Ahmad Madani

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Ahmad Madani

Minister of Defence
In office
7 February 1979 17 September 1979
Prime Minister

Mehdi Bazargan

Preceded by

Jaffar Shafeghat

Succeeded by

Mostafa Chamran
Governor of Khuzestan
In office

22 September 1979 2 January 1980

Prime Minister

Mehdi Bazargan

Preceded by

Vacant

Succeeded by

Mohammad Gharazi
Personal details

Born

11 February 1928
Kerman, Iran

Died

12 February 2006 (aged 78)

Denver, Colorado, United States

Political party

National Front of Iran

Religion

Shia Islam

Ahmad Madani (11 February 1928 12 February 2006) was an Iranian

politician, Commander of Iranian Navy (1979), governor of the Khuzestanprovince (1979
80) and candidate in the first Iranian presidential election.

Career and death[edit]

Madani joined the Iranian Navy in 1950 and was sent for training to the United Kingdom.
While being the commander of Bandar Abbas naval base in 1972, he was dismissed from
the navy due to his anti-Shah political views. Subsequently, he earned his PhD in law and
taught political science and economy at Kermanand Qazvin universities in Iran until
the Islamic Revolution. In the last period of the Shah Madani was the commander of Iranian
navy, but he was removed from post due to his criticisms of corruption in the navy. [1]
After the revolution, he served as the first defense minister of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
[1]
Then he was appointed governor of Khuzestan.[2] During this period he ended the
separatist plots and crises in Khuzestan. He became a candidate in the first Iranian
presidential election (25 January 1980) but lost to Abolhassan Banisadr.[2] He left Iran in
1980[2] and became the leader of theNational Front of Iran and lived in the USA until he died
in Colorado on 12 February 2006.

References[edit]
1. ^ Jump up to:a b "Iran: Admiral Ahmad Madani". Immigration and
Refugee Board of Canada. Refworld. 1 February 1989.
Retrieved 28 June 2013.
2. ^ Jump up to:a b c "Biographies". BBC. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
[hide]

Defense and Armed Forces Logistics Ministers of Iran

Ahmad Madani
Mostafa Chamran
Mousa Namjoo
Javad Fakoori
Mohammad Salimi
Mohammad Hossein Jalali
Akbar Torkan
Mohammad Forouzandeh
Ali Shamkhani
Mostafa Mohammad-Najjar
Ahmad Vahidi
Hossein Dehghan

This article about an Iranian politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Categories:
1928 births
2006 deaths
Commanders of Imperial Iranian Navy
Defence ministers of Iran
Iranian exiles
Candidates for President of Iran
Iranian governors
National Front (Iran) politicians
Iranian presidential candidates, 1980
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Abolhassan Banisadr
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Abolhasan Bani Sadr)

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by
adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or

poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or

harmful. (April 2008)

Abolhassan Banisadr

President of Iran
In office
4 February 1980 21 June 1981
Supreme Leader

Ruhollah Khomeini

Prime Minister

Mohammad-Ali Rajai

Succeeded by

Mohammad-Ali Rajai
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office

12 November 1979 29 November 1979

Prime Minister

Mehdi Bazargan

Preceded by

Ebrahim Yazdi

Succeeded by

Sadegh Ghotbzadeh
Minister of Finance
In office

27 February 1979 12 November 1979

Prime Minister

Mehdi Bazargan

Preceded by

Ali Ardalan

Succeeded by

Hossein Namazi
Personal details

Born

22 March 1933 (age 82)

Hamadan, Persia[1]

Political party

Independent

Other political

People's Mujahedin of Iran(1981-1984)

affiliations
Spouse(s)

Ozra Banisadr

Religion

Shia Islam

Signature

Seyyad Abolhassan Banisadr (

pronunciation (helpinfo) ;[needs IPA] Persian:

;born 22 March 1933) is an Iranian politician, economist andhuman rights activist. He

was the first President of Iran after the 1979 Iranian Revolution abolished the monarchy,
serving from 4 February 1980 until he was impeached by parliament on 21 June 1981. Prior
to his presidency, he was theminister of foreign affairs in the interim government.
Contents
[hide]

1 Early life and education

2 Career
o

2.1 Impeachment

3 Flight and exile

o

3.1 My Turn to Speak

3.2 Views

4 Personal life

5 Books

6 See also

7 References

8 External links

Early life and education[edit]

Banisadr was born on 22 March 1933 in Hamedan.[2] His father was an ayatollah and close
to Ruhollah Khomeini.[3] He studied finance and economics at the Sorbonne. In 1972,
Banisadr's father died and he attended the funeral in Iraq where he first met Ayatollah
Khomeini.[4]
Banisadr had participated in the anti-Shah student movement during the early 1960s and
was imprisoned twice, and was wounded during an uprising in 1963. He then fled to France.
He later joined the Iranian resistance group led by Khomeini, becoming one of his hard-liner
advisors.[3][4] Banisadr returned to Iran together with Khomeini as the revolution was
beginning in February 1979. He wrote a book on Islamic finance, Eghtesad Tohidi, an Arabic
phrase that roughly translates as "The Economics of Monotheism."

Career[edit]

Banisadr inaugurated as firstPresident of Iran in 1980

Following the Iranian Revolution, Banisadr became deputy minister of finance on 4

February 1979 and was in office until 27 February 1979. He also became a member of the
revolutionary council when Bazargan and others left the council to form the interim
government.[5] After the resignation of the interim finance minister Ali Ardalan on 27 February
1979, he was appointed finance minister by thenprime minister Mehdi Bazargan. On 12
November 1979, Banisadr was appointed foreign minister to replace Ebrahim Yazdi in the
government that was led by Council of Islamic Revolution when the interim government
resigned.
Banisadr was elected to a four-year term as president on 25 January 1980, receiving 78.9
percent of the vote in theelection, and was inaugurated on 4 February. Khomeini remained
the Supreme Leader of Iran with the constitutional authority to dismiss the president. The
inaugural ceremonies were held at the hospital where Khomeini was recovering from a
heart ailment.[6]
Banisadr was not an Islamic cleric; Khomeini had insisted that clerics should not run for
positions in the government. In August and September 1980, Banisadr survived
two helicopter crashes near the Iran-Iraq border. During the Iran-Iraq war, Banisadr was
appointed acting commander-in-chief by Khomenei on 10 June 1981. [7]

Impeachment[edit]
This section of a biographical article needs additional citations for verification.Please
help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is
unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if
potentially libelous or harmful. (June 2013)
The Majlis (Iran's Parliament) impeached Banisadr in his absence on 21 June 1981,
[8]
allegedly because of his moves against the clerics in power,[9] in particular Mohammad
Beheshti, then head of the judicial system. Khomeini himself appears to have instigated the
impeachment, which he signed the next day.
Even before Khomeini had signed the impeachment papers, the Revolutionary Guard had
seized the Presidential buildings and gardens, and imprisoned writers at a newspaper
closely tied to Banisadr. Over the next few days, they executed several of his closest
friends, including Hossein Navab, Rashid Sadrolhefazi and Manouchehr
Massoudi. Ayatollah Hussein Ali Montazeri was among the few people in the government in
support of Banisadr, but he was soon stripped of his powers.

At the same time, the Iranian government outlawed all political parties, except the Islamic
Republic Party. Government forces arrested and imprisoned members of other parties, such
as the People's Mujahedin, Fadaian Khalq, Tudeh, and Paikar.
Banisadr went into hiding for a few days before his removal, and hid in Tehran, protected by
the People's Mujahedin (PMOI) . He attempted to organize an alliance of anti-Khomeini
factions to retake power, including the PMOI, KDP, and the Fedaian Organisation (Minority),
while eschewing any contact with pro-Shah exile groups. He met numerous times while in
hiding with PMOI leader Massoud Rajavi to plan an alliance, but after the execution on 27
July of PMOI member Mohammadreza Saadati, Banisadr and Rajavi concluded that it was
unsafe to remain in Iran.[10]
This article contains Persian
text.Without proper rendering
support, you may see question
marks, boxes, or other symbols.

In Banisadr's view, this impeachment was a coup d'tat against the democracy in Iran. In
order to settle the political differences in the country President Banisadr had asked for
a referendum.[11]

Flight and exile[edit]

Banisadr in 2010

When Banisadr was impeached on 21 June 1981 he had fled and had been hiding in
western Iran.[8] On 29 July, Banisadr and Masoud Rajavi were smuggled aboard anIranian
Air Force Boeing 707 piloted by Colonel Behzad Moezzi.[3] It followed a routine flight plan
before deviating out of Iranian groundspace to Turkish airspace and eventually landing
in Paris.[8]
Banisadr and Rajavi found political asylum in Paris, conditional on abstaining from antiKhomeini activities in France. This restriction was effectively ignored after France evacuated
its embassy in Tehran. Banisadr, Rajavi and the Kurdish Democratic Party set up
the National Council of Resistance of Iran in Paris in October 1981.[3][10] However, Banisadr
soon fell out with Rajavi, accusing him of ideologies favouring dictatorship and violence.
Furthermore, Banisadr opposed the armed opposition as initiated and sustained by Rajavi,
and sought support for Iran during the war with Iraq.

My Turn to Speak[edit]

In 1991, Banisadr released an English translation of his 1989 text My Turn to Speak: Iran,
the Revolution and Secret Deals with the U.S..[12] In the book, Banisadr alleged covert
dealings between the Ronald Reagan presidential campaign and leaders in Tehran to
prolong the Iran hostage crisis before the 1980 U.S. presidential election.[13] He also claimed
that Henry Kissinger plotted to set up a Palestinian state in the Iranian
province of Khuzistan and that Zbigniew Brzezinski conspired with Saddam Hussein to
plot Iraq's 1980 invasion of Iran.[12]
In a review for Foreign Affairs, William B. Quandt described the book as "a rambling, selfserving series of reminiscences" and "long on sensational allegations and devoid of
documentation that might lend credence to Bani-Sadr's claims." [12] Kirkus Reviews called it
"an interesting-though frequently incredible and consistently self-serving-memoir" and said
"frequent sensational accusations render his tale an eccentric, implausible commentary on
the tragic folly of the Iranian Revolution." [14]

Views[edit]
Banisadr, in a 2008 interview with the Voice of America in the 29th anniversary of the
revolution, claimed that Khomenei is directly responsible for the violence originated from the
Muslim world and that Khomenei did turn against his promises stated in exile following the
revolution.[15] In July 2009, Banisadr publicly denounced the Iranian government's conduct
after the disputed presidential election: "Khamenei ordered the fraud in the presidential
elections and the ensuing crackdown on protesters." He said the government was "holding
on to power solely by means of violence and terror" and accused its leaders of amassing
wealth for themselves, to the detriment of other Iranians. [16]
In published articles on the 2009 Iranian election protests, he ascribed the unusually open
political climate before the election to the government's great need to prove its legitimacy.
[17]
However, he said the government had lost all legitimacy. In particular, the spontaneous
uprising had cost it its political legitimacy, and Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei's
threats leading to the violent crackdown its religious legitimacy.[citation needed]

Personal life[edit]
Banisadr lives in Versailles, near Paris, in a villa closely guarded by French police.[16]
[17]
Banisadr's daughter, Firoozeh, married Masoud Rajavi in Paris following their exile. [3][18]
[19]
They later divorced and the alliance between him and Rajavi also ended. [3][18]

Books[edit]

The fundamental principles and precepts of Islamic

government, Mazda Publishers, 1981

(with Jean-Charles Deniau) My Turn to Speak: Iran, the

Revolution and Secret Deals With the U.S., Potomac Books
(April 1991) ISBN 0-08-040563-0

Le Coran et le pouvoir: principes fondamentaux du Coran,

Imago, 1993

See also[edit]

October Surprise conspiracy theory

References[edit]
1. Jump up^ Abolhasan Bani Sadr Answers
2. Jump up^ Jessup, John E. (1998). An Encyclopedic Dictionary of
Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945-1996. Westport, CT:
Greenwood Press. p. 57. via Questia (subscription required)
3. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Sreberny-Mohammadi, Annabelle; Ali
Mohammadi (January 1987). "Post-Revolutionary Iranian Exiles: A
Study in Impotence". Third World Quarterly 9 (1): 108
129. doi:10.1080/01436598708419964.
4. ^ Jump up to:a b Rubin, Barry (1980). Paved with Good
Intentions (PDF). New York: Penguin Books. p. 308.
5. Jump up^ Metz, Helen Chapin. "The Revolution" (PDF). Phobos.
Retrieved 10 August 2013.
6. Jump up^ Facts on File 1980 Yearbook, p. 88
7. Jump up^ Mozaffari, Mahdi (1993). "Changes in the Iranian
political system after Khomeini's death". Political Studies XLI: 611
617.doi:10.1111/j.1467-9248.1993.tb01659.x. Retrieved 30
July 2013.
8. ^ Jump up to:a b c Sahimi, Mohammad (20 August 2013). "Iran's
Bloody Decade of 1980s". Payvand. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
9. Jump up^ "Iranian presidential elections 2013: the essential
guide". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
10. ^ Jump up to:a b Sepehr Zabih (1982). Iran Since the Revolution.
Taylor & Francis. pp. 133136. ISBN 0-7099-3000-3.
11. Jump up^ Abolhassan, Bani-Sadr. "35 Years On, It is Time to
Return to the Democratic Spirit of the Iranian
Revolution". Huffington Post. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
12. ^ Jump up to:a b c Quandt, Walter B. (Winter 1991). "My Turn To
Speak: Iran, The Revolution And Secret Deals With The
U.S.". Foreign Affairs (Council on Foreign Relations).
Retrieved June 15, 2015.
13. Jump up^ Neil A Lewis (7 May 1991). "Bani-Sadr, in U.S., Renews
Charges of 1980 Deal". New York Times. Retrieved 31 July 2009.

14. Jump up^ Kirkus Reviews (March 15, 1991). "My Turn to Speak:
Iran, the Revolution and Secret Deals with the
U.S.".http://www.kirkusreviews.com. Kirkus Reviews.
Retrieved June 15, 2015.
15. Jump up^ "Persian TV weekly highlights". Voice of America. 19
February 2008. Retrieved 4 August 2013.
16. ^ Jump up to:a b "Former Iran president says Khamenei behind
election "fraud"". WashingtonTV. 7 July 2009. Retrieved 31
July 2009.
17. ^ Jump up to:a b Abolhassan Banisadr (3 July 2009). "The Regime
Cares Nothing about Human Rights". Die Welt / Qantara.
Retrieved31 July 2009.
18. ^ Jump up to:a b Irani, Bahar (19 February 2011). "Indispensability
of Examining Sexual Abuses within the Cult of Rajavi". Habilian
Association. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
19. Jump up^ Smith, Craig S. (24 September 2005). "Exiled Iranians
Try to Foment Revolution From France". The New York Times.
Retrieved 29 July 2013.

External links[edit]
Iran portal
Biography portal
Politics portal

Wikiquote has quotations related to: Abolhassan Banisadr

Wikimedia Commons has

media related
to Abolhassan Banisadr.

Abolhassan Banisadr's website (in Persian)

Political offices

Preceded by
Ali Ardalan

Minister of Finance of Iran

1979

Succeeded by
Hossein Namazi

Preceded by
Ebrahim Yazdi

Minister of Foreign Affairs of Iran

1979

Succeeded by
Sadegh Ghotbzadeh

Preceded by
Mahmoud Taleghani

President of the Council of Islamic Revolution

19791980

Succeeded by
Position abolished

Preceded by
Mohammad-Reza Pahlavi

President of Iran
19801981

Succeeded by
Mohammad-Ali Rajai

as Shah of Iran

[show]

Presidents of Iran (List)

[show]

Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Iran

VIAF: 47553206
ISNI: 0000 0001 1797 8281

Authority control

GND: 118506412
BNF: cb121090045 (data)

Categories:

1933 births
Living people
Government ministers of Iran
Foreign ministers of Iran
Presidents of Iran
Impeached officials
Impeached officials removed from office
People from Hamadan
University of Paris alumni
National Front (Iran) politicians
Abolhassan Banisadr
People of the Iranian Revolution
Iran hostage crisis
Iranian revolutionaries

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