Mrunal (Aptitude) PNC - All Possible Numbers Using 012345, All Possible Words Using ABCDE, Permutation Arrangement Made Easy With and Without Formulas

Mrunal [Aptitude] PnC: All possible numbers using 012345, All possible...
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[Aptitude] PnC: All possible numbers using 012345, All possible words using
ABCDE, Permutation Arrangement Made Easy with and without Formulas
Following types of questions pretty common in competitive exams:
1. How many numbers of five digits can be formed with the digits 1,2,3,4 and 5,
without repetition?
2. How many words can be formed using all of the letters from A to E without
repetition?
3. How many ways can 5 men be arranged in 5 chairs?
Whether it is digits, letters or people. Approach is same. Youve to arrange them. But
When we form numbers, 12345 is not same as 54321. Both numbers are
different.Similarly ABDCE word is not same as BCDEA. So order matters, these are a
Permutation problems
It means order matters. = These are permutation problems. And we can solve it
without tears and without formulas. (Provided that youve mastered my first article on
PnC)
This new article contains a few more concepts related to PnC.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Case: Without repetition

Case: With repetition
Case: Entry of ZERO (without repetition)
Case: Entry of ZERO (with repetition)
Case: Even numbers (without repetition)
Case: Odd numbers
Mock Questions
Case: All possible numbers
Case: Without repetition

How many numbers of five digits can be formed with the digits 1,2,3,4 and
5, without repetition?
Repetition of digits, is not allowed = we cannot form numbers such as 22222, 23355
etc. Each digit must be different in this case.
Similarly AAABC or BBCAD is not allowed.
Approach: Fundamental counting

Recall the first article on PnC
There are 3 trains from Mumbai to Ahmedabad and 7 trains from Ahmedabad to
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Kutch. In how many ways can Jethalal reach Kutch?

From Mumbai to Abad, Jethalal can go in 3 ways. (Because there are three train,
he can pick anyone)
Similarly From Abad to Kutch, he can go in 7 ways.
Pick first train from Mumbai to Abad AND pick second train from Abad to
Kutch
AND means multiplication.
Total ways: simple multiplication =3 ways x 7 ways =21 ways Jethalal can reach
Kutch.
This is fundamental counting principle.
Ok, weve five digits and weve to form numbers containing five digits.
Same as 5 seats 5 men. How many ways to arrange?
Lets start filling up the chair, one chair at a time.
First chair
How many ways can you select one guy from 5?
= 5 ways. (Recall the Jethalals train example)
Alternatively 5choose1=5c1=5
How many candidates left?
One guy occupied the first chair so 5-1=4 guys left.
Second chair
Ok now 4 guys waiting to seat in the chair.
How many ways can you select one guy from 4?=4 ways.
Alternatively 4c1=4 ways.
Now first chair and second chair is occupied.
Means 2 out of 5 gentlemen got the seats and 5-2=3 guys still waiting to sit in a chair.
Third chair:
Candidates left: 3
How many ways can you select one guy from given 3? =3 ways.
Fourth Chair
Now 2 candidates left.
How many ways can you select one guy from given 2? =2 ways.
Fifth Chair
Only 1 candidate left.
How many ways can you select one guy from given 1? =Obviously 1 way.
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In short,
Total ways to arrange 5 digit numbers

=First chair AND second chair and third chair and fourth chair and fifth chair
And means multiplication
=5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1
=120 ways.
Formula-approach
Total digits(n)=1,2,3,4,5
Weve to form numbers containing 5 digits. So r=5.
Permutation
=nPr
=5P5
=5!/(5-5)!
=5!/0!
=5!/1 (because 0!=1)
=5x4x3x2x1
=120 ways.
Final answer: from the given digits 1,2,3,4,5 we can for 120 numbers which contain 5
digits.
Case2: With repetition

How many numbers of five digits can be formed with the digits 1,2,3,4 and 5: with
repetition?
This time we can repeat digits, for example 22233,11111 etc. numbers are allowed.
But it is still a permutation problem because 22233 doesnt equal to 11111. Order
matters!
First chair

BUT, immediately after one guy is seated in first chair, his clone appears and stands in
the waiting line.
So how many candidates left? 5 candidates.
Second chair
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Weve 5 candidates left and weve to pick one of them for second chair.
BUT, immediately after that guy is seated in second chair, his clone appears and stands
in the waiting line.
So how many candidates left? 5 candidates.
Third chair
Again 5 candidates left and youve to pick one guy for third seat= 5 ways.
But again his clone appears and stands in the waiting line and 5 candidates left.
Process continues till all chairs are occupied like this.
Total numbers
=5x5x5x5x5
=55
=3125 ways.
Formula: repetition allowed

Permutation of n different things taken r at a time, and each item is allowed to be
repeated for any number of times.
In such case permutations=nr
How many numbers of five digits can be formed with the digits 1,2,3,4 and 5: with
repetition?
Total items (n)=5
Weve to take 5 digits for form a number so r=5
Permutation with repetitions
=nr
=55
=3125
Case: Entry of ZERO (without repetition)

How many numbers of five digits can be formed with the digits 0,1,2,3,4 : without
repetition?
It is a permutation problem, because order matters.
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But 01234 is not a five digit number, it is a four digit number.

Means Mr.zero cannot occupy the first chair, although he is eligible for any other
remaining chairs.
First chair
Number of eligible candidates = 4.
(because Mr.Zero is not allowed, so weve Mr.One, Mr.Two,Mr.Three and Mr.Four =
four candidates)
=4 ways. (Recall the Jethalals train example)
Alternatively 4choose1=4c1=4 ways.

Well there were four eligible candidates for the 1st chair and one of them occupied the
first chair.
So 4-1=3 candidates left.
BUT, now Mr.Zero is also eligible for the remaining seats #2,#3,#4 and #5.
So remaining candidates =3 candidates + Mr.Zero=4 candidates.
Second chair
Weve four candidates left (including Mr.Zero) and each of them is eligible to compete
for second chair.
How many way can you select 1 guy out of 4? = 4 ways.
(We had to be careful only for first chair because of the 5 digit rule.) from now on,
things will move smooth just like case #1.
4 guys competing for second chair. One of them got selected so 4 -1= 3 guys left.
Third chair
How many way can you select 1 guy out of 3 guy left from previous chair? = 3 ways.
Now only 2 guys left.
Second chair= 2 ways
Now 1 guy left
First chair = 1 way.
Total numbers containing 5 digits
=4 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1
=96 ways.
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Similar question
There are 5 gentlemen in Gokuldham society Jetha, Sodhi, Bhide, Mehta and Aiyyar.
How many ways can they be arranged in 5 chairs with condition that Jethalal must not
occupy the first chair?
= same approach, same answer. Instead of 5 numbers we have 5 men and instead of
zero, weve Jethalal.
Case: Entry of ZERO (with repetition)

How many numbers of five digits can be formed with the digits 0,1,2,3,4 : with
repetition?
Do this on your own.
Im only doing the last step.
=4 x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5
=4 x 54
=2500 ways.
Case: Even numbers (without repetition)

1. How many even numbers of five digits can be formed with the digits 1,2,3,4,5 :
without repetition? OR
2. How many five digit numbers can be formed using 1,2,3,4,5 which are divisible by
2. (without repetition)?
What is an even number?

If the last digit of a given number is 0,2,4,6 or 8, we call it Even number.
In our case, weve five digits: 1,2,3,4,5
If we want to form even numbers, the last digit (fifth chair) must contain either 2 or 4.
Now we can solve this case, using two approaches
Approach#1: The AND

Imagine this episode
There are 5 guys wanting to sit in 5 seats.
Between Mr.Two and Mr.Four, I pick one guy (2 ways) and ask him to get-out of
the room.
So Ive 5 minus 1 = 4 guys left in the room.
I fill up first, second, third and fourth chair using these 4 guys.
How many ways can I fill up 4 chairs using 4 men?
4x3x2x1=4!=24 ways.
(alternatively, apply formula =4P4)
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I had sent one guy outside, now I call him back and ask him to sit in the 5th (last) chair.
Since there is only one guy left and one chair left=1 way. Combine this episode into
single line
Total even number

=(pick one Get-out guy from Mr.Two and Mr.Four) AND (4 men in 4 seats) AND
(Make that Get-out guy sit in fifth seat)
=2 x (24) x1
=48 ways.
Formula-wise speaking
=2C1 x 4P4 x 1C1
=48 ways.
Approach #2: The OR Approach (Breaking the case)

Same question:
How many even numbers of five digits can be formed with the digits 1,2,3,4,5 : without
repetition?
Even number means last digit has 0,2,4,6 or 8.
In our case weve got only 2,4.
Break the case. When we break the case, use word OR
total possible cases
=(5 digits with 2 as last digit) OR (5 digits with 4 as last digit.)
Broken case#1: Five digits number with 2 as last digit.

It means MR.2 must always occupy last chair. (=1 way)
So we had five guys but one of them Mr.two is not eligible to sit in any other chair
except last one.
=5-1=4 guys left
And From 1st chair to 4th chair, weve total 4 chairs.
4 chairs and 4 guys
Permutation
=4 x 3 x 2 x 1
=24 ways.
(Alternatively 4P4=4!=24)
broken case #2: Five digits number with 4 as last digit

= 24 ways (just like broken case #1)
Now, combine these two broken cases.
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Total possible cases

=(5 digits with 2 as last digit) OR (5 digits with 4 as last digit.)
=24+24 (because OR means addition (+)
=48
Case: Odd numbers

How many Odd numbers of five digits can be formed with the digits 1,2,3,4,5 : without
repetition?
What is an odd number?
It has 1,3,5,7 or 9 as last digit
Means it doesnt have 0,2,4,6 or 8 as last digit.
Shortcut
So far you know that
Total number possible (from case#1)=120
Total even numbers possible (from previous case)=48
So odd numbers = total minus even number
=120 minus 48
=72 odd numbers possible.
Usual approach
Weve five guys: 1,2,3,4,5
From Mr.one, three and five, I pick up one guy and tell him to Get-out of the room
=3 ways.
How many guys left ?
There were five in the room, one of them went outside so 5-1=4 guys left.
Arrange them in seat number one to four = 4! Ways.
Call that get-out guy back and tell me to sit in the 5th (last) seat =1 way
Total odd numbers

=3 ways x 4! ways x 1 way
=3 x 24
=72
Mock Questions
Without considering dictionary meaning, How many words can be formed using all
letters from A to E such that
1. Word ends with a vowel. (answer and approach same as Even number case)
2. Word ends with a consonant. (answer and approach same as odd number case)
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3. Both first and last letter of the word are vowels. (Now you think about that!)
Case: All possible numbers

How many numbers can be formed using digits 1,2,3,4,5 : without repetition?
It doesnt specify the digit limit.
Means 1,2,3,4,5,12,13,14,.,123,312..,53214.all digits of any length allowed as
long as there is no repetition.
How many numbers possible?
Weve to break the case. When we break the case, we use word OR.
Possible numbers
=1 digit OR 2 digit OR 3 digit OR 4 digit OR 5 digit.
OR means addition
=1 digit number + 2 digit number + 3 digit number + 4 digit number +5 digit number
Number of digits in the number Ways to arrange
1 (e.g.2)
5 men 1 seat
2 (e.g.23)
5 men 2 seats =54
20
3 (e.g.234)
5 men 3 seats =5x4x3
60
4 (e.g.2345)
5 men 4 seats =5x4x3x2
120
5 (e.g. 23451)
5 men 5 seats =5x4x3x2x1 120
Total
=5
325
Formula approach
=5P1 + 5P2 + 5P3 +5P4 +5P5
=325
Final answer: From the given digits 1,2,3,4,5 we can form total 325 numbers.
visit Mrunal.org/APTITUDEto read my other articles on Aptitude.
Still having Trouble solving some PnC question from your book? Post is in comments
below!
URL to article: http://mrunal.org/2012/05/aptitude-pnc-all-possible-numbersusing.html

Posted By Mrunal On 09/05/2012 @ 18:20 In the category Aptitude
7/28/2014 2:13 PM

Mrunal (Aptitude) PNC - All Possible Numbers Using 012345, All Possible Words Using ABCDE, Permutation Arrangement Made Easy With and Without Formulas

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Mrunal [Aptitude] PnC: All possible numbers using 012345, All possible...

Case: Without repetition

Case: Without repetition

Approach: Fundamental counting

Kutch. In how many ways can Jethalal reach Kutch?

Total ways to arrange 5 digit numbers

Case2: With repetition

How many candidates left?

Formula: repetition allowed

Case: Entry of ZERO (without repetition)

But 01234 is not a five digit number, it is a four digit number.

How many candidates left?

Case: Entry of ZERO (with repetition)

Case: Even numbers (without repetition)

What is an even number?

Approach#1: The AND

Total even number

Approach #2: The OR Approach (Breaking the case)

Broken case#1: Five digits number with 2 as last digit.

broken case #2: Five digits number with 4 as last digit

Total possible cases

Case: Odd numbers

Total odd numbers

Case: All possible numbers

5 men 2 seats =54

5 men 3 seats =5x4x3

5 men 4 seats =5x4x3x2

5 men 5 seats =5x4x3x2x1 120

URL to article: http://mrunal.org/2012/05/aptitude-pnc-all-possible-numbersusing.html

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