EQUIPMENT

A. Drafting Board
afting board used
B. T-Square - Two
upper edge & draw
or this course if

- Soft wood, such as basswood. Only use one "working edge". Dr

at home, not required to bring to class.
parts; head & blade. Must be square. Mount paper aligned with
against upper edge, never lower edge. 24" blade satisfactory f
purchased for work at home.

Case Instruments
C. Compass - 6" bow compass satisfactory. Use 2H lead and tilt as drawing. Set
at desired radius via line on scrap paper, not stabbed into scale. Tilt, twirl w
hile drawing. 3" bow compass or drop spring bow compass used for small circles.
Ink pen attachment available Consider circle template.
D. Friction Dividers - Used to transfer measurements quickly. Must be tight and
uniform point length.
E. Beam Extenders - Used to draw large circles. Beam compass and trammel points
are used for very large circle layouts.
F. Triangles - Two types; 30-60 degree & 45 degree. Consider purchase of 8" 45 d
egree & 10" 30-60 degree. Place leg on T-square or Jacob's parallel ruling strai
ghtedge to draw with triangle. Triangles can be used together to draw 15 degree
angle increments.
G. Protractor - Used to draw angles smaller than 15 degrees when triangles won't
suffice.
H. Irregular ( French ) Curve - Available in many sizes and shapes to draw irreg
ular curves. Align more points than drawn against at a time. Keep moving the cur
ve. Any portion of the curve can be used.
I. Ames Lettering Guide - Used to establish height of guidelines for lettering.
J. Eraser - Use as soft eraser as available.
K. Art Gum - Cream colored block used to remove smudges, not to erase.
L. Drafting Tape - Used to hold down paper at corners. Not as sticky as masking.
M. India Ink - A waterproof ink used to ink a drawing, not Indian ink.
N. Drafting Media - Usually translucent as required for reproduction.
Vellum - Common material sometimes called tracing paper
Drafting Cloth - Called linen, actually cotton, an old-time material for hig
h quality results.
Drafting Film - ( Mylar ) for high quality durable results, expensive, requi
res a plastic pencil.
O. Drafting Machine - A tool combining function of T-square, scale, and triangle
. Be sure blades are set square.
P. Scales - Used to establish measurements, not to be used as a straightedge. Va
rious shapes and types including the following :
Mechanical Engineer's Scale - inch divided by 16 parts; an inch or portion of an
inch represents an inch
( can be 3/4 size, 1/2 size 3/8 size or 1/4 size)
Civil Engineer's Scale - inch divided by 10 parts; an inch to represent 10 feet
or more (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)
Architect's Scale - inch divided by 12 parts; an inch or a portion of an inch re
presents a foot ( 3, 1 1/2, 1, 3/4, 1/2, 3/8, 1/4, 3/16, 1/8, 3/32)
Metric Scale - designed according to metric system with meter as standard unit.
( 1 meter = 39.37 inches or 1 inch = 25.4 mm) Scales are: 1:1(mm), 1:20, 1:33
1/3, 1:40, 1:50, 1:80, and 1:100.
Study Scales Study Guide.
Q. Erasing Shield - Thin metal piece used to protect lines while erasing.
R. Pencils - Mixture of graphite and clay (kaolin ) ratio determines hardness.
Three Grades:
Hard = 9H - 4H
Medium = 3H - B
Soft = 3B - 7B
Consider 2H for most lines of finished ( darkened ) drawing, 6H for construction

( preliminary ) work, and 4H for center, hidden, & dimension lines. All finishe
d lines are to be black. Avoid using too soft a lead, press harder. Also, consid
er metric lead and metric lead holders ( .3mm, .5mm, & .7mm ) to avoid sharpenin
g so often.