Professional Documents
Culture Documents
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree
Master of Science in Nursing
Major in Advance Adult Health
Submitted to:
RICHARD PASCUA, RN, MAN, Ed.D
Instructor
Submitted by:
PERTHA MARIE S. ALVARICO, BSN-RN
JESSA MAE T. ALVIOLA, BSN-RN
ADRIENNE VERNICE C. BAGAFORO, BSN-RN
MARYDEL C. CADIENTE, BSN-RN
MARIA ANGELICA T. FERNANDEZ, BSN-RN
JORE L. ROCO, BSN-RN
NOEL RYAN P. RUBI, BSN-RN
CLINT ARTHUR A. TIU BSN-RN
SYRA M. TROPEZADO, BSN-RN
HANNAH VENT FAYE L. WOO, BSN-RN
July 5, 2015
1
INTRODUCTION
Nursing, as an integral part of the health care system, encompasses the
promotion of health, prevention of illness, and care of physically ill, mentally ill, and
disabled people of all ages, in all health care and other community settings. Within this
broad spectrum of health care, the phenomena of particular concern to nurses are
individual, family, and group responses to actual or potential health problems. These
human responses range broadly from health restoring reactions to an episode of illness
to the development of policy in promoting the long-term health of a population
(International Council of Nurses, 1999).
Nursing knowledge is derived from biological, social, behavioral and physical
sciences. Knowledge is advanced through research findings and the integration of
theoretical models applied to nursing practice. Research and utilization of the nursing
process support clinical decision-making. Nursing interventions and interactions are
directed at influencing a change in health status and quality of life. Nurses develop the
ability to deliver therapeutic nursing interventions through formalized education
combined with guided clinical experience (Buchanan, 1994).
The evolving health care system and new technologies require new approaches
to oncology nursing education. On-going advances in cancer and nursing research and
treatment and care require continual revision of specialty content. There needs to be
greater focus on the impact of cancer genetics, risk analysis and prevention, palliative
care, long-term survivorship, cancer in the aged, psychosocial counseling and
interventions and pediatric oncology nursing. Key to the educational preparation of
oncology nurses is the skill in understanding, use and application of an evolving
knowledge base. In addition to knowledge application skills, oncology nurses need
increasing knowledge and competence in influencing the direction of care.
BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT
PERPETUAL SUCCOUR HOSPITAL is a Regional Tertiary, Training and
Education Health Care facility, equipped with state of the art equipment and technology.
It has installed a software package from Visual Medsys to address the hospital
management information system.
The bar graph above shows the top 10 leading cases in the Oncology
Department. The illustration shows a graph consisting of a series of vertical bars that
represents the total number of cancer cases prevalent in the oncology department. As
the bar shows, the ranking is as follows: 1 st- Breast Cancer, 2nd-Cervical Cancer, 3rdOvarian Cancer, 4th-Endometrial Cancer, 5th-Non-Hodgkins L. and Multiple Myeloma,
6th-Colon Cancer, and 7th-Lung Cancer, 8th Prostate Cancer and Palm CA, 9th Pancreatic
Cancer, 10th SLE.
The evaluation of incidence/occurrence is from the past 6 months (January-June 2015)
from which clients of Perpetual Succour Hospital came in with cancer for treatment. This
will provide as to which advocacy and effort should ponder upon and be guided into
establishing strategic plans in performing treatment interventions to cancer survival.
The graph illustrates the top 10 leading number of cases prevalent in the
oncology department through evaluating the incidence to both male and female
genders. The male representation is presented by a blue bar while the female
representation is presented by the red bar. This chart shows of which disease condition
is of greater occurrence to a specific gender that warranted treatment to Perpetual
6
Succour Hospital Oncology unit for the past 6 months (January-June 2015). Breast
cancer is the leading cancer case for both male and female. On the other hand, Cervical
CA, ovarian CA, endometrial CA, and SLE is the lowest case for males having no
incident of admission For female, the lowest is prostate cancer having no admission.
Breast Cancer:
Cervical Cancer:
Ovarian Cancer:
0 MALE <FEMALE 23
Endometrial Cancer:
0MALE <FEMALE 20
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma:
7MALE = FEMALE 7
Multiple Myeloma:
7MALE = FEMALE 7
Colon Cancer:
4MALE<FEMALE 9
Lung Cancer:
Prostate Cancer:
Palm Cancer:
Pancreatic Cancer:
SLE:
The pie graph shows a clear presentation of each disease condition according
to percentage of their incidence from the total/overall leading cancer cases
undergoing treatment in the Oncology Unit of Perpetual Succour Hospital for the
past 4 months (January-April 2014). This will provide a brief overview of which cases
are prevalent in the ward.
The pie illustrates the number of female and male cancer patients in
Oncology unit. The divisionentails the number of female and male clients. The male
representation is presented by a blue pie while the female representation is
presented by the red pie. This diagram shows which gender preference has greater
prevalence to Perpetual Succour Hospital Oncology Department for the past 4
months (January-April 2014). The occurrence of male cancer patients to Perpetual
Succour Hospital Oncology Unit for the past 4 months (January-April 2014) is 21%
out of 115 total cancer cases while on the other half is 94% femaleclients.
10
11
The bar graph illustrates that incidence on female is greater than in males
because obviously males do not have cervix. The case is more predominant in
females aging 36-65 od during middle adulthood stage.
12
13
14
15
MALE
FEMALE
16
OF COLON
CANCER
17
The graph shows the 8th prevalent case in the Hema-Oncology Unit,
Lung cancer with a total of 10 incidences. Smoking may precipitate the
disease, such lung cancer incidences is more on men with 7 cases and 3
cases from women.
18
The graph shows the 9th prevalent case in the Hema-Oncology Unit is
prostate cancer with a total of 6 incidences. Prostate cancer, also known as
carcinoma of the prostate, is the development of cancer in the prostate, a
gland in the male reproductive system. Most prostate cancers are slow
growing; however, some grow relatively fast. Factors that increase the risk of
prostate cancer include: older age, a family history of the disease, and race.
About 99% of cases occur in those over the age of 50.
19
The graph shows the 10th prevalent case in the Hema-Oncology Unit is Palm
Cancer with a total of 6 incidences. The incidence is lower in females having 2
incidences than males with 4 incidences.
20
The graph shows the 11th prevalent case in the Hema-Oncology Unit is
Pancreatic Cancer with a total of 5 incidences. One incident come from female and 4
comes from male. Pancreatic cancer rarely occurs before the age of 40, and more
than half of cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma occur in those over 70. Risk factors
for pancreatic cancer include tobacco smoking, obesity, diabetes, and certain rare
genetic conditions. Cases are linked to smoking and inherited genes.
21
The graph shows the last prevalent case in the Hema-Oncology Unit is SLE.
Such incidents come from women in a child-bearing years having 2 total of incidents
and represents a total of 4 incidents overall. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is
a chronic inflammatory disease that has protean manifestations and follows a
relapsing and remitting course. More than 90% of cases of SLE occur in women,
frequently starting at childbearing age.
22
LIST OF TABLES
Disease
Condition
1524
2534
3544
TOTA
L
4
4
2
1
75
abov
e
1
0
0
0
BREAST
CERVIX
ENDOMETRIAL
COLON
SKIN, LUNG,
OVARY
BONE, RECTAL,
THYROID
KIDNEY, BLOOD
PROSTATE,
ESOPHARYNGE
AL,
NASOPHARYNG
EAL,
OROPHARYNGE
AL, LYMPH,
TONGUE
0
0
0
0
2
1
2
1
5
2
2
1
11
8
4
3
11
9
2
2
18
34
24
12
8
SUMMARY
In conclusion, it is clearly evident that breast cancer has the highest
incidence of cases in the Oncology Department of Perpetual Succour
Hospital. It has a peak occurence in middle adulthood and is greater in
females than in males. The second leading case is the cervical cancer which
obviously occurs only in females and also common in middle adulthood. The
23
25
The bar graph above shows the top 8 leading cases in the Pediatric HemaOncology Department. The illustration shows a graph consisting of a series of vertical
bars that represents the total number of pediatric cases prevalent in the HemaOncology Department. As the bar shows, the ranking is as follows: 1 st- No Diagnosis
Indicated, 2nd- Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia, 3rd- Hemophilia, 4th-Osteosarcona, 5thOsteosarcoma, 6th- Langerhans Cell Histocytosis, 7 th- Hepatoblastoma, and 8thThalassemia.
The evaluation of incidence/occurrence is from the past 6 months (January-June
2015) from which clients of Perpetual Succour Hospital came in with cancer for
treatment. This will provide as to which advocacy and effort should ponder upon and be
guided into establishing strategic plans in performing treatment interventions to cancer
survival.
26
The graph illustrates the top 8 leading number of cases prevalent in the oncology
department through evaluating the incidence to both male and female genders. The
male representation is presented by a blue bar while the female representation is
presented by the red bar. This chart shows of which disease condition is of greater
occurrence to a specific gender that warranted treatment to Perpetual Succour Hospital
Oncology unit for the past 6 months (January- June 2014).
CASES
No Dx Indicated
ALL
Hemophilia
Nasopharyngeal CA
Osteosarcoma
Langerhan's Cell
Histocytosis
Hepatoblastoma
Thalassemia
TOTAL
27
Male
8
3
3
1
0
Female
7
4
0
0
1
1
1
0
17
0
0
1
13
28
The pie graph shows a clear presentation of each disease condition according to
percentage of their incidence from the total/overall leading cancer cases undergoing
treatment in the Pediatric Oncology Unit of Perpetual Succour Hospital for the past 6
months (January-June 2015). This will provide a brief overview of which cases are
prevalent in the ward.
29
The pie illustrates the number of female and male cancer patients in Pediatric
Oncology unit. The division entails the number of female and male clients. The male
representation is presented by a blue pie while the female representation is presented
by the red pie. This diagram shows which gender preference has greater prevalence to
Perpetual Succour Hospital Pediatric Oncology Department for the past 6 months
(January-June 2015). The occurrence of male pediatric cancer patients to Perpetual
Succour Hospital Oncology Unit for the past 6 months (January-June 2015) is 57% out
of 30 total cancer cases while on the other half is 43% female clients.
30
(presented with a red bar). There is a total of 15 unlisted diagnosis/case from the
period of January June 2015.
The bar graph illustrates that incidence on female is greater than in males. The
case is more predominant in females aging 6 12 y/o. According to the 2014 American
Cancer Society, Inc. study, acute lymphocytic leukemia ranked first as the most
common type of cancer among children ages between 0-14 years old. The condition is
32
more common in boys with higher incidence and mortality rates (Cancer Facts &
Figures, 2014).
The bar graph illustrates that the incidence on female is greater than in males
Hemophilia are inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. The genes associated with
these conditions are located on the X chromosome. In males (who have only one X
chromosome), one altered copy of the gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the
33
condition. In females (who have two X chromosomes), a mutation would have to occur
in both copies of the gene to cause the disorder. It is unlikely for females to have two
altered copies of mutated X gene, therefore, it is very rare for females to have
hemophilia (Genetics Home Reference, 2015).
The bar graph illustrates the incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer on male under
12-18 y/o. There is only 1 recorded case from the month of January to June 2015.
International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC)classified nasopharyngeal
34
cancer as one of the rare cancer cases accounting for about 4% of cancers diagnosed
in children aged 0 to 14 years (National Cancer Institute, 2015).
The bar graph illustrates the incidence of Osteosarcoma on female under 12-18
y/o. There is only one recorded case from the month of January to June 2015. Although
it is considered as the most common type of bone cancer in children and teens, it
35
usually occurs in children and young adults typically after age 10 (St. Jude Children's
Research Hospital, 2015).
The bar graph illustrates the incidence of Langerhans Cell Histocytosis on male
under 1-3 y/o. There is only 1 recorded case from the month of January to June
2015.Langerhan's Cell Histiocytosis is believed to occur in 1:200,000 children, but any
age group can be affected, from infancy through adulthood. In newborns and very
36
young children (usually between 2-3 years old), it occurs in 1-2 per million
(HistiocytosisAsssociation, 2014).
The bar graph illustrates the incidence of Hepatoblastoma on male under 1-3 y/o.
There is only 1 recorded case from the month of January to June 2015.
Hepatoblastoma is a common primary liver tumor in children, accounting for just over
1% of pediatric cancers. The etiology is unknown and affects both genders (The
Oncologist, 2000)
37
The bar graph illustrates the incidence of Thalassemia on female under 3-6 y/o.
There is only 1 recorded case from the month of January to June 2015.According to the
US Census Bureau, Population Estimates 2004, there is a total of 317 diagnosed cases
of thalassemia from the 86,241,697 population in the Philippines and patients are
diagnosed from birth (Right Diagnosis, 2015).
38