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Chapter 12
Structural Dynamics
12.1 Basics of Structural Dynamics
12.2 Lifting Fork
12.3 Two-Story Building
12.4 Ball and Rod
12.5 Guitar String
12.6 Review
Section 12.1
Basics of Structural Dynamics
Key Concepts
Viscous Damping
Material Damping
Coulomb Friction
Modal Analysis
Harmonic Response Analysis
Transient Structural Analysis
Explicit Dynamics
Response Spectrum Analysis
Random Vibration Analysis
k1
m1
k2
c1
c2
m2
F = ma
p kx cx = mx
mx + cx + kx = p
p
c
Natural frequency:
Natural period: T =
1
f
t+B
k
(rad/s) or f =
(Hz)
m
2
Displacement (x)
mx + cx + kx = 0
time (t)
Td =
Td
Where
d
, =
c
, c = 2m
cc c
is called the
Displacement (x)
time (t)
Damping Mechanisms
Analysis Systems
The foregoing concepts may be generalized to multipledegrees-of-freedom cases,
{}
{}
{ } {}
M D + C D + K D = F
{ } {}
K D = F
Modal Analysis
{}
{}
{ }
M D + C D + K D =0
For a problem of n degrees of freedom, it has at most n solutions, denoted by
{Di },i =1,2,...,n . These solutions are called mode shapes of the structure. Each mode
shape {Di } can be excited by an external excitation of frequency
{}
{ }
M D + K D =0
{}
{}
{ } {}
M D + C D + K D = F
is
the angular frequency of the external force. The steady-state solution of the
equation will be of the form
Di = Bi sin( t +
i)
The goal of the harmonic response analysis to nd the magnitude Bi and the phase
angle
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{}
{}
{ } {}
M D + C D + K D = F
11
Explicit Dynamics
{}
{}
{ } {}
M D + C D + K D = F
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Section 12.2
Lifting Fork
Problem Description
13
The maximum
static deection
is 15 mm.
14
15
16
Section 12.3
Two-Story Building
Problem Description
Harmonic loads
are applied on
this oor deck.
17
Modal Analysis
[1] The rst
mode (1.55 Hz).
18
At dancing frequency of
1.55 Hz, the structure is
excited such that the
maximum X-displacement
is 0.0174 in (0.44 mm).
This value is too small to
be worried about.
19
Although high frequencies do excite the oor, but the values are
very small. At frequency of 10.3 Hz, the excitation reaches a
maximum of 0.0033 in (0.1 times of 0.033 in), or 0.084 mm. The
value is too small to cause an issue.
Amplitude of vertical
deection of the oor
due to harmonic load
of magnitude of 1 psf.
20
Section 12.4
Disk and Block
Problem Description
21
Results
22
Solution Behavior
23
Section 12.5
Guitar String
The main purpose of this exercise is to demonstrate how to use the
results of a static simulation as the initial condition of a transient
dynamic simulation
24