Case 14-3845, Document 89-1, 07/23/2015, 1560411, Page1 of 19

143845
Lolav.Skadden,Arps,Slate,Meagher&Flom
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UNITEDSTATESCOURTOFAPPEALS
FORTHESECONDCIRCUIT
____________________
AugustTerm,2014
(Argued:May29,2015

Decided:July23,2015)
DocketNo.143845cv
____________________

DAVIDLOLA,onbehalfofhimselfandallotherssimilarlysituated,

PlaintiffAppellant,
v.
SKADDEN,ARPS,SLATE,MEAGHER&FLOMLLP,TOWERLEGAL
STAFFING,INC.,
DefendantsAppellees.
____________________
Before:POOLER,LOHIER,DRONEY,CircuitJudges.
DavidLola,onbehalfofhimselfandallotherssimilarlysituated,appeals

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fromtheSeptember16,2014opinionandorderoftheUnitedStatesDistrictCourt

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fortheSouthernDistrictofNewYork(Sullivan,J.)dismissinghisputative

Case 14-3845, Document 89-1, 07/23/2015, 1560411, Page2 of 19

collectiveactionseekingdamagesfromSkadden,Arps,Slate,Meagher&Flom

LLPandTowerLegalStaffing,Inc.forviolationsoftheovertimeprovisionofthe

FairLaborStandardsAct,29U.S.C.201etseq.(FLSA),arisingoutofLolas

workasacontractattorneyinNorthCarolina.Weagreewiththedistrictcourt

that:(1)state,notfederal,lawinformsFLSAsdefinitionofpracticeoflaw;and

(2)NorthCarolina,astheplacewhereLolaworkedandlived,hasthegreatest

interestinthislitigation,andthuswelooktoNorthCarolinalawtodetermineif

LolawaspracticinglawwithinthemeaningofFLSA.However,wedisagreewith

thedistrictcourtsconclusion,onamotiontodismiss,thatbyundertakingthe

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documentreviewLolaallegedlywashiredtoconduct,Lolawasnecessarily

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practicinglawwithinthemeaningofNorthCarolinalaw.
Vacatedandremanded.

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____________________

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D.MAIMONKIRSCHENBAUM,Joseph&
KirschenbaumLLP(DeniseA.Shulman,onthe
brief),NewYork,NY,forPlaintiffAppellantDavid
Lola,onbehalfofhimselfandallotherssimilarly
situated.

BRIANJ.GERSHENGORN,Ogletree,Deakins,
Nash,Smoak&Stewart,P.C.(StephanieL.
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Aranyos,onthebrief)NewYork,N.Y.for
DefendantsAppelleesSkadden,Arps,Slate,Meagher
&FlomLLPandTowerLegalStaffing,Inc.
POOLER,CircuitJudge:
DavidLola,onbehalfofhimselfandallotherssimilarlysituated,appeals

fromtheSeptember16,2014opinionandorderoftheUnitedStatesDistrictCourt

fortheSouthernDistrictofNewYork(Sullivan,J.)dismissinghisputative

collectiveactionseekingdamagesfromSkadden,Arps,Slate,Meagher&Flom

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LLPandTowerLegalStaffing,Inc.forviolationsoftheovertimeprovisionofthe

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FairLaborStandardsAct,29U.S.C.201etseq.(FLSA),arisingoutofLolas

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workasacontractattorneyinNorthCarolina.Weagreewiththedistrictcourts

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conclusionthat:(1)state,notfederal,lawinformsFLSAsdefinitionofpractice

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oflaw;and(2)NorthCarolina,astheplacewhereLolaworkedandlived,has

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thegreatestinterestinthislitigation,andthuswelooktoNorthCarolinalawto

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determineifLolawaspracticinglawwithinthemeaningofFLSA.However,we

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disagreewiththedistrictcourtsconclusion,onamotiontodismiss,thatby

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undertakingthedocumentreviewLolaallegedlywashiredtoconduct,Lolawas

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necessarilypracticinglawwithinthemeaningofNorthCarolinalaw.Wefind

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thatacceptingtheallegationsaspleaded,Lolaadequatelyallegedinhis
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complaintthathisdocumentreviewwasdevoidoflegaljudgmentsuchthathe

wasnotengagedinthepracticeoflaw,andremandforfurtherproceedings.

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BACKGROUND
LolacommencedthisFLSAcollectiveactionagainstSkadden,Arps,Slate,

Meagher&FlomLLPandTowerLegalStaffingInc.Inhisfirstamended

complaint,LolaallegedthatSkadden,aDelawarelimitedliabilitypartnership,is

basedinNewYorkCity.HeallegesthatTowerisaNewYorkcorporationthat

providesattorneysandparalegalsonacontractbasistovariouslawfirmsand

corporatelawdepartments.LolaallegesthatSkaddenandTower(together,

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Defendants)werejointemployerswithinthemeaningofFLSA.
Lola,aNorthCarolinaresident,allegesthatbeginninginApril2012,he

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workedforDefendantsforfifteenmonthsinNorthCarolina.Heconducted

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documentreviewforSkaddeninconnectionwithamultidistrictlitigation

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pendingintheUnitedStatesDistrictCourtfortheNorthernDistrictofOhio.

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LolaisanattorneylicensedtopracticelawinCalifornia,butheisnotadmittedto

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practicelawineitherNorthCarolinaortheNorthernDistrictofOhio.

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LolaallegesthathisworkwascloselysupervisedbytheDefendants,and
hisentireresponsibility...consistedof(a)lookingatdocumentstoseewhat
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searchterms,ifany,appearedinthedocuments,(b)markingthosedocuments

intothecategoriespredeterminedbyDefendants,and(c)attimesdrawingblack

boxestoredactportionsofcertaindocumentsbasedonspecificprotocolsthat

Defendantsprovided.Appxat2028.LolafurtherallegesthatDefendants

providedhimwiththedocumentshereviewed,thesearchtermshewastousein

connectionwiththosedocuments,andtheprocedureshewastofollowifthe

searchtermsappeared.Lolawaspaid$25anhourforhiswork,andworked

roughlyfortyfivetofiftyfivehoursaweek.Hewaspaidatthesamerateforany

hoursheworkedinexcessoffortyhoursperweek.Lolawastoldthathewasan

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employeeofTower,buthewasalsotoldthatheneededtofollowanyprocedures

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setbySkaddenattorneys,andheworkedunderthesupervisionofSkadden

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attorneys.Otherattorneysemployedtoworkonthesameprojectperformed

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similarworkandwerelikewisepaidhourlyratesthatremainedthesameforany

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hoursworkedinexcessoffortyhoursperweek.

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Defendantsmovedtodismissthecomplaint,arguingthatLolawasexempt

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fromFLSAsovertimerulesbecausehewasalicensedattorneyengagedinthe

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practiceoflaw.Thedistrictcourtgrantedthemotion,finding(1)state,not

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federal,standardsappliedindeterminingwhetheranattorneywaspracticing
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lawunderFLSA;(2)NorthCarolinahadthegreatestinterestintheoutcomeof

thelitigation,thusNorthCarolinaslawshouldapply;and(3)Lolawasengaged

inthepracticeoflawasdefinedbyNorthCarolinalaw,andwasthereforean

exemptemployeeunderFLSA.Lolav.Skadden,Arps,Slate,Meagher&Flom,LLP,

No.13cv5008(RJS),2014WL4626228(S.D.N.Y.Sept.16,2014).Thisappeal

followed.

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DISCUSSION
Wereviewdenovoadistrictcourtsdismissalofacomplaintforfailureto
stateaclaim,acceptingallfactualallegationsinthecomplaintastrueand

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drawingallreasonableinferencesinplaintiffsfavor.Freidusv.BarclaysBank

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PLC,734F.3d132,137(2dCir.2013).

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PursuanttoFLSA,employersmustgenerallypayemployeesworking

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overtimeoneandonehalftimestheregularrateofpayforanyhoursworkedin

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excessoffortyaweek.29U.S.C.207(a)(1).However,employeesemployedina

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bonafide...professionalcapacityareexemptfromthatrequirement.Id.

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213(a)(1).Thestatutedoesnotprovideadefinitionofprofessionalcapacity,

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insteaddelegatingtheauthoritytodosototheSecretaryoftheDepartmentof

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Labor(DOL),whodefinesprofessionalemployeestoincludethose
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employeeswhoare:
(1)Compensatedonasalaryorfeebasisatarateofnot
lessthan$455perweek...;and

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29C.F.R.541.300.Theserequirements,however,donotapplytoattorneys

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engagedinthepracticeoflaw.29C.F.R.541.304(d)(Therequirementsof

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541.300andsubpartG(salaryrequirements)ofthispartdonotapplytothe

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employeesdescribedinthissection.).Instead,attorneysfallunder29C.F.R.

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541.304,whichexemptsfromtheovertimerequirement:

(2)Whoseprimarydutyistheperformanceofwork:
(i)Requiringknowledgeofanadvancedtypeina
fieldofscienceorlearningcustomarilyacquiredbya
prolongedcourseofintellectualinstruction;or
(ii)Requiringinvention,imagination,originality
ortalentinarecognizedfieldofartisticorcreative
endeavor.

Anyemployeewhoistheholderofavalidlicenseor
certificatepermittingthepracticeoflawormedicineor
anyoftheirbranchesandisactuallyengagedinthe
practicethereof[.]

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Id.541.304(a)(1).WhileitisundisputedthatLolaisanattorneylicensedto

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practicelawinCalifornia,thepartiesdisputewhetherthedocumentreviewhe

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allegedlyperformedconstitutesengaginginthepracticeoflaw.
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I.

Practiceoflaw.

Lolaurgesustofashionanewfederalstandarddefiningthepracticeof

lawwithinthemeaningofSection541.304.Wedeclinetodosobecausewe

agreewiththedistrictcourtthatthedefinitionofpracticeoflawisprimarilya

matterofstateconcern.Lola,2014WL4626228,at*4(citationomitted).

InKamenv.KemperFinancialServices,Inc.,500U.S.90(1991),theSupreme

Courtexaminedwhether,inanactionbasedonafederalstatute,federalcommon

lawshouldincorporatestatelaw.There,theissuewaswhetherthecontoursof

thedemandfutilityrequirementoftheInvestmentCompanyActof1940mustbe

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discernedbyreferencetostatelaworbyreferencetofederallaw.Id.at9798.The

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KamenCourtexplainedthatacourtshouldendeavortofilltheintersticesof

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federalremedialschemeswithuniformfederalrulesonlywhentheschemein

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questionevidencesadistinctneedfornationwidelegalstandards,orwhen

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expressprovisionsinanalogousstatutoryschemesembodycongressionalpolicy

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choicesreadilyapplicabletothematterathand.Id.at98(citationomitted).

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Otherwise,theCourtcontinued:

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wehaveindicatedthatfederalcourtsshould
incorporatestatelawasthefederalruleofdecision,
unlessapplicationoftheparticularstatelawinquestion
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wouldfrustratespecificobjectivesofthefederal
programs.Thepresumptionthatstatelawshouldbe
incorporatedintofederalcommonlawisparticularly
stronginareasinwhichprivatepartieshaveentered
legalrelationshipswiththeexpectationthattheirrights
andobligationswouldbegovernedbystatelaw
standards.
Id.(internalcitation,quotationmarksandalterationsomitted).
Applyingtheseprinciples,theSupremeCourtexplainedthatwhereagap

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inthefederalsecuritieslawsmustbebridgedbyarulethatbearsonthe

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allocationofgoverningpowerswithinthecorporation,federalcourtsshould

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incorporatestatelawintofederalcommonlawunlesstheparticularstatelawin

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questionisinconsistentwiththepoliciesunderlyingthefederalstatute.Id.at

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108(emphasisomitted).Thus,theKamencourtconcludedthatthescopeofthe

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demandrequirementmustbedeterminedbythelawofthestateof

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incorporation.Id.at108.

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DeSylvav.Ballentine,351U.S.570(1956),isalsoinstructiveindetermining

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whetherstateorfederallawshoulddefinethesweepofafederalright..InDe

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Sylva,theSupremeCourtexaminedthequestionofwhetheranillegitimatechild

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wasachildwithinthemeaningoftheCopyrightAct.Notingthat[t]hescope

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ofafederalrightis,ofcourse,afederalquestion,butthatdoesnotmeanthatits
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contentisnottobedeterminedbystate,ratherthanfederallaw,id.,thecourt

alsoobservedthat[t]hisisespeciallytruewhereastatutedealswithafamilial

relationship;thereisnofederallawofdomesticrelations,whichisprimarilya

matterofstateconcern.Id.TheCourtthenreliedonstatelawtodefinechild

withinthemeaningofthefederalCopyrightAct.Id.at581.

Justasthereisnofederallawofdomesticrelations,herethereisno

federallawgoverninglawyers.Regulatingthepracticeoflawistraditionallya

stateendeavor.Nofederalschemeexistsforissuinglawlicenses.Asthedistrict

courtaptlyobserved,[s]tatesregulatealmosteveryaspectoflegalpractice:they

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settheeligibilitycriteriaandoverseetheadmissionprocessforwouldbe

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lawyers,promulgatetherulesofprofessionalethics,anddisciplinelawyerswho

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failtofollowthoserules,amongmanyotherresponsibilities.Lola,2014WL

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4626228,at*4.TheexemptioninFLSAspecificallyreliesontheattorney

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possessingavalidlicense...permittingthepracticeoflaw.29C.F.R.

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541.304(a)(1).TheregulationshistoryindicatesthattheDOLwaswellawarethat

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suchlicenseswereissuedbythestates.SeeWageandHourandPublicContracts

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Divisions,U.S.DepartmentofLabor,ReportandRecommendationsofthe

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PresidingOfficeratPublicHearingsonProposedRevisionsofRegulations,Part
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541,at77(1949)(notingthattheexemptionforattorneyswasbasedinparton

theuniversalrequirementoflicensingbythevariousjurisdictions).Inrejecting

aproposaltoexemptlibrariansfromtheovertimerules,theDOLnotedthat

statesdonotgenerallylicensethepracticeoflibraryscience,sothatinthis

respect...theprofessionisnotcomparabletothatoflawormedicine.Id.A

similardistinctionwasdrawninadiscussionofextendingtheexemptionto

architectsandengineers:
Thepracticeoflawandmedicinehasalonghistoryof
statelicensingandcertification;thelicensingof
engineersandarchitectsisrelativelyrecent.Whileitis
impossibleforadoctororlawyerlegallytopracticehis
professionwithoutacertificateorlicense,many
architectsandengineersperformworkinthesefields
withoutpossessinglicenses,althoughfailuretoholda
licensemaylimittheirpermissibleactivitiestothoseof
lesserresponsibilities.

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Id.Wethusfindnoerrorwiththedistrictcourtsconclusionthatweshouldlook

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tostatelawindefiningthepracticeoflaw.

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II.

Choiceoflaw.

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Weturntothequestionofwhichstateslawtoapply.Wherejurisdiction

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isbasedontheexistenceofafederalquestion...wehavenothesitatedtoapply

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afederalcommonlawchoiceoflawanalysis.Barkanicv.Gen.Admin.ofCivil
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AviationofthePeoplesRepublicofChina,923F.2d957,961(2dCir.1991).The

federalcommonlawchoiceoflawruleistoapplythelawofthejurisdiction

havingthegreatestinterestinthelitigation.InreKoreag,ControleetRevisionS.A.,

961F.2d341,350(2dCir.1992).Here,therearefourpossibleforumstates:North

Carolina(whereLolaworkedandlived);Ohio(wheretheunderlyinglitigationis

venued);California(whereLolaisbarred);andNewYork(whereSkaddenis

located).

[W]henconductingafederalcommonlawchoiceoflawanalysis,absent

guidancefromCongress,wemayconsulttheRestatement(Second)ofConflictof

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Laws.EliLillyDoBrasil,Ltdav.Fed.ExpressCorp.,502F.3d78,81(2dCir.2007).

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TheRestatementprovidesinrelevantpartthat:

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Thevalidityofacontractfortherenditionof
servicesandtherightscreatedtherebyaredetermined,
intheabsenceofaneffectivechoiceoflawbythe
parties,bythelocallawofthestatewherethecontract
requiresthattheservices,oramajorportionofthe
services,berendered,unless,withrespecttothe
particularissue,someotherstatehasamoresignificant
relationshipundertheprinciplesstatedin6tothe
transactionandtheparties,inwhich[]eventthelocal
lawoftheotherstatewillbeapplied.
Restatement(Second)ofConflictofLaws196(1971).Here,theserviceswere

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renderedinNorthCarolina.Moreover,asthestatewhereLolaresides,North

CarolinapossessesastronginterestinmakingsureLolaisfairlypaid.Wefindno

errorinthedistrictcourtsdecisiontoapplyNorthCarolinalaw.

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III.

DefinitionofpracticeoflawunderNorthCarolinalaw.

NorthCarolinadefinesthepracticeoflawinitsGeneralStatutes,Section
842.1,whichprovidesthat:
ThephrasepracticelawasusedinthisChapter
isdefinedtobeperforminganylegalserviceforany
otherperson,firmorcorporation,withorwithout
compensation,specificallyincluding...thepreparation
andfilingofpetitionsforuseinanycourt,including
administrativetribunalsandotherjudicialor
quasijudicialbodies,orassistingbyadvice,counsel,or
otherwiseinanylegalwork;andtoadviseorgive
opinionuponthelegalrightsofanyperson,firmor
corporation....

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N.C.Gen.Stat.842.1.NorthCarolinacourtstypicallyreadSection842.1in

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conjunctionwithSection844,whichdefinestheunauthorizedpracticeoflawas

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follows:

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Exceptasotherwisepermittedbylaw,...itshall
beunlawfulforanypersonorassociationofpersons
exceptactivemembersoftheBar,fororwithoutafeeor
consideration,togivelegaladviceorcounsel,[or]
performfororfurnishtoanotherlegalservices....

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Id.844;seeN.C.StateBarv.Lienguard,Inc.,No.11cvs7288,2014WL1365418,

at*67(N.C.Super.Ct.Apr.4,2014).

TheNorthCarolinaGeneralStatutesdonotclarifywhetherlegal

servicesincludestheperformanceofdocumentreview.Nevertheless,theNorth

CarolinaStateBarissuedaformalethicsopinionsheddinglightonwhatismeant

bylegalservices.1Thequestionconsideredintheethicsopinionwas:Maya

lawyerethicallyoutsourcelegalsupportservicesabroad,iftheindividual

providingtheservicesiseitheranonlawyeroralawyernotadmittedtopractice

intheUnitedStates(collectivelyforeignassistants)?Initsopinion,theBars

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EthicsCommitteeopinedthat:
Alawyermayuseforeignassistantsforadministrative
supportservicessuchasdocumentassembly,
accounting,andclericalsupport.Alawyermayalsouse
foreignassistantsforlimitedlegalsupportservicessuch
asreviewingdocuments;conductingduediligence;
draftingcontracts,pleadings,andmemorandaoflaw;
andconductinglegalresearch.Foreignassistantsmay
notexerciseindependentlegaljudgmentinmaking
decisionsonbehalfofaclient....Thelimitationsonthe
typeoflegalservicesthatcanbeoutsourced,in

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Theethicsopiniontechnicallyreferredonlytolegalsupportservices.
NothingintheopinionorintherelevantNorthCarolinacaselawsuggeststhat
thereisanymeaningfuldifferencebetweenlegalservicesandlegalsupport
services.
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conjunctionwiththeselectionandsupervisory
requirementsassociatedwiththeuseofforeign
assistants,insuresthattheclientiscompetently
represented.SeeRule5.5(d).Nevertheless,when
outsourcinglegalsupportservices,lawyersneedtobe
mindfuloftheprohibitionsonunauthorizedpracticeof
lawinChapter84oftheGeneralStatutesandonthe
prohibitiononaidingtheunauthorizedpracticeoflaw
inRule5.5(d).

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N.C.StateBarEthicsCommittee,2007FormalEthicsOp.12(Apr.25,2008).

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reviewisconsideredlegalsupportservices,alongwithdraftingcontracts,

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pleadings,andmemorandaoflaw[,]andconductinglegalresearch;(2)the

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ethicsopiniondrawsaclearlinebetweenlegalsupportservices,likedocument

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review,andadministrativesupportservices,likedocumentassembly,

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accounting,andclericalsupport;and(3)byemphasizingthatonlylawyersmay

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undertakelegalwork,theethicsopinionmakesclearthatdocumentreview,like

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otherlegalsupportservices,constitutesthepracticeoflawandmaybelawfully

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performedbyanonlawyeronlyifthatnonlawyerissupervisedbyalicensed

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attorney.Lola,2014WL4626228,at*1112(alterationintheoriginal).Thus,the

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districtcourtconcluded,anylevelofdocumentreviewisconsideredthepractice

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oflawinNorthCarolina.Id.at12.Thedistrictcourtalsoconcludedthatbecause

Thedistrictcourtfoundthat(1)underNorthCarolinalaw,document

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FLSAsregulatoryschemecarvesdoctorsandlawyersoutofthesalaryandduty

analysisemployedtodiscernifothertypesofemployeesfallwithinthe

professionalexemption,afactintensiveinquiryisatoddswithFLSAs

regulatoryscheme.Id.at*13.

Wedisagree.Thedistrictcourterredinconcludingthatengagingin

documentreviewperseconstitutespracticinglawinNorthCarolina.Theethics

opiniondoesnotdelveintopreciselywhattypeofdocumentreviewfallswithin

thepracticeoflaw,butdoesnotethatwhilereviewingdocumentsmaybe

withinthepracticeoflaw,[f]oreignassistantsmaynotexerciseindependent

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legaljudgmentinmakingdecisionsonbehalfofaclient.N.C.StateBarEthics

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Committee,2007FormalEthicsOp.12.Theethicsopinionstronglysuggeststhat

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inherentinthedefinitionofpracticeoflawinNorthCarolinaistheexerciseof

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atleastamodicumofindependentlegaljudgment.2

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Wereitanoption,wemighthaveoptedtocertifythequestionofhowto
definepracticeoflawtotheNorthCarolinacourts.SeeAGIAssocs.LLCv.City
ofHickory,N.C.,773F.3d576,579n.4(4thCir.2014)(Alackofcontrolling
precedentonthestateruleofdecisioncanmeritcertificationoftheissuetothe
stateshighestcourt.TheStateofNorthCarolina,however,hasnocertification
procedureinplaceforfederalcourtstocertifyquestionstoitscourts.).
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Althoughthepartiesdonotcite,andourresearchdidnotreveal,acase

directlyonpoint,twodecisionsoftheNorthCarolinacourtsthatrelied,inpart,

ontheexerciseoflegaljudgmenttosupportafindingofunauthorizedpracticeof

lawalsosupportsuchaconclusion.Lienguard,2014WL1365418,at*911(lien

filingserviceengagedinunauthorizedpracticeoflawinpreparingclaimsof

lien);LegalZoom.com,Inc.v.N.C.StateBar,No.11cvs15111,2014WL1213242,at

*12(N.C.Super.Ct.Mar.24,2014)(notingthatthescrivenersexceptiontothe

unauthorizedpracticeoflawallowsunlicensedindividuals[to]record

informationthatanotherprovideswithoutengagingin[theunlicensedpractice

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oflaw]aslongastheydonotalsoprovideadviceorexpresslegaljudgments).

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Moreover,manyotherstatesalsoconsidertheexerciseofsomelegal

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judgmentanessentialelementofthepracticeoflaw.See,e.g.,InreDisciplineof

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Lerner,197P.3d1067,106970(Nev.2008)(exerciseoflegaljudgmentona

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clientsbehalfkeytoanalysisofwhetherapersonengagedintheunauthorized

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practiceoflaw);Peoplev.Shell,148P.3d162,174(Colo.2006)([O]neofthe

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touchstonesofColoradosbanontheunauthorizedpracticeoflawisan

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unlicensedpersonofferingadviceorjudgmentaboutlegalmatterstoanother

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personforuseinaspecificlegalsetting);Or.StateBarv.Smith,942P.2d793,800
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(Or.Ct.App.1997)(Thepracticeoflawmeanstheexerciseofprofessional

judgmentinapplyinglegalprinciplestoaddressanotherpersonsindividualized

needsthroughanalysis,advice,orotherassistance.);InreDiscipio,645N.E.2d

906,910(Ill.1994)(Thefocusoftheinquiryintowhetherpersonengagedin

unauthorizedpracticeoflawis,infact,whethertheactivityinquestionrequired

legalknowledgeandskillinordertoapplylegalprinciplesandprecedent.);In

reRowe,80N.Y.2d336,34142(1992)(authoringanarticleonthelegalrightsof

psychiatricpatientswhorefusetreatmentdidnotconstitutethepracticeoflaw

because[t]hepracticeoflawinvolvestherenderingoflegaladviceandopinions

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directedtoparticularclients).
ThegravamenofLolascomplaintisthatheperformeddocumentreview

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undersuchtightconstraintsthatheexercisednolegaljudgmentwhatsoeverhe

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allegesthatheusedcriteriadevelopedbyotherstosimplysortdocumentsinto

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differentcategories.Acceptingthoseallegationsastrue,aswemustonamotion

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todismiss,wefindthatLolaadequatelyallegedinhiscomplaintthathefailedto

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exerciseanylegaljudgmentinperforminghisdutiesforDefendants.Afair

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readingofthecomplaintinthelightmostfavorabletoLolaisthatheprovided

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servicesthatamachinecouldhaveprovided.Thepartiesthemselvesagreedat
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oralargumentthatanindividualwho,inthecourseofreviewingdiscovery

documents,undertakestasksthatcouldotherwisebeperformedentirelybya

machinecannotbesaidtoengageinthepracticeoflaw.Wethereforevacatethe

judgmentofthedistrictcourtandremandforfurtherproceedingsconsistentwith

thisopinion.
CONCLUSION

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Forthereasonsgivenabove,thejudgmentofthedistrictcourtisvacated,
andthismatterremanded.

9
10
11
12
13

19

Case 14-3845, Document 89-2, 07/23/2015, 1560411, Page1 of 1

United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit

Thurgood Marshall U.S. Courthouse
40 Foley Square
New York, NY 10007
ROBERT A. KATZMANN

CATHERINE O'HAGAN WOLFE

CHIEF JUDGE

CLERK OF COURT

Date: July 23, 2015

Docket #: 14-3845cv
Short Title: Lola v. Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher

DC Docket #: 13-cv-5008
DC Court: SDNY (NEW YORK CITY)
DC Judge: Sullivan

BILL OF COSTS INSTRUCTIONS

The requirements for filing a bill of costs are set forth in FRAP 39. A form for filing a bill of
costs is on the Court's website.
The bill of costs must:
* be filed within 14 days after the entry of judgment;
* be verified;
* be served on all adversaries;
* not include charges for postage, delivery, service, overtime and the filers edits;
* identify the number of copies which comprise the printer's unit;
* include the printer's bills, which must state the minimum charge per printer's unit for a page, a
cover, foot lines by the line, and an index and table of cases by the page;
* state only the number of necessary copies inserted in enclosed form;
* state actual costs at rates not higher than those generally charged for printing services in New
York, New York; excessive charges are subject to reduction;
* be filed via CM/ECF or if counsel is exempted with the original and two copies.

Case 14-3845, Document 89-3, 07/23/2015, 1560411, Page1 of 1

United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit

Thurgood Marshall U.S. Courthouse
40 Foley Square
New York, NY 10007
ROBERT A. KATZMANN

CATHERINE O'HAGAN WOLFE

CHIEF JUDGE

CLERK OF COURT

Date: July 23, 2015

Docket #: 14-3845cv
Short Title: Lola v. Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher

DC Docket #: 13-cv-5008
DC Court: SDNY (NEW YORK CITY)
DC Judge: Sullivan

VERIFIED ITEMIZED BILL OF COSTS

Counsel for
_________________________________________________________________________
respectfully submits, pursuant to FRAP 39 (c) the within bill of costs and requests the Clerk to
prepare an itemized statement of costs taxed against the
________________________________________________________________
and in favor of
_________________________________________________________________________
for insertion in the mandate.
Docketing Fee

_____________________

Costs of printing appendix (necessary copies ______________ ) _____________________

Costs of printing brief (necessary copies ______________ ____) _____________________
Costs of printing reply brief (necessary copies ______________ ) _____________________

(VERIFICATION HERE)
________________________
Signature