL statement named ERROR. The program DELFILES, specified in the
ERROR EXEC statement, will not execute unless the return code from any previous step is greater than
or equal to 8.
Irrespective of the value of the return code, the program IEBCOPY specified in STEP2 will run as it is
not part of the IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF statement construct.
Example 2.
The THEN clause contains one JCL statement named GOOD. The Program CREATE, specified in the
GOOD EXEC statement, will not be executed unless STEP1 has been executed successfully.
If STEP1 failed to execute, then a program DELFILES (specified in the statement named ERROR) will
be executed as it is contained under the ELSE clause.
Irrespective of whether STEP1 was executed successfully or not, the program COMPRESS specified in
STEP2 will run as if it is not part of the IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF statement construct.
99
Nesting Conditional Constructs

In a nested conditional construct the THEN clause or the ELSE clause (or both) will contain an
additional IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF construct.
Each additional construct will have its own corresponding IF/THEN,ELSE and ENDIF statements.
The IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF statement construct can be nested up to 15 levels.
//COMPPGM
//CHKCOMP
//LNKPGM
//CHKLKED
//DELPGM
// ELSE
//RUNPGM
// ENDIF
// ENDIF
//COMPLIB
EXEC PGM=COMPILE
IF (COMPPGM.RC<=4) THEN
EXEC PGM=LINK
IF (LNKPGM.RC>4) THEN
EXEC PGM=DELETE
EXEC PGM=MYPROG
EXEC PGM=COMPRESS
Notes:
The example shows a nested conditional construct where the value of return code of a program
determines the next step.
In the outer IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF construct, the CHKCOMP statement checks to see if the return code
from the step named COMPPGM is less than or equal to 4.
If the COMPPGM return code is less or equal to 4, then the LNKPGM step runs.
Next the inner IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF construct is invoked, if the return code from LNKPGM step is
greater than 4, the DELETE program (in the DELPGM step) executes.
If the return code from LNKPGM is less than or equal to 4, step RUNPGM will be run.
Step COMPLIB will be executed regardless of any conditional testing.
100
The COND Parameter vs. Conditional Processing

What is the advantage of using Conditional Processing over using the COND parameter?
Both the IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF statement construct and the COND parameter are used to conditionally
control the execution of job steps.
It is always recommended to use the IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF statement construct f or conditional testing as it is
easier to read and understand compared to the COND parameter.
//JOB1
//STEP1
//STEP2
JOB 777,SMITH
EXEC PGM=PRG1
EXEC PGM=PRG2
//TST1 IF (RC<5) THEN

//STEP3
EXEC PGM=PRG3
//STEP4
EXEC PGM=PRG4,COND=(1,NE)
//
ENDIF
Notes:
101
Unit 7
Procedures
Define the terms procedure, cataloged procedure and in-stream procedure

Specify where a procedure can be located
Code a statement to invoke a procedure
Invoke a procedure, making temporary alterations to it if necessary
Add, override or nullify parameters on procedure step EXEC statements
Add, override or nullify parameters on procedure step DD statements
Understand the purpose and form of symbolic parameters in a procedure definition
Assign values to symbolic parameters at the time of invoking a procedure
102
Procedures
A procedure is a pre-coded set of JCL statements (may consist of one or more job steps) with a unique name.
JCL statements that are used by several users or used repeatedly are placed in a procedure. Use of
procedures not only saves time but also avoids errors.
Exam ple :
//PROCA
//PSTEP1
//DDIN
//DDOUT
//PSTEP2
//DD1
//DD2
//
PROC
EXEC
DD
DD
EXEC
DD
DD
PEND
PGM=MYPROG
DSN=INDATA,DISP=SHR
SYSOUT=A
PGM=PROG1
DSN=DATA1,DISP=SHR
SYSOUT=A
Notes:
A procedure may consist of one or more job steps.
When the system encounters the above EXEC statement in a job stream, it locates the definition of
PROCA and brings the pre-coded JCL statements into the current JCL and then executes it.
Most installations have pre-coded procedures that enable you to perform compiles, link edits and tests
quickly and easily.
To use pre-coded procedures, the code must contain the following statements:
A single EXEC statement that invokes the procedure
A DD statement to identify the source program in case of compiles
DD statements for the test data
Advantages of using a procedure are:
Procedures can greatly simplify JCL
Procedures help in maintaining complex or lengthy JCL
Procedures help you to standardize data set and program usage
In the example shown, the name of the procedure (PROCA) is the name on the EXEC statement.
The COMMENT statement (/ /*) can also be included at any appropriate place to aid in documenting the
procedure.
103
Cataloged Procedure
Cataloged Procedure: are stored as members of a partitioned data set that is used as a
procedure lib rary . When a cataloged procedure is used, its JCL is taken f rom the def ault procedure
library , or a user-specif ied procedure library :
//[name] JCLLIB ORDER=(library[,library]...)

//EXAMPLE
JOB
//MYLIBS
JCLLIB ORDER=MYLIB.PROCS
//PSTEP1 EXEC PROC=MYPROC
MY LIB.PROCS
MYPROC
In-Stream Procedures: are placed along with the job in the input stream
//MYJOB
//PROCA
//PSTEP1
//DDIN
//DDOUT
//
//STEP2
JOB ,ROSE
PROC
EXEC PGM=MYPROG
DD
DSN=INDATA,DISP=SHR
DD
SYSOUT=A
PEND
EXEC PROCA
This defines the procedure
This executes the procedure
Notes:
A procedure is referred to as either a cataloged procedure or an in-stream procedure depending upon
where it is defined.
What are cataloged procedures?
Cataloged procedures are stored as members of a partitioned data set that is used as a procedure library.
When a cataloged procedure is used, its JCL is taken from the default procedure library, or a userspecifiedprocedure library.
It is not necessary to code a DD statement to identify the library in which the procedure resides since the
system keeps track of the PDS used as procedure library.
Cataloging
Once an in-stream procedure is tested, it can be cataloged for general use. Cataloging means storing it in a
procedure library (PDS) using a utility program.
Once an in-stream procedure has been cataloged, the EXEC statement that invokes this procedure refers
to it by its member name in the procedure library.
104
Invoking a Procedure
To invoke the procedure PROCA the following statement can be used:
//JSTEP1
EXEC PROC=PROCA
In another way of invoking a procedure, the programmer can omit PROC= in the EXEC statement. In this
format only procedure name is given.
In the example considered, the procedure PROCA can also be invoked in the following way:
//JSTEP1
EXEC PROCA
To invoke a procedure the keyword parameter PROC= can be used before the procedure name or it can be
omitted.
However, to invoke a program, the keyword parameter PGM= must be used before the program name.
When a cataloged procedure is used, its JCL is taken from the default procedure library, or a userspecified procedure library. You can specify other procedure libraries with the JCLLIB statement:
//[name] JCLLIB ORDER=(library[,library]...)
In-Stream Procedures
In-stream procedures are identical to cataloged procedures, except that they are placed along with the job
in the input stream. When the procedure is invoked, the JCL in the procedure definition is inserted at the
invocation point in the job stream itself.
If a procedure is just created and has to be tested for errors, an in-stream procedure can be used.
An in-stream procedure can be identified by the statements PROC and PEND
An in-stream procedure definition can be included anywhere within a job stream following the JOB
statement, but it must precede the EXEC statement that invokes the procedure.
Generally, the definitions for an in-stream procedure are placed at the beginning of the job stream.
The following points must be considered while using an in-stream procedure:
The JCL for an in-stream procedure is defined with the job stream itself.
In-stream procedures begin with a PROC statement and are terminated by a PEND statement.
The in-stream procedure is placed following the JOB statement but before the first EXEC
statement.
The JCL of an in-stream procedure is merged into the executable portion of the job when an
EXEC statement invokes the procedure.
When to use an in-stream procedure?

If a procedure is just created and has to be tested for errors, an in-stream procedure can be used.
When to catalog a procedure?
If a thoroughly tested procedure needs to be used by many people, it is cataloged for subsequent
retrieval.A cataloged procedure is easy to retrieve and maintain.
The example shows a job stream that contains an in-stream procedure definition named PROCA.
The JCL between the PROC and PEND statements defines the procedure. The EXEC statement that
refers to the procedure name executes it.
105
Nested Procedure
What is a nested procedure?
PROCA
//PSTEP EXEC PGM=ABC
When procedures are nested, one procedure

inv okes another.
//PSTEP EXEC PROCB
Nested procedure An example
PROCB
//STEP1 EXEC PROCC
There are three procedures:

PROCA
PROCB
PROCC
//STEP2 EXEC PGM=XYZ
//S1 EXEC PGM=KLM
PROCC
//S2 EXEC PGM=RST
In the example on the right, there are three
procedures, PROCA, PROCB, and PROCC.
PROCA inv okes PROCB, and PROCB inv okes
PROCC.
Notes:
106
Coding Changes
Changes can be made to procedure EXEC statement parameters such as TIME, COND, and PARM:
Ov erride
Nullify
Sy ntax:
//JSTEP EXEC
procedurename,
Add
//
parameter.procstepname=value
Ov erriding Statement Parameters - Example

//PSTEP1
//DD1
//DD2
//PSTEP2
//DD3
EXEC
DD
DD
EXEC
PGM=PROG1,TIME=(1,30)
DSN=INTRAN,DISP=SHR
DSN=MASTER,DISP=SHR
PGM=PROG2,TIME=5
DD SYSOUT=A
//JSTEP EXEC TRANSACT,TIME.PSTEP1=3
//PSTEP1
//DD1
//DD2
//PSTEP2
//DD3
EXEC
DD
DD
EXEC
PGM=PROG1,TIME=3
DSN=INTRAN,DISP=SHR
DSN=MASTER,DISP=SHR
PGM=PROG2,TIME=5
DD SYSOUT=A
Notes:
It is possible to use EXEC statement overrides, nullifications, and additions for one or more procedure
steps at the same time. This can be done by combining the changes on the EXEC statement that invokes
the procedure.
A procedure listing helps a programmer to analyze the procedure for its usability. In some cases a
procedure might satisfy all the basic requirements for usability, but might need some minor alterations.
This can be done by changing the EXEC and DD parameters when the procedure is invoked.
However, these alterations are applicable only for one invocation. They do not permanently modify the
procedure definition.
Changes can be made to procedure EXEC statement parameters such as TIME, COND, and PARM.
The programmer can change these parameters in the following ways:
Override the parameters on the procedure EXEC statement
Nullify parameters on the procedure EXEC statement
Add parameters to the procedure EXEC statement
For example, the programmer can change the time restrictions and can also supply the current date for a
particular PSTEP.
The following rules must be followed while sequencing multiple changes:
Specify alterations in procedure step sequence. The alterations for one step must be specified
before the alterations for a subsequent step.
Within any one step, alterations can be specified in any sequence.
Alterations should be separated from each other by a comma.
107
Implementing coding changes to EXEC statements involves the following steps:
Give the name of the EXEC statement parameter to be overridden, nullified or added, followed by
a period.
Give the name of the procedure step, followed by an equal sign.
Give the new value for the parameter if overriding or adding a value. Do not code a value if the
parameter is to be nullified.
In the example (slide), note that the time that PROG1 can run is 1 minute 30 seconds.
Assume that for a particular week, the transaction file to be processed is too large and the time that
PROG1 can run needs to be increased to 3 minutes.
Note the new parameter in the resulting JCL.However, this override is only temporary. Theprocedure
definition does not change. The next time the procedure is invoked, it will revert to the original definition.
108
Nullifying EXEC Statement Parameters

A procedure can be modif ied by nullifying an EXEC statement parameter. The format for nullifying an EXEC
statement parameter is:
//JSTEP EXEC procedurename,
//
parameter.procstepname=
//PSTEP1
//DD1
//DD2
//PSTEP2
//DD3
EXEC
DD
DD
EXEC
DSN=INTRAN,DISP=SHR
DSN=MASTER,DISP=SHR
PGM=PROG2,TIME=5
DD SYSOUT=A
//JSTEP1 EXEC TRANSACT,TIME.PSTEP1=

//PSTEP1
//DD1
//DD2
//PSTEP2
//DD3
EXEC
DD
DD
EXEC
DD
PGM=PROG1
DSN=INTRAN,DISP=SHR
DSN=MASTER,DISP=SHR
PGM=PROG2,TIME=5
SYSOUT=A
Notes:
Most installations have values that are assigned to EXEC statement parameters automatically. For
example, a default value may be assigned for the TIME parameter.
The default values may be overridden when the procedure is defined. To return to the installations
default value, the programmer can code a statement that nullifies the parameter.
In the example, the procedure definition for PROG1 (in the procedure step PSTEP1) has specified a CPU
time of 1 minute 30 seconds for processing a transaction file. This processing time may not be adequate
for a larger file.
If the default time is adequate, the programmer might want to execute the procedure taking the system
default time for PROG1.
To do this, the programmer needs to nullify the TIME specified in the procedure definition on the
PSTEP1 EXEC statement.
The following EXEC statement which invokes procedure would nullify the time parameter:
//JSTEP1 EXEC TRANSACT,TIME.PSTEP1=
The resulting JCL is shown on the right.
109
Adding Parameters to a Procedure

Addition statements are used to add parameters to a procedure. The programmer can code additions on the
EXEC statement that invokes the procedure.
//PSTEP1
//DD1
//DD2
//PSTEP2
//DD3
EXEC
DD
DD
EXEC
DD
DSN=INTRAN,DISP=SHR
DSN=MASTER,DISP=SHR
PGM=PROG2,TIME=5
SYSOUT=A
//JSTEP EXEC TRANSACT, PARM.PSTEP1=01/29/91,PARM.PSTEP2=01/29/91
//PSTEP1
//DD1
//DD2
//PSTEP2
//DD3
EXEC
DD
DD
EXEC
DD
PGM=PROG1,TIME=(1,30),PARM=01/29/91
DSN=INTRAN,DISP=SHR
DSN=MASTER,DISP=SHR
PGM=PROG2,TIME=5,PARM=01/29/91
SYSOUT=A
Notes:
Parameters can be added to one or more procedure steps.
A comma separates the name of the procedure from the first parameter addition, and the parameter
additions from each other.
110
Sequencing Multiple Changes Example

Consider the TRANSACT procedure.
The f ollowing alterations are to be made to the
EXEC statement operands in the procedure:
Increase the time restriction for PSTEP1 to 3

minutes
Revert to the installation-def ined TIME def ault

for PSTEP2
Add a PARM parameter value of 01/29/99 f or

the EXEC statements in PSTEP1 and
PSTEP2
//JSTEP EXEC TRANSACT,TIME.PSTEP1=3,

//
PARM.PSTEP1=01/29/99,
//
TIME.PSTEP2=,
//
PARM.PSTEP2=01/29/99
The JCL statements on the right show how to

combine these alterations on the EXEC statement
that invokes the procedure.
Notes:
111
Changing the DD State ment Parameters

If the specif ications are not what are needed for a job, changes to the DD statement parameters can be
made at the time of procedure execution.
Some of the changes to the DD statement parameters that can be accomplished at the time of
execution include:
Change a data set name or its storage location

Nullifying some of the specif ied parameters that are not applicable to the data set to be used
Add needed parameters that are not specified
The general form for changing DD statement parameters is as follows:
//procstepname.ddname DD parameter=value
Notes:
To change the DD statement parameter when invoking a procedure, the DD statement must be coded
immediately following the EXEC statement.
The DD statement has a two-part name. It consists of the name of the procedure step in which the DD
statement to be changed occurs, followed by a period and the name of the DD statement in the procedure
step.
The parameter to be changed, added or nullified is specified after the keyword DD, followed by an equal
sign and the value of the parameter.
Any number of override and addition DD statements can be coded to invoke a procedure.
The rules for coding multiple parameters are:
Code the EXEC statement to invoke the procedure
Code the override statements (if any) for a step in the same ddname sequence as in the procedure
definition
Code addition DD statements (if any) for that step, following the override statements
Within each procedure step, the override statements must be coded in ddname sequence
To facilitate override sequencing some installation require that DD statements in procedure steps be in
alphabetical order by ddname
112
Overriding DD Statement Parameters

When the DD statement parameters that already exist in the procedure def inition are not what you
want for a particular job execution, you can code an ov erride DD statement.
To ov erride the DD statement parameters, the existing DD statement parameters in the procedure
step need to be explicitly changed or nullified or a mutually exclusive parameter must be coded.
Procedure TRANSACT
//PSTEP1
//DD1
//DD2
//DD3
//PSTEP2
//DD5
EXEC
DD
DD
DD
EXEC
DD
PGM=PROG1,TIME(1,30)
DSN=INTRAN,DISP=SHR
DSN=MASTER,DISP=SHR
SYSOUT=A
PGM=PROG2,TIME=5
DSN=MASTER,DISP=SHR
//STEP
EXEC TRANSACT
//PSTEP1.DD1 DD
DSN=NEWTRAN,
//
UNIT=3390,
//
VOL=SER=12345
//PSTEP1
//DD1
//
//DD2
//DD3
//PSTEP2
//DD5
EXEC PGM=PROG1,TIME(1,30)
DD
DSN=NEWTRAN,DISP=SHR,
UNIT=3390,VOL=SER=12345
DD
DSN=MASTER,DISP=SHR
DD
SYSOUT=A
EXEC PGM=PROG2,TIME=5
DD
DSN=MASTER,DISP=SHR
Notes:
When coding an override DD statement, the following considerations must be kept in mind:
Code the override DD statement immediately following the EXEC statement used to invoke the
procedure
Supply a name for the override DD statement consisting of the name of the procedure step in
which the DD statement to be overridden occurs, followed by a period and the name of the DD
statement in the procedure step
Specify on the DD statement (in any sequence) the keyword parameters whose values are to be
changed or nullified, separated by commas
The code alongside shows the TRANSACT procedure definition.

The DD statement parameter that is to overridden is highlighted.
The code alongside shows the EXEC statement used to invoke the TRANSACT procedure.
The override DD statement is coded immediately after the EXEC statement, specifying the procedure step
containing the DD statement and name of the DD statement in the procedure, the new data sets name,
and its location.
The code shows the resulting JCL statement.
The data set to be used during execution has been changed to NEWTRAN.
In this example, you will see that the parameter DISP=SHR, specified for DD1 in the procedure
definition, is retained.
Example (slide):
In the TRANSACT procedure, the input transactions are specified in a data set named INTRAN.
A particular weeks input transactions reside in a data set named NEWTRAN.
113
NEWTRAN is an uncataloged data set that resides on a 3390 direct access volume whose volume
identifier is 12345.
In order to use the existing TRANSACT procedure to process that weeks transactions a DD override
statement that identifies NEWTRAN, rather than INTRAN, as the name of the transaction data set must
be coded.
The override DD statement is as follows:
//PSTEP1.DD1 DD DSN=NEWTRAN,
//
UNIT=3390,
//
VOL=SER=12345
114
Nullifying a DD State ment Parameter

To return the value of a DD statement parameter to the system def ault, the parameter must be nullif ied.
To nullify a DD statement parameter, you give the name of the parameter followed by the equal sign:
//procstepname.ddname
DD
parameter=
Procedure TRANSACT
//PSTEP1
//DD1
//DD2
//
//DD3
//PSTEP2
//DD5
EXEC PGM=PROG1,TIME(1,30)
DD
DSN=NEWTRAN,DISP=SHR
DD
DSN=MASTER,DISP=SHR,
DD
SYSOUT=A
DD
DSN=MEWTRAN,DISP=SHR
//STEP
EXEC TRANSACT
//PSTEP1.DD2 DD
UNIT=,VOL=SER=
//PSTEP1
//DD1
//DD2
//DD3
//PSTEP2
//DD5
EXEC
DD
DD
DD
EXEC
DD
DSN=INTRAN,DISP=SHR
DSN=MASTER,DISP=SHR
SYSOUT=A
PGM=PROG2,TIME=5
MASTER,DISP=SHR
Notes:
In this example assume the TRANSACT procedure definition identifies data set MASTER as an
uncataloged data set residing on a 3480 tape volume with a volume identifier of 987762.
For a particular week, a previous version of MASTER (whose location is recorded in the system catalog)
is required during the execution of TRANSACT.
An override DD statement to nullify the UNIT and VOL=SER parameters and referring to the
uncataloged MASTER data set would be coded as follows:
//procstepname.ddanme DD
// UNIT=,VOL=SER=
115
Nullifying the DSN parameter (DUMMY or DSN=NULLFILE)

If a procedure is to be executed without using a data set specified on a procedure step DD statement, a
dummy status can be assigned to the data set.
//procstepname.ddname DD DUMMY
or
//procstepname.ddname DD DSN=NULLFILE
Procedure TRANSACT
//PSTEP1 EXEC PGM=PROG1,TIME(1,30)
//DD1
DD
DSN=INTRAN,DISP=SHR
DSN=MASTER,DISP=SHR,
//DD2
DD
//
//DD3
DD
SYSOUT=A
//PSTEP2 EXEC PGM=PROG2,TIME=5
//DD5
DD
DSN=&&VALID,
//
DISP=(OLD,DELETE)
//STEP
EXEC TRANS ACT
//PSTEP1.DD2 DD
DUMMY
//PSTEP1
//DD1
//DD2
//DD3
//PSTEP2
//DD5
//
EXEC
DD
DD
DD
EXEC
DD
DSN=INTRAN,DISP=SHR
DUMMY
SYSOUT=A
PGM=PROG2,TIME=5
DSN=&&VALID,
DISP=(OLD,DELETE)
Notes:
When DUMMY or DSN=NULLFILE is coded on an override DD statement, it nullifies all parameters
specified on the corresponding DD statement in the procedure definition except the DCB parameter.
In the example, the override DD statement nullifies the DSN parameter and any other parameters
associated with that data set. During execution of the procedure, the system will not consider the data set
that was designated by DD2. It will pass on to DD3 after DD1.
116
Addition DD Statements
If a required data set is not found in the procedure definition then an additional DD statement can be
coded along with the invocation of the procedure.
Procedure TRANSACT
//PSTEP1
//
//DD1
//PSTEP2
//DD3
EXEC PGM=PROG1,TIME(1,30),
PARM=NOCHECK
DD
DSN=INTRAN,DISP=SHR
DD
SYSOUT=A
//JSTEP
EXEC TRANSACT,
//
PARM.PSTEP1=CHECK
//PSETP1.DD2 DD
DSN=MASTER,
//
DISP=SHR
//PSTEP1
//
//DD1
//DD2
//PSTEP2
//DD3
EXEC PGM=PROG1,TIME(1,30),
PARM=CHECK
DD
DSN=INTRAN,DISP=SHR
DD
DSN=MASTER,DISP=SHR
DD
SYSOUT=A
Notes:
In the example, the TRANSACT procedure is used to process customer orders.
Every quarter the transaction input file (data set INTRAN) has to be checked against the master customer
list (data set MASTER) to ensure that each transaction has valid customer.
During the routine weekly execution the check is not made, and data set MASTER is not used.
To execute the procedure routinely every week without making the check, you would code the following
EXEC statement to invoke the procedure:
//JSTEP EXEC TRANSACT
For the quarterly execution the transaction input file has to be checked against the master customer list.
To perform the required quarterly check, two statements are required to invoke the procedure:
An EXEC statement override that includes a PARM parameter value of CHECK to override the
value of NOCHECK
An addition DD statement to identify data set MASTER that PROG1 needs to access to perform
the check
117
Overriding the DCB Parameter Example

This is a DD statement in a procedure step called PSTEP1:
//DD1 DD DSN=MYDSET,DISP=SHR,DCB=(BLKSIZE=800,RECFM=FB)
//PSTEP1.DD1 DD DCB=(BLKSIZE=320)
//DD1 DD DSN=MYDSET,DISP=SHR,DCB=(BLKSIZE=320,RECFM=FB)
Nullifying the DCB Parameter Example
This is a DD statement in a procedure called PSTEP1:
//DD3 DD DSN=MYDSET,DISP=SHR,DCB=(RECFM=FB,BLKSIZE=160,LRECL=80)
In order to nullify the entire DCB parameter of the DD statement, each DCB keyword subparameter
specif iedin the procedure definition must be nullif ied as shown below:
//PSTEP1.DD3 DD DCB=(RECFM=,BLKSIZE=,LRECL=)
Notes:
Some special rules apply when overriding or nullifying the DCB parameter.
Code only those DCB keyword subparameters whose values need to be changed. DCB keyword
subparameters which are not coded remain unchanged.
Code any required DCB positional subparameters regardless of whether or not they are specified on the
DD statement in the procedure definition.
To nullify an existing DCB positional sub parameter simply omit it from the DCB parameter given in the
override DD statement.
To nullify the DCB parameter completely, omit all existing positional subparameters and explicitly
nullify each existing keyword subparameter.
Positional subparameters (such as DSN) are essential to the system. These must be coded, even if they are
specified in the procedure definition.
Keyword subparameters (such as BLKSIZE) supply additional information to the operating system. If
they are specified in the procedure definition, then code only those that are to be changed.
In the example, if the block size and buffer length needs to be changed to 320 at the time of execution,
then the following override DD statement needs to be coded:
//PSTEP1.DD1
DD DCB=(BLKSIZE=320)
The values of the DSN and DISP parameters and RECFM subparameters remain unchanged.
118
Sequencing Multiple Parameters An Example

Procedure TRANSACT:
//PSTEP1 EXEC PGM=PROG1,TIME(1,30),
//
PARM=NOCHECK
//DD1 DD DSN=INTRAN,DISP=SHR
//DD3
DD SYSOUT=A
//DD4 DD DSN=&&VALID,
//
DISP=(NEW,PASS),
//
UNIT=SYSDA,
//
SPACE=(TRK,(1,1))
//PSTEP2 EXEC PGM=PROG2,TIME=5

//DD5 DD DSN=&&VALID,
//
DISP=(OLD,DELETE)
//DD6
DD SYSOUT=A
//JSTEP
EXEC TRANSACT,
//
PARM.PSTEP1=CHECK
//PSTEP1.DD1 DD DSN=MYDATA
//PSTEP1.DD2 DD DSN=CKDATA,
//
DISP=SHR
//PSTEP2.DD6 DD DSN=INVOICE,
//
DISP=(NEW,CATLG),
//
UNIT=3390,
//
VOL=SER=6929L,
//
SPACE=(TRK,10)
In the example, the following changes need to be made:
PROG1 obtains its input transactions from a cataloged data set named MYDATA, instead
of from INTRAN.
PROG1 checks the contents of MYDATA against the contents of a second cataloged data
set named CKDATA. The PARM value of NOCHECK needs to be overridden with the
value CHECK, and a DD statement named DD2 to reference CKDATA has to added.
PROG2 writes its output (using ddname DD6) to a data set named INVOICE on a 3390
volume with volume identifier 6929L. The data set requires 10 tracks of space and should
be cataloged.
119
Shorthand form of coding multiple override and addition DD statements can be used in the procedure step
sequence.
To code the shorthand form:
Follow the general form for the first override or addition statement
For subsequent override or addition statements in that procedure step use
//ddname DD ...
120
Symbolic Parameters
Are preceded by an ampersand (&)
Consist of up to seven alphanumeric (A to Z, 0 to 9) or national (#,@,$)
characters, beginning with an alphabetic or national character
Can represent EXEC statement or DD statement parameters
Assigning Values to EXEC Statement Param eters

When executing TRANSACT, a value would be assigned to the symbolic parameter on the
EXEC statement that invokes TRANSACT.
The following statement assigns the value GRP50 to the &DEPT symbolic parameter:
//JSTEP
//
EXEC TRANSACT,
DEPT=GRP50
//TRANSACT PROC
//PSTEP1 EXEC PGM=PROG1,PARM=&DEPT
//DD1
DD
DSN=INTRAN,DISP=SHR
//DD2
DD
DSN=MASTER,DISP=SHR
Notes:
Symbolic parameters are preceded by a single ampersand, whereas temporary data set names are preceded
by two ampersands.
In the example, a symbolic parameter to represent an EXEC statement parameter is shown on the right.
Here the TRANSACT procedure is defined with a symbolic PARM parameter (&DEPT) for PROG1
(in PSTEP1) and PROG2 (in PSTEP2).
PARM=&DEPT
In this way, several different departments in the company can easily use the TRANSACT procedure.
Each department will simply provide its department number, for accounting purposes, when the
procedure is used.
The rules for assigning values to or nullifying DD statement parameters are:
Separate the value assignments or nullifications from parameters and from each other using comas.
Specify the symbolic parameter without the preceding ampersand, followed by an equal sign and value.
To nullify a symbolic parameter specify the symbolic parameter without the preceding ampersand,
followed by an equal sign. The value for the symbolic parameter should not be coded.
Symbolic parameters can be nullified or assigned values in any sequence.
An appropriate value that represents a data set name must be assigned to the symbolic parameter
If the symbolic parameter is not assigned a value, the system considers the symbolic parameter to be the
name of a temporary data set because it begins with the ampersand character
121
Symbolic Parameters
Different values cannot be assigned to the same symbolic parameter w hen invoking
the procedure.
//PSTEP1
//DD1
//DD2
//PSTEP2
//DD3
EXEC
DD
DD
EXEC
DD
PGM=PROG1,PARM=&DEPT
DSN=INTRAN,DISP=SHR
DSN=MASATER,DISP=SHR
PGM=PROG2,PARM=&DEPT
SYSOUT=A
Assigning Different Values Example

//JSTEP
//
EXEC TRANSACT,DEPT1=GRP50,
DEPT2=GRP100
//PSTEP1
//DD1
//DD2
//PSTEP2
//DD3
EXEC
DD
DD
EXEC
DD
PGM=PROG1,PARM=&DEPT1
DSN=INTRAN,DISP=SHR
PGM=PROG2,PARM=&DEPT2
SYSOUT=A
Notes:
For example, it is not possible to assign GRP50 to &DEPT in PSTEP1 and GRP100 to &DEPT in
PSTEP2 unless one of the following conditions exists:
A different symbolic parameter represents each occurrence of the parameter
An EXEC or DD statement override or addition statement is used when invoking the procedure
Assigning Different Values Example 1:

Values can be assigned to the symbolic parameters in any order
While invoking the procedure, the symbolic parameter &DEPT1 is assigned a value of GRP50, &DEPT2
a value of GRP100.
To illustrate the first condition, assume the TRANSACT procedure has been created to allow for two
different values for the EXEC statement PARM parameters, as follows:
//PSTEP1 EXEC PGM=PROG1,PARM=&DEPT1
...
//PSTEP2 EXEC PGM=PROG2,PARM=&DEPT2
In the example, the TRANSACT procedure has been invoked with the values GRP50 and GRP100 for
PSTEP1 and PSTEP2 respectively.
//JSTEP EXEC TRANSACT,DEPT1=GRP50,
//
DEPT2=GRP100
122
Assigning Different Values Example 2

Here the procedure has been created without symbolic parameters:
//PSTEP1 EXEC PGM=PROG1
...
//PSTEP2 EXEC PGM=PROG2
At the time of invoking the procedure, an addition statement as shown on the right can be coded to assign
an PARM value of GRP50 for PSTEP1 and GRP100 for PSTEP2.
//JSTEP EXEC TRANSACT,
//
PARM.PSTEP1=GRP50,
//
PARM.PSTEP2=GRP100
123
Symbolic PGM Parameters

The PGM parameter is the only EXEC statement parameter that cannot be modified with an
override statement when a procedure is executed.
If a symbolic parameter is specified in the procedure definition, an appropriate value can be
assigned when invoking the procedure.
//PSTEP1
//DD1
//DD2
//PSTEP2
//DD6
EXEC
DD
DD
EXEC
DD
PGM=&PROG1
DSN=INTRAN,DISP=SHR
DSN=MASTER,DISP=SHR
PGM=&PROG2
SYSOUT=A
Notes:
In the example, the TRANSACT procedure definition with symbolic PGM parameters for the PSTEP1
and PSTEP2 EXEC statements is shown.
The statements used to invoke the procedure and execute programs TEST1 and TEST2 would be:
//JSTEP EXEC TRANSACT,PROG1=TEST1,
//
PROG2=TEST2
The statements used to invoke the procedure and execute programs TEST3 and TEST4 would be:
//JSTEP EXEC TRANSACT,PROG1=TEST3,
//
PROG2=TEST4
124
Recognizing Default Values

At the time symbolic parameters are created, creator of the procedure can also assign default values
to the
parameters. The characteristics of default values are:
They are specif ied in the parameter field of the PROC statement
They do not have a preceding ampersand
In the case of multiple symbolic parameters, they are separated by a comma
They can be assigned in any sequence
//TRANSACT
//PSTEP1
//
//DD1
//DD2
//PSTEP2
//DD3
PROC DEPT=G300,PROG=PROG2
EXEC PGM=PROG1,
PARM=&DEPT
DD
DSN=&WEEK,DISP=SHR
DD
DSN=MASTER,DISP=SHR
EXEC PGM=&PROG,ACCT=&DEPT
DD
SYSOUT=A
Notes:
In the example, the PROC statement assigns the default value G300 to &DEPT and the default value
PROG2 to &PROG.
This would be useful if members of the same department (G300) were the primary users of the procedure
and the program executed in step PSTEP2 was usually PROG2.
125
Nullifying Default Values

A v alue for a symbolic parameter should be assigned (or nullified) only if:
The default values specified in the PROC statement is not appropriate for that particular
execution of the procedure
No def ault value is specified for the symbolic parameter on the PROC statement in the
procedure
//TRANSACT PROC
//PSTEP1
EXEC
//
//DD1
DD
//DD2
DD
//DD3
DD
//PSTEP2 EXEC
//DD4
DD
DEPT=G300,PROG=PROG2
PGM=PROG1,
PARM=&DEPT
DSN=&WEEK,DISP=SHR
SYSOUT=A
PGM=&PROG,ACCT=&DEPT
SYSOUT=A\
//JSTEP EXEC TRANSACT,DEPT=,

//
PROG=TESTPRG,
//
WEEK=TSTDATA
Notes:
The rules for overriding or nullifying the default values are:
To override a default value, specify the symbolic parameter without the preceding ampersand,
followed by an equal sign and the appropriate value
To nullify a default value, specify the symbolic parameter without the preceding ampersand,
followed by only an equal sign
The overrides and nullifications for default values can be specified in any sequence
Symbolic parameters can be nullified or assigned values in any sequence.
In the example, the TRANSACT procedure is to be invoked with some input test data (DD1 DD
statement) that resides in a data set named TSTDATA and a test program named TESTPRG for step
PSTEP2.
Because this execution is a test, a department number need not be specified.
Thus, the default values G300 (specified for &DEPT) and PROG2 (specified for &PROG) are not
needed.
Nullifying the &DEPT in this example has same effect as omitting the symbolic parameter from the
procedure definition.
126

Apostila JCL

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Apostila JCL

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

JCL

Job Control Language

Unit I - Introduction to JCL

Defining Job Control Statements

The JOB Statement

The EXEC Statement

Grouping Programs: An Example

Other JCL Statements

JCL Statement Fields

Rules for Naming JCL Statements

Rules for Writing JCL Statements

Operation and Parameters Fields: An example

Continuation statement and Comment Field: An Example

Unit II - Analyzing Job Output

PREFIX, OWNER and SET DISPLAY Commands

Output Data Set panel

JCL Statements Listing: // and XX

Allocation and Termination Messages

JCL error messages : An Example

JCL error messages : An Example

Unit III - Coding JOB Statements

Defining a JOB Statement

Job Accounting Information

Coding Programmer Name

Defining Keyword Parameters

Coding the MSGLEVEL Parameter

The MSGCLASS Parameter

Defaults for MSGLEVEL & MSGCLASS

COND Parameter: Examples

The USER and PASSWORD Parameters

Coding Multiple Keyword Parameters

Unit IV - Coding EXEC Statements

The Step Name

The Positional Parameter

Positional Parameter Coding Errors

The PARM Parameter

The COND Parameter

COND Parameter Examples

The COND Subparameters EVEN & ONLY

Private Program Libraries

Unit V - Coding DD Statements

Using DDNAME in Programs

DD Statement Parameters DSN

DD Statement Parameters DISP

DD Statement Parameters UNIT

DD Statement Parameters VOL

DD Statement Parameters SPACE

DD Statement Parameters DCB

DD Statement Parameters SYSOUT

Dummy Data Sets

Data Set Concatenation

Using Backward Reference

Unit VI - Conditional Processing

Logical Operators- AND, OR and NOT

Relational-Expression Keywords ABEND and ABEND

Relational-Expression Keywords ABENDCC

Relational-Expression Keywords RUN and RUN

Nesting Conditional Constructs

The COND Parameter vs. Conditional Processing

Unit VII - Procedures

Nullifying EXEC Statement Parameters

Adding Parameters to a Procedure

Sequencing Multiple Changes An Example