COMPUTER is an electronic machine that follows a set of instructions

Computer with massive hard drive capacity that is used to link other

in order that it may be able to accept and gather data and transform

computers together so that data can be shared by multiple users. A

these into information.

computer system in an ambulatory care facility is likely linked or

networked with a central server

TYPES OF COMPUTERS

1. A supercomputer is superficially similar to a mainframe, but is

instead intended for extremely demanding computational
tasks. As of November 2013, the fastest supercomputer in the
world is the Tianhe-2, in Guangzhou, China.[9]

2. A mainframe computer is a much

larger computer that typically
fills a room and may cost many
hundreds or thousands of times
as much as a personal computer.
They are designed to perform
large numbers of calculations
An IBM System z9 mainframe

4. The personal computer, also known as the PC, is one of the

most common types of computer due to its versatility and
relatively low price.

Some Personal computers are:

1. A desktop computer is a personal computer in a form intended
for regular use at a single location desk/table due to its size
and power requirements. The most common configuration is a
computer monitor, keyboard and mouse, and a case that houses
the main components of the PC, namely the power supply,
motherboard, hard drive, optical drive, and previously the
floppy drive.
2. Laptops are generally very similar, although may use lowerpower or reduced size components.
3. A tablet computer is a mobile computer with a touchscreen

for governments and large

display, circuitry and battery in a single unit. Tablets come

enterprises.

equipped with sensors, including cameras, a microphone and an

accelerometer, and the touchscreen display uses finger or
stylus gestures substituting for the use of computer mouse

3. Server

and keyboard. They usually feature on-screen, pop-up virtual

keyboards for typing.

4. Portable computers, which later developed into modern

laptops, were originally considered to be a small niche market,
mostly for specialized field applications, such as the military,
accountancy, for sales representatives etc. As portable

COMPONENTS INSIDE THE SYSTEM UNIT

Motherboard

computers developed and became more like modern laptops,

The motherboard is a sheet of plast

becoming smaller, lighter, cheaper, and more powerful, they

the circuitry to connect the various

became very widely used for a variety of purposes.

5. An embedded system is a special-purpose system in which the
computer is completely encapsulated by the device it controls.
Unlike a general-purpose computer, such as a personal
computer, an embedded system performs pre-defined tasks,
usually with very specific requirements. Since the system is
dedicated to a specific task, design engineers can optimize it,
reducing the size and cost of the product. Embedded systems
are often mass-produced, so the cost savings may be
multiplied by millions of items.

computer system.

Motherboard
The motherboard is the body or mainframe of the computer, through
which all other components interface. It is the central circuit board
making up a complex electronic system. A motherboard provides the
electrical connections by which the other components of the system
communicate. The mother board includes many components such as:
central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM), firmware,
and internal and external buses.

Some examples of embedded systems include ATMs, cell

phones, printers, thermostats, calculators, and videogame
consoles.

Central processing unit (CPU)

Small chip found on the motherboard that manipulates the data sent
from a program; brains of the computer.
Memory
Embedded Computer Sub-Assembly
for Accupoll Electronic Voting
Random Access Memory
Machine
Random access memory (RAM) is fast-access memory that is cleared
when the computer is power-down. RAM attaches directly to the
motherboard, and is used to store programs that are currently running.
RAM is a set of integrated circuits that allow the stored data to be
accessed in any order (why it is called random). There are many
different types of RAM. Distinctions between these different types

include: writable vs. read-only, static vs. dynamic, volatile vs. nonvolatile, etc.
read-only memory (ROM)
ROM is "built-in" computer memory containing data that normally can
only be read, not written to. ROM contains the programming that
allows your computer to be "booted up" or regenerated each time you
turn it on. Unlike a computer's random access memory (RAM), the
data in ROM is not lost when the computer power is turned off. The
ROM is sustained by a small long-life battery in your computer.
(CMOS) complementary metal oxide semiconductor
A complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) is an
integrated circuit design on a printed circuit board (PCB) that uses
semiconductor technology. The PCB has microchips and a layout of
electric circuits that connect the chips. All circuit boards are
typically either CMOS chips, N-type metal oxide semiconductor
(NMOS) logic, or transistor-transistor logic (TTL) chips. The CMOS
chip is most commonly used, as it produces less heat and requires less
electricity than the others.

Internal Storage
Internal storage is hardware that keeps data inside the computer for
later use and remains persistent even when the computer has no power.
There are a few different types of internal storage. Hard disks are
the most popular type of internal storage. Solid-state drives have
grown in popularity slowly. A disk array controller is popular when you
need more storage then a single har disk can hold.

Power Supply
The power supply as its name might suggest is the device that supplies
power to all the components in the computer. Its case holds a
transformer, voltage control, and (usually) a cooling fan. The power
supply converts about 100-120 volts of AC power to low-voltage DC
power for the internal components to use. The most common computer
power supplies are built to conform with the ATX form factor. This
enables different power supplies to be interchangable with different
components inside the computer. ATX power supplies also are designed
to turn on and off using a signal from the motherboard, and provide
support for modern functions such as standby mode.
Computer Video Card
very important component in a computer
Without this we cant any information onmoniter
it transfers video signals through a cable to yourmonitor
video card can either be built into themotherboard or be a
separate card that is placedin either the AGP or PCI-Express
Slots.
The computer graphics cards major job in acomputer is to
convert graphic patterns intosignals for the monitors screen.
2D and 3D effects
3 BASIC COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER
Control unit
This is the part of the processor that manages the
instructions of the programs and makes sure that the other parts of
the processor are doing what they should be.
Arithmetic logic unit

This is the part of the processor that carries out instructions.

It contains circuitry that allows it to perform arithmetic; it allows
for logic decisions and acts as a gateway between the processor and
other parts of the system.
Memory unit
This is where everything is stored; this includes all the
program instructions and data required to complete the instructions.
The parts of the OS, which the computer is using at the time are also
stored here.
MACHINE CYCLE
The steps performed by the computer processor for each machine
language instruction received. The machine cycle is a 4 process cycle
that includes reading and interpreting the machine language,
executing the code and then storing that code.
Four steps of Machine cycle
1. Fetch - Retrieve an instruction from the memory.

2. Decode - Translate the retrieved instruction into a series of

computer commands.
3. Execute - Execute the computer commands.
4. Store - Sand and write the results back in memory.