Professional Documents
Culture Documents
<5% of total,
1.5-7.5 mg/24-h urine,
0-13 mm/1hr
0-20 mm/1hr
0-10 mm/1hr
0-15 mm/1hr
0-13 mm/1hr
0-2 mm/1hr
17.2 mU/ml
18.8 mU/ml
25-200 ng/ml
200-600 ng/ml
50-200 ng/ml
7-142 ng/ml
Adult males
20-300 ng/ml
Adult females
15-120 ng/ml
Borderline (males or females)
10-20 ng/ml
Iron excess
> 400 ng/ml
Folate, erythrocyte
<1 yr
74-995 ng/ml
1-11 yrs
96-362 ng/ml
12 yrs
180-600 ng/ml
Folate, serum
3.5 g/l
Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin
< 100 g/dl packed red blood
(FEP)
cells (RBCs)
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) erythrocyte
2-17 yrs
6.4-15.6 U/g Hb
18 yrs
8.6-18.6 U/g Hb
Haptoglobins
Genetic absence in 1% of population.
Newborns
Absent in 90%; 10 mg/dl in 10%.
Age: 1-6 mos
Gradual increase to 30 mg/dl
6 mos-17 yrs
40-180 mg/dl
Adults
40-270 mg/dl
Hemoglobin, plasma
18 yrs
< 15 mg/dl
Infants and newborns
May be higher,
Hemoglobin electrophoresis:
HbA
0-30 days
10-40%
6 mos to adult
> 95%
HbA2
0-30 days
< 1%
1yr to adult
1.5-3.0%
3-3.5%(bordrline)
HbF
< 2%
Iron, serum
Newborns
100-250 g/dl
Infants
40-100 g/dl
Children
50-120 g/dl
Adults
Male
65-175 g/dl
Females
50-170 g/dl
Iron, urine
100-300 ng/24hrs
Iron-binding capacity
250-450 g/dl
% saturation
14-50%
Plasma iron turnover rate
38 mg/24hrs(0.47mg/Kg)
Methemoglobin
Red blood cell survival time
(sodium chromat [51Cr])
Reticulocyte count
%
Absolute
Transferrin
Urobilinogen, stool
Urobilinogen, urine
Volume (ml/Kg body weight)
Blood
RBC
Plasma
269
< 3% of total Hb
Half-life: 25-35 days
0.5-1.85% of erhytrocytes
29-87x109/l
240-480 mg/dl
50-300 mg/24hrs
< 4 mg/24hrs
Male
Females
75
67
30
24
44
43
0.3-0.2 mg/dl
9-33 U/l
270
< 18 yrs
Adults (> 18 yrs)
Base, excess
Newborns
Infants
Children
Adults
Bicarbonate
Males
Females
1-2 yrs
1-3 yrs
3-4 yrs
4-5 yrs
4-5 yrs
6-7 yrs
6-7 yrs
8-9 yrs
> 8 yrs
> 10 yrs
Bilirubin
Total
< day
1-2 days
3-5 days
> 1 mo
1 mo to adult
Calcium
Total
1-3 yrs
4-11 yrs
12-13 yrs
14-15 yrs
>16 yrs
Males
Females
1-19 yrs
1-17 yrs
> 20 yrs
> 18 yrs
Carbon dioxide
CO2
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide
(pCO2) (whole blood)
Adults
Infants
Chloride
Cholesterol
Cholinesterase
Plasma
RBC
Complement
0-200 U/l
35-115 U/l
-10 to 2 mEq/l
-7 to 1 mEq/l
-4 to + 2 mEq/l
-3 to +3 mEq/l
17-25 mEq/l
18-26 mEq/l
19-27 mEq/l
20-28 mEq/l
21-29 mEq/l
< 5.8 mg/dl
< 8.2 mg/dl
< 11.7 mg/dl
< 1.0 mg/dl
< 0.6 mg/dl
8.7-9.8 mg/dl
8.8-10.1 mg/dl
8.8-10.6 mg/dl
9.2-10.7 mg/dl
8.9-10.7 mg/dl
Ionized
4.9-5.5 mg/dl
4.75-5.3 mg/dl
17-32 mEq/l
32-48 mmHg
27-41 mmHg
96-109 mEq/l
See table 3.
7-25 U/ml
0.65-1.3 pH units
269
Total complement
25-110 U
Copper
75-145 g/dl
Table 3. Lipid Fractionation: Desirable Levels for Cholesterol and
Triglycerides
Cholesterol (mg/dl)
Triglycerides (mg/dl)
Age
Males
Females
Males
Females
(yrs)
(percentile)
(percentile)
(percentile) (percentile)
5
95
75*
5
95
75*
5
95
5
95
5-9
126-191
172
122-209
173
27-102
34-76
10-14
130-204
179
124-217
174
30-103
33-121
15-19
114-198
167
125-212
175
31-124
32-122
20-24
128-216
185
128-209
181
34-137
32-97
25-29
140-236
202
134-218
190
40-157
33-100
30-34
150-250
216
141-229
199
43-171
35-106
35-39
156-264
226
147-240
209
45-182
38-110
40-44
162-274
235
155-253
219
48-189
40-117
45-49
166-280
242
162-265
229
50-193
41-122
50-54
170-286
246
171-278
241
50-195
43-128
55-59
173-291
250
179-291
253
51-197
45-134
60-64
175-295
253
188-306
265
51-198
47-140
65-69
176-298
255
197-320
278
51-199
50-147
70-74
177-299
256
207-336
291
51-199
52-154
> 74
178-300
257
217-352
306
51-199
54-162
* Seventy-fifth percentile has been recommended as upper limit for serum
cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol.
Tabel 4. Lipid fraction: Desirable Levels for HDL
Cholesterol and LDL Cholesterol
HDL Cholesterol (mg/dl)
LDL Cholesterol (mg/dl)
Age
Males
Females
Males
Females
(yrs)
(percentile)
(percentile)
(percentile)
(percentile)
5
95
75
5
95
75
5
95
75
5
95
75
6-11
30-70
55
34-65
59
60-140
114
60-150
114
12-14
30-65
50
30-65
49
60-140
111
60-150
114
15-19
30-60
53
33-65
47
60-140
113
60-150
118
20-29
30-65
55
34-75
47
60-175
131
60-150
128
30-39
30-70
60
35-80
47
70-190
147
70-170
140
40-49
30-70
63
35-80
47
70-205
160
80-190
150
> 50
30-70
65
35-80
47
80-220
170
80-200
164
HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein.
Kreatin kinase
Males
55-170 U/l
270
Females
45-135 U/l
Creatine kinase isoenzyme MB
< 5%
(CK-MB)
< 10 ng/ml (mass)
Creatinine
< 1wk
0.6-1.1 mg/dl
1-4 wks
0.3-0.7 mg/dl
1-12 mos
0.2-0.4 mg/dl
> 1yr
0.2-0.7 mg/dl
Males
Females
1-2 yrs
1-3 yrs
0.2-0.6 mg/dl
3-4 yrs
4-5 yrs
0.3-0.7 mg/dl
5-9 yrs
6-8 yrs
0.5-0.8 mg/dl
10-11 yrs
> 9 yrs
0.6-0.9 mg/dl
12-13 yrs
0.6-1.0 mg/dl
14-15 yrs
0.7-1.1 mg/dl
> 16 yrs (adult values)
0.8-1.2 mg/dl
Gamma-gluthamyl transferase (GGT)
1-3 yrs
6-19 U/l
4-6 yrs
10-22 U/l
7-9 yrs
13-25 U/l
Males
Females
10-11 yrs
17-30 U/l
17-28 U/l
12-13 yrs
17-44 U/l
14-25 U/l
14-15 yrs
12-33 U/l
14-26 U/l
16-19 yrs
11-34 U/l
11-28 U/l
Glucose (fasting)
60-120 mg/dl (depends on method)
Ketons
1-6 mg/dl
Lactate
6.3-18.9 mg/dl
Lactate dehydrogenase (LD)
Newborn
160-1500 U/l
Infant
150-360 U/l
Child
150-300 U/l
Adult
100-250 U/l
LD isoenzymes
LD-1
17-28%
LD-2
30-36%
LD-3
19-25%
LD-4
10-16%
LD-5
6-13%
Lead
Adults
< 20 g/dl
< 15 yrs
< 10 g/dl
Lipid fractionation:
269
500-700 mg/dl
150 250 mg/dl,
60-75% (113 175 mg/dl)
25% (37 75 mg/dl).
180-320 mg/dl
50-150 mg/dl
10-35 mg/dl(239-843 Eq/l)
Table 5. Lipoproteins
Components (%)
Density
ELFO
%
(g/ml)
P*
TG Cho**l Ph***
Chylomicrons
0.96
2
90
5
3
Last at start
VLDL
0.96-1.006
10
60
12
18
Pre-beta 10-20
IDL
1.006-1.019 10
40
30
20 Large beta
LDL
1.019-1.063 25
10
50
15
Beta1
50-60
HDL
1.063-1.21
50
5
10
15
Alpha1
25-35
* Proteins; ** Cholesterol; *** Phospholipids
Fraction
Magnesium
ionized
Myoglobin (serum[S])
Osmolality
Osmolarity (Osmotic concentration)
Osmotic pressure
Chryoscopic point
Corrected osmolar activity
Plasma resistivity
Oxygen
Saturatio, arterial
Tension, partial pressure of
Oxygen (pO2), arterial while
Breathing air room
Newborns
< 60 yrs
60 yrs
70 yrs
80 yrs
90 yrs
pH, arterial
pH, venous
Posphatase, alkaline (ALP)
1-3 yrs
4-6 yrs
7-9 yrs
Males
1.7-2.3 mg/dl
1.6-3 mEq/l
< 90 ng/ml
275-295 mOsm/Kg
280-320 mOsm/l
7.6 atm/5450 mmHg
0.56 0.1 oC
282.5 mOsm/l
70-72 ohm
96-100% of capacity
60-75 mmHg
> 85 mmHg
> 80 mmHg
> 70 mmHg
> 60 mmHg
> 50 mmHg
7.35-7.45
7.32-7.38
145-320 U/l
150-380 U/l
175-420 U/l
Females
270
10-11 yrs
12-13 yrs
14-15 yrs
16-19 yrs
Phosphate
Newborns
Adult
Potassium
1-15 yrs
16-59 yrs
> 60 yrs
Proteins,serum
< 5 days
1-3 yrs
4-6 yrs
7-9 yrs
10-19 yrs
135-530 U/l
200-495 U/l
130-525 U/l
65-260 U/l
130-560 U/l
105-420 U/l
70-230 U/l
50-130 U/l
4.6-8.0 mg/dl
2.8-4.6 mg/dl
Total (g/dl)
5.4-7.0
5.9-7.0
5.9-7.8
6.2-8.1
6.3-8.6
< 1 yr
1-3 yrs
4-9 yrs
10-19 yrs
Electrophoresis
Albumin
Globulin
Alpha 1
Alpha 2
Beta
Gamma
Sodium, ionized
Transaminases
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST/GOT)
1-3 yrs
4-6 yrs
7-9 yrs
10-11 yrs
Males
12-15 yrs
15-40 U/l
16-19 yrs
15-45 U/l
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT/GPT)
1-3 yrs
4-6 yrs
7-9 yrs
Males
3.7-5.0 mEq/l
3.6-4.8 mEq/l
3.9-5.3 mEq/l
Albumin (g/dl)
2.6-3.6
3.4-4.2
3.5-5.2
3.7-5.6
3.7-5.6
Globulin (g/dl)
0.4-3.7
1.6-3.5
1.9-3.4
1.9-3.5
3.1-4.3 g/dl
0.1-0.3 g/dl (4%)
0.6-1.0 g/dl (8%)
0.7-1.4 g/dl (12%)
0.0-1.6 g/dl (16%)
135-145 mEq/l
20-60 U/l
15-50 U/l
15-40 U/l
10-60 U/l
Females
10-30 U/l
5-30 U/l
5-45 U/l
10-25 U/l
10-35 U/l
Females
269
10-11 yrs
10-35 U/l
10-30 U/l
12-13 yrs
10-55 U/l
10-30 U/l
14-15 yrs
10-45 U/l
5-30 U/l
16-19 yrs
10-40 U/l
5-35 U/l
Troponin I
< 1.6 ng/ml
Troponin T
< 0.1 ng/ml
Ureea nitrogen blood (BUN)
1-3 yrs
5-17 mg/dl
4-13 yrs
7-17 mg/dl
14-19 yrs
8-21 mg/dl
Uric acid
Males (mg/dl)
Females (mg/dl)
10-11 yrs
2.3-5.4
3.0-4.7
16-19 yrs
4.0-8.6
3.0-5.9
Viscosity (correlates with fibrinogen,
high-density lipoprotein cholesterol)
Plasma
1.380.08 relative units
Serum
1.260.08 relative units
Zinc
78-162 g/dl
60-80 ml/h,
20-30 mEq/l,
2-3 mEq/h,
180-250 ml/h,
60-80 mEq/l,
16-20 mEq/h.
100-200 g
up to 75%
200-250 mOsm
7.0-7.5 (may be acid with high
lactose intake)
< 2.5 g/day
5-20 mEq/Kg
10-20 mEq/Kg
< 200 mEq/Kg
270
Coproporphyrin
Trypsin
Urobilinogen
Microscopic examination
RBCs
Epithelial cells
WBCs
Undigested vegetable fibers and muscle fibers
Neutral fat globules (stained with Sudan)