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Objects of scouring:
Process of scouring:
1) Kier Lining: Prior to filling the fabric in kier.
i) STANDARD: No cheeping of interior wall of kier.
ii) ACTION: Ensure proper cementing of interior wall of kier.
iii) FILLING DENSITY: 7-8Kg/Cubic feet during filling of kier.
2) Removal of Air:
i) ACTION: Air removal before raising pressure
ii) STANDARD: No air, ensure complete removal of air.
3) Circulation:
i) During scouring, circulation is tested by flow rate method.
ii) STANDARD: Smooth circulation.
iii) ACTION: Cleaning of circulation pump.
4) Recipe:
Bleaching
Bleaching of textile material is a commercial, chemical process can be defined asDestruction of natural coloring matters to impart a pure permanent and basic white
effects suitable for the production of white finishes, level dyeing and desired printed
shade with the minimum or number tendering or without diminishing the tensile
strength.
Bleaching agent:
Hydrogen peroxide.
Calcium hypochlorite.
Bleaching agent.
Sodium hypochlorite.
Sodium chlorite.
per acetic acid.
Ozone.
Zinc dust.
Staneaous chloride.
Ferrous sulphate.
Sulphur di-oxide.
calcium ions and magnesium ions will undermine the stability of H2O2.
To solve the disadvantages and contradiction, a non-silicate type stabilizer
containing no sodium silicate has been developed, although the cost is higher
than sodium silicate.
Furthermore, when dyeing is performed without a drying process after the H2O2
bleaching, the problem of residual H2O2 arises. 10ppm of residual H2O2 or more
causes dyeing problems, although it depends on a type of dye. To degrade the
residual H2O2, a reducing agent or the like, or an enzyme (catalase) can be
used. The enzyme appears as a current mainstream.
BRITE FB CONC
BIOGEN 300
BIOGEN NN
Dechlorination agent
BRITE CL-B
bleaching. Since `chlorine free` is a recent trend, like PRTR, a method without
using chlorine is being examined. The same applies to NaClO.
Process of bleaching:
By Kinetic study of bleaching, take 3 titration at 5 minutes. If
decomposition in 2nd and 3rd titration is fast then metallic impurity is present.
Remedy: Hexametaphosphate (7-8gpl to 15-20gpl is taken. It does not chelate Fe ion. If Fe ion
is present
then EDTA is used. If hardness of water is around 250-300 PPM, then 3gpl EDTA is sufficient,
but in
presence of Fe Ion 6-8gpl is needed at 250-300 PPM Hardness. EDTA chelate is stable at higher
temperature).
Concentration of Chemical:
Concentration is selected from uniformity and reproducible
results of previous processing. Adjust the
feeding concentration of chemical as required.
PROCESS CONTROL AND SAFETY IN CHEMICAL PROCESSING Prof.Y.M.Indi
Temperature:
Check temperature during process. Temperature depends on bleaching process and bleaching
chemical.
Regulate steam supply as needed.
Time:
METHOD: Dwell time record, concentration of bleaching method and process selected.
Give adequate
treatment time.
pH: Adjust the pH during the process by pH indicator or pH paper.