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ICPE-5 2012

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia


18 Dec. 2012
By
Prof. Dr. Nik Maheran Nik
Muhammad Universiti Malaysia
Kelantan

ICPE-5
2012

Introduction

Motivation for MyBrain15 programme

Doctorate Issues

Strategic Planning of MOHE

MyBrain15 Success Factor research findings

Proposed Strategic Framework/Policy for


Mybrain15 Implementation

ICPE-5
2012

In the new economy, financial capital is no longer at the


forefront. The countrys competitiveness relies heavily on a
critical resource the human capital

9MP aspire to increase the number of Malaysian


doctorate degree holders to achieve world-class
knowledge workers in Malaysia.

Top-class human capital is critical to drive the


nations economic growth, trigger sustainable and
highly competitive economic development and
explore new areas of research that can sustain its
competitive advantage over others;

The strategies aggressive of MYBRAIN15 - aim of


60,000 doctorate degree holders within 15 years

ICPE-5
2012
PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES /

ENROLMENT

ADMISSION

GRADUATE

AREA OF STUDY

2008

2009

2008

2009

2008

2009

ART & SCIENCE SOCIAL

6,300

7,641

1,815

2,080

350

328

SCIENCE

3,650

4,219

1,160

1,192

290

234

TECHNICAL

2,293

2,809

669

878

145

139

TOTAL

12,245

14,669

3,644

4,150

785

701

PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES /
AREA OF STUDY

ENROLMENT

ADMISSION

GRADUATE

2008

2009

2008

2009

2008

2009

ART & SCIENCE SOCIAL

594

1225

169

512

27

26

SCIENCE

516

691

95

202

15

14

TECHNICAL

221

362

39

78

13

1331

2278

303

792

55

49

13,576

16,947

3,947

4,942

840

750

TOTAL
GRAND TOTAL

GRADUATES

2001
ARTS
199
SCIENCE
159
TECHNICAL 128
TOTAL
486

2002
242
136
140
518

2003
279
193
144
616

2004
263
134
51
448

2005
310
207
64
581

2006 2007 2008 2009


276 295 350 328
284 305 290 234
72
102 145 139
632 702 785 701

ICPE-5
2012

Total

doctorates

Malaysias total of 5,992 doctorates compared to


Korea, which has the highest number of S&T
doctorates of about 52,595 (ISI web knowledge, 2007)
Total S&T Doctorates Benchmark
60000

7853

No of
doctorates

50000
40000
30000

44742
6039

20000
11517

10000
0
S. Korea

Taiwan

Private

7463
479

709

5513

1803

8658

Finland Malaysia Singapore

Public

2. Patents
Each Malaysian doctorate generates only 0.0164
patent as compared to 0.43 of the Taiwans
Patents per S&T doctorates
Productivity (patents/no
of
doctorates)

0.5000

0.4267

0.4000
0.3000
0.2000

0.2341
0.1381
0.0592

0.1000

0.0164

0.0000
Taiwan Singapore S. Korea

Finland

Malaysia

3. Publications
Ex: Each Singapore doctorate generates 1.437
publications compared to Malaysias 0.0166.
S&T publications per S&T doctorates
1.437

1.500
productivity
(publications/no of
doctorate
s)

1.000

0.618
0.312

0.500

0.298

0.166

0.000
Singapore

Taiwan

Korea

Finland

Malaysia

Secondary School Output and Tertiary Education

only 32% of secondary school leavers in Malaysia


enter tertiary education.
120,222
All Secondary School
***Enro lment : 2,164,862
Fo rm 1-3
: 1,375,776
Fo rm 4
:
401,098
Fo rm 5
:
387,988

Boarding School
(SBP & MRSM)
Enro lment
Fo rm 1-3
Fo rm 4
Fo rm 5

:
:
:
:

14,293
3,429
Undergraduate
Degree
**Enrolment :388,580

Master
Enrolment :34,755

PhD

Enrolment :11,133

58,083
30,038
13,024
15,021

719
9,313
83,119

Admission
Output

81% in Korea, 73% in US, 70% in Finland and 48% in


Japan,

Malaysia needs to increase the percentage of its


school leavers who enter university.

t he percentage of doctoral to bachelors degree

Malaysia ranked 4.1% in getting its undergraduates to pursue doctoral degree


programmes with a percentage of 30.2%.

Percentage of Doctoral to Bachelors Degree


Holders,
Year 2006
35.0

30.2%

30.0
Percentage

25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0

2.8%

4.1%

6.2%

6.7%

0.0

Japan

Malaysia

UK

US

Singapore

R&D

The national R&D input indicators lag behind


comparable competitive nations, and are still below
their target of 1.5% of GDP (GERD/GDP).
R&D expenditure (2006)
35

R&D expenditure ($US


mil)

Expenditure

30

28.62

25
20
15

9.72

10

4.58

4.55
1.14

0
Korea

Taiwan

Singapore

Finland

Malaysia

1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

8.
9.

Admission to doctoral programme (e.g. length of time,


selection process and supervisors acceptance criteria);
Research support,
Supervision quality,
Facilities and equipment availability;
Completion rate;
Financial Aid;
lack of career attractiveness or opportunity for career
development for people with a doctorate;
relevant programmes; and
world-renowned professors

Note: These are issues emerged in the findings of a case study


conducted in one of the top Malaysian public HEIs

Figure 4.1: Doctorate Degree Process Conceptual framework (researchers illustration)


INFLUENTIAL FACTORS IN
PURSUING DOCTORATE
DEGREE

Admission

Admission
Requirements

Financial Support

Process time

Scholarship/Research Fellow/Grant

Availability of
supervisors

Working knowledge/ Relevance for


working environment (Tennant, 2004)

Suitability of
the research
topic

Higher potential wages


(Ehrenberg 1992)
Cognitive Career
/Academics career requirement
(Enders 2004)

Professional Career
Career attractiveness for doctorate
degree holders
(Enders 2004)
Personal Attributes
(Young 2005)

PhDs structure and model


(Bouner and Bowden, 2001)

CONTRIBUTION FACTORS TO COMPLETE


THE DEGREE
Examination process

Course experience
(Harman 2002)

Student-academic
relationship

Excess to specialize
equipment

Candidatur
e
Criteria

Support

Cunningham and Toth

Educational
knowledge
Intellectual
ability
Motivation
Research
Ability
Maturity
Problem
solving
Working habits
Verbal ability
Writing ability
Technical
literacy
(Young, 2005)

Quality supervisor

ENHANCING
RESEARCH AND
PUBLICATION
ACTIVITIES

Departmental support

Family, friends, and faculty

(1999)

Student Self Attributes

Studentssupervisors
relationship

Financial Support

Motivation

(Haden 1993
Discipline

Intellectual culture and


environment

Breadth of research
training

Perseverance

Students
aspiration and
motivation

ICPE-5
2012

Concern over potential shortages of doctorates to


academia, Malaysias action plan to produce 60,000
doctorates within the next 15 years has led to the
coining of the programme name MyBrain15.

Malaysian government, through MOHE, PSD, MARA and


MOSTI, has supported Malaysians with funds and financial
aid for postgraduate studies

The need for many more doctoral degree holders in


Malaysia is evident that Malaysia is now moving towards
knowledge-driven economy.

ICPE-5
2012

Malaysias targets for the short, intermediate and long terms


2007

Target (Cumulative)
Annual Output
Enrolment

Supervisor

719
11,133
7,800

Capacity

1.4

Completion Rate
Admission
Industry Doctorate

14K

8,000

Number

Duration (years)

Phase I: (2009-2013)

students

6 years
50-60%
3, 429
0

Phase II: (2014-2018)

Average of 27,120
2010: 8,0001
3.4 students
4.8 years
60% Average of
5,570
1%
1. Include academic staffs
under SLAB/SLAI

60K

33K

Average of 1,500

Phase III: (2019-2023)

Average of 3,830
Average of 42,400
Average of 8,500
5 students 2
4.5 years
80% Average of
6,200
2%

Average of 5,500
Average of 50,960
Average of 8,900
5.7 students
3.5 years2
95%3
Average of 7,330
5%4

2. Benchmark ANZ, US, UK


3. Benchmark ANZ 98%
4. Benchmark Denmark

ICPE-5
2012

Target Setting for Admission, Enrolment and Output


of Doctorates(

aggressive intervention will result in 60,000 doctorates in about 8


years at a CAGR of 41%,
medium intervention will result in the same number in about 15
years at a CAGR of 16%. )

2007

2008

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

Admission

3429

4500

4950 5346 5667 5893 6011 6071 6132

6193

6255

6318

6634

6966

7314

7679

8063

Enrolment

11133 14853 18956 23384 28054 30990 34212 37234 40094 42842 45538 46135 46837 48687 50608 53062 55596

Annual Output

719

805

846

918

996

2057 2700 3030 3270

3464

3603

5778

5991

5177

5457

5292

5549

Total doctorates 5992

6797

7643 8561 9558 11615 14315 17345 20615 24080 27682 33461 39451 44628 50085 55377 60925

ICPE-5
2012

The

approach to develop MyBrain15


strategies, initiatives and implementation
plan
Assess the factors attracting candidates and producing
sufficient doctoral graduates;
MOHE, to propose to the Government,
initiatives/plans/changes which are outside of its
sphere of control (e.g. MOE, MOSTI, government
research institutes and industry players).
Define the need for a doctoral-qualified (or equivalent)
workforce;
study successful models adopted by other nations
to enhance their research-based innovation system

Admitting

the right students


Special Reward Scheme
Build alliances with undergraduate
programmes.
Industry-faculty linkages
Diversified of Doctoral Setup
Investing in Scholarship
Adequate mentoring from faculty to
student.
Creating partnership with all involving in
doctoral studies

Promotion
dding the right student

Websites (graduate school,


Professors)
Research Council Unit

Adequate mentoring from


faculty to student

reating partnership with all


nvolving in doctoral studies

iversified of Doctoral Setup

Learning Community Model


Cohort system
Sharing facilities
Sharing expertise
Program and Structure
Supervisory Leadership training

Investing in Scholarship

Outsource talent
MyBrain15 Builder

Build alliances with


undergraduate programs

Integrated system

Industry-faculty linkages

Board of Fellow (BOF)

eward/opportunity Scheme

New salary scheme

Figure 5.2: Proposed Strategic Framework for Mybrain15 Implementation

JPA/SPA/JPN/GLC

CONTRIBUTING
FACTORS TO
PURSUE
DOCTORATE
DEGREE

BUILDING REWARD/
OPPORTUNITY
SCHEME
BUILDING ALLIANCES
WITH
UNDERGRADUATE
PROGRAM
INVESTING IN
SCHOLARSHIP

MyBrain15 Builder
program

Integrated
System

Grant/scholarship

Students (Building Personal


Attributes)

Supervisors Leadership
Training

Supervisor Quality
INDUSTRY-FACULTY
LINKAGES

Board of
Fellows
(Committee)

DIVERSIFIED OF
DOCTORAL
SETUP

Granted Talent (Overseas)

Promotion
High Self Eficiency

ADMISSION

ADMITTING THE
RIGHT STUDENT
BUILDING ACADEMIC
GOODWILL

Candidat
ur
e criteria

High Self Interest

Centres of Excellence
Research Council Unit

Skill

Website

Supervisor Availability
(Ratio
1:3)
Resources/Facilitie
s Perceive
Completion

COMPLETION
FACTOR

ADEQUATE
MENTORING

Examination and
Submission
process

Learning Community
Model Cohort
System

CREATING

SUPERVISOR
RELATIONSHIP

RESEARCH
PUBLICATION

BREATH OF
RESEARCH
TRAINING

MOTIVATION
AND
INSPIRATION

PARTNERSHIP WITH OTHER


UNIVERSITIES

INDICATOR
Infuential factors
Strategy
Action Plan
(improved from
existing)
Action Plan (newly
proposed)

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