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42 Spring 2005
= (I + D + R ) eit .
(1)
The radiation potential is comprised of six components due to the motions in the six directions,
= i n j ; ( j = 1, 2, 3)
(2)
= i (r n) j 3 ; ( j = 4, 5, 6)
(3)
n
j
n
r = ( x, y, z )
(4)
n = n j ( j = 1, 2, 3) = (nx , ny , nz )
(5)
In order to meet all the boundary conditions we must have waves that radiate away from the body.
Thus j e ikx as x .
For the diffraction problem we know that the derivative of the total potential (here the incident
potential plus the diffraction potential without consideration of the radiation potential) normal to
the body surface is zero on the body:
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T
n
= 0 on S B , where T = I + D .
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= D ; on S B
n
n
(6)
We have so far talked primarily about the incident potential. The formulation of the incident
potential is straight forward from the boundary value problem (BVP) setup in lecture 15. There
exist several viable forms of this potential function each are essentially a phase shifted version of
another. The diffraction potential can also be found in the same fashion using the BVP for the
diffraction potential with the appropriate boundary condition on the body. This potential can be
approximated for a long wave condition. This long wave approximation assumes that the incident
wavelength is very long compared to the body diameter and thus the induced velocity field from
the incident waves on the structure can be assumed constant over the body and approximated by
the following equation:
i I
1 + I 2 + I 3
y
z
x
(7)
F FK (t ) =
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I
n dS
t
(8)
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x
T
B
Deep water incident wave potential is:
I =
a kz
e Re i ei (t kx )
k
(9)
The force in the vertical direction is found from the incident potential using eq. 8 along the bottom
of the vessel. Here the normal in the z-direction, nz , is negative: nz = 1 , so the force per unit
length in the z-direction is
ia kT i (t kx )
B/ 2
i
FzFK = Re
e e
dx
B/ 2
k
o 2
k2
= Re
(10)
(11)
= Re 2 2 a e kT eit sin(kB/ 2)
k
eiz e iz
2i
(12)
Using the vertical velocity we can rewrite the force in terms of the velocity.
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w(t ) = Re a ekz i ei (t kx )
(13)
w(t ) = Re a 2 e kz ei (t kx )
(14)
w( x = 0, z = 0, t ) = Re a 2 eit
(15)
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Now we can write the force in the vertical direction as a function of the vertical (heave)
acceleration,
2
Fz = Re 2 e kT sin(kB / 2) w(0, 0, t ) .
k
(16)
Lets look at the case where 0 the wavenumber, k = 2 /g 0 , also goes to zero and the
following simplifications can be made:
e kt
1 kT
sin(kB/ 2)
(17)
kB/ 2
(18)
k2
Re 2
FzFK
a (1 kT ) (kB/ 2) eit
(19)
2 it
Re g aB 1
Te
(20)
If we look at the case where 0 and consider the heave restoring coefficient, C33 = g B ,
and the free surface elevation, ( x, t ) = Re a ei (t kx ) we can rewrite this force as
Re {C33 ( x = 0, t )}
FzFK
(21)
SB
= Re i
i a
k
I
nx dS
t
(22)
e kz dz ei (t kB/ 2) ei (t + kB/ 2)
(23)
a 2
kT i t
= Re i
2 sin( kB/ 2)
1 e
e
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(24)
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As frequency approaches zero similar simplifications can be made like above for the vertical
force:
a 2
Re i
( KT ) eit 2 kB/ 2
k
Fx (t )
(25)
u (t ) = Re a ekz ei (t kx )
(26)
u (t ) = Re i a 2 e kz ei (t kx )
(27)
Fx (t )
Re { TB u ( x = 0, z = 0, t )}
(28)
Where TB = , and is the vessel volume such that we are left with the surge force
(29)
C33 + w
(30)
Fx
Fz
-B/2
B/2
T
FxFK
bT u ( x = B/ 2, z = 0, t ) + bT u ( x = B/ 2, z = 0, t )
(31)
( x, t ) = a cos(t kx)
(32)
u ( x, z, t ) = a 2 e kz sin(t kx)
(33)
(34)
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FxFK
(35)
2 b T (a 2 ) cos(kB/ 2) sin(t )
(36)
-B/2
B/2
c
b
Use the same assumptions from above to find the x-force adjusted for the additional pontoon
between the two hulls.
FxFK
2 b T (a 2 ) cos(kB/ 2) sin(t )
+c p ( x = B / 2 + b / 2, z = 0, t )
c p ( x = B / 2 b / 2, z = 0, t )
The last two terms are the adjustment to the force for the addition of the pontoon, FxFK (t ) .
(37)
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(38)
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