Rompeolas 20.2

Final Report / Informe Final
Breakwater Design Development / Desarollo

del Diseo del Rompeolas
Final Report / Informe Final
APM Container Terminal,
Mo n, Costa Rica / APM Terminal de
Contenedores, Mo n, Costa Rica
Preparedfor/Preparadopara
APM Terminals, S.A.

Preparedby/Preparadopor
Baird in association with CH2M HILL /

Baird en asociacin con CH2M HILL
ThisreportwaspreparedbyW.F.Baird&Associates
Ltd.(Baird)forCH2MHILL.Thematerialinitreflects
thejudgmentofBairdinlightoftheinformation
availabletothematthetimeofpreparation.Anyuse
whichaThirdPartymakesofthisreport,orany
relianceondecisionstobemadebasedonit,arethe
responsibilityofsuchThirdParties.Bairdacceptsno
responsibilityfordamages,ifany,sufferedbyanyThird
Partyasaresultofdecisionsmadeoractionsbasedon
thisreport.
EsteinformefuepreparadoporW.F.Baird&
AssociatesLtd.(Baird)paraCH2MHILL.Elmaterialque
reflejaelcriteriodeBairdalaluzdelainformacin
disponibleparaellosenelmomentodelapreparacin.
Cualquierusoqueuntercerohacedeesteinformeosu
confianzaenquesetomendecisionessobrelabasede
queesresponsabilidaddedichosterceros.Bairdnose
haceresponsableporlosdaossufridosensucasopor
cualquiertercerocomoconsecuenciadelasdecisiones
tomadasoaccionesbasadasenesteinforme.
March22,2013/22demarzo,2013
Contents / Contenido
1.
Introduction/Introduccin..................................................................................................................11
2.
DesignRequirements/RequerimientosdeDiseo...............................................................................21
2.1
DesignCriteria/CriteriosdeDiseo...............................................................................................21
2.2
DesignMetoceanConditions/CondicionesOceanogrficosyMeterolgicasdeDiseo..............21
2.3
GeotechnicalConsiderations/ConsideracionesGeotcnicas........................................................24
2.4
StoneAvailability/DisponibilidaddeMaterialdePiedra...............................................................25
2.5
ConcreteArmorUnitSelection/SeleccindeUnidaddeArmaduradeConcreto.........................26
2.6
ConcreteArmorUnitStabilityandConcreteDensityRequirements/Requerimientosde
EstabilidadyDensidaddelConcretodelaUnidaddeArmaduradeConcreto...............................28
2.7
WaveOvertopping/OlasqueSobrepasanelRompeolas...............................................................29
2.8
SummaryofDesignConditions/ResumendeCondicionesdeDiseo.........................................211
3.
BreakwaterDesign/DiseodeRompeolas..........................................................................................31
3.1
ModelingUsedintheDesignProcess/ModelacinUtilizadaenelProcesodeDiseo................31
3.2
BreakwaterAlignmentOverallStructurePlan/AlineamientodelRompeolasPlantaGeneralde
Estructura........................................................................................................................................31
3.3
BreakwaterAlignmentStubBreakwaterLength/AlineamientodelRompeolasLongituddel
EspolndelRompeolas....................................................................................................................34
3.4
BreakwaterArmorUnitTransition/RompeolasTransicindelaUnidaddeArmadura..........36
3.5
BreakwaterCrossSections/CortesTransversalesdelRompeolas.................................................38
3.6
ArmorLayerStability/EstabilidaddelaCapadeArmadura..........................................................39
3.7
UnderlayerStability/EstabilidaddelaCapaInferior...................................................................313
3.8
CoreMaterial/MaterialdeNcleo...............................................................................................314
3.9
CrestDesign/DiseodelaCresta.................................................................................................314
3.10 ToeandBeddingLayer/CapadeCamadelPie............................................................................318
4.
EstimatedQuantities/CantidadesEstimadas......................................................................................41
5.
SummaryandRecommendations/ResumenyRecomendaciones.......................................................51
6.
References/Referencias......................................................................................................................61
Tables/Cuadros
1.1
2.1
2.2
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
MainSupportingTechnicalDocuments/PrincipalesDocumentosTcnicosdeSoporte............................12
DesignHighWaterLevelforBreakwater/NivelSuperiordelMardeDiseoparaelRompeolas...............24
SummaryofCurrentBreakwaterDesignConditions/ResmendelasCondicionesActualesdeDiseodel
Rompeolas...................................................................................................................................................211
TimeofreducedcraneproductivityforavesselmooredatBerth3(allowablesurgemotionthreshold=
0.2m)/TiempodeproductividadreducidadegraparaunbarcoatracadoenelPuestodeAtraque3
(lmitepermisibledemovimientodeavance(surge)=0,2m)......................................................................34
TimeofreducedcraneproductivityforavesselmooredatBerth3(allowablesurgemotionthreshold=
0.5m)/TiempodeproductividadreducidadegraparaunbarcoatracadoenelPuestodeAtraque3
(lmitepermisibledemovimientodeavance(surge)=0,5m)......................................................................35
ArmorStoneSizeAlongSouthwestSide/TamaodeArmaduradePiedraalolargodelLadoSuroeste...39
ArmorTypeandSizealongBreakwaterLength/TipoyTamaodeArmaduraalolargodelaLongituddel
Rompeolas...................................................................................................................................................312
StableStoneSizeversusAssumedThresholdWaveHeight/TamaoEstabledelaPiedraversusLmitede
AlturadelaOlaAsumido.............................................................................................................................313
TBG030713120850PHL
III
CONTENTS
3.6
4.1
APM CONTAINER TERMINAL AT MON, COSTA RICA BREAKWATER DESIGN DEVELOPMENT FINAL
REPORT/ APM TERMINAL DE CONTENEDORES DE MON, COSTA RICA, DESARROLLO DEL DISEO DEL ROMPEOLAS INFORME FINAL
EstimatedWaveOvertoppingRates(WaterLevel=+0.6mMLD)/TasasEstimadasdeRebalsedelaOla
(NiveldelMar=0,6mMLD).......................................................................................................................316
EstimatedQuantities/CantidadesEstimadas..............................................................................................41
Figures/Figuras
1.1
2.1
2.2
2.3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
APMTerminalGeneralArrangementandBreakwaterLayoutPhase2A/TerminaldeAPM,Arreglo
GeneralyPlantaGeneraldelRompeolasFase2A.....................................................................................11
AverageRecurrenceIntervalvs.OffshoreSignificantWaveHeightsforWestboundTropicalStorms/
IntervaloMediodeRecurrenciavs.AlturasdeOlaSignificativasMarAdentroparaTormentasTropicales
conRumboOeste..........................................................................................................................................22
VariousBreakwaterArmorUnits(fromUSACE,2002)/DiferentesUnidadesdeArmadurasdeRompeolas
(deUSACE,2002)............................................................................................................................................27
OvertoppingofCoastalStructures/RebalsedeEstrucurasCosteras.......................................................211
MarineTerminalLayoutsOriginal(top)andRevised(bottom)/PlantasGeneralesdelaTerminal
MarinaOriginal(superior)yRevisada(inferior).........................................................................................33
ArmorTypeforBreakwaterStructure/TipodeArmaduraparalaEstructuradelRompeolas...................37
SectionAA/CorteAA.................................................................................................................................38
SectionBB/CorteBB..................................................................................................................................38
SectionCC/CorteCC..................................................................................................................................39
StabilityModelConstruction/ConstruccindelModelodeEstabilidad...................................................311
SampleCrossSectionforCrestAssessment/MuestradeCorteparaValoracindelaCresta.................315
DesignCrestElevationsalongBreawakterAlignment/ElevacionesdelaCrestadeDiseoalolargodel
Rompeolas...................................................................................................................................................317
Appendices/Apndices
A
B
C
IV
DesignCalculations/ClculosdeDiseo
QuantityCalculations/ClculosdeCantidades
PhysicalModelingSummaries/ResumenesdelaModelacinFsica
TBG030713120850PHL
SECTION1
SECCIN1
Thepurposeofthisreportistosummarizethefinaldesign
developmentofthebreakwaterstructureassociatedwith
thePhase2AAPMContainerTerminalatMon,CostaRica.
Thedocumentwilldescribethephysicalconditionsthat
formthebasisofdesign,breakwateralignmentandcritical
aspectsofthecrosssections.Thelatestlayoutofthe
terminalisprovidedinFigure1.1andshowsthe
breakwateringreyhatching.
Elpropsitodeesteinformeesresumireldesarrollodel
diseofinaldelaestructuradelrompeolasasociadoconla
Fase2AdelaTerminaldeContenedoresdeAPMMon,
CostaRica.Eldocumentodescribirlascondicionesfsicas
quecomponenlabasedediseo,elalineamientodel
rompeolasyaspectoscrticosdelassecciones
transversales.Elltimotrazadodelaterminalsemuestra
enlaFigura1.1ymuestraelrompeolasenachuradogris.
FIGURE1.1
APMTerminalGeneralArrangementandBreakwaterLayout
Phase2A
FIGURA1.1
TerminaldeAPM,ArregloGeneralyPlantaGeneral del
RompeolasFase2A
Introduction
Introduccin
Sections2and3belowdescribethedesign
requirementsandkeyelementsofthebreakwater
structuredesign.Theyconsistofasummaryofthe
investigationsundertakenbeforepreparationofthis
report.Forfurtherdetails,referenceismadetothe
maindocumentslistedinTable1.1.
TBG030713120850PHL
LasSecciones2y3acontinuacindescribenlos
requisitosdediseoyelementosclavedeldiseodela
estructuradeldique.Consistenenunresumendelas
investigacionesllevadasacaboantesdelapreparacin
deesteinforme.Paramsdetalles,sehacereferenciaa
losdocumentosprincipalesenumeradosenelCuadro
1.1.
11
SECTION 1INTRODUCTION
REPORT/APM TERMINAL DE CONTENEDORES DE MON COSTA RICA DESARROLLO DEL DISEO DEL ROMPEOLAS, INFORME FINAL
TABLE1.1/CUADRO1.1
MainSupportingTechnicalDocuments/PrincipalesDocumentosTcnicosdeSoporte
Analysis
Reference/Date
ReferenceNo.
Author
Anlisis
Referencia/Fecha
Num.Referencia
Autor
Baird
Baird
Baird
TerminalLayoutAssessment
PreliminaryTerminalLayout
ValoracindelaPlantaGeneral
delaTerminal
AssessmentTask1(December7,2012)
WavesandWaterLevels
FinalMetoceanReport(February15,2013)
OleajeyNivelesdelMar
InformeFinaldeDatosOceanogrficosyMeteorolgicos(15
Febrero,2013)
StoneAvailability
LocalStoneMaterialsInvestigation(July23,2012)
DisponibilidaddeMaterialde
Piedra
InvestigacinLocaldeMaterialesdePiedra(23Julio,2012)
12
PlantaGeneralPreliminardelaTerminalValoracinTarea1
(7Diciembre,2012)
ArmorUnitLetter(September5,2012)
CartadeUnidaddeArmadura(5Septiembre,2012)
ArmorUnitSelection
ArmorUnitLetter(September5,2012)
SeleccindeUnidaddeArmadura
CartadeUnidaddeArmadura(5Setiembre,2012)
SlopeStability
SlopeStabilityAnalysisforNorthBreakwaterDike(February
11,2013)
EstabilidaddelTalud
AnlisisdeEstabilidaddeTaludesparaalDiqueNortedel
Rompeolas(11Febrero2013)
12
Baird
CH2MHILL
11
CH2MHILL
10
CH2MHILL
14
NRC
SlopeStabilityEmailCommunication
ComunicacinporCorreoElectrnicodeEstabilidaddelTalud
Settlement
Asentamiento
SettlementEstimatesforthePhase2ATerminal(February5,
2013)
EstimadosdeAsentamientoparalaFase2AdelaTerminal(5
Febrero,2013)
HydraulicStability
EstabilidadHidrulica
2Dand3DPhysicalModelStudiesofBreakwaterStabilityat
Mon,CostaRica(March2013)
EstudiosdeModeloFsico2Dy3DdelaEstabilidaddel
RompeolasenMon,CostaRica(Marzo2013)
Overtopping
OvertoppingMemo(December5,2012)
Baird
OlasqueSobrepasan
(overtopping)
MemorandumdeOlasqueSobrepasan(overtopping)(5
Diciembre,2012)
14
NRC
2Dand3DPhysicalModelStudiesofBreakwaterStabilityat
Mon,CostaRica(March2013)
EstudiosdeModeloFsico2Dy3DdelaEstabilidaddel
RompeolasenMon,CostaRica(Marzo2013)
ShipMotion/
MarineOperabilityMemorandum(February11,2013)
Baird
BreakwaterStubLength
3DPhysicalModelStudiesofWaveAgitationofModelStudies
atthePortofMon(February2013)
15
NRC
MovimientodeBarcos/Longitud
delEspolndelRompeolas
MemorandumdeOperatividadMarina(Febrero2013)
EstudiosdeModeloFsico3DdeAgitacindeOlasde
EstudiosdeModelosenPuertoMon(informependiente)
Note:NRCisanationalresearchcenterinOttawa,CanadaandincludestheCanadianHydraulicsCentre.
Nota:NRCesuncentrodeinvestigacinnacional,situadoenOttawaCanadeincluyeelCentroCanadiensedeHidrulica.
12
TBG030713120850PHL
SECTION2
SECCIN2
2.1
2.1 Criterios de Diseo
Design Requirements
Design Criteria
Requerimientos de Diseo
Criteriathatmustbemetforthedesignofthebreakwater
aredefinedintheConcessionAgreement.Theseareas
follows:
Loscriteriosquesedebencumplirparaeldiseodeldique
estndefinidosenelContratodeConcesin.stossonlos
siguientes:
DesignLife60years;and
VidatildelDiseo60aos;y
Failureprobabilityoffailureofthestructureshould
benomorethan10%duringthedesignlife.
Fallaprobabilidaddefalladelaestructuradebeser
nomsde10%durantelavidadediseo.
Inordertomeetthetwocriteriaabove,anoffshore
significantwaveheightwithanestimatedAverage
RecurrenceInterval(ARI)of570yearsisusedasthebasis
fordesigndevelopment.
Conelfindesatisfacerlosdoscriteriosanteriores,se
utilizunaalturasignificativadelaolamaradentroconun
intervalopromedioderecurrenciaestimada(ARI)de570
aos,comolabaseparaeldesarrollodeldiseo.
2.2
2.2 Condiciones Oceanogrficas

y Meteorolgicas de Diseo
Design Metocean
Conditions
Thefollowingsectionsprovideabriefsummaryofthe
designmetoceanconditionsadoptedforthisproject.
AdditionalinformationisprovidedintheMetocean
Report.
Enlasseccionessiguientesseofreceunbreveresumende
lascondicionesdediseometeorolgicasyoceanogrficas
adoptadasparaesteproyecto.Seproporcionainformacin
adicionalenelinformemeteorolgicayoceanogrfica.
2.2.1 Wave Conditions
2.2.1 Condiciones de Oleaje
ThewaveclimateatMonwasanalyzedbyBaird(ref4)
usingacombinationoffieldmeasurementsandnumerical
modeling.Attheprojectsite,wavescanbeclassifiedby
twomaintypes.Thefirstareoperationalwaveswhich
influencethedailyactivitiesattheport,suchasloadingof
vesselsandnavigation.Theyareveryfrequentbutnot
largeenoughtogovernthestructuralstabilityofthe
breakwater.
ElclimadeoleajeenMonfueanalizadoporBaird(ref4)
utilizandounacombinacindemedicionesdecampoy
modelacinnumrica.Enelsitiodelproyecto,lasolasse
puedenclasificarendostiposprincipales.Lasprimerasson
lasolasdeoperacinqueinfluyenenlasactividadesdiarias
enelpuerto,comolacargadelosbarcosylanavegacin.
Sonmuyfrecuentes,peronolosuficientementegrandes
comoparaguiarlaestabilidadestructuraldelrompeolas.
Thesecondtypeofwaveisproducedbyrare,but
potentiallyextremeevents,suchashurricanes.Thewave
conditionsrelatedtohurricaneswillproduceamore
severeconditionwhencomparedtooperationalwaves,
andarethereforeusedtodesignthestructure.
Elsegundotipodeolaesproducidaporlos
acontecimientospocofrecuentes,peropotencialmente
extremos,comoloshuracanes.Lascondicionesdeoleaje
relacionadasconhuracanesproducirnunacondicinms
extremacuandosecomparaconlasolasdeoperacin,y
portantoseutilizanparaeldiseodelaestructura.
Fromareviewofrecords,nearlyallthehurricanesand
tropicalsystemsthatwillinfluencethewaveclimateatthe
sitetendtotrackinanortherlyorwesterlydirection.An
analysisofnorthboundhurricanesindicatesthatthe
resultingwaveheightatthesitewouldbelessthan
2.2m.Westboundhurricaneshaveproducedgreater
significantwaveheightsatthesite,rangingfrom3.7mto
4.7m,basedonnumericalsimulationofthefivemost
Apartirdeunarevisindelosregistros,casitodoslos
huracanesysistemastropicalesqueinfluirnenelclimade
oleajeenelsitiotiendenaseguirunatrayectoriaen
direccinhaciaelnorteoeloeste.Unanlisisdelos
huracanesendireccinnorteindicaquelaalturaola
resultanteenelsitioseramenora2,2m.Loshuracanes
endireccinoestehanproducidomayoresalturasdeola
enlazona,quevandesde3,7ma4,7m,basadoenla
TBG030713120850PHL
21
SECTION 2DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

severeeventsintheprevious161years.However,a
statisticalanalysisusingonlyfiveeventsresultsinerror
bandsthatareverylargeandmayrenderconclusionsthat
areunreliable.Inordertoimprovethereliabilityofthese
results,astudywasundertakeninvolvingthesimulationof
220randomlygeneratedsynthetichurricanes,whichwere
basedonhistoricaleventsintheCaribbeanregion.
simulacinnumricadeloscincoeventosmsgravesen
losltimos161aos.Sinembargo,unanlisisestadstico
concincoeventosgeneramrgenesdeerrormuygrandes
ypuedenarrojarconclusionespocofiables.Conelfinde
mejorarlaconfiabilidaddeestosresultados,serealizun
estudioqueimplicalasimulacinde220huracanes
generadosalazardemanerasinttica,quesebasanen
acontecimientoshistricosenlaregindelCaribe.
Thesimulationproducedasetofoffshorewaveheightsat
Mon,whichweretransformedtothe22mcontour.
Thesevalueswerethenusedinanextremevalueanalysis,
fittingaWeibulldistributionforwavesgreaterthantwo
meters.ThegraphinFigure2.1presentstheoffshore
significantwaveheightforvariousreturnperiodsrelated
towestboundtropicalsystems.Northboundsystemsare
withintherangeoftheoperationalwavesandwere
thereforenotconsideredinthisanalysis.
Lasimulacinprodujounconjuntodealturadelasolas
maradentroenMon,quesetransformaronalacurvade
nivelde22m.Estosvaloresseutilizaronacontinuacin
enunanlisisdevalorextremo,ajustandounadistribucin
deWeibullparalasolasdemsdedosmetros.Elgrfico
delaFigura2.1presentalaalturadeolamaradentropara
variosperiodosderetornorelacionadosconlossistemas
tropicaleshaciaeloeste.Lossistemascondireccinnorte
estndentrodelrangodelasolasdeoperacinynose
consideranporlotantoenesteanlisis.
ReferringtoFigure2.1,theoffshoresignificantwave
heightrelatedtothe570yearARIisestimatedtobe6.2m
inawaterdepthof22m.Asnotedearlier,thiseventwas
adoptedasthedesignconditionforthebreakwaterand
wasusedinthephysicalmodelingofbreakwaterstability
andovertopping.Thephysicalmodeltestsincluded
simulationofshallowwaterwavetransformations
shorewardofthe22mcontour.
HaciendoreferenciaalaFigura2.1,laalturadeola
significativamaradentroenrelacinconelperodode
retornode570aosseestimaen6,2maunaprofundidad
de22m.Comosesealanteriormente,esteeventofue
adoptadocomolacondicindediseoparaelrompeolasy
fueutilizadoenelmodeladofsicodeestabilidadyrebalse
delrompeolas.Lospruebasconmodelosfsicosincluyenla
simulacindetransformacionesdeolaenaguaspoco
profundashacialacostaalacurvadenivelde22m.
FIGURE2.1
AverageRecurrenceIntervalvs.OffshoreSignificantWave
HeightsforWestboundTropicalStorms
FIGURA2.1
IntervaloMediodeRecurrenciavs.AlturasdeOlaSignificativas
MarAdentroparaTormentasTropicalesconRumboOeste
22
TBG030713120850PHL
APM CONTAINER TERMINAL AT MON, COSTA RICA BREAKWATER DESIGN DEVELOPMENT FINAL REPORT
2.2.2 Water Levels
Theanalysesforthedesignwaterlevel,undertakenby
Baird(ref4),comprisedthreecomponents,asfollows:
2.2.2 Niveles del Mar
Losanlisisparaelniveldelmardediseo,realizadopor
Baird(ref4),secomponedetrescomponentes,comose
detallaacontinuacin:
TideLevelInvestigationUseda3year(2009to2012)
waterleveldatasetfromLimnthatwasadjustedto
LocalMonDatum(LMD),thereferencedatum.The
level+0.0mLMDisequivalenttoMeanLowWater
(MLW)atMon.
InvestigacindelNiveldeMareaSeutilizun
conjuntodedatosdelniveldelmardeLimndeun
perodode3aos(2009a2012)seajustalDatum
LocaldeMon(LMD),comodatumdereferencia.El
nivelde0,0mLMDesequivalentealaNivelMediode
Bajamares(MLW)enMon.
WindandPressureSetupWindsetupduringextreme
conditionswasassessedusingtheMIKE21
hydrodynamicmodel.Thismodel,whichusesthe
flexiblemeshapproach,wasdevelopedtoextendfrom
theMonshorelinetoapproximately500mofwater.
Steadystateonshorewindswereappliedtothemodel
todeveloparelationshipbetweenwaterleveland
windspeed.Todeterminepressuresetupvalues,the
resultsfromrandomhurricanesimulationswereused
andsetupwasdefinedusingthepressureatthesite
andtheinversebarometerapproach.
ConfiguracindeVientoyPresinLaconfiguracin
delvientoencondicionesextremasseevalu
medianteelmodelohidrodinmicoMIKE21.Este
modelo,queutilizaelenfoquedemallaflexible,fue
desarrolladoparaextendersedesdelalneadecosta
deMonaaproximadamente500mmaradentro.Se
aplicaronvientosenestadoestableentierrapara
desarrollarunarelacinentreelniveldelmaryla
velocidaddelviento.Paradeterminarlosvaloresde
marejadaciclnica,seutilizaronlosresultadosdelas
simulacionesdehuracanesaleatoriosymarejada
ciclnicasedefiniutilizandolapresinenelsitioyel
enfoquedebarmetroinvertido.
SeaLevelRiseAreviewofSeaLevelRise(SLR)
involvedassessingsevendifferentestimatesthatwere
madebetween2007and2010.Thetimeframe
involvedSLRat2050and2100.
AumentodelniveldelmarUnarevisindelaumento
delniveldelmar(SLR)incluylavaloracindesiete
diferentesestimacionesqueserealizaronentre2007y
2010.ElmarcodetiempoinvolucradoSLRen2050y
2100.
Itisnotedthatsubsidence,orreboundofthelandor
seabedduetotectonicmovementorconsolidation,
wasnotconsidered.Thisissueshouldbeconsideredby
CH2MHILLaspartoftheoverallprojectdesign.
Seobservaquelasubsidencia,orebotedelatierrao
dellechomarinodebidoalmovimientotectnicoo
consolidacin,noseconsider.Esteasuntodeberaser
consideradoporCH2MHILLcomopartedeldiseo
generaldelproyecto.
Thefollowingpointssummarizethedevelopmentofthe
highwaterlevelusedfordesignofthebreakwater:
Lossiguientespuntosresumenlaevolucindelnivelde
aguaaltoutilizadoparaeldiseodelrompeolas:
HighTide:The1%exceedancelevelof+0.3mMon
Datumwasselected.Thisisclosetotheestimated
HighestAstronomicalTide(HAT)levelof+0.34mMon
Datum.Sincethisvalueisbasedonthreeyearsof
recordeddata,itincludessomesealevelanomalies
andsomewindandpressureinducedfluctuations.
StormSurge:Anallowanceof0.1misrecommended
toaccountforstormsurgeassociatedwithwindand
pressuresetup.Whilesomesetupisalreadyincluded
intheselectedtidalelevation,additionalsetup
allowanceisrecommendedforaseverestorm.Itis
MareaAlta:Seseleccionelniveldesuperacindel1%
delos+0,3mdelDatumdeMon.Estoseacercaala
estimacinmsaltamareaastronmica(HAT)elnivel
de0,34mdelDatumdeMon.Dadoqueestevalor
estbasadoentresaosdedatosregistrados,que
incluyealgunasanomalasdelniveldelmaryelviento
yalgunasdelasfluctuacionesdepresininducidas.
MareadeTormenta:Serecomiendatenerencuenta
unaasignacinde0,1m,paralamarejadaasociada
conlaconfiguracindelvientoydelapresin.Apesar
dequeciertamarejadaciclnicayaestincluidaenla
elevacindemareaseleccionada,serecomiendala
23

asignacinadicionaldemarejadaciclnicaparauna
tormentaextrema.Seobservaqueelvalordelamarea
detormentaesrelativamentepequeo,yaqueelsitio
delproyectoseencuentraaunadistanciaconsiderable
delastrayectoriasdehuracanesytormentastropicales
imperantes.
notedthatthestormsurgevalueisrelativelysmall,as
theprojectsiteislocatedasignificantdistancefrom
theprevailingtropicalstormandhurricanetracks.
SeaLevelRise(SLR):TheestimatedrateofSLRinthis
regionis6.7mm/yr.ThemeanSLRoverthe60year
projectdesignlifeis0.20m(i.e.,themeanrepresents
theSLRat30years);thisvaluehasbeenincludedin
thedesignwaterlevel.
Thisinformationhasbeenusedtodefinethedesignwater
leveltobeusedincombinationwiththedesignwave
eventforthebreakwater,assummarizedinTable2.1.
AumentodelNiveldelMar(SLR):Latasaestimadadel
SLRenestareginesde6,7mm/ao.ElSLRpromedio
durantelavidatildediseodelproyectode60aos
esde0,20m(esdecir,lamediarepresentaelSLRde
30aos),valorquesehaincluidoenelniveldelmar
dediseo.
Estainformacinhasidoutilizadaparadefinirelniveldel
mardediseoparaserutilizadoencombinacinconel
eventodeoladediseoparaelrompeolas,comose
resumeenelCuadro2.1.
TABLE2.1
DesignHighWaterLevelforBreakwater
CUADRO2.1
NivelSuperiordelMardeDiseoparaelRompeolas
60YearDesignLife
60aosdeVidatildeDiseo
TidalLevel
+0,30mMonDatum
NiveldeMarea
+0,30DatumMoin
StormSurge(windandpressuresetup)
0,10m
MareadeTormenta(configuracindevientoypresin)
SeaLevelRise
0,20m
AumentodelNiveldelMar
VerticalLandmassDisplacement
Notincluded
DesplazamientoVerticalContinental
Noincluida
DesignHighWaterLevel
+0.60mMonDatum
NiveldelMardeDiseo
+0,60DatumMon
2.3
Geotechnical
Considerations
2.3 Consideraciones Geotcnicas
2.3.1 Seismic Slope Stability
2.3.1 Estabilidad S smica del Talud
CH2MHILLpreparedaTechnicalMemorandumrelatedto
slopestabilityofthebreakwaterunderseismicconditions.
ThestudyinvolvedusingseismiccasesforanOperational
LevelEarthquake(OLE)andagreatereventknownasa
ContingencyLevelEarthquake(CLE).Asurchargeloadof
50KN/m2wasalsoused.Theanalysisassumedthatthe
underlayermaterialisangularandthecorematerialis
rounded.Keyresultsaresummarizedbelow:
CH2MHILLpreparunmemorndumtcnicorelacionado
conlaestabilidaddetaludesdelrompeolasbajo
condicionesssmicas.Elestudioimplicelusodecasosde
SismodeNivelOperativo(OLE)yunmayorevento
conocidoSismodeNiveldeContingencia(CLE).Seutiliz
tambinUnasobrecargade50KN/m2.Elanlisissupone
queelmaterialdecapainferioresangularyelmaterialdel
ncleoesredondeado.Losprincipalesresultadosse
resumenacontinuacin:
24
TBG030713120850PHL
Thefollowingbreakwaterslopesshouldbestable
underthedesignseismicevent:
Lostaludesrompeolassiguientesdebenserestables
bajoeleventodediseossmico:
SeawardSideofReclamation:1.5H:1V
LadohaciaelmardelosTerrenosRecuperadosal
Mar:1.5H:1V
LandwardSideofReclamation:1.25H:1V
LadohacialatierradelosTerrenosRecuperadosal
Mar:1.25H:1V
Forthestubbreakwater,thesetbackfromthetopof
dredgedchannelslopeshouldbe10m.
2.3.2 Settlement
Paraelespolndelrompeolas,elretirodesdelaparte
superioreltaluddelcanaldragadodeberser10m.
2.3.2 Asentamiento
CH2MHILLhasundertakenasettlementanalysisforthe
soilunderneaththebreakwater.Theestimatedlongterm
settlementofthebreakwaterisasfollows:
CH2MHILLhallevadoacabounanlisisdeasentamiento
delsuelodebajodelrompeolas.Elasentamientoestimado
alargoplazodelrompeolaseselsiguiente:
Westside(seawardof6mcontourapprox)0.9m;
LadoOeste(Haciaelmardelacurvadenivel6m
aprox)0.9m;
NorthwestCorner0.9m;
EsquinaNoroeste0.9m;
NortheastCorner1.1m;and
EsquinaNoreste1.1m;y
SoutheastCorner1.0m.
EsquinaSureste1.0m.
Theabovefiguresdonotincludedynamicsettlementof
underlyingsoilandbreakwatermaterialduringseismic
eventsorsettlementduringconstruction.
Lascifrasanterioresnoincluyenelasentamientodinmico
subyacentedelsueloydelmaterialdelrompeolasdurante
eventosssmicosodeasentamientodurantela
construccin.
2.4
2.4 Disponibilidad de Material

de Piedra
Stone Availability
Bairdcarriedoutareconnaissancelevelstudy(ref2)to
reviewtheavailabilityofstoneforuseintheconstruction
ofthebreakwatercore,underlayer(s)andarmor.Thework
involvedvisitstoquarriesatthreelocationswithin100km
ofMon.Theresultsofthestudyweredeterminedby
discussionswiththeconcessionoperatorsandreviewof
quarryinformationrelatedtotechnicalissuessuchas
generalyield,stonesizeandstonetype.Testingofthe
materialwasnotundertaken.
Bairdllevacabounestudioaniveldereconocimiento
(ref2)paraexaminarladisponibilidaddematerialde
piedraparalaconstruccindelncleodelrompeolas,el
sustrato(s)ylaarmadura.Eltrabajoconsistienvisitasa
lostajosentreslugaresenunradiode100kmdeMon.
Losresultadosdelestudiosedeterminaronmediante
conversacionesconlosconcesionariosylarevisindela
informacintcnicarelacionadadelostajostalescomoel
rendimientogeneral,eltamaoyeltipodepiedra.Nose
llevaronacabopruebasdemateriales.
2.4.1 East, North, and Northwest Side of

Reclamation
2.4.1 Partes Este, Norte y Noroeste de

los Terrenos Recuperados al Mar
Themainconclusionreachedduringthestudywasthat
localstonethatissuitableforuseasbreakwaterarmor,
alongthemajorityofthelength,isnotreadilyavailablefor
theproject.Thisisdueprimarilytoalackofexistingactive
shotrockquarriesthatproducestoneforcoastal
structures.Evenifanewshotrockquarrysitewere
proposed,thelengthypermittingprocessrequiredinCosta
Ricamayresultinasubstantialdelayofstartingport
Laprincipalconclusindelestudiofuequelapiedralocal
queesadecuadaparausocomoarmaduraparael
rompeolas,alolargodelamayoradelalongituddeste,
noestfcilmentedisponibleparaelproyecto.Estose
debeprincipalmentealafaltadetajosactivosexistentes
enproduccinparatomarmaterialdepiedradearmadura
paralasestructurascosteras.Inclusosisepropusieraun
nuevotajoparapiedradearmadura,ellargoprocesode
25

construction.Therefore,theuseofstoneforarmoringfor
theeastandnorthsidesofthereclamationareaaswellas
thestubbreakwaterwasnotconsideredfeasible(based
uponthecurrentlevelofstonesourcinginvestigations),
becauseanadequatesourceforthematerialwasnot
identified.Furtherinvestigationstolocateadequate
breakwaterarmorstonewithintheCaribbean,or
elsewhere,havenotbeenauthorized.
permisosquerequiereenCostaRicapuederesultarenun
atrasosustancialdeliniciodelaconstruccindelpuerto.
Porlotanto,elusodelapiedradearmaduraparaloslados
esteynortedelarecuperacindeterrenosalmar,as
comoelespolndelrompeolasnoseconsiderfactible
(basadoenelnivelactualdelasinvestigacionesdelas
fuentesdematerialesdepiedra),porquenoseidentific
unafuenteadecuadaparaelmaterial.Nohansido
autorizadasotrasinvestigacionesparalocalizarlapiedra
dearmaduraadecuadaparaelrompeolasenelCaribe,o
enotrolugar.
CH2MHILLdirectedBairdtoproceed(ref12)withadesign
approachfortheprojectassumingallmaterialsforthe
breakwaterwillbeimportedtothesite.Giventhelackof
locallargestonesupply,thewaveclimateatthesite,and
thedesireforanacceleratedconstructionschedule,itis
Bairdsopinionthatthemostcosteffectivedesignsolution
willbetoutilizeaconcretearmorunitforthearmorlayer
ontheeast,northandnorthwestsidesofthereclamation
aswellasthestubbreakwater.Stonewillberequiredfor
thebreakwatercorematerial,underlayer,toeand
bedding.
CH2MHILLinstruyaBairdproceder(ref12)conun
enfoquedediseoparaelproyectoasumiendoquetodos
losmaterialesparaelrompeolassernimportadosalsitio.
Dadalafaltadeofertalocaldepiedragrande,elclimade
oleajeenelsitio,yelintersenunprogramade
construccinacelerado,eslaopinindeBairdquela
solucindediseomseconmicasereldeutilizaruna
unidaddearmaduraconcretoparalacapadearmaduraen
losladoseste,norteynoroestedelarecuperacinde
terrenosalmar,ascomoenelespolnrompeolas.La
piedraserequiereparaelmaterialdelncleodel
rompeolas,capainferior,elpieylacama.
2.4.2 Southwest Side of Reclamation
2.4.2 Lado Sureste de la Recuperacin de

Terrenos
Forthesouthwestsideofthereclamation,thewave
climateissubstantiallylessseverethanforthenorthand
eastsidesduetotheshelteringofferedbytheproposed
terminallayout.Withsmallerwaves,thestablearmorsize
couldbeofadimensionsimilartothestoneusedforthe
primaryarmorunderlayerortoematerialfortheeastand
northsidesofthereclamation.Bynotrequiringaseparate
stonegradationforthearmorlayer,thisapproachmay
resultinefficienciesrelatedtotheoverallproductionof
stonefortheprojectandtheequipmentrequiredfor
placingthematerial.
Porelladosuroestedelarecuperacindeterrenos,el
climadeoleajeesmuchomenosseveroqueladeloslados
norteyeste,hastaelabrigooproteccinofrecidaporla
disposicindelaterminalpropuesta.Conolasms
pequeas,eltamaodelaarmaduraestable,podraserde
unadimensinsimilaralapiedrautilizadaparalacapa
inferiordearmaduraprimariaoelmaterialdelpie,para
losladosesteynortedelarecuperacindeterrenos.Alno
requerirunagranulometradepiedradistintaparalacapa
dearmadura,esteenfoquepuederesultareneficiencias
relacionadasconlaproduccintotaldepiedraparael
proyectoyelequiponecesarioparalacolocacindel
material.
2.5
2.5 Seleccin de Unidad de

Armadura de Concreto
Concrete Armor Unit

Selection
Overthepast45years,awiderangeofconcretearmor
unitshavebeendeveloped,eachwithvaryingdegreesof
applicationandsuccess.Figure2.2illustratesvarioustypes
ofconcretearmorunits,arrangedbyclass.Theseunits
rangefrommassiveblocksthatcanbearrangedto
providesignificantresistancetomovementbasedontheir
weightalone,toslenderunitsthatrelyonahighlevelof
interlockingtomaintaintheintegrityofthearmorlayer,
26
Durantelosltimos45aos,sehandesarrolladouna
ampliagamadeunidadesdearmaduradeconcreto,cada
unacondiversosgradosdeaplicacinyxito.LaFigura2.2
ilustralosdiferentestiposdeunidadesdearmadurade
concreto,dispuestassegntipo.Estasunidadesvaran
desdebloquesmasivosquepuedenserdispuestospara
proporcionarunaresistenciasignificativaalmovimientoen
funcindesupesoporssolo,aunidadesdelgadasque
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alongwithmultiholeunitsdesignedtodissipatewave
energy.
sebasanenunaltoniveldeenclavamientoparamantener
laintegridaddelacapadearmadura,juntoconunidades
multiagujerosdiseadasparadisiparlaenergadelas
olas.
FIGURE2.2
VariousBreakwaterArmorUnits(fromUSACE,2002)
FIGURA2.2
DiferentesUnidadesdeArmaduraparaRompeolas(de USACE,
2002)
XBLOC not shown
Currentpracticegenerallyfavorstheuseofbulky(or
blocky)singlelayerunits,suchastheACCROPODETM
(andACCROPODETMII),CORELOC,andXBLOCfor
breakwatersinmoderatewaterdepths(i.e.,lessthan15
m).
Laprcticaactualfavorecegeneralmenteelusode
unidades"voluminosas"(obloques)deunasolacapa,
comoelACCROPODETM(yACCROPODETMII),CORELOCy
XBLOCpararompeolasenprofundidadesmoderadas(es
decir,menosde15m).
Formoreexposedbreakwatersindeeperwater,massive
units,suchasCUBES(generallyplacedintwolayers),are
generallyfavored.Theuseofslenderunits,suchas
DOLOSandTETRAPOD(alsogenerallyplacedintwo
layers),hasdecreasedsignificantlyduetoseveredamage
to/failureofanumberoflargebreakwatersarmoredwith
theseunitsinthelate1970sandearly1980s.
Pararompeolasmsexpuestosenaguasmsprofundas,
lasunidadesmasivas,talescomoCUBOS(generalmente
colocadosendoscapas),songeneralmentemsutilizadas.
Elusodeunidadesdelgadas,comoDOLOSy
TETRPODOS(tambincolocadasgeneralmenteendos
capas),sehareducidosignificativamentedebidoagraves
daos/fracasosdeunaseriederompeolasgrandescon
estetipodeunidadesdearmadurafinalesdeladcadade
1970yprincipiosdeladel1980.
TheACCROPODETMarmorunithasbeenselectedoverthe
CORELOCandXBLOCduetothefollowingreasons:
LaunidaddearmaduraACCROPODETMhasido
seleccionadosobreelCORELOCyXBLOCdebidoalas
siguientesrazones:
TheACCROPODETMunitisbulkierandwilllikelybe
morerobust,aswellasprovidegreaterresistanceto
unitbreakageduringplacementinthepersistent
swellsthatwillbepresentduringconstruction.
LaunidadACCROPODETMesmsvoluminosayes
probablementemsrobusta,ademsproporcionauna
mayorresistenciaalaroturadurantelacolocacincon
losoleajespersistentesdurantelaconstruccin.
TheACCROPODETMunitmayprovidegreaterdurability
underseismicconditions.
LaunidadACCROPODETMpuedeproporcionaruna
mayordurabilidadantecondicionesssmicas.
TheACCROPODETMhasbeenusedsincetheearly
ElACCROPODETMsehautilizadodesdeladcadade
27

1980,dandocomoresultadounaltonivelde
conocimientoporpartedeContratistasalrededordel
mundoconlaunidadencomparacinconotras
unidades(porcomparacin,laprimerainstalacinde
unidadCORELOCserealizenelao1996,
mientrasquelaprimerainstalacindeXBLOCse
realizenel2001).
1980s,resultinginahighlevelofContractorfamiliarity
worldwidewiththeunitascomparedtootherunits
(forcomparison,thefirstCORELOCinstallationwas
in1996,whilethefirstXBLOCinstallationwasin
2001).
In2004,thedesignoftheoriginalACCROPODETMunitwas
optimized,resultingintheACCROPODETMIIunit.The
newerunitisclaimedtohaveahigherstrengthand
robustnessthantheoriginalACCROPODETM,aswellasa
reductionofinplacerockingandmovementoftheunits
duringtheonsetofwaveattack(ref7).Inaddition,the
ACCROPODETMIIunithasenhancedinterlockbetween
unitsandanimprovedinternalangleoffriction,as
comparedtotheACCROPODETMunit.
Enelao2004,eldiseooriginaldelaunidad
ACCROPODETMfueoptimizado,resultandolaunidad
ACCROPODETMII.Launidadmsnuevaseafirmatiene
unamayorresistenciayrobustezquelaACCROPODETM
original,ascomounareduccindebalanceoenelsitioyel
movimientodelasunidadesdurantelacolocacinporel
ataquedeloleaje(ref7).Adems,launidadACCROPODETM
IIhamejoradoelenclavamientoentreunidadesyuna
mejoraenelngulodefriccininterna,encomparacin
conlaunidadACCROPODETM.
TheprimarydisadvantageoftheACCROPODETMIIunitis
thelackofindustryexperiencewiththeunit.Considering
thisfactor,aswellasthemoreintricateshapeofthe
ACCROPODETMIIunit,itispossiblethatthecasting,
storage,transportationandplacementofthe
ACCROPODETMIIunitmaybelessefficientthanthatofthe
originalACCROPODETMunit.
LaprincipaldesventajadelaunidadACCROPODETMIIesla
faltadeexperienciadelaindustriaconlaunidad.Teniendo
encuentaestefactor,ascomolaformamscomplejade
launidadACCROPODETMII,esposiblequelacoladadela
pieza,elalmacenamiento,eltransporteylacolocacinde
launidaddeACCROPODETMIIpuedasermenoseficiente
queladelaunidadACCROPODETMoriginal.
Basedontheabove,thedesignofthebreakwaterhas
beenundertakenutilizingtheACCROPODETMarmorunit.
AstheACCROPODETMunitstrademarklicensehasexpired,
thespecificationswillrequiretheContractortoretainthe
servicesofConcreteLayerInnovations(CLI)(orasimilar
thirdpartypossessingaprovenhighlevelofknowledge
andexperiencerelatingtothedesignandconstruction
withtheselectedarmorunit),asthisinvolvementis
consideredessentialtoachievehighqualityconstruction
andreducetheriskoffuturemaintenance/repairissues.
Basadoenloanterior,eldiseodelrompeolasseha
elaboradoutilizandolaunidaddearmadura
ACCROPODETM.Comolalicenciademarcadelaunidad
ACCROPODETMhacaducado,lasespecificacionesexigirn
alcontratistaacontratarlosserviciosdeConcreteLayer
Innovations(CLIporsussiglaseningls)(ountercero
similarqueposeeunaltonivelprobadodeconocimientos
yexperienciasenrelacinconeldiseoyconstruccincon
launidaddearmaduraseleccionada),yaqueesta
participacinseconsideraesencialparalograruna
construccindealtacalidadyreducirelriesgodequeel
futuromantenimiento/reparacinpresenteproblemas.
2.6
2.6 Requerimientos de
Estabilidad y Densidad del
Concreto de la Unidad de
Armadura de Concreto
Concrete Armor Unit

Stability and Concrete
Density Requirements
FromCLIrequirements,theACCROPODETMconcretearmor
unitsmustachieveanodamageconditionasamatterof
standardpractice.CLIdefinesthenodamagecondition
forACCROPODETMunitasfollows:
DelosrequisitosdeCLI,lasunidadesdearmadura
concretoACCROPODETMdebenlograrunacondicinde
sindaocomounaprcticaestndar.CLIdefinela
condicinsindaoparalaunidadACCROPODETMdela
siguientemanera:
28
Noremoval/extractionofunits;
Noremocin/extraccindelasunidades;
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Limitedrockingoftheunits(<1%rocking
permanently);and
Balanceolimitadodelasunidades(<1%balanceo
permanente);y
Limitedsettlementoftheunits.
Limitadoasentamientodelasunidades.
Theoffshoredesignsignificantwaveheightfortheno
damagetestisHs=6.2m(ARI=570years),asdescribed
inSection2.2above.
Laalturadelaoladediseosignificativademaradentro
paralapruebadel"sindao"esHs=6,2m(IRA(siglasen
ingls)=570aos),comosedescribeenlaSeccin2.2.
Inadditiontothenodamagecondition,thestructure
mustalsobesubjectedtoanoverloadcondition.Thisis
definedas120%ofthenodamageoffshoredesign
significantwaveheight.Inorderforthestructuretobe
consideredstableundertheoverloadcondition,no
removal/extractionofarmorunitscanoccur.
Ademsdelacondicindesindao,laestructura
tambindebesersometidaaunacondicinde
sobrecarga.Estosedefinecomo120%delaalturasin
daodelaoladediseosignificativademaradentro.A
findequelaestructuraqueseconsideraestableenla
condicindesobrecarga,nopuedeocurrirninguna
remocin/extraccindeunidadesdearmadura.
Thedensityofconcreteisacriticalfactorindetermining
thefinalsizeofACCROPODETMunit.Basedondiscussions
withtheCH2MHILLteamandalocalcementsupplier
3
(Holcim),itwasdeterminedthat2,325kg/m isaconcrete
densitythatisreadilyachievable.Additionally,Holcim
indicatedthattheaggregatewillbethemostinfluential
constituentthataffectsconcretedensity.Thearmorunits
havebeensizedassumingaconcretedensityof2,300
kg/m3,andthisvaluehasbeendefinedintheproject
specificationsastheminimumacceptableconcrete
density.
Ladensidaddelconcretoesunfactorcrticopara
determinareltamaofinaldelaunidaddeACCROPODETM.
BasndoseendiscusionesconelequipodeCH2MHILLy
unproveedorlocaldecemento(Holcim),sedeterminque
2.325kg/m3esladensidadconcretadequesepuede
lograrfcilmente.Adems,Holcimindicqueelagregado
serelcomponentemsinfluyentequeafectaladensidad
delconcreto.Lasunidadesdearmadurasehan
dimensionadosuponiendounadensidadde2.300kg/m3
concreto,yestevalorsehadefinidoenlasespecificaciones
delproyectocomoladensidadmnimadeconcreto
aceptable.
2.7
2.7 Olas que Sobrepasan el

Rompeolas
Wave Overtopping
Overtoppingofthebreakwaterwilloccurduringsevere
waveconditions(i.e.,thewaverunupelevationexceeds
thestructurecrestelevation,andcausesflowacrossthe
crestandbeyond).Guidanceonacceptableovertopping
rates(i.e.,criticalthresholdsrelatedtostructurestability
andpersonalsafety)aredefinedinvariouspublications,
suchastheEurOtopManual(ref21).Overtoppingofthe
breakwatermaybemitigatedthroughimproveddrainage
and/orfloodcontrolonthereclamationsite,orthroughan
increaseinthebreakwatercrestelevation.
Laolassobrepasandoelrompeolasseproducirnen
condicionesseverasdeoleaje(esdecir,laelevacindel
runupdelaolasuperalaalturadelaestructuradela
crestaycausaflujoatravsdelacrestaymsall).Las
guassobretasasaceptablesderebalse(esdecir,los
lmitescrticosrelacionadosconlaestabilidaddela
estructuraylaseguridadocupacionaldelpersonal)se
definenendiversaspublicaciones,talescomoelManual
EUROTOP(ref21).Lasolasquesobrepasanelrompeolas
puedesermitigadoatravsdeunmejordrenajey/o
controldeinundacionesenelsitioderecuperacinde
terrenos,oatravsdeunaumentoenlaelevacinde
crestadelrompeolas.
Severewaveovertoppingduringextreme(designlevel)
stormsmayresultindamagetothecrestofthestructure
orsurfacetreatmentsorfacilitiesbehindit.Inaddition,
waveovertoppingduringlesssevere(operational)
conditionsmaycreatesafetyissueswithrespectto
vehicularaccessandpersonnelalongtheportaccessroad
behindtothebreakwaterandtheadjacentcontaineryard.
Elseverosobrepasedeolasdurantetormentasextremas
(niveldediseo)puederesultarendaosalacrestadela
estructuraotratamientosdesuperficieoinstalaciones
detrsdel.Adems,elsobrepasedeolasdurante
condicionesmenosgraves(deoperacin)puedencrear
problemasdeseguridadconrespectoalaccesode
vehculosyseguridadocupacionaldelpersonalalolargo
29

Theconfigurationofthecrestandbackslopehasbeen
designedtoaccommodatethreeovertoppingscenarios,as
summarizedbelow(alsorefertoFigure2.3):
delacarreteradeaccesoalpuertodetrsdelrompeolasy
elpatiodecontenedoresadyacente.Laconfiguracindela
crestaylapendientehaciaatrshansidodiseadospara
darcabidaatresescenariosdeolasquesobrepasan,que
seresumenacontinuacin(vasetambinlaFigura2.3):
1. Overtoppingthresholdforstabilityforthisscenario, 1. Lmiteparalaestabilidaddeolasquesobrepasan
paraestecaso,lacrestaylapendientehaciaatrs
thecrestandbackslopeneedtobeconfiguredto
resistdamagetothestructureduringthedesignstorm
debenconfigurarsepararesistireldaoalaestructura
duranteeleventodetormentadediseo.La
event.Thestabilityofthebreakwaterdueto
estabilidaddelrompeolasdebidoaolasque
overtoppingwasdeterminedusingthephysicalmodel.
sobrepasansedeterminutilizandoelmodelofsico.
Bairdrecommendsthattheaccessroadandcontainer
Bairdrecomiendaqueelcaminodeaccesoyelpatio
yardbecomprisedofarobustdesignsuchasconcrete
decontenedorescomprendaundiseorobusto,tales
paversorheavydutyasphalt.
comoadoquinesdeconcretooasfaltodeservicio
pesado.
2. Lmitedeolasquesobrepasanparaelaccesovehicular
2. OvertoppingthresholdforvehicularaccessForthis
Enestecaso,lacrestaylapendientehaciaatrsse
scenario,thecrestandbackslopeneedtobe
debenconfigurarparalimitareldesbordamientoms
configuredtolimitovertoppinglandwardofthe
breakwatersothatthevehicularaccessroadcanbe
alldelrompeolas(endireccinatierra)paraqueel
used.Theallowablemeanovertoppingrateforsafe
caminodeaccesovehicularsepuedautilizar.Latasa
mediaadmisibledesobrepasedelasolasparael
vehicularaccessisestimatedtobe3050l/s/m
accesovehicularseguroseestimaen3050l/s/m
(liters/second/meterrunofstructure),asperguidance
(litros/segundo/metrodeejecucindelaestructura),
intheEurOtopManual(ref21).
deconformidadconlaguaenelManualEUROTOP
(ref21).
3. Lmitedeolasquesobrepasanparaseguridad
3. Overtoppingthresholdforpersonnelforthis
ocupacionalparaestecaso,lacrestaylapendiente
scenario,thecrestandbackslopeneedtobe
haciaatrssedebenconfigurarparalimitarel
configuredtolimitovertoppinglandwardofthe
desbordamientomsalldelrompeolas(endireccin
breakwatersothatportstaffandcontractorsatthe
edgeofthecontaineryardcanworksafely.The
atierra)paraqueelpersonaldelpuertoylos
contratistasenelbordedelpatiodecontenedores
allowablemeanovertoppingratefortrainedworkersis
puedetrabajarconseguridad.Latasamedia
estimatedtobe110l/s/structure,asperguidancein
permisibleolasquesobrepasanelrompeolaspara
theEurOtopManual(ref21).
trabajadoresentrenadosseestimaen110l/s/mde
estructura,deconformidadconlaguadelManual
EUROTOP(ref21).
210
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FIGURE2.3
OvertoppingofCoastalStructures
FIGURA2.3
OlasqueSobrepasandeEstructurasCosteras
2.8
Summary of Design
Conditions
Basedontheinformationpresentedinthepreceding
sections,thedesignconditionsusedforthebreakwater
aresummarizedinTable2.2.
2.8 Resumen de Condiciones de

Diseo
Conbaseenlainformacinpresentadaenlassecciones
anteriores,lascondicionesdediseoutilizadasparael
rompeolasseresumenenelCuadro2.2.
TABLE2.2
SummaryofCurrentBreakwaterDesignConditions
CUADRO2.2
ResumendelasCondicionesdeDiseoActualesdelRompeolas
Condition
Value
Condicin
Valor
DesignLife
60years/
VidatildeDiseo
60aos
AllowableProbabilityofFailure
10percent/
ProbabilidadPermisibledeFalla
10porciento
AverageReturnInterval(ARI)forDesignEvent
570years/
PerododeRetornoPromedio(ARI)paraEventodeDiseo
570aos
DesignOffshoreSignificantWaveHeight
6.2m/
AlturadeOlaSignificativadeMarAdentro
6,2m
SeaLevelRise(SLR)
0.2m/
AumentodelNiveldelMar(SLR)
0,2m
DesignHighWaterLevel
0.6mMonLocalDatum(MLW)
NiveldelMardeDiseo
0,6mDatumLocaldeMoin(MLW)
MaximumBreakwaterSlope(seawardside)
1.5H:1V/
PendienteMximadelRompeolas(ladohaciaelmar)
1.5H:1V
MaximumBreakwaterSlope(reclamationside)
1.25H:1V
PendienteMximadelRompeolas(ladohaciarecuperacindeterrenos)
1.25H:1V
211

TABLE2.2
SummaryofCurrentBreakwaterDesignConditions
CUADRO2.2
ResumendelasCondicionesdeDiseoActualesdelRompeolas
Condition
Value
Condicin
Valor
1.25H:1V
ArmorTypeNorth,East,andNorthwestsides
ConcreteArmorUnit
TipodeArmaduraLadosNorte,EsteyNoroeste
UnidaddeArmaduradeConcreto
ConcreteArmorUnitType
ACCROPODETM
TipodeUnidaddeArmaduradeConcreto
ACCROPODETM
TM
ACCROPODE ArmorUnitStability
NoDamageDesignWaveEvent
TM
EstabilidaddeUnidaddeArmaduraACCROPODE
SinDaoEventodeOladeDiseo
Requirements
Noremoval/extractionofunits;
Noremocin/extraccindeunidades
Requerimientos
Limitedrockingoftheunits(<1%rockingpermanently);and
Balanceolimitadodeunidades(<1%debalanceo
permanentemente);y
Limitedsettlementoftheunits.
Asentamientolimitadodeunidades
Overload1.2xDesignWaveEvent
Sobrecarga1,2xEventodeOladeDiseo
Noremoval/extractionofunits
Noremocin/extraccindeunidades
ArmorTypeSouthwestside
Stone
TipodeArmaduraLadoSuroeste
Piedra
Overtoppingstabilityduringdesignevent
Testwithphysicalmodel
OlasqueSobrepasanestabilidadduranteeleventodediseo
Pruebaconelmodelofsico
Overtoppingsafevehicularaccess
3050liters/sec/meterofbreakwater
OlasqueSobrepasanaccesovehicularseguro
3050litros/s/metroderompeolas
Overtoppingsafetyofpersonnel
110liters/sec/meterofbreakwater
OlasqueSobrepasanseguridadocupacionaldelpersonal
3050litros/s/metroderompeolas
LongTermSettlement(excludingseismicevents)
0.9mto1.2m
AsentamientoaLargoPlazo(excluyendoeventosssmicos)
0,9mto1,2m
212
TBG030713120850PHL
SECTION3
SECCIN 3
3.1
3.1 Modelacin Utilizada en el

Proceso de Diseo
Breakwater Design
Modeling Used in the
Design Process
Diseo del Rompeolas
Thebreakwaterdesignprocessinvolvedinvestigations
intoalignment,stabilityandovertopping.Thisrequired
theuseofnumericalmodelingandphysicalmodeling.
Referenceismadetovarioussupportingmodeling
exerciseslistedbelow.
Elprocesodediseoderompeolasinvolucr
investigacionesenalineamiento,estabilidadyolasque
sobrepasan.Estorequirielusodemodelacinnumrica
ymodelacinfsica.Sehacereferenciaadiversosejercicios
demodelacindesoportequeseenumerana
continuacin.
1. Breakwateralignmentoverall(ref1)
a. NumericalmodelingDHIMIKE21Spectral
WaveModel.
1. Alineamientodeneraldelrompeolas(ref1)
a. ModelacinnumricaDHIMIKE21Modelode
OndaEspectral.
2. Breakwateralignmentstublength(ref5)
a. NumericalmodelsQuaysim(mooredship
simulation),Wavescat(simulationofdiffracted
wavesandwaveforcesonmooredvessel).
2. Alineamientodelespolndelrompeolas(ref5)
a. ModelosnumricosEnmuelle
(quaysim)(simulacindebarcoatracado),Oleajes
(wavecast)(simulacindeoladifractadayfuerzas
deoleajeenunbarcoatracado).
b. ModelofsicoLaboratorioNRCOCREenOttawa,
Canad.Seutilizunmodeloaescala1:82,5para
medirlarespuestadeunbarcoatracadoa
diferenteslongitudesdelespolndelrompeolas.
ElApndiceCincluyeunresumendelosdetalles
delamodelacinylosresultadosobtenidos.
3. EstabilidaddelRompeolas(InformedelEstudiodel
NRC)
a. ModelacinfsicaLaboratorioNRCOCREen
Ottawa,Canad.Seutilizunmodeloaescala
1:43parainvestigarlaolasobrepasandola
armaduradeACCROPODETM,yotrosdetallesdel
cortetransversaldelrompeolas.ElApndiceC
incluyeunresumendelosdetallesdela
modelacinylosresultadosobtenidos.
b. PhysicalmodelNRCOCRElabinOttawa,
Canada.A1:82.5scalemodelwasusedto
measuremooredshipresponseforvarious
lengthsofbreakwaterstub.AppendixCprovides
asummaryofmodelspecificsandresults
obtained.
3 BreakwaterStability(NRCStudyReport)
a. PhysicalmodelingNRCOCRElabinOttawa,
Canada.A1:43scalemodelwasusedto
investigateACCROPODETMarmorstability,
overtopping,andotherdetailsofthebreakwater
crosssection.AppendixCprovidesasummaryof
modelspecificsandresultsobtained.
3.2
Breakwater Alignment
Overall Structure Plan
TheMay2010terminallayout,asproposedbyRoyal
Haskoning,isshowninthetopportionofFigure3.1.
InvestigationscarriedoutinSeptember2012revealed
thatthewaveprotectionattheentrancetotheberths,
providedbythislayout,isrelativelypoorduetothe
prevailingwavedirectionof5560degrees.
TBG030713120850PHL
3.2 Alineamiento del Rompeolas

Planta General de
Estructura
Ladisposicingeneraldelaterminaldemayodel2010,
comofuepropuestaporRoyalHaskoning,semuestraenla
partesuperiordelaFigura3.1.Lasinvestigacionesllevadas
acaboensetiembredel2012revelaronquelaproteccin
delaolaenlaentradadelospuestosdeatraque,
proporcionadaporestadisposicin(layout),es
relativamentepobredebidoaladireccindelaola
predominantede55a60grados.
31
SECTION 3BREAKWATER DESIGN
Asubsequentstudy(ref1)analyzedwaveconditionsfor
severaldifferentterminallayouts.Theconclusionsfrom
thisinvestigationindicatedthatrotatingtheterminalina
clockwisedirection,byabout17degreesfromthe
originalalignment,wouldresultinimprovedshelteringat
theberthentrance.CH2MHILLdirectedtheBairdteam
toproceedwiththerevisedorientationofPhase2A,as
showninthelowerportionofFigure3.1,includingthe
terminal,navigationchannelsandturningcircle.
Unestudioposterior(ref1)analizlascondicionesde
oleajeparavariosdiseosdiferentesdeterminal.Las
conclusionesdelainvestigacinindicaronquelarotacin
delaterminalenunadireccinhacialaderecha,deunos
17gradosconrespectoalaalineacinoriginal,daracomo
resultadounmejorabrigo/proteccinenlaentradadel
muelle.CH2MHILLinstruyalequipodeBairdpara
procederconlaorientacinrevisadadelaFase2A,como
semuestraenlaparteinferiordelaFigura3.1,incluyendo
laterminal,canalesdenavegacinyladrsenade
maniobras.
Thebreakwaterservestwopurposes.Thefirstisto
providecontainmentandovertoppingprotectiontothe
reclaimedarea,asshownbythelightgreyhatching.The
secondpurposeistoprovidewaveprotectiontothe
berthentrance,indicatedbythestubinthesoutheastern
cornerofthereclamation.Thegreenhatchingdelineates
theothercontainmentstructuresthatwillbedesigned
byCH2MHILL.Theportionofthebreakwaterusedfor
thepurposeofcontainmentandovertoppingprotection
hasalengthofapproximately2,075m.
Elrompeolastienedospropsitos.Elprimeroes
proporcionarlacontencinyproteccindeolas
sobrepasandoalazonaderecuperacindeterrenos,como
semuestraenelachuradogrisclaro.Elsegundopropsito
esbrindarproteccincontraeloleajeenentradadel
muelle,estoconelespolnenlaesquinasurestedela
recuperacindeterrenos.Elachuradoverdedelinealas
otrasestructurasdecontencinqueserndiseadaspor
CH2MHILL.Laporcindelrompeolasutilizadoparalos
finesdecontencinyproteccindelaolasobrepasando
tieneunalongituddeaproximadamente2.075m.
32
TBG030713120850PHL
FIGURE3.1
MarineTerminalLayoutsOriginal(top)andRevised
(bottom)
FIGURA3.1
PlantaGeneraldelaTerminalMarinaOriginal(superior)y
Revisada(inferior)
33
3.3
Breakwater Alignment
Stub Breakwater Length
3.3 Alineamiento del Rompeolas

Longitud del Espoln del
Rompeolas
Thelengthofthestubbreakwaterwasinvestigated(ref5)
usingphysicalandnumericalmodeling.
Lalongituddelespolndelrompeolasfueinvestigada(ref
5)utilizandomodelacinfsicaynumrica.
Waveconditionsattheberthsweremeasuredinthe
physicalmodelfordifferentlengthsofstubbreakwater.
Mooredshipresponsewasalsoassessedusingthephysical
model,augmentedbynumericalmodelsimulations,
includingvesselmotions(insixdegreesoffreedom),
mooringlineloadsandfenderreactionsforbothPanamax
andPostPanamaxsizevessels,usingbothpolypropylene
(PP)andpolyester(PE)lines.Bycomparingtheseresults
withrecentlypublishedcriteriaforcontainerships(ref16),
theexpectedreductioninloading/unloadingefficiencywas
estimated.Basedonthephysicalandnumericalmodeling
results,itwasdeterminedthatvesselsurge(movement
alongthealignmentoftheberth)wasthecontrolling
condition.
Lascondicionesdeoleajeenlospuestosdeatraquefueron
medidasenelmodelofsicoparadiferenteslongitudesdel
espolndelrompeolas.Tambinsevalorlarespuestadel
barcoamarradoutilizandoelmodelofsico,aumentado
conmodelosdesimulacionesnumricas,incluyendo
movimientosdelbarco(en6gradosdelibertad),cargasde
lneasdeamarreyreaccionesdelasdefensas,parabarcos
PanamaxyPostPanamax.Utilizandolneasde
polipropileno(PP)ypolister(PE).Comparandoestos
resultadosconcriteriosrecientementepublicadospara
barcosportacontenedores(ref16),seestimlareduccin
esperadaenlaeficienciadelacarga/descarga.Conbaseen
losresultadosdelamodelacinfsicaylamodelacin
numrica,sedeterminqueelavancedelbarco
(movimientoalolargodelmuelle)eralacondicin
determinante.
Maximumunloadingproductivityoccurswhenthe
operationproceedswithoutdisruption.As(waveinduced)
vesselmotions(surge)increase,theoperationcan
continue,butatreducedrate(i.e.,lowerproductivity).
Twosurgethresholds,basedonthePIANCcriteria(ref16),
havebeenusedtoillustratetheimpactontheunloading
efficiency.Thelowersurgethresholdis0.2m,
correspondingtoanunloadingefficiencyof95%ofthe
maximumproductivity.Table3.1presentsanestimateof
thetotalamountoftimethatanunloadingefficiencyof
95%willoccurthroughouttheyearforagivenstub
breakwaterlength.
Lamximaproductividaddedescargaocurrecuandola
operacinprocedesininterrupcin.Acomoelmovimiento
(avance)delbarco(inducidoporoleaje)aumenta,la
operacinpuedecontinuarperoaunatasamenor(es
decir,menorproductividad).Seutilizarondoslmitesde
avance,basadosenelcriteriodePIANC(ref16),para
lustrarenimpactoenlaeficienciadedescarga.Elumbral
inferiordeavancees0,2m,correspondiendoconuna
eficienciadedescargadel95%delaproductividad
mxima.ElCuadro3.1presentaunestimadodeltotaldel
tiempoqueocurrirunaeficienciadel95%atravsdelao
paraunalongituddelespolndelrompeolasdada.
TABLE3.1/CUADRO3.1
TimeofreducedcraneproductivityforavesselmooredatBerth3(allowablesurgemotionthreshold=0.2m)/Tiempode
unaproductividadreducidaparaunbarcoenelPuestodeAtraque3(lmitepermitidodemovimientodeavance[surge]=
0,2m)
Vessel/LineType
Stub
BreakwaterLength
Barco/Tipode
Lnea
LongituddelEspoln
delRompeolas
Panamax
SinViento
(PPLines)
8.5m/sWind
(LneasPP)
Viento8,5m/s
Downtime(%ordaysperyear)
Tiempodeinactividad(%dasporao)
0m
100m
150m
200m
250m
7.9%
3.9%
0.6%
0.3%
NA
16.6%
7.6%
2.2%
0.7%
0.2%
NoWind
34
TBG030713120850PHL
TABLE3.1/CUADRO3.1
TimeofreducedcraneproductivityforavesselmooredatBerth3(allowablesurgemotionthreshold=0.2m)/Tiempode
0,2m)
Vessel/LineType
Stub
BreakwaterLength
Barco/Tipode
Lnea
LongituddelEspoln
delRompeolas
PostPanamax
SinViento
(PELines)
8.5m/sWind
(LneasPE)
Viento8,5m/s
NoWind
28.8d/y
Panamax
SinViento
28,8d/a
(PPLines)
8.5m/sWind
60.6d/y
27.7d/y
8.0d/y
2.6d/y
0.7d/y
(LneasPP)
Viento8,5m/s
60,6d/a
27,7d/a
8,0d/a
2,6d/a
0,7d/a
NoWind
13.1d/y
5.5d/y
0.4d/y
0.4d/y
PostPanamax
SinViento
13,1d/a
5,5d/a
0,4d/a
0,4d/a
(PELines)
8.5m/sWind
55.5d/y
25.2d/y
6.9d/y
2.2d/y
(LneasPE)
Viento8,5m/s
55,5d/a
25,3d/a
6,9d/a
2,2d/a
0m
100m
150m
200m
250m
3.6%
1.5%
0.1%
0.1%
NA
15.2%
6.9%
1.9%
0.6%
NA
14.2d/y
2.2d/y
1.1 d/y
14,2d/a
2,2d/a
1,2d/a
NoWind
Thehighersurgethresholdis0.5m,correspondingto
anunloadingefficiencyof85%ofthemaximum
productivity.Table3.2presentsanestimateofthetotal
amountoftimethatunloadingefficiencyof85%will
occurthroughouttheyearforagivenstubbreakwater
length.
NA
NA
NA
Elumbralsuperiordelmovimientodeavance(surge)
esde0,5m,quecorrespondeaunaeficienciade
descargadel85%delamximaproductividad.El
cuadro3.2presentaunaestimacindelacantidadtotal
detiempoquelaeficienciadedescargadel85%ocurre
duranteelaoparaunalongituddeterminadadel
espolnrompeolas.
TABLE3.2/CUADRO3.2
TimeofreducedcraneproductivityforavesselmooredatBerth3(allowablesurgemotionthreshold=0.5m) / Tiempode
0,5m_
Stub
BreakwaterLength
Vessel/LineType
Panamax
(PPLines)
(LneasPP)
LongituddelEspoln
delRompeolas
0m
100m
150m
200m
250m
NoWind
1.60%
0.10%
0.03%
0.00%
NA
8.5m/sWind
2.70%
1.12%
0.05%
0.02%
0.00%
PostPanamax
(PELines)
(LneasPE)
NoWind
0.72%
0.01%
0.00%
0.00%
NA
8.5m/sWind
3.20%
1.43%
0.08%
0.06%
NA
Panamax
NoWind
5.8d/y
0.4d/y
0.1 d/y
0.0d/y
NA
35
TABLE3.2/CUADRO3.2
TimeofreducedcraneproductivityforavesselmooredatBerth3(allowablesurgemotionthreshold=0.5m) / Tiempode
0,5m_
Stub
BreakwaterLength
Vessel/LineType
LongituddelEspoln
delRompeolas
0m
100m
150m
200m
5,8d/a
0,4d/a
0,2d/a
0,0d/a
9.9d/y
4.1d/y
0.2 d/y
0.1 d/y
0.0d/y
0,2d/a
0,1d/a
0,0d/a
(PPLines)
(LneasPP)
8.5m/sWind
9,9d/a
4,1d/a
2.6d/y
0.0 d/y
0.0d/y
0.0d/y
PostPanamax
NoWind
2,6d/a
0,0d/a
0,0d/a
0,0d/a
11.7d/y
5.2d/y
0.2 d/y
0.3 d/y
11,7d/a
5,2d/a
0,2d/a
0,3d/a
(PELines)
(LneasPE)
8.5m/sWind
250m
NA
NA
Bothtablesshowstatisticsforawindandnowind
scenario.Thenowindscenariorarelyoccurs,whilethe8.5
m/sisanextremewindspeed.Therefore,theactualtime
ofreducedproductivitywilllikelybebetweenthesetwo
boundaries.
Ambastablasmuestranlasestadsticasdeescenarioscon
vientoysinviento.Elescenariosinvientoraravezocurre,
mientrasqueelde8,5m/sesunavelocidadextremadel
viento.Porlotanto,eltiemporealdereduccindela
productividadserprobablementeentreestosdoslmites.
Basedonareviewoftheseresults,CH2MHILLdirected
Bairdtoproceedwithincorporatinga100mlong
breakwaterstubintotheprojectdesignlayout.
Conbaseenunarevisindeestosresultados,CH2MHILL
instruyoaBairdprocederconlaincorporacindeun
espolnde100mdelargoenlaplantageneraldeldiseo
delproyecto.
3.4
3.4 Rompeolas Transicin de

la Unidad de Armadura
Breakwater Armor Unit

Transition
Thedominantwavedirectionis5560degreesfromnorth
(ref4).Thus,thewestsideofthereclamationisnot
exposedtothesamedesignwaveasthenorthandeast
sides.Asapracticalmeasure,stonewillbeusedasthe
armorlayermaterialforthebreakwateronthewestside.
Thiswillrequireatransitionofarmortypeonthewestern
revetment,changingfromasinglelayerofACCROPODETM
armorunittoatwolayerstonearmor.
Ladireccindeloleajepredominanteesde5560grados
desdeelnorte(ref4).Porlotanto,elladooestedela
recuperacindeterrenosnoestexpuestoalamismaola
dediseoquelosladosnorteyeste.Comounamedida
prctica,lapiedraseutilizarcomomaterialdecapade
armaduraparaelrompeolasenelladooeste.Esto
requerirunatransicindetipodearmaduraeneltajamar
oeste,elcambiodeunasolacapadelaunidadde
armaduraACCROPODETMaunaarmaduradedoscapasde
piedra.
Fromareviewofthewaterdepthsandwaveconditions,it
wasfoundthatthe6mcontourwasapracticalpointat
whichtochangefromarmoringtherevetmentwith
ACCROPODETMunits(usedindeeperwater)toarmoring
withatwolayerstonesystem.Thislimitwasestablished
by:
Apartirdeunarevisindelasprofundidadesylas
condicionesdelasolas,seencontrquelacurvade6m
esunpuntoprcticoencambiodearmaduradeltajamar
conunidadesACCROPODETM(usadoenaguasprofundas)
paraarmaduraconunsistemadedoscapasdepiedra.Este
lmiteseestablecimediante:
36
TBG030713120850PHL
1. Assessingthewaveclimatealongthewestsideofthe
reclamation.Waveheightsaregreaterasonemoves
closertothenorthsideofthereclamation.
1. Evaluacindelclimadeolasalolargodelladooeste
delarecuperacindeterrenos.Laalturadelasolases
mayoramedidaqueunosemuevemscercadela
partenortedelarecuperacindeterrenos.
2. Assessingthestablearmorsizerequiredalongthe
westsideofthereclamationandmatchingthattothe
gradationforthetoematerialbeingusedonthenorth
andeastsides.
2. Laevaluacindeltamaodearmaduraestable
requeridalolargodelladooestedelarecuperacin
deterrenosyquecoincideconlagranulometradel
materialdelpie,utilizadaenlosladosnorteyeste.
3. Consideringtheconstructabilityissueswithplacing
3. Teniendoencuentalosproblemasdefactibilidadde
armorunitsinthesurfzone,whichpresentsdifficulties
construccinconlacolocacindeunidadesde
armaduraenlazonadeoleaje,quepresenta
withaccuracyofplacementandriskofdamage.
dificultadesconlaprecisindelacolocacinyel
riesgodedaos.
Armorstoneavailabilitymaybeanissuesinceareliable
stonesourcewasnotidentified.However,thearmorstone
sizeisthesameasthatforthetoeofthe
ACCROPODETMconcretearmorunits.
Ladisponibilidaddepiedraaptaparaarmadurapuedeser
unproblemayaquenoseidentificunafuenteconfiable
depiedra.Sinembargo,eltamaodelapiedraarmadura
eselmismoqueparaelpiedelasunidadesdearmadura
deconcretoACCROPODETM.
Figure3.2summarizestheextentofthedifferentarmor
typesaroundtheentirestructureperimeter.Armorstone
isusedforthefirst400mofbreakwater,while
ACCROPODETMarmorunitsareusedfortheremainderof
thelength.
LaFigura3.2resumelaextensindelosdiferentestiposde
armadurasalrededordelpermetrodelaestructura
entera.Lapiedraarmaduraseutilizaparalosprimeros400
mdelrompeolas,mientrasquelasunidadesdearmadura
ACCROPODETMseutilizanparaelrestodelalongitud.
FIGURE3.2
ArmorTypeforBreakwaterStructure
FIGURA3.2
TipodeArmaduraparalaEstructuradelRompeolas
37
3.5
Breakwater Cross-Sections
3.5 Cortes Transversales del

Rompeolas
Indicativecrosssectionsofthebreakwaterareprovidedin
Figures3.3through3.5andaresummarizedasfollows:
Indicativosdeloscortestransversalesdelrompeolasse
proporcionanenlasFiguras3.3ala3.5yseresumencomo
sigue:
SectionAA:Thissectionisonthesouthwestsideof
thereclamation,neartherootofthebreakwater;the
primaryarmorlayeriscomprisedoftwolayersof3to
5tonnearmorstone.
CorteAA:Estecorteseubicaenelladosuroestedela
recuperacindeterrenos,cercadelabasedel
rompeolas,lacapadearmaduraprincipalsecompone
dedoscapasdepiedradearmadurade3a5
toneladas.
SectionBB:Thissectiongenerallyappliestothetrunk
ofthebreakwaterfromthenorthwestcornerthrough
thebreakwaterstub;theprimaryarmorlayeris
comprisedof6.8m3ACCROPODETMunits.
CorteBB:Estecorteseaplicageneralmentealtronco
deldiquedesdelaesquinanoroesteahastaelespoln
delrompeolas,lacapadearmaduraprincipalse
componedeunidadesACCROPODETMde6,8m3.
SectionCC:Thissectionisusedforthestub
breakwater;theprimaryarmorlayeriscomprisedof
9.2m3ACCROPODETMunits.Theselarger
ACCROPODETMunitsarealsousedonthenortheast
andnorthwestcornersofthebreakwater.
CorteCC:Estecorteseutilizaparaelespolndel
rompeolas,lacapadearmaduraprincipalsecompone
deunidadesACCROPODETMde9,2m3.Estasunidades
ACCROPODETMmsgrandestambinseusanenlas
esquinasnoresteynoroestedelrompeolas.
FIGURE3.3
SectionAA
FIGURA3.3
Corte AA
FIGURE3.4
SectionBB
38
FIGURA3.4
CorteBB
TBG030713120850PHL
FIGURE3.5
SectionCC
FIGURA3.5
CorteCC
3.6
Armor Layer Stability
3.6 Estabilidad de la Capa de

Armadura
3.6.1 Stone Armor
3.6.1 Armadura de Piedra
Onthesouthwestsideofthereclamation,theproposed
containerterminalislocatedinwaterdepthsrangingfrom
approximately11mto0mattheshoreline.Inorderto
determinethedesignwaverelationshipwithdepthalong
thebreakwater,acombinationofdesktopdesignmethods,
numericalmodelresultsandphysicalmodelresultswere
considered.
Enelladosuroestedelarecuperacindeterrenos,la
terminaldecontenedorespropuestaseencuentraen
profundidadesquevandesdeaproximadamente11ma0
menlalneadecosta.Conelfindedeterminarlarelacin
delaoladediseoconlaprofundidadalolargodel
rompeolas,unacombinacindelosmtodosdediseode
escritorio,fueronconsideradoslosresultadosdemodelos
numricosylosresultadosmodelosfsicos.
Oncethegoverningwaveheightsatvariouswaterdepths
weredetermined,themethodproposedbyGalland(1994)
wasusedtodecreasethewaveheights,assumingacritical
obliqueangleofattackof20(aconservativeassumption).
Thisresultedinareductionfactorof0.77appliedtothe
designwaveheightsatvariousdepths.
Unavezquelasalturasdelasolasquerigense
determinaronlasdiversasprofundidades,elmtodo
propuestoporGalland(1994)seutilizaparadisminuirlas
alturasdelasolas,asumiendounngulocrticooblicuode
ataquede20(unsupuestoconservador).Estoresulten
unfactordereduccinde0,77aplicadoalasalturasde
diseodelaolaadiferentesprofundidades.
Thesereducedwaveheightswerethenusedtodetermine
astablestonesizealongtherevetmentusingHudsons
equation,aspresentedinTable3.3.Spreadsheet
calculationsareprovidedinAppendixA.
Estasalturasdeolareducidasseutilizaronparadeterminar
untamaodelapiedraestablealolargodeltajamar
utilizandolaecuacindeHudson,talcomosepresentaen
elCuadro3.3.Seproporcionanhojasdeclculoenel
ApndiceA.
TABLE3.3/CUADRO3.3
ArmorStoneSizealongSouthwestSide/TamaosdelaPiedradeArmaduraaloLargodelLadoSuroeste
WaterDepth(m)
WaveHeight,Hs(m)
ArmorSize(tonnes)
Profundidad(m)
AlturadelaOla,Hs(m)
TamaodeArmadura
(toneladas)
2.5
1.6
0.6
4.5
2.4
1.9
6.5
3.3
4.4
39
3.6.2 ACCROPODETM Concrete Armor

Unit
3.6.2 Unidad de Concreto Armado

ACCROPODETM
ACCROPODETMConcreteArmorUnitForthenorthwest,
northandeastsidesofthereclamation,apreliminarysize
ofACCROPODETMarmorunitwasdeterminedusing
Hudsonsequation,basedonCLIsrecommendedstability
coefficientsforACCROPODETMunits.
UnidadarmaduradeconcretoACCROPODETMParalos
ladosnoroeste,norteyestedelarecuperacinde
terrenos,sedeterminuntamaopreliminardelaunidad
dearmaduraACCROPODETMutilizandolaecuacinde
Hudson,conbaseenloscoeficientesrecomendadosdela
CLIdeestabilidadparaunidadesACCROPODETM.
Startingwiththesepreliminarydesigns,physicalmodeling
ofbreakwaterstabilitywascarriedoutattheNational
ResearchCenter(NRC)hydraulicslaboratoryinOttawa,
Canada.Themodelinginvolvedaseriesoftests(TS1
throughTS5)thatinvestigatedstabilityofthearmorlayer
duetodirectwaveattackandovertopping.Figure3.6
showsconstructionofthemodelatascaleof1:43.Key
aspectsofthemodeltestresults,takenfromthereport
preparedbyNRC,aredescribedbelow.
Apartirdeestosdiseospreliminares,lamodelacinfsica
delaestabilidadderompeolassellevacaboenel
LaboratoriodeHidrulicadelCentroNacionalde
Investigacin(NRC)enOttawa,Canad.Lamodelacin
implicunaseriedepruebas(TS1atravsdeTS5)que
investigaronlaestabilidaddelacapadearmaduradebido
alataquedelaoladirectayolasquesobrepasan.LaFigura
3.6muestralaconstruccindelmodeloaescala1:43.Los
aspectosclavedelosresultadosdelmodelodeprueba,
tomadosdelinformepreparadoporelNRC,sedescribena
continuacin
TS1investigatedstabilityofACCROPODETMunitfor
thereclamationtrunk,stubbreakwatertrunkandstub
breakwaterroundheadusingaseriesofwaveand
waterlevelcombinations,includingthe570year
offshorewaveofHs=6.2m.Thetestresultsindicated
thattheCLIrequirementsweremetforstability:no
removalofunits,verylimitedrocking,andlimited
settlement.Overtoppingatthereclamationtrunk
createdsignificanterosionoftheexposedcore
materialplacedonthelandwardside.Thisissuewas
addressedinTestSeries4and5.
TS1Seinvestiglaestabilidaddelaunidad
ACCROPODETMparalarecuperacindeterrenoenel
tronco,eltroncodelespoln,cabezaredondadel
rompeolas,utilizandoconunaseriedecombinaciones
deniveldeolasydelmar,incluyendolaolamar
adentrodeHs=6,2m(alturadeolasignificativa)con
unperododeretorno570aos.Losresultadosdelas
pruebasindicaronquelosrequisitosdelaCLIse
cumplieronparalaestabilidad:noremocinde
unidades,balanceomuylimitado,yasentamiento
limitado.Lasolasquesobrepasan(overtopping)enel
troncoderecuperacindeterrenosprodujeron
erosinsignificativadelmaterialdencleoexpuesto
colocadoenelladohaciatierra.Esteasuntofue
evaluadoenlaseriedepruebas4y5.
TS2Examinedthestabilityandovertopping
processesforthebreakwaterstructureatthebendin
thesoutheastcorneroftheterminalunderaseriesof
waveandwaterlevelcombinations,includingthe570
yearevent.Thetestresultsindicatednoextraction,no
rockingandonlylimitedsettlementofthe
ACCROPODETMunits.Thebeddingstoneshowed
significanterosionandwasincreasedinwidthin
subsequenttests.Erosionofthebackslope,dueto
overtopping,wasobserved.
TS2Seexaminlaestabilidadylosprocesosdeolas
quesobrepasan(overtopping)paralaestructuradel
rompeolasenlacurvaenlaesquinasurestedela
terminalbajounaseriedecombinacionesdeolasyde
niveldelmar,incluyendoeleventode570aos.Los
resultadosdelaspruebasindicaronquenohay
extraccin,nibalanceoysloasentamientolimitado
delasunidadesACCROPODETM.Lacamadepiedra
mostrunaerosinsignificativayseincrementenel
anchoenlaspruebassiguientes.Seobserverosinde
lapendientehaciaatrsdebidoalsobrepasedeolas
(overtopping).
310
TBG030713120850PHL
TS3Thistestseriesassessedstabilityand
overtoppingprocessesatthebendinthesoutheast
corner,butincorporatedimprovementstothesection
toaddressissuesidentifiedinTestSeries2.The
beddingstonewidthwaswidenedandthecrestback
slopeareawaswidenedwithlargerstone.These
improvementsledtoimprovedstabilityofthebedding
layerandastablebackslopeatthecrest.
TS3Estaseriedepruebasevaluaronlaestabilidady
losprocesosdesobrepasedelasolas(overtopping)en
lacurvaenlaesquinasureste,perosehanincorporado
mejorasenelcorteparaabordarlosproblemas
identificadosenlaseriedepruebas2.Seaumentel
anchodelascamasdepiedraylapendientehacia
atrsdecrestareaseampliconpiedras(rocas)de
mayortamao.Estasmejorascondujeronauna
estabilidadmejoradadelacapadecamayuna
pendientehaciaatrsenlacrestaestable.
TS4andTS5Thesetestswereconductedinaflume
inordertoexaminecrestovertoppingimpactsfor
differentcrestconfigurations.Atotaloffive
configurationswereexaminedinTS4.The
configurationsforTS5wereslightvariationsfrom
thoseinTS4.Stormeventsrangingfrom10yearto
570yearreturnperiodswereusedinthetests.The
needtobuttressthebackslopeACCROPODETMunits
withanunderlayerwasconfirmed.Additionally,the
useofacutoffwallprovidedincreasedstabilitytothe
underlayer.Aswouldbeexpected,anincreaseinthe
crestelevationreducedwaveovertoppingand
providedagreaterlevelofprotectiontothecrest.
TS4y5TSEstaspruebassellevaronacaboenun
canaldeflujoconelfindeexaminarlosimpactoslas
olasquesobrepasanlacresta(overtopping)paralas
diferentesconfiguracionesdelacresta.Seexaminaron
untotaldecincoconfiguracionesenTS4.Las
configuracionesparaTS5eranligerasvariacionesde
aquellasenTS4.Seutilizaronenlaspruebas
tormentasquevanenunrangode10aosa570aos
deperodosderetorno.Seconfirmlanecesidadde
reforzarlasunidadesACCROPODETMdelapendiente
haciaatrsconunacapainferior.Adems,elusodeun
murodecontencinproporcionmayorestabilidada
lacapainferior.Comoeradeesperar,unaumentoen
laelevacindecrestareducelasolasquesobrepasan
(overtopping)yproporcionaunmayornivelde
proteccinalacresta.
Forarmorlayerstability,themainconclusionfromthe
physicalmodeltestingisthattheACCROPODETMconcrete
armorunitsizeof6.8m3forthetrunkand9.2m3forthe
roundheadwasconfirmedtomeettheCLIrequirements
forstability.
Paralaestabilidadcapadearmadura,seconfirmquela
principalconclusindelaspruebasmodelofsicoesquelas
unidadesdearmaduradeconcretoACCROPODETMde6,8
m3paraeltroncoy9,2m3paralacabezaredondacumplen
losrequisitosdelaCLIparalaestabilidad.
FIGURE3.6
StabilityModelConstruction
FIGURA3.6
ConstruccindelModelodeEstabilidad
311
Asummaryofarmorlayersfortheentirestructure
lengthisprovidedinTable3.4below.
Unresumendelascapasdearmaduraparalaextensintotal
delaestructurasemuestraenelCuadro3.4siguiente.
TABLE3.4
ArmorTypeandsizealongBreakwaterLength
CUADRO3.4
TiposyTamaodeArmaduraalolargodelRompeolas
Station
20+00to20+180
20+180to20+400
ArmorType
ArmorSize
Stone
0.5to3.0tonnes
Piedra
0,5a3,0toneladas
3.0to5.0tonnes
Stone
3,0a5,0toneladas
TM
ACCROPODE
20+400to20+846
Concretearmorunit
Unidaddearmaduradeconcreto
ACCROPODETM
20+846to21+076
Concretearmorunit
ACCROPODETM
21+076to21+683
Concretearmorunit
ACCROPODETM
21+683to21+910
Concretearmorunit
ACCROPODETM
21+910to22+204
Concretearmorunit
ACCROPODETM
25+063to25+090*
Concretearmorunit
6.8m
6,8m3
9.2m
9,2m3
6.8m
6,8m
9.2m
9,2m
6.8m
6,8m3
6.8m
6,8m3
ACCROPODETM
25+090to25+100
Concretearmorunit
3
9.2m
*Stationequation22+204=25+063/Equacindeestacionamiento22+204=25+063.
312
TBG030713120850PHL
3.7
Underlayer Stability
BaseduponBairdsestimateoftheoperationalwave
climateatthesite,waveheightsduringconstructionare
expectedtoexceedHs=1.3mapproximately50%ofthe
time.Observationsduringthephysicalmodeltests,using
operationalwaves,indicatedthatexposedunderlayer
materialmaybesubjecttomovement.Accordingly,the
stabilityofthestoneunderlayers(filter)during
constructionofthebreakwaterwarrantedspecific
attentionduringdesigndevelopment.
Table3.5illustratesthewaveheightandassociatedstable
stonesizeforarangeofwaveconditionsthatmaybe
expectedduringconstruction.
3.7 Estabilidad de la Capa

Inferior
ConbaseenlaestimacindeBairddelclimadelaola
operativaenelsitio,seesperaquelasalturasdelasolas
durantelaconstruccinsuperenHs=1,3m
aproximadamente50%deltiempo.Lasobservaciones
durantelaspruebasdemodelofsico,utilizandoolas
operativas,indicaronqueelmaterialexpuestodecapa
inferiorpuedesersujetoalmovimiento.Enconsecuencia,
laestabilidaddelascapasinferioresdepiedradebase
(filtro)durantelaconstruccindelrompeolasjustificauna
atencinespecficaduranteeldesarrollodeldiseo.
Cuadro3.5ilustralaalturadelasolasyeltamaoasociado
piedraestableparaunrangodecondicionesdeoleajeque
sepuedenesperardurantelaconstruccin.
TABLE3.5
CUADRO3.5
TamaoEstabledePiedraversusLmiteSupuestodeAlturade
Ola
StableStoneSizeversusAssumedThresholdWaveHeight
FrequencyofExceedance
WaveHeight,Hm0(m)
StableStoneSize,W50(t)
Frecuenciadelaexcedencia
AlturadelaOla,Hm0(m)
TamaodePiedraEstable,W50(t)
5%
2.4m
1.7
10%
2.1m
1.2
25%
1.7m
0.6
50%
1.3m
0.3
Forcomparisonpurposes,theCLIrecommendedfilter
stonesizefor6.8m3ACCROPODETMunits,asadoptedin
thefinaldesign,is1.3to3.0tonnes,withamedianstone
size(W50)of2.0tonnes.Basedonthisinformation,itis
anticipatedthattheremaybesomedisplacement
of/damagetothefilterlayerifleftexposedduringan
eventthatismoreseverethanthe5%exceedanceevent
(Hs>2.4m).
Aefectosdecomparacin,eltamaodelapiedradelfiltro
recomendadoporCLIparaunidadesACCROPODETMde6,8
m3,adoptadaseneldiseofinal,esde1,3a3,0toneladas,
conunamedianadeltamaodepiedra(W50)de2,0
toneladas.Basndoseenestainformacin,seprevque
puedehaberalgndesplazamientode/daoalacapade
filtrosisedejaexpuestoduranteuneventoqueesms
severoqueeleventodeexcedencia5%(Hs>2,4m).
313
3.8
Core Material
Forcorematerial,thegradationutilizedinthephysical
modelstudywasnominally1to2,000kg,withamedian
stonesize(W50)intheorderof300kg.Itisnotedthat
roundedcorematerialispermittedinthespecifications.
Dependingonthemagnitudeanddurationofwave
conditionsduringconstruction,somedisplacementofcore
materialcouldoccur.Ifso,additionalconstruction
operationswillberequiredtorestorethecrosssectionto
thedesignconfiguration.Theprojectspecificationsrequire
theContractortorepairanydamagetothebreakwateras
aresultofwaveactionduringconstruction.
Paramaterialdencleo,lagradacinutilizadaenel
estudiodelmodelofsicoeranominalmentede1a2.000
kg,conunamedianadeltamaodelapiedra(W50)enel
ordende300kg.Seobservaqueestpermitidoelmaterial
dencleoredondeadoenlasespecificaciones.
Dependiendodelamagnitudyduracindelascondiciones
deoleajedurantelaconstruccin,puedeocurriralgn
desplazamientodelmaterialdencleo.Siesas,se
requerirnoperacionesadicionalesdeconstruccinpara
restaurarlaseccintransversaldelaconfiguracinde
diseo.Lasespecificacionesdelproyectoexigenal
Contratistalareparacindecualquierdaoalrompeolas
comoresultadodelaaccindelasolasdurantela
construccin.
3.9
Crest Design
3.9
3.9.1 Crest Elevation
Thecrestelevationofthebreakwaterstructurewas
determinedthroughtheuseofthephysicalmodeltests.
Severalcrosssections,withvaryingcrestelevations,were
testedinthemodelunderavarietyofstormwave
conditionsatarangeofwaterlevels(seeFigure3.7).Wave
overtoppingwasmeasuredusingovertoppingcatchment
basins,withsubsequentdataanalysesprovidingan
estimateofmeanandmaximumwaveovertoppingrates;
thesemeasurementswereaugmentedbyvisual
observationsofwaveovertoppingduringthetests.
314
3.8 Material de Ncleo
Diseo de la Cresta
3.9.1 Elevacin de la Cresta
Laelevacindecrestadelaestructuradelrompeolasse
determinmedianteelusodelaspruebasdemodelo
fsico.Varioscortestransversales,conlaselevacionesde
lacrestavariables,seprobaronenelmodelobajouna
variedaddecondicionesdelasolasdetormentaenuna
gamadenivelesdeagua(vaselaFigura3.7).Semidieron
lasolasquesobrepasan(overtopping)usandobandejasde
captacindeolasquesobrepasan(overtopping),con
anlisisposteriordedatosseproveyunclculodelas
tasasmediaymximadeolasquesobrepasan
(overtopping);estasmedicionesfueroncomplementadas
conobservacionesvisualesdeolasquesobrepasan
(overtopping)durantelaspruebas.
TBG030713120850PHL
FIGURE3.7
SampleCrossSectionforCrestAssessment
FIGURA3.7
MuestradeCorteparaEvaluacindelaCresta
Table3.6presentstheresultsofthetests.Theovertopping
valuesforacrestlevelof+6.5mwereextrapolated,asa
specifictestwasnotrunforthiselevation.Thewave
overtoppingratesrepresentanestimateoftheamountof
waterthathaspassedoverthebreakwatercrest,across
theroadandintothecontaineryard.Itisnotedthatthe
physicalmodelresultsaresubjecttocertainmodeland
scaleeffects,particularlyunderconditionsthatcause
limitedovertoppingassociatedwithsprayandsplash.
Morespecifically,scaleeffectsassociatedwithsurface
tensionandviscosityaresuchthatthemodelmay
overestimatesprayandsplashovertopping,whilethe
absenceofwindinthemodelissuchthatthemodelmay
underestimatesprayandsplashovertopping.Thesemodel
andscaleeffectsarelesssignificantforsevereovertopping
conditions,whicharecharacterizedbygreenwater(sheet
flow)acrossthecrestofthebreakwater.
ElCuadro3.6presentalosresultadosdelaspruebas.Se
extrapolaronlosvaloresdeolasquesobrepasan
(overtopping)paraunniveldecrestade+6,5m,yaqueno
seejecutunapruebaespecficaparaestaelevacin.Los
ndicesdeolasquesobrepasan(overtopping)representan
unestimadodelacantidaddeaguaquehapasadopor
encimadelacrestadelrompeolas,cruzandolacalleyel
patiodecontenedores.Sehacenotarquelosresultados
delosmodelosfsicosestnsujetosaciertosefectosdel
modeloylaescala,enparticularbajocondicionesque
causandeolasquesobrepasan(overtopping)limitado,
asociadoconpulverizacinysalpicaduras.Ms
especficamente,losefectosdeescalaasociadosconla
tensinsuperficialylaviscosidadsontales,queelmodelo
puedesobreestimarlapulverizacinylassalpicadurasde
olasquesobrepasan(overtopping),mientrasquela
ausenciadevientoenelmodeloestal,queelmodelode
pulverizacinpuedesubestimarlapulverizacinylas
salpicadurasdeolasquesobrepasan(overtopping).Estos
efectosdelmodeloylaescalasonmenosimportantespara
condicionesseverasdeolasquesobrepasan
(overtopping),quesecaracterizanporelaguaverde(flujo
laminar)atravsdelacrestadeldique.
315
TABLE3.6
EstimatedWaveOvertoppingRates(WaterLevel=+0.6
mMLD)
+6.5mStructure
+7.0mStructure
+7.75mStructure
+8.5mStructure
Estructura+6.5m
Estructura+7.0m
Estructura+7.75m
Estructura+8.5m
Upper
Estimate
qAVERAGE(l/s
/m)
Lower
Estimate
qAVERAGE
(l/s/m)
Upper
Estimate
qAVERAGE(l/s
/m)
Lower
Estimate
qAVERAGE
(l/s/m)
Upper
Estimate
qAVERAGE(l/s
/m)
Lower
Estimate
qAVERAGE
(l/s/m)
Upper
Estimate
qAVERAGE(l/s
/m)
Estimacin
Superior
qPROMEDIO
(l/s/m)
Estimacin
Inferior
qPROMEDIO
(l/s/m)
Estimacin
Superior
qPROMEDIO
(l/s/m)
Estimacin
Inferior
qPROMEDIO
(l/s/m)
Estimacin
Superior
qPROMEDIO
(l/s/m)
Estimacin
Inferior
qPROMEDIO
(l/s/m)
Estimacin
Superior
qPROMEDIO
(l/s/m)
0.4
0.4
36
1.3
0.2
40
12
420
11
10
14
240
12
20
12
50
710
43
70
30
50
14
20
LowerEstimate
qAVERAGE(l/s/m)
StormReturn
Period/
Perodode
Retornode
tormenta
CUADRO3.6
TasasEstimadasdeOlasqueSobrepasan(overtopping) (Nivel
delMar=+0.6mMLD)
Estimacin
Inferior
qPROMEDIO
(l/s/m)
10year
10aos
20year
20aos
50year
50aos
100year
100aos
200year
200aos
570year
570aos
CH2MHILLdirectedBairdtocompletedesigndevelopment
forthebreakwater,forthereachesusingthe
ACCROPODETMunitsassumingacrestelevationof+6.5m
MonDatum,plusthesettlementallowancesdiscussedin
Section2.3.2.Thecrestelevationsalongthereaches
utilizingarmorstonewereestablishedbyfirstdetermining
arelationshipbetweenwaveheight,waverunupandthe
relativefreeboard,F(theelevationdifferencebetweenthe
stillwaterlevelandthecrestofthestructure).Thiswas
donebyconsideringphysicalmodelwaveresultsand
visualobservationsforobliquewaveattack.Aconservative
valueofF/Hs=1.4wasadoptedandthenappliedtoboth
desktopcalculationsandphysicalmodelwaveresultsat
varyingdepthsalongthewesternsideofthereclamation
atcontourslessthan6m.Theresultingdesigncrest
elevationsalongvariousreachesofthebreakwaterare
summarizedinFigure3.8.
316
CH2MHILLinstruyaBairdacompletareldesarrollodel
diseodelrompeolasparalostramos,mediantelas
unidadesACCROPODETMsuponiendounaelevacinde
crestade+6,5mDatumMon,ademsdelastolerancias
deasentamientospresentadosenlaSeccin2.3.2.Las
elevacionesdelacrestaalolargodelostramosdela
armadurafueronestablecidosutilizandoarmadurade
piedra,primeramentedeterminandounarelacinentrela
alturadelaola,explosindelaolarunupyel
francobordorelativo,F(ladiferenciadealturaentreel
niveldelaguacalmaylacrestadelaestructura).Estose
realizteniendoencuentalosresultadosdelaoladel
modelofsicoylasobservacionesvisualesparaataque
oblicuodelaola.FueadoptadounvalorconservadordeF
/Hs=1,4yseaplicarontantoalosclculosdeescritorio
comoalosresultadosfsicosdeondadelmodeloen
diferentesprofundidadesalolargodelladooestedela
recuperacindeterrenos,enlascurvasdeniveldemenos
de6m.Laselevacionesdediseodelacrestaresultantes
alolargodevariostramosdelrompeolasseresumenenla
Figura3.8.
TBG030713120850PHL
FIGURE3.8
DesignCrestElevationsalongtheBreakwaterAlignment
FIGURA3.8
ElevacionesdeDiseodelaCrestaalolargodelAlineamiento
delRompeolas
3.9.2 Crest Width
Thebackslopeareaofthecrestisconfiguredto
adequatelysupporttheACCROPODETMarmorunitsand
remainstableundersevereevents.Thecrestwidthis
sufficienttoaccommodateatleastthreeACCROPODETM
armorunits,asperCLIguidelines.Theactualcrestwidth
alsodependsonthecorestonecrestwidthrequiredfor
constructionofthebreakwater.Assumingtheconstruction
operationislandbased,thecorewidthshouldallowfor
rocktrucktopassthelargestplacementequipment,
typicallyalargecrawlercraneorexcavator.Further,the
workingplatformshouldprovidesomefreeboardabove
hightide,tolimitwaveovertoppingontotheworking
platformduringconstructionoperations.Basedonthe
operationalwaveclimateatthissite,andpractical
experiencewithsimilarstructures,thefinaldesignforthe
breakwaterprovidesaminimumcorewidthof10matan
elevationof+3.0mMonDatum.
3.9.2 Ancho de la Cresta
Lazonadeltaludhaciaatrsdelacrestaestconfigurada
parasoportaradecuadamentelasunidadesdearmadura
ACCROPODETMyquepermanezcanestableseneventos
severos.Elanchodecrestaessuficienteparaacomodaral
menostresunidadesdearmaduraACCROPODETM,segn
lasguasdeCLI.Elanchodelacrestarealtambin
dependedelanchodelacrestadelncleodepiedra
necesariaparalaconstruccindelrompeolas.Suponiendo
quelaoperacindeconstruccinestbasadaentierra,el
anchodelncleodeberapermitirquepasenlasvagonetas
paraacarreodepiedrayelequipomsgrandede
colocacin,tpicamenteunagrasobreorugasgrandeo
excavadora.Adems,laplataformadetrabajodeber
proporcionarciertofrancobordoencimadelamareaalta,
paralimitarellasolasquesobrepasen(overtopping)sobre
laplataformadetrabajodurantelasoperacionesde
construccin.Conbaseenelclimadeoleajedeoperacin
enestesitio,ylaexperienciaprcticaconestructuras
317
similares,eldiseofinaldelrompeolasproporcionaun
anchomnimode10m,aunaelevacinde3,0mdel
DatumMon.
3.9.3 Crest Back Slope Area
3.9.3 Zona del Talud hacia Atrs de la

Cresta
Thebackslopeofthecrestareaisconfiguredto
adequatelysupporttheACCROPODETMconcretearmor
unitsandremainstableunderthedesignevent.Basedon
theresultsofthephysicalmodeltests,andconsidering
proposedlandsidegradesanddrainagerequirements,the
finalarmorunitonthebackslope(refertoFigure3.7)
mustbeplacedatanelevationnohigherthan+1.8mMon
Datum.Inaddition,theunderlayeradjacenttothe
ACCROPODETMunitisrequiredtoactasabuttressforthe
armorunit.Finally,andasshowninFigure3.7,therear
slopedetailisterminatedbyacutoffwall,separatingthe
structurefromthecontaineryard;thecutoffwallincludes
scupperstofacilitatedrainage(duetorainfallandwave
overtopping)fromthepavement.
Eltaludhaciaatrsdelazonadecrestaestconfigurado
parasoportaradecuadamentelasunidadesdearmadura
deconcretoACCROPODETMyquepermanezcanestablesen
eleventodediseo.Basndoseenlosresultadosdelas
pruebasdelmodelofsico,yconsiderandolosniveles
propuestosdelladodetierraylasnecesidadesdedrenaje,
launidaddearmadurafinalsobrelaeltaludhaciaatrsde
lacresta(refirasealaFigura3.7)debensercolocadosa
unaalturanosuperiora1,8mdelDatumMon.Adems,la
capainferioradyacentealaunidadACCROPODETMse
requierequeactecomouncontrafuerteparalaunidad
dearmadura.Finalmente,ytalcomosemuestraenla
Figura3.7,eldetalledeltaludposteriorterminaenun
murodecontencin,separandolaestructuradelpatiode
contenedores;elmurodecontencindecorteincluye
imbornalesparafacilitareldrenaje(debidoalalluviaylas
olasquesobrepasan[overtopping])desdeelpavimento.
3.10 Toe and Bedding Layer
3.10 Capa de Cama del Pie
Thetoedesignisbasedonanempiricalapproachusing
twomethods(ref19and20),pastBairdexperiencewith
similarstructures,andCLIsdesignguidelines.Thefinal
designwasvalidatedinthephysicalmodel.
Eldiseodelpiesebasaenunenfoqueempricoutilizando
dosmtodos(ref19y20),experienciaspasadasdeBaird
conestructurassimilares,ylasguasdediseodeCLI.El
diseofinalfuevalidadoenelmodelofsico.
Thebeddingmaterialisusedtoprovideafoundationfor
thetoe,armorandunderlayermaterial,effectively
distributingtheweightofthestructure.Itwillalsoprevent
additionalsettlementbyreducingmigrationofsand
particlesintothestructurevoidsandreduceriskof
localizedfailureofthestructure.Therecommended
gradationforthebeddinglayeris1to250kg.
Elmaterialdecamaseutilizaparaproporcionar
cimentacinparaelpie,laarmadurayelmaterialdela
capainferior,distribuyendoeficazmenteelpesodela
estructura.Tambinevitarelasentamientoadicionalal
reducirlamigracindepartculasdearenaenlosvacosde
laestructurayreduciendoelriesgodefallalocalizadodela
estructura.Lagradacinrecomendadoparalacapade
camaes1a250kg.
318
TBG030713120850PHL
SECTION4
SECCIN4
Estimatedquantitiesforthematerialsthatcomprisethe
entire2,175mbreakwaterhavebeendeterminedusing
theaverageendareamethod.Thefollowingassumptions
wereincorporatedintothecalculationsforthequantities
andthequantitiesareshowninTable4.1below:
Lascantidadesestimadasparalosmaterialesque
componenlatotalidaddelos2.175mdelrompeolasse
handeterminadoutilizandoelmtododesuperficiemedia
final.Lossiguientessupuestosfueronincorporadosenlos
clculosdelascantidadesylascantidadessemuestranen
elCuadro4.1acontinuacin:
Estimatedquantitiesarebasedonthefinaldrawing
developmentsubmittedtoCH2MHILLonFebruary15,
2013.
Lascantidadesestimadassebasaneneldesarrollode
planosfinalespresentadoaCH2MHILLel15de
febrerode2013.
Breakwatercrestelevationsandquantitiesinclude
allowancesforsettlementasperCH2MHILL
instructiondatedFebruary8,2013andfollowup
correspondencedatedFebruary11,2013.
LaElevacindelacrestadelrompeolasycantidades
incluyentoleranciasparaelasentamientodeacuerdo
conlainstruccinCH2MHILLdel8defebrerode2013
ycorrespondenciadeseguimientodel11defebrero
de2013.
Inplacedensityshouldbetrackedduringconstruction
toimprovefinalestimates.
Ladensidadensitiodebesermonitoreadadurantela
construccinparamejorarlasestimacionesfinales.
9.2CMACCROPODETMunitcountconsidersa0.639
packingdensityperCLIandthespecifications.
LacantidaddeunidadesdeACCROPODETMde9,2CM
consideraunadensidaddeempaquede0,639segn
CLIylasespecificaciones.
6.8CMACCROPODETMunitcountconsidersa0.635
packingdensityperCLIandthespecifications.
LacantidaddeunidadesdeACCROPODETMde6,8CM
consideraunadensidaddeempaquede0,635segn
CLIylasespecificaciones.
1.9tonne/CMstoneglobalassumptionfor
quantities.
1,9tonelada/CMpiedrasupuestoglobalparalas
cantidades.
Excavationthroughbeachisbasedonexistingsurvey,
whichissubjecttochangeasthebeachisdynamic.
Laexcavacinenplayaestbasadaenlevantamiento
topogrficoexistente,lacualestsujetaacambios
pueslaplayaesdinmica.
Theactuallengthofcutoffwallatstubandshoretied
breakwater(wallterminations)mayvarywith
CH2MHILLdetails.
Lalongitudrealdelmurodecontencinenelespoln
talnyelrompeolaspegadoalacosta(terminaciones
delmuro)puedevariarconlosdetallesdeCH2MHILL.
Estimated Quantities
Cantidades Estimadas
TABLE4.1
EstimatedQuantities
DescriptionBreakwater
TM
Unit
EstimatedQuantity
1.01
ConcreteArmorUnitsACCROPODE (6.8CM)
EA
9,660
1.02
ConcreteArmorUnitsACCROPODETM(9.2CM)
EA
3,900
1.03
ClassA1(ArmorStone,35tonnes)
Tonne
89,000
1.04
ClassA2(ArmorStone,0.53tonnes)
Tonne
4,600
1.05
ClassB1(FilterStone,1.33tonnes)
Tonne
294,000
TBG030713120850PHL
41
SECTION 4ESTIMATED QUANTITIES
TABLE4.1
EstimatedQuantities
DescriptionBreakwater
Unit
EstimatedQuantity
1.06
ClassB2(FilterStone,0.20.6tonnes)
Tonne
16,000
1.07
ClassB3(FilterStone,0.10.3tonnes)
Tonne
2,600
1.08
ClassC(CoreStone,12000kg)
Tonne
1,700,000
1.09
ClassD(BeddingStone,1250kg)
Tonne
125,000
1.10
BlindingStone
LS
1.11
PrecastConcreteCutoffWall
LM
1,980
1.12
ClearStoneGravel(ASTMC33,SizeNo.57)
LM
1,980
1.13
BeachExcavationforBreakwaterRoot
CM
2,700
1.14
Geotextile
SM
52,000
CM:CubicMeter
EA:Each
LM:LinearMeter
LS:LumpSum
SM:SquareMeter
CUADRO4.1
CantidadesEstimadas
DescripcinRompeolas
1.01
UnidadesdeArmaduradeConcretoACCROPODETM(6.8CM)
TM
Unidad
CantidadEstimada
EA
9.660
EA
3.900
1.02
UnidadesdeArmaduradeConcretoACCROPODE (9.2CM)
1.03
ClaseA1(ArmaduradePiedra,35toneladas)
Tonelada
89.000
1.04
ClaseA2(duradePiedra,0.53toneladas)
Tonelada
4.600
1.05
ClasseB1(PiedradeFiltro,1.33toneladas)
Tonelada
294.000
1.06
ClaseB2(PiedraparaFiltro,0.20.6toneladas)
Tonelada
16.000
1.07
ClaseB3(PiedraparaFiltro,0.10.3toneladas)
Tonelada
2.600
1.08
ClaseC(PiedraparaNcleo,12000kg)
Tonelada
1.700.000
1.09
ClaseD(Piedraparacama,1250kg)
Tonelada
125.000
1.10
PiedraparaSello
LS
1.11
MurodeContencindeConcretoPrefabricadol
LM
1.980
1.12
GravadePiedraLimpia(ASTMC33,SizeNo.57)
LM
1.980
1.13
ExcavacinenPlayaparaBasedelRompeolas
CM
2.700
1.14
Geotextil
SM
52.000
CM:MetroCbico
EA:Cadauno
LM:MetroLineal
LS:SumaAlzada
SM:MetroCuadrado
42
TBG030713120850PHL

SECTION5
SECCIN 5
Thedesignconditionsforthebreakwaterstructureatthe
proposedAPMTerminalinMonarebasedona10percent
probabilityoffailureduringadesignservicelifeof60
years.TheassociateddesignwaveheightofHs=6.2m
(offshore)hasanestimatedreturnperiodof570years.
Lascondicionesdediseoparalaestructuraderompeolas
enelTerminalAPMenMonpropuestasebasaenuna
probabilidaddel10porcientodefalladuranteunavida
tildediseode60aos.Laalturalaoladediseo
asociadaesHsm=6,2(maradentro)tieneunperodode
retornoestimadode570aos.
Thebreakwateralignmentwasbasedonapreliminary
assessment(ref1)conductedbyBairdthatconcludeda
terminalalignmentrotatedclockwisefromtheconceptual
designwouldlikelyresultinmorewaveprotectionofthe
berthentrance.Thebreakwateralsoincorporatesastub
breakwateratthesoutheastcorneroftheterminal.The
lengthofthisstubbreakwaterwasdeterminedby
CH2MHILLtobe100mbasedupontheresultsofphysical
andnumericalstudiesofmooredshipresponse,
undertakenbyBaird.
Elalineamientodelrompeolassebasenunaevaluacin
preliminar(ref1)realizadaporBaird,queconcluyenuna
rotacindelalineamientodelaterminalensentidohorario
apartirdeldiseoconceptual,esprobablequeproduzca
unmayorabrigo/proteccindelaolaalaentradadel
muelle.Elrompeolastambinincorporaunespolnenla
esquinasurestedelaterminal.Lalongituddeesteespoln
delrompeolasfuedeterminadaporCH2MHILLde100m,
conbaseenlosresultadosdelosestudiosfsicosy
numricosderespuestadelbarcoatracado,realizadospor
Baird.
TheACCROPODETMarmorunitwasselectedasthe
preferredarmorunittypeduetoitsoverallrobustness,
lackofreadilyavailablearmorstone,andlonghistoryof
successfulperformance.Stoneisusedastheprimary
armorlayeronthesouthwestsideofthestructureasthe
waveconditionsinthisareaarelessseverethantheeast
andnorthsides.
LaunidaddearmaduraACCROPODETMfueseleccionada
comoeltipodeunidaddearmaduraidneadebidoasu
robustezgeneral,laescasezdepiedradearmadura
fcilmentedisponible,ylalargahistoriaderendimiento
exitoso.Lapiedraseutilizacomocapadearmadura
principalenelladosuroestedelaestructurapueslas
condicionesdelasolasdeestazonasonmenosseveras
queladelosladosesteynorte.
BasedonanalysesbyCH2MHILLforslopestabilityduringa
seismicevent,thestructureslopeislimitedtoamaximum
valueof1.5H:1Vontheseawardsideofthestructureand
1.25H:1Vonthereclamationside.
ConbaseenlosanlisisdeCH2MHILLparaestabilidaddel
taludduranteuneventossmico,lapendientedela
estructuraestlimitadaaunvalormximode1,5H:1Ven
elladohaciaelmardelaestructurayH1,25:1Venellado
hacialarecuperacindeterrenos.
Thecrestelevationwasestablishedusingresultsfromthe
physicalmodelovertoppinginvestigationand
incorporatinganalysisofpotentialstructuresettlement.
CH2MHILLhasprovideddirectiontoBaird(ref10)to
definethebreakwaterstublengthandcrestelevations.
Laelevacindecrestaseestableciutilizandolos
resultadosdelainvestigacindelmodelofsicodelasolas
quesobrepasan(overtopping)ylaincorporacindel
anlisisdeasentamientopotencialdelaestructura.CH2M
HILLhaproporcionadoladireccinaBaird(ref10)para
definirlalongituddelespolndelrompeolasylas
elevacionesdelacresta.
Basedonthedesignworkcompletedandouroverall
experience,weofferthefollowingrecommendations.
Conbaseeneltrabajodediseoterminadoynuestra
experienciaengeneral,ofrecemoslassiguientes
recomendaciones.
1. Giventherelativelyactiveandpersistentwaveclimate
atthesite,projectinformationrelatedtothewave
climateshouldbeprovidedtobiddersduring
1. Dadoelclimadeoleajerelativamenteactivoy
persistenteenelsitio,lainformacindelproyecto
relacionadaconelclimamartimo,debe
Summary and
Recommendations
TBG030713120850PHL
Resumen y
Recomendaciones
51
SECTION 5SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
negotiation.
proporcionarsealosoferentesdurantelanegociacin.
2. AsBairdisthedesignerofthebreakwater,itisprudent 2. ComoBairdeseldiseadordelrompeolas,es
thattheybeinvolvedwiththeconstructionofthe
prudentequeestinvolucradoenlaconstruccindel
breakwaterincludingonsitevisits,interactionwiththe
rompeolas,incluidaslasvisitasenelsitio,la
Contractor,reviewofsubmittals,confirmationof
interaccinconelContratista,larevisindelos
workmanshipandseveralotheraspects.
entregables,confirmacindelamanodeobrayvarios
otrosaspectos.
3. TheprojectspecificationsrequiretheContractorto
retainConcreteLayerInnovations(CLI)toprovide
technicalsupportrelatedtothefabricationand
placementoftheACCROPODETMunits.
3. Lasespecificacionesdelproyectorequierenqueel
ContratistacontrateaConcreteInnovationsLayer(CLI)
paraquepresteapoyotcnicorelacionadoconla
fabricacinycolocacindelasunidades
ACCROPODETM.
52
TBG030713120850PHL

SECTION6
References
SECCIN 6
Referencias
Baird.2012.ContainerTerminalatMon,CostaRica,PreliminaryTerminalLayoutAssessmentTask1.
Baird.2012b.LocalStoneMaterialsInvestigation,ReportIssuedtoCH2MHILL,dated23July2012.
Baird.2012.WaveOvertoppingCriteriaandPhysicalModelTestResults.
Baird.2013.APMContainerTerminalatMon,CostaRica,FinalMetoceanReport.
Baird.2013.MonContainerTerminalDraftMarineOperabilityTechnicalMemorandum.
BurcharthH.F.,Frigaard,P.,Uzcanga,J.,Berenguer,J.M.,Madrigal,B.G.,andVillanueva,J.1995.Designofthe
CiervanaBreakwater,Bilbao.ProceedingsoftheAdvancesinCoastalStructuresandBreakwatersConference,
InstitutionofCivilEngineers,ThomasTelford,London,UK,pp2643.
CH2MHILL/APMTerminals,DrawingnumberG.01G.11,DR.01DR.04,LR.01LR.07,BW.01,S.01S.02,
ConceptualDesignoftheMonContainerTerminal,datedMarch2010.
CH2MHILL.2013.SlopeStabilityAnalysisforNorthBreakwaterDike,APMContainerTerminal,Phase2A,Mon,
CostaRica.
CH2MHILL.2013.SettlementEstimatesforPhase2ATerminal,APMTContainerTerminal,Mon,CostaRica.
CH2MHILLBairdemailcommunication.Feb5,2013.SettlementAnalysisandCrestElevation.
CH2MHILLBairdemailcommunication.Feb11,2013.SlopeStability.
CH2MHILLBairdlettercommunication.Sept6,2012.ArmorUnitSelection.
CLI.2012.ACCROPODETMDesignGuideTables.AvailableOnlineat:http://www.concretelayer.com.Retrieved28
August2012.
EUROTOP.2008.WaveOvertoppingofSeaDefencesandRelatedStructures:AssessmentManual.
Galland,J.C.1994.RubblemoundBreakwaterStabilityUnderObliqueWaves:AnExperimentalStudy.Proceedings
ofthe24thInternationalConferenceonCoastalEngineering,ASCE,Kobe,Japan.
NRC.2013.2Dand3DPhysicalModelStudiesofBreakwaterStabilityatMon,CostaRica.DatedMarch2013.
NRC.2013.3DPhysicalModelStudiesofWaveAgitationandMooredShipMotionsatthePortofMon.dated
February2013.
PIANC.2012.Criteriaforthe(un)loadingofcontainerships.ReportofWorkingGroup115.
USACE.2002.CoastalEngineeringManual.EngineerManual.111021100,U.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineers,
Washington,D.C.(insixvolumes).
USACE.2011.SeaLevelChangeConsiderationsforCivilWorksPrograms.EngineeringCircularNo.EC11652212,
preparedbytheUSArmyCorpsofEngineers,01October2011.
VanderMeer,J.W.,d'Angremond,K.,andGerding,E.1995.ToeStructureStabilityofRubbleMoundBreakwaters.
ProceedingsoftheAdvancesinCoastalStructuresandBreakwatersConference,InstitutionofCivilEngineers,
ThomasTelfordPublishing,London,UK,pp308321.
TBG030713120850PHL
61
Appendix A / Apndice A
Design Calculations / Clculos de Diseo
Design of Western Revetment Stone Size - Port of Moin Container Terminal, Costa Rica
(a) Theoretical Breaking Wave Height (Desktop Calculations)
Waterr Depth
(m
m)
Slope:
0.003333
0 003333
Water depth includes 0.5m design water level increase (relative to MSL)
Method:
Period:
2.5
4.5
6.5
8.5
10.5
Kamphuis (1991)
13
15
1.5
1.5
2.6
2.7
3.7
3.8
4.8
4.9
5.9
6.0
Goda (1984)
13
2.1
3.1
4.2
5.2
6.1
Shuto (1974) Non-Linear Approximation Physical Model

13
15
15
7.7
8.7
No measurement
8.8
10.2
No measurement
11.1
13.6
No measurement
18.3
24.7
No measurement
64.1
96.5
6.46
Linear Theory
15
2.1
3.2
4.3
5.3
6.4
13
6.9
7.1
7.5
8.2
9.3
15
7.2
7.6
8.0
8.7
10.0
(b) Method 1: Reduction in Design Breaking Height by Equivalent Perpendicular Wave Height Method (Gallant, 1994)
Maximum Wave Angle
g to West Revetment Alignment=
g
Reduction factor for stone =
Reduction factor for ACCROPODESTM =
20
0.765
0.342
Consider this to be an approximate

pp
incident wave direction of 20 degrees
g
Only works for angular values listed in "Equiv_Perp_H" Tab
Only works for angular values listed in "Equiv_Perp_H" Tab
B
Based
d upon th
the above
b
values,
l
G
Goda
d appears tto yield
i ld the
th mostt reasonable
bl numbers:
b
D th ((m))
Depth
Hs (m)
( )
2.5
4.5
65
6.5
8.5
10.5
2.1
3.2
43
4.3
5.3
6.4
Equivalent Wave Heights

ACCROPODE
St
Stone
Hs (m)
( )
TM
Hs (m)
0.73
1.64
1.09
2.44
1 45
3 25
1.45
3.25
1.81
4.06
2.18
4.86
Revetment Primary Armour Sizing

St
Stone
M50 (t)
0.6
1.9
44
4.4
8.5
14.6
ACCROPODE TM
Mass (t)
0.0
0.1
02
0.2
0.3
0.5
ACCROPODE TM
Volume (CM)
0.009
0.03
0 07
0.07
0.14
0.24
Depth (m)
2.5
4.5
65
6.5
8.5
10.5
Inputs:
Density of Water
D
Density
it off C
Concrete
t
Density of Stone
Cotan Slope
Stability
y Coefficient of Stone
TM
Stability Coefficient of ACCROPODE
1025
2300
2650
1.5
3.5
15
kg/m3
3
k /
kg/m
3
kg/m
As p
per SPM '77,, Breaking
g Wave,, Trunk
Based on CLI design literature for a seabed slope < 1%
(c) Method 2: Direct Results from Numerical and Physical Model Runs
Point of Extraction (refer to location table in "Numerical Runs" tab)
Sid off
4-W
Westt Side
Pt. 1 - Validate PM Results (~-10m Pt. 3 - Off Trunk of Revetment in - Pt. 2 - Off Trunk of Revetment in -12m
Revetment, -10m
water, at transition of spur)
19.5m Water
Water
water
Water Level
0.5
05
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
05
0.5
0.5
Offshore Offshore
Direction Hm0 (m)
0
0
0
20
20
55
55
55
3.7
37
4.5
6.4
4.5
6.4
3.7
45
4.5
6.4
Tp (s)
Hm0 (m)
Direction
Hm0 (m)
Direction
Hm0 (m)
Direction
Hm0 (m)
Direction
Hm0 (m)
14
15
15
15
15
14
15
15
3.5
35
4.4
5.3
4.9
5.5
3.7
46
4.6
5.4
28
28
27
32
31
41
41
41
3.4
34
4.2
5.9
4.3
6.1
3.3
40
4.0
5.7
17
18
18
27
27
49
48
48
3.7
37
4.6
5.9
4.9
6.1
3.8
48
4.8
6.1
26
27
27
37
37
57
57
56
3.5
35
4.4
5.4
4.6
5.3
3.1
38
3.8
4.7
5.4
m
26
27
27
31
31
40
39
39
3.7
37
4.5
5.0
4.5
4.9
2.9
36
3.6
4.3
5.0
m
MAX:
STABILITY Physical Model Results (During Wave Cals, WP03: -19.5m depth, AVG. WP05-WP09: -12m depth, During TS3, WP)
20-year:
100-year:
570-year:
Hm00 (m)
3.7
4.5
6.4
Tp (s)
14
15
15
5 - West Side of Revetment, -8m water
Wave Calibrations
19.5m depth:
12.0m depth:
WP03
Numerical
AVG. WP05-WP09
Numerical
Hm00 (m)
Hm00 (m)
Hm00 (m)
Hm00 (m)
4.12
3.4
4.12
3.8
5.02
4.3
4.82
4.9
6.93
6.1
5.86
6.1
WP05
Hm00 (m)
4.01
4.96
6.45
TS3
9.7m depth:
Numerical
Hm00 (m)
3.7
4.9
5.5
-Physical model results are generally higher in deeper water;

-Physical
Physical model results are lower at -12m
12m depth (beyond breaking point for 570yr storm) for larger events;
-Physical model results for TS3/WP05 may be higher due to probe position and 3D (i.e. reflective) effects and build-up near 90 degree transition.
Equivalent Hm0 (m)

Direction
(Gallant, 1994)
2.8
28
3.4
3.8
3.5
3.7
2.2
28
2.8
3.3
3.8
m
28
29
28
32
32
37
37
37
Equivalen
t Stone
M50 (t)
2.9
29
5.0
7.0
5.3
6.7
1.4
27
2.7
4.4
7.0
t
6 - West Side of Revetment, -6m water
Hm0 (m)
Direction
3.6
36
4.0
4.1
4.0
4.1
3.0
36
3.6
3.8
4.1
m
31
31
31
33
33
37
37
38
Equivalent Hm0 (m)

(Gallant, 1994)
Stone
M50 (t)
Offshore
Direction
Hm0 (m)
Tp (s)
2.8
28
3.0
3.1
3.0
3.1
2.3
27
2.7
2.9
3.1
m
2.7
27
3.5
3.9
3.6
3.8
1.5
25
2.5
3.2
3.9
t
0
0
0
20
20
55
55
55
3.7
37
4.5
6.4
4.5
6.4
3.7
45
4.5
6.4
14
15
15
15
15
14
15
15
20-year
storm
20
t
100-year storm - unrealistic offshore wave direction
570-year storm - unrealistic offshore wave direction
100-year storm
570-year storm
20-year storm
100-year storm
570-year storm
MSR Physical Model Results (TSR)

WP5
Test Name
100-year
100-year
100 ear
100-year
R_20F_1
R_20G_1
R_20H_1
R_20F_2
R_20G_2
R_20H_2
R 20H 2
R_20F_3
R_20G_3
R_20H_3
WL
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.5
0.5
05
1.0
1.0
1.0
Target Tp
8
8
15
8
8
15
8
8
15
Target Incident Hs Wave Direction

2.5
20
3
20
4.8
20
2.5
20
3
20
4.8
20
48
2.5
20
3
20
4.8
20
Hs
Depth (m)
-10.6
-10.6
-10.6
-10.6
-10.6
-10.6
10 6
-10.6
-10.6
-10.6
2.42
3.08
5.37
2.60
3.05
5.50
5 50
2.57
3.01
5.29
Total Depth
-10.6
-10.6
-10.6
-11.1
-11.1
-11.1
11 1
-11.6
-11.6
-11.6
5.5
WP6
Stone M50
Hs/Dtotal
(t)
0.23
1.8
0.29
3.7
0.51
19.6
0.23
2.2
0.28
3.6
0.50
21.1
0 50
21 1
0.22
2.1
0.26
3.5
0.46
18.7
MAX:
21.1
Hs
2.22
2.85
3.22
2.51
2.95
3.25
3 25
2.52
2.89
3.26
3.3
Depth (m)
-7.8
-7.8
-7.8
-7.8
-7.8
-7.8
78
-7.8
-7.8
-7.8
WP12
Stone M50
Total Depth Hs/Dtotal
(t)
-7.8
0.28
1.4
-7.8
0.37
2.9
-7.8
0.41
4.2
-8.3
0.30
2.0
-8.3
0.36
3.2
-8.3
0.39
4.3
83
0 39
43
-8.8
0.29
2.0
-8.8
0.33
3.1
-8.8
0.37
4.4
MAX:
4.4
Hs
2.38
2.92
2.83
2.60
3.01
3.01
3 01
2.65
3.04
3.17
3.2
Depth (m)
-6.9
-6.9
-6.9
-6.9
-6.9
-6.9
69
-6.9
-6.9
-6.9
Stone M50
Total Depth Hs/Dtotal
(t)
-6.9
0.35
1.7
-6.9
0.42
3.2
-6.9
0.41
2.9
-7.4
0.35
2.2
-7.4
0.41
3.5
-7.4
0.41
3.4
74
0 41
34
-7.9
0.33
2.3
-7.9
0.38
3.5
-7.9
0.40
4.0
MAX:
4.0
-Peak wave heights occur at highest SWL tested (+1.0m) for 100-year storm;
-An increase in wave height/depth ratio is noted at depths from ~-5m shoreward. This is similar to past Baird experience where breaking wave energy is released, causing turbulent conditions and 'jetting' at and just beloe the water line;
-No wave height reductions based upon wave obliquness have been applied. Therefore, calculated Hudson results are likely somewhat conservative;
-Directly comparing wave height values from the numerical model extraction and those from the physical model, it is found that the physical model results are considerably lower. This may be due to escaped energy in the physical model, beyond the influence of the wave guides;
-Therefore, us more critical (conservative) wave height values derived from numerical modelling runs, 0 and 20 degree incident wave directions, 100 and 570-year return storms.
y
Model Setup
p - TSR (tests
(
conducted December 19th,, 2012):
)
Physical
Equivalent Wave Heights, using
Gallant (1994)
100-year, 0 deg.
570-year, 0 deg.
100-year, 20 deg.
570-year, 20 deg.
100-year, 0 deg.
570-year, 0 deg.
100-year, 20 deg.
570-year,
570
year, 20 deg.
Total
Governin
Water
g Hs (m)
Depth (m)
-6.5
4.0
-6.5
4.1
-6.5
4.0
-6.5
4.1
-8.5
4.5
-8.5
5.0
-8.5
4.5
-8.5
8.5
4.9
Revetment Primary Armour Sizing
ACCROPODE
TM
Hs (m)
Stone Hs (m)
Stone M50 (t)
1.36
1.40
1.36
1.39
1.53
1.71
1.55
1.68
3.04
3.13
3.04
3.11
3.42
3.81
3.46
3.75
3.5
3.9
3.6
3.8
5.0
7.0
5.3
6.7
ACCROPODE
Mass (t)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
TM
ACCROPODE TM
Volume (CM)
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.08
0.11
0.09
0.11
WP19
Hs
2.61
2.66
2.96
2.79
2.97
3.16
3 16
2.91
3.13
3.38
3.4
Stone M50
Depth (m) Total Depth Hs/Dtotal
(t)
-4.3
-4.3
0.61
2.2
-4.3
-4.3
0.62
2.4
-4.3
-4.3
0.69
3.3
-4.3
-4.8
0.58
2.8
-4.3
-4.8
0.62
3.3
-4.3
-4.8
0.66
4.0
43
48
0 66
40
-4.3
-5.3
0.55
3.1
-4.3
-5.3
0.59
3.9
-4.3
-5.3
0.64
4.9
MAX:
4.9
WP20
Hs
1.09
1.07
1.49
1.44
1.44
1.78
1 78
1.74
1.70
1.97
2.0
Depth (m) Total Depth Hs/Dtotal

-1.9
-1.9
0.57
-1.9
-1.9
0.56
-1.9
-1.9
0.79
-1.9
-2.4
0.60
-1.9
-2.4
0.60
-1.9
-2.4
0.74
19
24
0 74
-1.9
-2.9
0.60
-1.9
-2.9
0.59
-1.9
-2.9
0.68
MAX:
Stone M50
(t)
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.7
07
0.7
0.6
1.0
1.0
t
ArmorUnitandFilterScalingAnalysis
January31st,2013
Model Scale
Density of model units
Density of prototype units
Density of model fluid
Density of prototype fluid
Using Linear Interpolation

from 2012 Table - Indicative
O l !
Only!
43
2325
2300
1000
1025
kg/m3
Unit Density correction (C) =
0.8363854
kg/m3
Scale factor=
0.0950602 (toconvertgramstotonnes)
kg/m3
kg/m3
UnitMass(g)
161.6
165.0
222.5
Mass(t)
15.4
15.7
21.2
Size(CM)
6.7
6.8
9.2
NLL(t)
1.08
1.10
1.48
Using rho stone=2650kg/CM for

model and prototype, as well as
rho seawater=1025kg/CM
Check to see that

NUL/NLL is between a
value of 2 and 3, as per
CLI requirements
For Kt=0.9
FilterMaterialCalculated
Kt
NUL(t)
Avg.thickness(m)
2.15
0.95
1.61
2.20
0.95
1.62
2.96
0.95
1.79
FilterMaterialFromCLI
NLL(t)
NUL(t) Avg.thickness(m)
1.13
1.14
1.54
2.26
2.29
3.09
1.55
1.56
1.73
ScaledfromPhysicalModel
10%LighterThan(t) 50%LighterThan(t) 90%LighterThan(t) Avg.thickness(m)
1.20
1.20
1.20
2.04
2.04
2.04
January25thSpecs:
3.00
3.00
3.00
1.76
1.76
1.76
Check
OK
OK
OK
As specified (and tested) by

Baird in cross-sections
supplied to NRC-OCRE
(remainsunchangedforfinalsubmittal)
CalculatedThickness,usingasSpec'd:
Density of prototype stone
MedianWeightofFilterStone
NominalDiameterofStone
Kt
ResultingThicknessof2Layers
2650 kg/m3
2000 kg
0.91 m
0.95 nounits
1.73 m
This value is currently not

known (stone source and
type not known), but CIRIA
suggest it should be ~0.87
to 0.96 - use 0.95 to remain
conservative
Appendix B / Apndice B
Quantity Calculations / Clculo de Cantidades
Appendix
Baird and Associates
Project # 11830.101 APMT - Costa Rica
Section
199
200
200
201
201
201
202
203
203
204
208
208
209
209
209
210
210
216
216
217
217
218
219
219
221
0
0
0
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
251
0
0
0
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
95
00
85
00
65
80
85
00
80
00
46
46
46
46
76
76
76
63
63
63
63
10
10
10
26
00
00
00
00
27
40
48
48
63
63
90
90
00
00
00
00
14-Feb-2013
Areas (Square Metres)
Average Areas (Square Metres)
Length (Metres)
Volumes (Cubic Meters)
Average Length (Metres)
Area (Square Metres)
Distance
(Metres)
Class C
Class B1
Class B2
Class B3
Class A1
Class A2
Class D
Geotextile
6.8 Accro
9.2 Accro
Class C
Class B1
Class B2
Class B3
Class A1
Class A2
Class D
Geotextile
6.8 Accro
9.2 Accro
Class C
Class B1
Class B2
Class A1
Class A2
Class D
Geotextile
5.00
85.00
15.00
65.00
15.00
105.00
15.00
80.00
20.00
446.00
0.00
100.00
0.00
30.00
100.00
0.00
587.00
0.00
100.00
0.00
47.00
100.00
0.00
216.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
27.00
13.00
8.00
0.00
15.00
0.00
27.00
0.00
10.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
54.70
54.70
81.50
81.50
111.30
111.30
164.80
164.80
313.60
313.60
471.80
471.80
471.80
471.80
476.40
476.40
477.60
477.60
477.60
477.60
424.60
424.60
185.60
185.60
209.10
209.10
209.10
209.10
453.00
453.00
412.00
412.00
-
68.70
68.70
79.40
79.40
79.40
79.40
79.00
79.00
79.20
79.20
79.20
79.20
76.40
76.40
51.20
51.20
51.20
51.20
106.70
106.70
101.70
101.70
-
33.80
33.80
34.60
34.60
29.30
29.30
-
0.00
5.60
5.60
11.40
11.40
-
57.70
57.70
71.40
71.40
13.70
13.40
14.20
14.20
14.20
14.20
13.70
13.70
14.20
14.20
14.20
14.20
13.70
13.70
87.30
87.30
13.70
13.70
13.70
13.70
27.40
27.40
28.40
28.40
-
0.00
13.20
13.20
15.50
15.50
-
0.00
5.30
5.30
10.70
10.70
18.70
18.70
18.70
18.70
24.50
24.50
31.80
31.80
31.80
31.80
24.50
24.50
31.80
31.80
31.80
31.80
30.80
30.80
18.70
18.70
24.40
24.40
24.40
24.40
49.00
49.00
63.60
63.60
-
0.00
8.00
8.00
9.00
9.00
15.50
15.50
17.00
17.00
23.50
23.50
28.50
28.50
28.50
28.50
27.50
27.50
28.50
28.50
28.50
28.50
26.00
26.00
-
36.80
36.80
43.40
43.40
41.60
41.60
35.50
35.50
35.50
35.50
73.50
73.50
-
42.70
42.70
0.00
42.70
42.70
43.40
43.40
0.00
43.40
43.40
71.50
71.50
-
27.35
54.70
68.10
81.50
96.40
111.30
138.05
164.80
239.20
313.60
392.70
471.80
471.80
471.80
474.10
476.40
477.00
477.60
477.60
477.60
451.10
424.60
185.60
185.60
197.35
209.10
209.10
209.10
331.05
453.00
432.50
412.00
-
68.70
68.70
74.05
79.40
79.40
79.40
79.20
79.00
79.10
79.20
79.20
79.20
77.80
76.40
51.20
51.20
51.20
51.20
78.95
106.70
104.20
101.70
-
33.80
33.80
34.20
34.60
29.30
29.30
-
2.80
5.60
8.50
11.40
-
57.70
57.70
64.55
71.40
42.55
13.55
13.80
14.20
14.20
14.20
13.95
13.70
13.95
14.20
14.20
14.20
13.95
13.70
87.30
87.30
50.50
13.70
13.70
13.70
20.55
27.40
27.90
28.40
-
6.60
13.20
14.35
15.50
-
2.65
5.30
8.00
10.70
14.70
18.70
18.70
18.70
21.60
24.50
28.15
31.80
31.80
31.80
28.15
24.50
28.15
31.80
31.80
31.80
31.30
30.80
18.70
18.70
21.55
24.40
24.40
24.40
36.70
49.00
56.30
63.60
-
4.00
8.00
8.50
9.00
12.25
15.50
16.25
17.00
20.25
23.50
26.00
28.50
28.50
28.50
28.00
27.50
28.00
28.50
28.50
28.50
27.25
26.00
-
36.80
36.80
43.40
43.40
41.60
41.60
35.50
35.50
35.50
35.50
54.50
73.50
-
42.70
42.70
21.35
21.35
42.70
43.40
43.40
21.70
21.70
43.40
71.50
71.50
-
136.75
4,649.50
1,021.50
5,297.50
1,446.00
11,686.50
2,070.75
13,184.00
4,784.00
139,865.60
0.00
47,180.00
14,154.00
47,180.00
0.00
279,646.80
0.00
47,760.00
22,447.20
47,760.00
0.00
91,713.60
0.00
5,011.20
2,565.55
1,672.80
0.00
3,136.50
0.00
12,231.00
0.00
4,120.00
-
1,374.00
30,640.20
0.00
7,940.00
2,382.00
7,940.00
0.00
46,373.00
0.00
7,920.00
3,722.40
7,920.00
0.00
16,502.40
665.60
409.60
0.00
768.00
0.00
2,880.90
0.00
1,017.00
-
33.00
1,122.00
215.25
1,007.50
-
13.25
450.50
120.00
695.50
220.50
1,963.50
280.50
1,496.00
432.00
10,927.00
0.00
3,180.00
954.00
3,180.00
0.00
14,381.50
0.00
3,180.00
1,494.60
3,180.00
0.00
6,652.80
0.00
504.90
280.15
195.20
0.00
366.00
0.00
1,323.00
0.00
636.00
-
20.00
680.00
127.50
585.00
183.75
1,627.50
243.75
1,360.00
405.00
10,481.00
0.00
2,850.00
855.00
2,850.00
0.00
16,142.50
0.00
2,850.00
1,339.50
2,850.00
0.00
5,616.00
-
Class C
810,721
84,142
894,862
Class B1
138,455
16,312
154,767
14.00
476.00
127.50
741.00
507.00
865.50
3,549.00
6,058.50
513.00
968.25
2,768.00
5,712.00
851.00
6,043.30
0.00
1,420.00
426.00
1,420.00
0.00
8,041.90
0.00
1,420.00
667.40
1,420.00
0.00
2,959.20
0.00
0.00
791.10
2,357.10
656.50
109.60
0.00
205.50
0.00
739.80
0.00
284.00
Volumes (Cubic Meters)
Class B2
Class B3
Class A1
8,128
1,359
42,626
4,243
8,128
1,359
46,868
Notes
Area
Concrete wall
Gravel
Excavation
1978
1978
0.53
2.5
Volume
1048.34
4945
90
30
2700
3d Accropode Surface Areas

6.8
3d Area
West
16,264
North
24,414
13,557
East
2
Total m
54,235
ACCROPODES/m2
0.1780
ACCROPODE COUNT
9654
CONCRETE VOLUME
65647.2
9.2
Northwest
Northeast
Head
TOTAL THIS SHEET

TOTAL CURVE SHEET
TOTAL
3d Area
10,802
12,734
3,414
26,950
0.1446
3897
35852.4
Class B3
Class A2
2,378
2,378
Class D
56,107
9,826
65,933
6.8 Accro
9.2 Accro
736.00
16,412.80
0.00
4,270.00
0.00
640.50
4,270.00
0.00
25,475.80
0.00
4,340.00
0.00
1,019.90
4,340.00
0.00
8,985.60
461.50
284.00
0.00
532.50
0.00
1,984.50
0.00
715.00
Area (Square Metres)
Geotextile
6.8 Accro
9.2 Accro
51,067
54,873
19,595
936
2,905
6,434
52,002
57,777
26,029
Class D Stone includes 22,500 cubic metres to account for initial settlement
Class C Stone includes 58,000 cubic metres to account for initial settlement
Page 1 of 1
P:\11830.101 APMT - Costa Rica\H - CADD\Working Drawings\_100 Percent Final\[2013-02-15 Quantities bjr qa.xls]Quantities
Appendix
Baird and Associates
Project # 11830 AMPT - Costa Rica
Section
209
209
0
0
0
217
218
0
0
0
221
221
222
0
0
0
251
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
48
77
00
00
00
67
14
00
00
00
26
65
04
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
209
209
0
0
0
217
218
0
0
0
221
221
222
0
0
0
251
251
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
48
77
00
00
00
67
14
00
00
00
26
65
04
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Stone Areas
Average Areas
Lengths
Average Lengths
Central
Angle
Class C
Class B1
Class A1
Class D
6.8 Accro
9.2 Accro
Geotextile
Class C
Class B1
Class A1
Class D
6.8 Accro
9.2 Accro
56.76444
56.76444
0
90
0
45
45
180
-
471.80
471.80
477.60
477.60
412.10
605.40
412.10
193.50
-
79.40
79.40
79.20
79.20
75.00
106.10
75.00
50.80
-
14.20
14.20
14.20
14.20
13.70
13.70
13.70
14.20
-
31.80
31.80
31.80
31.80
24.50
24.50
24.50
19.10
-
41.10
53.20
41.10
-
42.70
42.70
43.40
43.40
35.80
-
28.50
28.50
28.50
28.50
-
471.80
477.60
477.60
412.10
508.75
508.75
193.50
-
79.40
79.20
79.20
75.00
90.55
90.55
50.80
-
14.20
14.20
14.20
13.70
13.70
13.70
14.20
-
31.80
31.80
31.80
24.50
24.50
24.50
19.10
-
41.10
47.15
47.15
-
42.70
43.40
43.40
35.80
-
RADIUS =
Section
14-Feb-2013
Stone Volumes
Geotextile
Areas
Class C
Class B1
Class A1
Class D
6.8 Accro
9.2 Accro
Geotextile
TOTAL
12,910.27
0.00
20,608.33
0.00
22,300.08
22,300.08
5,142.82
Class C
83,262
2,799.64
0.00
4,428.89
0.00
3,513.22
3,513.22
2,057.15
Class B1
16,312
894.18
0.00
1,417.73
0.00
204.55
204.55
1,521.67
Class A1
4,243
2,084.69
0.00
3,305.28
0.00
309.99
309.99
2,203.36
Class D
8,213
0.00
1,452.38
1,452.38
6.8 Accro
2,905
1,792.00
0.00
2,867.34
1,774.76
9.2 Accro
6,434
368.76
0.00
567.21
Geotextile
936
28.50
28.50
28.50
-
30.00
Distance from Centroid to Centerline
Average Distance from Centroid to Centerline
Arc Length
Central
Angle
Class C
Class B1
Class A1
Class D
6.8 Accro
9.2 Accro
Geotextile
Class C
Class B1
Class A1
Class D
6.8 Accro
9.2 Accro
Geotextile
Class C
Class B1
Class A1
Class D
6.8 Accro
9.2 Accro
Geotextile
56.76444
56.76444
0
90
0
45
45
180
-
-2.38
-2.38
-2.53
-2.53
22.51
29.11
22.51
-21.54
-
5.59
5.59
5.60
5.60
15.29
23.51
15.29
-17.11
-
33.56
33.56
33.56
33.56
-10.99
-10.99
-10.99
4.11
-
36.17
36.17
36.17
36.17
-13.89
-13.89
-13.89
6.72
-
9.26
9.18
9.26
-
12.36
12.36
12.06
12.06
-14.22
-
-16.94
-16.94
-17.33
-17.33
-
-2.38
-2.53
-2.53
22.51
25.81
25.81
-21.54
-
5.59
5.60
5.60
15.29
19.40
19.40
-17.11
-
33.56
33.56
33.56
-10.99
-10.99
-10.99
4.11
-
36.17
36.17
36.17
-13.89
-13.89
-13.89
6.72
-
9.26
9.22
9.22
-
12.36
12.06
12.06
-14.22
-
-16.94
-17.33
-17.33
-
27.36
0.00
43.15
0.00
43.83
43.83
26.58
-
35.26
0.00
55.92
0.00
38.80
38.80
40.50
-
62.97
0.00
99.84
0.00
14.93
14.93
107.16
-
65.56
0.00
103.94
0.00
12.65
12.65
115.36
-
0.00
30.80
30.80
-
41.97
0.00
66.07
49.57
-
12.94
0.00
19.90
-
Notes
Page 1 of 1
P:\11830.101 APMT - Costa Rica\H - CADD\Working Drawings\_100 Percent Final\[2013-02-13 Quantities BJR NOT QA.xls]Quantities
Appendix C / Apndice C
Physical Modeling Summaries / Resumenes de la
Modelacin F sica
Physical Model Wave

Agitation and Moored Ship
Response
Modelo F sico Agitacin de

Olas y Respuesta del Barco
Atracado
Forinvestigationsrelatedtomooredshipresponse
(MSR),aphysicalmodelofPhase2Awasutilizedto
measurethewaveinducedmotions,mooringlineloads
andfenderreactionsforaPanamaxvesselmooredat
Berth3(theeasternberth),includingtestswithvarious
stubbreakwaterlengths.Alimitednumberofsensitivity
testswerealsodonewiththevesselmooredatBerth1
(westernberth).Themodelingwascarriedoutatthe
NationalResearchCouncilOcean,Coastal,andRivers
EngineeringlaboratoryinOttawa,Canada.Asummaryis
providedbelow,whileReference15inthemainbodyof
thereportprovidesadditionaldetails.
Paralasinvestigacionesrelacionadasconlarespuestadel
barcoamarrado(MSR,porsussiglaseningls),seutilizun
modelofsicodelaFase2Aparamedirlosmovimientos
inducidosdelaola,lasreaccionesalascargasdelas
amarrasyreaccionesdelasdefensaparaunbarco
PanamaxamarradoenelpuestodeAtraque3(puestode
atraqueeste),incluyendopruebascondiferentes
longitudesdelespolndelrompeolas.Serealizaron
tambinunnmerolimitadodepruebasdesensibilidad
conelbarcoamarradoenelPuestodeAtraque1(puesto
deatraqueoeste).Lamodelacinsellevacaboenel
NationalResearchCouncilOcean,Coastal,andRivers
EngineeringlaboratoryenOttawa,Canad.Acontinuacin
sepresentaunresumen,mientrasquelaReferencia15en
elcuerpoprincipaldelinformeproporcionandetalles
adicionales.
Asummaryofkeyfeaturesofthephysicalmodelis
providedbelow:
Unresumendelascaractersticasimportantesdelmodelo
fsicosepresentanacontinuacin:
1. LargeAreaBasin(47mlongby30mwideby0.80m
deep);
1. TanquedeModelacinHidrulica(47mdelargopor30
mconunaprofundidadde0,80m);
2. Threedimensional(3D)testing;
2. Pruebatridimensional(3D);
3. Geometricscaleof1:82.5;
3 Escalageomtricade1:82.5;
4. Measurementsandobservationswaveconditions,
vesselmotionsinsixdegreesoffreedom,
breakwater/waveinteraction,andmooringline
loadsandfenderreactions;
4. Medicionesyobservacionescondicionesdeoleaje,
movimientosdelbarcoen6gradosdelibertad,
rompeolas/interaccindelasolas,ycargasdelas
lneasdeamarreyreaccionesdelasdefensas;
5. VesselTypeRepresentativePanamaxcontainer
ship(lengthoverall=233.7m,breadth=32.1m,
draft(actual)=11.5m);
5. TipodeBarcoBarcorepresentativoPanamax
portacontenedores(longitudtotal=233,7m,
envergadura=32,1m,calado[actual]=11,5m);
6. StubBreakwaterLengths0,100,150,200,and
250m;
6. LongitudesdelEspolndelRompeolas0,100,150,
200and250m;
7. MooringLinesmooringlayoutwith14mooring
lines,polyester(MBL=1,300kN)orpolypropylene
(MBL=741kN);and
7. LneasdeAmarretrazadodeamarrecon14lneasde
amarre,polister(MBL=1.300kN)opolipropileno
(MBL=741kN);y
8. FenderscellfendersMCS1450G2witharated
reactionforceof1,193kN.
8. DefensasceldasdeladefensaMCS1450G2conuna
fuerzadereaccinnominalde1.193kN.
Thelaboratorypreparationworkcomprisedofmodel
designandconstruction,modelvesselballasting,
instrumentsetupandcalibration,thetestingprogram
anddataanalysesandreporting.Aninitialtestseries
wasundertakenforexistingconditions,including
simulationoftheexistingbathymetryandport
Eltrabajodepreparacindellaboratoriocomprendiel
diseoylaconstruccindelmodelo,lastradodelbarco
modelo,configuracinycalibracindeinstrumentos,el
programadepruebasyanlisisdedatosypresentacinde
informes.Unaseriedepruebasinicialessellevacabo
paralascondicionesexistentes,incluyendosimulacindela
1
PHYSICAL MODEL WAVE AGITATION AND MOORED SHIP RESPONSE / MODELO FSICO DE AGITACIN DE OLAS Y RESPUESTA DEL BARCO ATRACADO
structurestocalibratetheincidentwavesandto
measurethewaveconditionswithintheexistingPortof
Mon.Followingthesetests,thePhase2Astructures
wereconstructedandthemooredshipresponsetests
werecompleted.Figure1providesalayoutofthePhase
2Aterminalsimulatedinthephysicalmodel.
batimetraexistenteyestructurasportuariasparacalibrar
lasolasincidentesyparamedirlascondicionesdeloleaje
dentrodelactualPuertodeMon.Despusdeestas
pruebas,seconstruyeronlasestructurasdelaFase2Aylas
secompletaronpruebasderespuestadelbarcoamarrado.
LaFigura1proporcionaundiseodeFase2Adelaterminal
simuladoenelmodelofsico.
FIGURE1
Phase2ADevelopmentStagefortheMonContainer
Terminal
FIGURA1
DesarrollodelaEtapaFase2AparalaTerminaldeContenedores
deMon
Thephysicalmodeltestswerecompletedwith
variousstubbreakwaterlengths(0,100,150,200
and250m).Mosttestserieswererepeatedwithand
withouttheeffectofwind.Windwassimulatedasa
constantforce,coincidingwithawindspeedof8.5
m/s(1%exceedance)pushingtheshipawayfrom
theberth(i.e.offthefenders).Mosttestswere
completedusingpolyestermooringlines
(breakwaterlengthsof0,100,150,and200m).Two
additionaltestserieswerecompletedusingsofter
polypropylenelines(breakwaterlengthsof150and
250m).
Laspruebasconmodelosfsicossecompletaroncondiferentes
longitudesdeespolndelrompeolas(0,100,150,200y250
m).Lamayoradelasseriesdepruebasserepitieronconysin
elefectodelviento.Elvientofuesimuladocomounafuerza
constante,coincidiendoconunavelocidaddelvientode8,5
m/s(1%excedencia)empujandoelbarcolejosdelpuestode
atraque(esdecir,fueradelasdefensas).Lamayoradelas
pruebassecompletaronutilizandolneasdeamarrede
polister(paralongitudesderompeolasde0,100,150y200
m).Dosseriesdepruebasadicionalessecompletaroncon
lneasmssuavesdepolipropileno(paralongitudesde
rompeolasde150y250m).
Themajorityoftestswerecompletedwiththevessel
mooredatBerth3.Figure2providesalayoutofthe
mooringforthevessellocatedatBerth3.In
addition,sensitivityandvalidationtestswere
completedinthephysicalmodelwiththevessel
mooredatBerth1.Ingeneral,thevesselmotionsat
Berth3werelargerthanatBerth1.Estimates
Lamayoradelaspruebassecompletaronconelbarco
amarradoenelPuestodeAtraque3.LaFigura2proporciona
unesquemadeunamarreparaelbarcoubicadoenelPuesto
deAtraque3.Adicionalmente,laspruebasdesensibilidady
validacinsecompletaronenelmodelofsicoconelbarco
amarradoenelPuestodeAtraque1.Engeneral,los
movimientosdelbarcoenelPuestodeAtraque3eran
relatingtoreductioninloadingefficiencypresented
inthisreportarebasedontheresultsfromBerth3.
mayoresqueenelPuestodeAtraque1.Lasestimaciones
relativasalareduccinenlaeficienciadecargasepresentaen
esteinformesebasanenlosresultadosdelPuestodeAtraque
3.
FIGURE2
MooringArrangementforPanamaxContainerShip
Themostcommonwavedirectionusedinthephysical
modeltestscorrespondedtoa55degree(TN)angleof
incidenceatthe16mcontour,erringonthe
conservativesideofthemostcommonwavedirection
atthesite.Physicalmodeltestswerealsoconducted
withwavedirectionsof40degreesand20degreesto
confirmthat55degreeswastheappropriatechoice
forprovidingthemostcriticalmooredshipresponse
results.Apredeterminedrangeofwaveheightswere
testedatfourdifferentpeakperiods(Tp=6.5,8.0,10.0
and12.5s),thusprovidinggoodcoverageofthe
prevalentwaveconditionsandallowingfor
interpolationofthemodelresultsbetweenwave
heightsateachperiod.Testswithlargerwaveheights
wereonlyundertakenforpeakperiodsof8.0sand
10.0s,whicharethemostcommonpeakperiods
duringstormevents.Specialattentionwaspaidtothe
measurementoflongwavesatthedirectionalwave
gaugeatthe12mcontour.Thisgaugewaslocated
nearthenortheasterncornerofthecontainer
terminal.
Initialtestswereundertakenunderexistingconditions
tomeasurethewaveconditionsatthesitewithoutthe
influenceoftheproposedterminalstructures,thereby
allowingcomparisontoavailablefieldmeasurements
fromthesite(ADCPin12mdepth).Drawingonprior
experienceandsomesitespecificdata,arelationship
wasdevelopedbetweenthelongwaveheight(with
periodsgreaterthan30s)andtheproductoftheshort
waveheightandpeakperiod.Therelationshipderived
fromthemodeldatashowedgoodagreementwiththe
relationshipderivedfromtheADCPmeasurementsat
FIGURA2
CombinacionesdeAmarre paraunBarcoPortacontenedores
Panamax
Ladireccindelasolasmscomnutilizadoenlaspruebas
delmodelofsicocorrespondeaunngulodeincidenciade
55grados(TN)enlacurvadenivelde16m,incurriendoen
elerrordeestarenelladoconservadordeladireccindelas
olasmscomnenelsitio.Laspruebasdelmodelofsico
llevaronacabotambinconlasdireccionesdeolasde40
gradosy20gradosparaconfirmarqueladireccinde55
gradoseralaopcinadecuadaparaproporcionarlos
resultadosmscrticosdelarespuestadelbarcoamarrado.
Seprobunrangopredeterminadodealturadelasolasen
cuatroperodospicodiferentes(Tp=6,5,8,0,10,0y12,5s),
loqueproporcionaunabuenacoberturadelascondiciones
delasolaspredominantesypermitiendoparala
interpolacindelosresultadosdelmodeloentrealturasde
olaencadaperodo.Laspruebasconalturadelasolas
mayoressellevaronacabosloparaperodospicode8,0sy
10,0s,quesonlosperodospicomscomunesdurantelos
eventosdetormenta.Seprestespecialatencinala
medicindelasolaslargasenelmedidordeoleaje
direccionalenlacurvadenivelde12m.Estemedidorse
ubicabacercadelaesquinanorestedelaterminalde
contenedores.
Laspruebasinicialessellevaronacabobajolascondiciones
existentesparamedirlascondicionesdeoleajeenelsitiosin
lainfluenciadelasestructuraspropuestasdelaterminal,lo
quepermitelacomparacindelasmedicionesdecampo
disponiblesdelsitio(ADCPa12mdeprofundidad).
Basndoseenlaexperienciapreviayalgunosdatos
especficosdelsitio,sedesarrollunarelacinentrelaaltura
delaolalarga(conperodosmayoresde30s)yelproducto
delaalturadeolacortayelperododepico.Larelacin
derivadadelosdatosdelmodelomostrestardeacuerdo
3
thesite.
conlarelacinderivadadelasmedicionesADCPenelsitio.
Keyconclusionsandrecommendationsdrawnfrom
physicalmodeltestsofmooredshipresponseinclude
thefollowing:
Lasprincipalesconclusionesyrecomendacionesderivadas
delaspruebasconelmodelofsicodelarespuestadelbarco
atracadoseincluyenacontinuacin:
BerthExposureBerth3islocatedattheeastern
endofthePhase2AAPMterminal.Thislocation
hasthegreatestexposuretoincomingwaves,and
thereforeexperienceshigherwaveagitationthan
Berths1and2.Assuch,mooredshipresponseand
downtimewillbegreatestatBerth3.
ExposicindelPuestodeAtraqueElpuestodeAtraque
3seencuentraenelextremoestedelaFase2Adela
terminaldeAPM.Estaubicacintienelamayor
exposicinalasolasentrantes,yporlotanto,
experimentaunamayoragitacindeolasquelos
Puestosdeatraque1y2.Comotal,larespuestadel
barcoamarradoyeltiempodeinactividadsern
mayoresenelPuestodeAtraque3.
StubBreakwaterLengthastubbreakwater
lengthof100to150mresultsinasignificant
reductioninwaveagitationandvesselmovement
atBerth3(comparedwiththescenariowhereno
breakwaterispresent).Stubbreakwaterlengths
longerthan150mprovideonlyincremental
improvement.
LongituddelEspolndelRompeolasUnalongituddel
espolndelrompeolasde100a150mdacomo
resultadounareduccinsignificativaenlaagitacinde
lasolasyelmovimientodelbarcoenelPuestode
Atraque3(comparadoconelescenarioenelquenohay
rompeolas).Laslongitudesdelespolndelrompeolas
mayoresa150mproporcionansolamentemejora
incremental.
MooringLineTypecomparedtopolyester
mooringlines,theuseofpolypropylenelines
resultsinincreasedmooredvesselmotions,lower
linetensionandincreasedfenderforces.The
limitingwaveconditionsarelargerforpolyester
lines.
TipodeLneadeAmarreencomparacinconlaslneas
deamarredepolister,elusodelneasdepolipropileno
dancomoresultadoelaumentodelosmovimientosdel
barcoamarrado,menortensindelneaymayores
fuerzasdelasdefensas.Lasrestriccionesdelas
condicionesdeoleajesonmayoresparalaslneasde
polister.
Physical Model Breakwater

Hydraulic Stability
Modelo F sico Estabilidad

Hidrulica del Rompeolas
Forinvestigationsrelatedtothehydraulicstabilityofthe
breakwater,aseriesofphysicalmodelswere
undertakenattheNationalResearchCouncilOcean,
Coastal,andRiversEngineeringlaboratoryinOttawa,
Canada.Asummaryisprovidedbelow,whileReference
14inthemainbodyofthereportprovidesadditional
details.
Paralasinvestigacionesrelacionadasconlaestabilidad
hidrulicadelrompeolas,sellevaronacabounaseriede
modelosfsicosenelNationalResearchCouncilOcean,
Coastal,andRiversEngineeringlaboratoryenOttawa,
Canad.Unresumensepresentaabajo,mientrasquela
Referencia14enelcuerpoprincipaldelreporteproporciona
detallesadicionales.
Asummaryofkeyfeaturesofthephysicalmodelis
providedbelow:
Unresumendelascaractersticasimportantesdelmodelo
fsicosepresentaacontinuacin:
1. CoastalWaveBasin(63mlongby14mwideby1.5
mdeep);
1. TanquedeOlasCosteras(63mdelargopor14mde
anchoconunaprofundidad1,5m);
2. Geometricscaleof1:43;
2. Escalageomtricade1:43;
3. Twoandthreedimensional(2Dand3D)testing;
3. Pruebasbidimensionalesytridimensionales(2Dy3D);
4. Measurementsandobservationswaveconditions,
structurestability,waveovertopping;
4. Medicionesyobservacionescondicionesdeoleaje,
estabilidaddelaestructura,olasquesobrepasan
(overtopping).
5. ACCROPODETMconcretearmorunits(prototypesizes 5. UnidadesdearmaduraACCROPODETM(tamaodel
of6.8m3fortrunkand9.2m3forhead);
prototipode6,8m3paraeltroncoy9,2m3parala
punta);
6. Testscompletedforarangeinoperationaland
extremewaveconditions,includingwaveconditions
uptoandabovethe570yearreturnperioddesign
event(Hs=6.2m),withwaterlevelsof0to+1m
MLD(MonLocalDatum).
6. Laspruebassecompletaronparaunrangode
condicionesdeolasdeoperacinyextremas,incluyendo
condicionesdeoleajedeperiodosderetornodehastay
msde570aos(Hs=6,2m)paraeleventodediseo,
connivelesdelmarde0a+1mMLD(DatumLocalde
Mon).
Thelaboratoryworkcomprisedofmodeldesignand
construction,instrumentsetupandcalibration,the
testingprogramanddataanalysesandreporting.The
modelbathymetryconsistedofaconcreteskinwithan
approachslopeof1:300,withamaximumwaterdepth
of28matthemodelwavegenerator,andawaterdepth
of10to12matthelocationofthemodelbreakwater
structures.
Estetrabajodelaboratoriocomprendieldiseoyla
construccindelmodelo,configuracinycalibracindelos
instrumentos,elprogramadepruebasyanlisisdedatosy
presentacindeinformes.Labatimetradelmodeloconsisti
deunacapadeconcretoconunapendientedeaproximacin
de1:300,conunaprofundidaddeaguamximade28men
elgeneradordeolasdelmodeloyunaprofundidadde10a
12menlaubicacindelasestructurasdelmodelode
rompeolas.
InitialcrosssectionsweredevelopedusingHudsons
equation,CLIdesignguidance,andBairdsdesign
experience.Theseweresubsequentlyusedintheinitial
modeltests,TestSeries1(TS1).ResultsfromTS1were
usedtoplansubsequenttestseries,whichexamined
variousmodificationstothecrosssectionsthatwere
neededtoaddressspecificconcerns.AsummaryofTS1
throughTS5isprovidedinTable1.
Loscortestransversalesinicialesfuerondesarrollados
usandolaecuacindeHudson,guasdediseodeCLI,yla
experienciaendiseodeBaird.Posteriormentestosfueron
utilizadosenlaspruebasinicialesdelmodelo,Seriede
Pruebas1(TS1).LosresultadosdelaTS1fueronutilizados
paraplanearlasseriesdepruebasposteriores,que
examinaronvariasmodificacionesalcortetransversalquese
necesitaronparaabordaralaspreocupacionesespecficas.
UnresumendelaTS1alTS5semuestraenelCuadro1.
1
PHYSICAL MODEL BREAKWATER HYDRAULIC STABILITY / MODELO FSICO ESTABILIDAD HIDRULICA DEL ROMPEOLAS
Keyconclusionsandrecommendationsdrawnfromthe
physicalmodelinvestigationinclude:
Lasconclusionesimportantesylasrecomendaciones
extradasdelainvestigacindelmodelofsicoincluyen:
ExposedUnderlayerStabilitytheproposed
underlayer,astestedinthephysicalmodel,hasa
gradationof1.3to3.0tonnes.Duringconstruction
ofthebreakwater,theunderlayermaybeexposed
towaveactionpriortoplacementofthearmor
units.Forstormswithwaveconditionsinexcessof
Hs=2.1m,significantdisplacementofthe
underlayermayoccur.Contractorsbiddingforthe
constructionofthebreakwatershouldbemade
awareofthisissue.
EstabilidaddelaCapaInferiorExpuestalacapainferior
propuesta,comoseprobenelmodelofsico,tieneuna
gradacinde1,3a3,0toneladas.Durantelaconstruccin
delrompeolas,lacapainteriorpuedeestarexpuestaala
accindelasolasprevioalacolocacindelasunidades
dearmadura.Paralastormentasconcondicionesdeolas
queexcedandeHs=2,1m,puedeocurrirdesplazamiento
significativodelacapadelnivelinterior.Loscontratistas
conofertasparalaconstruccindelrompeolasdebern
serinformadosdeestetema.
ACCROPODETMarmorunitsizesizesof6.8m3for
thetrunkand9.2m3fortheroundheadmeettheCLI
criteriaforstabilityunderthe570yeardesignwave
conditions.Indeterminingthesizeofthe
ACCROPODETMarmorunits,aconcretedensityof
2,300kg/m3hasbeenassumed;thisistheminimum
densitypermittedinthespecifications.
TamaodeunidadesdearmaduraACCROPODETMlos
tamaosde6,8m3paraeltroncoy9,2m3paralapunta
coincidenconelcriteriodeCLIparaestabilidadbajo
condicionesdeoladediseode570aos.Enla
determinacindeltamaodelasunidadesdearmadura
deACCROPODETM,hasidosupuestaunadensidadde
concretode2.300kg/m3;estaesladensidadmnima
requeridapermitidaenlasespecificaciones.
CrestBackSlopeintheareabehindthecrest,a
scourstoneapronandcutoffwallare
recommendedtoreducethepotentialfordamage
fromovertoppingduringthedesignevent.
PendienteHaciaAtrsdelaCrestaenelreadetrsde
lacresta,unafranjadepiedraparaprevenirsocavaciny
unmurodemamparasonrecomendadosparareducirel
daopotencialdelasolasquesobrepasan(overtopping)
duranteeleventodediseo.
ToeandBeddingatoebermof3to5tonnestone
ontopofabeddinglayerof1to250kgwere
confirmedtobestablethroughoutalltesting
performed.
PieyCamaunpiedelabermadepiedrasde3a5
toneladasencimadelacapadecamadepiedrasde1a
250kgseconfirmestabledurantetodaslaspruebas
realizadas.
Table1PhysicalModelTestsforStability/Cuadro1PruebasdeEstabilidadFsicadelModelo
TestSeries1
InvestigatedstabilityofACCROPODETMunitforthedeepest
locationofthereclamationtrunk,thestubbreakwatertrunk
andthestubbreakwaterroundheadusingaseriesofwave
andwaterlevelcombinations,uptoandincludingthe
570yearoffshorewaveofHs=6.2m.Thetestresults
indicatedthattheCLIrequirementsweremetforstability:no
removalofunits,verylimitedrocking,andlimitedsettlement.
Overtoppingatthereclamationtrunkcreatedsignificant
erosionoftheexposedcorematerialplacedonthelandward
side.ThisissuewasfurtheraddressedinTS4andTS5.
SeriedePrueba1
EstabilidadinvestigadadelasunidadesdeACCROPODETMparalaubicacinmsprofundadeltroncode
larecuperacindeterrenos,eltroncodelespolndelrompeolasylacabezaredondadelespolndel
rompeolas,utilizandounaseriedecombinacionesdeolasydenivelesdeagua,hastaeincluyendolaola
maradentrode570aosdeHs=6,2m.Losresultadosdelaspruebasindicanquelosrequerimientosde
CLIselograronparalaestabilidad:noseremoviningunadelasunidades,hubouncabeceolimitadoy
unasentamientolimitado.Lasolasquesobrepasan(overtopping)eneltroncodelarecuperacinde
terrenoscreerosinsignificativadelmaterialdelncleoubicadoenelladoquedahacialatierra.El
temaseabordaprofundidadenTS4yTS5.
TestSeries2
Examinedthestabilityandovertoppingprocessesforthe
easternbreakwaterrevetmentstructureandatthe
(transition)bendinthesoutheastcorneroftheterminal
underaseriesofwaveandwaterlevelcombinations,upto
andincludingthe570yearevent.Thetestresultsindicated
noextraction,norockingandonlylimitedsettlementofthe
ACCROPODETMunits.Thebeddingstonebermdisplayedsome
erosionandwasincreasedinwidthinthefollowingtest
series.Erosionoftheunprotectedbackslopeinthevicinityof
thebendduetoovertoppingwasobserved.
SeriedePrueba2
Examinadoslosprocesosdeestabilidadydeolasquesobrepasan(overtopping)paralaestructuradel
tajamardelrompeolasesteyenlacurva(transicin)enlaesquinasurestedelaterminal,bajounaserie
decombinacionesdeolasydenivelesdeagua,hastaeincluyendoeleventode570aos.Losresultados
indicaronquenohuboextraccin,nohubocabeceoysolohuboasentamientolimitadodelasunidades
ACCROPODETM.Lacamadepiedrasdelabermamostralgunaerosinyseaumentenanchoparalas
siguientespruebas.Seobserverosinenlapendientetraseradesprotegidaenalrededoresdelacurva
debidoalasquesobrepasan(overtopping).
TestSeries3
Thistestseriesassessedstabilityandovertoppingprocesses
atthebendinthesoutheastcorner,butincorporated
improvementstothesectiontoaddressissuesidentifiedin
TS2.Thebeddingstonewidthwaswidenedandthecrest
backslopeareawasprotectedwithlargerstone.These
improvementsledtoimprovedstabilityofthebeddinglayer
andastablebackslopeatthecrest.
SeriedePrueba3
Estaseriedepruebaevalulosprocesosdeestabilidadyolasquesobrepasan(overtopping)enlacurva
enlaesquinasureste,peroincorpormejoramientosparaestaseccinparaabordarlosproblemas
identificadosenTS2.Elanchodelacamadepiedrasseincrementyelreadelapendientetraserade
lacrestaseprotegiconpiedrasmsgrandes.Estasmejorasllevaronaunamejorestabilidaddelacapa
decamayunapendientetraseradelacrestaestable.
TestSeries4and5
Thesetestswereconductedinseveralflumesinorderto
examinecrestovertoppingimpactsfordifferentcrest
configurations.Atotaloffiveconfigurationswereexaminedin
TS4,withfiveadditionalvariationsinTS5.Stormevents
rangingfromthe10yearstormtoastormexceedingthe
570yearreturnperiodeventwereusedinthetests.Theneed
tobuttressthebackslopeACCROPODETMunitsandprovidea
suitableunderlayerwasconfirmed.Additionally,theuseofa
cutoffwallprovidedincreasedstabilitytothescourapron
behindthecrest.Anincreaseinthecrestelevationandan
increaseincrestwidthwereshowntoreducewave
overtoppingandprovideagreaterlevelofprotectiontothe
areabehindthesectioncrest.
SeriedePruebas4y5
Estaspruebassellevaronacaboenvarioscanalesdeflujoparaexaminarlosimpactosdeolasque
sobrepasan(overtopping)enlacrestaparadiferentesconfiguracionesdecresta.Fueronexaminadasun
totaldecincoconfiguracionesenTS4,concincovariacionesadicionalesenTS5.Fueronusadosenla
prueba,loseventosdetormentasquevandesdelastormentasde10aosaunatormentaexcediendo
eleventodelperiododeretornode570aos.Lanecesidaddereforzarlapendientetraseradelas
unidadesACCROPODETMyproporcionarunacapainterioracceptableseconfirm.Adicionalmente,el
usodelmurodemamparaproporcionunincrementodeestabilidadfranjaparaprevenirsocovacion
detrsdelacresta.Unincrementoenlaelevacindelacrestayunincrementoenelanchodelacresta
semostraronparareducirlasolasquesobrepasan(overtopping)yproporcionarunnivelmsaltode
proteccinalreadetrsdelaseccindecresta.

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Rompeolas 20.2

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Final Report / Informe Final

Breakwater Design Development / Desarollo

APM Terminals, S.A.

Baird in association with CH2M HILL /

2.1 Criterios de Diseo

2.2 Condiciones Oceanogrficas

2.2.1 Wave Conditions

2.2.1 Condiciones de Oleaje

SECTION 2DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

2.2.2 Water Levels

SECTION 2DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

2.2.2 Niveles del Mar

SECTION 2DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

2.3 Consideraciones Geotcnicas

2.3.1 Seismic Slope Stability

2.3.1 Estabilidad S smica del Talud

SECTION 2DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

2.4 Disponibilidad de Material

2.4.1 East, North, and Northwest Side of

2.4.1 Partes Este, Norte y Noroeste de

SECTION 2DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

2.4.2 Southwest Side of Reclamation

2.4.2 Lado Sureste de la Recuperacin de

2.5 Seleccin de Unidad de

Concrete Armor Unit

SECTION 2DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

XBLOC not shown

SECTION 2DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

Concrete Armor Unit

SECTION 2DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

2.7 Olas que Sobrepasan el

SECTION 2DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

SECTION 2DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

2.8 Resumen de Condiciones de

SECTION 2DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Modelacin Utilizada en el

Diseo del Rompeolas

3.2 Alineamiento del Rompeolas

SECTION 3BREAKWATER DESIGN

SECTION 3BREAKWATER DESIGN

SECTION 3BREAKWATER DESIGN

3.3 Alineamiento del Rompeolas

SECTION 3BREAKWATER DESIGN

SECTION 3BREAKWATER DESIGN

3.4 Rompeolas Transicin de

Breakwater Armor Unit

SECTION 3BREAKWATER DESIGN

SECTION 3BREAKWATER DESIGN

3.5 Cortes Transversales del

SECTION 3BREAKWATER DESIGN

Armor Layer Stability

3.6 Estabilidad de la Capa de

3.6.1 Stone Armor

3.6.1 Armadura de Piedra

SECTION 3BREAKWATER DESIGN

3.6.2 ACCROPODETM Concrete Armor

3.6.2 Unidad de Concreto Armado

SECTION 3BREAKWATER DESIGN

SECTION 3BREAKWATER DESIGN

SECTION 3BREAKWATER DESIGN

3.7 Estabilidad de la Capa

SECTION 3BREAKWATER DESIGN

3.9.1 Crest Elevation