Professional Documents
Culture Documents
AND SCIENCE
Course File
II Year B.Tech (EEE) I Semester
Contents
1.
Syllabus
2.
Objective
3.
Lesson Plan
4.
5.
Question Bank
6.
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
Syllabus
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU
TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ANANTAPUR
B.Tech II-I Sem. (E.E.E)
Course Objective
This course introduces the basic concepts of circuit analysis which is the foundation for all
subjects of the Electrical Engineering discipline. The emphasis of this course is laid on the basic
analysis of circuits which includes Single phase circuits, magnetic circuits, theorems, transient
analysis and network topology.
DEPARTMENT OF EEE
LESSON PLAN
Academic Year:
S.No
Dates
Periods
Topic to be covered
In week
No. of
Periods
Periods
Per unit
Requd.
Unit I: Introduction to electrical circuits
1
4
2
Problems
5
3
10
5
5
Unit IV:
7
parallel circuits
4
8
5
11
2
8
12
13
4
14
voltage sources
Duality
problems
15
8
Unit VIII: Network Theorems-II
16
Tellegens theorem
Reciprocity theorem
sinusoidal excitations
17
18
2
Total Available
75
Total Required
75
Date: 04/08/2012(FN)
Time: 90 Min
Date: 04/08/2012(FN)
Time: 20 Min
2. Determine the Leq of a parallel combination of 100 mH, 50mH and 10mH..
a) 7.69 mH
b) 8mH
c) 6.9mH
d) 7.2mH
3. If a resistor has 5.5 V across it and 3mA flowing through it, what is the power [
a) 19mW
b) 16.5mW
c) 18.5mW
d) 15.5 mW
[
d) voltage division
6. If a network contains B branches, and N nodes, then the number of mesh current
Equations should be
[
a) B-(N+1)
b) B-(N-1)
c) B+(N-1)
d) B+(N+1)
7. If R1 and R2 are in series to the voltage of V volts, then drop across R2 is
[
a) V. R2/(R1+R2)
b) V. R2/(R1-R2)
c) V/(R1+R2)
d) V. R2/(R1R2)
8. The total power in a series circuit is 10W. there are five equal valve resistors in
the circuit. How much power does each resistor dissipates
[
a) 6W
b) 5W
c) 4W
d) 2W
9. Apparent power expressed in
a) KW
b) KVAR
[
c) VA
d) no units
10. A sinusoidal current has peak value of 12A. what is its average value [
a) 8.65A
b) 6.94A
c) 5.39A
d) 7.64A
11. How many cycles a sine wave go through in 10 sec, if frequency is s60 Hz
[
a) 600 cycles
b) 500 cycles
c) 400 cycles
d) 700 cycles
12. What is the average value of a sine wave over a full cycle
a) 0.66
b) 1.775
c) zero
d) .735
13. In pure inductive circuit, relation between voltage and current are
a) Current leads voltage by 90o
b) Current lags voltage by 90o
c) Current and voltage in phase
c) Current lags voltage by 25o
15. In a series RLC circuit operating below the resonant frequency, the current
[
]
a) I lags Vs
b) I leads Vs
c) I and Vs are in phase
d) none of the above
16. In a certain series resonant circuit, VC =150V, VL = 150V and VR = 50V.
what is the valve of source voltage.
a) 60V
b) 70V
c) 50V
d) 100V
Ans:
19. The power consumed in the circuit element will be least when the phase difference
between the current and voltage is
Ans:
20. Draw the current and impedance characteristics of the RLC series circuit at resonance?
Ans:
2. For the circuit shown in fig find the voltage across the 4ohm resistor by using nodal analysis.
3. Two coils connected series have an equivalent inductance of 0.4H when connected in aiding,
and an equivalent inductance 0.2H when the connection is opposing. Calculate the mutual
inductance of the coils
[
]
a) 0.05H
b) 0.02H
c) 0.04H
d) 0.06H
4. Dot convention in coupled circuits is used to determine the
a) polarity of the mutually induced voltage in coils. b) mutual inductance
c) self induced voltages in the coils
d) coefficient of coupling
6. A network has 10 nodes and 17 branches the number of different mode pair voltages would be [
a) 45
b) 25
c) 35
d) 55
] a)
b) source current
c) source voltage
d) source power
11. The power dissipation in each of three parallel branches is 1w. What is the total power
dissipation of the circuit is
[
a) 2W
b) 3W
c) 4W
d) 5W
a) non linear
b) linear circuits
[
c) both
[
c) Single source circuits. d) all of the above
[
c) conservation of energy d) faradays law
[
d) all of the above
[
18. Writre the incidence matrix for the following oriented network
c) 25% efficiency
d) 75%efficiency
2. (a) Write a note on resistance and V-I relationship with suitable examples.
(b) A saw tooth voltage as shown in figure is applied to a capacitor of C= 30micro Farad.
Find the capacitor current.
4. (a) Derive an expression for the energy stored in an inductor and a capacitor.
(b) When a dc voltage is applied to a capacitor, the voltage across its terminals is found to build
up in accordance with VC = 50(1-e-100t). After a lapse of 0.01 s, the current flow is equal to
2 mA.
i. Find the value of capacitance in microfarads
ii. How much energy is stored in the electric field at this time?
5. (a) Explain about the source transformation techniques.
(b) Find the equivalent voltage and current source representation of the following network across
AB.
Objective Questions:
1. Determine the voltage of 100J/25C.[4v]
2. Determine the current if a 10 coulomb charge passes a point in 0.5 sec.[ 20 A ]
3. Identify the passive element among the following[ Inductor ]
4. Determine the total inductance of a parallel combination of 100 mH, 50mH and 10mH..
Ans: 7.69 mH
5. Determine the charge when C = 0.001 F and v = 1 kV[ 1c ]
6. If the voltage across a given capacitor is increased, does the amount of stored energy
Ans: increases
7. How much energy is stored by a 0.05F capacitor with a voltage of 100V.. [0.025J ]
8. Which of the following is an ideal voltage source?
Ans: voltage Independent of current.
9. How much energy is stored by a 100mH inductance with a current of 1A?
Ans:0.05 J
10. If a resistor has 5.5 V across it and 3mA flowing through it, what is the power?
Ans:16.5mWs
Question Bank
3. Find the node voltages V1,V2 and V3 in the network of fig, And find the current Ix.
4. (a) Two resistances when they are in series have an equivalent resistance of 9 ohms and when
Connected in parallel have an equivalent resistance of 2 ohms. Find the resistance and the
ratio of the voltage and current sharing between these elements if supply voltage is 100v.
(b) Find the equivalent resistance between the terminals AB in the network shown in the
figure, if each has a resistance of R ohms and hence find the total current, current through
each element if the voltage is 45v.
Objective questions:
1. Mesh analysis is based on ..[ kirchoffs voltage law ]
2. The nodal method of circuit analysis is based on [ kirchoffcurrent law ]
3. The network has 10 nodes and 17 branches. The number of different node pair voltage
would be
Ans: 45
4. If a network contains B branches, and N nodes, then the number of mesh current equations
should be
Ans: B-(N-1)
5. A network has seven nodes and five independent loops. The number of branches in the
network is
Ans: 11
6. If one of the resistors in a parallel circuit is removed, what happens to the total resistance
Ans: Increases
7. The total power in a series circuit is 10W. there are five equal valve resistors in the circuit.
How much power does each resistor dissipates
Ans: 2 W
8. Six light bulbs are connected in parallel across 110V. Each bulb is related at 75 W. How much
current flows through each bulb.
Ans: 0.682 A
9. If R1 and R2 are connected in series to the voltage of V volts, then drop across R2 is
Ans: R2 = V . R2/(R1+R2)
10. If R1 and R2 are connected in paralell to the voltage of V volts, then current through R2 is
Ans: I2 = I . R1/(R1+R2)
lags behind the voltage by one sixth of a cycle. Write the expressions for instantaneous
values of voltage and current.
Objective Questions:
1. How many cycles does a sine wave go through in 10 sec when its frequency is 60 Hz.
Ans: 600 cycles
2. If the peak value of a certain sine wave voltage is 10 V, What is the peak to peak value.
Ans: 20V
3. If the peak value of a certain sine wave voltage is 5 V, What is the RMS value.
Ans: 3.535V
4. What is the average value of a sine wave over a full cycle?
Ans: Zero
5. A sinusoidal current has peak value of 12A. what is its average value
Ans: 7.64 A
6. In a pure resistor, the voltage and current are
Ans: in phase
7. The rms current through a 10 k resistor is 5mA. What is the rms voltage drop across the
Resistor
Ans: 50 V
8. When the frequency of applied voltage in a series RL circuit is increased, what happens to the
Inductive reactance?
Ans: Increases
9. What is the phase angle between the inductor current and the applied voltage in a parallel
RL circuit?
Ans: 90o
10. The phasor combination of resistive power and reactive power is called
Ans: Apparent power
11. Apparent power expressed in
Ans: volt-amperes
13. A power factor of 0 indicates
Ans:purely resistive element
Objective Questions:
1. What is the use of locus diagram?
Ans: Determining the response of RLC circuit when one of its parameter is varied while the
frequency and voltage kept constant.
2. In pure inductive circuit, relation between voltage and current are
Ans: Current lags voltage by 90o
3. The frequency at which resonance occurs is called.Resonant Frequency
4. The formula for resonant frequency fr = 1/(2
ASSIGNMENT-V
DATE: 15/09/2012
2. (a) Explain the terms magnetic eld strength, magnetic ux and magnetic ux density.
(b) Dene coecient of coupling. What is its range of vasiatim? In which type of circuits it is
minimum and which type of circuits it is maximum?
(c) The combined inductance of two coils connected in series are 0.6 H and 0.1 H in series aiding and
Series opposing connections. If the self inductance of each coil is 0.2H, nd the coecient of
coupling
3. (a) write a short note on dot convention used in magnetically coupled coils.
(b) In the network shown in Fig. 5, L1=1H, L2=2H, M=1.2 H. Assuming the inductance coils to be
ideal nd the amount of energy stored after 0.1 sec of the circuit connected to a d.c. source of 10v.
4. (a) Define MMF, Flux and Reluctance
(b) What is a magnetic circuit? Compare magnetic circuit with an electric circuit.
(c) Find the total inductance of the three series connected coupled coils as shown in gure
Objective questions:
1. Mutual inductance is a property associated with two or more magnetic coupling.
2. The maximum value of the coefficient of coupling is 100%
3. The maximum possible mutual inductance of two inductively coupled coils with self inductances
L1=25mH and L2=100mH is 50mH.
4. The case for which the coefficient of coupling K=1 is called perfect coupling (true/false).
5. The value of coefficient of coupling is less for air cored coupled circuits compared to the iron cored
coupled circuits.
6. Dot convention in coupled circuits is used to determine the polarity of the mutually induced voltage in coils.
7. Two coils connected in series have an equivalent inductance of 3H when connected in aiding .If the self
inductance of first coil is 1H,the self inductance of second coil(assume M=0.5H) is 1H.
8. Mutually induced voltage is present independently of, and in addition to, the voltage due to self
induction.(True/false)
9. Give the relation between flux and reluctance and mmf. Ans: Reluctance=mmf/flux
10. Two coils connected series have an equivalent inductance of 0.4H when connected in aiding, and an
equivalent inductance 0.2H when the connection is opposing. Calculate the mutual inductance of the coils
Ans: m=0.05H
DATE:
power dissipated
shown in fig
2. For the circuit shown in fig find the voltage across the 4ohm resistor by using nodal analysis.
3. (a) Explain the procedure for obtaining fundamental tie set matrix of given network.
(b) For the circuit shown in fig given below drawn the graph and tree.
4. Determine the voltages at each node for the circuit shown in fig
Objective questions:
1.The number of branches in atree is less than the number of branches in a graph.
2.The tie set schedule gives the relation between branch currents and link currents.
3.Mesh analysis is based on Kirchhoff s voltage law.
4.If a network contain B branches,N nodes,then the number of mesh current equations would be B-(N-1).
5.Anetwork has 10 nodes and 17 branches.the number of different mode pair voltages would be 45.
6.The nodal method of circuit analysis is based on KCL and ohms law.
7.A network has seven nodes and five independent loops.The number of branches in the network is 11.
8.Apractical voltage source consists of an ideal voltage source in series with an internal resistance.
9.The cut set schedule gives the relation between branch voltages and tree branch voltages.
10.Apractical current source consists of an ideal current source in parallel with an impedance.
ASSIGNMENT-VII
DATE: 30/08/2012
Objective questions:
1. If a resistor has 5.5V across it and 3mA flowing through it, what is the power 16.5mW
2. A 100 ohm resistor is connected across the terminals of a 2.5V battery. The power dissipation
in the resistor is 100W.
3. If the voltage across capacitor is increased, does the amount of stored charge increases
4. If one of the resistors in parallel circuit is removed, total resistance increases.
5. The power dissipation in each of three parallel branches is 1w. What is the total power
dissipation of the circuit is 3W
6. A When a 1.2kohm resistor, 100 ohm resistor and 50 ohm resistor are in parallel, the total
resistance is less than 50 ohm.
7. Certain series has a100 ohm, a 270 ohm, and a 330 ohm resistor in series .If the 270 ohm
resistor is removed, the current increases.
8. Total inductance of parallel combination of 100mH, 50mH and 10Mh is 7.69mH
9. Kircoffs law is valid for Both Dc and AC circuits.
10. The current if a10coulomb charge passes a point in 0.5 seconds is 20A.
ASSIGNMENT-VIII
DATE: 30/08/2012
Obective questions:
1. Three equal resistances of 3 ohm are connected in star . The resistance in one of the arms in equivalent
delta circuit is 9 ohm.
2. Super position theorem is valid only for linear circuits.
3. Nortons equivalent circuit consists of current source in parallel with impedance .
4. Maximum power is transferred when load impedance is equal to source impedance.
5. When the superposition theorem is applied to any circuit,the dependent voltage source in that
circuit is always active.
6. Super position theorem is not applicable to networks containing non linear elements.
7. Nortons theorem is the dual of Thevenins theorem.
8. Reciprocity theorem is applicable only to Single source circuits.
9. Tellegans theorem is based on Conservation of energy.
10. The reciprocity theorem is applicable to Linear and bilateral networks only.
B.Tech II Year I Semester (R09) Regular and Supplementary Examinations, November 2012
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
(Common to EEE, EIE, E.Con.E, ECE and ECC)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
*****
1 (a)
(b)
What are the passive and active elements? Explain the volt-current relationship of
passive elements with examples.
Find the source current in figure below.
2 (a)
(b)
3 (a)
(b)
4 (a)
(b)
Derive the expression for figure of merit in terms of inductance and capacitance.
A coil of inductance 0.1H and resistance 10 ohms is connected in series with a
capacitor of 0.1 micro farads. Find frequency of resonance of the circuit, also find
quality factor of the circuit at resonance.
5 (a)
(b)
Define: (i) Flux. (ii) mmf (iii) Reluctance. (iv) Magnetic field intensity.
A coil is wound uniformly with 400 turns over an iron ring having a mean
Circumference of 50 c.m and a cross section of 0.4 cm2. If the coil has resistance of
10 and is connected across a 50 V D.C supply, Calculate the mmf of the coil,
magnetic field strength, magnetic field density, total flux and reluctance of the ring.
Contd. in Page 2
6 (a)
(b)
*****
Page 2 of 2
Code: 9A02305
B.Tech II Year I Semester (R09) Regular and Supplementary Examinations, November 2012
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
(Common to EEE, EIE, E.Con.E, ECE and ECC)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
*****
1 (a)
(b)
Explain the difference between active elements and passive elements with suitable examples.
Find the condition when the circuit current is maximum in figure below.
2 (a)
(b)
3 (a)
(b)
Derive the basic equation of an alternating quantity. Hence state its various forms
A 50 Hz sinusoidal voltage applied to a single phase circuit has its RMS value of 200 V its
value at t = 0 is 28.3 volt positive. The current drawn by the circuit is 5A RMS and lags behind
the voltage by one sixth of a cycle. Write the expressions for instantaneous values of voltage
and current.
4 (a)
(b)
Derive the expressions for selectivity and bandwidth of anti resonant circuit.
A parallel circuit has a fixed capacitor and variable inductor having constant quality factor of 4.
Find the value of inductance and capacitance for circuit impedance of 1000 ohms at
resonating frequency 2.4 MHz What is the band width of the circuit?
Contd. in page 2
Page 1 of 2
Code: 9A02305
5 (a)
(b)
(c)
6 (a)
(b)
In the circuit shown, find voltage across terminals A and B using Nortons theorem.
8 (a)
(b)
***** Page
2 of 2
Code: 9A02305
B.Tech II Year I Semester (R09) Regular and Supplementary Examinations, November 2012
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
(Common to EEE, EIE, E.Con.E, ECE and ECC)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
*****
1 (a)
(b)
2 (a)
(b)
3 (a)
(b)
Define the following terms: (i) Admittance. (ii) Conductance. (iii) Susceptence.
In a particular circuit a voltage of 10 V at 25 Hz produces 100 mA while the same voltage at
75 Hz produces 60 mA draw the circuit diagram and insert the values of the constants. At
what frequency will the value of impedance be twice as that 25 Hz.
4 (a)
(b)
5 (a)
(b)
Derive the expression for equivalent inductance of two coils connected in parallel opposing.
Two coupled coils with respect to self inductances L1 = 0.6 H, L2 = 0.4 H having a k = 0.4.Coil
2 has 100 turns. The current in coil 1 is I1 = 10sin200t A. determine the voltage at coil 2 and
maximum flux set up by coil 1.
Contd. in Page 2
Page 1 of 2
Code: 9A02305
6 (a)
(b)
7 (a)
(b)
8 (a)
(b)
*****
Page 2 of 2
Code: 9A02305
B.Tech II Year I Semester (R09) Regular and Supplementary Examinations, November 2012
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
(Common to EEE, EIE, E.Con.E, ECE and ECC)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
*****
1 (a)
(b)
2 (a)
(b)
With three mesh general circuits explain the mesh analysis to find the loop currents.
Determine the current through 6 ohm resistor and the power supplied by the current
source for the circuit shown in the figure.
3 (a)
(b)
4 (a)
(b)
Derive the expressions for bandwidth, resonant frequency, quality factor and half
power frequency of RLC parallel circuits.
A variable frequency constant voltage signal generator supplies a RLC circuit at
sinusoidal mode. Find the frequency at which maximum voltage across the inductor
should appear.
Contd. in Page 2
Page 1 of 2
Code: 9A02305
5 (a)
(b)
6 (a)
(b)
7 (a)
(b)
8 (a)
(b)
Code: 9A02305
Electrical Machines-I
Syllabus
ELECTRICAL MACHINES-1
Code: 9A02305
Unit-6: DC Motors
DC Motors Principle of operation - Back EMF - Torque equation - Characteristics and application of shunt, series
and compound motors Armature Reaction and commutation.
Unit-8:Testing Of Dc Machines
Testing of Dc Machines : Losses Contant & Variable losses calculation of Efficiency
condition for maximum efficiency - Methods of testing-direct, indirect and regenerative testing
brake test - swinburnes test hopkinsons test Fields test Retardation test
Separation of stray losses in dc motor test
TEXT BOOKS:
1.Electrical Machines P.S.Bimbra,Khanna Publishers
2.Fundamentals of Electrical Machines By B.R. Gupta,Vandana Singhal,3rd Edition ,New Age International
Publishers.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1.Performance And Design Of Dc Machines By Clayton & Hancock,BPB Publishers
Code: 9A02305
2.Electrical Machinery A E Fitzgerald, C.Kingsley And S.Umans,Mc Graw-Hill Companies,5th Edition
3.Electrical Machines By I.J. Nagrath & D.P. Kothari, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishers,3rd Edition,2004
Code: 9A02305
Objective
Objective
Code: 9A02305
Code: 9A02305
Lesson Plan
PBR VISVODAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE
BRANCH: EEE
S.No
Dates
Y. VAMSI BABU
No.of
periods
No.of
Topic to be covered
In week
Periods
required
No of
periods
/ unit
1
Introduction to Unit-1
2
1
10
Code: 9A02305
Unit:2 Dc generators:
Operating principle
5
Constructional features
4
10
Unit-3:
2
armature reaction
2
Cross & demagnetizing AT/pole
1
problems
1
Compensating winding
2
Methods of improving commutation
1
Problems solved
Reactance voltage
Problems
Slip test-1
1
13
Unit 4:
Methods of excitation
Code: 9A02305
Characteristics of DC Generators
2
1
2
10
11
5
Unit-5:load characteristic of generatorshunt, series& compound
1
Parallel operation of dc series generator
11
Load sharing
2
12
13
Types of DC Motors
Torque equation
Code: 9A02305
14
4
Problems on shaft and arm.torque
2
09
Unit 7:
15
problems
2
Principle of 3 point starters
1
Principle of 4 point starters
16
09
Problems
Unit-8:testing of dc machines
1
17
18
3
separation of stray losses in dc motor test
1
Total
Faculty Signature
06
80
HOD Signature
Code: 9A02305
DEPT. OF EEE
DATE:5/9/12[AN]
MID-I (DESCRIPTIVE)
Name: ________
SUB: EM-1
Time:1hr 30min.
Branch ________
Code: 9A02305
Name: _______________________ Roll number ______________Branch
__________________________________________________________________________
1..EMF induced in a coil rotating in a uniform magnetic field will be maximum when the
a) flux linking with the coil is maximum
3.In small DC machines, armature slots are sometimes not made axial but are skewed, results
a)quiter operation b)slight decrease in losses c)saving of copper d)both a & b [
4.A 4-pole, 12-slot lap-wound d.c. armature has two coil-sides/slot. Assuming single turn coils and progressive
winding, the back pitch would be
[
]
(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 3 (d) 6
5. Lap winding is suitable for ............ current, ............ voltage d.c. generators. [
(a) high, low (b) low, high (c) low, low (d) high, high
6.The critical resistance of the d.c. generator is the resistance of
(a) field current (b) pole flux (c) number of armature parallel paths
(d) number of dummy coils
8..In a dc machine ,the armature reaction and the inductance of commutating coils results in
a)over commutation
b)under commutation
c)linear commutation
d)sinusoidal commutation
Code: 9A02305
9. If the applied voltage to dc machine is 230V, then back emf for max power
developed is
a)200V
[
b) 230V c) 115V
d) 460V
DEPT. OF EEE
MID-II (DESCRIPTIVE)
Roll number __________
SUB: EM-1
Time:1hr 30min.
Branch ________
Code: 9A02305
2. a)Explain the scheme to control the speed of a DC shunt motor below its rated speed?
b)A 200v shunt motor has armature and field resistances of 0.1 and 240 respectively.The rotational losses
are equal to 236w.Determine the mechanical power developed and the full load efficiency when the machine is
on full load taking a line current of 9.8A and running at 1450 rpm.
3.Explain Hopkinsons test with neat sketch and derive the relations for efficiency of motor and also the machine
which is acting as generator?
4. a) A 250v DC shunt machine has a line current of 80A,it has armature and field resistances of 0.1 & 125
respectively.Calculate the power developed in armature when running as
1)generator 2)motor
b)list the applications of varios types of DC motors and also its characteristics?
5. a)A 200v Dc shunt machine has armature and field resistances of 0.2 and 200 respectively.
The line current is 40A.Find
1)output as generator 2)input as motor 3)power developed in armature
b)A 440v Dc shunt motor takes a no load current of 25A.The resistance of the shunt field and the armature are
550 and 1.2 respectively . The full load line current is 32A.Find the full load output and efficiency of the
motor.
Code: 9A02305
b) shunt
c) compound
d) all
b) Iron losses
c) stray losses
d) copper losses
7.The economical method for finding no load losses of a large DC shunt motor is
a)retardation test b) hopkinsons test c) brake test d) swinburnes test
presence
Code: 9A02305
8. If the applied voltage to dc machine is 230V, then back emf for max power developed [
a)200V
b) 230V c) 115V
d) 460V
a) Motor will burn b) Motor will make noise c)Motor will stop d) motor will pick up high speed
11. For a given DC motor, the speed depends upon
b) series
c) shunt
[ ]
d) none
c)applied voltage
d) all
Code: 9A02305
Question Bank
ELECTRICAL MACHINES -1
UNIT-1
DESCRIPTIVE
1.a) Distinguish between singly excited and multi excited magnetic field systems.
b) Define field energy and co-energy. Give the significance of co-energy. Give the
significance of co-energy in the derivation of torque or force in an electro mechanical
energy conversion device.
2.State and explain the basic phenomena which are responsible for energy conversion in an
electromechanical energy conversion device.
3.a) Mention the advantages of analyzing energy conversion devices by field-energy concept.
b) With neat relevant diagrams derive the expression for mechanical force of a singly-excited
system when it is controlled by current.
4.a) An exciting coil of a rectangular electromagnetic relay has 2000 turns. The cross-section of
the core is 6 x 6 cm2. Neglecting fringing effect and reluctance of magnetic circuit, calculate the
maximum force acting on the armature if the flux density in the core is 0.6 T.
b)With neat sketch & explain the multiple-excited magnetic field system in electromechanical
energy conversion systems. Also obtain the expression for field energy in the system.
OBJECTIVE
1. For a linear electromagnetic circuit field energy isco-energy
a) equal
b) stator field only c) stator, rotor field strength and torque angle
Code: 9A02305
6.The developed electro-magnetic force and/or torque in electro-mechanical energy conversion system act in
a direction that tends
[
]
a)to increase the stored energy at const flux b) to decrease the stored energy at const flux
c) to decrease the co-energy at const. mmf d) to decrease the stored energy at const mmf
7.In eletromechanical energy conversion devices(eg. Generators and motors),a small airgap is left between
the stator and the rotor in order to
[
]
a)reduce the reluctance of the magnetic path b)increase the flux density in the airgap
c)permit mechanical clearance
windings,
Code: 9A02305
OBJECTIVE
1.DC generator operates on the principle
a)electro magnetic induction b) Lenz's law c) Biov Savart's law d) none of these
2.EMF induced in a coil rotating in a uniform magnetic field will be maximum when the
a) flux linking with the coil is maximum
minimum
3.A wave winding must go at least ............ around the armature before it closes back where it started.
[
]
(a) once (b) twice (c) thrice (d) four times
Code: 9A02305
4.The d.c. armature winding in which coil sides are a pole pitch apart is called ............ winding.
(a) multiplex (b) fractional-pitch (c) full-pitch (d) pole-pitch
5.In small DC machines, armature slots are sometimes not made axial but are skewed, results
a)quiter operation b)slight decrease in losses c)saving of copper d)both a & b [
6.A 4-pole, 12-slot lap-wound d.c. armature has two coil-sides/slot. Assuming single turn coils and
progressive winding, the back pitch would be
[
]
(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 3 (d) 6
7. Lap winding is suitable for ............ current, ............ voltage d.c. generators. [
(a) high, low (b) low, high (c) low, low (d) high, high
8.The critical resistance of the d.c. generator is the resistance of
UNIT-3
DESCRIPTIVE
1.a) What is the purpose of compensating winding? Explain in detail.
b) Explain the effects of armature reaction in DC generators.
2.a)Explain why in dc generators, the polarity of inter-pole must be the same as that of the
main pole ahead of it in the direction of rotation.
b)A 4-pole dc generator supplies a current of 143 A. It has 492 armature conductors
connected in lap method. Calculate the de-magnetizing ampere turns per pole. The field
winding is connected in shunt and takes 2 A. Find the number of extra shunt field turns
necessary to neutralize this de-magnetisation. When delivering full-load, the brushes are given
a lead of 100 mechanical.
Code: 9A02305
OBJECTIVE
1.Define commutation_____________
2.The armature of a dc machine is laminated to reduce ____________
3.To have sparkless commutation armature reaction effect in dc machine is neutralised by
_____________
4.In a 6 pole dc machine 90 elec deg correspond to ____mech deg
5.The armature mmf wave in dc machine is _________
6.If armature current in a dc machine is increased to double its previous value and time of commutation is
halved ,the reactance voltage will be_________
7.The main reason for providing compensating winding in a dc generator is to __________________
8.what is the purpose of commutator in a dc machine_____________
9.write down the methods to improve commutation____________
10.In a dc machine ,the armature reaction and the inductance of commutating coils results in
a)over commutation
b)under commutation
c)linear commutation
d)sinusoidal commutation
UNIT-4
Code: 9A02305
DESCRIPTIVE
1.a)Explain how will you determine critical speed of a DC machine with a neat circuit
diagram.
b)Explain the following with the help of neat diagrams:
(i) Cumulative compounding and (ii) Differential compounding of dc machines.
2.Explain how the magnetization characteristic of a dc machine can be obtained
experimentally. Explain the procedure to obtain critical values of field resistance and speed
3.a) Discuss the process of self-excitation in a dc machine.
What conditions must be fulfilled for self-excitation?
b) A short-shunt compound generator has armature, series-field and shunt-field resistances of
0.8 , 0.6 and 45 respectively. The machine supplies a load of 5 kW at 250 V.
Calculate the emf generated in the armature and armature current.
4.a)What are the methods of excitation of dc generators? Explain with the help of diagrams.
b) A 6-pole generator has 1000 armature conductors and is wave-wound. If the flux per pole is
0.02 Wb and the speed is 500 rpm, calculate the emf generated. If the above machine is selfexcited, and the armature and field resistances are 0.5 and 250 respectively, calculate the
output current when the armature current is 40 A.
OBJECTIVE
1.The critical resistance of the d.c. generator is the resistance of
Code: 9A02305
10. If the applied voltage to dc machine is 230V, then back emf for max power
developed is
a)200V
[
b) 230V
c) 115V
d) 460V
UNIT-5
DESCRIPTIVE
1.a) Draw and explain the load characteristics of dc shunt generator.
b) Eight shunt generators are running in parallel. Each generator supplies a load current of
400A
at 310V. The field current of each generator is 4A and the armature resistance is 0.04 . If one generator
is suddenly switched off, determine the percentage change of terminal voltage, the total load current being
kept unchanged
2.a)Discuss the need for parallel operation of generators. Explain the load sharing of DC shunt
generators operating in parallel.
b)Sketch and explain the load characteristics of DC generators, also give their fields of
application.
3.What is the experimental procedure to obtain the load characteristics of dc compound
generator? Explain.
4.a)Explain the parallel operation of two dc series generators with equalizer-bar connection
and hence narrate the necessity of equalizer-bar connection.
b)Two dc shunt generators operating in parallel. The generator-1 and generator-2 are
inducing emfs of 220 V and 210 V, and have armature resistances of 0.7 and 0.5
respectively. The common load is 30kW.Calculate the load sharing between the generators.
OBJECTIVE
1.The load characteristics of shunt generator are drooping in nature.(True/ False)
2. A dc series generator is used as variable voltage generator (True./ False)
Code: 9A02305
Code: 9A02305
OBJECTIVE
1. When the speed of a DC motor increases,its armature current
a) increases
b) decreases
2. A cumulatively compounded motor does not run at dangerous speed at light loads because of the
presence of
b) shunt
c) compound
d) all
b) torque Ia
b) series
c) shunt
d) none
a) Motor will burn b) Motor will make noise c)Motor will stop d) motor will pick up high speed
8.Over heating of DC motor is due to ____________________________
9. The current drawn by a 220V DC motor of armature resistance 0.5 ohm and back emf 200V
is_____________________
10.Large variable speed dc motors are fitted with compensating windings to ______
UNIT-7
DESCRIPTIVE
1 .a)What is a starter?Explain the necessity of starters in DC motors?
Code: 9A02305
2)motor
b) What are the different speed control methods of DC shunt motor? Explain each method
and enumerate advantages and disadvantages.
4. A 200V dc shunt motor takes 22A at rated voltage and run at 1000rpm.
R sh =100, Ra=0.1.Calculate extra resistance in armature circuit to reduce speed to
800rpm. When a)load torque is independent of speed b)load torque (speed)
c)load torque (speed)2
OBJECTIVE
1.The speed of a DC motor can be controlled by changing
a) its flux
c)applied voltage
d) all
[
d) Constant power
4. In flux control method of speed control of dc shunt motor, speeds above rated speeds is
possible(T/F)
5.Motor starters are essential for avoiding ___________
6. In a d.c machine the losses which vary with load are ___________
7.A cumulatively compounded motor does not run at dangerous speed at light loads because of the
Code: 9A02305
presence of
a) series wdg
[
b) shunt wdg
d) none
b) Retardation test
b) Retardation test
Code: 9A02305
b) Iron losses
c) stray losses
d) copper losses
Code: 9A02305
B.Tech II Year I Semester (R09) Regular and Supplementary Examinations, November 2012
ELECTRICAL MACHINES -
(Electrical & Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
*****
1 (a)
(b)
2 (a)
(b)
With neat relevant diagrams derive the expression for mechanical force of a singly-excited
system when it is controlled by current.
An exciting coil of a rectangular electromagnetic relay has 2000 turns. The cross-section
of the core is 6 x 6 cm2. Neglecting fringing effect and reluctance of magnetic circuit,
calculate the maximum force acting on the armature if the flux density in the core is 0.6 T.
Explain the action of commutator of a dc machine with the help of neat diagram. Why the
carbon or graphite brushes preferred over copper brushes for use in dc machines?
The armature of a 4-pole dc generator has wave winding with 660 conductors. Calculate
the generated emf when flux per pole is 50 mWb and the speed is 1500 rpm.
What is Armature reaction? Explain in detail the phenomenon of armature reaction in a 2pole dc generator with the help of neat sketches of flux distribution in space and relevant
vector diagrams, before and after the armature reaction.
4 (a)
(b)
What are the methods of excitation of dc generators? Explain with the help of diagrams.
A 6-pole generator has 1000 armature conductors and is wave-wound. If the flux per pole
is 0.02 Wb and the speed is 500 rpm, calculate the emf generated. If the above machine
is self-excited, and the armature and field resistances are 0.5 and 250 respectively,
calculate the output current when the armature current is 40 A.
Code: 9A02305
6
(a)
(b)
A 10 kW, 200 V, dc series motor runs at 900 rpm when operating at its full-load. The
motor resistance is 0.4 and magnetic circuit can be assumed unsaturated. What will be
the speed if
The load torque is increased by 75 %.
The motor current is reduced to half of the full-load value.
Contd. in Page 2
Code: 9A02305
7 (a)
(b)
The Hopkinsons test on two similar machines gave the following results at full-load.
Line current = 50 A
Line voltage = 120 V
Motor armature current = 220 A
The field currents are 3 A and 3.5 A. Armature resistance of each machine is 0.025 .
Calculate the efficiency of each machine assuming brush contact drop of 1 V per brush.
*****
Code: 9A02308
B.Tech II Year I Semester (R09) Regular and Supplementary Examinations, November 2012
ELECTRICAL MACHINES -
(Electrical & Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
*****
1
State and explain the basic phenomena which are responsible for energy conversion in
an electromechanical energy conversion device.
2 (a)
(b)
3 (a)
(b)
Explain why in dc generators, the polarity of inter-pole must be the same as that of the
main pole ahead of it in the direction of rotation.
A 4-pole dc generator supplies a current of 143 A. It has 492 armature conductors
connected in lap method. Calculate the de-magnetizing ampere turns per pole. The
field winding is connected in shunt and takes 2 A. Find the number of extra shunt field
turns necessary to neutralize this de-magnetisation. When delivering full-load, the
brushes are given a lead of 100 mechanical.
Code: 9A02308
7 (a)
(b)
What are the advantages and disadvantages of rheostatic control method of speed
control?
A 220 V, dc series motor takes 40 A and runs at 750 rpm while driving a fan load. The
load varies as the square of the speed. The resistance between the terminals is 1.5 .
To run the machine at 800 rpm, at what voltage we have to supply energy to the motor.
Assume that the flux is directly proportional to the armature current.
A 50 kW, 440 V dc shunt generator with an armature circuit resistance including interpole winding of 0.25 at normal working temperature was run as a shunt motor on noload at rated voltage and speed. The total current drawn by the motor = 3 A including
shunt field current of 0.7 A. Calculate the efficiency of the shunt generator at th fullload.
*****
Code: 9A02308
B.Tech II Year I Semester (R09) Regular and Supplementary Examinations, November 2012
ELECTRICAL MACHINES -
(Electrical & Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
*****
1 (a)
(b)
2 (a)
(b)
Define field energy and co-energy. Give significance of co-energy in the derivation of
force in an electromechanical energy conversion device.
Mention the advantages of analyzing energy conversion devices by field-energy concept.
Show the neat sketches of progressive and retrogressive simplex wave windings. Define
the different winding pitches.
The armature of a 4-pole dc generator having 520 conductors generates an induced emf
of 520 V, when running at a speed of 1200 rpm. The flux per pole being 50 mWb. What is
the type of the simplex winding used?
3 (a)
(b)
4 (a)
(b)
5 (a)
(b)
Explain the parallel operation of two dc series generators with equalizer-bar connection
and hence narrate the necessity of equalizer-bar connection.
Two dc shunt generators operating in parallel. The generator-1 and generator-2 are
inducing emfs of 220 V and 210 V, and have armature resistances of 0.7 and 0.5
respectively. The common load is 30 kW. Calculate the load sharing between the
generators.
Contd. in Page 2
Page 1 of 2
Code: 9A02308
6
A 4-pole, 250 V, dc shunt motor takes 2 A on no-load, when running at 1200 rpm. The
armature and field resistances are 0.15 and 150 respectively. The brush drop is 2 V.
If the motor takes total current of 60 A at full-load, calculate its full-load speed. Assume
that the flux gets weakened by 5% under full-load condition due to armature reaction.
A 250 V, dc shunt motor has an armature current of 16 A when running at 900 rpm
against full-load torque. The armature resistance is 0.5 . What resistance must be
inserted in series with the armature to reduce the speed to 550 rpm at the same torque?
What will be the speed if the load torque is halved with this resistance in the circuit?
Assume the flux to remain constant.
A 15 kW, 900 rpm, 400 V dc shunt motor has armature circuit resistance (including
brushes) of 0.9 and shunt field resistance of 300 . If efficiency at rated load is 90 %,
then calculate by assuming that the flux remains constant;
The no-load armature current,
The speed when motor draws 25 A from the mains and
The armature current, when the internal torque developed is 98.5 N-m.
(a)
(b)
(c)
*****
Page 2 of 2
4
B.Tech II Year I Semester (R09) Regular and Supplementary Examinations, November 2012
ELECTRICAL MACHINES -
(Electrical & Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
*****
1
With neat sketch explain the multiple-excited magnetic field system in electromechanical
energy conversion systems. Also obtain the expression for field energy in the system.
2 (a)
(b)
3 (a)
What is the purpose of Compensating Winding and explain its operation with the help of
diagram.
A 500 V, 1000 A, lap-wound, 8-pole dc generator has 1260 armature conductors.
Calculate the number of conductors in the pole face to give full compensation if the pole
face covers 80% of pole-span.
(b)
4 (a)
(b)
Page 1 of 2
A 250 V, 4-pole shunt motor has two-circuit armature winding with 550 conductors. The
armature circuit resistance is 0.35 , field resistance is 145 and the flux per pole is
0.03 Wb. Neglect the armature reaction. Find the speed and torque developed, if the
motor draws 15 A from the mains.
Design a starter with five resistor sections for a 5 kW, 200 V, dc shunt motor. The fullload efficiency is 86 %. The lower current limit is to be full-load current. The total copper
losses are 3.7 % of the input power and the field resistance is 250 .
8 (a)
(b)
Page 1 of 2
Environmental Science
Syllabus
2009-10
67
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ANANTAPUR
B.Tech. II-II Sem (M.E) T P C
404
(9ABS303) ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
UNIT I
MULTIDISCIPLINARY NATURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES : Definition,
Scope and Importance Need for Public Awareness.
UNIT II
NATURAL RESOURCES : Renewable and non-renewable resources Natural
resources and associated problems Forest resources Use and over exploitation,
deforestation, case studies Timber extraction Mining, dams and other effects on
forest and tribal people Water resources Use and over utilization of surface and
ground water Floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams benefits and problems
Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using
mineral resources, case studies Food resources: World food problems, changes
caused by agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide
problems, water logging, salinity, case studies. Energy resources:
UNIT III
ECOSYSTEMS : Concept of an ecosystem. Structure and function of an ecosystem
Page 1 of 2
Producers, consumers and decomposers Energy flow in the ecosystem Ecological
sucession Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids Introduction, types,
characteristic features, structure and function of the following ecosystem:
a. Forest ecosystem.
b. Grassland ecosystem
c. Desert ecosystem
d. Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)
UNIT IV
BIODIVERSITY AND ITS CONSERVATION : Introduction 0 Definition: genetic, species
and ecosystem diversity Bio-geographical classification of India Value of
biodiversity: consumptive use, Productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option
values Biodiversity at global, National and local levels India as a mega-diversity
nation Hot-soports of biodiversity Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of
wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts Endangered and endemic species of India
Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.
www.jntuworld.com
www.jntuworld.com
www.jwjobs.net
________________________________________________2009-10
68
UNIT V
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION : Definition, Cause, effects and control measures of :
a. Air Pollution.
b. Water pollution
c. Soil pollution
d. Marine pollution
e. Noise pollution
f. Thermal pollution
g. Nuclear hazards
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT : Causes, effects and control measures of urban and
Page 1 of 2
industrial wates Role of an individual in prevention of pollution Pollution case
studies Disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides.
UNIT VI
SOCIAL ISSUES AND THE ENVIRONMENT: From Unsustainable to Sustainable
development Urban problems related to energy Water conservation, rain water
Publication.
2. Comprehensive Environmental studies by J.P.Sharma, Laxmi publications.
3. Environmental sciences and engineering J. Glynn Henry and Gary W.
Heinke Printice hall of India Private limited.
4. Introduction to Environmental engineering and science by Gilbert M. Masters
and Wendell P. Ela - Printice hall of India Private limited.
5. Environmental Studies by Anindita Basak Pearson Education.
Question Paper Pattern : 5 questions to be answered out of 8 questions. Each
question should not have more than 3 bits.
Objective
OBJECTIVE OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
- Dr.I.J.Madhukar
Environment is not a single subject. It is an integration of several subjects that include
both Science and Social Studies. To understand all the different aspects of our environment we need to
understand biology, chemistry, physics, geography, resource management, economics and population
issues.
Thus the scope of environmental studies is extremely wide and covers some aspects of
nearly every major discipline We live in a world in which natural resources are limited. Water, air, soil,
minerals, oil, the products we get from forests, grasslands, oceans and from agriculture and livestock, are
all a part of our life support systems. Without them, life itself would be impossible. As we keep
increasing in numbers and the quantity of resources each of us uses also increases, the earths resource
base must inevitably shrink. The earth cannot be expected to sustain this expanding level of utilization of
resources. Added to this is misuse of resources.
We waste or pollute large amounts of natures clean water; we create more and more
material like plastic that we discard after a single use; and we waste colossal amounts of food, which is
discarded as garbage. Manufacturing processes create solid waste byproducts that are discarded, as well
Page
1 of 2water, and gases that pollute the air. Increasing
as chemicals that flow out as liquid waste and
pollute
amounts of waste cannot be managed by natural processes. These accumulate in our environment,
leading to a variety of diseases and other adverse environmental impacts now seriously affecting all our
lives. Air pollution leads to respiratory diseases, water pollution to gastro-intestinal diseases, and many
pollutants are known to cause cancer Improving this situation will only happen if each of us begins to
take actions in our daily lives that will help preserve our environmental resources.
We cannot expect Governments alone to manage the safeguarding of the environment, nor
can we expect other people to prevent environmental damage. We need to do it ourselves. It is a
responsibility that each of us must take on as ones own.
Lesson Plan
P.B.R. VISVODAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE
Class : II B.Tech.
Lecturer : Dr. I.J. Madhukar
Semester - II
Date
&
Week
Branch : ME
Sub: Environmental Studies
Year : 2012-'13
Topic
No. of
Periods
per
Unit
UNIT - I
Multidisciplinary nature of Environmental Studies
Introduction, Segments of Environment
5
10
Page 1 of 2
Introduction, Types and measuring the Biodiversity, Values of
Biodiversity
REVISION
10
10
10
15
UNIT - VI
Social issues and the Environment
Introduction, Sustainable development Urban energy problems,
Global warming, Greenhouse effect, Acid rains, Nuclear accidents
Waste lands, Environmental, Laws water, wild life and forest acts,
public awareness
UNIT - VII
Human population and the Environment
Introduction, Population growth, Family welfare programmes.
Value education, HIV / AIDS, Human rights, Role of IT in Human
health
UNIT - VIII
Field Work on Environment
Study of Poluted Sites, Biosphere and Simple Ecosystems submission of Field Report
5
10
5
Total :
85
Text Books
1
Text book of Environmental Studies for Undergraduate Courses
by Erach Bharucha for University Grants Commission, Universities
Press.
2
3
SIGNATURE OF THE
H.O.D.
Page 1 of 2
Page 1 of 2
NAME_________________________________ROLL NO_______________________
PBR VISVODAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, KAVALI
II B.Tech; II Sem;MEC Branch,II QUIZ Examination;Dated: 08-03-2013(FN)
Time: 20 min
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Marks:20
________________________________________________________________________
1)The decomposition carbonaceous organic matter in presence of oxygen leads to the
d) NO2
2) The spillage of oil from oil shops into the sea causes
[
a) Marine pollution b)Air pollution c)Nuclear pollution d)Eutrification
4) The bacterial action over the biodegradable organic matter in the presence of oxygen is
called
[
]
a) Aerobic decomposition b) Anaerobic decomposition c) Parolysis d) Pulverization
5) The pollution that termed when excess heat exists in water
a) Nuclear pollution b) Thermal pollution c) Air pollution
[
]
d) Chemical pollution
6) The bacterial action over the biodegradable organic matter in the absence of oxygen is
called
[
]
a) Aerobic decomposition b) Anaerobic decomposition c) Parolysis d) Pulverization
7)The process of the burning of the solid wastages in the properly constructed hearth or
furnace, the method is called
[
]
a) Incineration b) Composting c) Pulverization
d) Autolysis
8) The unit of frequency of sound is
a) Dynes b) Hertz c) Poise d) Echoes
10) Dust particles can cause dust specific respiratory diseases, such as
a) Typhoid b) Hepatitis c) Silicosis d) Malaria
15)The chief green house gas that causes Global warming is __________________
16) Expansion of term HIV is
d)Thermosphere
properly
Question Bank
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
QUESTIONS:
Unit-I
Science
Unit-III Ecosystem
1. Define ecosystem. Give an account of the structure and function of an
ecosystem.
2. Explain the flow of energy through the atmosphere and its utilization in an
ecosystem.
3. Write short notes on
(a)
Food chain
(b)
Tropic level
(c)
Food web
4. Define ecological pyramid and its various types.
5. What is ecological succession? Give an account of general process of
succession in nature.
BITS:
1. Stratosphere is the atmosphere layer in which ozone exists in abundant
volumes.
Page 1 of 2
2. Ground water is harder than the surface water because of the presence of
various salts.
3. In the biosphere all the life forms of earth including man life.
4. Natural resources are the components of the environment.
5. Human resources refer to human wisdom, experience, skill, labour and
enterprise.
6. Sunlight is a renewable resource.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
Page 1 of 2
38) The green houses suppress the long wave radiation from not being escaped back to atmosphere.
39) The waste lands may be categorized as culturable and nonculturable waste lands.
40) The demand for energy will be more in Urban areas than the demand in rural area.
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
2nd MID SYLLABUS
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTION
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
Define air pollution. Briefly explain the effects of air pollution on humans, plants and property.
What is water pollution? Classify and discuss in brief the various types of water pollutants.
What is Thermal pollution? State and explain various sources and causes of Thermal pollution.
Discuss the sources of soil pollution and the methods to control this pollution.
What is sold waste?Discuss the various methods of Solid-waste disposal.
How will you define Disaster management? Briefly describe the role of the Disaster manager in
countering the situation.
What is a) Sustainable development b) Integrated energy management
What is Rain water harvesting? Discuss the types of Rain water harvesting.
a) Global warming b) Ozone layer depletion c) Acid rains d) El Nino Effect
a) Industrial economy b) Green marketing c) Pigouvian Taxes d) Ecolabelling
What are Wastelands? Discuss the various methods of Wasteland reclamation.
Page 1 of 2
(a) Give the classification of wastelands. Write about the need for wasteland development.
(b) Write notes on global warming and its effects on temperature and rainfall.
7. (a) Discuss how environmental issues are closely linked to human rights.
(b) What is the nature of population growth? Discuss its variation among nations.
8. (a) Prepare a proforma for fieldwork
environmental assets of river
Pageon
1 ofdocumenting
2
ecosystem.
(b) Write the general guidelines for study of common plants, insects and birds.
*****
*****
Page 1 of 2
Code: 9ABS402/9ABS303
www.jntuworld.com
www.jwjobs.net
Code: 9A01308
What is sustainable lifestyle? Discuss the equitable use of resources for sustainable
lifestyle.
www.jntuworld.com
www.jwjobs.net
Code: 9A01308
Syllabus
www.jntuworld.com
Code: 9A01308
www.jwjobs.net
www.jntuworld.com
www.jwjobs.net
Code: 9A01308
Objective
Lesson Plan
www.jntuworld.com
www.jwjobs.net
Code: 9A01308
No. of
S.NO
DATE
TOPIC
Classes
No. of
periods
per week
No. of
periods per
unit
14
4
Piezometer,
Differential Manometers
10
www.jntuworld.com
www.jwjobs.net
Code: 9A01308
FLUID DYNAMICS: Eulers equation Bernoullis equation for flow
5
Momentum equation and its application on pipe bend
2
3
3
5
Hydrodynamic force of jets on moving flat, inclined and curved
vanes
3
1
Flow over radial vanes
MID I EXAMS
10
plant
2
2
5
Area Heads and Efficiencies
2
HYDRAULIC TURBINES: Classification of turbines impulse
12
08
www.jntuworld.com
www.jwjobs.net
Code: 9A01308
Francis & Kaplan Turbine Draft tube problems
- functions-efficiency
13
14
LESSON PLAN
Specific quantities
Characteristic curves
15
10
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP:
16
17
5
Manometric head, losses and efficiencies
Question
2
09
Papers Mid18
2
NPSH, Reciprocating Pump
TEXTBOOKS:
NPSH
semester
2
TOTAL NO. OF HOURS: 76
examinations
PBR
SIGNATURE OF STAFF
BRANCH: EEE
MARKS: 20M
TIME: 90 MINUTES
SUBJECT: FLUID MECHANICS &HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
DATE: 03/11/2012(FN)
1. A jet of water having a velocity of 30m/s strikes a series of radial curved vanes mounted on a wheel which
is rotating at 200 r.p.m. The jet makes an angle of 200 with the tangent to the wheel at inlet and leaves the
wheel with a velocity of 5m/s at an angle of 1300 to the tangent to the wheel at outlet. Water is flowing from
outward in a radial direction. The outer and inner radii of the wheel are 0.5m and 0.25m respectively.
Determine vane angles at inlet and outlet, workdone per unit weight of water and efficiency of the wheel.
2. (A) Explain the various elements of hydro electric power plants?
(B) At the site where hydroelectric plant is proposed the following details are
Available. Calculate the power that can be developed.
Available head = 28 m
Catchment area = 420 Km2
Yearly rainfall = 140 cm
Rainfall utilization rate = 68%
www.jntuworld.com
www.jwjobs.net
Code: 9A01308
Penstock efficiency = 94%
Turbine efficiency = 80%
Generator efficiency = 84%
4.(A) A Pelton wheel is having a mean bucket diameter of 1m and is running at 1000r.p.m The net head on
the pelton wheel is 700m. If the side clearance angle is 150 and discharge through nozzle is 0.1m3/s, find the
power available at the nozzle and hydraulic efficiency of the turbine.
(B) Explain the classification of hydraulic Turbines.
5. (A) Explain the characteristic curves of a turbine.
(B) A three stage centrifugal pump has impellers 40cm in diameter and 2cm wide at outlet. The vanes are
curved back at the outlet at 45o and reduce the circumferential area by 10%. The manometric efficiency is
90% and the overall efficiency is 80%. Find the head generated by the pump when running at 1000 r.p.m
delivering 50lps. What should be the shaft horse power?
NAME:_____________________
ROLL NO:__________________________
(OBJECTIVE)
TIME: 20MINUTES
DATE: 05/09/2012(FN)
(b) Cohesion
www.jntuworld.com
www.jwjobs.net
Code: 9A01308
3. The viscosity of a gases______________
(b) N2/m
(c) N/m3
(d) N/m
(b) mass
(c) Pressure
(d) momentum
7. If no fluid is added or removed from a pipe in any length then the mass passing across different section shall be
____________
[
]
(a) Double
(b) different
(c) same
8. The flow in which the velocity at any given point changes w.r.t space is
(a) Steady flow (b) uniform flow (c) unsteady flow (d) non uniform flow
9. The total energy represented by Bernoullis equation has units of ______
(a)N-m/s
(b) N-m/N
(c) N-s/m
(d) N-m/m
(b) velocity
(c) pressure
(d) viscosity
(b) aV sin
(b) H
(c) H3/2
(d) H5/2
www.jntuworld.com
Code: 9A01308
www.jwjobs.net
www.jntuworld.com
www.jwjobs.net
Code: 9A01308
Question Bank
Unit I
FLUID STATICS
required to rotate the disc at 60 r.p.m is 3.6X10-4Nm. Assume the velocity gradient in the oil film to be linear.
3.(a) what is surface Tension? Explain in brief.
(b) U-Tube Manometer containing mercury was used to find the negative pressure in the pipe
containing water. The right limb was open to the atmosphere. Find the vacuum pressure in the
pipe if the difference of mercury level in the two limbs was 100mm and height of water in the left
limb from the centre of the pipe was found to be 40mm below.
4.A thin plate of very large area is placed in a gap of height h with oils of viscosities 1and 2on two sides of the
plate. The plate is pulled at a constant velocity v. Calculate the position of the plate so that the force required to
drag the plate is minimum. Assume the flow is viscous and neglect all end effects.
5 (a).A piston 9.95 cm diameter works in a cylinder 10 cm diameter, 12 cm long. The space between the two is
filled with a lubricating oil of viscosity 0.65 poise. Calculate the speed of the pistonthrough the cylinder
under the action of an axial force of 5.0 N.
(b)Estimate the pressure inside a water droplet of size of 0.3mm. Assume sigma=0.073N/m.
6. (a) Define dynamic viscosity and kinematic viscosity. What are their units? Explain the significance of viscosity on
fluid motion.
(b)State Newtons equation of viscosity and give examples of its application.
www.jntuworld.com
www.jwjobs.net
Code: 9A01308
UNIT 2
FLUID KINEMATICS AND FLUID DYNAMICS
1.(A)360lps of water is owing in a pipe. The pipe is bent by 120 0 . The pipes bend measures 360mmX240mm and volume of
the bend is 0:14m3. The pressure at the entrance is 70KN/m2 and the exit is 2.4m above the entrance section. Find the force
exerted on the bend.
(B). what is continuity equation? Derive the equation.
2.
(a) Derive the Darcy-weisbach equation for friction head loss in a pipe.
(b) Water is flowing through a horizontal pipe line 1500m long and 200mm in
diameter. Pressures at the two ends of the pope line are respectively 12Kpa
and 2Kpa. If f = 0.015, determine the discharge through the pipe in LPM
. Consider only frictional loss.)
3. (a) Derive Dupuit's Equation.
(b) Explain hydraulic gradient and total energy lines.
4. (a) Explain the principle and working of venturimeter with the help of a neat sketch.
(b) List the various minor energy losses. Also give the formula for each .
5.(a) Explain the classification of flows in detail.
. (b) A pipe line carrying oil (G=0.8) changes in diameter from 300mm at position 1 to
600mmdiameter at position 2 which is 5 meters at a higher level. If the pressures at positions 1
and 2are 100KN/m2 and 60KN/m2 respectively and the discharge is 300lps, find loss of head
and direction of flow .
6.(a) List the various minor energy losses. Also give the formula for each
(b) State and prove Bernoulli's theorem. Mention its limitations.
7. (a)Differentiate between venturimeter and orifice meter.
(b) A venturimeter has its axis vertical and carries petrol of specific gravity 0.78. The inlet and
throat diameters are 150mm and 75 mm respectively. The pressure connection at throat 150 mm above that at inlet
and actual discharge is 40 lit/sec and cd=0.96. Calculate pressure difference at inlet and throat in N/m2
UNIT III
FLOW THROUGH CONDUITES
1. (a) What are the construction details of a pitot tube and explain how it works?
(b) An oil of relative density 0.90 flows through a vertical pipe of diameter 20cm.The flow is measured by a 20cm 10cm
venturimeter. The throat is 30cm above the inlet section. A differential U tube manometer containing mercury is connected to the
throat and the inlet. If coefficient of discharge is 0.99. what is the manometer reading for a flow of 50 lit/sec.
2. Two reservoirs are connected by a pipeline consisting of two pipes in series, one of 15 cm diameter and 6m long and another of
22.5 cm diameter and 15m long. If the difference in water levels of the reservoirs is 6m, calculate the discharge by considering all
the losses. Assume f = 0.02 for both the pipes.
www.jntuworld.com
www.jwjobs.net
Code: 9A01308
3. A venturimeter of throat diameter 5cm is fitted into a 12.5 cm diameter waterpipe line. The coefficient of discharge is 0.96.
Calculate the flow in the pipe linewhen the reading on a mercury water differential U tube manometer connectedto the upstream
and throat sections shows a reading of 20 cm.
4. (a) Explain how do you measure the velocity of flowing water in a stream using pitot tube.
(b) Define Major Energy Loss and Minor Energy Loss.
UNIT 4
TURBO MACHINARY
1. (A)Derive the expressions for force and work done per second by the jet when it strikes a flat vertical plate moving in the
direction of the jet and away from the jet.
(B) A 10cm diameter jet of water exerts a force of 2 KN in the direction of flow against a stationary flat plate which is inclined
at an angle of 300 with the axis of the stream. Find
i. Force normal to the plate
ii. velocity of the jet
iii. mass flow rate of water Kg/sec.
2.(a)Derive the expressions for force and work done per second by the jet when it strikes a curved plate moving
in the direction of the jet.
(b)A jet of water 20cm in diameter and moving with a velocity of 20m/sec impinges normally on a series of flat vanes mounted
on the periphery of a wheel.If the velocity of the vanes is 8m/sec, determine
i. the force exerted by the jet on the wheel
ii. work done by the jet on the wheel per second and
iii. hydraulic efficiency.
3 Explain how the following flow problems are analyzed.
i. Series pipe connection
ii. Parallel pipe connection
iii. Equivalent pipe connection.
(b)Prove that the force exerted by a jet of water on a fixed hemispherical curved vane when the jet strikes at the centre is F =
av2 where
= Mass density of water
a = Area of cross section of the jet
v = Velocity of the jet..
4.(a) Derive an expression for force exerted by the jet on a stationary vertical plate.
(b) A 10cm diameter jet of water exerts a force of 2 KN in the direction of flow against a stationary flat plate which is inclined at
an angle of 300 with the axis of the stream. Find
i. Force normal to the plate
ii. velocity of the jet
iii. mass flow rate of water Kg/sec.
unit 5
www.jntuworld.com
www.jwjobs.net
Code: 9A01308
HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
1. (a) What are valves used in a penstock. Explain with neat sketches, various types of valves with their suitability under various
conditions.
(b) What is an intake structure. Explain different types with the help of neat sketches.
2. (a) List and write elaborately about the elements of Hydroelectric station with neat sketches .
(b) The head and discharge of a hydro electric plant are 28m and 330m3/sec respectively. The installed turbine works with
an efficiency of 86%. Find the power developed.
3.(a) Define mass curve. Explain how the storage capacity of a reservoir is estimated using a mass curve.
(b) Differentiate between net head and gross head of a turbine with a neat sketch.List out the efficiencies of a turbine and
define them.
(a) What are penstocks? What is meant by economical diameter of a penstock. How can it be found.
(b) What are the functions of a surge tank. Describe with neat sketches, the behavior of various
types of surge tanks.
UNIT 6
1. (a)Draw a neat sketch of Pelton wheel and explain the constructional details andworking.
(b)State the momentum equation and derive the equation for hydraulic efficiencyof Pelton wheel using this
equation.
2. (a)Define and explain hydraulic efficiency, mechanical efficiency and overall efficiency of aturbine.
(b) A Kaplan turbine runner is to be designed to develop 7357.5 kW S.P. The net available head is10 m. Assume that the speed
ratio as 1.8 and flow ratio 0.6. If the overall efficiency is 70% anddiameter of the boss is 0.4 times the diameter of the runner,
find the diameter of the runner, itsspeed and specific speed.
3. (a) What do you mean by gross head, net head and efficiency of a turbine? Explain the different types of the
efficiencies of a turbine.
(b) The following data is given for a Francis turbine: Net head = 70 m, speed = 600 r.p.m., shaft power= 367.875
kW, 0 = 85%, h =95%, flow ratio = 0.25, breadth ratio = 0.1, outer diameter of therunner = 2 X inner iameter
of runner. The thickness of vanes occupy 10% of the circumferentialarea of the runner. Velocity of flow is
constant at inlet and outlet and discharge is radial at outlet.
Determine:
i. Guide blade angle,
ii. Runner vane angles at inlet and outlet,
iii. Diameters of runner at inlet and outlet, and
iv. Width of wheel at inlet.
3. (a) Explain the various efficiencies in a hydraulic turbine.
(b) Explain the classification of hydraulic Turbines.
www.jntuworld.com
www.jwjobs.net
Code: 9A01308
4. (a) An inward flow reaction turbine has external and internal diameters as 1m and 0.5m respectively. The velocity of flow
through the runner is constant and is equal to 1.5m/s.Find discharge through the runner and width of the turbine at outlet if the
width of theturbine at inlet = 200mm.
(b) Explain pelton wheel with a neat sketch.
Unit 7
1. Explain the characteristic curves of a turbine.
2. (a) What is meant by governing of turbines?
(b) A turbine is to operate under a head of 25m at 200r.p.m The discharge is 9 Cumecs. If the efficiency is 90%
determine specific speed of the machine, power generated and typeof turbine.
3. (a) Explain the necessity of unit quantities with reference to turbines.
(b)What is meant by specific speed. Also derive the expression for specific speed of a turbine.
4. (a) A turbine develops 7357.5 kW S.P. when running at 200 r.p.m. The head on the turbine is 40 m.If the head on
the turbine is reduced to 25 m, determine the speed and power developed by theturbine.
(b) What is governing and how it is accomplished for different types of water turbines?
Unit 8
1.
(a)What is priming? Why is it necessary? Explain how it is done.
(b) Find the number of pumps required to take water from a deep well under a total head of 156 m.
Also, the pumps are identical and are running at 1000 r.p.m. The specific speed of each pump is
given as 20 while the rated capacity of each pump is 150 lit/s.
2.
(a) Define a centrifugal pump. Explain the working of a single-stage centrifugal pump with sketches.
(b) A centrifugal pump impeller whose external and internal diameters are 400 mmand 200 mm respectively is running at 950
r.p.m. The rate of flow through thepump is 0.035 m3/s. the suction and delivery heads are 5 m 25 m respectively. The
diameters of the suction and delivery pipes are 120 mm and 80 mmrespectively. If the outlet vane angle is 450, the flow
velocity is constant andequal to 1.8 m/s and power required to drive the pump is 15 kW, determine:
i. Inlet vane angle
ii. The overall efficiency, and
iii. The manometric efficiency.
3.
(a) The internal and external diameters of the impeller of a centrifugal pump are 30 cm and 60 cm
respectivelyThe pump is running at 1000 r.p.m. The vane angles at inlet and outlet are 200 and 300 respectively. Thewater enters
the impeller radially and velocity of flow is constant. Determine the work done by the impeller
per unit weight of water.
(b) What is priming? Why is it necessary? Explain how it is done.
4.
(a) What do you understand by characteristic curves of a pump? What is thesignificance of the
characteristic curves? Explain them in detail.
www.jntuworld.com
www.jwjobs.net
Code: 9A01308
(b) The diameter of a centrifugal pump, which is discharging 0.035 m3/s of wateragainst a total head of 25 m is 0.05m. The
pump is running at 1200 r.p.m.Find the head, discharge and ratio of powers of a geometrically similar pumpof diameter 0.3 m
when it is running at 2000 r.p.m.
Unit 1
1. The mass of an object is 10 kg. The gravitational acceleration at a location is 5 m/s2. The specificweight is
(a) 2 N (b) 15 N (c) 5 N (d) 50 N
2.The dynamic viscosity is 1.2 104 Ns/m2. The density is 600 kg/m3. The kinematic viscosity inm2/s is
(a) 72 103 (b) 20 108 (c) 7.2 103 (d) 70 106
3. The velocity gradient is 1000/s. The viscosity is 1.2 104 Ns/m2. The shear stress is
(a) 1.2 101 N/m (b) 1.2 107 N/m2 (c) 1.2 102 N/m2(d) 1.2 1010 N/m2
4.The excess pressure in a droplet of 0.002 m dia a fluid with surface tension of 0.01 N/m is
(a) 10(b) 20 c)4 d) 0.00004
5. Viscosity of liquids ____________________ increase of temperature.
6. Bulk modulus of liquids _________ ___________with increase in pressure at constant temperature
7. Capillary rise is caused by ____________________ forces
8. A Newtonian fluid is defined as one having _____________________.
9.Viscosity is defined as _______________________.
10. Kinematic viscosity is defined as ______________________.
11. The difference between liquids and gases is _________.
www.jntuworld.com
www.jwjobs.net
Code: 9A01308
12.Density is defined as _________.
5.The specific weight of a fluid is 20,000 N/m3. The pressure (above atmosphere) in a tank bottomcontaining the fluid
to a height of 0.2 m is
(a) 40,000 N/m2 (b) 2000 N/m2(c) 4000 N/m2 (d) 20,000 N/m2
6.In a differential manometer a head of 0.6 m of fluid A in limb 1 is found to balance a head of 0.3m of fluid B in limb 2. The ratio of
specific gravities of A to B is
(a) 2 (b) 0.5(c) cannot be determined (d) 0.18
7.In a static fluid, with y as the vertical direction, the pressure variation is given by
(a)dp/dy = (b)dp/dy = (c)dp/dy = (d)dp/dy =
8.Bernoulli equation is applicable for
(a) steady rotational flow b) steady rotational compressible flow
(c) steadyirrotational incompressible flow (d) unsteady irrotational incompressible flow(e) all flows.
9. Eulers equation is applicable for flow along a
10. Potential energy of a fluid element in head of fluid is given by .
UNIT 3
1.The friction factor in pipe flow at near critical conditions is around
(a) 0.064 (b) 0.025 (c) 0.64 (d) 0.032.
2.Reynolds number is given by
(a) u/D, (b) D/u, (c) u/D (d) uD/.
3.In laminar pipe flow for a given flow rate Q, the power required to overcome friction will beproportional to
(a) Q(b) Q2(c) Q1/2(d) Q3/2
www.jntuworld.com
www.jwjobs.net
Code: 9A01308
4.With constant flow rate if the diameter is doubled in laminar flow in pipes, the frictional dropwill change by a factor of
(a) 2 (b) 0.5 (c) 1/32 (d) 1/16.
5.The entry length in pipe flow will be higher for
(a) highly viscous fluids (b) low viscosity fluid
(c) high velocity of flow (d) small diameters
6. As Reynolds number decreases in laminar flow in pipes, the friction factor .e
7.When two pipes in parallel flow are replaced by a single pipe with its area equal to the sum of theareas of the two
pipes, the flow rate will _________
8.The Chezy coefficient C is a variable with its value depending on the flow __________ numberand the __________
9.
UNIT 4
1.The force exerted by a fluid jet on a stationary flat plate is____________________________
2.The force exerted by a fuid jet on a flat plate is ________________________
3.the force exerted by a fluid jet on a stationary curved plated is _________________________
4.the force exerted jet striking an unsymmetrical curved vane tangentially at one of its tips____________________
5.The force exerted by a fluid jet on a moving curved vane is _________________________
6.the torque exerted on a wheel with radial curved vanes is____________________________
7.
Unit 5
1.The head available at its entrance to the turbine is ___________________________.
2.The overall efficiency is defined as________________________________
3.The volumetric efficiency is defined as ______________________________
4.The mechanical efficiency is defined as ________________________________
5.The hydraulic efficiency is defined as_______________________________
6.
www.jntuworld.com
Code: 9A01308
www.jwjobs.net
www.jntuworld.com
www.jwjobs.net
Code: 9A01308
All questions carry equal marks
*****
1 (a) Define the following fluid properties: Density, weight density, specific volume and
specific gravity of a fluid.
(b) An oil film of thickness 1.5 mm is used for lubrication between a square plate of size
0.9 m 0.9 m and an inclined plane having an angle of inclination 200. The weight of
the square plate is 392.4 N and it slides down the plane with a uniform velocity of 0.2
m/s. Find the dynamic viscosity of the oil.
2 (a)
(b)
3 (a)
(b)
4 (a)
(b)
Cite two examples of unsteady, non-uniform flow. How can the unsteady flow be
transformed to steady flow? Explain.
A pipe of diameter 30 cm carries water at a velocity of 20 m/sec. The pressures at the
points A and B are given as 34.335 N/cm2 and 29.43 N/cm2 respectively. While the
datum head at A and B are 25 m and 28 m, find the loss of head between A and B.
What is a pitot-tube? How will you determine the velocity at any point with the help of
pitot-tube?
A 30 cm x 15 cm venturimeter is inserted in a vertical pipe carrying water, flowing in
the upward direction. A differential mercury-manometer connected to the inlet and
throat gives a reading of 30 cm. Find the discharge. Take C = 0.98.
Derive an expression for the force exerted by a jet of water on an inclined fixed plate
in the direction of the jet.
A jet of water of diameter 50 mm moving with a velocity of 20 m/sec strikes a fixed
plate in such a way that the angle between the jet and the plate is 600.Find the force
exerted by the jet on the plate.
(i) In the direction normal to the plate
(ii) In the direction of the jet.
Contd. in Page 2
Page 1 of 2
www.jntuworld.com
www.jwjobs.net
Code: 9A01308
5 (a)
(b)
Discuss critically the economics of a hydal power plant for power generation.
What is a flow mass curve? Explain how it is constructed.
6 (a)
(b)
7 (a)
(b)
8 (a)
(b)
*****
Page 2 of 2
www.jntuworld.com
www.jwjobs.net
Code: 9A01308
B.Tech II Year I Semester (R09) Regular and Supplementary Examinations, November 2012
FLUID MECHANICS & HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
*****
1 (a) Distinguish between ideal fluids and real fluids. Explain the importance of compressibility
in fluid flow.
(b) A shaft of diameter 120 mm is rotating inside a journal bearing of diameter122 mm at a
speed of 360 r.p.m. The space between the shaft and the bearing is filled with a
lubricating oil of viscosity 6 poise. Find the power absorbed in oil if the length of bearing
is 100 mm.
2 (a)
(b)
Explain the terms: (i) Path line (ii) Streak line (iii) Stream line, and (iv) Stream tube.
A 40 cm diameter pipe, conveying water, branches into two pipes of diameter 30 cm and
20 cm respectively. If the average velocity in the 40 cm diameter pipe is 3 m/s. Find the
discharge in this pipe. Also determine the velocity in 20 cm pipe if the average velocity in
30 cm diameter pipe is 2 m/s.
3 (a)
(b)
Explain the term co-efficient of friction. On what factors does this co-efficient depend.
An orifice-meter with orifice diameter 15 cm is inserted in a pipe of 30 cm diameter. The
pressure gauges fitted upstream and downstream of the orifice meter give readings of
14.715 N/cm2 and 9.81 N/cm2 respectively. Find the rate of flow of water through the pipe
in liters/s. Take C = 0.6.
4 (a)
Derive an expression for the hydraulic efficiency when a liquid jet strikes a single moving
curved vane.
A jet of water of diameter 100 mm strikes a curved plate at its centre with a velocity of 15
m/s. The curved plate is moving with a velocity of 7 m/s in the direction of the jet. The jet
is deflected through an angle of 1500. Assuming the plate smooth find:
(i) Force exerted on the plate in the direction of the jet.
(ii) Power of the jet and iii. Efficiency.
Contd. in Page 2
(b)
Page 1of 2
www.jntuworld.com
www.jwjobs.net
Code: 9A01308
5 (a)
(b)
Explain how the load factor, capacity factor and utilization factor are interrelated.
What is the significance of diversity factor?
For a hydropower plant, the design capacity is 150 MW. If the generated power is 125
MW, determine the efficiency of the plant. If the peak discharge is 1.5 times the average
discharge, determine the plant capacity and the plant factor.
6 (a) The head on a Francis turbine is 25 m. The outer and inner diameters of runner
are 1.25 m and 0.9 m respectively. The guide vane angle is 150 and the runner
vanes are radial at inlet. Determine the speed of runner in rpm and vane angle at
outlet. If the power output is 365 MHP, what is the specific speed?
(b) A Kaplan runner has outer and inner diameters of 4.5 m and 2m respectively. It
develops 30,000 MHP at 150 rpm under a head of 20 m. The hydraulic and
overall efficiencies are 96% and 89% respectively. Determine the runner blade
angles at hub periphery, outer periphery and mean diameter.
7 (a)
(b)
Explain how the discharge, head and power of a pump vary as the speed of the pump is
varied.
A centrifugal pump discharges 0.153 m/s of water against a head of 12.5 m, the speed of
the impeller being 600 rpm. The outer and inner diameters of the impellers are 500 mm
and 250 mm respectively. The vanes are bent back at 350 to the tangent of the exit. If
the flow area remains 0.07 m2 from inlet to outlet, find:
(i) The manometric efficiency of the pump.
(ii) The vane angle at inlet.
*****
Page 2 of 2
www.jntuworld.com
www.jwjobs.net
Code: 9A01308
B.Tech II Year I Semester (R09) Regular and Supplementary Examinations, November 2012
FLUID MECHANICS & HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
*****
1 (a) What is the difference between dynamic viscosity and kinematic viscosity? State their
units of measurements.
(b) Two plates are placed at a distance of 0.15 mm apart. The lower plate is fixed while the
upper plate having surface area 1.0 m2 is pulled at 0.3 m/s. Find the force and power
required to maintain this speed, if the fluid separating them is having viscosity of 1.5
poise.
2 (a) Define the equation of continuity. Obtain an express for continuity equation for a one
dimensional flow.
(b) Water is flowing through a pipe having diameters 30 cm and 15 cm at the bottom and
upper end respectively. The intensity of pressure at the bottom end is 29.43 N/cm2 and
the pressure at the upper end is 14.715 N/cm2. Determine the difference in datum head
if the rate of flow through pipe is 50 lit/s.
3 (a) Define and explain the terms:
(i) Hydraulic gradient line and
(ii) Total energy line.
(b) An oil of kinematic viscosity 0.5 stoke is flowing through a pipe of diameter 300 mm at
the rate of 320 litres per sec. Find the head lost due to friction for a length of 60 m of the
pipe.
4 (a) Find the expression for the force exerted by the jet on a flat vertical plate moving in the
direction of the jet.
(b) A jet of diameter 150 mm strikes a flat plate normally with a velocity of 20 m/sec. The
plate is moving with a velocity of 5 m/sec in the direction of the jet and away from the jet.
Find
(i) The force exerted by the jet on the plate.
(ii) Work done by the jet on the plate per second.
Contd. in Page 2
Page 1 of 2
www.jntuworld.com
www.jwjobs.net
Code: 9A01308
5 (a) Sketch and explain relative arrangement of different structures of a low head hydro
power development.
(b) The load on a hydel plant varies from a minimum of 10,000 KW to a maximum of 35,000
KW. Two turbo generators of capacities 22,000 KW each have been installed. Calculate
(i) Total installed capacity of the plant.
(ii) Plant factor.
(iii) Load factor and
(iv) Utilization factor.
6 (a)
(b)
7 (a)
(b)
8 (a)
(b)
(c)
With the help of velocity diagrams, derive the equations of theoretical power developed
by a Pelton wheel and its hydraulic efficiency. Obtain the conditions for maximum
hydraulic efficiency.
A Pelton wheel has to be designed to develop 12,000 KW of power at an overall
efficiency of 86%.The speed is 520 rpm and the head is 400 m. The wheel velocity is
0.46 times the jet velocity. Assuming a nozzle coefficient of 0.975 and an approximate
jet ratio of 10, calculate the wheel diameter, number of jets, diameter of each jet and the
number of buckets.
Tests were conducted on a Francis turbine of 0.8 m diameter under a head of 9 m. The
turbine developed 115 KW running at 240 rpm and consuming1.2 m3/sec. If the same
turbine is operated under a head of 16 m, predict its new speed, discharge and power.
What are the requirements of a governor in hydropower installation? Explain.
How are large pumps primed?
What are the different devices that are employed to convert high velocity into high
pressure? Sketch and explain.
How does the specific speed help the choice of a correct pump for a given duty?
*****
Page 2 of 2
B.Tech II Year I Semester (R09) Regular and Supplementary Examinations, November 2012
FLUID MECHANICS & HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
*****
1 (a) What is a manometer? How are they classified? Explain with sketches.
(b) The pressure intensity at a point in a fluid is given as 4.9 N/cm2. Find the corresponding
height of fluid when it is: (i) Water, and (ii) An oil of sp.gr.0.8.
2 (a) What is Eulers equation of motion? How will you obtain Bernoullis equation from it?
(b) A pipe line carrying oil of specific gravity 0.8, changes in diameter from 300 mm at a
position A to 500 mm diameter to a position B which is 5 m at a higher level. If the
pressures at A and B are 19.62 N/cm2 and 14.91 N/cm2 respectively, and the discharge
is 150 liters/s. Determine the loss of head and direction of flow.
3 (a) What is a venturimeter? Derive an expression for the discharge through a venturimeter.
(b) A horizontal venturimeter with inlet and throat diameters 30 cm and 15 cm respectively is
used to measure the flow of water. The reading of differential manometer connected to
inlet and throat is 10 cm of mercury. Determine the rate of flow. Take C = 0.98.
4
A jet of water of 20 mm diameter and moving at 15 m/s, strikes upon the center of a
symmetrical vane. After impingement, the jet gets deflected through 1600 by the vane.
Presuming vane to be smooth determine:
(a) The force exerted by jet on the vane, and
(b) The ration of velocity at outlet to that at inlet if actual reaction of the vane is 127 N.
5 (a)
Discuss the factors that should be considered while selecting the turbine for a particular
power plant.
(b) Where do you provide pumped storage plants? Explain the working of a pumped storage
plant.
Contd. in page 2
Page 1 of 2
6 (a) Compare the Pelton, Francis and Kaplan turbines on the basis of head and discharge.
Also specify the ranges of them for these turbines.
(b) A Pelton wheel is required to develop 12000 KW when working under a head of 300 m.
It rotates at a speed of 540 rpm. Assuming the jet ratio as 10 and overall efficiency as
84%, calculate:
(i) The diameter of the wheel.
(ii) The quantity of water required and
(iii) The number of jets.
7 (a) What do you understand by specific speed of a turbine? What is its use?
(b) What is the necessity of governing the turbines?
(c) How do you say that geometrically similar velocity triangles assure kinematic similarity?
8 (a) Differentiate between the volute casing and vortex casing for the centrifugal pump.
(b) Write short notes on NPSH in centrifugal pumps.
(c) A multistage centrifugal pump is required to lift 1820 liters of water per minute. From a
mine, the total head including friction being 672 m. If the speed of the pump is 2920 rpm,
how many stages are required? Ns for impeller = 600.
MATHEMATICS II
Syllabus
Syllabus of JNTU BTech Common Syllabus - MA05363 / MA05361 / MA07361
Mathematical Methods
MATHEMATICAL METHODS
UNIT I
Matrices and Linear systems of equations: Elementary row transformations-Rank-Echelon form, Normal form Solution
of Linear Systems Direct Methods- LU Decomposition- LU Decomposition from Gauss Elimination Solution of
Tridiagonal Systems-Solution of Linear Systems
UNIT II
Eigen values, eigen vectors properties Cayley-Hamilton Theorem - Inverse and powers of a matrix by CayleyHamilton theorem Diagonolization of matrix. Calculation of powers of matrix Modal and spectral matrices.
UNIT III
Real matrices Symmetric, skew - symmetric, orthogonal, Linear Transformation Orthogonal Transformation.
Complex matrices: Hermitian, Skew-Hermitian and Unitary Eigen values and eigen vectors of complex matrices and
their properties. Quadratic forms- Reduction of quadratic form to canonical form Rank - Positive, negative definite semi definite - index - signature - Sylvester law.
UNIT IV
Solution of Algebraic and Transcendental Equations: Introduction The Bisection Method The Method of False Position
The Iteration Method Newton-Raphson Method.
Interpolation: Introduction- Errors in Polynomial Interpolation Finite differences- Forward Differences- Backward
differences Central differences Symbolic relations and separation of symbols-Differences of a polynomial-Newtons
formulae for interpolation Central difference interpolation Formulae Gauss Central Difference Formulae
Interpolation with unevenly spaced points-Lagranges Interpolation formula.
UNIT V
Curve fitting: Fitting a straight line Second degree curve-exponentional curve-power curve by method of least squares.
Numerical Differentiation and Integration Trapezoidal rule Simpsons 1/3 Rule Simpsons 3/8 Rule.
UNIT VI
Numerical solution of Ordinary Differential equations: Solution by Taylors series-Picards Method of successive
Approximations-Eulers Method-Runge-Kutta Methods Predictor-Corrector Methods- Adams- Moulton Method Milnes
Method.
UNIT VII
Fourier Series: Determination of Fourier coefficients Fourier series even and odd functions Fourier series in an
arbitrary interval even and odd periodic continuation Half-range Fourier sine and cosine expansions. Fourier integral
theorem (only statement) Fourier sine and cosine integrals. Fourier transform Fourier sine and cosine transforms
properties inverse transforms Finite Fourier transforms.
UNIT VIII
Formation of partial differential equations by elimination of arbitrary constants and arbitrary functions solutions of first
order linear (Lagrange) equation and nonlinear (standard type) equations. Method of separation of variables. ztransform inverse z-transform - properties Damping rule Shifting rule Initial and final value theorems.
Convolution theorem Solution of difference equation by z-transforms.
Text Books:
1. Mathematical Methods, T. K. V. Iyengar, B. Krishna Gandhi and Others, S. Chand & Company.
2. Mathematical Methods, C. Sankaraiah, V. G. S. Book Links.
3. A text book of Mathematical Methods, V. Ravindranath, A. Vijayalaxmi, Himalaya Publishers.
4. A text book of Mathematical Methods, Shahnaz Bathul, Right Publisshers.
References:
1. A text Book of Engineering Mathematics, B. V. Raman, Tata Mc Graw Hill.
2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Irvin Kreyszig, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.
3. Numerical Methods for Scientific and Engineering Computation, M. K. Jain, S. R. K. Iyengar & R. K. Jain, New Age
International Publishers.
4. Elementary Numerical Analysis, Aitkinson & Han, Wiely India, 3rd Edition, 2006
Objective
MATHEMATICAL METHODS
IMPORTANCE OF THE SUBJECT
I .Matrices:- Matrix theory is a Powerful tool in several branches of Engineering and it is the study of many subjects like Physics,
Mechanics, statistics, Electronics ,Circuits and Computers.
2. Real and Complex Matrices, Quadratic forms:We introduce matrices with Complex elements which are called Complex matrices and define three important types of
matrices which will be used in many areas like Quantum Mechanics. The Quadratic form is used in different branches of engineering
to get the roots.
.
3. Solution of Algebraic and Transcendental equations, Interpolation:The Determination of roots of an equation of the form f(x)=0 has great importance in the fields of Science and
Engineering. Interpolation is used in different fields of engineering and science to find forward differences, Backward differences,
differences of a polynomial, errors in Polynomial Interpolation, extrapolation, Central differences etc.
4. Curve fitting and Numerical differentiation & Integration:Engineers and Scientists are frequently faced with the problem of differentiation (or) Integration of some functions. If the functions
have a closed form representation and are amenable for standard calculus methods, then differentiation and Integration can be
carried out.
5. Numerical Solutions of Ordinary Differential equations:Many problems in Science and Engineering can be formulated into Ordinary differential equations. These Numerical solutions
of ODE are used in different fields of engineering & sciences in Mechanics, Physics, Electronics Circuits etc.
6. Fourier series:
In this chapter we discuss the application of finite and infinite Fourier integral transforms which are mathematical devices from
which we obtain solutions of boundary value problems related to Engineering for example :- Conduction of heat ,free and force
vibrations of a membranes, transverse vibrations of a string, transverse oscillations of an elastic beam etc.
Partial differential equations are a powerful tool used in several branches of engineering and sciences. The equation which
contain one or more partial derivatives are called partial differential equations, the different applications of PDE are used in engineering
8 .Z-Transforms:The Introduction of computer control into system design has led to modelling of discrete time systems through difference eqns .The
technique of Z-Transforms is useful in solving difference eqns. This technique is in particular useful in the area of digital signal
processing and digital filters.
Z-Transforms have properties similar to that of Laplace transforms .It is used in many fields of engineering and sciences.
Lesson Plan
PBR VISVODAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE KAVALI.
LECTURE SCHEDULE - 2012
SUBJECT : MATHEMATICS-II
BRANCH: M.E
DATE
NO. OF
PERIODS
UNITI:Matrices: Elementary row transformations Rank Normal form
18
Echelon form Consistency Solution of system of simultaneous
linear homogeneous and non-homogeneous equations. Eigen values,
Eigen vectors Properties Cayley-Hamilton Theorem Inverse and
powers of a matrix by Cayley-Hamilton theorem.
11
08
07
07
08
09
08
76
ST
TEXT BOOK: A Text Book of Engineering Mathematics, VolII, T.K.V. Iyengar, B. Krishna Gandhi and Others.
REFERENCE: A Text Book of Engineering Mathematics, B.V. Raman, Tata Mc Graw Hill.
MiD- I(Subjective).
Date:07/12/2012(AN).
Time: 90 min.
MATHEMATICAL METHODS
Max.marks:20.
***************************************************************************************
ANSWER ANY THREE OF THE FOLLOWING
4
1. a) Find the Rank of the Matrix A=
8
3
By reducing it in Echelon form.
4 7 13
4 3 1
1
2
3
1
8 6 2
2 4 3
2. a) Find the non-singular matrices P and Q so that PAQ is of the normal form where
1 2 3 2
A= 2 2 1 3 .
3 0 4 1
8 8 2
b) Verify Cayley -Hamilton theorem for the matrix A = 4 3 2 and find A-1 & A4.
3 4 1
0 1
1
0 1 1
b) Prove that the following set of equations are Consistent and solve them
3x + 3y+2z = 1,
x+2y = 4,
10y+3z = -2,
2x -3y - z = 5.
4. a)
5.
Prove that a every square matrix can be uniquely expressed as sum of symmetric and skew
Find the Orthogonal transformation which transforms the quadratic form x12 + 3x22+ 3x32- 2x2x3
to canonical form by Orthogonalization also find Rank Index, signature and its nature.
symmetric.
Time 20min.
MID-I(Objective);
MATHEMATICAL METHODS
a) 1
b) 0
c) 1
a) A T = A
b) AT = A
a) 1/1, ,1/3
c) AT = - A
1 2 5
0 2 6
0 0 3
b) 1,-2, -3
b) 1 , 2
c) 2
c) 1,2,3
d)0, 1, 2
d) AT .A = 0
are -------
d)2,3
a) 0
d) 2
3.
Date:03/12/2012.
x 2 x y 0 3
=
then x,y,z and a values are ---------- z 3 4a 8 4 12
5. If
a) 2,1,7,5
b) -2,1,7,5
c) 2, -1, 7, -5
d) 2 , 1, -7, 5
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d)3
1 1
is --------------------------------------------------2 5
b) 2-6 = 3
c) 2-6 = -3
a) 2, 3
b) 7, 5
d) -2- 6 -3 =0
2 2 1
1 3 1
3x3
1 2 2
c) -7, -5
10. If A =
a) -1,1/2,1/3
d)Polynomial.
b) 1,1/2,1/3
c) 1,1/2,3
a) AA = -I
b) equation.
c) Characteristic equation.
1 2 3
0 2 5
0 0 3
d)1/7, 1/5
9. Cayley Hamilton theorem states that every square matrix satisfies its own ----a) Characteristic root.
b) ATA = I
c) AA- = I
d)-1,-1/2,-1/3
[
d) AA = I
12. The symmetric matrix associated with the quadratic form x2-18xy+5y2 is --------
9
1
2 / 9 5
a)
1 9
9 5
9 1
5 9
b)
c)
1 9
9 5
d)
13. A Homogeneous expression of the second degree in any number of variables is called ..
a)Unit matrix
a) Nilpotent
d) Homogeneous expression
1 1 i 1 i
is..
2 1 i 1 i
b) Orthogonal
c) Symmetric
a) Null matix
b) Sparse Matrix
c) Rectangular Matrix
d) Unit Matrix
c) Rank of A=0
c) Nilpotent Matrix
[
b)Involutory Matrix
d) Periodic Matrix
d) r < n
d) Unitary
15. If the most of a elements of a Matrix are zero then the matrix is called as --------------
(a) 2+A1 - a2 =0
b) Quadratic equation
c) Quadratic form
14. The Matrix A=
a) Rank
b) Index
c) Signature
d) Semi definite
20. The Difference between positive and negative terms in the canonical form is called -----
a) Rank
b) Signature
c) Index
d) definite
Time: 90 min.
Date: 02/02/12(AN).
Max.marks:30.
*********************************************************************
ANSWER ANY THREE OF THE FOLLOWING; EACH QUESTION CARRIES 10 MARKS
(b) Find the positive root of the equation cosx-2x+3=0 by using Iteration method.
2. (a) The population of a town in the decimal census was given below. Estimate the population for the
Year 1895 and 1925.
Year(x)
1891
1901
1911
1921
1931
Population(Y)
46
66
81
93
101
In thousands
(b) Given 1 =22, 2=30, 4 =82, 7=106, 8=206. Find 6 use Lagranges Interpolation formula.
3. (a) Derive the Normal Equations for II degree parabola y=a+bx+cx2 by using method of least squares.
(b) Fit the curve of the form y=a
4. (a) Evaluate
77
100
185
239
285
2.4
3.4
7.0
11.1
19.6
1.5
2.
2.5
3.5
3.375
13.625
24
38.87
59
5. Using Modified
approximate value of y when x=0.4.Given that
=x+y,y(0)=1.with h=0.1.
***Good Luck***
Roll No.
Name: ________________________,
Marks:
10
Date: 27/02/2013(AN).
Max.marks:20 =10.
***************************************************************************
Answer the following questions:
1. Example for Transcendental equation is -------------------a)X2-logX-12=0
b)X3+2X2+X+1=0
c)X3-3X-5=0
[
d)X3-5X+1=0
[
d)never fails
[
d) Very slow
c)f(x+h)-f(x)
d)f(x-h)
ab
2
b) X1=
af (b) bf (a)
f (b) f (a)
c)Xn+1=Xn-
f ( xn )
f 1( xn )
]
con
]
d) X1=(x0)
[
d)0
11. The process of finding the function value outside the given range is called as -----[
]
a)Interpolation
b)Extrapolation
c) Inverse Interpolation
d) Regression
12. The formula for Shift operator is -------------------a)Ef(x)=f(x+h)
b)Ef(x)=f(x-h)
c)Ef(x)=f(x+2h)
[
]
d)Ef(x)=f(x-2h)
a) y(x1)=y1
b) y(x0)= y0
c) y(x2)= y2
d)1
d) None
Question Bank
VISVODAYA TECHNICAL ACADEMY(PBR VITS & VEC) ,KAVALI.
MODEL QUESTIONS FOR MID-I,II,III EXAMINATIONS
SUB:MATHEMATICAL METHODS (MM)
UNIT-I
BRANCH: ECE,CSE&EEE.
1 2 3
2 3 4
1 1 1
1 2 3
2 3 1
1 1 2
3.a) Find the Rank of a matrix A=
3 1 3
6 3 0
-1
-4
by using Row-Echelon method
-2
-7
4 3 2
3 1 4
2
b) Reduce in to Row-Echelon form & find the Rank of a matrix A=
1
0
4.a) Find the Rank 0f
2
6
3
7
6
2
6
3
9
12
1
by reducing it into Normal form
3 7 5
5 11 6
1
3
3
4
2 3
1 1
2
2
m
5.a) Test for Consistency of the following system of equations and solve
X+y+2z=4,2x-y+3z=9,3x-y-z=2.
is (I)3 (II)2
1 2 1
******************************************************************************
UNIT-II
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1.a) show that the matrix A=
is the Orthogonal matrix .
2 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
b) Every square matrix is uniquely expressed as the sum of symmetric & skew symmetric.
c) The Inverse of orthogonal matrix is orthogonal.
4 2 3
1 3i
4
b) Define Hermitian matrix and find Eigen values of a matrix A=
7
1 3i
3.a) Prove that the Eigen values of Hermitian matrix are Real.
b) Prove that the Eigen values of Skew-Hermitian matrix are purely Imaginary or zero.
4.a) Find the Quadratic form corresponding the matrix
b) Reduce the Q.F x12 + x22 + x32 -2x1x2 + 10 x2x3 +2 x1x3 to Canonical form by Lagranges reduction
5) Find the Canonical form corresponding Q.F 2x2 +2y2+2z2-2xy-2yz-2zx also find Rank,Index,
Signature and Nature of a Quadratic form.
6) Find the Canonical form corresponding Q.F 6x12+3x22+3x32-4x1x2-2x2x3+4x1x3 by
Diagonalization.
******************************************************************************
UNIT-III
1. (a) Find a real root of the equation x = e-x, using the Newton-Raphson method.
(b) Consider the following data for g(x) = (sin x) / x2
Calculate g(0.25) accurately using Newtons Forward method of interpolation.
x
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
g(x) 9.9833 4.9696 3.2836 2.4339 1.9177
2. (a) Find the root of the equation x3-5x+1=0 Using the Bisection method in 5 stages.
x
(b) Find the root of the equation x log10
1.2 Using False position method.
3. (a) Find an approximate root of the equation -4x+9=0 by using Bisection method.
(b) Find the positive root of the equation cosx-2x+3=0 by using Iteration method.
4.
(a) The population of a town in the decimal census was given below. Estimate the
population for the Year 1895 and 1925.
Year(x)
1891
1901
1911
1921
1931
Population(Y)
46
66
81
93
101
In thousands
(b) Given 1 =22, 2=30, 4 =82, 7=106, 8=206. Find 6 use Lagranges Interpolation formula
5.
6.
******************************************************************************
UNIT-IV
1.
(a) Fit a second degree parabola following data by the method of least squares.
X
10
12
15
23
20
Y
(b) Evaluate
14
17
23
25
21
by Trapezoidal, Simpsons 1/3 rd , Simpsons 3/8 th rules
3.
2.2
9.0256
7.52
2.06
X
Y
0
1.0
1
1.8
2
1.3
3
2.5
4
6.3
4.
Evaluate
5.
6.
x
y
/2
(b)Evaluate
sin x dx
0
1
2
3
4
1.0 1.8 1.3 2.5 6.3
by Simpsons rule.
*****************************************************************************
UNIT-V
1. Using Eulers method, solve for y at x=0.1from
dy
x y xy ,y(0)=1 with h=0.025.
dx
dy
xy y 2 , with y (0) =1 at x=0.1.
dx
dy y 2 x 2
dx y 2 x 2
Rule.
= 1-y , y(0)=0 in the range 0 x 0.3 by taking h=0.1 by Modified Eulers method.
= (y-x)/(y+x) , y(0)=1 by Picards method method.
********************************************************************************
UNIT-VI
1.a) Obtain the Fourier series to represent f(x)=
b) Find Fourier series of f(X)=
in 0<x<2
in 0<x<2
2.a) Find Fourier series to represent f(x)=x-x2 in [-,+ Hence show that
b) Find Fourier series of f(x)=
1 1 1
2
.........
12 22 32
6
3.a) Expand f(x)=xsinx , 0<x<2 as a Fourier series
b) Find the Fourier series expansion of
4.a) Obtain the Fourier series for the function f(x)=
b) Find Fourier series of f(x)=
in [-,+
from 0<x<2
1 1 1
2
.........
12 22 32
12
1 1 1
2
.........
12 32 52
8
5.a) If f(x)=IcosxI , Expand f(x) as a fourier series in the interval [-,+
b) Find the Half-Range cosine and sine series for the function f(x)=x in *0,2+.
6.a) Find Fourier series to represent f(x)= x2-2 in (-2,2).
b) Express f(x)=x as a series Half-Range cosine series in the interval 0<x<2.
FOURIER TRANSFORMS:
1.a) Using Fourier Integral show that
2(b2 a 2 )
(1 cos x)sin x
sin x
dxd
a 2 )( 2 b2 )
e ax
(a>0)
x
1 s
F
a a
4.a) If F(s) is the complex Fourier transform of f(x) then Fourier transform of f(x-a) is eisa F ( s)
b) If F(s) is the complex Fourier transform of f(x) then Fourier transform of f(x)cosax is
1
f ( s a) f ( s a)
2
1
and hence deduce cosine transform of
x( x a 2 )
2
1
( x a2 )
2
UNIT-VII
1)
Z=ax+by+(a/b)-b.
2)
3)
(x-h)2+(y-k)2+Z2=r2.
Z=logb((y-1)/(x-1)).
4)
x2 y2 z2
1
a2 b2 c2
BRANCH: C.E
3 4
4 10
then AB=
.
2 5
3 8
3
2) If A=[1 2 3] and B= 2 then AB=[10]
1
1 3
3) The Inverse of the matrix
is It has no inverse
2 6
4) If I is a unit matrix of order n then |I|= 1
5) The Rank of a singular matrix of order n is <n
6) If A is a order of 3 non singular matrix ,then its rank is 3
7) The number of non zero rows in Echelon form is called Rank of a matrix
I 0
8) Thae general form of Normal form is r
0 0
9) The rank of a unit matrix of order 4 is 4
10) If A and B are matrices and if AB is defined ,then the rank of AB is min rankA, rankB
1 1
2
11) The characteristic equation of
is 6 3 0
2 5
1 1
12) If 1,2,3 are the Eigen values of the matrix A then the Eigen values of A1 are 1, ,
2 3
a h g
cos sin
20) The matrix A=
is orthogonal
sin cos
21) The diagonal elements of a skew-symmetric matrix are all zero
22) The transpose of an orthogonal matrix is orthogonal
23) The matrix A is Hermitian if A A
i
2 3i
24) The conjugate of
2 3i
i
i
2 3i
is
2 3i
i
25) The Eigen values of skew-Hermitian matrix are purely imaginary or zero
26) The matrix A is unitary if A A AA I
27) The function f(x) is an Even if f(-x)=f(x)
28) The function f(x) is an Odd if f(-x)=-f(x)
29) The Fourier series of f(x) in the interval (c,c+2)is f(x)=
a0
an cos nx bn sin nx
2 n1
30) If x=a is a point of discontinuity then the Fourier series of f(X) at x=a is given by f x
1
f (a 0) f (a 0)
2
4
6 by reducing it to echelon form.
3
2 1 2
B.Tech II Year I Semester (R09) Regular and Supplementary Examinations, November 2012
MATHEMATICS -
1 2 3 2
(Common
2 3 5 1to AE, BT, CE and ME)
Find
the
rank
of
the
matrix
(b)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 70
1 Answer
FIVE questions
3 4 5any
All questions carry equal marks
*****
2 (a)
(b)
2 i
3i
is skew Hermitian. Find its eigen values.
2 i i
Show that B =
3 (a)
(b)
4 (a)
(b)
5 (a)
(b)
6 (a)
(b)
7 (a)
(b)
Evaluate
0.6
Solve
dy
= y + x2, y(0) = 2 for y at x = 0.4 by obtaining initial solutions from Runge Kutta method.
dx
*****
Page 2 of 2
www.jntuworld.com
www.jwjobs.net
Code: 9ABS301
B.Tech II Year I Semester (R09) Regular and Supplementary Examinations, November 2012
MATHEMATICS -
(Common to AE, BT, CE and ME)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
*****
2 1 1
4 5
(b)
2 (a)
(b)
3 (a)
(b)
2i 3i
3i 0
4 (a)
(b)
State and prove Linear property and change of scale property of Fourier transform.
Find the steady state temperature in a rectangular plate 0 x a, 0 y b, when the sides
x = 0, x = a, y = b are insulated while the edge y = 0 is kept at temperature k
.
Find f ( x) if F
f (x) e as c
Contd. in Page 2
Page 1 of 2
www.jntuworld.com
www.jwjobs.net
Code: 9ABS301
x 2 6x 1
as a sum of partial fractions, using Lagranges
( x 2 1)( x 4)( x 6)
formula.
7 (a)
(b)
Fit an exponential curve of the form y(x) = a ebx to the following data.
X 1
2
3
4
5
Y 2.6 3.3 4.2 5.4 6.9
Find
d2y
dy
and
at x = 1.1 from the following data
dx 2
dx
x
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
y 2.72 3.32 4.06 4.95 6.05 7.39
'
Apply Milne Predictor Corrector method to find y(0.8), y(1.0) from the equation y = y x2,
y(0) = 1 by obtaining the starting values by Euler method.
*****
Page 2 of 2
www.jntuworld.com
www.jwjobs.net
Code: 9ABS301
B.Tech II Year I Semester (R09) Regular and Supplementary Examinations, November 2012
MATHEMATICS -
(Common to AE, BT, CE and ME)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
*****
1 (a)
(b)
2 (a)
(b)
3 (a)
(b)
4 (a)
(b)
1 if 0 x 1
x 1
0 if
3 x
3e 2 x
5 (a)
(b)
Form the partial differential equation by eliminating the arbitrary function from z = y f(x2 + z2).
Solve by method of separation of variables u x = 2u t + u where u(x, 0) = 6e-3x
6 (a)
(b)
7 (a)
(b)
Evaluate
0.6
Solve
dy
= y + x2, y (0) = 2 for y at x = 0.4 by obtaining initial solutions from Runge Kutta method.
dx
*****
B.Tech II Year I Semester (R09) Regular and Supplementary Examinations, November 2012
MATHEMATICS -
(Common to AE, BT, CE and ME)
Time: 3 hours
Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
*****
(b)
2 (a)
(b)
3 (a)
(b)
4 (a)
(b)
b
a satisfies Cayley Hamilton theorem.
a 0
c
0
3
1 2
State Cayley Hamilton theorem and use it to find the inverse of the matrix A = 2 1 4
3 1 1
i 0
with X=
0 i
1
i
2 i 1 i
3
2 i 4 2i
2
1
2
3
Fs (s)
1 cos s
, where 0 x , S 1,2,3....
s
Contd. in Page 2
Page 1 of 2
Find the steady state temperature in a rectangular plate 0 x a, 0 y b, when the sides x = 0,
x 2 6x 1
as a sum of partial fractions, using Lagranges formula.
( x 2 1)( x 4)( x 6)
7 (a)
Fit an exponential curve of the form y(x) = a ebx to the following data.
x
1
2
3
4
5
y 2.6 3.3 4.2 5.4 6.9
(b)
Find
d2y
dy
at x = 1.1 from the following data
and
dx 2
dx
x
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
y 2.72 3.32 4.06 4.95 6.05 7.39
'
Apply Milne Predictor Corrector method to find y(0.8), y(1.0) from the equation y = y x2, y(0) = 1
by obtaining the starting values by Euler method.