ELECTRICAL SUBSTATIONS

Rodrigo Achury Duarte

Leonardo Rodrguez Corts
1

WHAT IS AN ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION?

Its the development and implementation

of a node in the system.

Set of equipment used to direct the flow

of energy in a power system, and to

guarantee the security of the system.
2

TYPES OF SUBSTATIONS
Substation of generation
Substation of transformation
Substation of maneuver

TYPES OF SUBSTATIONS

TYPES OF SUBSTATIONS

The substations can be too:

Conventional or Insolated in the air -

Encapsulated or Insolated in SF6 - GIS

AIS

TYPES OF SUBSTATIONS
Interior or Exterior

execution.
Also cells for

substations of
medium and low
tension
6

MAIN PARTS IN SUBSTATIONS

MAIN PARTS IN SUBSTATIONS

Yard of connections

Set of equipment and busbars of a

substation with the same tension level
and electrical association.

Generally located in the same area of the

substation.

TRANSFORMERS YARD

Area of substation when are located

the power transformers. Generally

between yards of connections to
different levels.

SUBSTATIONS FIELD

The substations field is the

addition of areas connections and

transformers yards, circulations
and maintenance routes, buildings,
etc.

10

OTHER DEFINITIONS
Module of connections

Set of equipment needed to connect a circuit to a busbar system of a connections yard.

Collectors Busbars

Physic element of connections yard that represents a system node.

Physics disposition

It`s the physics order of the different equipment of connections yards for determinated

configurations.
11

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF POWER SYSTEM

ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION MODEL (SIDE-VIEW)

A:Primary power lines' side

B:Secondary power lines' side
1.Primary power lines
2.Ground wire
3.Overhead lines
4.Transformer for measurement of electric voltage
5.Disconnect switch

6.Circuit breaker
7.Current transformer
8.Lightning arrester
9.Main transformer
10.Control building
11.Security fence
12.Secondary power lines

BUSBARS (Barras)

Busbars
(long heavy
tube type)

BUSBAR (or bus, for short) is a term we use for a main bar or conductor carrying an

electric current to which many connection may be made.

14

Disconnect Switch (Interruptor de desconexin)

DISCONNECT is an easily removed piece of
the actual conductor of a circuit. The purpose of
disconnects is to isolate equipment. Disconnects
are not used to interrupt circuits; they are no-load
devices

Disconnect Switch
( moving contact rod (A) & contacts with
flexible fingers (B) )

15

CIRCUIT BREAKER (Interruptor)

Operating
Mechanism
Panel

Circuit Breakers
( Connected in a typical 3-phase
circuit )

Position
Indicator

CIRCUIT BREAKER is used to interrupt circuits while current is flowing through them. The making and breaking of
16
contacts in a Oil type circuit breaker are done under oil, this oil serves to quench the arc when the circuit is opened.

CIRCUIT BREAKER (Interruptor)

Substation motorized grounding switches

Motorized circuit breaker - switch detail

17

CURRENT TRANSFORMER (Transformador de Corriente)

CURRENT TRANSFORMER One current

transformer can be used to operate several
instruments, provided that the combined burden does
not exceed that for which the transformer is designed
and compensated. The current transformer is
connected directly in series with the line.

18

VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER (Transformador de Potencial)

VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER also know as

potential transformer, are used with volt-meters,

wattmeters, watt-hour meters, power-factor meters,
frequency meters, synchroscopes and synchronizing
apparatus, protective and regulating relays and the novoltage and over-voltage trip coils of automatic circuit
breakers.

19

Power Transformer (Transformador de Potencia)

A transformer is a static

machine
used
for
transforming power from one
circuit to another without
changing frequenc .

http://www.electrical4u.com/electrical-power-transformerdefinition-and-types-of-transformer/

SURGE ARRESTER (Descargador)

1. Ability to remove the surge energy from the
line in a min. time.
2. High resistive to flow of power current.
3. A valve action automatically allowing surge
to pass and then closing up so as not to
permit power current to flow to ground.
4. Always ready to perform.
5. Performance such that no system
disturbances are introduced by its
operation.
6. Economically feasible
21

LINE TRAPS (TRAMPAS DE ONDA)

Line Traps are connected in

series. The main funtion is

present a high impedance at the
carrier frecuency band while
introducing negligible Impedance
ar the power frecuency,

REFERENCES

FIME, Iluminacin y Alta Tensin, divisin de Ingeniera Elctrica, Equipo Elctrico

ABB, Interruptores extrables y seccionables para equipamiento compacto aislado en aire, 72,5-420 kV, Edicin 2, 2006-

01.
Mar P. Jos G.Vidal L. Eric D., Descripcin y funcin del equipo de una subestacin elctrica, Universidad Veracruzana,

Abril de 2011
Balkan energy services OOD, Presentacin Subestaciones Elctricas, http://balkangroup.eu/

23