FACTS:

Dealwithpiecesofinformationthatonehasheard,seenorread,
andwhichareopentodiscoveryorverification.Thekeywordhereis
verification.Afactisastatementthatcanbeverified,i.e.afactiseither
trueorfalse.Factsarestatementsthatmayinvolvenumbers,natural
phenomena,datesetc.Thecharacteristicsofthestatementsclassifiedasfacts
are:
Madeafterobservationorexperience.Aneventcannotbecomeafactunless
ithasoccurred.
Confinedtowhatoneobservescannotbemadeaboutthefuture.
Limitednumberpossible.
Notperceptiondependent.Afactwillbeagreedtobyeveryperson.Itdoes
notchangefrompersontoperson.
Tendstobringpeopletogetherinagreement.

Examples:
1)Nearly2lacstudentstookCATlastyear.
2)Lifeexistsonotherplanets(althoughphysicallynotpossibletoverify,this
statementwillbeeithertrueorfalse).
3)IlikePinkFloydmorethanMetallica(Itmaynotseemso,butthis
statementiseithertrueorfalse.EitherIlikePinkFloydmorethanMetallica
orIdont).
4)Thelegislatureisadvocatingvigorouslyagainstintrusionofjudiciaryin
parliamentaryaffairs.
5)Afootballfieldis100yardslong.

NOTE:
Noticethedifferencewhenasentencecontainssubjectiveorabstract
expressions
6)Themusicwasveryloud(NOTafactastheloudnessmightvaryfrom
persontoperson).
7)Ifoundthemusicveryloud(Afactasitiseitheratruthoralie.Imust

havefoundthemusicveryloudornotveryloud).
Povertyisacurseonmankind(NOTafactcurseonmankindistoo
abstract).
9)20%ofthepopulationlivebelowpovertyline(Fact).

FACTSSTATEMENTSINCAT2006PAPER:

1)Thegovernmenthasbeensupplyingfreedrugssince2004,and35000
havebenefiteduptonowthoughthesizeoftheaffectedpopulationis150
timesthisnumber.
2)Onlyabout13millionchildrenintheagegroupof6to14yearsareoutof
school.
3)Thetruthisthatwehavemoreredtapewetakeeightyninedaystostarta
smallbusiness,Australianstaketwo.
4)Theeconomiesoftheindustrializedwesternworldderive20%oftheir
incomefromthesaleofallkindsofarms.

INFERENCES:
Areconclusionsdrawnabouttheunknown,onthebasisof
theknown.Noticethethreewordsconclusions,knownandunknown
verycarefully.Theywillgiveyoucompletedescriptionofwhataninference
consistsof
KnownAfact.Thefirstthinganinferenceshouldconsistofisafact.This
factisrequiredtoproveanotherproposition.
UnknownSomethingwhichcanbelogicallyprovenbythegivenfactorthe
known.Therefore,inaninferenceanunknownpropositionispresentwhich
istobeprovenwiththehelpofthefact.Rememberthatthispropositionhas
tobeprovenwiththehelpofanotherfact.
ConclusionOncetheunknownhasbeenprovedwiththehelpoftheknown
(fact)itiscalledaconclusion.

NoticethemeaningofthewordInfer.Toinfermeans
toconcludefromevidencetodeduce
tohavealogicalconsequence.(aninference=aconclusion)

Therefore,theprocessofinferencecanbesummarizedbythefiguregiven
below:

Examples:
1)Becausetheoldmanstayedindoorsallthetimeanddidnotreceiveany
visitors,noonediscoveredhisdeadbodyfordays.
(thegreenpartisthefactandthebrownpartistheconclusion.Noticethat
withouttheexplanationgivenbythefact,youcannotconvincinglyprovethe
conclusion.)
2)ThefootprintwarnedRobinsonCrusoethattherewassomeoneelseonthe
island.

INFERENCESTATEMENTSINCAT2006PAPER:

(thefactsareingreenandtheconclusionsareinbrown)
1)TherecentinitiativesofnetworksandcompanieslikeAIDScareNetwork,
Emcure,RelianceCiplaCII,wouldleadtoavailabilityofmuchneededdrugs
toalargernumberofaffectedpeople.
2)Accordingtoallstatisticalindications,theSarvaShikshaAbhiyanhas
managedtokeeppacewithitsambitiousgoals.
3)Everyredtapeprocedureisapointofcontactwithanofficial,andsuch
contactshavethepotentialtobecomeopportunitiesformoneytochange
hands.
4)Evenwithoutwar,weknowthatconflictscontinuetotroubleustheyonly
changeincolor.


JUDGEMENTS:
areopinionsthatimplyapprovalordisapprovalofpersons,
objects,situations,andoccurrencesinthepast,thepresentorthefuture.
Thereisafinelineofdistinctionbetweeninferencesandjudgments.Mostof
thetimesjudgmentsarealsobasedonfactsandthereforetheyseemlike
inferences.Buttherearesomewaystodifferentiateajudgmentandan
inference
Judgmentsarearguableandcontestable.Inferencesarerocksolid.Although
bothjudgmentsandinferencesarebasedonfacts,inthelattertheconclusion
issounquestionablethatitbecomesfactitself.
Judgmentsareopinions,suggestionsandrecommendationswhereas
inferencesareprovenconditions.
Judgmentstatementsincludealotofquantitiesthatcannotbemeasured,
suchashappiness,beauty,joyetc.
Manyatimes,judgmentsarenotaccompaniedbyfactsatallbutareonly
opinionstatements.Whenthereisnofactinvolved,thestatementcanonlybe
ajudgmentstatement.
Ajudgmentisanhonestattempttomakereasonableobservationsaboutthe
givenfactsbuttheydonotconclusivelyproveanything.

Examples:
1)Itisestimatedthatthat30%ofIndianslivebelowpovertyline.(judgment:
ifitisanestimate,itcannotbeafact).
2)Everymotherhasonlythebestinterestsofherchildrenatherheart.(Is
thereawaytolookinsideamothersheart?).
3)Becausewehadthreewarswithourneighboringcountry,weshouldkeep
ourarmedforcedreadyforthefourthone.

JUDGMENTSTATEMENTSINCAT2006PAPER:
1)Somuchofourdaytodayfocusseemstobeongettingthinsdone,

trudgingourwaythroughthetasksoflivingitcanfeellikeatreadmillthat
getsyounowherewhereisthechildlikejoy?
2)Wearenotdoingthingsthatmakeushappythatwhichbringsusjoythe
thingsthatwecannotwaittodobecauseweenjoythemsomuch.
3)Thisisthestuffthatjoyfullivingismadeofidentifyingyourcallingand
committingyourselfwholeheartedlytoit.
4)Whenthishappens,eachmomentbecomesacelebrationofyouthereisa
rushofenergythatcomeswithfeelingcompletelyimmersedindoingwhat
youlovemost.
5)Giventhepoorqualityofserviceinthepublicservice,theHIV/AIDS
affectedshouldbeswitchingtoprivateinitiativesthatsupplyantiretroviral
drugs(ARVs)atalowcost.
6)Buthowironicitisthatweshouldfaceaperennialshortageofdrugswhen
Indiaisoneoftheworldslargestsuppliersofgenericdrugstothe
developingworld.
7)TheMiddayMealschemehasbeenasignificantincentiveforthepoorto
sendtheirlittleonestoschool,thusestablishingthevitallinkbetween
healthybodiesandhealthyminds.
Thegoalofuniversalisationofelementaryeducationhastobea
prerequisitefortheevolutionanddevelopmentofourcountry.
9)Weshouldnotbehopelesslyaddictedtoanerroneousbeliefthatcorruption
inIndiaiscausedbythecrookednessofIndians.
10)Redtapeleadstocorruptionanddistortspeoplescharacter.
11)Inequitabledistributionofallkindsofresourcesiscertainlyoneofthe
strongestandmostsinistersourcesofconflict.
12)Extensivedisarmamentistheonlyinsuranceforourfutureimaginethe
amountofresourcesthatcanbereleasedandredeployed.